FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Colliander, A Mckague, D AF Colliander, Andreas Mckague, Darren TI The Microwave Radiometer Working Group SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 [Colliander, Andreas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mckague, Darren] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Colliander, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2168-6831 J9 IEEE GEOSC REM SEN M JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Mag. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 4 IS 3 SI SI BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.1109/MGRS.2016.2588442 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EF0HY UT WOS:000390007700009 ER PT J AU Eingorn, M Kiefer, C Zhuk, A AF Eingorn, Maxim Kiefer, Claus Zhuk, Alexander TI Scalar and vector perturbations in a universe with discrete and continuous matter sources SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmological perturbation theory; dark energy theory; gravity ID COSMOLOGICAL PERTURBATIONS; DARK-MATTER; NETWORKS; ENERGY AB We study a universe filled with dust-like matter in the form of discrete inhomogeneities (e.g., galaxies and their groups and clusters) and two sets of perfect fluids with linear and nonlinear equations of state, respectively. The background spacetime geometry is defined by the FLRW metric. In the weak gravitational field limit, we develop the first-order scalar and vector cosmological perturbation theory. Our approach works at all cosmological scales (i.e. sub-horizon and super-horizon ones) and incorporates linear and nonlinear effects with respect to energy density fluctuations. We demonstrate that the scalar perturbation (i.e. the gravitational potential) as well as the vector perturbation can be split into individual contributions from each matter source. Each of these contributions satisfies its own equation. The velocity-independent parts of the individual gravitational potentials are characterized by a finite time-dependent Yukawa interaction range being the same for each individual contribution. We also obtain the exact form of the gravitational potential and vector perturbation related to the discrete matter sources. The self-consistency of our approach is thoroughly checked. The derived equations can form the theoretical basis for numerical simulations for a wide class of cosmological models. C1 [Eingorn, Maxim] North Carolina Cent Univ, CREST, Fayetteville St 1801, Durham, NC 27707 USA. [Eingorn, Maxim] NASA, Res Ctr, Fayetteville St 1801, Durham, NC 27707 USA. [Eingorn, Maxim; Kiefer, Claus] Univ Cologne, Inst Theoret Phys, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Zhuk, Alexander] Odessa Natl Univ, Astron Observ, Dvoryanskaya St 2, UA-65082 Odessa, Ukraine. RP Eingorn, M (reprint author), North Carolina Cent Univ, CREST, Fayetteville St 1801, Durham, NC 27707 USA.; Eingorn, M (reprint author), NASA, Res Ctr, Fayetteville St 1801, Durham, NC 27707 USA.; Eingorn, M (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Theoret Phys, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. EM maxim.eingorn@gmail.com; kiefer@thp.uni-koeln.de; ai.zhuk2@gmail.com FU Albert's Researcher Reunion Grant of the University of Cologne FX The work of M. Eingorn was partially supported by an Albert's Researcher Reunion Grant of the University of Cologne. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD SEP PY 2016 IS 9 AR 032 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2016/09/032 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA EE7CM UT WOS:000389772300017 ER PT J AU Eliasson, B Speirs, DC Daldorff, LKS AF Eliasson, B. Speirs, D. C. Daldorff, L. K. S. TI Electrostatic electron cyclotron instabilities near the upper hybrid layer due to electron ring distributions SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article DE electron cyclotron instability; electron Bernstein waves; ring distribution ID STIMULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION; BROAD UPSHIFTED MAXIMUM; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PLASMA-WAVES; BERNSTEIN MODES; SIMULATION; SPACE; HARMONICS; RADIATION; DISCHARGE AB A theoretical study is presented of the electrostatic electron cyclotron instability involving Bernstein modes in a magnetized plasma. The presence of a tenuous thermal ring distribution in a Maxwellian plasma decreases the frequency of the upper hybrid branch of the electron Bernstein mode until it merges with the nearest lower branch with a resulting instability. The instability occurs when the upper hybrid frequency is somewhat above the third, fourth, and higher electron cyclotron harmonics, and gives rise to a narrow spectrum of waves around the electron cyclotron harmonic nearest to the upper hybrid frequency. For a tenuous cold ring distribution together with a Maxwellian distribution an instability can take place also near the second electron cyclotron harmonic. Noise-free Vlasov simulations are used to assess the theoretical linear growth-rates and frequency spectra, and to study the nonlinear evolution of the instability. The relevance of the results to laboratory and ionospheric heating experiments is discussed. C1 [Eliasson, B.; Speirs, D. C.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, SUPA, John Anderson Bldg, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. [Daldorff, L. K. S.] Catholic Univ Amer, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Daldorff, L. K. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Eliasson, B (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, SUPA, John Anderson Bldg, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. EM bengt.eliasson@strath.ac.uk FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), U.K. [EP/M009386/1] FX Discussions with Thomas Leyser at the Swedish Institute of Space Physics are gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), U.K., Grant no. EP/M009386/1. Simulation data supporting the figures are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.15129/56448d9e-adb0-4d2b-afdb-029165a40f54. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD SEP PY 2016 VL 58 IS 9 AR 095002 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/58/9/095002 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA EE2TI UT WOS:000389437000002 ER PT J AU Bartholomaus, TC Stearns, LA Sutherland, DA Shroyer, EL Nash, JD Walker, RT Catania, G Felikson, D Carroll, D Fried, MJ Noel, BPY Van Den Broeke, MR AF Bartholomaus, Timothy C. Stearns, Leigh A. Sutherland, David A. Shroyer, Emily L. Nash, Jonathan D. Walker, Ryan T. Catania, Ginny Felikson, Denis Carroll, Dustin Fried, Mason J. Noel, Brice P. Y. Van Den Broeke, Michiel R. TI Contrasts in the response of adjacent fjords and glaciers to ice-sheet surface melt in West Greenland SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmosphere/ice/ocean interactions; ice velocity; ice/ocean interactions; iceberg calving; subglacial processes ID SIGNIFICANT SUBMARINE MELT; JAKOBSHAVN ISBRAE; OUTLET GLACIERS; OCEAN WATERS; SOUTHEAST GREENLAND; TIDEWATER GLACIER; HELHEIM GLACIER; MASS-BALANCE; DYNAMICS; TERMINUS AB Neighboring tidewater glaciers often exhibit asynchronous dynamic behavior, despite relatively uniform regional atmospheric and oceanic forcings. This variability may be controlled by a combination of local factors, including glacier and fjord geometry, fjord heat content and circulation, and glacier surface melt. In order to characterize and understand contrasts in adjacent tidewater glacier and fjord dynamics, we made coincident ice-ocean-atmosphere observations at high temporal resolution (minutes to weeks) within a 10 000 km(2) area near Uummannaq, Greenland. Water column velocity, temperature and salinity measurements reveal systematic differences in neighboring fjords that imply contrasting circulation patterns. The observed ocean velocity and hydrography, combined with numerical modeling, suggest that subglacial discharge plays a major role in setting fjord conditions. In addition, satellite remote sensing of seasonal ice flow speed and terminus position reveal both speedup and slow-down in response to melt, as well as differences in calving style among the neighboring glaciers. Glacier force budgets and modeling also point toward subglacial discharge as a key factor in glacier behavior. For the studied region, individual glacier and fjord geometry modulate subglacial discharge, which leads to contrasts in both fjord and glacier dynamics. C1 [Bartholomaus, Timothy C.; Catania, Ginny; Felikson, Denis; Fried, Mason J.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Stearns, Leigh A.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Sutherland, David A.; Carroll, Dustin] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Shroyer, Emily L.; Nash, Jonathan D.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Walker, Ryan T.] Univ Maryland, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Walker, Ryan T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Noel, Brice P. Y.; Van Den Broeke, Michiel R.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht IMAU, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Bartholomaus, TC (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM tbartholomaus@ig.utexas.edu RI Van den Broeke, Michiel/F-7867-2011; Catania, Ginny/B-9787-2008; OI Van den Broeke, Michiel/0000-0003-4662-7565; Bartholomaus, Timothy/0000-0002-1470-6720; Felikson, Denis/0000-0002-3785-5112 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX12AP50G]; University of Texas Institute for Geophysics; Polar Program of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NOW/ALW) FX This work was partially supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through grant NNX12AP50G. T.C.B. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics. We acknowledge field support from CH2MHill Polar Services and the captain and crew of the R/V Sanna. We thank Ian Joughin for deriving glacier velocities from TerraSAR-X scenes within our area and the Polar Geospatial Center for providing World View imagery. B.N. and M.vdB. acknowledge support of the Polar Program of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NOW/ALW). The constructive critiques of two anonymous reviewers significantly improved the quality and clarity of this publication. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 57 IS 73 BP 25 EP 38 DI 10.1017/aog.2016.19 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA ED6GJ UT WOS:000388953800005 ER PT J AU Shuman, C Scambos, T Berthier, E AF Shuman, Christopher Scambos, Ted Berthier, Etienne TI Ice loss processes in the Seal Nunataks ice shelf region from satellite altimetry and imagery SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antarctic glaciology; ice shelves; remote sensing ID ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; MASS-BALANCE; LARSEN; SHEET; ELEVATION; GLACIERS; DISINTEGRATION; RESOLUTION; DISCHARGE; TRIBUTARY AB The Seal Nunataks ice shelf (SNIS, similar to 743 km(2) in 2013) is an unofficial name for a remnant area between the former Larsen A and Larsen B ice shelves off the northeastern Antarctic Peninsula. Analyses using Landsat 7 ETM+ and Terra ASTER images from 2001 to 13 and ICESat altimetry from 2003 to 09 show it has retreated and thinned following the Larsen A (1995) and Larsen B (2002) disintegrations. Despite some regional cooling and more fast ice since 2008, SNIS continues to lose ice along its margins and may be losing contact with some nunataks. Detailed analysis of data from four ICESat tracks indicates that ice shelf thinning rates range between 1.9 and 2.7 m a(-1), and generally increase from west to east. An ICESat repeat track crossing the adjacent Robertson Island shows a mean elevation loss of 1.8 m a(-1). Two tracks crossing the SNIS's remaining tributary, Rogosh Glacier, show sub-meter elevation losses. Comparing shelf remnant and grounded ice thinning rates implies that basal ocean melting augments SNIS thinning by similar to 1 m a(-1), a rate that is consistent with other estimates of ocean-driven shelf thinning in the region. C1 [Shuman, Christopher] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, UMBC, JCET, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Scambos, Ted] Univ Colorado Boulder, CIRES, NSIDC, Boulder, CO USA. [Berthier, Etienne] Univ Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, CNES,IRD,LEGOS, Toulouse, France. RP Shuman, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, UMBC, JCET, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM Christopher.A.Shuman@nasa.gov RI Berthier, Etienne/B-8900-2009 OI Berthier, Etienne/0000-0001-5978-9155 FU NSF [NSF ANT-0732921]; NASA [NASA NNX10AR76G]; TOSCA program of the French Space Agency (CNES); ISIS program of the French Space Agency (CNES); NASA FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of H. Pritchard for additional insights on a previously published analysis for the area (Pritchard and others, 2012). The authors would also like to thank J. Bohlander, K. Melocik, V. Suchdeo, and P. Vornberger for help with aspects of the imagery analysis. This project also benefitted from the help of M. Siegfried and L. Padman regarding the best available ocean tide model for the ICESat data. The ICESat data for this paper are available at the NASA Distributed Active Archive Center at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (GLA12 - GLAS/ICESat L2 Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheet Altimetry Data). The Landsat data were acquired at no cost via the Earth Explorer website from the US Geological Survey's Earth Resource Observation and Science Center (EROS), home of the national archive for Landsat imagery. The ASTER data were provided at no cost through the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project. This work was supported by NSF and NASA grants to T. Scambos (NSF ANT-0732921; NASA NNX10AR76G), the TOSCA and ISIS programs of the French Space Agency (CNES) to E. Berthier, and NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program funds to C. Shuman. The final paper benefitted from the many helpful comments provided by two anonymous reviewers. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 57 IS 73 BP 94 EP 104 DI 10.1017/aog.2016.29 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA ED6GJ UT WOS:000388953800012 ER PT J AU Geller, MA Zhou, TH Shindell, D Ruedy, R Aleinov, I Nazarenko, L Tausnev, NL Kelley, M Sun, S Cheng, Y Field, RD Faluvegi, G AF Geller, Marvin A. Zhou, Tiehan Shindell, D. Ruedy, R. Aleinov, I. Nazarenko, L. Tausnev, N. L. Kelley, M. Sun, S. Cheng, Y. Field, R. D. Faluvegi, G. TI Modeling the QBO-Improvements resulting from higher-model vertical resolution SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE modeling the QBO; fine vertical resolution; other model improvements ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GLOBAL CLIMATE; GRAVITY-WAVES; TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; CHEMISTRY AB Using the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) climate model, it is shown that with proper choice of the gravity wave momentum flux entering the stratosphere and relatively fine vertical layering of at least 500 m in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS), a realistic stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is modeled with the proper period, amplitude, and structure down to tropopause levels. It is furthermore shown that the specified gravity wave momentum flux controls the QBO period whereas the width of the gravity wave momentum flux phase speed spectrum controls the QBO amplitude. Fine vertical layering is required for the proper downward extension to tropopause levels as this permits wave-mean flow interactions in the UTLS region to be resolved in the model. When vertical resolution is increased from 1000 to 500 m, the modeled QBO modulation of the tropical tropopause temperatures increasingly approach that from observations, and the tape recorder of stratospheric water vapor also approaches the observed. The transport characteristics of our GISS models are assessed using age-of-air and N2O diagnostics, and it is shown that some of the deficiencies in model transport that have been noted in previous GISS models are greatly improved for all of our tested model vertical resolutions. More realistic tropical-extratropical transport isolation, commonly referred to as the tropical pipe, results from the finer vertical model layering required to generate a realistic QBO. C1 [Geller, Marvin A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Zhou, Tiehan; Ruedy, R.; Aleinov, I.; Nazarenko, L.; Tausnev, N. L.; Kelley, M.; Cheng, Y.; Field, R. D.; Faluvegi, G.] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. [Zhou, Tiehan; Aleinov, I.; Nazarenko, L.; Cheng, Y.; Faluvegi, G.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Shindell, D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Ruedy, R.; Tausnev, N. L.; Kelley, M.] Trinnovim LLC, New York, NY USA. [Sun, S.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Field, R. D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. RP Geller, MA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM marvin.geller@stonybrook.edu FU NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center FX This work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program and the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. Data from these runs are available from Tiehan Zhou (tz2131@columbia.edu). We thank Jae N. Lee for kindly providing the AURA MLS water vapor data. The authors acknowledge the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, which led to an improved paper. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1092 EP 1105 DI 10.1002/2016MS000699 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC0LV UT WOS:000387793500004 PM 27917258 ER PT J AU Pithan, F Ackerman, A Angevine, WM Hartung, K Ickes, L Kelley, M Medeiros, B Sandu, I Steeneveld, GJ Sterk, HAM Svensson, G Vaillancourt, PA Zadra, A AF Pithan, Felix Ackerman, Andrew Angevine, Wayne M. Hartung, Kerstin Ickes, Luisa Kelley, Maxwell Medeiros, Brian Sandu, Irina Steeneveld, Gert-Jan Sterk, H. A. M. Svensson, Gunilla Vaillancourt, Paul A. Zadra, Ayrton TI Select strengths and biases of models in representing the Arctic winter boundary layer over sea ice: the Larcform 1 single column model intercomparison SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Arctic; boundary-layer; mixed-phase clouds; models; intercomparison; inversion ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; CLIMATE MODELS; CLOUDS; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; INVERSIONS; RADIATION; SYSTEM; SHEBA AB Weather and climate models struggle to represent lower tropospheric temperature and moisture profiles and surface fluxes in Arctic winter, partly because they lack or misrepresent physical processes that are specific to high latitudes. Observations have revealed two preferred states of the Arctic winter boundary layer. In the cloudy state, cloud liquid water limits surface radiative cooling, and temperature inversions are weak and elevated. In the radiatively clear state, strong surface radiative cooling leads to the build-up of surface-based temperature inversions. Many large-scale models lack the cloudy state, and some substantially underestimate inversion strength in the clear state. Here, the transformation from a moist to a cold dry air mass is modeled using an idealized Lagrangian perspective. The trajectory includes both boundary layer states, and the single-column experiment is the first Lagrangian Arctic air formation experiment (Larcform 1) organized within GEWEX GASS (Global atmospheric system studies). The intercomparison reproduces the typical biases of large-scale models: some models lack the cloudy state of the boundary layer due to the representation of mixed-phase microphysics or to the interaction between micro- and macrophysics. In some models, high emissivities of ice clouds or the lack of an insulating snow layer prevent the build-up of surface-based inversions in the radiatively clear state. Models substantially disagree on the amount of cloud liquid water in the cloudy state and on turbulent heat fluxes under clear skies. Observations of air mass transformations including both boundary layer states would allow for a tighter constraint of model behavior. C1 [Pithan, Felix] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Ackerman, Andrew; Kelley, Maxwell] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. [Angevine, Wayne M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Angevine, Wayne M.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Hartung, Kerstin; Svensson, Gunilla] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Ickes, Luisa] ETHZ, Inst Atmosphere & Climate, Zurich, Switzerland. [Medeiros, Brian] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Sandu, Irina] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. [Steeneveld, Gert-Jan; Sterk, H. A. M.] Wageningen Univ, Meteorol & Air Qual Sect, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Vaillancourt, Paul A.; Zadra, Ayrton] Environm Canada, Rech Previs Numer Atmospher, Dorval, PQ, Canada. RP Pithan, F (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. EM felix.pithan@awi.de RI Steeneveld, Gert-Jan/B-2816-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Steeneveld, Gert-Jan/0000-0002-5922-8179; FU GASS (Global atmospheric system studies) steering group; ERC under Marie-Curie grant UACSURF [GAP-654492]; NASA MAP program; NWO [863.10.010, 829.09.005]; Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science [DE-FC02-97ER62402]; National Science Foundation; Swedish e-Science Research Centre SeRC FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the GASS (Global atmospheric system studies) steering group. We thank the researchers involved in the collection of SHEBA and ARM data for making their data sets available, and the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison and the World Climate Research Program's Working Group on Coupled Modeling for making available the CMIP5 multimodel data set. F.P. was funded by the ERC under Marie-Curie grant UACSURF (GAP-654492) for parts of this study. AA and MK were funded by the NASA MAP program. GJS acknowledges funding from NWO contract 863.10.010. M.S. acknowledges the support from NWO (The Dutch Science Foundation) with grant 829.09.005 ("Quantifying contributions of surface climate feedbacks to the Arctic amplification of greenhouse warming'' in the Sustainable Earth program). B.M. was supported by the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02-97ER62402. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. K.H. was supported by the Swedish e-Science Research Centre SeRC. Thanks to Bert Holtslag for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, and to Thorsten Mauritsen for advice and support in the development of the case. We gratefully acknowledge the input and advice of two anonymous reviewers. Model results are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.856770. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1345 EP 1357 DI 10.1002/2016MS000630 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC0LV UT WOS:000387793500017 ER PT J AU Hudson, J Spangelo, S Hine, A Kolosa, D Lemmer, K AF Hudson, Jennifer Spangelo, Sara Hine, Andrew Kolosa, Daniel Lemmer, Kristina TI Mission Analysis for CubeSats with Micropropulsion SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID ORBIT TRANSFERS; PROPULSION; THRUSTER AB The orbital maneuver capabilities of several CubeSat propulsion systems are analyzed using trajectory simulations. Properties of several types of developmental micropropulsion systems are reviewed, and Delta V capabilities are compared. Mission simulations are used to analyze the relationship between thrust arc length and orbit change capability in a low-thrust spiral trajectory. Constraints on power, fuel mass, and mission duration, as well as system-level constraints, are considered. Feasible CubeSat architectures and mission designs are developed for three electric propulsion systems. The most effective combinations of thruster operational modes and trajectory control strategies are discussed. C1 [Hudson, Jennifer; Hine, Andrew; Kolosa, Daniel; Lemmer, Kristina] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 1903 West Michigan Ave,Mail Stop 5343, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Spangelo, Sara] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hudson, J (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 1903 West Michigan Ave,Mail Stop 5343, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. FU NASA [NNX13AR18A] FX The authors acknowledge support from NASA cooperative agreement NNX13AR18A. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP PY 2016 VL 53 IS 5 BP 836 EP 846 DI 10.2514/1.A33564 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA ED1FY UT WOS:000388591400006 ER PT J AU Blandino, JJ Martinez-Baquero, N Demetriou, MA Gatsonis, NA Paschalidis, N AF Blandino, John J. Martinez-Baquero, Nicolas Demetriou, Michael A. Gatsonis, Nikolaos A. Paschalidis, Nicholas TI Feasibility for Orbital Life Extension of a CubeSat in the Lower Thermosphere SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting / AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition CY JAN 04-08, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP AIAA ID ATMOSPHERE; SATELLITE; THRUSTER; MISSION AB Orbital flight of CubeSats at altitudes between 150 and 250 km has the potential to enable a new class of scientific, commercial, and defense-related missions. A study is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of extending the orbital lifetime of a CubeSat in a 210 km orbit. Propulsion consists of an electrospray thruster operating at a 2 W, 0.175 mN thrust, and an specific impulse (Isp) of 500 s. The mission consists of two phases. In phase 1, the CubeSat is deployed from a 414 km orbit and uses the thruster to deorbit to the target altitude of 210 km. In phase 2, the propulsion system is used to extend the mission lifetime until propellant is fully expended. A control algorithm based on maintaining a target orbital energy is presented that uses an extended Kalman filter to generate estimates of the orbital dynamic state, which are periodically updated by Global Positioning System measurements. For phase 1, the spacecraft requires 25.21 days to descend from 414 to 210 km, corresponding to a Delta V = 96.25 m/s and a propellant consumption of 77.8 g. Phase 2 lasts 57.83 days, corresponding to a Delta V = 119.15 m/s, during which the remaining 94.2 g of propellant are consumed. C1 [Blandino, John J.; Martinez-Baquero, Nicolas; Demetriou, Michael A.; Gatsonis, Nikolaos A.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Aerosp Engn Program, 100 Inst Rd, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Paschalidis, Nicholas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Blandino, JJ (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Aerosp Engn Program, 100 Inst Rd, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP PY 2016 VL 53 IS 5 BP 864 EP 875 DI 10.2514/1.A33462 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA ED1FY UT WOS:000388591400008 ER PT J AU Shapiro, AA Borgonia, JP Chen, QN Dillon, RP McEnerney, B Polit-Casillas, R Soloway, L AF Shapiro, A. A. Borgonia, J. P. Chen, Q. N. Dillon, R. P. McEnerney, B. Polit-Casillas, R. Soloway, L. TI Additive Manufacturing for Aerospace Flight Applications SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID INCONEL 718; LASER; STEEL; DEPOSITION; CERAMICS; PARTS; MICROSTRUCTURE; OPTIMIZATION; ELECTRONICS; FABRICATION AB Additive manufacturing can provide many advantages to the future of space flight. Although it has been in use for plastic prototyping applications, it is only more recently that additive technologies have been investigated to produce metal and ceramic flight parts. This review paper presents some of the specific issues that arise for space flight applications, including materials selection, processing and postprocessing parameters, and the qualification process. With these concerns in mind, there are seven main applications in which additive manufacturing can provide a benefit. These applications include innovative design strategies that use the unique parameters of additive manufacturing, as well as some specific uses such as mass reduction or in situ production in space. C1 [Shapiro, A. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Space Technol Program Off, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 180-701, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Borgonia, J. P.; Dillon, R. P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mech Syst Engn Fabricat & Test, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 170-104, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Chen, Q. N.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mech Syst Engn Fabricat & Test, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 158-103, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [McEnerney, B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mech Syst Engn Fabricat & Test, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 125-109, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Polit-Casillas, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mech Syst Engn Fabricat & Test, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 154-410, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Soloway, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Engn & Sci Directorate, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 180-502, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Shapiro, AA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Space Technol Program Off, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 180-701, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP PY 2016 VL 53 IS 5 BP 952 EP 959 DI 10.2514/1.A33544 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA ED1FY UT WOS:000388591400015 ER PT J AU Jacobson, AR Holzworth, RH Pfaff, R Heelis, R AF Jacobson, Abram R. Holzworth, Robert H. Pfaff, Robert Heelis, Roderick TI Automated identification of discrete, lightning-generated, multiple-dispersed whistler waves in C/NOFS-VEFI very low frequency observations SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; RADIATION BELT; TEMPORAL SIGNATURES; TWEEK ATMOSPHERICS; LOCATION NETWORK; PLASMASPHERE; PROPAGATION; ORIGIN; GUIDE AB Automated wave feature detection is required to efficiently analyze large archives of very low frequency broadband recordings for discrete whistler identification and feature extraction. We describe a new method to do this, even in the presence of simultaneous, multiple whistler phase dispersions. Previous techniques of whistler identification were unable to deal with simultaneous, multiple phase dispersions. We demonstrate the new method with data from the Vector Electric Field Investigation (VEFI) payload on the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) satellite, from the mission years 2008-2014. C1 [Jacobson, Abram R.; Holzworth, Robert H.] Univ Washington, Earth & Space Sci Dept, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pfaff, Robert] NASA, Goddard Spaceflight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Heelis, Roderick] Univ Texas Dallas, Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Jacobson, AR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Earth & Space Sci Dept, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM abramj@u.washington.edu FU NSF [1443011] FX This work was partially supported by NSF grant 1443011, "Wave-vector-resolved Study of Lightning Whistler Propagation and Energetics in the Low-latitude Plasmasphere." Readers wishing to examine the original data are invited to contact the corresponding author. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 51 IS 9 BP 1547 EP 1569 DI 10.1002/2016RS005989 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA ED6EI UT WOS:000388947900009 ER PT J AU Wilson, SA Howard, AD Moore, JM Grant, JA AF Wilson, Sharon A. Howard, Alan D. Moore, Jeffrey M. Grant, John A. TI A cold-wet middle-latitude environment on Mars during the Hesperian-Amazonian transition: Evidence from northern Arabia valleys and paleolakes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GALE CRATER; TERRA-CIMMERIA; SURFACE RUNOFF; ALLUVIAL FANS; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; PRECIPITATION; NETWORKS; IMPACTS; SYSTEMS AB The growing inventory of post-Noachian fluvial valleys may represent a late, widespread episode of aqueous activity on Mars, contrary to the paradigm that fluvial activity largely ceased around the Noachian-Hesperian boundary. Fresh shallow valleys (FSVs) are widespread from similar to 30 to 45 degrees in both hemispheres with a high concentration in northern Arabia Terra. Valleys in northern Arabia Terra characteristically start abruptly on steeper slopes and terminate in topographic depressions at elevations corresponding to model-predicted lake levels. Longer valley systems flowed into and out of chains of paleolakes. Minimum discharges based on the dimensions of the incised channel assuming medium to coarse sand-size grains ranges from tens to hundreds of m(3) s(-1), respectively, consistent with formation via snowmelt from surface or sub-ice flows. Hydrologic calculations indicate the valleys likely formed in hundreds of years or less, and crater statistics constrain the timing of fluvial activity to between the Hesperian and middle Amazonian. Several craters with channels extending radially outward supports evidence for overflow of interior crater lakes possibly fed by groundwater. Most FSVs occur away from young impact craters which make an association with impact processes improbable. The widespread occurrence of FSVs along with their similar morphology and shared modest state of degradation is consistent with most forming during a global interval of favorable climate, perhaps contemporaneous with alluvial fan formation in equatorial and midlatitudes. Evidence for a snowmelt-based hydrology and considerable depths of water on the landscape in Arabia supports a cold, wet, and possibly habitable environment late in Martian history. C1 [Wilson, Sharon A.; Grant, John A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Wilson, Sharon A.; Howard, Alan D.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Moore, Jeffrey M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Wilson, SA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA.; Wilson, SA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM wilsons@si.edu FU NASA [12-MDAP12-0033] FX Thanks to Cathy Quantin-Nataf and Nick Warner for their insightful reviews and to Caleb Fassett for his Associate Editor evaluation. This work was supported by a NASA grant 12-MDAP12-0033 from the Mars Data Analysis Program. The data used are listed in the figures, tables, supplemental material, and or repository at http://airandspace.si.edu/CEPSData. NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 1667 EP 1694 DI 10.1002/2016JE005052 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EC0MO UT WOS:000387795400006 ER PT J AU Miljkovic, K Collins, GS Wieczorek, MA Johnson, BC Soderblom, JM Neumann, GA Zuber, MT AF Miljkovic, K. Collins, G. S. Wieczorek, M. A. Johnson, B. C. Soderblom, J. M. Neumann, G. A. Zuber, M. T. TI Subsurface morphology and scaling of lunar impact basins SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID INNER SOLAR-SYSTEM; POLE-AITKEN BASIN; HEAVY BOMBARDMENT; MASCON BASINS; MARE BASALTS; MOON; ORIGIN; GRAVITY; GRAIL; CRUST AB Impact bombardment during the first billion years after the formation of the Moon produced at least several tens of basins. The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission mapped the gravity field of these impact structures at significantly higher spatial resolution than previous missions, allowing for detailed subsurface and morphological analyses to be made across the entire globe. GRAIL-derived crustal thickness maps were used to define the regions of crustal thinning observed in centers of lunar impact basins, which represents a less unambiguous measure of a basin size than those based on topographic features. The formation of lunar impact basins was modeled numerically by using the iSALE-2D hydrocode, with a large range of impact and target conditions typical for the first billion years of lunar evolution. In the investigated range of impactor and target conditions, the target temperature had the dominant effect on the basin subsurface morphology. Model results were also used to update current impact scaling relationships applicable to the lunar setting (based on assumed target temperature). Our new temperature-dependent impact-scaling relationships provide estimates of impact conditions and transient crater diameters for the majority of impact basins mapped by GRAIL. As the formation of lunar impact basins is associated with the first similar to 700 Myr of the solar system evolution when the impact flux was considerably larger than the present day, our revised impact scaling relationships can aid further analyses and understanding of the extent of impact bombardment on the Moon and terrestrial planets in the early solar system. C1 [Miljkovic, K.; Johnson, B. C.; Soderblom, J. M.; Zuber, M. T.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Miljkovic, K.] Curtin Univ, Dept Appl Geol, Perth, WA, Australia. [Collins, G. S.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London, England. [Wieczorek, M. A.] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Paris, France. [Johnson, B. C.] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Neumann, G. A.] NASA, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Miljkovic, K (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.; Miljkovic, K (reprint author), Curtin Univ, Dept Appl Geol, Perth, WA, Australia. EM katarina.miljkovic@curtin.edu.au RI Neumann, Gregory/I-5591-2013; OI Neumann, Gregory/0000-0003-0644-9944; Soderblom, Jason/0000-0003-3715-6407; Collins, Gareth/0000-0002-6087-6149 FU NASA; French Space Agency (CNES); STFC [ST/N000803/1] FX The GRAIL mission is supported by the Discovery Program of NASA and is performed under contract to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Additional support for this work was provided by the French Space Agency (CNES). We gratefully acknowledge the developers of iSALE-2D, including Kai Wunnemann, Dirk Elbeshausen, Boris Ivanov, and Jay Melosh. G.S.C. was funded by STFC grant ST/N000803/1. The data used in this study are attached as supporting information and are also available upon request from the main author (Katarina. Miljkovic@curtin.edu.au). NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 1695 EP 1712 DI 10.1002/2016JE005038 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EC0MO UT WOS:000387795400007 ER PT J AU Fraeman, AA Ehlmann, BL Arvidson, RE Edwards, CS Grotzinger, JP Milliken, RE Quinn, DP Rice, MS AF Fraeman, A. A. Ehlmann, B. L. Arvidson, R. E. Edwards, C. S. Grotzinger, J. P. Milliken, R. E. Quinn, D. P. Rice, M. S. TI The stratigraphy and evolution of lower Mount Sharp from spectral, morphological, and thermophysical orbital data sets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; GALE CRATER; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; LANDING SITE; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; EARLY MARS; SULFATE; MINERALOGY; CONSTRAINTS AB We have developed a refined geologic map and stratigraphy for lower Mount Sharp using coordinated analyses of new spectral, thermophysical, and morphologic orbital data products. The Mount Sharp group consists of seven relatively planar units delineated by differences in texture, mineralogy, and thermophysical properties. These units are (1-3) three spatially adjacent units in the Murray formation which contain a variety of secondary phases and are distinguishable by thermal inertia and albedo differences, (4) a phyllosilicate-bearing unit, (5) a hematite-capped ridge unit, (6) a unit associated with material having a strongly sloped spectral signature at visible near-infrared wavelengths, and (7) a layered sulfate unit. The Siccar Point group consists of the Stimson formation and two additional units that unconformably overlie the Mount Sharp group. All Siccar Point group units are distinguished by higher thermal inertia values and record a period of substantial deposition and exhumation that followed the deposition and exhumation of the Mount Sharp group. Several spatially extensive silica deposits associated with veins and fractures show that late-stage silica enrichment within lower Mount Sharp was pervasive. At least two laterally extensive hematitic deposits are present at different stratigraphic intervals, and both are geometrically conformable with lower Mount Sharp strata. The occurrence of hematite at multiple stratigraphic horizons suggests redox interfaces were widespread in space and/or in time, and future measurements by the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover will provide further insights into the depositional settings of these and other mineral phases. C1 [Fraeman, A. A.; Ehlmann, B. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ehlmann, B. L.; Grotzinger, J. P.; Quinn, D. P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Arvidson, R. E.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Edwards, C. S.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Edwards, C. S.] Northern Univ Arizona, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Milliken, R. E.] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Rice, M. S.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Fraeman, AA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM abigail.a.fraeman@jpl.nasa.gov FU W.M. Keck Institution for Space Studies; Caltech; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the internal Research and Technology Development program; MSL Participating Scientist Program grant FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their careful reading and insight comments that improved the quality of this manuscript. Thanks to Lulu Pan for providing helpful advice on CRISM parameter mapping techniques, Ara Oshagan for assistance in generating the HiRISE color mosaic, Dawn Sumner for nomenclature guidance, and Kathryn Stack Morgan for fruitful discussions about orbital mapping interpretations and sharing her general knowledge of the Gale Crater geologic context. A.A.F. was partially supported by a W.M. Keck Institution for Space Studies Postdoctoral Fellowship and Caltech Geological and Planetary Sciences Texaco Postdoctoral Fellowship. A portion of this research was also carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and funded through the internal Research and Technology Development program. B.L.E. was partially supported by an MSL Participating Scientist Program grant. All raw data products supporting the conclusions of this work can be obtained from the NASA Planetary Data System (PDS). NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 1713 EP 1736 DI 10.1002/2016JE005095 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EC0MO UT WOS:000387795400008 PM 27867788 ER PT J AU Blewett, DT Stadermann, AC Susorney, HC Ernst, CM Xiao, ZY Chabot, NL Denevi, BW Murchie, SL McCubbin, FM Kinczyk, MJ Gillis-Davis, JJ Solomon, SC AF Blewett, David T. Stadermann, Amanda C. Susorney, Hannah C. Ernst, Carolyn M. Xiao, Zhiyong Chabot, Nancy L. Denevi, Brett W. Murchie, Scott L. McCubbin, Francis M. Kinczyk, Mallory J. Gillis-Davis, Jeffrey J. Solomon, Sean C. TI Analysis of MESSENGER high-resolution images of Mercury's hollows and implications for hollow formation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID LOW-REFLECTANCE MATERIAL; DUAL IMAGING-SYSTEM; IMPACT CRATERS; SURFACE VOLATILES; RAY SPECTROMETER; SULFUR; CARBON; MOON; EROS; STRATIGRAPHY AB High-resolution images from MESSENGER provide morphological information on the nature and origin of Mercury's hollows, small depressions that likely formed when a volatile constituent was lost from the surface. Because graphite may be a component of the low-reflectance material that hosts hollows, we suggest that loss of carbon by ion sputtering or conversion to methane by proton irradiation could contribute to hollows formation. Measurements of widespread hollows in 565 images with pixel scales <20m indicate that the average depth of hollows is 24 +/- 16m. We propose that hollows cease to increase in depth when a volatile-depleted lag deposit becomes sufficiently thick to protect the underlying surface. The difficulty of developing a lag on steep topography may account for the common occurrence of hollows on crater central peaks and walls. Disruption of the lag, e.g., by secondary cratering, could restart growth of hollows in a location that had been dormant. Images at extremely high resolution (similar to 3 m/pixel) show that the edges of hollows are straight, as expected if the margins formed by scarp retreat. These highest-resolution images reveal no superposed impact craters, implying that hollows are very young. The width of hollows within rayed crater Balanchine suggests that the maximum time for lateral growth by 1 cm is similar to 10,000 yr. A process other than entrainment of dust by gases evolved in a steady-state sublimation-like process is likely required to explain the high-reflectance haloes that surround many hollows. C1 [Blewett, David T.; Ernst, Carolyn M.; Chabot, Nancy L.; Denevi, Brett W.; Murchie, Scott L.; Kinczyk, Mallory J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Planetary Explorat Grp, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Stadermann, Amanda C.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Susorney, Hannah C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Xiao, Zhiyong] China Univ Geosci, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Xiao, Zhiyong] Univ Oslo, Ctr Earth Evolut & Dynam, Oslo, Norway. [McCubbin, Francis M.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Gillis-Davis, Jeffrey J.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Solomon, Sean C.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Solomon, Sean C.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DE USA. RP Blewett, DT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Planetary Explorat Grp, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM david.blewett@jhuapl.edu RI Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Denevi, Brett/I-6502-2012 OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Denevi, Brett/0000-0001-7837-6663 FU NASA [NAS5-97271, NASW-00002]; NASA MESSENGER Participating Scientist grant [NNX08AN29G]; NASA/APL; NASA FX We appreciate discussions on the physics of dust lofting with David Jewitt (University of California, Los Angeles). Helpful reviews from Rebecca Thomas (University of Colorado), an anonymous reviewer, and Editor David Baratoux led us to make key improvements to this paper. The MESSENGER project is supported by the NASA Discovery Program under contracts NAS5-97271 to The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) and NASW-00002 to the Carnegie Institution of Washington. D.T.B. is supported by NASA MESSENGER Participating Scientist grant NNX08AN29G. A.C.S. was supported by the NASA/APL internship program. F.M.M. acknowledges support from the NASA Solar System Workings Program. This work made use of the Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS), which is a product maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Center. MESSENGER data are available through the NASA Planetary Data System. Supporting information "2016JE005070-ds01.txt" gives the file names of the 882 high-resolution images that contain hollows along with latitude, longitude, and pixel scale. Supporting information "2016JE005070-ds02.txt" contains information for the 2518 individual depth measurements: file name, pixel scale, depth, latitude, and longitude. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 1798 EP 1813 DI 10.1002/2016JE005070 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EC0MO UT WOS:000387795400013 ER PT J AU Trammell, HJ Li, LM Jiang, X Pan, YF Smith, MA Bering, EA Horst, SM Vasavada, AR Ingersoll, AP Janssen, MA West, RA Porco, CC Li, C Simon, AA Baines, KH AF Trammell, Harold Justin Li, Liming Jiang, Xun Pan, Yefeng Smith, Mark A. Bering, Edgar A., III Horst, Sarah M. Vasavada, Ashwin R. Ingersoll, Andrew P. Janssen, Michael A. West, Robert A. Porco, Carolyn C. Li, Cheng Simon, Amy A. Baines, Kevin H. TI Vortices in Saturn's Northern Hemisphere (2008-2015) observed by Cassini ISS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; POLAR SPOT; THERMAL STRUCTURE; MOIST CONVECTION; IMAGING SCIENCE; CLOUD STRUCTURE; VOYAGER IMAGES; JUPITER; ATMOSPHERE; DYNAMICS AB We use observations from the Imaging Science Subsystem on Cassini to create maps of Saturn's Northern Hemisphere (NH) from 2008 to 2015, a time period including a seasonal transition (i.e., spring equinox in 2009) and the 2010 giant storm. The processed maps are used to investigate vortices in the NH during the period of 2008-2015. All recorded vortices have diameters (east-west) smaller than 6000km except for the largest vortex that developed from the 2010 giant storm. The largest vortex decreased its diameter from similar to 11,000 km in 2011 to similar to 5000 km in 2015, and its average diameter is similar to 6500 km during the period of 2011-2015. The largest vortex lasts at least 4 years, which is much longer than the lifetimes of most vortices (less than 1 year). The largest vortex drifts to north, which can be explained by the beta drift effect. The number of vortices displays varying behaviors in the meridional direction, in which the 2010 giant storm significantly affects the generation and development of vortices in the middle latitudes (25-45 degrees N). In the higher latitudes (45-90 degrees N), the number of vortices also displays strong temporal variations. The solar flux and the internal heat do not directly contribute to the vortex activities, leaving the temporal variations of vortices in the higher latitudes (45-90 degrees N) unexplained. C1 [Trammell, Harold Justin; Jiang, Xun] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Li, Liming; Pan, Yefeng; Bering, Edgar A., III] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Smith, Mark A.] Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX USA. [Horst, Sarah M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Vasavada, Ashwin R.; Janssen, Michael A.; West, Robert A.; Baines, Kevin H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Ingersoll, Andrew P.; Li, Cheng] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Porco, Carolyn C.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Simon, Amy A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Li, LM (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM lli7@central.uh.eduu RI Simon, Amy/C-8020-2012; Horst, Sarah/A-9906-2010 OI Simon, Amy/0000-0003-4641-6186; Horst, Sarah/0000-0003-4596-0702 FU NASA ROSES Cassini Data Analysis and Participating Scientists program; NASA ROSES Planetary Data Archiving, Restoration, and Tools program FX We gratefully acknowledge the Cassini ISS team for recording the raw data sets. We also acknowledge the support from the NASA ROSES Cassini Data Analysis and Participating Scientists program and Planetary Data Archiving, Restoration, and Tools program. Finally, we thank the two anonymous reviewers for providing their constructive suggestions to significantly improve the manuscript. We used the new Cassini data in 2015, which are not archived in the public Planetary Data System (PDS) (https://pds.nasa.gov) yet. The 2015 Cassini ISS raw data will be released by the Cassini ISS team and archived in the PDS in late 2016. We cannot archive the processed 2015 data before the release of the ISS raw data, so we plan to archive the data of the processed NH maps in the atmospheres node of PDS (http://atmos.pds.nasa.gov) in the beginning of 2017 or so. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 1814 EP 1826 DI 10.1002/2016JE005122 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EC0MO UT WOS:000387795400014 ER PT J AU Travinsky, A Vorobiev, D Ninkov, Z Raisanen, AD Pellish, J Robberto, M Heap, S AF Travinsky, Anton Vorobiev, Dmitry Ninkov, Zoran Raisanen, Alan D. Pellish, Jonny Robberto, Massimo Heap, Sara TI Effects of heavy ion radiation on digital micromirror device performance SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE digital micromirror device; digital micromirror device; digital micromirror array; multiobject spectrometer; multiple-object spectroscopy; heavy-ion radiation ID MULTIOBJECT SPECTROGRAPH; SPECTROMETER; SPECTROSCOPY; TELESCOPE AB There is a pressing need in the astronomical community for space-suitable multiobject spectrometers (MOSs). Several digital micromirror device (DMD)-based prototype MOSs have been developed for ground-based observatories; however, their main use will come with deployment on a space-based mission. Therefore, the performance of DMDs under exoatmospheric radiation needs to be evaluated. DMDs were rewindowed with 2-mu m thick pellicle and tested under accelerated heavy-ion radiation (control electronics shielded from radiation), with a focus on the detection of single-event effects (SEEs) including latch-up events. Testing showed that while DMDs are sensitive to nondestructive ion-induced state changes, all SEEs are cleared with a soft reset (i.e., sending a pattern to the device). The DMDs did not experience single-event induced permanent damage or functional changes that required a hard reset (power cycle), even at high ion fluences. This suggests that the SSE rate burden will be manageable for a DMD-based instrument when exposed to solar particle fluxes and cosmic rays in orbit. (C) 2016 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Travinsky, Anton; Vorobiev, Dmitry; Ninkov, Zoran] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Raisanen, Alan D.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Mfg & Mech Engn Technol, 78 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Pellish, Jonny; Heap, Sara] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Robberto, Massimo] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Travinsky, A (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM at4395@g.rit.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX14AI62G S01] FX This research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Grant No. NNX14AI62G S01. We thank Dr. Vladimir Horvat and Bruce Hyman from Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute for providing their prompt assistance during the testing and answering practical questions about the facility. We thank Michael Douglas and Benjamin Lee from Texas Instruments for productive discussions about DMD performance under extreme conditions. We are also thankful to Mike Buffalin and John "Sean" Greenslade from The Construct at RIT for sharing their expertise in rapid manufacturing and help in producing custom made parts for the test setup. Last but not least, we thank Emily Berkson from Rochester Institute of Technology for her help with the manuscript. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 55 IS 9 AR 094107 DI 10.1117/1.OE.55.9.094107 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA EC6FV UT WOS:000388232800037 ER PT J AU Ahnen, ML Ansoldi, S Antonelli, LA Antoranz, P Babic, A Banerjee, B Bangale, P de Almeida, UB Barrio, JA Gonzalez, JB Bednarek, W Bernardini, E Biasuzzi, B Bilandl, A Blanch, O Bonnefoy, S Bonnoli, G Borracci, F Bretz, T Buson, S Carosi, A Chatterjee, A Clavero, R Colin, P Colombo, E Contreras, JL Cortina, J Covino, S da Vela, P Dazzi, F De Angelis, A De Lotto, B Wilhelmi, ED Di Pierro, F Dominguez, A Prester, DD Dorner, D Doro, M Einecke, S Glawion, DE Elsaesser, D Fernandez-Barra, A Fidalgo, D Fonseca, MV Font, L Frantzen, K Fruck, C Galindo, D Lopez, RJG Garczarczyk, M Terrats, DG Gaug, M Giammaria, P Godinovic, N Munoz, AG Gora, D Guberman, D Hadasch, D Hahn, A Hanabata, Y Hayashida, M Herrera, J Hose, J Hrupec, D Hughes, G Idec, W Kodani, K Konno, Y Kubo, H Kushida, J La Barbera, A Lelas, D Lindfors, E Lombardi, S Longo, F Lopez, M Lopez-Coto, R Majumdar, P Makariev, M Manganaro, M Mannheim, K Maraschi, L Marcote, B Mariotti, M Martinez, M Mazin, D Menzel, U Miranda, JM Mirzoyan, R Moralejo, A Moretti, E Nakajima, D Neustroev, V Niedzwieckil, A Rosillo, MN Nilsson, K Nishijima, K Noda, K Nogues, L Orito, R Overkemping, A Paiano, S Palacio, J Palatiello, M Paneque, D Paoletti, R Paredes, JM Paredes-Fortuny, X Pedaletti, G Perri, L Persic, M Poutanen, J Moroni, PGP Prandini, E Puljak, I Rhode, W Ribo, M Rico, J Garcia, JR Saito, T Satalecka, K Schultz, C Schweizer, T Shore, SN Sillanpaa, A Sitarek, J Snidaric, I Sobczynska, D Stamerra, A Steinbring, T Strzys, M Takalo, L Takami, H Tavecchio, F Temnikov, P Terzic, T Tescaro, D Teshima, M Thaele, J Torres, DF Toyama, T Treves, A Verguilov, V Vovk, I Ward, JE Will, M Wu, MH Zanin, R Blinov, DA Chen, WP Efimova, NV Forne, E Grishina, TS Hovatta, T Jordan, B Kimeridze, GN Kopatskaya, EN Koptelova, E Kurtanidze, OM Kurtanidze, SO Lahteenmaki, A Larionov, VM Larionova, EG Larionova, LV Ligustri, R Lin, HC McBreen, B Morozova, DA Nikolashvili, MG Raiteri, CM Ros, JA Sadun, AC Sigua, LA Tornikoski, M Troitsky, IS Villata, M AF Ahnen, M. L. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L. A. Antoranz, P. Babic, A. Banerjee, B. Bangale, P. de Almeida, U. Barres Barrio, J. A. Gonzalez, J. Becerra Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Biasuzzi, B. Bilandl, A. Blanch, O. Bonnefoy, S. Bonnoli, G. Borracci, F. Bretz, T. Buson, S. Carosi, A. Chatterjee, A. Clavero, R. Colin, P. Colombo, E. Contreras, J. L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. da Vela, P. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. De Lotto, B. Wilhelmi, E. de Ona Di Pierro, F. Dominguez, A. Prester, D. Dominis Dorner, D. Doro, M. Einecke, S. Glawion, D. Eisenacher Elsaesser, D. Fernandez-Barral, A. Fidalgo, D. Fonseca, M. V. Font, L. Frantzen, K. Fruck, C. Galindo, D. Lopez, R. J. Garcia Garczarczyk, M. Terrats, D. Garrido Gaug, M. Giammaria, P. Godinovic, N. Munoz, A. Gonzalez Gora, D. Guberman, D. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hanabata, Y. Hayashida, M. Herrera, J. Hose, J. Hrupec, D. Hughes, G. Idec, W. Kodani, K. Konno, Y. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. La Barbera, A. Lelas, D. Lindfors, E. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. Lopez, M. Lopez-Coto, R. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Maraschi, L. Marcote, B. Mariotti, M. Martinez, M. Mazin, D. Menzel, U. Miranda, J. M. Mirzoyan, R. Moralejo, A. Moretti, E. Nakajima, D. Neustroev, V. Niedzwieckil, A. Rosillo, M. Nievas Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, K. Nogues, L. Orito, R. Overkemping, A. Paiano, S. Palacio, J. Palatiello, M. Paneque, D. Paoletti, R. Paredes, J. M. Paredes-Fortuny, X. Pedaletti, G. Perri, L. Persic, M. Poutanen, J. Moroni, P. G. Prada Prandini, E. Puljak, I. Rhode, W. Ribo, M. Rico, J. Garcia, J. Rodriguez Saito, T. Satalecka, K. Schultz, C. Schweizer, T. Shore, S. N. Sillanpaa, A. Sitarek, J. Snidaric, I. Sobczynska, D. Stamerra, A. Steinbring, T. Strzys, M. Takalo, L. Takami, H. Tavecchio, F. Temnikov, P. Terzic, T. Tescaro, D. Teshima, M. Thaele, J. Torres, D. F. Toyama, T. Treves, A. Verguilov, V. Vovk, I. Ward, J. E. Will, M. Wu, M. H. Zanin, R. Blinov, D. A. Chen, W. P. Efimova, N. V. Forne, E. Grishina, T. S. Hovatta, T. Jordan, B. Kimeridze, G. N. Kopatskaya, E. N. Koptelova, E. Kurtanidze, O. M. Kurtanidze, S. O. Lahteenmaki, A. Larionov, V. M. Larionova, E. G. Larionova, L. V. Ligustri, R. Lin, H. C. McBreen, B. Morozova, D. A. Nikolashvili, M. G. Raiteri, C. M. Ros, J. A. Sadun, A. C. Sigua, L. A. Tornikoski, M. Troitsky, I. S. Villata, M. CA Magic Collaboration TI Long-term multi-wavelength variability and correlation study of Markarian 421 from 2007 to 2009 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE astroparticle physics; BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 421; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID X-RAY; MAGIC TELESCOPES; MAJOR UPGRADE; TEV PHOTONS; CRAB-NEBULA; EMISSION; BLAZAR; RADIO; VIEW; PERFORMANCE AB Aims. We study the multi-band variability and correlations of the TeV blazar Mrk 421 on year timescales, which can bring additional insight on the processes responsible for its broadband emission. Methods. We observed Mrk 421 in the very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray range with the Cherenkov telescope MAGIC-I from March 2007 to June 2009 for a total of 96 h of effective time after quality cuts. The VHE flux variability is quantified using several methods, including the Bayesian Block algorithm, which is applied to data from Cherenkov telescopes here for the first time. The 2.3 yr long MAGIC light curve is complemented with data from the Swift/BAT and RXTE/ASM satellites and the KVA, GASP-WEBT, OVRO, and Metsahovi telescopes from February 2007 to July 2009, allowing for an excellent characterisation of the multi-band variability and correlations over year timescales. Results. Mrk 421 was found in different gamma-ray emission states during the 2.3 yr long observation period: The flux above 400 GeV spans from the minimum nightly value of (1.3 +/- 0.4) x 10(-11) cm(-2) s(-1) to the maximum flux, that is about 24 times higher, at (3.1 +/- 0.1) x 10(-10) cm(-2) s(-1). Flares and different levels of variability in the gamma-ray light curve could be identified with the Bayesian Block algorithm. The same behaviour of a quiet and active emission was found in the X-ray light curves measured by Swift/BAT and the RXTE/ASM, with a direct correlation in time. The behaviour of the optical light curve of GASP-WEBT and the radio light curves by OVRO and Metsahovi are different as they show no coincident features with the higher energetic light curves and a less variable emission. Overall, the fractional variability increases with energy. The comparable variability in the X-ray and VHE bands and their direct correlation during both high-and low-activity periods spanning many months show that the electron populations radiating the X-ray and gamma-ray photons are either the same, as expected in the synchrotron-self-Compton mechanism, or at least strongly correlated, as expected in electromagnetic cascades. C1 [Ahnen, M. L.; Bilandl, A.; Hughes, G.; Prandini, E.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Ansoldi, S.; Biasuzzi, B.; De Lotto, B.; Longo, F.; Palatiello, M.; Persic, M.; Treves, A.] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Ansoldi, S.; Biasuzzi, B.; De Lotto, B.; Longo, F.; Palatiello, M.; Persic, M.; Treves, A.] INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Antonelli, L. A.; Bonnoli, G.; Carosi, A.; Covino, S.; Di Pierro, F.; Giammaria, P.; La Barbera, A.; Lombardi, S.; Maraschi, L.; Perri, L.; Stamerra, A.; Tavecchio, F.] INAF Natl Inst Astrophys, I-00136 Rome, Italy. [Antoranz, P.; da Vela, P.; Miranda, J. M.; Paoletti, R.] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Antoranz, P.; da Vela, P.; Miranda, J. M.; Paoletti, R.] INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Babic, A.; Prester, D. Dominis; Godinovic, N.; Hrupec, D.; Lelas, D.; Puljak, I.; Snidaric, I.; Terzic, T.] Univ Split, Univ Rijeka, Rudjer Boskov Inst, Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Split, Croatia. [Babic, A.; Prester, D. Dominis; Godinovic, N.; Hrupec, D.; Lelas, D.; Puljak, I.; Snidaric, I.; Terzic, T.] Univ Zagreb, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. [Banerjee, B.; Chatterjee, A.; Majumdar, P.] Saha Inst Nucl Phys, 1-AF Bidhannagar,Sect 1, Kolkata 700064, India. [Bangale, P.; de Almeida, U. Barres; Borracci, F.; Colin, P.; Dazzi, F.; Fruck, C.; Hahn, A.; Hose, J.; Mazin, D.; Menzel, U.; Mirzoyan, R.; Moretti, E.; Noda, K.; Paneque, D.; Garcia, J. Rodriguez; Schweizer, T.; Strzys, M.; Teshima, M.; Toyama, T.; Vovk, I.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Barrio, J. A.; Bonnefoy, S.; Contreras, J. L.; Dominguez, A.; Fidalgo, D.; Fonseca, M. V.; Lopez, M.; Rosillo, M. Nievas] Univ Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Gonzalez, J. Becerra; Clavero, R.; Colombo, E.; Lopez, R. J. Garcia; Herrera, J.; Manganaro, M.; Will, M.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. [Gonzalez, J. Becerra; Clavero, R.; Colombo, E.; Lopez, R. J. Garcia; Herrera, J.; Manganaro, M.; Will, M.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife 38206, Spain. [Bednarek, W.; Idec, W.; Niedzwieckil, A.; Sitarek, J.; Sobczynska, D.] Univ Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland. [Bernardini, E.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gora, D.; Pedaletti, G.; Satalecka, K.] Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Blanch, O.; Cortina, J.; Fernandez-Barral, A.; Munoz, A. Gonzalez; Guberman, D.; Lopez-Coto, R.; Martinez, M.; Moralejo, A.; Nogues, L.; Palacio, J.; Rico, J.; Ward, J. E.] Campus UAB, Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Fis Altes Energies IFAE, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain. [Bretz, T.; Dorner, D.; Glawion, D. Eisenacher; Mannheim, K.; Steinbring, T.] Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Buson, S.; De Angelis, A.; Doro, M.; Mariotti, M.; Paiano, S.; Schultz, C.; Tescaro, D.] Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Buson, S.; De Angelis, A.; Doro, M.; Mariotti, M.; Paiano, S.; Schultz, C.; Tescaro, D.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Wilhelmi, E. de Ona; Wu, M. H.] CSIC IEEC, Inst Space Sci, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Einecke, S.; Elsaesser, D.; Frantzen, K.; Overkemping, A.; Rhode, W.; Thaele, J.] Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Font, L.; Terrats, D. Garrido; Gaug, M.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, Unitat Fis Radiat, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. [Font, L.; Terrats, D. Garrido; Gaug, M.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CERES IEEC, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. [Galindo, D.; Marcote, B.; Paredes, J. M.; Paredes-Fortuny, X.; Ribo, M.; Zanin, R.] Univ Barcelona, ICC, IEEC UB, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Hadasch, D.; Hanabata, Y.; Hayashida, M.; Kodani, K.; Konno, Y.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; Nakajima, D.; Nishijima, K.; Orito, R.; Saito, T.; Takami, H.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, ICRR, Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Hadasch, D.; Hanabata, Y.; Hayashida, M.; Kodani, K.; Konno, Y.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; Nakajima, D.; Nishijima, K.; Orito, R.; Saito, T.; Takami, H.] Univ Tokushima, Tokai Univ, Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr,KEK, Tokushima, Japan. [Lindfors, E.; Neustroev, V.; Nilsson, K.; Poutanen, J.; Sillanpaa, A.; Takalo, L.] Univ Turku, Tuorla Observ, Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Oulu 90014, Finland. [Lindfors, E.; Neustroev, V.; Nilsson, K.; Poutanen, J.; Sillanpaa, A.; Takalo, L.] Univ Oulu, Astron Div, Oulu 90014, Finland. [Makariev, M.; Temnikov, P.; Verguilov, V.] Inst Nucl Energy Res, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria. [Moroni, P. G. Prada; Shore, S. N.] Univ Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Moroni, P. G. Prada; Shore, S. N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Torres, D. F.] CSIC IEEC, Inst Space Sci, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [de Almeida, U. Barres] CBPF MCTI, 150 Urca, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gonzalez, J. Becerra] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gonzalez, J. Becerra] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gonzalez, J. Becerra] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bernardini, E.] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Bretz, T.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Mazin, D.; Teshima, M.] Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Kyoto, Japan. [Nilsson, K.] Finnish Ctr Astron ESO FINCA, Turku, Finland. [Persic, M.] INAF Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Prandini, E.] ISDC Sci Data Ctr Astrophys, CH-1290 Geneva, Switzerland. [Blinov, D. A.; Grishina, T. S.; Kopatskaya, E. N.; Larionov, V. M.; Larionova, E. G.; Larionova, L. V.; Morozova, D. A.; Troitsky, I. S.] St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. [Blinov, D. A.] Univ Crete, Iraklion, Greece. [Chen, W. P.; Koptelova, E.; Lin, H. C.] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Astron, 300 Zhongda Rd, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan. [Efimova, N. V.; Larionov, V. M.] Pulkovo Observ, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. [Forne, E.; Ros, J. A.] Agrupacio Astron Sabadell, Barcelona 08206, Spain. [Hovatta, T.; Lahteenmaki, A.; Tornikoski, M.] Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, Metsahovintie 114, Kylmala 02540, Finland. [Jordan, B.] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Sch Cosm Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Kimeridze, G. N.; Kurtanidze, O. M.; Kurtanidze, S. O.; Nikolashvili, M. G.; Sigua, L. A.] Abastumani Observ, GE-0301 Abastumani, Rep of Georgia. [Kurtanidze, O. M.] Kazan Fed Univ, Engelhardt Astron Observ, Tatarstan, Russia. [Lahteenmaki, A.] Aalto Univ, Dept Radio Sci & Engn, POB 3000, Aalto 00076, Finland. [Ligustri, R.] Circolo Astrofili Talmassons, Via Cadorna,57, I-33030 Talmassons, Italy. [McBreen, B.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Raiteri, C. M.; Villata, M.] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, TO, Italy. [Sadun, A. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Overkemping, A (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain.; Overkemping, A (reprint author), Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife 38206, Spain.; Tescaro, D (reprint author), Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy.; Tescaro, D (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy.; Manganaro, M (reprint author), Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. EM manganaro@iac.es; ann-kristin.overkemping@tu-dortmund.de; diego.tescaro@gmail.com RI Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; Manganaro, Marina/B-7657-2011; Miranda, Jose Miguel/F-2913-2013; Barrio, Juan/L-3227-2014; GAug, Markus/L-2340-2014; Cortina, Juan/C-2783-2017; Morozova, Daria/H-1298-2013; Puljak, Ivica/D-8917-2017; OI Larionov, Valeri/0000-0002-4640-4356; Moretti, Elena/0000-0001-5477-9097; Poutanen, Juri/0000-0002-0983-0049; Torres, Diego F./0000-0002-1522-9065; Prandini, Elisa/0000-0003-4502-9053; Manganaro, Marina/0000-0003-1530-3031; Miranda, Jose Miguel/0000-0002-1472-9690; Barrio, Juan/0000-0002-0965-0259; GAug, Markus/0000-0001-8442-7877; Cortina, Juan/0000-0003-4576-0452; Morozova, Daria/0000-0002-9407-7804; Blinov, Dmitry/0000-0003-0611-5784; Larionova, Elena/0000-0002-2471-6500; Grishina, Tatiana/0000-0002-3953-6676 FU German BMBF; German MPG; Italian INFN; Italian INAF; Swiss National Fund SNF; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO [FPA2012-39502]; Japanese JSPS; Japanese MEXT; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa of Spanish Consolider-Ingenio programme [SEV-2012-0234]; Academy of Finland [268740, 212656, 210338, 121148]; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project [09/176]; University of Rijeka [13.12.1.3.02]; DFG [SFB823/C4, SFB876/C3]; Polish MNiSzW grant [745/N-HESS-MAGIC/2010/0]; NASA [NNX08AW31G, NNX11A043G]; NFS [AST-0808050, AST-1109911]; Russian RFBR [15-02-00949]; St. Petersburg University [6.38.335.2015]; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation [FR/577/6-320/13]; CPAN Spanish Consolider-Ingenio programme [CSD2007-00042]; MultiDark project of the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio programme [CSD2009-00064] FX We would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2012-39502), and the Japanese JSPS and MEXT is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa SEV-2012-0234, CPAN CSD2007-00042, and MultiDark CSD2009-00064 projects of the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio 2010 programme, by grant 268740 of the Academy of Finland, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project 09/176 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, and by the Polish MNiSzW grant 745/N-HESS-MAGIC/2010/0. The public data archives of Swift/BAT and RXTE/ASM are acknowledged. We thank the OVRO telescope for making its results available for the public. The OVRO 40 m monitoring program is supported in part by NASA grants NNX08AW31G and NNX11A043G, and NFS grants AST-0808050 and AST-1109911. We also thank the KVA and Metsahovi telescopes for making their light curves available. M. Villata organized the optical-to-radio observations by GASP-WEBT as the president of the collaboration. The Metsahovi team acknowledges the support from the Academy of Finland to our observing projects (numbers 212656, 210338, 121148, and others). St. Petersburg University team acknowledges support from Russian RFBR grant 15-02-00949 and St. Petersburg University research grant 6.38.335.2015. The Abastumani Observatory team acknowledges financial support by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation under contract FR/577/6-320/13. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 593 AR A91 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201628447 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4HU UT WOS:000385820100071 ER PT J AU Asensio-Torres, R Janson, M Hashimoto, J Thalmann, C Currie, T Buenzli, E Kudo, T Kuzuhara, M Kusakabe, N Abe, L Akiyama, E Brandner, W Brandt, TD Carson, J Egner, S Feldt, M Goto, M Grady, C Guyon, O Hayano, Y Hayashi, M Hayashi, S Henning, T Hodapp, K Ishii, M Iye, M Kandori, R Knapp, G Kwon, J Matsuo, T McElwain, M Mayama, S Miyama, S Morino, J Moro-Martin, A Nishimura, T Pyo, T Serabyn, E Suenaga, T Suto, H Suzuki, R Takahashi, Y Takami, M Takato, N Terada, H Turner, E Watanabe, M Wisniewski, J Yamada, T Takami, H Usuda, T Tamura, M AF Asensio-Torres, R. Janson, M. Hashimoto, J. Thalmann, C. Currie, T. Buenzli, E. Kudo, T. Kuzuhara, M. Kusakabe, N. Abe, L. Akiyama, E. Brandner, W. Brandt, T. D. Carson, J. Egner, S. Feldt, M. Goto, M. Grady, C. Guyon, O. Hayano, Y. Hayashi, M. Hayashi, S. Henning, T. Hodapp, K. Ishii, M. Iye, M. Kandori, R. Knapp, G. Kwon, J. Matsuo, T. McElwain, M. Mayama, S. Miyama, S. Morino, J. Moro-Martin, A. Nishimura, T. Pyo, T. Serabyn, E. Suenaga, T. Suto, H. Suzuki, R. Takahashi, Y. Takami, M. Takato, N. Terada, H. Turner, E. Watanabe, M. Wisniewski, J. Yamada, T. Takami, H. Usuda, T. Tamura, M. TI Polarimetry and flux distribution in the debris disk around HD 32297 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE protoplanetary disks; techniques: high angular resolution; stars: individual: HD 32297 ID CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; IMAGING POLARIMETRY; PROTOPLANETARY DISK; HR 4796A; HD-32297; DISCOVERY; IMAGES; DUST; SUBTRACTION; EXOPLANETS AB We present high-contrast angular differential imaging (ADI) observations of the debris disk around HD32297 in H-band, as well as the first polarimetric images for this system in polarized differential imaging (PDI) mode with Subaru/HICIAO. In ADI, we detect the nearly edge-on disk at > 5 sigma levels from similar to 0.45 '' to similar to 1.7 '' (50-192AU) from the star and recover the spine deviation from the midplane already found in previous works. We also find for the first time imaging and surface brightness (SB) indications for the presence of a gapped structure on both sides of the disk at distances of similar to 0.75 '' (NE side) and similar to 0.65 '' (SW side). Global forward-modelling work delivers a best-fit model disk and well-fitting parameter intervals that essentially match previous results, with high-forward scattering grains and a ring located at 110AU. However, this single ring model cannot account for the gapped structure seen in our SB profiles. We create simple double ring models and achieve a satisfactory fit with two rings located at 60 and 95AU, respectively, low-forward scattering grains and very sharp inner slopes. In polarized light we retrieve the disk extending from similar to 0.25-1.6 '', although the central region is quite noisy and high S/N are only found in the range similar to 0.75-1.2 ''. The disk is polarized in the azimuthal direction, as expected, and the departure from the midplane is also clearly observed. Evidence for a gapped scenario is not found in the PDI data. We obtain a linear polarization degree of the grains that increases from similar to 10% at 0.55 '' to similar to 25% at 1.6 ''. The maximum is found at scattering angles of similar to 90 degrees, either from the main components of the disk or from dust grains blown out to larger radii. C1 [Asensio-Torres, R.; Janson, M.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Hashimoto, J.; Kusakabe, N.] NINS, Astrobiol Ctr, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Thalmann, C.; Buenzli, E.] ETH, Inst Astron, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Currie, T.; Kudo, T.; Egner, S.; Guyon, O.; Hayano, Y.; Hayashi, S.; Nishimura, T.; Pyo, T.; Takato, N.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Kuzuhara, M.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Abe, L.] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Lab Lagrange UMR 7293, CNRS, Observ Cote Azur, F-06108 Nice 2, France. [Akiyama, E.; Hayashi, M.; Ishii, M.; Iye, M.; Kandori, R.; Morino, J.; Suto, H.; Suzuki, R.; Takahashi, Y.; Terada, H.; Takami, H.; Usuda, T.; Tamura, M.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Brandner, W.; Carson, J.; Henning, T.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Brandt, T. D.; Feldt, M.] Inst Adv Study, Dept Astrophys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Carson, J.] Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Goto, M.] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Univ Sternwarte Munchen, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Grady, C.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Grady, C.] Eureka Sci, Oakland, CA 96002 USA. [Grady, C.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Ctr Astrobiol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hodapp, K.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Knapp, G.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kwon, J.; Tamura, M.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Matsuo, T.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Mayama, S.] Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Ctr Promot Integrated Sci, Hayama, Kanagawa 2400193, Japan. [Miyama, S.] Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398511, Japan. [Moro-Martin, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Moro-Martin, A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Serabyn, E.; Turner, E.] Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Suenaga, T.] Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Dept Astron Sci, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Takami, M.] Acad Sin, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Watanabe, M.] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Cosmosci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Wisniewski, J.] Univ Oklahoma, HL Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yamada, T.] Tohoku Univ, Astron Inst, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RP Asensio-Torres, R (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM ruben.torres@astro.su.se; markus.janson@astro.su.se RI MIYAMA, Shoken/A-3598-2015; OI Feldt, Markus/0000-0002-4188-5242 FU Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation; US National Science Foundation [1009203] FX We would like to thank J.C. Augereau for providing the GraTeR code used to create our disk models. R. Asensio-Torres and M. Janson gratefully acknowledge funding from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation. J. Carson acknowledges support via the US National Science Foundation under Award No. 1009203. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 593 AR A73 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201628543 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4HU UT WOS:000385820100081 ER PT J AU Drouart, G Rocca-Volmerange, B De Breuck, C Fioc, M Lehnert, M Seymour, N Stern, D Vernet, J AF Drouart, G. Rocca-Volmerange, B. De Breuck, C. Fioc, M. Lehnert, M. Seymour, N. Stern, D. Vernet, J. TI Disentangling star formation and AGN activity in powerful infrared luminous radio galaxies at 1 < z < 4 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: star formation; quasars: general; galaxies: starburst ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; BLACK-HOLE ACCRETION; DEEP FIELD SOUTH; SIMILAR-TO 2; HIGH-REDSHIFT; GALACTIC NUCLEI; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; STELLAR POPULATIONS; STARBURST GALAXIES AB High-redshift radio galaxies present signs of both star formation and AGN activity, making them ideal candidates to investigate the connection and coevolution of AGN and star formation in the progenitors of present-day massive galaxies. We make use of a sample of 11 powerful radio galaxies spanning 1 < z < 4 which have complete coverage of their spectral energy distribution (SED) from UV to FIR wavelengths. Using Herschel data, we disentangle the relative contribution of the AGN and star formation by combining the galaxy evolution code PEGASE.3 with an AGN torus model. We find that three components are necessary to reproduce the observed SEDs: an evolved and massive stellar component, a submm bright young starburst, and an AGN torus. We find that powerful radio galaxies form at very high-redshift, but experience episodic and important growth at 1 < z < 4 as the mass of the associated starburst varies from 5 to 50% of the total mass of the system. The properties of star formation differ from source to source, indicating no general trend of the star formation properties in the most infrared luminous high-redshift radio galaxies and no correlation with the AGN bolometric luminosity. Moreover, we find that AGN scattered light have a very limited impact on broad-band SED fitting on our sample. Finally, our analysis also suggests a wide range in origins for the observed star formation, which we partially constrain for some sources. C1 [Drouart, G.] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Onsala Space Observ, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden. [Drouart, G.; Seymour, N.] Curtin Univ, Int Ctr Radio Astron Res, Perth, WA, Australia. [Drouart, G.; Rocca-Volmerange, B.; Fioc, M.; Lehnert, M.] Inst Astrophys Paris, 98bis Blvd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France. [De Breuck, C.; Vernet, J.] European Southern Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Stern, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 169-221, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Drouart, G (reprint author), Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Onsala Space Observ, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden.; Drouart, G (reprint author), Curtin Univ, Int Ctr Radio Astron Res, Perth, WA, Australia.; Drouart, G (reprint author), Inst Astrophys Paris, 98bis Blvd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France. EM guillaume.drouart@curtin.edu.au FU ARC; NASA; ESO scientific visitor programme FX G.D. would like to warmly thank Alessandro Romeo, Kirsten Knudsen, and Clive Tadhunter for the useful discussions that contributed to improve this paper. The authors also thank the referee for detailed suggestions and a thorough report that helped to clarify this paper. G.D. also thanks Nina Hatch for providing HST fluxes for the Spiderweb galaxy and A. Galametz for providing images for part of the sample. G.D. thanks Philip Best for providing the 3C 368 and 3C 470 data. N.S. is the recipient of an ARC Future Fellowship. The work of DS was carried out at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, and obtained from the Hubble Legacy Archive, which is a collaboration between the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI/NASA), the Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility (ST-ECF/ESA) and the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre (CADC/NRC/CSA). GD acknowledges the support from the ESO scientific visitor programme. NR 161 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 593 AR A109 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201526880 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4HU UT WOS:000385820100015 ER PT J AU El-Marry, MR Thomas, N Gracia-Berna, A Pajola, M Lee, JC Massironi, M Davidsson, B Marchi, S Keller, HU Hviid, SF Besse, S Sierks, H Barbieri, C Lamy, PL Koschny, D Rickman, H Rodrigo, R A'Hearn, MF Auger, AT Barucci, MA Bertaux, JL Bertini, I Bodewits, D Gremonese, G Deppo, V Cecco, M Dehei, S Guttler, C Fornasier, S Fulle, M Giacomini, L Groussin, O Gutierrez, PJ Ip, WH Jorda, L Knollenberg, J Kovacs, G Kramm, JR Kuhrt, E Kuppers, M Lara, LM Lazzarin, M Moreno, JJL Marschall, R Marzari, F Naletto, G Oklay, N Pommerol, A Preusker, F Scholten, F Tubiana, C Vincent, JB AF El-Marry, M. R. Thomas, N. Gracia-Berna, A. Pajola, M. Lee, J. -C. Massironi, M. Davidsson, B. Marchi, S. Keller, H. U. Hviid, S. F. Besse, S. Sierks, H. Barbieri, C. Lamy, P. L. Koschny, D. Rickman, H. Rodrigo, R. A'Hearn, M. F. Auger, A. -T. Barucci, M. A. Bertaux, J. -L. Bertini, I. Bodewits, D. Gremonese, G. Da Deppo, V. De Cecco, M. Dehei, S. Guettler, C. Fornasier, S. Fulle, M. Giacomini, L. Groussin, O. Gutierrez, P. J. Ip, W. -H Jorda, L. Knollenberg, J. Kovacs, G. Kramm, J. -R. Kuehrt, E. Kueppers, M. Lara, L. M. Lazzarin, M. Moreno, J. J. Lopez Marschall, R. Marzari, F. Naletto, G. Oklay, N. Pommerol, A. Preusker, F. Scholten, F. Tubiana, C. Vincent, J. -B. TI Regional surface morphology of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from Rosetta/OSIRIS images: The southern hemisphere SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE comets: general; comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko; methods: observational ID NUCLEUS; OSIRIS; 67P AB Aims. The OSIRIS camera on board the Rosetta spacecraft has been acquiring images of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P)'s nucleus since August 2014. Starting in May 2015, the southern hemisphere gradually became illuminated and was imaged for the first time. Here we present the regional morphology of the southern hemisphere, which serves as a companion to an earlier paper that presented the regional morphology of the northern hemisphere. Methods. We used OSIRIS images that were acquired at orbits similar to 45-125 km from the center of the comet (corresponding to spatial resolutions of similar to 0.8 to 2.3 m/pixel) coupled with the use of digital terrain models to define the different regions on the surface, and identify structural boundaries accurately. Results. Seven regions have been defined in the southern hemisphere bringing the total number of defined regions on the surface of the nucleus to 26. These classifications are mainly based on morphological and/or topographic boundaries. The southern hemisphere shows a remarkable dichotomy with its northern counterpart mainly because of the absence of wide-scale smooth terrains, dust coatings and large unambiguous depressions. As a result, the southern hemisphere closely resembles previously identified consolidated regions. An assessment of the overall morphology of comet 67P suggests that the comet's two lobes show surface heterogeneities manifested in different physical/mechanical characteristics, possibly extending to local (i.e., within a single region) scales. C1 [El-Marry, M. R.; Thomas, N.; Gracia-Berna, A.; Pommerol, A.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Pajola, M.] Univ Padua, Ctr Ateneo Studied Attivita Spaziali Giuseppe Col, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Lee, J. -C.] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Massironi, M.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Geosci, Via G Gradenigo 6, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Davidsson, B.] Jet Prop Lab, M S 183-301,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Marchi, S.] Southwest Res Inst, Solar Syst Explorat Res Virtual Inst, 1050 Walnut St,Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Keller, H. U.] TU Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Hviid, S. F.; Preusker, F.; Scholten, F.] Inst Planetenforsch, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Besse, S.; Koschny, D.] European Space Agcy, Sci Support Off, NL-2201 Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Sierks, H.; Guettler, C.; Kovacs, G.; Kramm, J. -R.; Oklay, N.; Tubiana, C.; Vincent, J. -B.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensystemforsch, Justus von Liebig Weg 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Barbieri, C.; Gremonese, G.; Lazzarin, M.; Marzari, F.] INAF Osservatorio Astrono, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Lamy, P. L.; Auger, A. -T.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, 38 Rue Frederic Joliot Curie, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Rodrigo, R.] Int Space Sci Inst, Hallerstr 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Rickman, H.; Rodrigo, R.] CSIC INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, Madrid 28850, Spain. [Rickman, H.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. PAS Space Res Ctr, Bartycka 18A, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [A'Hearn, M. F.; Bodewits, D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Barucci, M. A.] Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Obs Paris,LESIA, 5 Pl J Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Bertaux, J. -L.] CNRS UVSQ IPSL, LATMOS, 11 Blvd Alembert, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. [Bertini, I.] Univ Padua, Ctr Ateneo Studied Attivita Spaziali Giuseppe Col, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Da Deppo, V.] CNR IFN UOS Padova LUXOR, Via Trasea 7, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [De Cecco, M.] Univ Trento, UNITN, Via Mesiano 77, I-38100 Trento, Italy. [Dehei, S.] Univ Padua, Dept Mech Engn, Via Venezia 1, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Fulle, M.] INAF Osservatorio Astron, Via Tiepolo 11, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Gutierrez, P. J.; Lara, L. M.; Moreno, J. J. Lopez] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, C Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Ip, W. -H] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Astron, 300 Chung Da Rd, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Jorda, L.] Lab Astrophys Marseille, 38 Rue Frederic Joliot Curie, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Kueppers, M.] European Space Astron Ctr ESA, Sci Support Off, POB 78, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Naletto, G.] Univ Padua, Dept Informat Engn, Via Gradenigo 6-B, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP El-Marry, MR (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM mohammed.elmaarry@space.unibe.ch RI Naletto, Giampiero/S-6329-2016; Gutierrez, Pedro/K-9637-2014; OI Naletto, Giampiero/0000-0003-2007-3138; Gutierrez, Pedro/0000-0002-7332-6269; fulle, marco/0000-0001-8435-5287; Massironi, Matteo/0000-0002-7757-8818 FU Germany (DLR); France (CNES); Italy (ASI); Spain (MEC); Sweden (SNSB); ESA Technical Directorate; Rosetta mission FX OSIRIS was built by a consortium of the Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung, in Gottingen, Germany, CISAS-University of Padova, Italy, the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, France, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, CSIC, Granada, Spain, the Research and Scientific Support Department of the European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, the Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain, the Universidad Politechnica de Madrid, Spain, the Department of Physics and Astronomy of Uppsala University, Sweden, and the Institut fur Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze der Technischen Universitat Braunschweig, Germany. The support of the national funding agencies of Germany (DLR), France (CNES), Italy (ASI), Spain (MEC), Sweden (SNSB), and the ESA Technical Directorate is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the ESA teams at ESAC, ESOC and ESTEC for their work in support of the Rosetta mission. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 593 AR A110 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201628634 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4HU UT WOS:000385820100095 ER PT J AU Luna, M Diaz, AJ Oliver, R Terradas, J Karpen, J AF Luna, M. Diaz, A. J. Oliver, R. Terradas, J. Karpen, J. TI The effects of magnetic-field geometry on longitudinal oscillations of solar prominences: Cross-sectional area variation for thin tubes SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: filaments, prominences; Sun: oscillations; Sun: magnetic fields ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC WAVES; FILAMENT; MODEL AB Context. Solar prominences are subject to both field-aligned (longitudinal) and transverse oscillatory motions, as evidenced by an increasing number of observations. Large-amplitude longitudinal motions provide valuable information on the geometry of the filament-channel magnetic structure that supports the cool prominence plasma against gravity. Our pendulum model, in which the restoring force is the gravity projected along the dipped field lines of the magnetic structure, best explains these oscillations. However, several factors can influence the longitudinal oscillations, potentially invalidating the pendulum model. Aims. The aim of this work is to study the influence of large-scale variations in the magnetic field strength along the field lines, i.e., variations of the cross-sectional area along the flux tubes supporting prominence threads. Methods. We studied the normal modes of several flux tube configurations, using linear perturbation analysis, to assess the influence of different geometrical parameters on the oscillation properties. Results. We found that the influence of the symmetric and asymmetric expansion factors on longitudinal oscillations is small. Conclusions. We conclude that the longitudinal oscillations are not significantly influenced by variations of the cross-section of the flux tubes, validating the pendulum model in this context. C1 [Luna, M.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38205, Spain. [Luna, M.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [Diaz, A. J.; Oliver, R.; Terradas, J.] Univ Illes Balears, Dept Fis, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain. [Oliver, R.; Terradas, J.] Inst Appl Comp & Community Code IAC3, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain. [Karpen, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Luna, M (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38205, Spain.; Luna, M (reprint author), Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. EM mluna@iac.es FU Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [AYA2011-24808, AYA2010-18029, AYA2014-55078-P]; FP7 European Research Council [277829]; Spanish "Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia"; MINECO; FEDER [AYA2014-54485-P]; International Space Science Institute (ISSI) [314] FX M. Luna acknowledges the support by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through projects AYA2011-24808, AYA2010-18029, and AYA2014-55078-P. This work contributes to the deliverables identified in FP7 European Research Council grant agreement 277829, "Magnetic Connectivity through the Solar Partially Ionized Atmosphere" (PI: E. Khomenko). J.T. acknowledges support from the Spanish "Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia" through a Ramon y Cajal grant and support from MINECO and FEDER funds through project AYA2014-54485-P. M.L., J.T., and J.K. acknowledge support from the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) to the Team 314 on "Large-Amplitude Oscillation in prominences" led by M. Luna. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 593 AR A64 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201628845 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4HU UT WOS:000385820100124 ER PT J AU Montesinos, B Eiroa, C Krivov, AV Marshall, JP Pilbratt, GL Liseau, R Mora, A Maldonado, J Wolf, S Ertel, S Bayo, A Augereau, JC Heras, AM Fridlund, M Danchi, WC Solano, E Kirchschlager, F del Burgo, C Montes, D AF Montesinos, B. Eiroa, C. Krivov, A. V. Marshall, J. P. Pilbratt, G. L. Liseau, R. Mora, A. Maldonado, J. Wolf, S. Ertel, S. Bayo, A. Augereau, J. -C. Heras, A. M. Fridlund, M. Danchi, W. C. Solano, E. Kirchschlager, F. del Burgo, C. Montes, D. TI Incidence of debris discs around FGK stars in the solar neighbourhood SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: late-type; circumstellar matter; protoplanetary disks; infrared: stars ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; CA-II H; ABSOLUTE FLUX CALIBRATION; SUN-LIKE STARS; NEARBY STARS; BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS; PLANET-SEARCH; FIELD STARS; HOST STARS; COOL STARS AB Context. Debris discs are a consequence of the planet formation process and constitute the fingerprints of planetesimal systems. Their counterparts in the solar system are the asteroid and Edgeworth-Kuiper belts. Aims. The aim of this paper is to provide robust numbers for the incidence of debris discs around FGK stars in the solar neighbourhood. Methods. The full sample of 177 FGK stars with d <= 20 pc proposed for the DUst around NEarby Stars (DUNES) survey is presented. Herschel/PACS observations at 100 and 160 mu m were obtained, and were complemented in some cases with data at 70 mu m and at 250, 350, and 500 mu m SPIRE photometry. The 123 objects observed by the DUNES collaboration were presented in a previous paper. The remaining 54 stars, shared with the Disc Emission via a Bias-free Reconnaissance in IR and Sub-mm (DEBRIS) consortium and observed by them, and the combined full sample are studied in this paper. The incidence of debris discs per spectral type is analysed and put into context together with other parameters of the sample, like metallicity, rotation and activity, and age. Results. The subsample of 105 stars with d <= 15 pc containing 23 F, 33 G, and 49 K stars is complete for F stars, almost complete for G stars, and contains a substantial number of K stars from which we draw solid conclusions on objects of this spectral type. The incidence rates of debris discs per spectral type are 0.26(-0.14)(+0.21) (6 objects with excesses out of 23 F stars), 0.21(-0.11)(+0.17) (7 out of 33 G stars), and 0.20(-0.09)(+0.14) (10 out of 49 K stars); the fraction for all three spectral types together is 0.22(-0.07)(+0.08) (23 out of 105 stars). The uncertainties correspond to a 95% confidence level. The medians of the upper limits of L-dust/L-* for each spectral type are 7.8 x 10(-7) (F), 1.4 x 10(-6) (G), and 2.2 x 10(-6) (K); the lowest values are around 4.0 x 10(-7). The incidence of debris discs is similar for active (young) and inactive (old) stars. The fractional luminosity tends to drop with increasing age, as expected from collisional erosion of the debris belts. C1 [Montesinos, B.; Solano, E.] CSIC INTA, Ctr Astrobiol CAB, Dept Astrofis, ESAC Campus,Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692, Spain. [Eiroa, C.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Teor, Modulo 15,Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Montesinos, B.; Eiroa, C.] UAM, Unidad Asociada CAB, Madrid, Spain. [Krivov, A. V.] Univ Jena, Astrophys Inst & Univ, Schillergasschen 2-3, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Marshall, J. P.] UNSW Australia, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Marshall, J. P.] UNSW Australia, Australian Ctr Astrobiol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Pilbratt, G. L.; Heras, A. M.] European Space Res & Technol Ctr ESTEC SCIS, Sci Support Off, Directorate Sci, ESA, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Liseau, R.; Fridlund, M.] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Onsala Space Observ, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden. [Mora, A.] ESA ESAC Gaia SOC, POB 78, Madrid 28691, Spain. INAF, Osservatorio Astron Palermo, Piazza Parlamento 1, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. [Wolf, S.; Kirchschlager, F.] Univ Kiel, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, Leibnizstr 15, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Ertel, S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Steward Observ, 933 North Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bayo, A.] Univ Valparaiso, Fac Ciencias, Inst Fis & Astron, Av Gran Bretana 1111,5030 Casilla, Valparaiso, Chile. [Bayo, A.] Univ Valparaiso, ICM Nucleus Protoplanetary Disks, Av Gran Bretana 1111, Valparaiso 2360102, Chile. [Augereau, J. -C.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Augereau, J. -C.] CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Fridlund, M.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Danchi, W. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Solano, E.] CSIC INTA, Ctr Astrobiol CAB, Spanish Virtual Observ, ESAC Campus,Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692, Spain. [del Burgo, C.] Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Puebla, Mexico. [Montes, D.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Astrofis, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Montesinos, B (reprint author), CSIC INTA, Ctr Astrobiol CAB, Dept Astrofis, ESAC Campus,Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692, Spain.; Montesinos, B (reprint author), UAM, Unidad Asociada CAB, Madrid, Spain. EM benjamin.montesinos@cab.inta-csic.es RI Solano, Enrique/C-2895-2017; Montesinos, Benjamin/C-3493-2017; OI Montesinos, Benjamin/0000-0002-7982-2095; Montes, David/0000-0002-7779-238X FU Spanish grant [AYA2013-45347-P]; DFG [KR 2164/13-1, KR 2164/15-1, WO 857/151]; UNSW Vice-Chancellor's postdoctoral fellowship; Proyecto Fondecyt de Iniciacion [11140572]; PNP; CNES; Mexican CONACyT [CB-2012-183007]; [AYA2011-26202] FX The authors are grateful to the referee for the careful revision of the original manuscript, and for the comments and suggestions. We also thank Francisco Galindo, Mauro Lopez del Fresno, and Pablo Riviere for their valuable help. B. Montesinos and C. Eiroa are supported by Spanish grant AYA2013-45347-P; they and J.P. Marshall and J. Maldonado were supported by grant AYA2011-26202. A.V. Krivov acknowledges the DFG support under contracts KR 2164/13-1 and KR 2164/15-1. J.P. Marshall is supported by a UNSW Vice-Chancellor's postdoctoral fellowship. R. Liseau thanks the Swedish National Space Board for its continued support. A. Bayo acknowledges financial support from the Proyecto Fondecyt de Iniciacion 11140572 and scientific support from the Millenium Science Initiative, Chilean Ministry of Economy, Nucleus RC130007. J.-C. Augereau acknowledges support from PNP and CNES. F. Kirchschlager thanks the DFG for finantial support under contract WO 857/151. C. del Burgo has been supported by Mexican CONACyT research grant CB-2012-183007. NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 593 AR A51 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201628329 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4HU UT WOS:000385820100058 ER PT J AU Muller, C Burd, PR Schulz, R Coppejans, R Falcke, H Intema, H Kadler, M Krauss, F Ojha, R AF Mueller, C. Burd, P. R. Schulz, R. Coppejans, R. Falcke, H. Intema, H. Kadler, M. Krauss, F. Ojha, R. TI The MHz-peaked radio spectrum of the unusual gamma-ray source PMNJ1603-4904 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Letter DE galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; galaxies: individual: PMN J1603-4904 ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; COMPACT STEEP-SPECTRUM; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; FREE-FREE ABSORPTION; SOURCE CATALOG; SYMMETRIC OBJECTS; EVOLUTION; YOUNG; EMISSION; GALAXIES AB Context. The majority of bright extragalactic gamma-ray sources are blazars. Only a few radio galaxies have been detected by Fermi/LAT. Recently, the GHz-peaked spectrum source PKS 1718-649 was confirmed to be gamma-ray bright, providing further evidence for the existence of a population of gamma-ray loud, compact radio galaxies. A spectral turnover in the radio spectrum in the MHz to GHz range is a characteristic feature of these objects, which are thought to be young due to their small linear sizes. The multiwavelength properties of the gamma-ray source PMNJ1603-4904 suggest that it is a member of this source class. Aims. The known radio spectrum of PMNJ1603-4904 can be described by a power law above 1 GHz. Using observations from the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) at 150, 325, and 610 MHz, we investigate the behavior of the spectrum at lower frequencies to search for a low-frequency turnover. Methods. Data from the TIFR GMRT Sky Survey (TGSS ADR) catalog and archival GMRT observations were used to construct the first MHz to GHz spectrum of PMNJ1603-4904. Results. We detect a low-frequency turnover of the spectrum and measure the peak position at about 490 MHz (rest-frame), which, using the known relation of peak frequency and linear size, translates into a maximum linear source size of similar to 1.4 kpc. Conclusions. The detection of the MHz peak indicates that PMNJ1603-4904 is part of this population of radio galaxies with turnover frequencies in the MHz to GHz regime. Therefore it can be considered the second confirmed object of this kind detected in gamma-rays. Establishing this gamma-ray source class will help to investigate the gamma-ray production sites and to test broadband emission models. C1 [Mueller, C.; Coppejans, R.; Falcke, H.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys IMAPP, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Burd, P. R.; Kadler, M.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, Hubland, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Schulz, R.] ASTRON, Netherlands Inst Radio Astron, Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Intema, H.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands. [Krauss, F.] Univ Amsterdam, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Krauss, F.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Ojha, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ojha, R.] CRESST Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Ojha, R.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Muller, C (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys IMAPP, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM cmueller@astro.ru.nl NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 593 AR L19 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201629547 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4HU UT WOS:000385820100159 ER PT J AU Werner, K Rauch, T Kruk, JW AF Werner, K. Rauch, T. Kruk, J. W. TI The far-ultraviolet spectra of two hot PG1159 stars SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: abundances; stars: atmospheres; stars: evolution; stars: AGB and post-AGB; white dwarfs ID PRE-WHITE-DWARFS; TO-OXYGEN RATIO; POST-AGB STARS; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; ATOMIC DATABASE; IRON ABUNDANCE; LINES; SPECTROSCOPY; MODEL AB PG 115(stars are hot, hydrogen-deficient (pre-) white dwarfs with atmospheres mainly composed of helium, carbon, and oxygen. The unusual surface chemistry is the result of a late helium-shell flash. Observed element abundances enable us to test stellar evolution models quantitatively with respect to their nucleosynthesis products formed near the helium-burning shell of the progenitor asymptotic giant branch stars. Because of the high effective temperatures (T-eff), abundance determinations require ultraviolet spectroscopy and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium model atmosphere analyses. Up to now, we have presented results for the prototype of this spectral class and two cooler members (T-eff in the range 85 000-140 000 K). Here we report on the results for two even hotter stars (PG 1520 + 525 and PG 1144 + 005, both with T-eff = 150 000 K) which are the only two objects in this temperature-gravity region for which useful far-ultraviolet spectra are available, and revisit the prototype star. Previous results on the abundances of some species are confirmed, while results on others (Si, P, S) are revised. In particular, a solar abundance of sulphur is measured in contrast to earlier claims of a strong S deficiency that contradicted stellar evolution models. For the first time, we assess the abundances of Na, Al, and Cl with newly constructed non-LTE model atoms. Besides the main constituents (He, C, O), we determine the abundances (or upper limits) of N, F, Ne, Na, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, and Fe. Generally, good agreement with stellar models is found. C1 [Werner, K.; Rauch, T.] Univ Tubingen, Kepler Ctr Astro & Particle Phys, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Kruk, J. W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Werner, K (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Kepler Ctr Astro & Particle Phys, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. EM werner@astro.uni-tuebingen.de FU German Aerospace Center (DLR) [50 OR 1507] FX We thank Amanda Karakas and Luke Shingles for reporting unpublished results to us. T. Rauch is supported by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) under grant 50 OR 1507. The TMAD service (http://astro-uni-tuebingen.de/similar to TMAD) used to compile atomic data for this paper was constructed as part of the activities of the German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, and of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. Some of the data presented in this paper were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). This work had been done using the profile fitting procedure OWENS, developed by M. Lemoine and the FUSE French Team. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 593 AR A104 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201628892 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4HU UT WOS:000385820100130 ER PT J AU Hopkins, FM Ehleringer, JR Bush, SE Duren, RM Miller, CE Lai, CT Hsu, YK Carranza, V Randerson, JT AF Hopkins, Francesca M. Ehleringer, James R. Bush, Susan E. Duren, Riley M. Miller, Charles E. Lai, Chun-Ta Hsu, Ying-Kuang Carranza, Valerie Randerson, James T. TI Mitigation of methane emissions in cities: How new measurements and partnerships can contribute to emissions reduction strategies SO EARTHS FUTURE LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; CLIMATE-CHANGE ACTION; NATURAL-GAS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; NITROUS-OXIDE; LOS-ANGELES; PIPELINE LEAKS AB Cities generate 70% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, a fraction that is growing with global urbanization. While cities play an important role in climate change mitigation, there has been little focus on reducing urban methane (CH4) emissions. Here, we develop a conceptual framework for CH4 mitigation in cities by describing emission processes, the role of measurements, and a need for new institutional partnerships. Urban CH4 emissions are likely to grow with expanding use of natural gas and organic waste disposal systems in growing population centers; however, we currently lack the ability to quantify this increase. We also lack systematic knowledge of the relative contribution of these distinct source sectors on emissions. We present new observations from four North American cities to demonstrate that CH4 emissions vary in magnitude and sector from city to city and hence require different mitigation strategies. Detections of fugitive emissions from these systems suggest that current mitigation approaches are absent or ineffective. These findings illustrate that tackling urban CH4 emissions will require research efforts to identify mitigation targets, develop and implement new mitigation strategies, and monitor atmospheric CH4 levels to ensure the success of mitigation efforts. This research will require a variety of techniques to achieve these objectives and should be deployed in cities globally. We suggest that metropolitan scale partnerships may effectively coordinate systematic measurements and actions focused on emission reduction goals. C1 [Hopkins, Francesca M.; Randerson, James T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Hopkins, Francesca M.; Duren, Riley M.; Miller, Charles E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ehleringer, James R.; Bush, Susan E.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Ehleringer, James R.] Univ Utah, Global Change & Sustainabil Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Lai, Chun-Ta] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Hsu, Ying-Kuang] Calif Air Resources Board, Monitoring & Lab Div, Sacramento, CA USA. [Carranza, Valerie] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Environm Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Hopkins, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.; Hopkins, FM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM francesca.m.hopkins@jpl.nasa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (BER) [DE-SC0005266]; NASA Postdoctoral Program fellowship; NASA FX This study was supported by U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (BER), Grant No. DE-SC0005266. F.M.H. also acknowledges support from a NASA Postdoctoral Program fellowship. We thank Liz Wiggins, Gergana Mouteva, Massimo Lupascu, Clayton Elder, Nicky Cuozzo, Ashley Braunthal, Joshua Miu, and Simon Fahrni for collecting Fairbanks data, Joshua Rambo for collecting San Diego data, and Bill Johnson for thermal camera images. Portions of this work were performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. The data used are listed in the references, tables, figures, and supplement. Raw data are available by contacting francesca.m.hopkins@jpl.nasa.gov. NR 123 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2328-4277 J9 EARTHS FUTURE JI Earth Future PD SEP PY 2016 VL 4 IS 9 BP 408 EP 425 DI 10.1002/2016EF000381 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC0BB UT WOS:000387761400001 ER PT J AU Verma, M Fisher, JB Mallick, K Ryu, Y Kobayashi, H Guillaume, A Moore, G Ramakrishnan, L Hendrix, V Wolf, S Sikka, M Kiely, G Wohlfahrt, G Gielen, B Roupsard, O Toscano, P Arain, A Cescatti, A AF Verma, Manish Fisher, Joshua B. Mallick, Kaniska Ryu, Youngryel Kobayashi, Hideki Guillaume, Alexandre Moore, Gregory Ramakrishnan, Lavanya Hendrix, Valerie Wolf, Sebastian Sikka, Munish Kiely, Gerard Wohlfahrt, Georg Gielen, Bert Roupsard, Olivier Toscano, Piero Arain, Altaf Cescatti, Alessandro TI Global Surface Net-Radiation at 5 km from MODIS Terra SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE surface net-radiation; MODIS; FLUXNET; SURFRAD; modeling; validation ID DOWNWELLING LONGWAVE RADIATION; CLEAR-SKY DAYS; HETEROGENEOUS LANDSCAPE; LAND; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; VALIDATION; ATMOSPHERE; FLUX; ALGORITHMS; PRODUCT AB Reliable and fine resolution estimates of surface net-radiation are required for estimating latent and sensible heat fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere. However, currently, fine resolution estimates of net-radiation are not available and consequently it is challenging to develop multi-year estimates of evapotranspiration at scales that can capture land surface heterogeneity and are relevant for policy and decision-making. We developed and evaluated a global net-radiation product at 5 km and 8-day resolution by combining mutually consistent atmosphere and land data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board Terra. Comparison with net-radiation measurements from 154 globally distributed sites (414 site-years) from the FLUXNET and Surface Radiation budget network (SURFRAD) showed that the net-radiation product agreed well with measurements across seasons and climate types in the extratropics (Wilmott's index ranged from 0.74 for boreal to 0.63 for Mediterranean sites). Mean absolute deviation between the MODIS and measured net-radiation ranged from 38.0 +/- 1.8 W.m(-2) in boreal to 72.0 +/- 4.1 W.m(-2) in the tropical climates. The mean bias was small and constituted only 11%, 0.7%, 8.4%, 4.2%, 13.3%, and 5.4% of the mean absolute error in daytime net-radiation in boreal, Mediterranean, temperate-continental, temperate, semi-arid, and tropical climate, respectively. To assess the accuracy of the broader spatiotemporal patterns, we upscaled error-quantified MODIS net-radiation and compared it with the net-radiation estimates from the coarse spatial (1 degrees x 1 degrees) but high temporal resolution gridded net-radiation product from the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES). Our estimates agreed closely with the net-radiation estimates from the CERES. Difference between the two was less than 10 W center dot m(-2) in 94% of the total land area. MODIS net-radiation product will be a valuable resource for the science community studying turbulent fluxes and energy budget at the Earth's surface. C1 [Verma, Manish; Fisher, Joshua B.; Guillaume, Alexandre; Moore, Gregory; Sikka, Munish] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mallick, Kaniska] LIST, Dept Environm Res & Innovat ERIN, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg. [Ryu, Youngryel] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Kobayashi, Hideki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Ramakrishnan, Lavanya; Hendrix, Valerie] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wolf, Sebastian] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Kiely, Gerard] Univ Coll, Environm Res Inst, Civil & Environm Engn Dept, Cork T12P2FY, Ireland. [Wohlfahrt, Georg] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ecol, Sternwartestr 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Gielen, Bert] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Res Grp Plant & Vegetat Ecol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Roupsard, Olivier] CIRAD, UMR Eco & Sols Ecol Fonct Biogeochim Sols & Agroe, F-34000 Montpellier, France. [Roupsard, Olivier] CATIE Trop Agr Ctr Res & Higher Educ, Turrialba 937170, Costa Rica. [Toscano, Piero] CNR, Inst Biometeorol IBIMET, Via G Caproni 8, I-50145 Florence, Italy. [Arain, Altaf] McMaster Univ, McMaster Ctr Climate Change, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Cescatti, Alessandro] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Directorate Sustainable Resources, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. RP Verma, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM manishve@umich.edu; Joshua.B.Fisher@jpl.nasa.gov; kaniska.mallick@gmail.com; ryuyr77@gmail.com; hkoba@jamstec.go.jp; alexandre.guillaume@jpl.nasa.gov; Gregory.J.Moore@jpl.nasa.gov; LRamakrishnan@lbl.gov; vchendrix@lbl.gov; sewolf@ethz.ch; Munish.Sikka@jpl.nasa.gov; g.kiely@ucc.ie; Georg.Wohlfahrt@uibk.ac.at; bert.gielen@uantwerpen.be; olivier.roupsard@cirad.fr; p.toscano@ibimet.cnr.it; arainm@mcmaster.ca; alessandro.cescatti@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Wohlfahrt, Georg/D-2409-2009; Wolf, Sebastian/B-4580-2010; OI Wohlfahrt, Georg/0000-0003-3080-6702; Wolf, Sebastian/0000-0001-7717-6993; Toscano, Piero/0000-0001-9184-0707; Mallick, Kaniska/0000-0002-2735-930X; Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085 FU NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program; Jet Propulsion Laboratory Strategic Research & Technology Development Climate Initiative; U.S. Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program [DE-FG02-04ER63917, DE-FG02-04ER63911]; AfriFlux; AsiaFlux; CarboAfrica; CarboEuropeIP; CarboItaly; CarboMont; ChinaFlux; Fluxnet-Canada; CFCAS; NSERC; BIOCAP; Environment Canada; NRCan; GreenGrass; KoFlux; LBA; NECC; OzFlux; TCOS-Siberia; USCCC; Australian Research Council [DP0451247, DP0344744, DP0772981, DP130101566]; European Commission [300083] FX Support for this study was provided by the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program and Jet Propulsion Laboratory Strategic Research & Technology Development Climate Initiative. The research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Copyright 2015 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. This work used net-radiation data acquired by the FLUXNET community and in particular by the following networks: AmeriFlux (U.S. Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program (DE-FG02-04ER63917 and DE-FG02-04ER63911)), AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada (supported by CFCAS, NSERC, BIOCAP, Environment Canada, and NRCan), GreenGrass, KoFlux, LBA, NECC, OzFlux, TCOS-Siberia, USCCC. The authors gratefully acknowledge the efforts of the FLUXNET community to compile and make available the La Thuile data set. Data from AU-Fog-Fogg Dam, AU-How-Howard Springs, AU-Wac-Wallaby Creek was funded by the Australian Research Council (DP0451247, DP0344744, DP0772981 and DP130101566). Support for collection and archiving was provided through the Australia Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) (http://www.tern.org.au). SW was supported by the European Commission with a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship (grant 300083). NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 8 IS 9 AR UNSP 739 DI 10.3390/rs8090739 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DY9XB UT WOS:000385488000049 ER PT J AU Wang, XJ Key, J Kwok, R Zhang, JL AF Wang, Xuanji Key, Jeffrey Kwok, Ron Zhang, Jinlun TI Comparison of Arctic Sea Ice Thickness from Satellites, Aircraft, and PIOMAS Data SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE sea ice thickness; Arctic; remote sensing; satellite; ICESat; CryoSat-2; SMOS; IceBridge; PIOMAS; APP-x ID SNOW DEPTH; OPERATION ICEBRIDGE; MODEL; RETRIEVAL; FREEBOARD; ALGORITHM; CLOUD AB In this study, six Arctic sea ice thickness products are compared: the AVHRR Polar Pathfinder-extended (APP-x), ICESat, CryoSat-2, SMOS, NASA IceBridge aircraft flights, and the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS). The satellite products are based on three different retrieval methods: an energy budget approach, measurements of ice freeboard, and the relationship between passive microwave brightness temperatures and thin ice thickness. Inter-comparisons are done for the periods of overlap from 2003 to 2013. Results show that ICESat sea ice is thicker than APP-x and PIOMAS overall, particularly along the north coast of Greenland and Canadian Archipelago. The relative differences of APP-x and PIOMAS with ICESat are -0.48 m and -0.31 m, respectively. APP-x underestimates thickness relative to CryoSat-2, with a mean difference of -0.19 m. The biases for APP-x, PIOMAS, and CryoSat-2 relative to IceBridge thicknesses are 0.18 m, 0.18 m, and 0.29 m. The mean difference between SMOS and CryoSat-2 for 0 similar to 1 m thick ice is 0.13 m in March and -0.24 m in October. All satellite-retrieved ice thickness products and PIOMAS overestimate the thickness of thin ice (1 m or less) compared to IceBridge for which SMOS has the smallest bias (0.26 m). The spatial correlation between the datasets indicates that APP-x and PIOMAS are the most similar, followed by APP-x and CryoSat-2. C1 [Wang, Xuanji] UW Madison, CIMSS, SSEC, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Key, Jeffrey] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kwok, Ron] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Zhang, Jinlun] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Wang, XJ (reprint author), UW Madison, CIMSS, SSEC, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM xuanjiw@ssec.wisc.edu; jeff.key@noaa.gov; ronald.kwok@jpl.nasa.gov; zhang@apl.washington.edu OI Wang, Xuanji/0000-0002-5893-758X; Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 FU JPSS Program Office; GOES-R Program Office; National Science Foundation [ARC-1023371]; NASA Cryosphere Program [NNX15AG68G] FX This work was supported by the JPSS Program Office, the GOES-R Program Office, the National Science Foundation (ARC-1023371), and the NASA Cryosphere Program (NNX15AG68G). We thank the Alfred Wegener Institute/Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research and the European Space Agency for making the Cryosat-2 ice thickness product available to the scientific community, the University of Hamburg for the SMOS ice thicknesses, and the National Snow and Ice Data Center and NASA for the IceBridge data. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 8 IS 9 AR 713 DI 10.3390/rs8090713 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DY9XB UT WOS:000385488000023 ER PT J AU Meier, MM Matthia, D Forkert, T Wirtz, M Scheibinger, M Hubel, R Mertens, CJ AF Meier, Matthias M. Matthiae, Daniel Forkert, Tomas Wirtz, Michael Scheibinger, Markus Huebel, Robert Mertens, Christopher J. TI RaD-X: Complementary measurements of dose rates at aviation altitudes SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; CALIBRATION; MODEL; DOSIMETERS AB The RaD-X stratospheric balloon flight organized by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration was launched from Fort Sumner on 25 September 2015 and carried several instruments to measure the radiation field in the upper atmosphere at the average vertical cutoff rigidity R-c of 4.1 GV. The German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt) in cooperation with Lufthansa German Airlines supported this campaign with an independent measuring flight at the altitudes of civil aviation on a round trip from Germany to Japan. The goal was to measure dose rates under similar space weather conditions over an area on the Northern Hemisphere opposite to the RaD-X flight. Dose rates were measured in the target areas, i.e., around vertical cutoff rigidity Rc of 4.1 GV, at two flight altitudes for about 1 h at each position with acceptable counting statistics. The analysis of the space weather situation during the flights shows that measuring data were acquired under stable and moderate space weather conditions with a virtually undisturbed magnetosphere. The measured rates of absorbed dose in silicon and ambient dose equivalent complement the data recorded during the balloon flight. The combined measurements provide a set of experimental data suitable for validating and improving numerical models for the calculation of radiation exposure at aviation altitudes. C1 [Meier, Matthias M.; Matthiae, Daniel; Forkert, Tomas; Wirtz, Michael] Inst Aerosp Med, German Aerosp Ctr, Cologne, Germany. [Scheibinger, Markus; Huebel, Robert] Lufthansa German Airlines, Lufthansa Basis, Frankfurt, Germany. [Mertens, Christopher J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Meier, MM (reprint author), Inst Aerosp Med, German Aerosp Ctr, Cologne, Germany. EM Matthias.Meier@dlr.de OI Matthia, Daniel/0000-0003-1507-0143 FU Lufthansa German Airlines FX We would like to especially express our gratitude to Lufthansa German Airlines for their support during the preparation and performance of the measuring flights. Furthermore, we would like to thank the Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory and the website team (http://cosmicrays.oulu.fi) for providing the Oulu neutron monitor data. The flight data are available from the German Aerospace Center upon request. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD SEP PY 2016 VL 14 IS 9 BP 689 EP 694 DI 10.1002/2016SW001418 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC0PE UT WOS:000387802300006 ER PT J AU Kannawadi, A Shapiro, CA Mandelbaum, R Hirata, CM Kruk, JW Rhodes, JD AF Kannawadi, Arun Shapiro, Charles A. Mandelbaum, Rachel Hirata, Christopher M. Kruk, Jeffrey W. Rhodes, Jason D. TI The Impact of Interpixel Capacitance in CMOS Detectors on PSF Shapes and Implications for WFIRST SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: detectors; instrumentation: high angular resolution ID DARK-MATTER HALOES; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETER CONSTRAINTS; IMAGE COMBINATION; LARGE SCALES; SDSS DR7; WEAK; CFHTLENS; CONNECTION; EVOLUTION; GALAXIES AB Unlike optical CCDs, near-infrared detectors, which are based on CMOS hybrid readout technology, typically suffer from electrical crosstalk between the pixels. The interpixel capacitance (IPC) responsible for the crosstalk affects the point-spread function (PSF) of the telescope, increasing the size and modifying the shape of all objects in the images while correlating the Poisson noise. Upcoming weak lensing surveys that use these detectors, such as WFIRST, place stringent requirements on the PSF size and shape (and the level at which these are known), which in turn must be translated into requirements on IPC. To facilitate this process, we present a first study of the effect of IPC on WFIRST PSF sizes and shapes. Realistic PSFs are forward-simulated from physical principles for each WFIRST bandpass. We explore how the PSF size and shape depends on the range of IPC coupling with pixels that are connected along an edge or corner; for the expected level of IPC in WFIRST, IPC increases the PSF sizes by similar to 5%. We present a linear fitting formula that describes the uncertainty in the PSF size or shape due to uncertainty in the IPC, which could arise for example due to unknown time evolution of IPC as the detectors age or due to spatial variation of IPC across the detector. We also study of the effect of a small anisotropy in the IPC, which further modifies the PSF shapes. Our results are a first, critical step in determining the hardware and characterization requirements for the detectors used in the WFIRST survey. C1 [Kannawadi, Arun; Mandelbaum, Rachel] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, McWilliams Ctr Cosmol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Shapiro, Charles A.; Rhodes, Jason D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hirata, Christopher M.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, 191 West Woodruff Lane, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kruk, Jeffrey W.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rhodes, Jason D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kannawadi, A (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, McWilliams Ctr Cosmol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM arunkannawadi@cmu.edu RI Mandelbaum, Rachel/N-8955-2014 OI Mandelbaum, Rachel/0000-0003-2271-1527 FU WFIRST study office; US Department of Energy; Packard Foundation; Simons Foundation FX The authors thank Roger Smith, Bernard Rauscher, and Andres Plazas Malagon for many useful discussions and Mike Jarvis and Joshua Meyers for their inputs in developing the GalSim WFIRST module. We thank Edward Cheng of Conceptual Analytics for his comments in improving the manuscript and the referee, David Spergel, for correcting a few minor errors in the original version of the manuscript. This work was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), a NASA center run by California Institute of Technology. The authors acknowledge funding from WFIRST study office. CMH is supported by the US Department of Energy, the Packard Foundation, and the Simons Foundation. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 128 IS 967 AR 095001 DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/967/095001 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EB1LK UT WOS:000387113200007 ER PT J AU Nguyen, HT Zemcov, M Battle, J Bock, JJ Hristov, V Korngut, P Meek, A AF Nguyen, Hien T. Zemcov, Michael Battle, John Bock, James J. Hristov, Viktor Korngut, Phillip Meek, Andrew TI Spatial and Temporal Stability of Airglow Measured in the Meinel Band Window at 1191.3 nm SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article DE atmospheric effects; site testing; techniques: imaging spectroscopy ID BACKGROUND-EXPERIMENT CIBER; SKY BRIGHTNESS; EMISSION; FLUCTUATIONS; SUPPRESSION; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL; LINES AB We report on the temporal and spatial fluctuations in the atmospheric brightness in the narrow band between Meinel emission lines at 1191.3 nm using a lambda/Delta lambda = 320 near-infrared instrument. We present the instrument design and implementation, followed by a detailed analysis of data taken over the course of a night from Table Mountain Observatory. At low airmasses, the absolute sky brightness at this wavelength is found to be 5330 +/- 30 nW m(-2) sr(-1), consistent with previous measurements of the inter-band airglow at these wavelengths. This amplitude is larger than simple models of the continuum component of the airglow emission at these wavelengths, confirming that an extra emissive or scattering component is required to explain the observations. We perform a detailed investigation of the noise properties of the data and find no evidence for a noise component associated with temporal instability in the inter-line continuum. This result demonstrates that in several hours of similar to 100 s integrations the noise performance of the instrument does not appear to significantly degrade from expectations, giving a proof of concept that near-infrared line intensity mapping may be feasible from ground-based sites. C1 [Nguyen, Hien T.; Zemcov, Michael; Bock, James J.; Korngut, Phillip] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Nguyen, Hien T.; Zemcov, Michael; Battle, John; Bock, James J.; Hristov, Viktor; Korngut, Phillip; Meek, Andrew] CALTECH, Dept Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Nguyen, HT (reprint author), NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.; Nguyen, HT (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM htnguyen@jpl.nasa.gov FU JPL Research and Technology Development Fund; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation FX The authors wish to thank Jaime Luna for his help designing the LAMP mechanical assembly, Heath Rhoades at JPL's Table Mountain Observatory for his assistance setting up the instrument and guidance using the 24 '' telescope, and the Gemini Observatory for making their sky model tables public. The development of LAMP was supported by the JPL Research and Technology Development Fund. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 128 IS 967 AR 094504 DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/967/094504 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EB1LK UT WOS:000387113200006 ER PT J AU Stevenson, KB Lewis, NK Bean, JL Beichman, C Fraine, J Kilpatrick, BM Krick, JE Lothringer, JD Mandell, AM Valenti, JA Agol, E Angerhausen, D Barstow, JK Birkmann, SM Burrows, A Charbonneau, D Cowan, NB Crouzet, N Cubillos, PE Curry, SM Dalba, PA de Wit, J Deming, D Desert, JM Doyon, R Dragomir, D Ehrenreich, D Fortney, JJ Munoz, AG Gibson, NP Gizis, JE Greene, TP Harrington, J Heng, K Kataria, T Kempton, EMR Knutson, H Kreidberg, L Lafreniere, D Lagage, PO Line, MR Lopez-Morales, M Madhusudhan, N Morley, CV Rocchetto, M Schlawin, E Shkolnik, EL Shporer, A Sing, DK Todorov, KO Tucker, GS Wakeford, HR AF Stevenson, Kevin B. Lewis, Nikole K. Bean, Jacob L. Beichman, Charles Fraine, Jonathan Kilpatrick, Brian M. Krick, J. E. Lothringer, Joshua D. Mandell, Avi M. Valenti, Jeff A. Agol, Eric Angerhausen, Daniel Barstow, Joanna K. Birkmann, Stephan M. Burrows, Adam Charbonneau, David Cowan, Nicolas B. Crouzet, Nicolas Cubillos, Patricio E. Curry, S. M. Dalba, Paul A. de Wit, Julien Deming, Drake Desert, Jean-Michel Doyon, Rene Dragomir, Diana Ehrenreich, David Fortney, Jonathan J. Munoz, Antonio Garcia Gibson, Neale P. Gizis, John E. Greene, Thomas P. Harrington, Joseph Heng, Kevin Kataria, Tiffany Kempton, Eliza M. -R. Knutson, Heather Kreidberg, Laura Lafreniere, David Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Line, Michael R. Lopez-Morales, Mercedes Madhusudhan, Nikku Morley, Caroline V. Rocchetto, Marco Schlawin, Everett Shkolnik, Evgenya L. Shporer, Avi Sing, David K. Todorov, Kamen O. Tucker, Gregory S. Wakeford, Hannah R. TI Transiting Exoplanet Studies and Community Targets for JWST's Early Release Science Program SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets and satellites: individual; telescopes ID WEBB-SPACE-TELESCOPE; FIELD CAMERA 3; HOT JUPITERS; MIDINFRARED INSTRUMENT; RESOLUTION SPECTROMETER; TRANSMISSION SPECTRUM; GIANT PLANET; KEPLER FIELD; HD 149026B; WASP-SOUTH AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will likely revolutionize transiting exoplanet atmospheric science, due to a combination of its capability for continuous, long duration observations and its larger collecting area, spectral coverage, and spectral resolution compared to existing space-based facilities. However, it is unclear precisely how well JWST will perform and which of its myriad instruments and observing modes will be best suited for transiting exoplanet studies. In this article, we describe a prefatory JWST Early Release Science (ERS) Cycle. 1 program that focuses on testing specific observing modes to quickly give the community the data and experience it needs to plan more efficient and successful transiting exoplanet characterization programs in later cycles. We propose a multi-pronged approach wherein one aspect of the program focuses on observing transits of a single target with all of the recommended observing modes to identify and understand potential systematics, compare transmission spectra at overlapping and neighboring wavelength regions, confirm throughputs, and determine overall performances. In our search for transiting exoplanets that are well suited to achieving these goals, we identify 12 objects (dubbed "community targets") that meet our defined criteria. Currently, the most favorable target is WASP-62b because of its large predicted signal size, relatively bright host star, and location in JWST's continuous viewing zone. Since most of the community targets do not have well-characterized atmospheres, we recommend initiating preparatory observing programs to determine the presence of obscuring clouds/hazes within their atmospheres. Measurable spectroscopic features are needed to establish the optimal resolution and wavelength regions for exoplanet characterization. Other initiatives from our proposed ERS program include testing the instrument brightness limits and performing phase-curve observations. The latter are a unique challenge compared to transit observations because of their significantly longer durations. Using only a single mode, we propose to observe a full-orbit phase curve of one of the previously characterized, short-orbital-period planets to evaluate the facility-level aspects of long, uninterrupted time-series observations. C1 [Stevenson, Kevin B.; Bean, Jacob L.; Dragomir, Diana; Kreidberg, Laura] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lewis, Nikole K.; Valenti, Jeff A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA USA. [Fraine, Jonathan; Schlawin, Everett] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kilpatrick, Brian M.; Tucker, Gregory S.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Krick, J. E.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Lothringer, Joshua D.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mandell, Avi M.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Agol, Eric] Univ Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Angerhausen, Daniel; Wakeford, Hannah R.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Barstow, Joanna K.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Birkmann, Stephan M.] European Space Agcy, Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Burrows, Adam] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Charbonneau, David; Lopez-Morales, Mercedes] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cowan, Nicolas B.] McGill Space Inst, 3550 Rue Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A1, Canada. [Crouzet, Nicolas] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Cubillos, Patricio E.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Schmiedlstr 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria. [Curry, S. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dalba, Paul A.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [de Wit, Julien] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Deming, Drake] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Desert, Jean-Michel] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Doyon, Rene; Lafreniere, David] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Inst Rech Exoplanetes, CP 6128,Succ Ctr Vile, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Ehrenreich, David] Observ Univ Geneve, 51 Chemin Maillettes, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Fortney, Jonathan J.; Morley, Caroline V.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Munoz, Antonio Garcia] Tech Univ Berlin, Zentrum Astron & Astrophys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. [Gibson, Neale P.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Astrophys Res Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Gizis, John E.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Greene, Thomas P.; Line, Michael R.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Harrington, Joseph] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Planetary Sci Grp, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Heng, Kevin] Univ Bern, Ctr Space & Habitabil, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Kataria, Tiffany; Sing, David K.] Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Astrophys Grp, Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Kempton, Eliza M. -R.] Grinnell Coll, Dept Phys, Noyce Sci Bldg, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. [Knutson, Heather] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lagage, Pierre-Olivier] Paris Saclay Univ, Irfu AIM, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Madhusudhan, Nikku] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Rocchetto, Marco] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London NW1 2PS, England. [Shkolnik, Evgenya L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, 781 S Terrace Rd, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Shporer, Avi] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Todorov, Kamen O.] ETH, Inst Astron, Wolfgang Pauli Str 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Stevenson, KB (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM kbs@uchicago.edu RI Harrington, Joseph/E-6250-2011; OI Gibson, Neale/0000-0002-9308-2353 FU Sagan Fellowship Program - NASA FX K.B.S. recognizes support from the Sagan Fellowship Program, supported by NASA and administered by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (NExScI). NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 128 IS 967 AR 094401 DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/967/094401 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EB1LK UT WOS:000387113200002 ER PT J AU Brown, PJ Yang, Y Cooke, J Olaes, M Quimby, RM Baade, D Gehrels, N Hoeflich, P Maund, J Mould, J Wang, LF Wheeler, JC AF Brown, Peter J. Yang, Yi Cooke, Jeff Olaes, Melanie Quimby, Robert M. Baade, Dietrich Gehrels, Neil Hoeflich, Peter Maund, Justyn Mould, Jeremy Wang, Lifan Wheeler, J. Craig TI ASASSN-15LH: A SUPERLUMINOUS ULTRAVIOLET REBRIGHTENING OBSERVED BY SWIFT AND HUBBLE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE polarization; supernovae: individual (ASASSN-15lh, SN2015L); ultraviolet: general; X-rays: general ID X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; PAIR-INSTABILITY SUPERNOVAE; MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; TIDAL DISRUPTION; SPACE-TELESCOPE; IIN SUPERNOVA; LUMINOUS SUPERNOVAE; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; MAGNETAR BIRTH AB We present and discuss ultraviolet and optical photometry from the Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope, X-ray limits from the X-Ray Telescope on Swift, and imaging polarimetry and ultraviolet/optical spectroscopy with the Hubble Space Telescope, all from observations of ASASSN-15lh. It has been classified as a hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova (SLSN I), making it more luminous than any other supernova observed. ASASSN-15lh is not detected in the X-rays in individual or co-added observations. From the polarimetry we determine that the explosion was only mildly asymmetric. We find the flux of ASASSN-15lh to increase strongly into the ultraviolet, with an ultraviolet luminosity 100 times greater than the hydrogen-rich, ultraviolet-bright SLSN II SN 2008es. We find that objects as bright as ASASSN-15lh are easily detectable beyond redshifts of similar to 4 with the single-visit depths planned for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. Deep near-infrared surveys could detect such objects past a redshift of similar to 20, enabling a probe of the earliest star formation. A late rebrightening-most prominent at shorter wavelengths -is seen about two months after the peak brightness, which is itself as bright as an SLSN. The ultraviolet spectra during the rebrightening are dominated by the continuum without the broad absorption or emission lines seen in SLSNe or tidal disruption events (TDEs) and the early optical spectra of ASASSN-15lh. Our spectra show no strong hydrogen emission, showing only Lya absorption near the redshift previously found by optical absorption lines of the presumed host. The properties of ASASSN-15lh are extreme when compared to either SLSNe or TDEs. C1 [Brown, Peter J.; Yang, Yi; Wang, Lifan] Texas A&M Univ, George P & Cynthia Woods Mitchell Inst Fundamenta, Dept Phys & Astron, 4242 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Cooke, Jeff; Mould, Jeremy] Swinburne Univ, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Olaes, Melanie; Quimby, Robert M.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Quimby, Robert M.] Univ Tokyo, UTIAS, Kavli IPMU WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Baade, Dietrich] Southern Hemisphere ESO, European Org Astron Res, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Gehrels, Neil] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hoeflich, Peter] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Maund, Justyn] Dept Phys & Astron, F39 Hicks Bldg,Hounsfield Rd, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. [Wheeler, J. Craig] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Brown, PJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, George P & Cynthia Woods Mitchell Inst Fundamenta, Dept Phys & Astron, 4242 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. OI Maund, Justyn/0000-0003-0733-7215 FU NASA from Space Telescope Science Institute [NASA 5-26555, HST-GO-14450.001-A]; NASA [NAS5-26555]; STSCi by STScI [HST-AR-13276.02-A]; Swift GI program [NNX15AR41G]; NASA's Astrophysics Data Analysis Program [NNX13AF35G]; [14348]; [14450] FX We thank the HST director for approving the DDT requests. We thank Matt McMaster and Dean Hines for helping with the calibration of the ACS/WFC polarizers. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NASA 5-26555. These observations are associated with programs #14348 and #14450. Support for this work was provided by NASA through grant number HST-GO-14450.001-A from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. J.C.W. was supported by STSCi by STScI grant HST-AR-13276.02-A. This work is supported by the Swift GI program through grant NNX15AR41G. The Swift Optical/ Ultraviolet Supernova Archive (SOUSA) is supported by NASA's Astrophysics Data Analysis Program through grant NNX13AF35G. This work made use of public data in the Swift data archive from observations requested by several others (PIs: Dong, Godoy, Holoien, Leloudas, Jonker). This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. NR 101 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 828 IS 1 AR 3 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/3 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EA8OE UT WOS:000386894900003 ER PT J AU Cordiner, MA Boogert, ACA Charnley, SB Justtanont, K Cox, NLJ Smith, RG Tielens, AGGM Wirstrom, ES Milam, SN Keane, JV AF Cordiner, M. A. Boogert, A. C. A. Charnley, S. B. Justtanont, K. Cox, N. L. J. Smith, R. G. Tielens, A. G. G. M. Wirstrom, E. S. Milam, S. N. Keane, J. V. TI ON THE NATURE OF THE ENIGMATIC OBJECT IRAS 19312+1950: A RARE PHASE OF MASSIVE STAR FORMATION? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: molecules; masers; stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: formation; stars: protostars; stars: winds, outflows ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; POSTASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; WIDE-FIELD CAMERA; HI-GAL SURVEY; FORMING REGIONS; HERSCHEL OBSERVATIONS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; MASER SURVEY; H2O MASERS; CLASS-I AB IRAS 19312+1950 is a peculiar object that has eluded firm characterization since its discovery, with combined maser properties similar to an evolved star and a young stellar object (YSO). To help determine its true nature, we obtained infrared spectra of IRAS 19312+1950 in the range 5-550 mu m using the Herschel and Spitzer space observatories. The Herschel PACS maps exhibit a compact, slightly asymmetric continuum source at 170 mu m, indicative of a large, dusty circumstellar envelope. The far-IR CO emission line spectrum reveals two gas temperature components: approximate to 0.22 Me of material at 280 +/- 18 K, and approximate to 1.6 M-circle dot of material at 157 +/- 3 K. The O I 63 mu m line is detected on-source but no significant emission from atomic ions was found. The HIFI observations display shocked, high-velocity gas with outflow speeds up to 90 km s(-1) along the line of sight. From Spitzer spectroscopy, we identify ice absorption bands due to H2O at 5.8 mu m and CO2 at 15 mu m. The spectral energy distribution is consistent with a massive, luminous (similar to 2 x 10(4) Le) central source surrounded by a dense, warm circumstellar disk and envelope of total mass similar to 500-700 Me, with large bipolar outflow cavities. The combination of distinctive far-IR spectral features suggest that IRAS 19312+1950 should be classified as an accreting, highmass YSO rather than an evolved star. In light of this reclassification, IRAS 19312+1950 becomes only the fifth high-mass protostar known to exhibit SiO maser activity, and demonstrates that 18 cm OH maser line ratios may not be reliable observational discriminators between evolved stars and YSOs. C1 [Cordiner, M. A.; Charnley, S. B.; Milam, S. N.] NASA, Astrochem Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 691,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cordiner, M. A.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Boogert, A. C. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 232-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Justtanont, K.; Wirstrom, E. S.] Chalmers, Onsala Space Observ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden. [Cox, N. L. J.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, Celestijnenlaan 200D,Bus 2401, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. [Cox, N. L. J.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse, France. [Smith, R. G.] Univ New South Wales, Australian Def Force Acad, Sch Phys Environm & Math Sci, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. [Tielens, A. G. G. M.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Keane, J. V.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Cordiner, MA (reprint author), NASA, Astrochem Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 691,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Cordiner, MA (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM martin.cordiner@nasa.gov OI Wirstrom, Eva/0000-0002-0656-876X; /0000-0003-1689-9201 FU NASA through JPL/Caltech; NASA through NASA's Origins of Solar Systems program FX Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech and through NASA's Origins of Solar Systems program. We gratefully acknowledge the work of Thomas Robitaille for providing and supporting the Hyperion radiative transfer code. NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 828 IS 1 AR 51 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/51 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EA8OE UT WOS:000386894900051 ER PT J AU D'Angelo, G Bodenheimer, P AF D'Angelo, Gennaro Bodenheimer, Peter TI IN SITU AND EX SITU FORMATION MODELS OF KEPLER 11 PLANETS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planet-disk interactions; planetary systems; planets and satellites: formation; planets and satellites: individual (Kepler 11); planets and satellites: interiors; protoplanetary disks ID MEAN-MOTION RESONANCES; EQUATION-OF-STATE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; DISK-SATELLITE INTERACTION; ISOTHERMAL GASEOUS DISK; TERRESTRIAL MAGMA OCEAN; EARTHS CORE CONDITIONS; LOW-MASS STARS; SUPER-EARTHS; GIANT PLANETS AB We present formation simulations of the six Kepler 11 planets. Models assume either in situ or ex situ assembly, the latter with migration, and are evolved to the estimated age of the system, approximate to 8 Gyr. Models combine detailed calculations of both the gaseous envelope and the condensed core structures, including accretion of gas and solids, of the disk's viscous and thermal evolution, including photo-evaporation and disk-planet interactions, and of the planet's evaporative mass loss after disk dispersal. Planet-planet interactions are neglected. Both sets of simulations successfully reproduce measured radii, masses, and orbital distances of the planets, except for the radius of Kepler 11b, which loses its entire gaseous envelope shortly after formation. Gaseous (H+ He) envelopes account for less than or similar to 18% of the planet masses, and between approximate to 35 and approximate to 60% of the planet radii. In situ models predict a very massive inner disk, whose solid surface density (sigma(Z)) varies from over 10(4) to approximate to 10(3) g cm(-2) at stellocentric distances 0.1 less than or similar to r less than or similar to 0.5 au. Initial gas densities would be in excess of 10(5) g cm(-2) if solids formed locally. Given the high disk temperatures (greater than or similar to 1000 K), planetary interiors can only be composed of metals and highly refractory materials. Sequestration of hydrogen by the core and subsequent outgassing is required to account for the observed radius of Kepler 11b. Ex situ models predict a relatively low-mass disk, whose initial sigma(Z) varies from approximate to 10 to approximate to 5 g cm(-2) at 0.5 less than or similar to r less than or similar to 7 au and whose initial gas density ranges from approximate to 10(3) to approximate to 100 g cm(-2). All planetary interiors are expected to be rich in H2O, as core assembly mostly occurs exterior to the ice condensation front. Kepler 11b is expected to have a steam atmosphere, and H2O is likely mixed with H+He in the envelopes of the other planets. Results indicate that Kepler. 11g may not be more massive than Kepler. 11e. C1 [D'Angelo, Gennaro] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [D'Angelo, Gennaro] SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Bodenheimer, Peter] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP D'Angelo, G (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; D'Angelo, G (reprint author), SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM gennaro.dangelo@nasa.gov; peter@ucolick.org OI D'Angelo, Gennaro/0000-0002-2064-0801; Bodenheimer, Peter/0000-0001-6093-3097 FU NASA Outer Planets Research Program [202844.02.02.01.75]; NASA Origins of Solar Systems Program [NNX14AG92G]; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center FX We thank Uma Gorti for numerous helpful discussions and for her precious guidance during the implementation of the disk photo-evaporation module. We are grateful to an anonymous referee, whose insightful comments helped improve several parts of this paper. G.D. thanks the Los Alamos National Laboratory for its hospitality. G.D. acknowledges support from NASA Outer Planets Research Program grant 202844.02.02.01.75 and from NASA Origins of Solar Systems Program grant NNX14AG92G. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center. NR 186 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 828 IS 1 AR 33 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/33 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EA8OE UT WOS:000386894900033 ER PT J AU Deller, AT Vigeland, SJ Kaplan, DL Goss, WM Brisken, WF Chatterjee, S Cordes, JM Janssen, GH Lazio, TJW Petrov, L Stappers, BW Lyne, A AF Deller, A. T. Vigeland, S. J. Kaplan, D. L. Goss, W. M. Brisken, W. F. Chatterjee, S. Cordes, J. M. Janssen, G. H. Lazio, T. J. W. Petrov, L. Stappers, B. W. Lyne, A. TI MICROARCSECOND VLBI PULSAR ASTROMETRY WITH PSR pi. I. TWO BINARY MILLISECOND PULSARS WITH WHITE DWARF COMPANIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; pulsars: individual (PSR J1022+1001, J2145-0750); stars: neutron; techniques: high angular resolution; white dwarfs ID BASE-LINE ARRAY; DATA RELEASE; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; SOFTWARE CORRELATOR; PROPER MOTION; PARALLAXES; SKY; DISTANCE; MASS; INTERFEROMETRY AB Model-independent distance constraints to binary millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are of great value to both the timing observations of the radio pulsars and multiwavelength observations of their companion stars. Astrometry using very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) can be employed to provide these model-independent distances with very high precision via the detection of annual geometric parallax. Using the Very Long Baseline Array, we have observed two binary MSPs, PSR J1022+1001 and J2145-0750, over a two-year period and measured their distances to be 700(10)(+14) pc and 613(-14)(+16) pc respectively. We use the well-calibrated distance in conjunction with revised analysis of optical photometry to tightly constrain the nature of their massive (M similar to 0.85 M-circle dot) white dwarf companions. Finally, we show that several measurements of the parallax and proper motion of PSR J1022 + 1001 and PSR J2145-0750 obtained by pulsar timing array projects are incorrect, differing from the more precise VLBI values by up to 5 sigma. We investigate possible causes for the discrepancy, and find that imperfect modeling of the solar wind is a likely candidate for the errors in the timing model given the low ecliptic latitude of these two pulsars. C1 [Deller, A. T.; Janssen, G. H.] Netherlands Inst Radio Astron, ASTRON, Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Vigeland, S. J.; Kaplan, D. L.] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Goss, W. M.; Brisken, W. F.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Chatterjee, S.; Cordes, J. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lazio, T. J. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Petrov, L.] Astrogeo Ctr, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. [Stappers, B. W.; Lyne, A.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Deller, AT (reprint author), Netherlands Inst Radio Astron, ASTRON, Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. OI Deller, Adam/0000-0001-9434-3837 FU NWO Veni Fellowship; NANOGrav project through National Science Foundation (NSF) PIRE program [0968296]; NSF Physics Frontiers Center [1430284]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science FX A.T.D. was supported by an NWO Veni Fellowship. D.L.K. an d S.J.V. receive support from the NANOGrav project through National Science Foundation (NSF) PIRE program award number 0968296 and NSF Physics Frontiers Center award number 1430284. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors thank David Nice and Pierre Bergeron for useful discussions. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. Pulsar research at the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics and the observations using the Lovell Telescope are supported by a consolidated grant from the STFC in the UK. Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III web site is http://www.sdss3.org/. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 828 IS 1 AR 8 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/8 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EA8OE UT WOS:000386894900008 ER PT J AU Furst, F Grinberg, V Tomsick, JA Bachetti, M Boggs, SE Brightman, M Christensen, FE Craig, WW Gandhi, P Grefenstette, B Hailey, CJ Harrison, FA Madsen, KK Parker, ML Pottschmidt, K Stern, D Walton, DJ Wilms, J Zhang, WW AF Furst, F. Grinberg, V. Tomsick, J. A. Bachetti, M. Boggs, S. E. Brightman, M. Christensen, F. E. Craig, W. W. Gandhi, P. Grefenstette, B. Hailey, C. J. Harrison, F. A. Madsen, K. K. Parker, M. L. Pottschmidt, K. Stern, D. Walton, D. J. Wilms, J. Zhang, W. W. TI SPECTRO-TIMING STUDY OF GX 339-4 IN A HARD INTERMEDIATE STATE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars: black holes; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: individual (GX 339-4) ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; X-RAY BINARIES; BLACK-HOLE CANDIDATES; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; RELATIVISTIC PRECESSION MODEL; LENS-THIRRING PRECESSION; NOVA XTE J1550-564; LOW/HARD STATE; CYGNUS X-1; FREQUENCY CORRELATION AB We present an analysis of Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array. observations of a hard intermediate state of the transient. black hole GX 339-4 taken in 2015 January. With. the source softening significantly over the course of the 1.3 day long observation we split the data into 21 sub-sets and find that the spectrum of all of them can be well described by a power-law continuum with an additional relativistically blurred reflection component. The photon index increases from similar to 1.69 to similar to 1.77 over the course of the observation. The accretion disk is truncated at around nine gravitational radii in all spectra. We also perform timing analysis on the same 21 individual data sets, and find a strong type-C quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO), which increases. in frequency from similar to 0.68 to similar to 1.05 Hz with time. The frequency change is well correlated with the softening of the spectrum. We discuss possible scenarios for the production of the QPO and calculate predicted inner radii in the relativistic precession model as well as the global disk mode oscillations model. We find discrepancies with respect to the observed values in both models unless we allow for a black hole mass of similar to 100 M-circle dot, which is highly unlikely. We discuss possible systematic uncertainties, in particular with the measurement of the inner accretion disk radius in the relativistic reflection model. We conclude that the combination of observed QPO frequencies and inner accretion disk radii, as obtained from spectral fitting,. is difficult to reconcile with current models. C1 [Furst, F.; Brightman, M.; Grefenstette, B.; Harrison, F. A.; Madsen, K. K.; Walton, D. J.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Grinberg, V.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Tomsick, J. A.; Boggs, S. E.; Craig, W. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bachetti, M.] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, I-09047 Selargius, CA, Italy. [Christensen, F. E.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Craig, W. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Gandhi, P.] Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Hailey, C. J.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Parker, M. L.] Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Pottschmidt, K.] UMBC, CRESST, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Pottschmidt, K.] UMBC, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Pottschmidt, K.; Zhang, W. W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stern, D.; Walton, D. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wilms, J.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dr Karl Remeis Sternwarte & ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. RP Furst, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Wilms, Joern/C-8116-2013 OI Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410 FU NASA [NNG08FD60C, NAS8-03060]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA through Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) [SV3-73016] FX We thank the anonymous referee for the constructive and helpful comments. We thank the NuSTAR schedulers and SOC, in particular Karl Forster, for making this observation possible. We thank Javier Garcia and Thomas Dauser for helpful discussions about the reflection models. This work was supported under NASA Contract No. NNG08FD60C, and made use of data from the NuSTAR mission, a project led by the California Institute of Technology, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Support for this work was provided by NASA through the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) contract SV3-73016 to MIT for Support of the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) and Science Instruments; CXC is operated by SAO for and on behalf of NASA under contract NAS8-03060. We thank the NuSTAR Operations, Software and Calibration teams for support with the execution and analysis of these observations. This research has made use of the NuSTAR Data Analysis Software (NuSTARDAS) jointly developed by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC, Italy) and the California Institute of Technology (USA). This research has made use of a collection of ISIS functions (ISISscripts) provided by ECAP/Remeis observatory and MIT (http://www.sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de/isis/). We would like to thank John E. Davis for the slxfig module, which was used to produce all figures in this work. This research has made use of MAXI data provided by RIKEN, JAXA and the MAXI team. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 828 IS 1 AR 34 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/34 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EA8OE UT WOS:000386894900034 ER PT J AU Hamren, K Beaton, RL Guhathakurta, P Gilbert, KM Tollerud, EJ Boyer, ML Rockosi, CM Smith, GH Majewski, SR Howley, K AF Hamren, Katherine Beaton, Rachael L. Guhathakurta, Puragra Gilbert, Karoline M. Tollerud, Erik J. Boyer, Martha L. Rockosi, Constance M. Smith, Graeme H. Majewski, Steven R. Howley, Kirsten TI CARBON STARS IN THE SATELLITES AND HALO OF M31 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (M31); stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: carbon ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; LOCAL GROUP GALAXIES; DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SURVEY STELLAR SPECTRA; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; AGB STARS; SPLASH SURVEY; METAL-POOR AB We spectroscopically identify a sample of carbon stars in the satellites and halo of M31 using moderate-resolution optical spectroscopy from the Spectroscopic and Photometric Landscape of Andromeda's Stellar Halo survey. We present the photometric properties of our sample of 41 stars, including their brightness with respect to the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) and their distributions in various color-color spaces. This analysis reveals a bluer population of carbon stars fainter than the TRGB and a redder population of carbon stars brighter than the TRGB. We then apply principal component analysis to determine the sample's eigenspectra and eigencoefficients. Correlating the eigencoefficients with various observable properties reveals the spectral features that trace effective temperature and metallicity. Putting the spectroscopic and photometric information together, we find the carbon stars in the satellites and halo of M31 to be minimally impacted by dust and internal dynamics. We also find that while there is evidence to suggest that the sub-TRGB stars are extrinsic in origin, it is also possible that they are are particularly faint members of the asymptotic giant branch. C1 [Hamren, Katherine; Guhathakurta, Puragra; Rockosi, Constance M.; Smith, Graeme H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Beaton, Rachael L.] Observ Carnegie Inst Sci, 813 Santa Barbara St, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Gilbert, Karoline M.; Tollerud, Erik J.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gilbert, Karoline M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Boyer, Martha L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Majewski, Steven R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Howley, Kirsten] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hamren, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM khamren@ucolick.org OI Guhathakurta, Puragra/0000-0001-8867-4234 FU NSF [AST-1010039, AST-1412648, AST-1413269]; NASA [HST-GO-12055]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; Giacconi Fellowship FX The authors would like to thank Bernhard Aringer and Leo Girardi for helpful conversations and an early look at the 2016 cool star models. We would also like to thank Marla Geha, James Bullock, and Jason Kalirai for their work on the SPLASH survey over the years. and their willingness to provide data for this paper. P.G. and K.H. acknowledge NSF grants AST-1010039 and AST-1412648 and NASA grant HST-GO-12055. R.L.B. and S.R.M. thank NSF grant AST-1413269. K. H. was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, and E.J.T. was supported by a Giacconi Fellowship. We appreciate the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always held within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most grateful to have had the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. NR 100 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 828 IS 1 AR 15 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/15 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EA8OE UT WOS:000386894900015 ER PT J AU Han, C Udalski, A Gould, A Zhu, W Street, RA Yee, JC Beichman, C Bryden, C Novati, SC Carey, S Fausnaugh, M Gaudi, BS Henderson, CB Shvartzvald, Y Wibking, B Szymanski, MK Soszynski, I Skowron, J Mroz, P Poleski, R Pietrukowicz, P Kozlowski, S Ulaczyk, K Wyrzykowski, L Pawlak, M Tsapras, Y Hundertmark, M Bachelet, E Dominik, M Bramich, DM Cassan, A Jaimes, RF Horne, K Ranc, C Schmidt, R Snodgrass, C Wambsganss, J Steele, IA Menzies, J Mao, S Bozza, V Jorgensen, UG Alsubai, KA Ciceri, S D'Ago, G Haugbolle, T Hessman, FV Hinse, TC Juncher, D Korhonen, H Mancini, L Popovas, A Rabus, M Rahvar, S Scarpetta, G Skottfelt, J Southworth, J Starkey, D Surdej, J Wertz, O Zarucki, M Pogge, RW DePpoy, DL AF Han, C. Udalski, A. Gould, A. Zhu, Wei Street, R. A. Yee, J. C. Beichman, C. Bryden, C. Novati, S. Calchi Carey, S. Fausnaugh, M. Gaudi, B. S. Henderson, Calen B. Shvartzvald, Y. Wibking, B. Szymanski, M. K. Soszynski, I. Skowron, J. Mroz, P. Poleski, R. Pietrukowicz, P. Kozlowski, S. Ulaczyk, K. Wyrzykowski, L. Pawlak, M. Tsapras, Y. Hundertmark, M. Bachelet, E. Dominik, M. Bramich, D. M. Cassan, A. Jaimes, R. Figuera Horne, K. Ranc, C. Schmidt, R. Snodgrass, C. Wambsganss, J. Steele, I. A. Menzies, J. Mao, S. Bozza, V. Jorgensen, U. G. Alsubai, K. A. Ciceri, S. D'Ago, G. Haugbolle, T. Hessman, F. V. Hinse, T. C. Juncher, D. Korhonen, H. Mancini, L. Popovas, A. Rabus, M. Rahvar, S. Scarpetta, G. Skottfelt, J. Southworth, J. Starkey, D. Surdej, J. Wertz, O. Zarucki, M. Pogge, R. W. DePpoy, D. L. CA Spitzer Microlensing Team OGLE Collaboration RoboNet Collaboration MINDSTEp Consortium Fun Collaboration TI OGLE-2015-BLG-0479LA,B: BINARY GRAVITATIONAL MICROLENS CHARACTERIZED BY SIMULTANEOUS GROUND-BASED AND SPACE-BASED OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: general; gravitational lensing: micro ID DIFFERENCE IMAGE-ANALYSIS; PARALLAX SATELLITE MASS; LENSING EXPERIMENT; PLANET PHOTOMETRY; GALACTIC BULGE; OGLE-III; SPITZER; EVENTS; STARS; DISTANCES AB We present a combined analysis of the observations of the gravitational microlensing event OGLE-2015-BLG-0479 taken both from the ground and by the Spitzer Space Telescope. The light curves seen from the ground and from space exhibit a time offset of similar to 13 days between the caustic spikes, indicating that the relative lens-source positions seen from the two places are displaced by parallax effects. From modeling the light curves, we measure the space-based microlens parallax. Combined with the angular Einstein radius measured by analyzing the caustic crossings, we determine the mass and distance of the lens. We find that the lens is a binary composed of two G-type stars with masses of similar to 1.0 M-circle dot and similar to 0.9 M-circle dot located at a distance. of similar to 3 kpc. In addition, we are able to constrain the complete orbital parameters of the lens thanks to the precise measurement of the microlens parallax derived from the joint analysis. In contrast to the binary event OGLE-2014-BLG-1050, which was also observed by Spitzer, we find that the interpretation of OGLE-2015-BLG-0479 does not suffer from the degeneracy between (+/-, +/-) and (+/-, -/+) solutions, confirming that the four-fold parallax degeneracy in single-lens events collapses into the two-fold degeneracy for the general case of binary-lens events. The location of the blend in the color-magnitude diagram is consistent with the lens properties, suggesting that the blend is the lens itself. The blend is bright enough for spectroscopy and thus this possibility can be checked from future follow-up observations. C1 [Han, C.] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. [Udalski, A.; Szymanski, M. K.; Soszynski, I.; Skowron, J.; Mroz, P.; Poleski, R.; Pietrukowicz, P.; Kozlowski, S.; Ulaczyk, K.; Wyrzykowski, L.; Pawlak, M.] Univ Warsaw Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Gould, A.; Zhu, Wei; Gaudi, B. S.; Wibking, B.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Gould, A.; Ciceri, S.] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Street, R. A.] Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Phys & Astron, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England. [Yee, J. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Beichman, C.] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, MS 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bryden, C.; Henderson, Calen B.; Shvartzvald, Y.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Novati, S. Calchi] Univ Salerno, Dipartimento Fis ER Caianiello, Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy. [Novati, S. Calchi] IIASS, Via G Pellegrino 19, I-84019 Vietri Sul Mare, SA, Italy. [Carey, S.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, MS 220-6, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Tsapras, Y.; Jaimes, R. Figuera; Schmidt, R.; Wambsganss, J.] Univ Heidelberg ZAH, Zentrum Astron, Astronom Rechen Inst, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hundertmark, M.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Oster Voldgade 5, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Hundertmark, M.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Star & Planet Format, Oster Voldgade 5, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Bachelet, E.] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Dr,Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Bachelet, E.; Bramich, D. M.; Alsubai, K. A.] Qatar Fdn, HBKU, QEERI, Doha, Qatar. [Dominik, M.; Jaimes, R. Figuera; Horne, K.; Starkey, D.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys Astron, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Ranc, C.] UPMC Univ Paris 6, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris,UMR 7095, 98 Bis Bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France. [Snodgrass, C.] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Planetary & Space Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Steele, I. A.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Liverpool CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. [Menzies, J.] South African Astron Observ, POB 9, ZA-7935 Observatory, South Africa. [Mao, S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Jorgensen, U. G.; Haugbolle, T.; Juncher, D.; Korhonen, H.; Popovas, A.; Skottfelt, J.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Hessman, F. V.] Georg August Univ Gottingen, Inst Astrophys, Friedrich Hund Pl 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Hinse, T. C.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, 776 Daedeokdae Ro, Daejeon 305348, South Korea. [Korhonen, H.] Univ Turku, Finnish Ctr Astron ESO FINCA, Vaisalantie 20, FI-21500 Piikkio, Finland. [Rabus, M.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Inst Astrofis, Av Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile. [Rahvar, S.] Sharif Univ Technol, Dept Phys, POB 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran. [Southworth, J.] Keele Univ, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Surdej, J.; Wertz, O.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [DePpoy, D. L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Han, C (reprint author), Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. RI Korhonen, Heidi/E-3065-2016; D'Ago, Giuseppe/N-8318-2016 OI Korhonen, Heidi/0000-0003-0529-1161; D'Ago, Giuseppe/0000-0001-9697-7331 FU Creative Research Initiative Program of National Research Foundation of Korea [2009-0081561]; National Science Centre, Poland [MAESTRO 2014/14/A/ST9/00121]; JPL grant [1500811]; NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program; NASA FX Work by C. Han was supported by the Creative Research Initiative Program (2009-0081561) of National Research Foundation of Korea. The OGLE project has received funding from the National Science Centre, Poland, grant MAESTRO 2014/14/A/ST9/00121 to A.U. The OGLE Team thanks Profs. M.. Kubiak and G.. Pietrzynski, former members of the OGLE team, for their contribution to the collection of the OGLE photometric data over the past years. Work by A.G. was supported by JPL grant 1500811. Work by J.C.Y. was performed under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. Work by C.B.H. and Y.S. was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, administered by Universities Space Research Association through a contract with NASA. The Spitzer Team thanks Christopher S. Kochanek for graciously trading us his allocated observing time on the CTIO 1.3m during the Spitzer campaign. We acknowledge the high-speed internet service (KREONET) provided by Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI). NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 828 IS 1 AR 53 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/53 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EA8OE UT WOS:000386894900053 ER PT J AU Lieman-Sifry, J Hughes, AM Carpenter, JM Gorti, U Hales, A Flaherty, KM AF Lieman-Sifry, Jesse Hughes, A. Meredith Carpenter, John M. Gorti, Uma Hales, Antonio Flaherty, Kevin M. TI DEBRIS DISKS IN THE SCORPIUS-CENTAURUS OB ASSOCIATION RESOLVED BY ALMA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; planetary systems; planets and satellites: formation; protoplanetary disks; submillimeter: planetary systems ID TERRESTRIAL PLANET FORMATION; CIRCLE-DOT STARS; ANALOG HD 107146; A-TYPE STARS; BETA-PICTORIS; DUSTY DEBRIS; MOLECULAR GAS; MILLIMETER EMISSION; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; SCATTERED-LIGHT AB We present a CO(2-1) and 1240 mu m continuum survey of 23 debris disks with spectral types B9-G1, observed at an angular resolution of 0.5 ''-1 '' with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). The sample was selected for large infrared excess and age similar to 10 Myr, to characterize the prevalence of molecular gas emission in young debris disks. We identify three CO-rich debris disks, plus two additional tentative (3 sigma) CO detections. Twenty disks were detected in the continuum at the >3 sigma level. For the 12 disks in the sample that are spatially resolved by our observations, we perform an independent analysis of the interferometric continuum visibilities to constrain the basic dust disk geometry, as well as a simultaneous analysis of the visibilities and broadband spectral energy distribution to constrain the characteristic grain size and disk mass. The gas-rich debris disks exhibit preferentially larger outer radii in their dust disks, and a higher prevalence of characteristic grain sizes smaller than the blowout size. The gas-rich disks do not exhibit preferentially larger dust masses, contrary to expectations for a scenario in which a higher cometary destruction rate would be expected to result in a larger mass of both CO and dust. The three debris disks in our sample with strong CO detections are all around A stars: the conditions in disks around intermediate-mass stars appear to be the most conducive to the survival or formation of CO. C1 [Lieman-Sifry, Jesse; Hughes, A. Meredith; Flaherty, Kevin M.] Wesleyan Univ, Van Vleck Observ, Dept Astron, 96 Foss Hill Dr, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Carpenter, John M.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Carpenter, John M.; Hales, Antonio] Joint ALMA Observ, Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array, Alonso Cordova 3107, Santiago 7630355, Chile. [Gorti, Uma] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. [Gorti, Uma] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Hales, Antonio] Natl Radio Astron Observ, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Lieman-Sifry, J (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Van Vleck Observ, Dept Astron, 96 Foss Hill Dr, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. FU NSF [AST-1412647, CNS-0619508]; NASA CT Space Grant Directed Campus Scholarship FX The authors thank Angelo Ricarte for his contributions to the code base and helpful comments, and the anonymous referee for a careful commentary that improved the paper. J.L.S. and A.M.H. gratefully acknowledge support from NSF grant AST-1412647. J.L.S. was also supported in part by a NASA CT Space Grant Directed Campus Scholarship. We acknowledge Wesleyan University for time on its high-performance computing cluster, supported by the NSF under grant number CNS-0619508. This work makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO. ALMA#2012.1.00688. S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/ NRAO, and NAOJ. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services, as well as Astropy, a community-developed core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013). NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 828 IS 1 AR 25 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/25 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EA8OE UT WOS:000386894900025 ER PT J AU Lomax, JR Wisniewski, JP Grady, CA McElwain, MW Hashimoto, J Kudo, T Kusakabe, N Okamoto, YK Fukagawa, M Abe, L Brandner, W Brandt, TD Carson, JC Currie, TM Egner, S Feldt, M Goto, M Guyon, O Hayano, Y Hayashi, M Hayashi, SS Henning, T Hodapp, KW Inoue, A Ishii, M Iye, M Janson, M Kandori, R Knapp, GR Kuzuhara, M Kwon, J Matsuo, T Mayama, S Miyama, S Momose, M Morino, JI Moro-Martin, A Nishimura, T Pyo, TS Schneider, GH Serabyn, E Sitko, ML Suenaga, T Suto, H Suzuki, R Takahashi, YH Takami, M Takato, N Terada, H Thalmann, C Tomono, D Turner, EL Watanabe, M Yamada, T Takami, H Usuda, T Tamura, M AF Lomax, Jamie R. Wisniewski, John P. Grady, Carol A. McElwain, Michael W. Hashimoto, Jun Kudo, Tomoyuki Kusakabe, Nobuhiko Okamoto, Yoshiko K. Fukagawa, Misato Abe, Lyu Brandner, Wolfgang Brandt, Timothy D. Carson, Joseph C. Currie, Thayne M. Egner, Sebastian Feldt, Markus Goto, Miwa Guyon, Olivier Hayano, Yutaka Hayashi, Masahiko Hayashi, Saeko S. Henning, Thomas Hodapp, Klaus W. Inoue, Akio Ishii, Miki Iye, Masanori Janson, Markus Kandori, Ryo Knapp, Gillian R. Kuzuhara, Masayuki Kwon, Jungmi Matsuo, Taro Mayama, Satoshi Miyama, Shoken Momose, Munetake Morino, Jun-Ichi Moro-Martin, Amaya Nishimura, Tetsuo Pyo, Tae-Soo Schneider, Glenn H. Serabyn, Eugene Sitko, Michael L. Suenaga, Takuya Suto, Hiroshi Suzuki, Ryuji Takahashi, Yasuhiro H. Takami, Michihiro Takato, Naruhisa Terada, Hiroshi Thalmann, Christian Tomono, Daigo Turner, Edwin L. Watanabe, Makoto Yamada, Toru Takami, Hideki Usuda, Tomonori Tamura, Motohide TI CONSTRAINING THE MOVEMENT OF THE SPIRAL FEATURES AND THE LOCATIONS OF PLANETARY BODIES WITHIN THE AB AUR SYSTEM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planet-disk interactions; planetary systems; protoplanetary disks; radiative transfer; stars: individual (AB Aur); stars: pre-main sequence ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; HERBIG AE STARS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST; PROTOPLANETARY DISK; RADIATION TRANSFER; INTERSTELLAR DUST; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; TAURUS-AURIGA AB We present a new analysis of multi-epoch, H-band, scattered light images of the AB Aur system. We use a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code to simultaneously model the system's spectral energy distribution (SED) and H-band polarized intensity (PI) imagery. We find that a disk-dominated model, as opposed to one that is envelope-dominated, can plausibly reproduce AB Aur's SED and near-IR imagery. This is consistent with previous modeling attempts presented in the literature and supports the idea that at least a subset of AB Aur's spirals originate within the disk. In light of this, we also analyzed the movement of spiral structures in multi-epoch H-band total light and PI imagery of the disk. We detect no significant rotation or change in spatial location of the spiral structures in these data, which span a 5.8-year baseline. If such structures are caused by disk-planet interactions, the lack of observed rotation constrains the location of the orbit of planetary perturbers to be >47 au. C1 [Lomax, Jamie R.; Wisniewski, John P.; Hashimoto, Jun] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys, Norman, OK 73071 USA. [Grady, Carol A.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Grady, Carol A.] Eureka Sci, 2452 Delmer,Suite 100, Oakland, CA 96002 USA. [Grady, Carol A.] Goddard Ctr Astrobiol, Pasadena, CA USA. [McElwain, Michael W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 6681, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kudo, Tomoyuki; Currie, Thayne M.; Egner, Sebastian; Guyon, Olivier; Hayano, Yutaka; Hayashi, Saeko S.; Nishimura, Tetsuo; Pyo, Tae-Soo; Takato, Naruhisa; Terada, Hiroshi; Tomono, Daigo] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, 650 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Kusakabe, Nobuhiko; Hayashi, Masahiko; Ishii, Miki; Iye, Masanori; Kandori, Ryo; Morino, Jun-Ichi; Suenaga, Takuya; Suto, Hiroshi; Suzuki, Ryuji; Takahashi, Yasuhiro H.; Takami, Hideki; Tamura, Motohide] Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Okamoto, Yoshiko K.] Ibaraki Univ, Fac Sci, Inst Astrophys & Planetary Sci, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. [Fukagawa, Misato] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Abe, Lyu] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observ Cote Azur, Lab Lagrange UMR 7293, 28 Ave Valrose, F-06108 Nice 2, France. [Brandner, Wolfgang] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Brandt, Timothy D.; Turner, Edwin L.] Inst Adv Study, Dept Astrophys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Carson, Joseph C.] Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, 58 Coming St, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Goto, Miwa] Univ Munich, Univ Sternwarte Munchen, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Hodapp, Klaus W.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 640 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Janson, Markus] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Knapp, Gillian R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall,Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kuzuhara, Masayuki] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kwon, Jungmi; Usuda, Tomonori; Tamura, Motohide] Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Matsuo, Taro] Kyoto Univ, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kitashirakawa Oiwake Cho, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Mayama, Satoshi] Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Ctr Promot Integrated Sci, Hayama Cho, Hayama, Kanagawa 2400193, Japan. [Miyama, Shoken] Hiroshima Univ, 1-3-2 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 7398511, Japan. [Momose, Munetake] Ibaraki Univ, Coll Sci, Bunkyo 2-1-1, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. [Moro-Martin, Amaya] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Moro-Martin, Amaya] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Schneider, Glenn H.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Serabyn, Eugene] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Sitko, Michael L.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Sitko, Michael L.] Space Sci Inst, 475 Walnut St,Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Suenaga, Takuya] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Dept Astron Sci, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Takami, Michihiro] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Thalmann, Christian] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Astron, Wolfgang Pauli Str 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Watanabe, Makoto] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Cosmosci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Yamada, Toru] Tohoku Univ, Astron Inst, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RP Lomax, JR (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys, Norman, OK 73071 USA. EM Jamie.R.Lomax@ou.edu; wisniewski@ou.edu; carol.a.grady@nasa.gov RI MIYAMA, Shoken/A-3598-2015 FU NASA Origins of Solar System program [NNX13AK17G, RTOP 12-OSS12-0045, NNG13PB64P]; MEXT Japan; Mitsubishi Foundation; [NSF-AST 1009203]; [1008440]; [1009314] FX We acknowledge support from NSF-AST 1009203 (J.C.), 1008440 (C.G.), and 1009314 (E.R., J.W., J.H.) and the NASA Origins of Solar System program under NNX13AK17G (J.W.), RTOP 12-OSS12-0045 (M.M.), and NNG13PB64P (C.G.). This work is partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Science Research in a Priority Area from MEXT Japan and by the Mitsubishi Foundation. The authors recognize and acknowledge the significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. We wish to extend special thanks to those of Hawaiian ancestry on whose sacred mountain we are privileged to be guests. This work is based in part on data collected at the Subaru Telescope, which is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. We also thank Barbara Whitney for providing us with helpful feedback that improved our paper and for clarifying aspects of her HOCHUNK3D code, and Anthony Paat for helping run models. Additionally, we would like to thank the anonymous reviewer for providing comments that led to an improved paper. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 828 IS 1 AR 2 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EA8OE UT WOS:000386894900002 ER PT J AU Nelson, EJ van Dokkum, PG Schreiber, NMF Franx, M Brammer, GB Momcheva, IG Wuyts, S Whitaker, KE Skelton, RE Fumagalli, M Hayward, CC Kriek, M Labbe, I Leja, J Rix, HW Tacconi, LJ van der Wel, A van den Bosch, FC Oesch, PA Dickey, C Lange, JU AF Nelson, Erica June van Dokkum, Pieter G. Schreiber, Natascha M. Foerster Franx, Marijn Brammer, Gabriel B. Momcheva, Ivelina G. Wuyts, Stijn Whitaker, Katherine E. Skelton, Rosalind E. Fumagalli, Mattia Hayward, Christopher C. Kriek, Mariska Labbe, Ivo Leja, Joel Rix, Hans-Walter Tacconi, Linda J. van der Wel, Arjen van den Bosch, Frank C. Oesch, Pascal A. Dickey, Claire Lange, Johannes Ulf TI WHERE STARS FORM: INSIDE-OUT GROWTH AND COHERENT STAR FORMATION FROM HST H alpha MAPS OF 3200 GALAXIES ACROSS THE MAIN SEQUENCE AT 0.7 < z < 1.5 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: star formation; galaxies: structure ID SIMILAR-TO 2; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SINS/ZC-SINF SURVEY; INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; ULTRA-DEEP FIELD; EXTRAGALACTIC LEGACY SURVEY; COMPACT QUIESCENT GALAXIES; MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; KILOPARSEC-SCALE CLUMPS AB We present H alpha maps at 1 kpc spatial resolution for star-forming galaxies at z similar to 1, made possible by the Wide Field Camera 3 grism on Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Employing this capability over all five 3D-HST/CANDELS fields provides a sample of 3200 galaxies enabling a division into subsamples based on stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR). By creating deep stacked H alpha images, we reach surface brightness limits of 1 x 10(-18) erg s(-1) cm(-2) arc sec(-2), allowing us to map the distribution of ionized gas to similar to 10 kpc for typical L* galaxies at this epoch. We find that the spatial extent of the H alpha distribution increases with stellar mass as r(H alpha) = 1.5(M-*/10(10) M-circle dot)(0.23) kpc. The H alpha emission is more extended than the stellar continuum emission, consistent with inside-out assembly of galactic disks. This effect grows stronger with mass as r(H alpha)/r(*) = 1.1(M-*/10(10) M-circle dot)(0.054). We map the H alpha distribution as a function of SFR(IR+UV) and find evidence for "coherent star formation" across the SFR-M-* plane: above the main sequence (MS), H alpha is enhanced at all radii; below the MS, H alpha is depressed at all radii. This suggests that at all masses the physical processes driving the enhancement or suppression of star formation act throughout the disks of galaxies. At high masses (10(10.5) < M-*/M-circle dot < 10(11)), above the MS, H alpha is particularly enhanced in the center, potentially building bulges and/or supermassive black holes. Below the MS, a strong central dip in the EW(H alpha), as well as. the inferred specific SFR, appears. Importantly, though, across the entirety of the SFR-M-* plane, the absolute SFR as traced by H alpha is always centrally peaked, even in galaxies below the MS. C1 [Nelson, Erica June; van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Momcheva, Ivelina G.; Leja, Joel; van den Bosch, Frank C.; Oesch, Pascal A.; Dickey, Claire; Lange, Johannes Ulf] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Schreiber, Natascha M. Foerster; Wuyts, Stijn; Tacconi, Linda J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Franx, Marijn; Fumagalli, Mattia; Labbe, Ivo] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, Leiden, Netherlands. [Brammer, Gabriel B.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Wuyts, Stijn] Univ Bath, Dept Phys, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Whitaker, Katherine E.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Skelton, Rosalind E.] South African Astron Observ, POB 9, ZA-7935 Observatory, South Africa. [Hayward, Christopher C.] CALTECH, TAPIR, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hayward, Christopher C.] Harvard Smithsonian CfA, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kriek, Mariska] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rix, Hans-Walter; van der Wel, Arjen] MPIA, Konigstuhl 17, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Nelson, EJ (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RI Skelton, Rosalind/S-1845-2016 OI Skelton, Rosalind/0000-0001-7393-3336 FU 3D-HST Treasury Program [GO 12177, 12328]; NASA [NAS5-26555]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship FX We thank the referee for their thoughtful report,. which improved the paper. This work is based on observations taken by the 3D-HST Treasury Program (GO 12177 and 12328) with the NASA/ESA HST, which is operated by the Associations of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. E.J.N. gratefully acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 202 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 828 IS 1 AR 27 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/27 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EA8OE UT WOS:000386894900027 ER PT J AU Odegard, N Kogut, A Chuss, DT Miller, NJ AF Odegard, N. Kogut, A. Chuss, D. T. Miller, N. J. TI ASSESSMENT OF MODELS OF GALACTIC THERMAL DUST EMISSION USING COBE/FIRAS AND COBE/DIRBE OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; infrared: ISM; submillimeter: ISM ID BACKGROUND EXPERIMENT SEARCH; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; AMORPHOUS SOLIDS; COBE FIRAS; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENT; SPECTRAL OBSERVATIONS; INFRARED-EMISSION; GAL OBSERVATIONS; COLD CLUMPS; PLANCK AB Accurate modeling of the spectrum of thermal dust emission at millimeter wavelengths is important for improving the accuracy of foreground subtraction for cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements, for improving the accuracy with which the contributions of different foreground emission components can be determined, and for improving our understanding of dust composition and dust physics. We fit four models of dust emission to high Galactic latitude COBE/FIRAS and COBE/DIRBE observations from 3 mm to 100 mu m and compare the quality of the fits. We consider the two-level systems (TLS) model because it provides a physically motivated explanation for the observed long wavelength flattening of the dust spectrum and the anti-correlation between emissivity index and dust temperature. We consider the model of Finkbeiner et al. because it has been widely used for CMB studies, and the generalized version of this model that was recently applied to Planck data by Meisner and Finkbeiner. For comparison we have also fit a phenomenological model consisting of the sum of two graybody components. We find that the two-graybody model gives the best fit and the FDS model gives a significantly poorer fit than the other models. The Meisner and Finkbeiner model and the TLS model remain viable for use in Galactic foreground subtraction, but the FIRAS data do not have a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio to provide a strong test of the predicted spectrum at millimeter wavelengths. C1 [Odegard, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ADNET Syst Inc, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kogut, A.; Miller, N. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chuss, D. T.] Villanova Univ, Dept Phys, 800 E Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Miller, N. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Odegard, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ADNET Syst Inc, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Nils.Odegard@nasa.gov NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 828 IS 1 AR 16 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/16 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EA8OE UT WOS:000386894900016 ER PT J AU Parmentier, V Fortney, JJ Showman, AP Morley, C Marley, MS AF Parmentier, Vivien Fortney, Jonathan J. Showman, Adam P. Morley, Caroline Marley, Mark S. TI TRANSITIONS IN THE CLOUD COMPOSITION OF HOT JUPITERS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets and satellites: gaseous planets; radiative transfer; scattering ID 3-DIMENSIONAL ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; GREY ANALYTICAL-MODEL; EXOPLANET HD 189733B; OPTICAL-PHASE CURVES; MASS DWARF STARS; BROWN DWARFS; IRRADIATED ATMOSPHERES; THERMAL STRUCTURE; TRANSMISSION SPECTRUM AB Over a large range of equilibrium temperatures, clouds shape the transmission spectrum of hot Jupiter atmospheres, yet their composition remains unknown. Recent observations show that the Kepler light. curves of some hot Jupiters are asymmetric: for the hottest planets, the light. curve peaks before secondary eclipse, whereas for planets cooler than similar to 1900 K, it peaks after secondary eclipse. We use the thermal structure from 3D global circulation models to determine the expected cloud distribution and Kepler light. curves of hot Jupiters. We demonstrate that the change from an optical light. curve dominated by thermal emission to one dominated by scattering (reflection) naturally explains the observed trend from negative to positive offset. For the cool planets the presence of an asymmetry in the Kepler light curve is a telltale sign of the cloud composition, because each cloud species can produce an offset only over a narrow range of effective temperatures. By comparing our models and the observations, we show that the cloud composition of hot Jupiters likely varies with equilibrium temperature. We suggest that a transition occurs between silicate and manganese sulfide clouds at a temperature near 1600 K, analogous to the L/T transition on brown dwarfs. The cold trapping of cloud species below the photosphere naturally produces such a transition and predicts similar transitions for other condensates, including TiO. We predict that most hot Jupiters should have cloudy nightsides, that partial cloudiness should be common at the limb, and that the dayside hot spot should often be cloud-free. C1 [Parmentier, Vivien; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Morley, Caroline] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Parmentier, Vivien; Showman, Adam P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Parmentier, Vivien; Showman, Adam P.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Marley, Mark S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Parmentier, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.; Parmentier, V (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.; Parmentier, V (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Marley, Mark/0000-0002-5251-2943 FU Sagan Postdoctoral Fellowship through NASA Exoplanet Science Institute; Origins grant [NNX12AI196] FX We thank Mike Line for reading the manuscript and providing useful comments and Kevin Stevenson for useful discussions. V. P. acknowledges support from the Sagan Postdoctoral Fellowship through the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. A.P.S. was supported by Origins grant NNX12AI196. NR 85 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 828 IS 1 AR 22 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/22 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EA8OE UT WOS:000386894900022 ER PT J AU Sadykov, VM Kosovichev, AG Sharykin, IN Zimovets, IV Dominguez, SV AF Sadykov, Viacheslav M. Kosovichev, Alexander G. Sharykin, Ivan N. Zimovets, Ivan V. Vargas Dominguez, Santiago TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION AND MAGNETIC FIELD TOPOLOGY IN AN M-CLASS SOLAR FLARE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: chromosphere; Sun: flares; Sun: magnetic fields; Sun: UV radiation; techniques: spectroscopic ID LOOP RADIATIVE HYDRODYNAMICS; QUASI-SEPARATRIX LAYERS; REGION-IMAGING-SPECTROGRAPH; SLIP-RUNNING RECONNECTION; THICK-TARGET; RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS; MODEL; IRIS; DYNAMICS; PLASMA AB Chromospheric evaporation is observed as Doppler blueshift during solar flares. It plays a key role in the dynamics and energetics of solar flares; however, its mechanism is still unknown. In this paper,. we present a detailed analysis of spatially resolved multi-wavelength observations of chromospheric evaporation during an M 1.0-class solar flare (SOL2014-06-12T21:12) using data from NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph and HMI/SDO (the. Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on. board. the. Solar Dynamics Observatory), and high-resolution observations from VIS/NST (the. Visible Imaging Spectrometer at the. New Solar Telescope). The results show that the averaged over the flare region Fe XXI blueshift of the hot (10(7) K) evaporating plasma is delayed relative to the C II redshift of the relatively cold (10(4) K) chromospheric plasma by about one minute. The spatial distribution of the delays is not uniform across the region and can be as long as two minutes in several zones. Using vector magnetograms from HMI, we reconstruct the magnetic field topology and the quasi-separatrix layer, and find that the blueshift delay regions as well as the Ha flare ribbons are connected to the region of the. magnetic polarity inversion line (PIL) and an expanding flux rope via a system of low-lying loop arcades with a. height of less than or similar to 4.5 Mm. As a result, the chromospheric evaporation may be driven by the energy release in the vicinity of PIL, and has the observed properties due to a local magnetic field topology. C1 [Sadykov, Viacheslav M.; Kosovichev, Alexander G.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Kosovichev, Alexander G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kosovichev, Alexander G.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sharykin, Ivan N.; Zimovets, Ivan V.] Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst IKI, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Vargas Dominguez, Santiago] Univ Nacl Colombia, Observ Astron, Sede Bogota, Carrera 45 26-85, Bogota, Colombia. RP Sadykov, VM (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RI Zimovets, Ivan/E-4431-2017 OI Zimovets, Ivan/0000-0001-6995-3684 FU NJIT; US NSF [AGS-1250818]; NASA [NNX13AG14G, NNX14AB68G, NNX14AB70G, NNX11AO736]; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Seoul National University; strategic priority research program of CAS [XDB09000000]; ESA; Norwegian Space Centre; NSF [AGS-1250818]; RFBR [15-32-21078, 16-32-00462] FX The authors acknowledge the BBSO, IRIS, and SDO mission teams for their contribution and support. The BBSO operation is supported by NJIT, US NSF AGS-1250818, and NASA NNX13AG14G grants, and the NST operation is partly supported by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute and Seoul National University and by the strategic priority research program of CAS with grant No. XDB09000000. IRIS is a NASA small explorer mission developed and operated by LMSAL with mission operations executed at the NASA Ames Research Center and major contributions to downlink communications funded by ESA and the Norwegian Space Centre. The authors thank NASA's SDO HMI team for the availability of the high-quality scientific data. The authors also thank the. anonymous referee for valuable comments. The work was partially supported by NASA grants NNX14AB68G, NNX14AB70G, and NNX11AO736; NSF grant AGS-1250818; RFBR grants 15-32-21078 and 16-32-00462; and an NJIT grant. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 828 IS 1 AR 4 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/4 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EA8OE UT WOS:000386894900004 ER PT J AU Watson, DM Calvet, NP Fischer, WJ Forrest, WJ Manoj, P Megeath, ST Melnick, GJ Najita, J Neufeld, DA Sheehan, PD Stutz, AM Tobin, JJ AF Watson, Dan M. Calvet, Nuria P. Fischer, William J. Forrest, W. J. Manoj, P. Megeath, S. Thomas Melnick, Gary J. Najita, Joan Neufeld, David A. Sheehan, Patrick D. Stutz, Amelia M. Tobin, John J. TI EVOLUTION OF MASS OUTFLOW IN PROTOSTARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Herbig-Haro objects; ISM: jets and outflows; shock waves; stars: jets; stars: pre-main sequence stars: protostars ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; STAR-FORMING REGIONS; T-TAURI STARS; MAGNETOCENTRIFUGALLY DRIVEN FLOWS; PROTOSTELLAR ACCRETION DISCS; FAST INTERSTELLAR SHOCKS; O I LINE; 63 MU-M; C-II AB We have surveyed 84 Class 0, Class I, and flat-spectrum protostars in mid-infrared [Si II], [Fe II], and [S I] line emission, and 11 of these in far-infrared [O I] emission. We use the results to derive their mass. outflow rates, (M) over dot(w). Thereby we observe a strong correlation of (M) over dot(w) with bolometric luminosity, and with the inferred mass accretion rates of the central objects, (M) over dot(a), which continues through the Class 0 range the trend observed in Class II young stellar objects. Along this trend from large to small mass. flow rates, the different classes of young stellar objects lie in the sequence Class 0-Class I/flat-spectrum-Class II, indicating that the trend is an evolutionary sequence in which (M) over dot(a) and (M) over dot(w) decrease together with increasing age, while maintaining rough proportionality. The survey results include two that. are key tests of magnetocentrifugal outflow-acceleration mechanisms: the distribution of the outflow/accretion branching ratio b = (M) over dot(w)/(M) over dot(a), and limits on the distribution of outflow speeds. Neither rules out any of the three leading outflow-acceleration, angular-momentum-ejection mechanisms, but they provide some evidence that disk winds and accretion-powered stellar winds (APSWs) operate in many protostars. An upper edge observed in the branching-ratio distribution is consistent with the upper bound of b = 0.6 found in models of APSWs, and a large fraction (31%) of the sample have a. branching ratio sufficiently small that only disk winds, launched on scales as large as several au, have been demonstrated to account for them. C1 [Watson, Dan M.; Forrest, W. J.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Calvet, Nuria P.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 825 Dennison Bldg,500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Fischer, William J.; Megeath, S. Thomas] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Fischer, William J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Manoj, P.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Homi Bhabha Rd, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. [Melnick, Gary J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Najita, Joan] Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Neufeld, David A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sheehan, Patrick D.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Stutz, Amelia M.] Max Planck Inst Astron, Koenigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Tobin, John J.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Watson, DM (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM dmw@pas.rochester.edu FU NASA [NNX14AF79G] FX We are grateful to Ingrid Koch for her help with the IRS data reduction. This work was supported in part by NASA grant NNX14AF79G. NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 828 IS 1 AR 52 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/52 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EA8OE UT WOS:000386894900052 ER PT J AU Koster, RD Brocca, L Crow, WT Burgin, MS De Lannoy, GJM AF Koster, Randal D. Brocca, Luca Crow, Wade T. Burgin, Mariko S. De Lannoy, Gabrielle J. M. TI Precipitation estimation using L-band and C-band soil moisture retrievals SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE precipitation; soil moisture; remote sensing ID TIME SATELLITE PRECIPITATION; DATA SETS; RAINFALL AB An established methodology for estimating precipitation amounts from satellite-based soil moisture retrievals is applied to L-band products from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite missions and to a C-band product from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) mission. The precipitation estimates so obtained are evaluated against in situ (gauge-based) precipitation observations from across the globe. The precipitation estimation skill achieved using the L-band SMAP and SMOS data sets is higher than that obtained with the C-band product, as might be expected given that L-band is sensitive to a thicker layer of soil and thereby provides more information on the response of soil moisture to precipitation. The square of the correlation coefficient between the SMAP-based precipitation estimates and the observations (for aggregations to approximate to 100 km and 5 days) is on average about 0.6 in areas of high rain gauge density. Satellite missions specifically designed to monitor soil moisture thus do provide significant information on precipitation variability, information that could contribute to efforts in global precipitation estimation. C1 [Koster, Randal D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brocca, Luca] CNR, Res Inst Geohydrol Protect, Perugia, Italy. [Crow, Wade T.] USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Burgin, Mariko S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [De Lannoy, Gabrielle J. M.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Heverlee, Belgium. RP Koster, RD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM randal.d.koster@nasa.gov RI Brocca, Luca/F-2854-2010; Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012 OI Brocca, Luca/0000-0002-9080-260X; Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383 FU NASA SMAP mission; SMAP Science Team; Italian Department of Civil Protection FX Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This work (mainly carried out at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) was supported by the NASA SMAP mission and the SMAP Science Team. Author Brocca appreciates support from the Italian Department of Civil Protection. Qing Liu and Clara Draper assisted with the processing of the data. SMAP data are available from https://nsidc.org/data/smap, SMOS data from https://smos-ds-02.eo.esa.int/oads/access/, and ASCAT data from http://www.eumetsat.int/website/home/index.htm. Precipitation data are available from ftp://ftp.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/precip/CPC_UNI_PRCP/GAUGE_GLB. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 52 IS 9 BP 7213 EP 7225 DI 10.1002/2016WR019024 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EA9QC UT WOS:000386977900029 ER PT J AU Wiese, DN Landerer, FW Watkins, MM AF Wiese, David N. Landerer, Felix W. Watkins, Michael M. TI Quantifying and reducing leakage errors in the JPL RL05M GRACE mascon solution SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GRACE; postprocessing; mascon; leakage errors; gain factors ID SEA-LEVEL; MASS; DECADE; OCEAN; SYSTEM AB Recent advances in processing data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) have led to a new generation of gravity solutions constrained within a Bayesian framework to remove correlated errors rather than relying on empirical filters. The JPL RL05M mascon solution is one such solution, solving for mass variations using spherical cap mass concentration elements (mascons), while relying on external information provided by near-global geophysical models to constrain the solution. This new gravity solution is fundamentally different than the traditional spherical harmonic gravity solution, and as such, requires different care when postprocessing. Here we discuss two classes of postprocessing considerations for the JPL RL05M GRACE mascon solution: (1) reducing leakage errors across land/ocean boundaries, and (2) scaling the solutions to account for leakage errors introduced through parameterizing the gravity solution in terms of mascons. A Coastline Resolution Improvement (CRI) filter is developed to reduce leakage errors across coastlines. Synthetic simulations reveal a reduction in leakage errors of approximate to 50%, such that residual leakage errors are approximate to 1 cm equivalent water height (EWH) averaged globally. A set of gain factors is derived to reduce leakage errors for continental hydrology applications. The combined effect of the CRI filter coupled with application of the gain factors, is shown to reduce leakage errors when determining the mass balance of large (>160,000 km(2)) hydrological basins from 11% to 30% (0.6-1.5 mm EWH) averaged globally, with local improvements up to 38%-81% (9-19 mm EWH). C1 [Wiese, David N.; Landerer, Felix W.; Watkins, Michael M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Wiese, DN (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM david.n.wiese@jpl.nasa.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 52 IS 9 BP 7490 EP 7502 DI 10.1002/2016WR019344 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EA9QC UT WOS:000386977900044 ER PT J AU Molotch, NP Barnard, DM Burns, SP Painter, TH AF Molotch, Noah P. Barnard, David M. Burns, Sean P. Painter, Thomas H. TI Measuring spatiotemporal variation in snow optical grain size under a subalpine forest canopy using contact spectroscopy SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE snow; forests; snow grain size; spectroscopy; snow temperature; snow-forest interactions ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE; SURFACE-AREA; WATER EQUIVALENT; NUMERICAL-MODEL; COVERED AREA; STRATIGRAPHY; ACCUMULATION; COVARIANCE; ABLATION; DENSITY AB The distribution of forest cover exerts strong controls on the spatiotemporal distribution of snow accumulation and snowmelt. The physical processes that govern these controls are poorly understood given a lack of detailed measurements of snow states. In this study, we address one of many measurement gaps by using contact spectroscopy to measure snow optical grain size at high spatial resolution in trenches dug between tree boles in a subalpine forest. Trenches were collocated with continuous measurements of snow depth and vertical profiles of snow temperature and supplemented with manual measurements of snow temperature, geometric grain size, grain type, and density from trench walls. There was a distinct difference in snow optical grain size between winter and spring periods. In winter and early spring, when facetted snow crystal types were dominant, snow optical grain size was 6% larger in canopy gaps versus under canopy positions; a difference that was smaller than the measurement uncertainty. By midspring, the magnitude of snow optical grain size differences increased dramatically and patterns of snow optical grain size became highly directional with 34% larger snow grains in areas south versus north of trees. In winter, snow temperature gradients were up to 5-15 degrees C m(-1) greater under the canopy due to shallower snow accumulation. However, in canopy gaps, snow depths were greater in fall and early winter and therefore more significant kinetic growth metamorphism occurred relative to under canopy positions, resulting in larger snow grains in canopy gaps. Our findings illustrate the novelty of our method of measuring snow optical grain size, allowing for future studies to advance the understanding of how forest and meteorological conditions interact to impact snowpack evolution. C1 [Molotch, Noah P.; Barnard, David M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Molotch, Noah P.; Burns, Sean P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Molotch, Noah P.; Painter, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Burns, Sean P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Molotch, NP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Molotch, NP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Molotch, NP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM noah.molotch@colorado.edu RI Molotch, Noah/C-8576-2009; Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016 FU U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNXIIAK35A]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR 1141764]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [2012-67003-19802]; NSF Niwot Ridge Long Term Ecological Research program; Department of Energy Ameriflux program FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant NNXIIAK35A, by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant EAR 1141764, and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture under grant 2012-67003-19802. Additional support was provided by the NSF Niwot Ridge Long Term Ecological Research program and by the Department of Energy Ameriflux program. Part of this work was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract from NASA. Snow grain size data sets can be downloaded from ftp://snowserver.colorado.edu/pub/NWT_snow_grain_size_trenches2006/grain -Size.zip. All meteorological data can be obtained from http://fluxnet.ornl.gov/site/997. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 52 IS 9 BP 7513 EP 7522 DI 10.1002/2016WR018954 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EA9QC UT WOS:000386977900046 PM 27917006 ER PT J AU Jung-Kubiak, C Reck, TJ Siles, JV Lin, R Lee, C Gill, J Cooper, K Mehdi, I Chattopadhyay, G AF Jung-Kubiak, Cecile Reck, Theodore J. Siles, Jose V. Lin, Robert Lee, Choonsup Gill, John Cooper, Ken Mehdi, Imran Chattopadhyay, Goutam TI A Multistep DRIE Process for Complex Terahertz Waveguide Components SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE); orthomode transducer (OMT); silicon dioxide (SiO2); silicon micromachining; submillimeter waves; terahertz (THz) ID SATELLITE; GHZ AB Asilicon deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE) process has been developed, using multiple SiO2 masks to enable multidepth waveguide features with +/- 2% tolerance. The unique capability of this process is demonstrated by designing, fabricating, and testing an orthomode transducer working in the 500-600 GHz frequency range. Straight waveguide measurements are also performed to characterize the losses associated with the multistep DRIE process, giving results slightly better than expected for metal-machined waveguides. This process enables the integration of multiple terahertz waveguide components such as mixers, multipliers, quadrature hybrids, and polarization twists onto a single silicon package. C1 [Jung-Kubiak, Cecile; Reck, Theodore J.; Siles, Jose V.; Lin, Robert; Lee, Choonsup; Gill, John; Cooper, Ken; Mehdi, Imran; Chattopadhyay, Goutam] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Jung-Kubiak, C (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Cecile.D.Jung@jpl.nasa.gov; theodore.reck@jpl.nasa.gov; Jose.V.Siles@jpl.nasa.gov; Robert.H.Lin@jpl.nasa.gov; Choonsup.Lee@jpl.nasa.gov; John.J.Gill@jpl.nasa.gov; Ken.B.Cooper@jpl.nasa.gov; imran.mehdi@jpl.nasa.gov; goutam.chattopadhyay@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautical and Space Administration FX This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology supported under a contract with the National Aeronautical and Space Administration. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 6 IS 5 BP 690 EP 695 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2016.2593793 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA DZ7QF UT WOS:000386060200007 ER PT J AU Shah, U Decrossas, E Jung-Kubiak, C Reck, T Chattopadhyay, G Mehdi, I Oberhammer, J AF Shah, Umer Decrossas, Emmanuel Jung-Kubiak, Cecile Reck, Theodore Chattopadhyay, Goutam Mehdi, Imran Oberhammer, Joachim TI Submillimeter-Wave 3.3-bit RF MEMS Phase Shifter Integrated in Micromachined Waveguide SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Micromachined waveguide; phase shifter; radio-frequency (RF) microelectromechanical system (MEMS); rectangular waveguide; submillimeter-wave; terahertz (THz) ID E-PLANE; BAND; TECHNOLOGY; COMPONENTS; FILTERS AB This paper presents a submillimeter-wave 500-550-GHz MEMS-reconfigurable phase shifter, which is based on loading a micromachined rectangular waveguide with 9 E-plane stubs. The phase shifter uses MEMS-reconfigurable surfaces to individually block/unblock the E-plane stubs from the micromachined waveguide. Each MEMS-reconfigurable surface is designed so that in the nonblocking state, it allows the electromagnetic wave to pass freely through it into the stub, while in the blocking state, it serves as the roof of the main waveguide and blocks the wave propagation into the stub. The phase-shifter design comprises three micromachined chips that are mounted in the H-plane cuts of the rectangular waveguide. Experimental results of the first device prototypes show that the microelectromechanical system (MEMS)- reconfigurable phase shifter has a linear phase shift of 20 degrees in ten discrete steps (3.3 bits). The measured insertion loss is better than 3 dB, of which only 0.5-1.5 dB is attributed to the MEMS surfaces and switched stubs, and the measured return loss is better than 15 dB in the design frequency band of 500-550 GHz. It is also shown that the major part of the insertion loss is attributed to misalignment and assembly uncertainties of the micromachined chips and the waveguide flanges, shown by simulations and reproducibility measurements. The MEMS-reconfigurable phase shifter is also operated in an analog tuning mode for high phase resolution. Furthermore, a detailed study has been carried out identifying the reason for the discrepancy between the simulated (90 degrees) and the measured (20 degrees) phase shift. Comb-drive actuators with spring constant variations between 2.13 and 8.71 N/m are used in the phase shifter design. An actuation voltage of 21.94 V with a reproducibility better than sigma = 0.0503 V is measured for the actuator design with a spring constant of 2.13 N/m. Reliability measurement on this actuator was performed in an uncontrolled laboratory environment and showed no deterioration in the functioning of the actuator observed over one hundred million cycles. C1 [Shah, Umer; Oberhammer, Joachim] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sch Elect Engn, Micro & Nanosyst, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Decrossas, Emmanuel; Jung-Kubiak, Cecile; Reck, Theodore; Chattopadhyay, Goutam; Mehdi, Imran] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Shah, U (reprint author), KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sch Elect Engn, Micro & Nanosyst, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM umers@kth.se; Emmanuel.Decrossas@jpl.nasa.gov; Cecile.D.Jung@jpl.nasa.gov; theodore.reck@jpl.nasa.gov; goutam.chattopadhyay@jpl.nasa.gov; imran.mehdi@jpl.nasa.gov; joachim.oberhammer@ee.kth.se OI Oberhammer, Joachim/0000-0003-3339-9137 FU European Research Council Consolidator Grant [616846]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research Synergy Grant Electronics [SE13-007]; Nils and Hans Backmark scholarship FX The contribution by KTH to this work was supported under the European Research Council Consolidator Grant 616846, under the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research Synergy Grant Electronics SE13-007, and under a Nils and Hans Backmark scholarship. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 6 IS 5 BP 706 EP 715 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2016.2584924 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA DZ7QF UT WOS:000386060200009 ER PT J AU Kempes, CP Wang, L Amend, JP Doyle, J Hoehler, T AF Kempes, Christopher P. Wang, Lawrence Amend, Jan P. Doyle, John Hoehler, Tori TI Evolutionary tradeoffs in cellular composition across diverse bacteria SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AEROBACTER-AEROGENES; UNIFYING THEORY; SIZE CONTROL; GROWTH; PROTEIN; CELLS; RATES; RNA; EUKARYOTES AB One of the most important classic and contemporary interests in biology is the connection between cellular composition and physiological function. Decades of research have allowed us to understand the detailed relationship between various cellular components and processes for individual species, and have uncovered common functionality across diverse species. However, there still remains the need for frameworks that can mechanistically predict the tradeoffs between cellular functions and elucidate and interpret average trends across species. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis of how cellular composition changes across the diversity of bacteria as connected with physiological function and metabolism, spanning five orders of magnitude in body size. We present an analysis of the trends with cell volume that covers shifts in genomic, protein, cellular envelope, RNA and ribosomal content. We show that trends in protein content are more complex than a simple proportionality with the overall genome size, and that the number of ribosomes is simply explained by cross-species shifts in biosynthesis requirements. Furthermore, we show that the largest and smallest bacteria are limited by physical space requirements. At the lower end of size, cell volume is dominated by DNA and protein content-the requirement for which predicts a lower limit on cell size that is in good agreement with the smallest observed bacteria. At the upper end of bacterial size, we have identified a point at which the number of ribosomes required for biosynthesis exceeds available cell volume. Between these limits we are able to discuss systematic and dramatic shifts in cellular composition. Much of our analysis is connected with the basic energetics of cells where we show that the scaling of metabolic rate is surprisingly superlinear with all cellular components. C1 [Kempes, Christopher P.] Santa Fe Inst, 1399 Hyde Pk Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Kempes, Christopher P.; Wang, Lawrence; Doyle, John] CALTECH, Control & Dynam Syst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kempes, Christopher P.; Hoehler, Tori] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Amend, Jan P.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Amend, Jan P.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Kempes, CP (reprint author), Santa Fe Inst, 1399 Hyde Pk Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. EM ckempes@gmail.com FU 'Life Underground' NASA Astrobiology Institute [NNA13AA92A]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX CPK acknowledges the support of the 'Life Underground' NASA Astrobiology Institute (NNA13AA92A) and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 13 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1751-7362 EI 1751-7370 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 10 IS 9 BP 2145 EP 2157 DI 10.1038/ismej.2016.21 PG 13 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA EA5MK UT WOS:000386664600007 PM 27046336 ER PT J AU Saghaian, SM Karaca, HE Tobe, H Pons, J Santamarta, R Chumlyakov, YI Noebe, RD AF Saghaian, S. M. Karaca, H. E. Tobe, H. Pons, J. Santamarta, R. Chumlyakov, Y. I. Noebe, R. D. TI Effects of Ni content on the shape memory properties and microstructure of Ni-rich NiTi-20Hf alloys SO SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Ni-rich NiTiHf; high temperature shape memory alloys; martensite morphology; high strength ID NITIHFPD SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; COMPRESSIVE RESPONSE; BEHAVIOR; PHASE; TEMPERATURES; STRENGTH AB Shape memory properties and microstructure of four Ni-rich NiTiHf alloys (Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20, Ni50.7Ti29.3Hf20, Ni51.2Ti28.8Hf20, and Ni52Ti28Hf20 (at.%)) were systematically characterized in the furnace cooled condition. H-phase precipitates were formed during furnace cooling in compositions with greater than 50.3Ni and the driving force for nucleation increased with Ni content. Alloy strength increased while recoverable strain decreased with increasing Ni content due to changes in precipitate characteristics. When the precipitates were small (similar to 5-15 nm), they were readily absorbed by martensite plates, which resulted in maximum recoverable strain of 2% in Ni50.7Ti29.3Hf20. With increasing Ni content, the size (>100 nm) and volume fraction of precipitates increased and the growth of martensite plates was constrained between the precipitates when the Ni concentration was greater than 50.7 at.%. Near perfect dimensional stability with negligible irrecoverable strain was observed at stress levels as high as 2 GPa in the Ni52Ti28Hf20 alloy, though the recoverable strain was rather small. In general, strong local stress fields were created at precipitate/matrix interphases, which lead to high stored elastic energy during the martensitic transformation. C1 [Saghaian, S. M.; Karaca, H. E.; Tobe, H.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Mech Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Pons, J.; Santamarta, R.] Univ Illes Balears, Dept Fis, E-07122 Palma De Mallorca, Spain. [Chumlyakov, Y. I.] Tomsk State Univ, Siberian Phys Tech Inst, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Noebe, R. D.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Mat & Struct Div, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Karaca, HE (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Mech Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM karacahaluk@uky.edu RI Chumlyakov, Yuriy/R-6496-2016 FU NASA Transformative Aeronautics Concepts Program (TACP), Transformational Tools and Technologies Project; NASA EPSCOR program [NNX11AQ31A]; RFBR [10-03-0154-a]; RSF program [14-29-00012]; Spanish MINECO [MAT2011-28217-C02-01]; MECOMP-DGICT [MAT2014-56116-C4-1-R]; FEDER FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Transformative Aeronautics Concepts Program (TACP), Transformational Tools and Technologies Project and the NASA EPSCOR program under grant No: NNX11AQ31A and RFBR project with grant No: 10-03-0154-a and RSF program under grant No: 14-29-00012. J Pons and R Santamarta also acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish MINECO (ref. MAT2011-28217-C02-01), MECOMP-DGICT (ref. MAT2014-56116-C4-1-R) and FEDER. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 EI 1361-665X J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 25 IS 9 AR 095029 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/25/9/095029 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA DZ6UJ UT WOS:000385997500029 ER PT J AU Meskhidze, N Johnson, MS Hurley, D Dawson, K AF Meskhidze, Nicholas Johnson, Matthew S. Hurley, David Dawson, Kyle TI Influence of measurement uncertainties on fractional solubility of iron in mineral aerosols over the oceans SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Soluble iron; Mineral dust; Measurement techniques; 3-D chemical transport model ID DRY DEPOSITION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SAHARAN DUST; DISSOLUTION; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSPORT; PACIFIC; CYCLE; FE AB The atmospheric supply of mineral dust iron (Fe) plays a crucial role in the Earth's biogeochemical cycle and is of specific importance as a micronutrient in the marine environment. Observations show several orders of magnitude variability in the fractional solubility of Fe in mineral dust aerosols, making it hard to assess the role of mineral dust in the global ocean biogeochemical Fe cycle. In this study we compare the operational solubility of mineral dust aerosol Fe associated with the flow-through leaching protocol to the results of the global 3-D chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. According to the protocol, aerosol Fe is defined as soluble by first deionized water leaching of mineral dust through a 0.45 mu m pore size membrane followed by acidification and storage of the leachate over a long period of time prior to analysis. To estimate the uncertainty in soluble Fe results introduced by the flow-through leaching protocol, we prescribe an average 50% (range of 30-70%) fractional solubility to sub-0.45 mu m sized mineral dust particles that may inadvertently pass the filter and end up in the acidified (at pH similar to 1.7) leachate for a couple of month period. In the model, the fractional solubility of Fe is either explicitly calculated using a complex mineral aerosol Fe dissolution equations; or prescribed to be 1% and 4% often used by global ocean biogeochemical Fe cycle models to reproduce the broad characteristics of the presently observed ocean dissolved iron distribution. Calculations show that the fractional solubility of Fe derived through the flow-through leaching is higher compared to the model results. The largest differences (similar to 40%) are predicted to occur farther away from the dust source regions, over the areas where sub-0.45 mu m sized mineral dust particles contribute a larger fraction of the total mineral dust mass. This study suggests that different methods used in soluble Fe measurements and inconsistences in the operational definition of filterable Fe in marine environment and soluble Fe in atmospheric aerosols are likely to contribute to the wide range of fractional solubility of aerosol Fe reported in the literature. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Meskhidze, Nicholas; Hurley, David; Dawson, Kyle] North Carolina State Univ, Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Johnson, Matthew S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Meskhidze, N (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM nmeskhidze@ncsu.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; OI Dawson, Kyle/0000-0003-3175-0456 FU NCSU Faculty Research & Professional Development Fund; Office of Undergraduate Research at North Carolina State University; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at NASA Ames Research Center FX This research was supported by NCSU Faculty Research & Professional Development Fund and the grant from the Office of Undergraduate Research at North Carolina State University. The authors would like to thank Daniel Jacob and the Harvard University Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group for providing the base GEOS-Chem model used during our research. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at NASA Ames Research Center. We also thank Dr. Akinori Ito from the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) for providing the dust-Fe dissolution code used in Ito and Xu (2014). NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 EI 2212-1684 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 22 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.07.002 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA DZ1NP UT WOS:000385605400008 ER PT J AU Nicolas, MJ Sullivan, RW Richards, WL AF Nicolas, Matthew J. Sullivan, Rani W. Richards, W. Lance TI Large Scale Applications Using FBG Sensors: Determination of In-Flight Loads and Shape of a Composite Aircraft Wing SO AEROSPACE LA English DT Article DE fiber Bragg grating; FBG; carbon composite wing; optical fiber strain measurement; flight loads; wing deflection; wing shape; structural health monitoring ID FIBER-OPTIC SENSORS; BRAGG GRATING SENSORS; STRAIN AB Technological advances have enabled the development of a number of optical fiber sensing methods over the last few years. The most prevalent optical technique involves the use of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. These small, lightweight sensors have many attributes that enable their use for a number of measurement applications. Although much literature is available regarding the use of FBGs for laboratory level testing, few publications in the public domain exist of their use at the operational level. Therefore, this paper gives an overview of the implementation of FBG sensors for large scale structures and applications. For demonstration, a case study is presented in which FBGs were used to determine the deflected wing shape and the out-of-plane loads of a 5.5-m carbon-composite wing of an ultralight aerial vehicle. The in-plane strains from the 780 FBG sensors were used to obtain the out-of-plane loads as well as the wing shape at various load levels. The calculated out-of-plane displacements and loads were within 4.2% of the measured data. This study demonstrates a practical method in which direct measurements are used to obtain critical parameters from the high distribution of FBG sensors. This procedure can be used to obtain information for structural health monitoring applications to quantify healthy vs. unhealthy structures. C1 [Nicolas, Matthew J.] PACCAR Engine Co, Dept Mfg Engn, Columbus, MS 39701 USA. [Sullivan, Rani W.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Richards, W. Lance] NASA Langley Res Ctr, NASA Engn & Safety Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Sullivan, RW (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM matthewnicolas52@gmail.com; sullivan@ae.msstate.edu; lance.richards-1@nasa.gov OI Nicolas, Matthew/0000-0001-9807-5817 FU NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center [AERO532 11020161]; Raspet Flight Research Laboratory; NASA/Mississippi Space Grant Consortium [12040456 12070825] FX The support provided for this study by the NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center (Award No. AERO532 11020161), Raspet Flight Research Laboratory, and the NASA/Mississippi Space Grant Consortium (Award No. 12040456 12070825) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2226-4310 J9 AEROSPACE JI Aerospace PD SEP PY 2016 VL 3 IS 3 AR 18 DI 10.3390/aerospace3030018 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DZ0LQ UT WOS:000385531300001 ER PT J AU Sree, D Stephens, DB AF Sree, Dave Stephens, David B. TI Improved Separation of Tone and Broadband Noise Components from Open Rotor Acoustic Data SO AEROSPACE LA English DT Article DE acoustic; broadband; open rotor; phase-shift; segment-pair; separation; spectrum; spike; tone AB The term open rotor refers to unducted counter-rotating dual rotors or propellers used for propulsion. The noise generated by an open rotor is very complicated and requires special techniques for its analysis. The determination of its tone and broadband components is vital for properly assessing the noise control parameters and also for validating open rotor noise prediction codes. The data analysis technique developed by Sree for processing raw acoustic data of open rotors has been modified to yield much better results of tone and broadband separation particularly for the case when the two rotor speeds are approximately the same. The modified algorithm is found to eliminate most or all of the spikes previously observed in the broadband spectra computed from the original algorithm. A full description of the modified algorithm and examples of improved results from its application are presented in this paper. C1 [Sree, Dave] Tuskegee Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Stephens, David B.] NASA, Acoust Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Sree, D (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM dave.sree@gmail.com; david.stephens@nasa.gov FU NASA Environmentally Responsible Aviation project; GE Aviation, Evendale, OH, USA; NASA Advanced Air Transportation Technology project FX Sincere thanks and appreciation are expressed to Acoustics Branch at NASA GRC for providing the non-proprietary open rotor acoustic data used in this work, in particular to Daniel L. Sutliff regarding the mini-open rotor data. The open rotor wind tunnel test campaign was funded by the NASA Environmentally Responsible Aviation project, in collaboration with GE Aviation, Evendale, OH, USA. The NASA Advanced Air Transportation Technology project funded David B. Stephens during the preparation of this report. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2226-4310 J9 AEROSPACE JI Aerospace PD SEP PY 2016 VL 3 IS 3 AR 29 DI 10.3390/aerospace3030029 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DZ0LQ UT WOS:000385531300012 ER PT J AU Righter, K Sutton, SR Danielson, L Pando, K Newville, M AF Righter, Kevin Sutton, Steve R. Danielson, Lisa Pando, Kellye Newville, Matt TI Redox variations in the inner solar system with new constraints from vanadium XANES in spinels SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Review DE Oxygen fugacity; meteorites; solar nebula; spinel; chromite; vanadium; Invited Centennial article ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; COMET 81P/WILD 2; OXYGEN FUGACITY; OXIDATION-STATE; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; ENSTATITE CHONDRITES; MARTIAN BASALTS; ELECTROCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS; THERMODYNAMIC CONSTRAINTS; LAYERED INTRUSION AB Many igneous rocks contain mineral assemblages that are not appropriate for application of common mineral equilibria or oxybarometers to estimate oxygen fugacity. Spinel-structured oxides, common minerals in 1916 z A 2016 many igneous rocks, typically contain sufficient V for XANES measurements, allowing use of the correlation between oxygen fugacity and V K pre-edge peak intensity. Here we report V pre-edge peak intensities for a wide range of spinels from source rocks ranging from terrestrial basalt to achondrites to oxidized chondrites. The XANES measurements are used to calculate oxygen fugacity from experimentally produced spinels of known f(o2). We obtain values, in order of increasing f(o2), from IW-3 for lodranites and acapulcoites, to diogenites, brachinites (near IW), ALH 84001, terrestrial basalt, hornblende-bearing R chondrite LAP 04840 (IW+1.6), and finally ranging up to IW+3.1 for CK chondrites (where the Delta IW notation = logf(o2), of a sample relative to the logf(o2), of the IW buffer at specific 7). To place the significance of these new measurements into context we then review the range of oxygen fugacities recorded in major achondrite groups, chondritic and primitive materials, and planetary materials. This range extends from IW-8 to IW+2. Several chondrite groups associated with aqueous alteration exhibit values that are slightly higher than this range, suggesting that water and oxidation may be linked. The range in planetary materials is even wider than that defined by meteorite groups. Earth and Mars exhibit values higher than IW+2, due to a critical role played by pressure. Pressure allows dissolution of volatiles into magmas, which can later cause oxidation or reduction during fractionation, cooling, and degassing. Fluid mobility, either in the sub-arc mantle and crust, or in regions of metasomatism, can generate values >IW+2, again suggesting an important link between water and oxidation. At the very least, Earth exhibits a higher range of oxidation than other planets and astromaterials due to the presence of an O-rich atmosphere, liquid water, and hydrated interior. New analytical techniques and sample suites will revolutionize our understanding of oxygen fugacity variation in the inner solar system, and the origin of our solar system in general. C1 [Righter, Kevin] NASA, JSC, NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Sutton, Steve R.; Newville, Matt] Univ Chicago, GSECARS, 9700 South Cass Ave,Bldg 434A, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Danielson, Lisa; Pando, Kellye] Jacobs Engn, ESCG, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Righter, K (reprint author), NASA, JSC, NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM kevin.righter-1@nasa.gov FU RTOP from the NASA Cosmochemistry/Emerging Worlds programs; National Science Foundation, Earth Sciences [EAR-1128799]; Department of Energy-GeoSciences [DE-FG02-94ER14466]; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by an RTOP from the NASA Cosmochemistry/Emerging Worlds programs. Portions of this work were performed at GeoSoilEnviroCARS (Sector 13), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. GeoSoilEnviroCARS is supported by the National Science Foundation, Earth Sciences (EAR-1128799) and Department of Energy-GeoSciences (DE-FG02-94ER14466). This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. All meteorite samples were provided by the Meteorite Working Group except for the acapulcoites/lodranites (J. Herrin), GRA 06128 (A. Treiman), and ALH 84001 (M. Righter). The manuscript benefitted from the careful reviews and constructive comments of P. Burger, S. Paque, and AE S. Simon. We thank K. Putirka for the invitation to contribute a paper in celebration of the American Mineralogist centennial, and K.R. acknowledges the enormous and continuing influence the Mineralogical Society of America has had on his science and understanding of the natural world. NR 140 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 101 IS 9-10 BP 1928 EP 1942 DI 10.2138/am-2016-5638 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DZ1NM UT WOS:000385605100003 ER PT J AU Lee, S Shen, ZZ Xu, HF AF Lee, Seungyeol Shen, Zhizhang Xu, Huifang TI Study on nanophase iron oxyhydroxides in freshwater ferromanganese nodules from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, with implications for the adsorption of As and heavy metals SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE XRD; HRTEM; Z-contrast imaging; ab initio; two-line ferrihydrite; proto-goethite; nanophase goethite; feroxyhyte; ferromanganese nodule; arsenic ID AB-INITIO; POWDER DIFFRACTION; STRUCTURAL MODEL; AKDALAITE MODEL; FERRIHYDRITE; SPECIATION; SEDIMENTS; MANGANESE; FEOOH; MN AB Nanophase Fe-oxyhydroxides in freshwater ferromanganese nodules (FFN) from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, and adsorbed arsenate have been investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Z-contrast imaging, and ab initio calculations using the density functional theory (DFT). The samples from northern Green Bay can be divided into two types: Fe-Mn nodules and Fe-rich nodules. The manganese-bearing phases are todorokite, birnessite, and buserite. The iron-bearing phases are feroxyhyte, nanophase goethite, two-line ferrihydrite, and nanophase FeOOH with guyanaite structure. Z-contrast images of the Fe-oxyhydroxides show ordered FeOOH nano-domains with guyanaite structure intergrown with nanophase goethite. The FeOOH nanophase is a precursor to the goethite. Henceforth, we will refer to it as "proto-goethite." DFT calculations indicate that goethite is more stable than proto-goethite. Our results suggest that ordering between Fe and vacancies in octahedral sites result in the transformation from feroxyhyte to goethite through a proto-goethite intermediate phase. Combining Z-contrast images and TEM-EDS reveals that arsenate (AsO43-) tetrahedra are preferentially adsorbed on the proto-goethite (001) surface via tridentate adsorption. Our study directly shows the atomic positions of Fe-oxyhydroxides with associated trace elements. The methods can be applied for identifying structures of nano-phases and adsorbed trace elements and heavy metals. C1 [Lee, Seungyeol; Shen, Zhizhang; Xu, Huifang] Univ Wisconsin, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Xu, HF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hfxu@geology.wisc.edu FU NASA Astrobiology Institute [N07-5489] FX The authors acknowledge the financial support from NASA Astrobiology Institute (N07-5489). The authors thank Carl Bowser for providing the samples and their locations, Hiromi Konishi for assistance in acquiring Z-contrast images, Izabela Szlufarska for allowing us to access computing facility, Gabor J. Kemeny of Middleton Spectral Vision and Michael Beauchaine of Bruker AXS for XRF mapping. The authors also thank Philip E. Brown, John W. Valley, Clark M. Johnson, Eric E. Roden, and Franklin Hobbs for their helpful suggestions. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 101 IS 9-10 BP 1986 EP 1995 DI 10.2138/am-2016-5729 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DZ1NM UT WOS:000385605100007 ER PT J AU Chan, QHS Zolensky, ME Martinez, JE Tsuchiyama, A Miyake, A AF Chan, Queenie H. S. Zolensky, Michael E. Martinez, James E. Tsuchiyama, Akira Miyake, Akira TI Magnetite plaquettes are naturally asymmetric materials in meteorites SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Magnetite; plaquettes; carbonaceous chondrites; symmetry-breaking; scanning electron microscopy; SEM; electron backscatter diffraction; EBSD; synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography; SXRCT; aqueous alteration; crystal structure ID EXTRATERRESTRIAL AMINO-ACIDS; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE; TAGISH LAKE; ADSORPTION; HOMOCHIRALITY; MINERALOGY; EVOLUTION; CRYSTALS; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY AB Life on Earth shows preference toward the set of organics with particular spatial configurations. Enantiomeric excesses have been observed for a-methyl amino acids in meteorites, which suggests that chiral asymmetry might have an abiotic origin. A possible abiotic mechanism that could produce chiral asymmetry in meteoritic amino acids is their formation under the influence of asymmetric catalysts, as mineral crystallization can produce spatially asymmetric structures. Although magnetite plaquettes have been proposed to be a possible candidate for an asymmetric catalyst, based on the suggestion that they have a spiral structure, a comprehensive description of their morphology and interpretation of the mechanism associated with symmetry-breaking in biomolecules remain elusive. Here we report observations of magnetite plaquettes in carbonaceous chondrites (CC) that were made with scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography (SXRCT). We obtained the crystal orientation of the plaquettes using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. SXRCT permits visualization of the internal features of the plaquettes. It provides an unambiguous conclusion that the plaquettes are devoid of a spiral feature and, rather that they are stacks of individual magnetite disks that do not join to form a continuous spiral. Despite the lack of spiral features, our EBSD data show significant changes in crystal orientation between adjacent magnetite disks. The magnetite disks are displaced in a consistent relative direction that lead to an overall crystallographic rotational mechanism. This work offers an explicit understanding of the structures of magnetite plaquettes in CC, which provides a fundamental basis for future interpretation of the proposed symmetry-breaking mechanism. C1 [Chan, Queenie H. S.; Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA, ARES, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Martinez, James E.] Jacobs Engn, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Tsuchiyama, Akira; Miyake, Akira] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kitashirakawa Oiwake Cho, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Chan, QHS (reprint author), NASA, ARES, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM hschan@nasa.gov FU NASA Cosmochemistry Program; NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Johnson Space Center; Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [15H05695] FX We acknowledge CAPTEM for loan of the Bench Crater sample, which is an Apollo lunar sample. We thank Field Museum for Orgueil, Murchison, Mighei, Renazzo, National Museum of Natural History for the Alais meteorite sample, and American Museum of Natural History for the Ivuna sample. This study was supported by the NASA Cosmochemistry Program (M.E.Z. is the PI). Q.H.S.C. acknowledges support from the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Johnson Space Center, administered by the Universities Space Research Association. A.T. was supported by a Grant-in-aid of the Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (15H05695). We thank Tomoki Nakamura, John Bradley, and Rhian Jones for careful reviews of the manuscript, and Sandra Pizzarello, Jose Aponte, and Aaron Burton for the helpful comments and insightful discussions. The microtomography experiment was made by the project at SPring-8 (proposal no. 2015A1413) with help of Kentaro Uesugi and Tsukasa Nakano. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 101 IS 9-10 BP 2041 EP 2050 DI 10.2138/am-2016-5604 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DZ1NM UT WOS:000385605100012 ER PT J AU Gullikson, AL Hagerty, JJ Reid, MR Rapp, JF Draper, DS AF Gullikson, Amber L. Hagerty, Justin J. Reid, Mary R. Rapp, Jennifer F. Draper, David S. TI Silicic lunar volcanism: Testing the crustal melting model SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Moon; silicic volcanism; crustal melting; partial melting experiments; silicate liquid immiscibility ID LIQUID IMMISCIBILITY; QUARTZ MONZODIORITE; MAIRAN DOMES; MOON; GRANITE; PETROLOGY; GEOCHEMISTRY; GRUITHUISEN; CHEMISTRY; ROCKS AB Lunar silicic rocks were first identified by granitic fragments found in samples brought to Earth by the Apollo missions, followed by the discovery of silicic domes on the lunar surface through remote sensing. Although these silicic lithologies are thought to make up a small portion of the lunar crust, their presence indicates that lunar crustal evolution is more complex than originally thought. Models currently used to describe the formation of silicic lithologies on the Moon include in situ differentiation of a magma, magma differentiation with silicate liquid immiscibility, and partial melting of the crust. This study focuses on testing a crustal melting model through partial melting experiments on compositions representing lithologies spatially associated with the silicic domes. The experiments were guided by the results of modeling melting temperatures and residual melt compositions of possible protoliths for lunar silicic rocks using the thermodynamic modeling software, rhyolite-MELTS. Rhyolite-MELTS simulations predict liquidus temperatures of 950-1040 degrees C for lunar granites under anhydrous conditions, which guided the temperature range for the experiments. Monzogabbro, alkali gabbronorite, and KREEP basalt were identified as potential protoliths due to their ages, locations on the Moon (i.e., located near observed silicic domes), chemically evolved compositions, and the results from rhyolite-MELTS modeling. Partial melting experiments, using mixtures of reagent grade oxide powders representing bulk rock compositions of these rock types, were carried out at atmospheric pressure over the temperature range of 900-1100 degrees C. Because all lunar granite samples and remotely sensed domes have an elevated abundance of Th, some of the mixtures were doped with Th to observe its partitioning behavior. Run products show that at temperatures of 1050 and 1100 degrees C, melts of the three protoliths are not silicic in nature (i.e., they have <63 wt% SiO2). By 1000 degrees C, melts of both monzogabbro and alkali gabbronorite approach the composition of granite, but are also characterized by immiscible Si-rich and Fe-rich liquids. Furthermore, Th strongly partitions into the Fe-rich, and not the Si-rich glass in all experimental runs. Our work provides important constraints on the mechanism of silicic melt formation on the Moon. The observed high-Th content of lunar granite is difficult to explain by silicate liquid immiscibility, because through this process, Th is not fractionated into the Si-rich phase. Results of our experiments and modeling suggests that silicic lunar rocks could be produced from monzogabbro and alkali gabbronorite protoliths by partial melting at T < 1000 degrees C. Additionally, we speculate that at higher pressures (P >= 0.005 GPa), the observed immiscibility in the partial melting experiments would be suppressed. C1 [Gullikson, Amber L.; Reid, Mary R.] Northern Univ Arizona, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Hagerty, Justin J.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Rapp, Jennifer F.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Jacobs, Mail Code JE20, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Draper, David S.] NASA, Astromat Res Off, ARES Directorate, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Gullikson, AL (reprint author), Northern Univ Arizona, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM agullikson@usgs.gov FU Geological Society of America; Sigma Xi; NAU Support for Graduate Students program; Tom and Rose Bedwell Earth Physics Scholarship FX We thank Brad Jolliff and Malcolm Rutherford for their insightful comments, which greatly improved this paper. Funding for this work was provided by the Geological Society of America research grant, Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid Research, the NAU Support for Graduate Students program, and the Tom and Rose Bedwell Earth Physics Scholarship. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 101 IS 9-10 BP 2312 EP 2321 DI 10.2138/am-2016-5619 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DZ1NM UT WOS:000385605100034 ER PT J AU Singer, LP Chen, HY Holz, DE Farr, WM Price, LR Raymond, V Cenko, SB Gehrels, N Cannizzo, J Kasliwal, MM Nissanke, S Coughlin, M Farr, B Urban, AL Vitale, S Veitch, J Graff, P Berry, CPL Mohapatra, S Mandel, I AF Singer, Leo P. Chen, Hsin-Yu Holz, Daniel E. Farr, Will M. Price, Larry R. Raymond, Vivien Cenko, S. Bradley Gehrels, Neil Cannizzo, John Kasliwal, Mansi M. Nissanke, Samaya Coughlin, Michael Farr, Ben Urban, Alex L. Vitale, Salvatore Veitch, John Graff, Philip Berry, Christopher P. L. Mohapatra, Satya Mandel, Ilya TI SUPPLEMENT: "GOING THE DISTANCE: MAPPING HOST GALAXIES OF LIGO AND VIRGO SOURCES IN THREE DIMENSIONS USING LOCAL COSMOGRAPHY AND TARGETED FOLLOW-UP" (2016, ApJL, 829, L15) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies: distances and redshifts; gravitational waves; surveys AB This is a supplement to the Letter of Singer et al., in which we demonstrated a rapid algorithm for obtaining joint 3D estimates of sky location and luminosity distance from observations of binary neutron star mergers with Advanced LIGO and Virgo. We argued that combining the reconstructed volumes with positions and redshifts of possible host galaxies can provide large-aperture but small field of view instruments with a manageable list of targets to search for optical or infrared emission. In this Supplement, we document the new HEALPix-based file format for 3D localizations of gravitational-wave transients. We include Python sample code to show the reader how to perform simple manipulations of the 3D sky maps and extract ranked lists of likely host galaxies. Finally, we include mathematical details of the rapid volume reconstruction algorithm. C1 [Singer, Leo P.; Cenko, S. Bradley; Gehrels, Neil; Cannizzo, John] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Mail Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chen, Hsin-Yu; Holz, Daniel E.; Farr, Ben] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Chen, Hsin-Yu; Holz, Daniel E.; Farr, Ben] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Farr, Will M.; Veitch, John; Berry, Christopher P. L.; Mandel, Ilya] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Price, Larry R.; Raymond, Vivien] CALTECH, LIGO Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Raymond, Vivien] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Cenko, S. Bradley] Univ Maryland, Joint Space Sci Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kasliwal, Mansi M.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Nissanke, Samaya] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Math Astrophys & Particle Phys, Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Coughlin, Michael] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Urban, Alex L.] Univ Wisconsin, Leonard E Parker Ctr Gravitat Cosmol & Astrophys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Vitale, Salvatore; Mohapatra, Satya] MIT, LIGO Lab, 185 Albany St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Graff, Philip] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Singer, LP (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Mail Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Singer, Leo/0000-0001-9898-5597; Chen, Hsin-Yu/0000-0001-5403-3762 FU NSF [1066293] FX We thank the Aspen Center for Physics and NSF grant #1066293 for hospitality during the conception, writing, and editing of this paper. We thank P. Shawhan and F. Tombesi for detailed feedback on the manuscript. The online data release is available at https://dcc.ligo.org/P1500071/public/html. This is LIGO document P1500071-v7. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 226 IS 1 AR 10 DI 10.3847/0067-0049/226/1/10 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DY8SH UT WOS:000385400500001 ER PT J AU Jensen, MP Petersen, WA Bansemer, A Bharadwaj, N Carey, LD Cecil, DJ Collis, SM Del Genio, AD Dolan, B Gerlach, J Giangrande, SE Heymsfield, A Heymsfield, G Kollias, P Lang, TJ Nesbitt, SW Neumann, A Poellot, M Rutledge, SA Schwaller, M Tokay, A Williams, CR Wolff, DB Xie, S Zipser, EJ AF Jensen, M. P. Petersen, W. A. Bansemer, A. Bharadwaj, N. Carey, L. D. Cecil, D. J. Collis, S. M. Del Genio, A. D. Dolan, B. Gerlach, J. Giangrande, S. E. Heymsfield, A. Heymsfield, G. Kollias, P. Lang, T. J. Nesbitt, S. W. Neumann, A. Poellot, M. Rutledge, S. A. Schwaller, M. Tokay, A. Williams, C. R. Wolff, D. B. Xie, S. Zipser, E. J. TI THE MIDLATITUDE CONTINENTAL CONVECTIVE CLOUDS EXPERIMENT (MC3E) SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; WIND PROFILERS; PRECIPITATION; RADIOMETER; RESOLUTION; MESOSCALE; SYSTEMS; GHZ AB The Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E), a field program jointly led by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, was conducted in south-central Oklahoma during April-May 2011. MC3E science objectives were motivated by the need to improve our understanding of midlatitude continental convective cloud system life cycles, microphysics, and GPM precipitation retrieval algorithms. To achieve these objectives, a multi scale surface- and aircraft-based in situ and remote sensing observing strategy was employed. A variety of cloud and precipitation events were sampled during MC3E, of which results from three deep convective events are highlighted. Vertical structure, air motions, precipitation drop size distributions, and ice properties were retrieved from multiwavelength radar, profiler, and aircraft observations for a mesoscale convective system (MCS) on 11 May. Aircraft observations for another MCS observed on 20 May were used to test agreement between observed radar reflectivities and those calculated with forward-modeled reflectivity and microwave brightness temperatures using in situ particle size distributions and ice water content. Multiplatform observations of a supercell that occurred on 23 May allowed for an integrated analysis of kinematic and microphysical interactions. A core updraft of 25 m supported growth of hail and large raindrops. Data collected during the MC3E campaign are being used in a number of current and ongoing research projects and are available through the ARM and NASA data archives. C1 [Jensen, M. P.; Giangrande, S. E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000,MS 490D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Petersen, W. A.; Gerlach, J.; Heymsfield, G.; Schwaller, M.; Tokay, A.; Wolff, D. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Petersen, W. A.; Gerlach, J.; Wolff, D. B.] NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA USA. [Bansemer, A.; Heymsfield, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bharadwaj, N.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Carey, L. D.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Cecil, D. J.; Lang, T. J.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Collis, S. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Del Genio, A. D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Dolan, B.; Rutledge, S. A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kollias, P.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Nesbitt, S. W.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. [Neumann, A.; Poellot, M.] Univ North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND USA. [Tokay, A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Williams, C. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Xie, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Zipser, E. J.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Jensen, MP (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000,MS 490D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mjensen@bnl.gov RI Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013 OI Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145 FU U.S. Department of Energy's ARM Program; NASA's Global Precipitation Measurement mission's Ground Validation Program; NASA [NNX10AN38G, NNX10AH67G, NNX14AH06G]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), as part of the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), as part of the ARM program; DOE [DE-SC0007016]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The MC3E field campaign was jointly funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's ARM Program and NASA's Global Precipitation Measurement mission's Ground Validation Program. We acknowledge the important contributions of the ARM SGP site operations staff members for their contributions to the siting, deployment, and maintenance of NASA MC3E and SGP ARM Climate Facility instrumentation. We also acknowledge the UND Citation flight and support crews for their excellent conduct of airborne microphysical sampling, and Offutt AFB and Ponca City Regional Airport for their hosting and field support of the NASA ER-2 and UND Citation, respectively. Operations of the UND Citation aircraft were funded under NASA Grant NNX10AN38G. MJ and SG were funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), as part of the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) and ARM programs. AH and AB were funded by NASA Grant NNX10AH67G. SR and BD were funded by DOE Grant DE-SC0007016 and NASA Grant NNX14AH06G. This paper has been coauthored by employees of Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC, under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 97 IS 9 BP 1667 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00228.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ5PG UT WOS:000385913400016 ER PT J AU Wood, R Jensen, MP Wang, J Bretherton, CS Burrows, SM Del Genio, AD Fridlind, AM Ghan, SJ Ghate, VP Kollias, P Krueger, SK McGraw, RL Miller, MA Painemal, D Russell, LM Yuter, SE Zuidema, P AF Wood, Robert Jensen, Michael P. Wang, Jian Bretherton, Christopher S. Burrows, Susannah M. Del Genio, Anthony D. Fridlind, Ann M. Ghan, Steven J. Ghate, Virendra P. Kollias, Pavlos Krueger, Steven K. McGraw, Robert L. Miller, Mark A. Painemal, David Russell, Lynn M. Yuter, Sandra E. Zuidema, Paquita TI PLANNING THE NEXT DECADE OF COORDINATED RESEARCH TO BETTER UNDERSTAND AND SIMULATE MARINE LOW CLOUDS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID STRATOCUMULUS C1 [Wood, Robert; Bretherton, Christopher S.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jensen, Michael P.; Wang, Jian; McGraw, Robert L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Burrows, Susannah M.; Ghan, Steven J.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Del Genio, Anthony D.; Fridlind, Ann M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Ghate, Virendra P.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kollias, Pavlos] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Krueger, Steven K.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Miller, Mark A.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Painemal, David] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Russell, Lynn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Yuter, Sandra E.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC USA. [Zuidema, Paquita] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. RP Wood, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM robwood2@uw.edu RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013; Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011; Burrows, Susannah/A-7429-2011; Wood, Robert/A-2989-2008 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X; Burrows, Susannah/0000-0002-0745-7252; Wood, Robert/0000-0002-1401-3828 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 97 IS 9 BP 1699 EP 1702 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0160.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ5PG UT WOS:000385913400018 ER PT J AU Ichoku, C Ellison, LT Willmot, KE Matsui, T Dezfuli, AK Gatebe, CK Wang, J Wilcox, EM Lee, J Adegoke, J Okonkwo, C Bolten, J Policelli, FS Habib, S AF Ichoku, Charles Ellison, Luke T. Willmot, K. Elena Matsui, Toshihisa Dezfuli, Amin K. Gatebe, Charles K. Wang, Jun Wilcox, Eric M. Lee, Jejung Adegoke, Jimmy Okonkwo, Churchill Bolten, John Policelli, Frederick S. Habib, Shahid TI Biomass burning, land-cover change, and the hydrological cycle in Northern sub-Saharan Africa SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sub-Saharan Africa; biomass burning; water cycle; land cover change; precipitation; fire ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL AFRICA; FIRE DETECTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL OCEANS; SAHEL RAINFALL; SOIL-MOISTURE; LAKE CHAD; PART I; SURFACE AB The Northern Sub-Saharan African (NSSA) region, which accounts for 20%-25% of the global carbon emissions from biomass burning, also suffers from frequent drought episodes and other disruptions to the hydrological cycle whose adverse societal impacts have been widely reported during the last several decades. This paper presents a conceptual framework of the NSSA regional climate system components that may be linked to biomass burning, as well as detailed analyses of a variety of satellite data for 2001-2014 in conjunction with relevant model-assimilated variables. Satellite fire detections in NSSA show that the vast majority (>75%) occurs in the savanna and woody savanna land-cover types. Starting in the 2006-2007 burning season through the end of the analyzed data in 2014, peak burning activity showed a net decrease of 2-7%/yr in different parts of NSSA, especially in the savanna regions. However, fire distribution shows appreciable coincidence with land-cover change. Although there is variable mutual exchange of different land cover types, during 2003-2013, cropland increased at an estimated rate of 0.28%/yr of the total NSSA land area, with most of it (0.18%/yr) coming from savanna. During the last decade, conversion to croplands increased in some areas classified as forests and wetlands, posing a threat to these vital and vulnerable ecosystems. Seasonal peak burning is anti-correlated with annual water-cycle indicators such as precipitation, soil moisture, vegetation greenness, and evapotranspiration, except in humid West Africa (5 degrees-10 degrees latitude), where this anti-correlation occurs exclusively in the dry season and burning virtually stops when monthly mean precipitation reaches 4 mm d(-1). These results provide observational evidence of changes in land-cover and hydrological variables that are consistent with feedbacks from biomass burning in NSSA, and encourage more synergistic modeling and observational studies that can elaborate this feedback mechanism. C1 [Ichoku, Charles; Ellison, Luke T.; Matsui, Toshihisa; Dezfuli, Amin K.; Gatebe, Charles K.; Bolten, John; Policelli, Frederick S.; Habib, Shahid] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ellison, Luke T.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Willmot, K. Elena] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Matsui, Toshihisa] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dezfuli, Amin K.; Gatebe, Charles K.] USRA, Columbia, MD USA. [Wang, Jun] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Wang, Jun] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Wang, Jun] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Wilcox, Eric M.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. [Lee, Jejung; Adegoke, Jimmy] Univ Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Okonkwo, Churchill] Howard Univ, Beltsville Ctr Climate Syst Observat, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Ichoku, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Charles.Ichoku@nasa.gov RI Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008 OI Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490 FU NASA under its Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) through the Radiation Sciences Program; NASA under its Interdisciplinary Studies (IDS) Program through the Radiation Sciences Program FX This research was fully funded by NASA under its Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES)-2009 and 2013 Interdisciplinary Studies (IDS) Program (Dr Jack Kaye, Earth Science Research Director) through the Radiation Sciences Program managed by Dr Hal Maring. We also appreciate the efforts of providers of the large diversity of data products used for this study from various satellite sensors and global models. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR 095005 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/095005 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DY8PW UT WOS:000385393300001 ER PT J AU Marchand, P Carr, JA Dell'Angelo, J Fader, M Gephart, JA Kummu, M Magliocca, NR Porkka, M Puma, MJ Ratajczak, Z Rulli, MC Seekell, DA Suweis, S Tavoni, A D'Odorico, P AF Marchand, Philippe Carr, Joel A. Dell'Angelo, Jampel Fader, Marianela Gephart, Jessica A. Kummu, Matti Magliocca, Nicholas R. Porkka, Miina Puma, Michael J. Ratajczak, Zak Rulli, Maria Cristina Seekell, David A. Suweis, Samir Tavoni, Alessandro D'Odorico, Paolo TI Reserves and trade jointly determine exposure to food supply shocks SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE food systems; resilience; food crises ID LAND-USE; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; AGRICULTURAL TRADE; GLOBALIZATION; DISPLACEMENT; SECURITY; NATIONS; WATER AB While a growing proportion of global food consumption is obtained through international trade, there is an ongoing debate on whether this increased reliance on trade benefits or hinders food security, and specifically, the ability of global food systems to absorb shocks due to local or regional losses of production. This paper introduces a model that simulates the short-term response to a food supply shock originating in a single country, which is partly absorbed through decreases in domestic reserves and consumption, and partly transmitted through the adjustment of trade flows. By applying the model to publicly-available data for the cereals commodity group over a 17 year period, we find that differential outcomes of supply shocks simulated through this time period are driven not only by the intensification of trade, but as importantly by changes in the distribution of reserves. Our analysis also identifies countries where trade dependency may accentuate the risk of food shortages from foreign production shocks; such risk could be reduced by increasing domestic reserves or importing food from a diversity of suppliers that possess their own reserves. This simulation-based model provides a framework to study the short-term, nonlinear and out-of-equilibrium response of trade networks to supply shocks, and could be applied to specific scenarios of environmental or economic perturbations. C1 [Marchand, Philippe; Dell'Angelo, Jampel; Magliocca, Nicholas R.; D'Odorico, Paolo] Natl Socioenvironm Synth Ctr SESYNC, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Carr, Joel A.; Gephart, Jessica A.; Ratajczak, Zak; D'Odorico, Paolo] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Fader, Marianela] German Fed Inst Hydrol, Int Ctr Water Resources & Global Change UNESCO, POB 200253, D-56002 Koblenz, Germany. [Kummu, Matti; Porkka, Miina] Aalto Univ, WDRG, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. [Puma, Michael J.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Rulli, Maria Cristina] Politecn Milan, Dept Hydraul Roadways Environm & Surveying Engn, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Seekell, David A.] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, SE-90187 Ume, Sweden. [Suweis, Samir] Univ Padua, Dept Phys & Astron, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Tavoni, Alessandro] London Sch Econ, Grantham Res Inst Climate Change & Environm, London WC2A 2AE, England. RP Marchand, P (reprint author), Natl Socioenvironm Synth Ctr SESYNC, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR 095009 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/095009 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ2XT UT WOS:000385707100001 ER PT J AU Marchand, P Carr, JA Dell'Angelo, J Fader, M Gephart, JA Kummu, M Magliocca, NR Porkka, M Puma, MJ Ratajczak, Z Rulli, MC Seekell, DA Suweis, S Tavoni, A D'Odorico, P AF Marchand, Philippe Carr, Joel A. Dell'Angelo, Jampel Fader, Marianela Gephart, Jessica A. Kummu, Matti Magliocca, Nicholas R. Porkka, Miina Puma, Michael J. Ratajczak, Zak Rulli, Maria Cristina Seekell, David A. Suweis, Samir Tavoni, Alessandro D'Odorico, Paolo TI Reserves and trade jointly determine exposure to food supply shocks SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE food systems; resilience; food crises ID LAND-USE; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; AGRICULTURAL TRADE; GLOBALIZATION; DISPLACEMENT; SECURITY; NATIONS; WATER AB While a growing proportion of global food consumption is obtained through international trade, there is an ongoing debate on whether this increased reliance on trade benefits or hinders food security, and specifically, the ability of global food systems to absorb shocks due to local or regional losses of production. This paper introduces a model that simulates the short-term response to a food supply shock originating in a single country, which is partly absorbed through decreases in domestic reserves and consumption, and partly transmitted through the adjustment of trade flows. By applying the model to publicly-available data for the cereals commodity group over a 17 year period, we find that differential outcomes of supply shocks simulated through this time period are driven not only by the intensification of trade, but as importantly by changes in the distribution of reserves. Our analysis also identifies countries where trade dependency may accentuate the risk of food shortages from foreign production shocks; such risk could be reduced by increasing domestic reserves or importing food from a diversity of suppliers that possess their own reserves. This simulation-based model provides a framework to study the short-term, nonlinear and out-of-equilibrium response of trade networks to supply shocks, and could be applied to specific scenarios of environmental or economic perturbations. C1 [Marchand, Philippe; Dell'Angelo, Jampel; Magliocca, Nicholas R.; D'Odorico, Paolo] Natl Socioenvironm Synth Ctr SESYNC, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Carr, Joel A.; Gephart, Jessica A.; Ratajczak, Zak; D'Odorico, Paolo] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Fader, Marianela] German Fed Inst Hydrol, Int Ctr Water Resources & Global Change UNESCO, POB 200253, D-56002 Koblenz, Germany. [Kummu, Matti; Porkka, Miina] Aalto Univ, WDRG, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. [Puma, Michael J.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Rulli, Maria Cristina] Politecn Milan, Dept Hydraul Roadways Environm & Surveying Engn, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Seekell, David A.] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Suweis, Samir] Univ Padua, Dept Phys & Astron, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Tavoni, Alessandro] London Sch Econ, Grantham Res Inst Climate Change & Environm, London WC2A 2AE, England. RP Marchand, P (reprint author), Natl Socioenvironm Synth Ctr SESYNC, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RI Kummu, Matti/C-4797-2011 OI Kummu, Matti/0000-0001-5096-0163 FU National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) under National Science Foundation (NSF) [DBI-1052875]; Academy of Finland SRC project Winland; Academy of Finland project SCART; Columbia University Center for Climate and Life; Interdisciplinary Global Change Research under NASA [NNX08AJ75A]; Carl Trygger Foundation for Scientific Research; NSF [DBI-1402033]; Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy - ESRC; Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment FX We thank Roberto Patricio Korzeniewicz and Christina Prell for their participation in early discussions on this project. This work was supported by the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) under funding received from the National Science Foundation (NSF) grant DBI-1052875. M Kummu received support from Academy of Finland SRC project Winland and Academy of Finland project SCART. M J Puma is supported by a fellowship from the Columbia University Center for Climate and Life and the Interdisciplinary Global Change Research under NASA cooperative agreement NNX08AJ75A. D A Seekell was supported by the Carl Trygger Foundation for Scientific Research. Z Ratajczak received support from NSF grant DBI-1402033. A Tavoni is supported by the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, funded by the ESRC, and the Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR 095009 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/095009 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DY8PW UT WOS:000385393300005 ER PT J AU Sedano, F Silva, JA Machoco, R Meque, CH Sitoe, A Ribeiro, N Anderson, K Ombe, ZA Baule, SH Tucker, CJ AF Sedano, F. Silva, J. A. Machoco, R. Meque, C. H. Sitoe, A. Ribeiro, N. Anderson, K. Ombe, Z. A. Baule, S. H. Tucker, C. J. TI The impact of charcoal production on forest degradation: a case study in Tete, Mozambique SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE forest degradation; charcoal; carbon emissions; remote sensing; very high-resolution; Africa ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; DEVELOPING-WORLD; DEFORESTATION; IMAGERY; POLICY; LIVELIHOODS; EMISSIONS; AFRICA; MAPS AB Charcoal production for urban energy consumption is a main driver of forest degradation in sub Saharan Africa. Urban growth projections for the continent suggest that the relevance of this process will increase in the coming decades. Forest degradation associated to charcoal production is difficult to monitor and commonly overlooked and underrepresented in forest cover change and carbon emission estimates. We use a multitemporal dataset of very high-resolution remote sensing images to map kiln locations in a representative study area of tropical woodlands in central Mozambique. The resulting maps provided a characterization of the spatial extent and temporal dynamics of charcoal production. Using an indirect approach we combine kiln maps and field information on charcoal making to describe the magnitude and intensity of forest degradation linked to charcoal production, including aboveground biomass and carbon emissions. Our findings reveal that forest degradation associated to charcoal production in the study area is largely independent from deforestation driven by agricultural expansion and that its impact on forest cover change is in the same order of magnitude as deforestation. Our work illustrates the feasibility of using estimates of urban charcoal consumption to establish a link between urban energy demands and forest degradation. This kind of approach has potential to reduce uncertainties in forest cover change and carbon emission assessments in sub-Saharan Africa. C1 [Sedano, F.; Silva, J. A.; Anderson, K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Machoco, R.; Sitoe, A.; Ribeiro, N.] UEM, Fac Agron & Forest Engn, Dept Forest Engn, Maputo, Mozambique. [Meque, C. H.] Mozambican Minist Sci & Technol, Zambezia, Mozambique. [Ombe, Z. A.] Univ Pedagog, Fac Earth Sci & Environm, Maputo, Mozambique. [Baule, S. H.] Univ Pedagog, Dept Language Commun & Arts, Beira, Mozambique. [Tucker, C. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Sedano, F (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM fsedano@umd.edu FU National Science Foundation-Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems program [1413999] FX This research is part of the 'CNH-Ex: Investigating the Dynamic Intersections Among Economic Development, Urbanization, and Forest Degradation' project, funded under the National Science Foundation-Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems program (Award number 1413999). The authors express their gratitude to students and representatives of the Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Universidade Pegagogica-Tete branch and the personnel of the provincial Forest Services of Tete whose contribution and support made possible field data collection. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR 094020 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/094020 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DY8PU UT WOS:000385393100008 ER PT J AU Rani, B Krichbaum, T Hodgson, JA Koyama, S Zensus, AJ Fuhramnn, L Marscher, A Jorstad, S AF Rani, Bindu Krichbaum, Thomas Hodgson, Jeff A. Koyama, Shoko Zensus, Anton J. Fuhramnn, Lars Marscher, Alan Jorstad, Svetlana TI Exploring the Magnetic Field Configuration in BL Lac Using GMVA SO GALAXIES LA English DT Article DE active galaxies; BL Lacertae object: BL Lac; jets; GMVA; high-resolution VLBI; magnetic field; polarization ID JET AB The high radio frequency polarization imaging of non-thermal emission from active galactic nuclei (AGN) is a direct way to probe the magnetic field strength and structure in the immediate vicinity of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and is crucial in testing the jet-launching scenario. To explore the the magnetic field configuration at the base of jets in blazars, we took advantage of the full polarization capabilities of the Global Millimeter VLBI Array (GMVA). With an angular resolution of similar to 50 micro-arcseconds (m as) at 86 GHz, one could resolve scales up to similar to 450 gravitational radii (for a 10(9) solar mass black hole at a redshift of 0.1). We present here the preliminary results of our study on the blazar BL Lac. Our results suggest that on sub-mas scales the core and the central jet of BL Lac are significantly polarized with two distinct regions of polarized intensity. We also noted a great morphological similarity between the 7 mm/3 mm VLBI images at very similar angular resolution. C1 [Rani, Bindu] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rani, Bindu; Krichbaum, Thomas; Koyama, Shoko; Zensus, Anton J.; Fuhramnn, Lars] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Hodgson, Jeff A.] Korea Astron & Space Inst, 776 Daedeokdae Ro, Daejeon 34055, South Korea. [Marscher, Alan; Jorstad, Svetlana] Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Rani, B (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Rani, B (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM bindu.rani@nasa.gov; tkrichbaum@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; jhodgo@gmail.com; skoyama@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; azensus@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; fuhrmann.lars@googlemail.com; marscher@bu.edu; jorstad@bu.edu OI Jorstad, Svetlana/0000-0001-6158-1708 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2075-4434 J9 GALAXIES JI Galaxies PD SEP PY 2016 VL 4 IS 3 AR 32 DI 10.3390/galaxies4030032 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DY9UM UT WOS:000385480600024 ER PT J AU Wilder, FD Ergun, RE Schwartz, SJ Newman, DL Eriksson, S Stawarz, JE Goldman, MV Goodrich, KA Gershman, DJ Malaspina, DM Holmes, JC Sturner, AP Burch, JL Torbert, RB Lindqvist, PA Marklund, GT Khotyaintsev, Y Strangeway, RJ Russell, CT Pollock, CJ Giles, BL Dorrelli, JC Avanov, LA Patterson, WR Plaschke, F Magnes, W AF Wilder, F. D. Ergun, R. E. Schwartz, S. J. Newman, D. L. Eriksson, S. Stawarz, J. E. Goldman, M. V. Goodrich, K. A. Gershman, D. J. Malaspina, D. M. Holmes, J. C. Sturner, A. P. Burch, J. L. Torbert, R. B. Lindqvist, P. -A. Marklund, G. T. Khotyaintsev, Y. Strangeway, R. J. Russell, C. T. Pollock, C. J. Giles, B. L. Dorrelli, J. C. Avanov, L. A. Patterson, W. R. Plaschke, F. Magnes, W. TI Observations of large-amplitude, parallel, electrostatic waves associated with the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability by the magnetospheric multiscale mission SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Kelvin-Helmholtz; electrostatic waves; boundary layer; turbulence ID LATITUDE BOUNDARY-LAYER; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; PLASMA TRANSPORT AB On 8 September 2015, the four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft encountered a Kelvin-Helmholtz unstable magnetopause near the dusk flank. The spacecraft observed periodic compressed current sheets, between which the plasma was turbulent. We present observations of large-amplitude (up to 100mV/m) oscillations in the electric field. Because these oscillations are purely parallel to the background magnetic field, electrostatic, and below the ion plasma frequency, they are likely to be ion acoustic-like waves. These waves are observed in a turbulent plasma where multiple particle populations are intermittently mixed, including cold electrons with energies less than 10eV. Stability analysis suggests a cold electron component is necessary for wave growth. C1 [Wilder, F. D.; Ergun, R. E.; Schwartz, S. J.; Eriksson, S.; Stawarz, J. E.; Goodrich, K. A.; Malaspina, D. M.; Holmes, J. C.; Sturner, A. P.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ergun, R. E.; Stawarz, J. E.; Goodrich, K. A.; Holmes, J. C.; Sturner, A. P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schwartz, S. J.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, London, England. [Newman, D. L.; Goldman, M. V.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gershman, D. J.; Pollock, C. J.; Giles, B. L.; Dorrelli, J. C.; Avanov, L. A.; Patterson, W. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Burch, J. L.] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Torbert, R. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lindqvist, P. -A.; Marklund, G. T.] Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Khotyaintsev, Y.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, Uppsala, Sweden. [Strangeway, R. J.; Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Plaschke, F.; Magnes, W.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Graz, Austria. RP Wilder, FD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM frederick.wilder@lasp.colorado.edu RI Stawarz, Julia/L-7387-2016; NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013; OI Stawarz, Julia/0000-0002-5702-5802; NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214; Eriksson, Stefan/0000-0002-5619-1577 FU NASA MMS project; Leverhulme Trust FX This work was funded by the NASA MMS project. S.J.S. thanks the Leverhulme Trust for the award of a research fellowship. We thank the MMS search coil magnetometer team for providing burst data and comments on our analyses. Level 2 spacecraft data are available via the MMS Science Data Center (https://lasp.colorado.edu/mms/sdc/public/). NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 43 IS 17 BP 8859 EP 8866 DI 10.1002/2016GL070404 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DY8CX UT WOS:000385357200005 ER PT J AU Xu, SS Mitchell, D Liemohn, M Dong, CF Bougher, S Fillingim, M Lillis, R McFadden, J Mazelle, C Connerney, J Jakosky, B AF Xu, Shaosui Mitchell, David Liemohn, Michael Dong, Chuanfei Bougher, Stephen Fillingim, Matthew Lillis, Robert McFadden, James Mazelle, Christian Connerney, Jack Jakosky, Bruce TI Deep nightside photoelectron observations by MAVEN SWEA: Implications for Martian northern hemispheric magnetic topology and nightside ionosphere source SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mars; photoelectrons; nightside ionosphere; magnetic topology; weak crustal fields; MAVEN ID SOLAR-WIND INTERACTION; ELECTRON REFLECTOMETRY; MARS; FIELD; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL; INSTRUMENT; MISSION; FLUXES; ATOMS AB The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission samples the Mars ionosphere down to altitudes of approximate to 150km over a wide range of local times and solar zenith angles. On 5 January 2015 (Orbit 520) when the spacecraft was in darkness at high northern latitudes (solar zenith angle, SZA>120 degrees; latitude>60 degrees), the Solar Wind Electron Analyzer (SWEA) instrument observed photoelectrons at altitudes below 200km. Such observations imply the presence of closed crustal magnetic field loops that cross the terminator and extend thousands of kilometers to the deep nightside. This occurs over the weak northern crustal magnetic source regions, where the magnetic field has been thought to be dominated by draped interplanetary magnetic fields (IMF). Such a day-night magnetic connectivity also provides a source of plasma and energy to the deep nightside. Simulations with the SuperThermal Electron Transport (STET) model show that photoelectron fluxes measured by SWEA precipitating onto the nightside atmosphere provide a source of ionization that can account for the O(2)(+)density measured by the Suprathermal and Thermal Ion Composition (STATIC) instrument below 200km. This finding indicates another channel for Martian energy redistribution to the deep nightside and consequently localized ionosphere patches and potentially aurora. C1 [Xu, Shaosui; Mitchell, David; Fillingim, Matthew; Lillis, Robert; McFadden, James] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, Shaosui; Liemohn, Michael; Dong, Chuanfei; Bougher, Stephen] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dong, Chuanfei] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dong, Chuanfei] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Mazelle, Christian] CNRS, IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Mazelle, Christian] Univ Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France. [Connerney, Jack] GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Jakosky, Bruce] Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Xu, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Xu, SS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM shaosui.xu@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Dong, Chuanfei/E-6485-2010; OI Dong, Chuanfei/0000-0002-8990-094X; Xu, Shaosui/0000-0002-5121-600X; connerney, jack/0000-0001-7478-6462 FU NASA; NSF [NNX13AG26G, AST-0908311]; NASA Mars Scout Program; Rackham graduate school of University of Michigan; NASA Living With a Star Jack Eddy Postdoctoral Fellowship Program FX The authors would like to thank NASA and NSF for their support of this project under grants NNX13AG26G and AST-0908311. This work was also supported by the NASA Mars Scout Program. The authors thank the Rackham graduate school of University of Michigan for the research grant that supports S. Xu's visit at SSL, University of California, Berkeley, which makes this study possible. C.F. Dong is supported by the NASA Living With a Star Jack Eddy Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. The MAVEN data used in this study are available through Planetary Data System. The BATS-R-US code is publicly available from http://csem.engin.umich.edu/tools/swmf. For distribution of the model results used in this study, please contact C. Dong (dcfy@pppl.gov). NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 43 IS 17 BP 8876 EP 8884 DI 10.1002/2016GL070527 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DY8CX UT WOS:000385357200007 ER PT J AU Edwards, CS Piqueux, S AF Edwards, Christopher S. Piqueux, Sylvain TI The water content of recurring slope lineae on Mars SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mars; recurring slope lineae; water budget; THEMIS; thermophysics ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; EMISSION SPECTROMETER; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; REFLECTANCE; STABILITY; SURFACE; THEMIS; ICE AB Observations of recurring slope lineae (RSL) from the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment have been interpreted as present-day, seasonally variable liquid water flows; however, orbital spectroscopy has not confirmed the presence of liquid H2O, only hydrated salts. Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) temperature data and a numerical heat transfer model definitively constrain the amount of water associated with RSL. Surface temperature differences between RSL-bearing and dry RSL-free terrains are consistent with no water associated with RSL and, based on measurement uncertainties, limit the water content of RSL to at most 0.5-3wt %. In addition, distinct high thermal inertia regolith signatures expected with crust-forming evaporitic salt deposits from cyclical briny water flows are not observed, indicating low water salinity (if any) and/or low enough volumes to prevent their formation. Alternatively, observed salts may be preexisting in soils at low abundances (i.e., near or below detection limits) and largely immobile. These RSL-rich surfaces experience similar to 100K diurnal temperature oscillations, possible freeze/thaw cycles and/or complete evaporation on time scales that challenge their habitability potential. The unique surface temperature measurements provided by THEMIS are consistent with a dry RSL hypothesis or at least significantly limit the water content of Martian RSL. C1 [Edwards, Christopher S.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Edwards, Christopher S.] Northern Univ Arizona, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Piqueux, Sylvain] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Edwards, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.; Edwards, CS (reprint author), Northern Univ Arizona, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Christopher.Edwards@nau.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors thank the 2001 Mars Odyssey THEMIS team, who aided in the collection of needed seasonal data. We thank Joshua Bandfield, Shane Byrne, and two anonymous reviewers that greatly improved the manuscript. All THEMIS, CTX, and HiRISE data presented in this work are available on the Planetary Data System (http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu), data processing software was completed using davinci (http://davinci.asu.edu) and the Integrated Software for Imaging Spectrometers (http://isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov), and modeling was conducted using the KRC thermal model (http://krc.mars.asu.edu). Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology was performed under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 43 IS 17 BP 8912 EP 8919 DI 10.1002/2016GL070179 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DY8CX UT WOS:000385357200011 ER PT J AU Coats, S Mankin, JS AF Coats, Sloan Mankin, Justin S. TI The challenge of accurately quantifying future megadrought risk in the American Southwest SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hydroclimate; drought; North America; climate; megadrought; projections ID LAST MILLENNIUM; NORTH-AMERICA; DROUGHT; RECONSTRUCTIONS; VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY; EVENTS; WATER AB American Southwest (ASW) megadroughts represent decadal-scale periods of dry conditions the near-term risks of which arise from natural low-frequency hydroclimate variability and anthropogenic forcing. A large single-climate-model ensemble indicates that anthropogenic forcing increases near-term ASW megadrought risk by a factor of 100; however, accurate risk assessment remains a challenge. At the global-scale we find that anthropogenic forcing may alter the variability driving megadroughts over 55% of land areas, undermining accurate assessments of their risk. For the remaining areas, current ensembles are too small to characterize megadroughts' driving variability. For example, constraining uncertainty in near-term ASW megadrought risk to 5 percentage points with high confidence requires 287 simulations. Such ensemble sizes are beyond current computational and storage resources, and these limitations suggest that constraining errors in near-term megadrought risk projections with high confidenceeven in places where underlying variability is stationaryis not currently possible. C1 [Coats, Sloan] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mankin, Justin S.] Columbia Univ, Ocean & Climate Phys, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Mankin, Justin S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Coats, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sloan.coats@colorado.edu FU Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University; Earth Institute Fellowship at Columbia University; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado, Boulder FX The authors would like to thank the National Center for Atmospheric Research's CESM1 (CAM5) Large Ensemble Community Project (LENS) and supercomputing resources provided by Stanford Center for Computational Earth and Environmental Science in the School of Earth, Energy, and Environmental Sciences at Stanford University. The model output employed from the LENS can be accessed at https://www2.cesm.ucar.edu/models/experiments/LENS. Our work was supported by the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University and the Earth Institute Fellowship at Columbia University to J.S.M. and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado, Boulder, and Kristopher B. Karnauskas to S.C. LDEO publication 8051. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 43 IS 17 BP 9225 EP 9233 DI 10.1002/2016GL070445 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DY8CX UT WOS:000385357200049 ER PT J AU Tong, D Pan, L Chen, WW Lamsal, L Lee, P Tang, YH Kim, H Kondragunta, S Stajner, I AF Tong, Daniel Pan, Li Chen, Weiwei Lamsal, Lok Lee, Pius Tang, Youhua Kim, Hyuncheol Kondragunta, Shobha Stajner, Ivanka TI Impact of the 2008 Global Recession on air quality over the United States: Implications for surface ozone levels from changes in NOx emissions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ozone; recession; NO2; air quality ID NITROGEN-OXIDES; NORTH-AMERICA; SATELLITE; POLLUTION; MODEL; CAPABILITY; SYSTEM; TRENDS; CITIES; SPACE AB Satellite and ground observations detected large variability in nitrogen oxides (NOx) during the 2008 economic recession, but the impact of the recession on air quality has not been quantified. This study combines observed NOx trends and a regional chemical transport model to quantify the impact of the recession on surface ozone (O-3) levels over the continental United States. The impact is quantified by simulating O-3 concentrations under two emission scenarios: business-as-usual (BAU) and recession. In the BAU case, the emission projection from the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule is used to estimate the would-be NOx emission level in 2011. In the recession case, the actual NO2 trends observed from Air Quality System ground monitors and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on the Aura satellite are used to obtain realistic changes in NOx emissions. The model prediction with the recession effect agrees better with ground O-3 observations over time and space than the prediction with the BAU emission. The results show that the recession caused a 1-2ppbv decrease in surface O-3 concentration over the eastern United States, a slight increase (0.5-1ppbv) over the Rocky Mountain region, and mixed changes in the Pacific West. The gain in air quality benefits during the recession, however, could be quickly offset by the much slower emission reduction rate during the post-recession period. C1 [Tong, Daniel] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tong, Daniel; Pan, Li; Tang, Youhua; Kim, Hyuncheol] George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Tong, Daniel; Pan, Li; Chen, Weiwei; Lee, Pius; Tang, Youhua; Kim, Hyuncheol] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Lamsal, Lok] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Lamsal, Lok] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kondragunta, Shobha] NOAA, Satellite & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Res & Applicat, College Pk, MD USA. [Stajner, Ivanka] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol Integrat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Tong, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Tong, D (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.; Tong, D (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM daniel.tong@noaa.gov RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; Kim, Hyun/G-1315-2012 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145 FU NOAA's US Weather Research Program (USWRP); Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Proving Ground and Risk Reduction Programs FX This work has been financially supported by grants from the NOAA's US Weather Research Program (USWRP) and Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Proving Ground and Risk Reduction Programs. Modeling system development was supported by the NOAA's National Air Quality Forecast Capability program. The authors are grateful to Nina Randazzo for data analysis and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NOAA or the Department of Commerce. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 43 IS 17 BP 9280 EP 9288 DI 10.1002/2016GL069885 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DY8CX UT WOS:000385357200055 ER PT J AU Schobesberger, S Lopez-Hilfiker, FD Taipale, D Millet, DB D'Ambro, EL Rantala, P Mammarella, I Zhou, PT Wolfe, GM Lee, BH Boy, M Thornton, JA AF Schobesberger, Siegfried Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D. Taipale, Ditte Millet, Dylan B. D'Ambro, Emma L. Rantala, Pekka Mammarella, Ivan Zhou, Putian Wolfe, Glenn M. Lee, Ben H. Boy, Michael Thornton, Joel A. TI High upward fluxes of formic acid from a boreal forest canopy SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE formic acid; eddy covariance fluxes; chemical ionization mass spectrometry; boreal forest; biogenic emissions ID ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; ACETIC-ACIDS; SCOTS PINE; MASS-SPECTROMETER; EDDY COVARIANCE; PEROXY NITRATES; SULFURIC-ACID; NEW-MODEL; GAS AB Eddy covariance fluxes of formic acid, HCOOH, were measured over a boreal forest canopy in spring/summer 2014. The HCOOH fluxes were bidirectional but mostly upward during daytime, in contrast to studies elsewhere that reported mostly downward fluxes. Downward flux episodes were explained well by modeled dry deposition rates. The sum of net observed flux and modeled dry deposition yields an upward gross flux of HCOOH, which could not be quantitatively explained by literature estimates of direct vegetative/soil emissions nor by efficient chemical production from other volatile organic compounds, suggesting missing or greatly underestimated HCOOH sources in the boreal ecosystem. We implemented a vegetative HCOOH source into the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to match our derived gross flux and evaluated the updated model against airborne and spaceborne observations. Model biases in the boundary layer were substantially reduced based on this revised treatment, but biases in the free troposphere remain unexplained. C1 [Schobesberger, Siegfried; Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D.; Lee, Ben H.; Thornton, Joel A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schobesberger, Siegfried; Rantala, Pekka; Mammarella, Ivan; Zhou, Putian; Boy, Michael] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Taipale, Ditte] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Dept Plant Physiol, Tartu, Estonia. [Taipale, Ditte] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland. [Millet, Dylan B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Minneapolis, MN USA. [D'Ambro, Emma L.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Schobesberger, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Schobesberger, S (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. EM sschobes@uw.edu RI Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; OI Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; Taipale, Ditte/0000-0002-2023-2461; Boy, Michael/0000-0002-8107-4524; Mammarella, Ivan/0000-0002-8516-3356; Zhou, Putian/0000-0003-0803-7337 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0006867]; European Commission (OXFLUX) [701958]; European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange); NSF CAREER [1148951]; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute FX We thank T. Vesala, P. Kolari, P. Keronen, E. Siivola, M. Kajos, and A. Manninen at U. Helsinki for helpful discussions and model and measurement data related to SMEAR II. We also thank J. de Gouw (NOAA ESRL), and the SENEX and TES science teams for providing observations, and P. Punttila (Ymparisto) and D.M. Sorger (NC State) for entomological insights. The University of Washington participated in the BAECC campaign with funds from the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0006867). S. Schobesberger acknowledges support from the European Commission (OXFLUX, project 701958), D. Taipale from the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange), and D. B. M. from NSF CAREER (1148951) and the Minnesota Supercomputing Institute. We thank K. Cady-Pereira (AER), M. Shephard (Environment Canada), and M. Luo (JPL) for developing TES HCOOH measurements, publicly available at http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov/data/. GEOS-Chem model code is available at www.geos-chem.org. SOSAA model output, the high-frequency HCOOH mixing ratio measurements by CIMS, and anemometer wind measurements are available at http://hdl.handle.net/1773/36867. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 43 IS 17 BP 9342 EP 9351 DI 10.1002/2016GL069599 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DY8CX UT WOS:000385357200062 ER PT J AU Zhou, DK Liu, X Larar, AM Tian, JL Smith, WL Kizer, SH Wu, W Liu, QH Goldberg, MD AF Zhou, Daniel K. Liu, Xu Larar, Allen M. Tian, Jialin Smith, William L. Kizer, Susan H. Wu, Wan Liu, Quanhua Goldberg, Mitch D. TI First Suomi NPP Cal/Val Campaign: Intercomparison of Satellite and Aircraft Sounding Retrievals SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric measurements; geophysical inverse problems; infrared measurements; remote sensing ID VALIDATION; EAQUATE; CLOUD AB Satellite ultraspectral infrared sensors provide key data records essential for weather forecasting and climate change science. The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite environmental data records (EDRs) are retrieved from calibrated ultraspectral radiance or sensor data records (SDRs). Understanding the accuracy of retrieved EDRs is critical. The first Suomi NPP Calibration/Validation Campaign was conducted during May 2013. The NASA high-altitude ER-2 aircraft carrying ultraspectral interferometer sounders such as the National Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I) flew under the Suomi NPP satellite that carries the cross-track infrared sounder (CrIS) and the advanced technology microwave sounder (ATMS). Here, we intercompare the EDRs produced with different retrieval algorithms from SDRs measured from satellite and aircraft. The available dropsonde and radiosonde measurements together with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis are used to assess the results of this experiment. This study indicates that the CrIS/ATMS retrieval accuracy meets the Suomi NPP EDR requirement, except in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) where we have less confidence in meeting the requirement due to retrieval null-space error. C1 [Zhou, Daniel K.; Liu, Xu; Larar, Allen M.; Tian, Jialin] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Smith, William L.; Kizer, Susan H.; Wu, Wan] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Liu, Quanhua; Goldberg, Mitch D.] NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Zhou, DK (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM daniel.k.zhou@nasa.gov FU NASA Headquarters; NASA Langley Research Center; NOAA NESDIS/JPSS Program Office; NAST-I program FX The authors greatly appreciate the contributions of NASA's Langley Research Center and the U.K. Met Office. The authors would like to thank NASA ER-2 aircraft pilots and crewmembers based at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center for their dedication. The NAST-I program is supported by NASA Headquarters, NASA Langley Research Center, and NOAA NESDIS/JPSS Program Office. The authors would also like to thank Dr. A. Gambacorta of NOAA NESDIS for useful discussion; and Dr. J. Kaye of NASA's Science Mission Directorate for his continued, enabling support of the NAST-I program. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 9 IS 9 BP 4037 EP 4046 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2516765 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DY6NW UT WOS:000385245000005 ER PT J AU Selvakumaran, R Veenadhari, B Akiyama, S Pandya, M Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Kumar, S Makela, P Xie, H AF Selvakumaran, R. Veenadhari, B. Akiyama, S. Pandya, Megha Gopalswamy, N. Yashiro, S. Kumar, Sandeep Maekelae, P. Xie, H. TI On the reduced geoeffectiveness of solar cycle 24: A moderate storm perspective SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE moderate storms; solar source identification; reduced geoeffectiveness ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTENSE GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; DST LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-50 NT; MAGNETIC STORMS; RING CURRENT; INTERPLANETARY ORIGIN; INTERACTION REGIONS; SPACE WEATHER; TAIL CURRENT; MAIN PHASE AB The moderate and intense geomagnetic storms are identified for the first 77months of solar cycles 23 and 24. The solar sources responsible for the moderate geomagnetic storms are indentified during the same epoch for both the cycles. Solar cycle 24 has shown nearly 80% reduction in the occurrence of intense storms whereas it is only 40% in case of moderate storms when compared to previous cycle. The solar and interplanetary characteristics of the moderate storms driven by coronal mass ejection (CME) are compared for solar cycles 23 and 24 in order to see reduction in geoeffectiveness has anything to do with the occurrence of moderate storm. Though there is reduction in the occurrence of moderate storms, the Dst distribution does not show much difference. Similarly, the solar source parameters like CME speed, mass, and width did not show any significant variation in the average values as well as the distribution. The correlation between VBz and Dst is determined, and it is found to be moderate with value of 0.68 for cycle 23 and 0.61 for cycle 24. The magnetospheric energy flux parameter epsilon (epsilon) is estimated during the main phase of all moderate storms during solar cycles 23 and 24. The energy transfer decreased in solar cycle 24 when compared to cycle 23. These results are significantly different when all geomagnetic storms are taken into consideration for both the solar cycles. C1 [Selvakumaran, R.; Veenadhari, B.; Pandya, Megha; Kumar, Sandeep] Indian Inst Geomagnetism, New Panvel, India. [Akiyama, S.; Gopalswamy, N.; Yashiro, S.; Maekelae, P.; Xie, H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Akiyama, S.; Yashiro, S.; Maekelae, P.; Xie, H.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Selvakumaran, R (reprint author), Indian Inst Geomagnetism, New Panvel, India. EM selva2986@gmail.com FU NASA's LWS TRT program FX R. Selvakumaran benefited from the SCOSTEP Visiting Scholar Program, under which he visited NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, where this research was performed. Authors from Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG) are grateful to Director, IIG, for support and encouragement to carry out the work. We thank the ACE, Wind, and OMNIWeb teams for providing the solar wind data. We acknowledge the use of solar imagery from SDO, SOHO, and STEREO missions. This work greatly benefited from the open data policy of NASA. The work of N.G., S.A., S.Y., P.M., and H.X. was supported by NASA's LWS TR&T program. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 8188 EP 8202 DI 10.1002/2016JA022885 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4QM UT WOS:000385844000003 ER PT J AU Neugebauer, M Reisenfeld, D Richardson, IG AF Neugebauer, Marcia Reisenfeld, Daniel Richardson, Ian G. TI Comparison of algorithms for determination of solar wind regimes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE solar wind ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS; STREAM INTERFACES; QUASI-STATIONARY; EARTH; SPACECRAFT; MISSION; CLOUDS; MATTER AB This study compares the designation of different solar wind flow regimes (transient, coronal hole, and streamer belt) according to two algorithms derived from observations by the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer, the Solar Wind Electron Proton Alpha Monitor, and the Magnetometer on the ACE spacecraft, with a similar regime determination performed on board the Genesis spacecraft. The comparison is made for the interval from late 2001 to early 2004 when Genesis was collecting solar wind ions for return to Earth. The agreement between hourly regime assignments from any pair of algorithms was less than two thirds, while the simultaneous agreement between all three algorithms was only 49%. When the results of the algorithms were compared to a catalog of interplanetary coronal mass ejection events, it was found that almost all the events in the catalog were confirmed by the spacecraft algorithms. On the other hand, many short transient events, lasting 1 to 13h, that were unanimously selected as transient like by the algorithms, were not included in the catalog. C1 [Neugebauer, Marcia] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Reisenfeld, Daniel] Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Richardson, Ian G.] Univ Maryland, CRESST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Richardson, Ian G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Richardson, Ian G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Neugebauer, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mneugeb@lpl.arizona.edu FU ACE mission; NSF; NASA Laboratory Analysis of Returned Samples (LARS) program [NNX15AG19G] FX The Genesis, SWICS, SWEPAM, and MAG parameters are all available at http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov and other sites listed in the text. The times of Genesis collector (regime) changes are available in the supporting information of the paper by Reisenfeld et al. [2013]. I.G.R. acknowledges support from the ACE mission. The Thule neutron monitor of the Bartol Research Institute is supported by NSF. D.B.R. acknowledges support from the NASA Laboratory Analysis of Returned Samples (LARS) program, grant NNX15AG19G. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 8215 EP 8227 DI 10.1002/2016JA023142 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4QM UT WOS:000385844000005 ER PT J AU Chamberlin, PC Gong, Q AF Chamberlin, Phillip C. Gong, Qian TI An integral field spectrograph utilizing mirrorlet arrays SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Heliophysics; instrumentation; EUV; solar; photons; solar eruptive events ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER; SOLAR; REGION; 3D AB An integral field spectrograph (IFS) has been developed that utilizes a new and novel optical design to observe two spatial dimensions simultaneously with one spectral dimension. This design employs an optical 2-D array of reflecting and focusing mirrorlets. This mirrorlet array is placed at the imaging plane of the front-end telescope to generate a 2-D array of tiny spots replacing what would be the slit in a traditional slit spectrometer design. After the mirrorlet in the optical path, a grating on a concave mirror surface will image the spot array and provide high-resolution spectrum for each spatial element at the same time; therefore, the IFS simultaneously obtains the 3-D data cube of two spatial and one spectral dimensions. The new mirrorlet technology is currently in-house and undergoing laboratory testing at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Section 1 describes traditional classes of instruments that are used in Heliophysics missions and a quick introduction to the new IFS design. Section 2 discusses the details of the most generic mirrorlet IFS, while section 3 presents test results of a lab-based instrument. An example application to a Heliophysics mission to study solar eruptive events in extreme ultraviolet wavelengths is presented in section 4 that has high spatial resolution (0.5arcsecpixels) in the two spatial dimensions and high spectral resolution (66m angstrom) across a 15 angstrom spectral window. Section 4 also concludes with some other optical variations that could be employed on the more basic IFS for further capabilities of this type of instrument. C1 [Chamberlin, Phillip C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Div, Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gong, Qian] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Instrument Syst & Technol Div, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Chamberlin, PC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Div, Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Phillip.C.Chamberlin@NASA.gov RI Chamberlin, Phillip/C-9531-2012 OI Chamberlin, Phillip/0000-0003-4372-7405 FU NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's Internal Research and Development (IRAD) program FX This work was support under NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's Internal Research and Development (IRAD) program. The authors would like to thank RPC Photonics for producing the mirrorlet array. No data were used in producing this manuscript. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 8250 EP 8259 DI 10.1002/2016JA022487 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4QM UT WOS:000385844000008 ER PT J AU Poh, G Slavin, JA Jia, XZ DiBraccio, GA Raines, JM Imber, SM Gershman, DJ Sun, WJ Anderson, BJ Korth, H Zurbuchen, TH McNutt, RL Solomon, SC AF Poh, Gangkai Slavin, James A. Jia, Xianzhe DiBraccio, Gina A. Raines, Jim M. Imber, Suzanne M. Gershman, Daniel J. Sun, Wei-Jie Anderson, Brian J. Korth, Haje Zurbuchen, Thomas H. McNutt, Ralph L., Jr. Solomon, Sean C. TI MESSENGER observations of cusp plasma filaments at Mercury SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cusp filaments; Mercury; reconnection ID FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; MAGNETOSPHERE; INSTRUMENT; MODEL; HOLES; SHEAR AB The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft while in orbit about Mercury observed highly localized, similar to 3-s-long reductions in the dayside magnetospheric magnetic field, with amplitudes up to 90% of the ambient intensity. These magnetic field depressions are termed cusp filaments because they were observed from just poleward of the magnetospheric cusp to midlatitudes, i.e., similar to 55 degrees to 85 degrees N. We analyzed 345 high- and low-altitude cusp filaments identified from MESSENGER magnetic field data to determine their physical properties. Minimum variance analysis indicates that most filaments resemble cylindrical flux tubes within which the magnetic field intensity decreases toward its central axis. If the filaments move over the spacecraft at an estimated magnetospheric convection speed of similar to 35km/s, then they have a typical diameter of similar to 105km or similar to 7gyroradii for 1keVH(+) ions in a 300nT magnetic field. During these events, MESSENGER's Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer observed H+ ions with magnetosheath-like energies. MESSENGER observations during the spacecraft's final low-altitude campaign revealed that these cusp filaments likely extend down to Mercury's surface. We calculated an occurrence-rate-normalized integrated particle precipitation rate onto the surface from all filaments of (2.700.09)x10(25)s(-1). This precipitation rate is comparable to published estimates of the total precipitation rate in the larger-scale cusp. Overall, the MESSENGER observations analyzed here suggest that cusp filaments are the magnetospheric extensions of the flux transfer events that form at the magnetopause as a result of localized magnetic reconnection. C1 [Poh, Gangkai; Slavin, James A.; Jia, Xianzhe; Raines, Jim M.; Imber, Suzanne M.; Gershman, Daniel J.; Zurbuchen, Thomas H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [DiBraccio, Gina A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Imber, Suzanne M.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester, Leics, England. [Gershman, Daniel J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Sun, Wei-Jie] Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Anderson, Brian J.; Korth, Haje; McNutt, Ralph L., Jr.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Solomon, Sean C.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Solomon, Sean C.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC USA. RP Poh, G (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM gangkai@umich.edu RI Jia, Xianzhe/C-5171-2012; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012 OI Jia, Xianzhe/0000-0002-8685-1484; Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X FU NASA [NASW-00002, NAS5-97271, NNX15K88G, NNX15AL01G]; Living With a Star Program [NNX16AJ67G]; Solar System Workings Program [NNX15AH28G] FX Conversations with J. C. Kasper on the identification method used here are appreciated. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on an earlier draft. The MESSENGER project is supported by the NASA Discovery Program under contracts NASW-00002 to the Carnegie Institution of Washington and NAS5-97271 to The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. All data analyzed in this paper are archived with the NASA Planetary Data System. Further support was provided by NASA Discovery Data Analysis Program grants NNX15K88G and NNX15AL01G, Living With a Star Program grant NNX16AJ67G, and Solar System Workings Program grant NNX15AH28G to the University of Michigan. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 8260 EP 8285 DI 10.1002/2016JA022552 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4QM UT WOS:000385844000009 ER PT J AU Fennell, JF Blake, JB Claudepierre, S Mazur, J Kanekal, S O'Brien, P Baker, D Crain, W Mabry, D Clemmons, J AF Fennell, J. F. Blake, J. B. Claudepierre, S. Mazur, J. Kanekal, S. O'Brien, P. Baker, D. Crain, W. Mabry, D. Clemmons, J. TI Current energetic particle sensors SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE energetic particles; sensors ID ALLEN PROBES OBSERVATIONS; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; IMPENETRABLE BARRIER; MAGNETOSONIC WAVES; RADIATION BELTS; STORM; PRECIPITATION; ACCELERATION; PLASMASPHERE; ZONE AB Several energetic particle sensors designed to make measurements in the current decade are described and their technology and capabilities discussed and demonstrated. Most of these instruments are already on orbit or approaching launch. These include the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometers (MagEIS) and the Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope (REPT) that are flying on the Van Allen Probes, the Fly's Eye Electron Proton Spectrometers (FEEPS) flying on the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, and Dosimeters flying on the AC6 Cubesat mission. We focus mostly on the electron measurement capability of these sensors while providing summary comments of their ion measurement capabilities if they have any. C1 [Fennell, J. F.; Blake, J. B.; Claudepierre, S.; Mazur, J.; O'Brien, P.; Crain, W.; Mabry, D.; Clemmons, J.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Kanekal, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Baker, D.] Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Fennell, JF (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM joseph.fennell@aero.org OI Claudepierre, Seth/0000-0001-5513-5947; Clemmons, James/0000-0002-5298-5222 FU Van Allen Probes ECT - JHU/APL [967399]; Southwest Research Institute [792084N/E99017JD]; JHU/APL under NASA's prime [967399, NAS5-01072]; Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science (ROSES) [NNH12ZDA001N-GEO]; US Air Force SMC/AD (Space and Missile Systems Center Advanced Systems and Development Directorate) FX The development of the MagEIS and FEEPS sensors and the analysis of their data were supported in part by Van Allen Probes ECT funding provided by JHU/APL contract 967399 and by Southwest Research Institute contract 792084N/E99017JD, respectively. The REPT sensor development at LASP, University of Colorado, was supported by JHU/APL contract 967399 under NASA's prime contract NAS5-01072. CeREs is funded under the NNH12ZDA001N-GEO for Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science-2012 (ROSES-2012). The AC6 bus was developed under the Aerospace Corporation Multi-Program Acquisition Capability Enhancement Program, and the AC6 dosimeter payload was funded by US Air Force SMC/AD (Space and Missile Systems Center Advanced Systems and Development Directorate). The Van Allen Probes ECT data are available at http://www.rbsp-ect.lanl.gov/science/DataDirectories.php or from the authors. The MMS/FEEPS data are available at https://lasp.colorado.edu/mms/sdc/about/browse-wrapper/ or from the authors. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 8840 EP 8858 DI 10.1002/2016JA022588 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4QM UT WOS:000385844000044 ER PT J AU Peterson, WK Thiemann, EMB Eparvier, FG Andersson, L Fowler, CM Larson, D Mitchell, D Mazelle, C Fontenla, J Evans, JS Xu, SS Liemohn, M Bougher, S Sakai, S Cravens, TE Elrod, MK Benna, M Mahaffy, P Jakosky, B AF Peterson, W. K. Thiemann, E. M. B. Eparvier, Francis G. Andersson, Laila Fowler, C. M. Larson, Davin Mitchell, Dave Mazelle, Christian Fontenla, Juan Evans, J. Scott Xu, Shaosui Liemohn, Mike Bougher, Stephen Sakai, Shotaro Cravens, T. E. Elrod, M. K. Benna, M. Mahaffy, P. Jakosky, Bruce TI Photoelectrons and solar ionizing radiation at Mars: Predictions versus MAVEN observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE photoelectron; observation; model; Mars; thermosphere ID ELECTRON; IRRADIANCE; MODEL; CODE; EUV AB Understanding the evolution of the Martian atmosphere requires knowledge of processes transforming solar irradiance into thermal energy well enough to model them accurately. Here we compare Martian photoelectron energy spectra measured at periapsis by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution MissioN (MAVEN) with calculations made using three photoelectron production codes and three solar irradiance models as well as modeled and measured CO2 densities. We restricted our comparisons to regions where the contribution from solar wind electrons and ions were negligible. The two intervals examined on 19 October 2014 have different observed incident solar irradiance spectra. In spite of the differences in photoionization cross sections and irradiance spectra used, we find the agreement between models to be within the combined uncertainties associated with the observations from the MAVEN neutral density, electron flux, and solar irradiance instruments. C1 [Peterson, W. K.; Thiemann, E. M. B.; Eparvier, Francis G.; Andersson, Laila; Fowler, C. M.; Jakosky, Bruce] Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Larson, Davin; Mitchell, Dave; Xu, Shaosui] Univ Calif Berkeley, SSL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mazelle, Christian] Univ Toulouse, IRAP, UPS OMP, Toulouse, France. [Mazelle, Christian] CNRS, IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Fontenla, Juan] Northwest Res Associates, Boulder, CO USA. [Evans, J. Scott] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. [Xu, Shaosui; Liemohn, Mike; Bougher, Stephen] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Sakai, Shotaro; Cravens, T. E.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Elrod, M. K.; Benna, M.; Mahaffy, P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Elrod, M. K.] Univ Maryland, CRESST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Peterson, WK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bill.peterson@lasp.colorado.edu RI Peterson, WK/A-8706-2009; OI Peterson, WK/0000-0002-1513-6096; EPARVIER, FRANCIS/0000-0001-7143-2730; Sakai, Shotaro/0000-0001-9135-2076 FU CNES; NASA's Planetary Science Division FX We thank the MAVEN team for providing spacecraft instruments capable of returning the exceptionally good data used in this report. Input values used for the models are available on request from the lead author. Work related to observations with the SWEA instrument was partially supported by CNES. This research was supported by NASA's Planetary Science Division. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 8859 EP 8870 DI 10.1002/2016JA022677 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4QM UT WOS:000385844000045 ER PT J AU Verkhoglyadova, OP Tsurutani, BT Mannucci, AJ Mlynczak, MG Hunt, LA Paxton, LJ Komjathy, A AF Verkhoglyadova, O. P. Tsurutani, B. T. Mannucci, A. J. Mlynczak, M. G. Hunt, L. A. Paxton, L. J. Komjathy, A. TI Solar wind driving of ionosphere-thermosphere responses in three storms near St. Patrick's Day in 2012, 2013, and 2015 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; thermosphere; coupling; solar wind; ICME; geomagnetic storm ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER GUVI; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETIC STORMS; MASS EJECTIONS; LOW-LATITUDE; CAWSES II; SUBSTORMS; SHOCKS; ELECTRODYNAMICS; PROMINENCE AB We identify interplanetary plasma regions associated with three intense interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs)-driven geomagnetic storm intervals which occurred around the same time of the year: day of year 74-79 (March) of 2012, 2013, and 2015. We show that differences in solar wind drivers lead to different dynamical ionosphere-thermosphere (IT) responses and to different preconditioning of the IT system. We introduce a new hourly based global metric for average low-latitude and northern middle-latitude vertical total electron content responses in the morning, afternoon, and evening local time ranges, derived from measurements from globally distributed Global Navigation Satellite System ground stations. Our novel technique of estimating nitric oxide (NO) cooling radiation in 11 degrees latitudinal zones is based on Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED)/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) measurements. The thermospheric cooling throughout the storm phases is studied with this high latitudinal resolution for the first time. Additionally, TIMED/Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) observations of the dynamical response of the thermospheric composition (O/N-2 ratio) are utilized to study negative ionospheric storm effects. Based on these data sets, we describe and quantify distinct IT responses to driving by ICME sheaths, magnetic clouds, coronal loop remnants, plasma discontinuities, and high-speed streams following ICMEs. Our analysis of coupling functions indicates strong connection between coupling with the solar wind and IT system response in ICME-type storms and also some differences. Knowledge of interplanetary features is crucial for understanding IT storm dynamics. C1 [Verkhoglyadova, O. P.; Tsurutani, B. T.; Mannucci, A. J.; Komjathy, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mlynczak, M. G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Hunt, L. A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Paxton, L. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. RP Verkhoglyadova, OP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Olga.Verkhoglyadova@jpl.nasa.gov RI Paxton, Larry/D-1934-2015; OI Paxton, Larry/0000-0002-2597-347X; Hunt, Linda/0000-0002-5330-541X FU NASA TIMED project office FX Portions of this work were done at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. M. Mlynczak and L. Paxton would like to acknowledge support from the NASA TIMED project office. O. Verkhoglyadova would like to thank M. Butala (now at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) for help with TEC data processing and E. Astafyeva for stimulating discussions. SABER data are available at http://saber.gats-inc.com/. GUVI data are available at http://timedguvi.jhuapl.edu. Solar wind parameters and activity indices are taken from the OMNI database (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min.html). We acknowledge IGS data service, Geoscience Australia (ftp://ftp.ga.gov.au/geodesy-outgoing/gnss/pub/maps/argn_map.pdf) and the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan for providing GEONET data (http://www.gsi.go.jp/ENGLISH/page_e30233.html). ACE magnetometer data were provided by the ACE Science Center through http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ASC/level2/index.html. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 8900 EP 8923 DI 10.1002/2016JA022883 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4QM UT WOS:000385844000048 ER PT J AU Zhou, YL Luhr, H Xiong, C Pfaff, RF AF Zhou, Yun-Liang Luehr, Hermann Xiong, Chao Pfaff, Robert F. TI Ionospheric storm effects and equatorial plasma irregularities during the 17-18 March 2015 event SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ionospheric storms; equatorial plasma irregularities; prompt penetration electric field; disturbance dynamo electric field ID PATRICKS DAY STORM; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; F-REGION; THERMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE; CHAMP OBSERVATIONS; BUBBLE OCCURRENCE; MAGNETIC STORM; LOW LATITUDES AB The intense magnetic storm on 17-18 March 2015 caused large disturbances of the ionosphere. Based on the plasma density (Ni) observations performed by the Swarm fleet of satellites, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment mission, and the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite, we characterize the storm-related perturbations at low latitudes. All these satellites sampled the ionosphere in morning and evening time sectors where large modifications occurred. Modifications of plasma density are closely related to changes of the solar wind merging electric field (E-m). We consider two mechanisms, prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) and disturbance dynamo electric field (DDEF), as the main cause for the Ni redistribution, but effects of meridional wind are also taken into account. At the start of the storm main phase, the PPEF is enhancing plasma density on the dayside and reducing it on the nightside. Later, DDEF takes over and causes the opposite reaction. Unexpectedly, there appears during the recovery phase a strong density enhancement in the morning/prenoon sector and a severe Ni reduction in the afternoon/evening sector, and we suggest a combined effect of vertical plasma drift, and meridional wind is responsible for these ionospheric storm effects. Different from earlier studies about this storm, we also investigate the influence of storm dynamics on the initiation of equatorial plasma irregularities (EPIs). Shortly after the start of the storm main phase, EPIs appear in the postsunset sector. As a response to a short-lived decline of E-m, EPI activity appears in the early morning sector. Following the second start of the main phase, EPIs are generated for a few hours in the late evening sector. However, for the rest of the storm main phase, no more EPIs are initiated for more than 12h. Only after the onset of recovery phase does EPI activity start again in the postmidnight sector, lasting more than 7h. This comprehensive view of ionospheric storm effects and plasma irregularities adds to our understanding of conditions that lead to ionospheric instabilities. C1 [Zhou, Yun-Liang] Wuhan Univ, Sch Elect Informat, Dept Space Phys, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Yun-Liang; Luehr, Hermann; Xiong, Chao] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany. [Pfaff, Robert F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Luhr, H (reprint author), GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany. EM hluehr@gfz-potsdam.de RI Barbosa, Flavio/G-3630-2013 FU Space Agency of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) through funds of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology; National Nature Science Foundation of China [41274194, 41431073]; China Scholarship Council [201506275011] FX The European Space Agency (ESA) is acknowledged for providing the Swarm data. The electron density is obtained from http://earth.esa.int/swarm. The GRACE mission is sponsored by the Space Agency of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) through funds of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology. The GRACE data are available at the Information System and Data Center (ISDC) of GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. Data set names are as follows: GA-OG-1B-NAVSOL, GB-OG-1B-NAVSOL, and GX-OG-1B-KBRDAT. The solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field data are derived from NASA's ACE mission, and they can be found at http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ASC/level2/. The SYMH data are provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto, and downloaded from http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/aeasy/index.html. The global ionospheric maps (GIM) are available from ftp://cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov/gps/products/ionex/. The work of YunLiang Zhou is supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (41274194 and 41431073) and China Scholarship Council (201506275011). NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 9 BP 9146 EP 9163 DI 10.1002/2016JA023122 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4QM UT WOS:000385844000065 ER PT J AU Qiu, JX Crow, WT Nearing, GS AF Qiu, Jianxiu Crow, Wade T. Nearing, Grey S. TI The Impact of Vertical Measurement Depth on the Information Content of Soil Moisture for Latent Heat Flux Estimation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEAR-SURFACE; ERS SCATTEROMETER; ASSIMILATION; VALIDATION; VEGETATION; PRODUCTS; QUALITY AB This study aims to identify the impact of vertical support on the information content of soil moisture (SM) for latent heat flux estimation. This objective is achieved via calculation of the mutual information (MI) content between multiple soil moisture variables (with different vertical supports) and current/future evaporative fraction (EF) using ground-based soil moisture and latent/sensible heat flux observations acquired from the AmeriFlux network within the contiguous United States. Through the intercomparison of MI results from different SM-EF pairs, the general value (for latent heat flux estimation) of superficial soil moisture observations theta(S), vertically integrated soil moisture observations theta(V), and vertically extrapolated soil moisture time series [soil wetness index (SWI) from a simple low-pass transformation of theta(S)] are examined. Results suggest that, contrary to expectations, 2-day averages of theta(S) and theta(V) have comparable mutual information with regards to EF. That is, there is no clear evidence that the information content for flux estimation is enhanced via deepening the vertical support of superficial soil moisture observations. In addition, the utility of SWI in monitoring and forecasting EF is partially dependent on the adopted parameterization of time-scale parameter T in the exponential filter. Similar results are obtained when analyses are conducted at the monthly time scale, only with larger error bars. The contrast between the results of this paper and past work focusing on utilizing soil moisture to predict vegetation condition demonstrates that the particular application should be considered when characterizing the information content of soil moisture time series measurements. C1 [Qiu, Jianxiu] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Geog & Planning, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Urbanizat & Geosimulat, 135 Xingang Xi Rd, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Crow, Wade T.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Nearing, Grey S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Qiu, JX (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Geog & Planning, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Urbanizat & Geosimulat, 135 Xingang Xi Rd, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM qiujianxiu@mail.sysu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41501450]; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China [2016A030310154]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [16lgpy06] FX This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41501450), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant 2016A030310154), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (16lgpy06). We thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 17 IS 9 BP 2419 EP 2430 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-16-0044.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DY8YZ UT WOS:000385419800005 ER PT J AU Tan, J Petersen, WA Tokay, A AF Tan, Jackson Petersen, Walter A. Tokay, Ali TI A Novel Approach to Identify Sources of Errors in IMERG for GPM Ground Validation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTISATELLITE PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS; UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; UNITED-STATES; ANALYSIS TMPA; DAY-1 IMERG; REAL-TIME; PRODUCTS; RESOLUTION; RAINFALL AB The comparison of satellite and high-quality, ground-based estimates of precipitation is an important means to assess the confidence in satellite-based algorithms and to provide a benchmark for their continued development and future improvement. To these ends, it is beneficial to identify sources of estimation uncertainty, thereby facilitating a precise understanding of the origins of the problem. This is especially true for new datasets such as the Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM(IMERG) product, which provides global precipitation gridded at a high resolution using measurements from different sources and techniques. Here, IMERG is evaluated against a dense network of gauges in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. A novel approach is presented, leveraging ancillary variables in IMERG to attribute the errors to the individual instruments or techniques within the algorithm. As a whole, IMERG exhibits some misses and false alarms for rain detection, while its rain-rate estimates tend to overestimate drizzle and underestimate heavy rain with considerable random error. Tracing the errors to their sources, the most reliable IMERG estimates come from passive microwave satellites, which in turn exhibit a hierarchy of performance. The morphing technique has comparable proficiency with the less skillful satellites, but infrared estimations perform poorly. The approach here demonstrated that, underlying the overall reasonable performance of IMERG, different sources have different reliability, thus enabling both IMERG users and developers to better recognize the uncertainty in the estimate. Future validation efforts are urged to adopt such a categorization to bridge between gridded rainfall and instantaneous satellite estimates. C1 [Tan, Jackson] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Tan, Jackson; Tokay, Ali] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613,Bldg 33,Room C327,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Petersen, Walter A.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Off, Huntsville, AL USA. [Tokay, Ali] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Tan, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613,Bldg 33,Room C327,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jackson.tan@nasa.gov RI Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; OI Tan, Jackson/0000-0001-7085-3074 FU GPM Mission; PMM Science Team FX We thank George Huffman and David Bolvin for informative discussions on IMERG and Yudong Tian for instructive consultation on the multiplicative error model. The gauge data are maintained by the NASA Wallops GPM GV Team, and we acknowledge David Wolff for his assistance with the data. The MRMS data were processed for the GPM GV Program by Pierre-Emmanuel Kirstetter, and we appreciate the further assistance provided by Jianxin Wang. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. J.T. is supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Universities Space Research Association through a contract with NASA. W.A.P. and A.T. acknowledge support from the GPM Mission (Project Scientist, Gail S. Jackson, and GV Systems Manager, Mathew Schwaller) and also PMM Science Team funding provided by Dr. Ramesh Kakar. The IMERG data were provided by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's PMM and PPS teams, which develop and compute the IMERG as a contribution to GPM, and archived at the NASA GES DISC. All codes used in this analysis are freely available at https://github.com/JacksonTanBS/2016_Tan-et-al._JHM. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 17 IS 9 BP 2477 EP 2491 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-16-0079.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DY8YZ UT WOS:000385419800008 ER PT J AU Righter, K Cosca, MA Morgan, LE AF Righter, K. Cosca, M. A. Morgan, L. E. TI Preservation of ancient impact ages on the R chondrite parent body: Ar-40/Ar-39 age of hornblende-bearing R chondrite LAP 04840 SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INNER SOLAR-SYSTEM; RUMURUTI CHONDRITE; EXPOSURE AGES; HISTORY; MINERALOGY; METEORITE; AMPHIBOLE; SHOCK; ABUNDANCES; CHRONOLOGY AB The hornblende- and biotite-bearing R chondrite LAP 04840 is a rare kind of meteorite possibly containing outer solar system water stored during metamorphism or postshock annealing deep within an asteroid. Because little is known regarding its age and origin, we determined Ar-40/Ar-39 ages on hornblende-rich separates of the meteorite, and obtained plateau ages of 4340(+/- 40) to 4380(+/- 30) Ma. These well-defined plateau ages, coupled with evidence for postshock annealing, indicate this meteorite records an ancient shock event and subsequent annealing. The age of 4340-4380Ma (or 4.34-4.38Ga) for this and other previously dated R chondrites is much older than most impact events recorded by ordinary chondrites and points to an ancient event or events that predated the late heavy bombardment that is recorded in so many meteorites and lunar samples. C1 [Righter, K.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Mailcode XI2,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Cosca, M. A.; Morgan, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Righter, K (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Mailcode XI2,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM kevin.righter-1@nasa.gov FU RTOP from NASA Cosmochemistry program; NSF; NASA FX Funding for this study was provided by an RTOP to KR from the NASA Cosmochemistry program. U.S. Antarctic meteorite samples are recovered by the Antarctic Search for Meteorites (ANSMET) program which has been funded by NSF and NASA, and characterized and curated by the Department of Mineral Sciences of the Smithsonian Institution and Astromaterials Curation Office at NASA Johnson Space Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. Reviews by J. Park, M. McCanta, and comments of AE Yamaguchi helped to improve presentation of our results. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 51 IS 9 BP 1678 EP 1684 DI 10.1111/maps.12692 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DW4QX UT WOS:000383629200008 ER PT J AU Pugh, TAM Muller, C Elliott, J Deryng, D Folberth, C Olin, S Schmid, E Arneth, A AF Pugh, T. A. M. Mueller, C. Elliott, J. Deryng, D. Folberth, C. Olin, S. Schmid, E. Arneth, A. TI Climate analogues suggest limited potential for intensification of production on current croplands under climate change SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID RISING CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; CROP YIELD; IMPACTS; FOOD; AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT; MODEL AB Climate change could pose a major challenge to efforts towards strongly increase food production over the coming decades. However, model simulations of future climate-impacts on crop yields differ substantially in the magnitude and even direction of the projected change. Combining observations of current maximum-attainable yield with climate analogues, we provide a complementary method of assessing the effect of climate change on crop yields. Strong reductions in attainable yields of major cereal crops are found across a large fraction of current cropland by 2050. These areas are vulnerable to climate change and have greatly reduced opportunity for agricultural intensification. However, the total land area, including regions not currently used for crops, climatically suitable for high attainable yields of maize, wheat and rice is similar by 2050 to the present-day. Large shifts in land-use patterns and crop choice will likely be necessary to sustain production growth rates and keep pace with demand. C1 [Pugh, T. A. M.; Arneth, A.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res Atmospher Environm Re, Kreuzeckbahnstr 19, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Pugh, T. A. M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Pugh, T. A. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham Inst Forest Res, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Mueller, C.] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, POB 60 12 03, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. [Elliott, J.; Deryng, D.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Elliott, J.; Deryng, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Deryng, D.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Deryng, D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Folberth, C.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Ecosyst Serv & Management Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Folberth, C.] Univ Munich, Dept Geog, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Olin, S.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Solvegatan 12, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Schmid, E.] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Dept Econ & Social Sci, Feistmantelstr 4, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Pugh, TAM (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res Atmospher Environm Re, Kreuzeckbahnstr 19, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. EM t.a.m.pugh@bham.ac.uk RI Deryng, Delphine/F-7417-2010; Pugh, Thomas/A-3790-2010; OI Deryng, Delphine/0000-0001-6214-7241; Pugh, Thomas/0000-0002-6242-7371; Schmid, Erwin/0000-0003-4783-9666; Muller, Christoph/0000-0002-9491-3550 FU European Commission [603542 (LUC4C)]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), through the Helmholtz Association; MACMIT project - BMBF [01LN1317A]; Research Fellowship of Ludwig Maximilian University Munich; Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison project (GGCMI) of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) FX T.A.M.P. and A.A. were funded by the European Commission's 7th Framework Programme, under Grant Agreement number 603542 (LUC4C). This work was supported, in part, by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), through the Helmholtz Association and its research program ATMO. C.M. acknowledges financial support from the MACMIT project (01LN1317A) funded through the BMBF. C.F. was supported by a Research Fellowship of Ludwig Maximilian University Munich. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output. The Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison project (GGCMI) of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) is thanked for funding travel to workshops where the ideas in this manuscript were developed. This is paper number 17 of the Birmingham Institute of Forest Research. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 7 AR 12608 DI 10.1038/ncomms12608 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DY7BH UT WOS:000385283700001 PM 27646707 ER PT J AU Wang, ZC Monteiro, CD Jagodnik, KM Fernandez, NF Gundersen, GW Rouillard, AD Jenkins, SL Feldmann, AS Hu, KS McDermott, MG Duan, QN Clark, NR Jones, MR Kou, Y Goff, T Woodland, H Amaral, FMR Szeto, GL Fuchs, O Rose, SMSF Sharma, S Schwartz, U Bausela, XB Szymkiewicz, M Maroulis, V Salykin, A Barra, CM Kruth, CD Bongio, NJ Mathur, V Todoric, RD Rubin, UE Malatras, A Fulp, CT Galindo, JA Motiejunaite, R Juschke, C Dishuck, PC Lahl, K Jafari, M Aibar, S Zaravinos, A Steenhuizen, LH Allison, LR Gamallo, P Segura, FD Devlin, TD Perez-Garcia, V Ma'ayan, A AF Wang, Zichen Monteiro, Caroline D. Jagodnik, Kathleen M. Fernandez, Nicolas F. Gundersen, Gregory W. Rouillard, Andrew D. Jenkins, Sherry L. Feldmann, Axel S. Hu, Kevin S. McDermott, Michael G. Duan, Qiaonan Clark, Neil R. Jones, Matthew R. Kou, Yan Goff, Troy Woodland, Holly Amaral, Fabio M. R. Szeto, Gregory L. Fuchs, Oliver Rose, Sophia M. Schussler-Fiorenza Sharma, Shvetank Schwartz, Uwe Bengoetxea Bausela, Xabier Szymkiewicz, Maciej Maroulis, Vasileios Salykin, Anton Barra, Carolina M. Kruth, Candice D. Bongio, Nicholas J. Mathur, Vaibhav Todoric, Radmila D. Rubin, Udi E. Malatras, Apostolos Fulp, Carl T. Galindo, John A. Motiejunaite, Ruta Jueschke, Christoph Dishuck, Philip C. Lahl, Katharina Jafari, Mohieddin Aibar, Sara Zaravinos, Apostolos Steenhuizen, Linda H. Allison, Lindsey R. Gamallo, Pablo de Andres Segura, Fernando Devlin, Tyler Dae Perez-Garcia, Vicente Ma'ayan, Avi TI Extraction and analysis of signatures from the Gene Expression Omnibus by the crowd SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL MUSCULAR-DYSTROPHY; ENDOMETRIAL CANCER-RISK; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; DATABASE; DISEASE; DISCOVERY; INSULIN; GROWTH AB Gene expression data are accumulating exponentially in public repositories. Reanalysis and integration of themed collections from these studies may provide new insights, but requires further human curation. Here we report a crowdsourcing project to annotate and reanalyse a large number of gene expression profiles from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Through a massive open online course on Coursera, over 70 participants from over 25 countries identify and annotate 2,460 single-gene perturbation signatures, 839 disease versus normal signatures, and 906 drug perturbation signatures. All these signatures are unique and are manually validated for quality. Global analysis of these signatures confirms known associations and identifies novel associations between genes, diseases and drugs. The manually curated signatures are used as a training set to develop classifiers for extracting similar signatures from the entire GEO repository. We develop a web portal to serve these signatures for query, download and visualization. C1 [Wang, Zichen; Monteiro, Caroline D.; Jagodnik, Kathleen M.; Fernandez, Nicolas F.; Gundersen, Gregory W.; Rouillard, Andrew D.; Jenkins, Sherry L.; Feldmann, Axel S.; Hu, Kevin S.; McDermott, Michael G.; Duan, Qiaonan; Clark, Neil R.; Jones, Matthew R.; Kou, Yan; Goff, Troy; Ma'ayan, Avi] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Pharmacol Sci, LINCS Data Coordinat & Integrat Ctr BD2K, Illuminating Druggable Genome Knowledge Managemen, One Gustave L Levy Pl Box 1215, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Jagodnik, Kathleen M.] NASA, Fluid Phys & Transport Processes Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Jagodnik, Kathleen M.] Baylor Coll Med, Ctr Space Med, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Woodland, Holly] Daylesford, Weybridge KT13 0RZ, Surrey, England. [Amaral, Fabio M. R.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Biosci, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leics, England. [Szeto, Gregory L.] MIT, Dept Biol Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Szeto, Gregory L.] MIT, David H Koch Inst Integrat Canc Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Szeto, Gregory L.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Szeto, Gregory L.] MIT, Ragon Inst MGH, 400 Technol Sq, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Szeto, Gregory L.] Harvard, 400 Technol Sq, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Fuchs, Oliver] Univ Munich, German Ctr Lung Res DZL, Dr von Hauner Univ Childrens Hosp, Paediat Allergol & Pulmonol, Lindwurmstr 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany. [Rose, Sophia M. Schussler-Fiorenza] Veteran Affairs Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Spinal Cord Injury Serv, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Rose, Sophia M. Schussler-Fiorenza] Stanford Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Stanford, CA 94304 USA. [Sharma, Shvetank] Inst Liver & Biliary Sci, Dept Res, D1 Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India. [Schwartz, Uwe] Univ Regensburg, Dept Biochem 3, Univ Str 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. [Bengoetxea Bausela, Xabier] Univ Navarra, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain. [Szymkiewicz, Maciej] Polish Acad Sci, Warsaw Sch Informat Technol Auspices, 6 Newelska St, PL-01447 Warsaw, Poland. [Maroulis, Vasileios] Plomariou 1 St, Athens 15126, Greece. [Salykin, Anton] Masaryk Univ, Fac Med, Dept Biol, Brno 62500, Czech Republic. [Barra, Carolina M.] Hosp del Mar, IMIM, PRBB Barcelona, Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Kruth, Candice D.] 85 Hailey Ln,Apt C-11, Strasburg, VA 22657 USA. [Bongio, Nicholas J.] Shenandoah Univ, Dept Biol, 1460 Univ Dr Winchester, Winchester, VA 22601 USA. [Mathur, Vaibhav] IBM India Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru 560045, India. [Todoric, Radmila D.] Dr Aleksandra Sijacica 20, Backa Topola 24300, Serbia. [Rubin, Udi E.] Columbia Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 600 Fairchild Ctr,Mail Code 2402, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Malatras, Apostolos] Univ Paris 04, Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS975, Ctr Res Myol,CNRS FRE3617, 47 Blvd Hop, F-75013 Paris, France. [Fulp, Carl T.] 13-1,Higashi 4 Chome Shibuya Ku, Tokyo 1500011, Japan. [Galindo, John A.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Biol, Cr 30 45-08, Bogota, Colombia. [Galindo, John A.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Inst Genet, Cr 30 45-08, Bogota, Colombia. [Motiejunaite, Ruta] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Interdisciplinary Cardiovasc Sci, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jueschke, Christoph] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Human Genet, Ammerlander Heerstr 114-118, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany. [Dishuck, Philip C.] 2312 40th ST NW 2, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Lahl, Katharina] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Vet Inst, Bulowsvej 27 Bldg 2-3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark. [Jafari, Mohieddin] Pasteur Inst Iran, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Prot Chem & Prote Unit, 358,12th Farwardin Ave,Jomhhoori St, Tehran 13164, Iran. [Jafari, Mohieddin] Inst Res Fundamental Sci, Sch Biol Sci, Niavaran Sq,POB, Tehran 193955746, Iran. [Aibar, Sara] Univ Salamanca, Madrid 37008, Spain. [Zaravinos, Apostolos] Karolinska Inst, Dept Lab Med, Div Clin Immunol, Alfred Nobels Alle 8,Level 7, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden. [Zaravinos, Apostolos] European Univ Cyprus, Sch Sci, Dept Life Sci, 6 Diogenes Str Engomi,POB 22006, CY-1516 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Steenhuizen, Linda H.] Anna Blamansingel 216, NL-102 SW Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Allison, Lindsey R.] 7300 Brompton 6024, Houston, TX 77025 USA. [Gamallo, Pablo] Aligustre 30 1-C, Madrid 28039, Spain. [de Andres Segura, Fernando] Extremadura Univ Hosp, Clin Res Ctr, CICAB, Elvas Av,S-N 06006, Badajoz 06006, Spain. [Devlin, Tyler Dae] 69 Brown St,Box 8278, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Perez-Garcia, Vicente] CSIC, Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, Dept Immunol & Oncol, C-Darwin 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Ma'ayan, A (reprint author), Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Pharmacol Sci, LINCS Data Coordinat & Integrat Ctr BD2K, Illuminating Druggable Genome Knowledge Managemen, One Gustave L Levy Pl Box 1215, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM avi.maayan@mssm.edu OI Wang, Zichen/0000-0002-1415-1286; Szymkiewicz, Maciej/0000-0003-1469-9396; Schussler-Fiorenza Rose, Sophia Miryam/0000-0002-6311-6671; De Andres, Fernando/0000-0003-1076-0743 FU NIH [R01GM098316, U54HL127624, U54CA189201] FX This work is supported by NIH grants: R01GM098316, U54HL127624 and U54CA189201 to A.M. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 7 AR 12846 DI 10.1038/ncomms12846 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DY8FA UT WOS:000385363000014 PM 27667448 ER PT J AU Kassemi, M Thompson, D AF Kassemi, Mohammad Thompson, David TI Prediction of renal crystalline size distributions in space using a PBE analytic model. 1. Effect of microgravity-induced biochemical alterations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nephrolithiasis; gravity; weightlessness; crystal nucleation; crystal growth; agglomeration ID URINARY STONE FORMATION; CALCIUM-OXALATE; RISK-FACTORS; GROWTH; DISEASE; AGGLOMERATION; INHIBITION; ASTRONAUTS; KINETICS; KIDNEY AB An analytical Population Balance Equation model is developed and used to assess the risk of critical renal stone formation for astronauts during future space missions. The model uses the renal biochemical profile of the subject as input and predicts the steady-state size distribution of the nucleating, growing, and agglomerating calcium oxalate crystals during their transit through the kidney. The model is verified through comparison with published results of several crystallization experiments. Numerical results indicate that the model is successful in clearly distinguishing between 1-G normal and 1-G recurrent stone-former subjects based solely on their published 24-h urine biochemical profiles. Numerical case studies further show that the predicted renal calculi size distribution for a microgravity astronaut is closer to that of a recurrent stone former on Earth rather than to a normal subject in 1 G. This interestingly implies that the increase in renal stone risk level in microgravity is relatively more significant for a normal person than a stone former. However, numerical predictions still underscore that the stone-former subject carries by far the highest absolute risk of critical stone formation during space travel. C1 [Kassemi, Mohammad; Thompson, David] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, 21000 Brookpark Rd,MS 110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Kassemi, M (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, 21000 Brookpark Rd,MS 110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Mohammad.Kassemi@nasa.gov FU Exploration Medical Capabilities Element of NASA's Human Research FX We gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Exploration Medical Capabilities Element of NASA's Human Research. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1931-857X EI 1522-1466 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-RENAL JI Am. J. Physiol.-Renal Physiol. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 311 IS 3 BP F520 EP F530 DI 10.1152/ajprenal.00401.2015 PG 11 WC Physiology; Urology & Nephrology SC Physiology; Urology & Nephrology GA DY3FZ UT WOS:000384977500004 PM 27279490 ER PT J AU Kassemi, M Thompson, D AF Kassemi, Mohammad Thompson, David TI Prediction of renal crystalline size distributions in space using a PBE analytic model. 2. Effect of dietary countermeasures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nephrolithiasis; gravity; weightlessness; crystal nucleation; crystal growth; agglomeration; inhibition; dietary countermeasures ID OXALATE MONOHYDRATE CRYSTALLIZATION; POTASSIUM-MAGNESIUM CITRATE; CALCIUM-OXALATE; STONE FORMATION; DIHYDRATE CRYSTALLIZATION; BED REST; INHIBITION; GROWTH; URINE; FLIGHT AB An analytic Population Balance Equation model is used to assess the efficacy of citrate, pyrophosphate, and augmented fluid intake as dietary countermeasures aimed at reducing the risk of renal stone formation for astronauts. The model uses the measured biochemical profile of the astronauts as input and predicts the steady-state size distribution of the nucleating, growing, and agglomerating renal calculi subject to biochemical changes brought about by administration of these dietary countermeasures. Numerical predictions indicate that an increase in citrate levels beyond its average normal ground-based urinary values is beneficial but only to a limited extent. Unfortunately, results also indicate that any decline in the citrate levels during space travel below its normal urinary values on Earth can easily move the astronaut into the stone-forming risk category. Pyrophosphate is found to be an effective inhibitor since numerical predictions indicate that even at quite small urinary concentrations, it has the potential of shifting the maximum crystal aggregate size to a much smaller and plausibly safer range. Finally, our numerical results predict a decline in urinary volume below 1.5 liters/day can act as a dangerous promoter of renal stone development in microgravity while urinary volume levels of 2.5-3 liters/day can serve as effective space countermeasures. C1 [Kassemi, Mohammad; Thompson, David] NASA, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Kassemi, M (reprint author), NASA, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Mohammad.Kassemi@nasa.gov FU Exploration Medical Capabilities Element of NASA's Human Research Project FX We gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Exploration Medical Capabilities Element of NASA's Human Research Project. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1931-857X EI 1522-1466 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-RENAL JI Am. J. Physiol.-Renal Physiol. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 311 IS 3 BP F531 EP F538 DI 10.1152/ajprenal.00402.2015 PG 8 WC Physiology; Urology & Nephrology SC Physiology; Urology & Nephrology GA DY3FZ UT WOS:000384977500005 PM 27279491 ER PT J AU Mukai, K Luna, GJM Cusumano, G Segreto, A Munari, U Sokoloski, JL Lucy, AB Nelson, T Nunez, NE AF Mukai, K. Luna, G. J. M. Cusumano, G. Segreto, A. Munari, U. Sokoloski, J. L. Lucy, A. B. Nelson, T. Nunez, N. E. TI SU Lyncis, a hard X-ray bright M giant: clues point to a large hidden population of symbiotic stars SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries: symbiotic; stars: individual: SU Lyn; X-rays: binaries ID SWIFT-BAT; T CRB; HIPPARCOS; EVOLUTION; OUTBURST; CATALOG; BINARY; NOVAE AB Symbiotic star surveys have traditionally relied almost exclusively on low resolution optical spectroscopy. However, we can obtain a more reliable estimate of their total Galactic population by using all available signatures of the symbiotic phenomenon. Here we report the discovery of a hard X-ray source, 4PBC J0642.9+5528, in the Swift hard X-ray all-sky survey, and identify it with a poorly studied red giant, SU Lyn, using pointed Swift observations and ground-based optical spectroscopy. The X-ray spectrum, the optical to UV spectrum, and the rapid UV variability of SU Lyn are all consistent with our interpretation that it is a symbiotic star containing an accreting white dwarf. The symbiotic nature of SU Lyn went unnoticed until now, because it does not exhibit emission lines strong enough to be obvious in low resolution spectra. We argue that symbiotic stars without shell-burning have weak emission lines, and that the current lists of symbiotic stars are biased in favour of shell-burning systems. We conclude that the true population of symbiotic stars has been underestimated, potentially by a large factor. C1 [Mukai, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mukai, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mukai, K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Luna, G. J. M.] UBA, CONICET, IAFE, Ave Inte Guiraldes 2620,C1428ZAA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Cusumano, G.; Segreto, A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Via U La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [Munari, U.] INAF Astron Observ Padova, I-36012 Asiago, VI, Italy. [Sokoloski, J. L.; Lucy, A. B.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Nelson, T.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, 3941 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Nunez, N. E.] UNSJ, ICATE, CONICET, Ave Espana S E-1512,J5402 DSP, San Juan, Argentina. RP Mukai, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Mukai, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Mukai, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM Koji.Mukai@nasa.gov FU NASA ADAP grant [NNX15AF19G]; [ANPCYT-PICT 0478/14] FX We thank Neil Gehrels, the PI of the Swift mission, for a generous allocation of TOO time. GJML and NEN are members of the 'Carrera del Investigador Cientifico (CIC)' of CONICET and acknowledge support from Argentina under grant ANPCYT-PICT 0478/14. JLS and ABL acknowledge support from NASA ADAP grant NNX15AF19G. JLS thanks Scott Kenyon for conversations (a decade ago) about shell burning and selection bias. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 461 IS 1 BP L1 EP L5 DI 10.1093/mnrasl/slw087 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DV9OE UT WOS:000383269900001 ER PT J AU Fierce, L Bond, TC Bauer, SE Mena, F Riemer, N AF Fierce, Laura Bond, Tami C. Bauer, Susanne E. Mena, Francisco Riemer, Nicole TI Black carbon absorption at the global scale is affected by particle-scale diversity in composition SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MIXING STATE; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BROWN CARBON; AEROSOL; SOOT; MODEL; CLIMATE; AMPLIFICATION AB Atmospheric black carbon (BC) exerts a strong, but uncertain, warming effect on the climate. BC that is coated with non-absorbing material absorbs more strongly than the same amount of BC in an uncoated particle, but the magnitude of this absorption enhancement (E-abs) is not well constrained. Modelling studies and laboratory measurements have found stronger absorption enhancement than has been observed in the atmosphere. Here, using a particle-resolved aerosol model to simulate diverse BC populations, we show that absorption is overestimated by as much as a factor of two if diversity is neglected and population-averaged composition is assumed across all BC-containing particles. If, instead, composition diversity is resolved, we find E-abs=1-1.5 at low relative humidity, consistent with ambient observations. This study offers not only an explanation for the discrepancy between modelled and observed absorption enhancement, but also demonstrates how particle-scale simulations can be used to develop relationships for global-scale models. C1 [Fierce, Laura] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm & Climate Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Fierce, Laura] Univ Corp Atmospheric Res, Visiting Scientists Program, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bond, Tami C.; Mena, Francisco] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bauer, Susanne E.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Bauer, Susanne E.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Riemer, Nicole] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Fierce, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm & Climate Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA.; Fierce, L (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospheric Res, Visiting Scientists Program, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM lfierce@bnl.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency [R83504201]; NASA [NNX09AK66G]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64533]; Fulbright-Chile CONICYT fellowship; NOAA Climate & Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship through the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Visiting Scientists Program FX This work was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency (R83504201) and by NASA (NNX09AK66G). F. Mena was funded by the Department of Energy under DE-FG02-08ER64533 and by a Fulbright-Chile CONICYT fellowship. L. Fierce is funded by a NOAA Climate & Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship through the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Visiting Scientists Program. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 28 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 7 AR 12361 DI 10.1038/ncomms12361 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DY3CG UT WOS:000384967800001 PM 27580627 ER PT J AU Thiery, W Davin, EL Seneviratne, SI Bedka, K Lhermitte, S van Lipzig, NPM AF Thiery, Wim Davin, Edouard L. Seneviratne, Sonia I. Bedka, Kristopher Lhermitte, Stef van Lipzig, Nicole P. M. TI Hazardous thunderstorm intensification over Lake Victoria SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; AFRICAN GREAT-LAKES; EAST-AFRICA; PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; RESOLUTION MODEL; TEMPERATURE; IMPACT; BASIN; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS AB Weather extremes have harmful impacts on communities around Lake Victoria, where thousands of fishermen die every year because of intense night-time thunderstorms. Yet how these thunderstorms will evolve in a future warmer climate is still unknown. Here we show that Lake Victoria is projected to be a hotspot of future extreme precipitation intensification by using new satellite-based observations, a high-resolution climate projection for the African Great Lakes and coarser-scale ensemble projections. Land precipitation on the previous day exerts a control on night-time occurrence of extremes on the lake by enhancing atmospheric convergence (74%) and moisture availability (26%). The future increase in extremes over Lake Victoria is about twice as large relative to surrounding land under a high-emission scenario, as only over-lake moisture advection is high enough to sustain Clausius-Clapeyron scaling. Our results highlight a major hazard associated with climate change over East Africa and underline the need for high-resolution projections to assess local climate change. C1 [Thiery, Wim; Lhermitte, Stef; van Lipzig, Nicole P. M.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. [Thiery, Wim; Davin, Edouard L.; Seneviratne, Sonia I.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bedka, Kristopher] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, 21 Langley Blvd, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Lhermitte, Stef] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Geosci & Remote Sensing, Stevinweg 1, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. RP Thiery, W (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.; Thiery, W (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM wim.thiery@env.ethz.ch RI Davin, Edouard/L-7033-2016 OI Davin, Edouard/0000-0003-3322-9330 FU Research Foundation Flanders (FWO); ETH Zurich [Fel-45 15-1]; FWO; Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) [CD/AR/02A]; Hercules Foundation; Flemish Government-department EWI FX We acknowledge the CLM community (http://www.clm-community.eu) for developing COSMO-CLM2 and making the model code available, and Hans-Jurgen Panitz for providing the lateral boundary conditions. In addition, we are grateful to the World Climate Research Programme (WRCP) for initiating and coordinating the CORDEX-Africa initiative, to the modelling centres for making their downscaling results publicly available through ESGF, to ECMWF for providing access to ERA-Interim, and to NASA and JAXA for developing the TRMM-3B42 data set. We particularly thank Fabien Chatterjee, Matthias Demuzere, David Docquier, Niels Souverijns and Kristof Van Tricht for their useful suggestions. W.T. was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) and an ETH Zurich postdoctoral fellowship (Fel-45 15-1). S.L. was supported by an FWO postdoctoral fellowship. The Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) is acknowledged for the support through the research project EAGLES (CD/AR/02A). Computational resources and services used for the COSMO-CLM2 simulation were provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Hercules Foundation and the Flemish Government-department EWI. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 7 AR 12786 DI 10.1038/ncomms12786 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DY6RU UT WOS:000385256500016 PM 27658848 ER PT J AU Donnelly, M AF Donnelly, Michael TI You can't sit in an office and issue edicts via email. You need to go where the work is being performed SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Donnelly, Michael] NASA, OSIRIS REx, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Donnelly, M (reprint author), NASA, OSIRIS REx, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 54 IS 8 BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DX9TN UT WOS:000384738200015 ER PT J AU Han, JW Wong, HY Moon, DI Braga, N Meyyappan, M AF Han, Jin-Woo Wong, Hiu Yung Moon, Dong-Il Braga, Nelson Meyyappan, M. TI Stringer Gate FinFET on Bulk Substrate SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE FinFET; low standby power; steep retrograde well; stringer gate; sub-fin leakage ID SUBTHRESHOLD LOGIC; DEVICE DESIGN; SOI MOSFETS; OPTIMIZATION; TRANSISTORS; OPERATION; MOBILITY AB A gate stringer normally considered parasitic is used as a subthreshold leakage suppressor in a bulk FinFET. The gate stringer remaining along the source/drain extension suppresses the formation of a sub-fin leakage path and improves the subthreshold slope. The stringer gate structure is implemented by simple process modification in the gate etch step while the other process steps are unchanged. The fabricated stringer gate FinFET shows 35% reduction in the OFF-state leakage current compared with a conventional FinFET without a retrograde well process at the expense of only 5% increase in parasitic capacitance. The power-delay product enhancement at reduced drive voltage characteristics exhibits that the stringer gate FinFET can be an attractive candidate for low standby power and subthreshold logic applications. C1 [Han, Jin-Woo; Moon, Dong-Il; Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Wong, Hiu Yung; Braga, Nelson] Synopsys Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Han, JW (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jin-woo.han@nasa.gov; hywong@synopsys.com; dong-il.moon@nasa.gov; nelson.braga@synopsys.com; m.meyyappan@nasa.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD SEP PY 2016 VL 63 IS 9 BP 3432 EP 3438 DI 10.1109/TED.2016.2586607 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA DX7NK UT WOS:000384574400009 ER PT J AU Singh, D Swain, DL Mankin, JS Horton, DE Thomas, LN Rajaratnam, B Diffenbaugh, NS AF Singh, Deepti Swain, Daniel L. Mankin, Justin S. Horton, Daniel E. Thomas, Leif N. Rajaratnam, Bala Diffenbaugh, Noah S. TI Recent amplification of the North American winter temperature dipole SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE climate change detection; climate change impacts; extreme event attribution; atmospheric dynamics ID ARCTIC SEA-ICE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; INTERNAL VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA DROUGHT; CLIMATE; TRENDS; SNOW; PATTERNS; EXTREMES; WEATHER AB During the winters of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, anomalously warm temperatures in western North America and anomalously cool temperatures in eastern North America resulted in substantial human and environmental impacts. Motivated by the impacts of these concurrent temperature extremes and the intrinsic atmospheric linkage between weather conditions in the western and eastern United States, we investigate the occurrence of concurrent warm-West/cool-East surface temperature anomalies, which we call the North American winter temperature dipole. We find that, historically, warm-West/cool-East dipole conditions have been associated with anomalous mid-tropospheric ridging over western North America and downstream troughing over eastern North America. We also find that the occurrence and severity of warm-West/cool-East events have increased significantly between 1980 and 2015, driven largely by an increase in the frequency with which high-amplitude ridge-trough wave patterns result in simultaneous severe temperature conditions in both the West and East. Using a large single-model ensemble of climate simulations, we show that the observed positive trend in the warm-West/cool-East events is attributable to historical anthropogenic emissions including greenhouse gases, but that the co-occurrence of extreme western warmth and eastern cold will likely decrease in the future as winter temperatures warm dramatically across the continent, thereby reducing the occurrence of severely cold conditions in the East. Although our analysis is focused on one particular region, our analysis framework is generally transferable to the physical conditions shaping different types of extreme events around the globe. C1 [Singh, Deepti; Swain, Daniel L.; Horton, Daniel E.; Thomas, Leif N.; Rajaratnam, Bala; Diffenbaugh, Noah S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Singh, Deepti; Mankin, Justin S.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Mankin, Justin S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Horton, Daniel E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL USA. [Horton, Daniel E.; Diffenbaugh, Noah S.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Rajaratnam, Bala] Stanford Univ, Dept Stat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Singh, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.; Singh, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. EM dsingh@ldeo.columbia.edu OI Swain, Daniel/0000-0003-4276-3092 FU Lamont Doherty Postdoctoral Fellowship; Switzer Foundation; ARCS Foundation; Earth Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship; US National Science Foundation [DMS-CMG 1025465, AGS-1003823, DMS-1106642, DMS-CAREER-1352656]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-13-1-0043]; NSF AGS CAREER [0955283]; DOE Integrated Assessment Research Program [DE-SC005171] FX We thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's NCDC for access to historical temperature and geopotential height data sets, PRISM Climate Group and University of Idaho for access to historical temperature data sets, and NCAR for access to the CESM LENS simulations. We also thank Nathaniel Johnson for providing us the Self-Organizing Maps algorithm. Our work is supported by the Lamont Doherty Postdoctoral Fellowship to D.S.; graduate fellowships from the Switzer Foundation and the ARCS Foundation to D.L.S.; Earth Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship to J.S.M.; US National Science Foundation grants DMS-CMG 1025465, AGS-1003823, DMS-1106642, and DMS-CAREER-1352656; and U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant award FA9550-13-1-0043 to B.R.; and NSF AGS CAREER grant 0955283 and DOE Integrated Assessment Research Program grant DE-SC005171 to N.S.D. Gridded 2 m temperatures, geopotential heights, meridional winds, and omega from the NCEP R1 and 2 m temperatures from the NCEP North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) are available at the NOAA ESRL website (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/). Gridded temperatures from PRISM Climate Group and University of Idaho Metdata data sets are available at their respective websites (http://www.prism.oregonstate.edu/ and http://metdata.northwestknowledge.net/). All analysis scripts used in this study can be obtained by contacting Deepti Singh (dsingh@ldeo.columbia.edu). NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 17 BP 9911 EP 9928 DI 10.1002/2016JD025116 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DY0YV UT WOS:000384823000024 PM 27840780 ER PT J AU Payne, RC Britt, AV Chen, H Kasting, JF Catling, DC AF Payne, Rebecca C. Britt, Amber V. Chen, Howard Kasting, James F. Catling, David C. TI The response of Phanerozoic surface temperature to variations in atmospheric oxygen concentration SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE atmospheric O-2 levels; surface temperature; Phanerozoic climate; Cenomanian climate ID MODEL; EVOLUTION; RECORD; EARTH; TIME; O-2; CO2 AB Recently, Poulsen et al. (2015) suggested that O-2 has played a major role in climate forcing during the Phanerozoic. Specifically, they argued that decreased O-2 levels during the Cenomanian stage of the middle Cretaceous (94-100Ma) could help explain the extremely warm climate during that time. The postulated warming mechanism involves decreased Rayleigh scattering by a thinner atmosphere, which reduces the planetary albedo and allows greater surface warming. This warming effect is then amplified by cloud feedbacks within their 3-D climate model. This increase in shortwave surface forcing, in their calculations, exceeds any decrease in the greenhouse effect caused by decreased O-2. Here we use a 1-D radiative-convective climate model (with no cloud feedback) to check their results. We also include a self-consistent calculation of the change in atmospheric ozone and its effect on climate. Our results are opposite to those of Poulsen et al.: we find that the climate warms by 1.4K at 35% O-2 concentrations as a result of increased pressure broadening of CO2 and H2O absorption lines and cools by 0.8K at 10% O-2 as a result of decreased pressure broadening. The surface temperature changes are only about 1K either way, though, for reasonable variations in Phanerozoic O-2 concentrations (10%-35% by volume). Hence, it seems unlikely that changes in atmospheric O-2 account for the warm climate of the Cenomanian. Other factors, such as a higher-than-expected sensitivity of climate to increased CO2 concentrations, may be required to obtain agreement with the paleoclimate data. C1 [Payne, Rebecca C.; Britt, Amber V.; Kasting, James F.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. [Chen, Howard] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL USA. [Kasting, James F.] Penn State Astrobiol Res Ctr, University Pk, PA USA. [Kasting, James F.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kasting, James F.; Catling, David C.] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Virtual Planetary Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Catling, David C.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA USA. RP Payne, RC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. EM rvp5143@psu.edu FU Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP) at Boston University; NASA's Exobiology and Astrobiology programs FX We are grateful to Jing-Jun Liu for his help with the photochemical analysis. H. C. thanks the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP) at Boston University for primarily funding the research while in residence at Penn State University in State College in the summer of 2015. J.F.K. acknowledge financial support from NASA's Exobiology and Astrobiology programs. Data can be obtained from R.C. Payne (rvp5143@psu.edu). NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 17 BP 10089 EP 10096 DI 10.1002/2016JD025459 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DY0YV UT WOS:000384823000022 ER PT J AU Dong, XQ Xi, BK Qiu, SY Minnis, P Sun-Mack, S Rose, F AF Dong, Xiquan Xi, Baike Qiu, Shaoyue Minnis, Patrick Sun-Mack, Sunny Rose, Fred TI A radiation closure study of Arctic stratus cloud microphysical properties using the collocated satellite-surface data and Fu-Liou radiative transfer model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Arctic stratus cloud properties; radiation closure study; surface remote sensing; satellite remote sensing ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; FLUX CALCULATION; TERRA SATELLITE; PART I; CERES; BUDGET; RADAR AB Retrievals of cloud microphysical properties based on passive satellite imagery are especially difficult over snow-covered surfaces because of the bright and cold surface. To help quantify their uncertainties, single-layered overcast liquid-phase Arctic stratus cloud microphysical properties retrieved by using the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Edition 2 and Edition 4 (CERES Ed2 and Ed4) algorithms are compared with ground-based retrievals at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement North Slope of Alaska (ARM NSA) site at Barrow, AK, during the period from March 2000 to December 2006. A total of 206 and 140 snow-free cases (R(sfc)0.3), and 108 and 106 snow cases (R-sfc>0.3), respectively, were selected from Terra and Aqua satellite passes over the ARM NSA site. The CERES Ed4 and Ed2 optical depth () and liquid water path (LWP) retrievals from both Terra and Aqua are almost identical and have excellent agreement with ARM retrievals under snow-free and snow conditions. In order to reach a radiation closure study for both the surface and top of atmosphere (TOA) radiation budgets, the ARM precision spectral pyranometer-measured surface albedos were adjusted (63.6% and 80% of the ARM surface albedos for snow-free and snow cases, respectively) to account for the water and land components of the domain of 30kmx30km. Most of the radiative transfer model calculated SWsfc and SWTOA fluxes by using ARM and CERES cloud retrievals and the domain mean albedos as input agree with the ARM and CERES flux observations within 10Wm(-2) for both snow-free and snow conditions. Sensitivity studies show that the ARM LWP and r(e) retrievals are less dependent on solar zenith angle (SZA), but all retrieved optical depths increase with SZA. C1 [Dong, Xiquan; Xi, Baike; Qiu, Shaoyue] Univ North Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Minnis, Patrick] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Sun-Mack, Sunny; Rose, Fred] SSAI Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Dong, XQ (reprint author), Univ North Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM dong@aero.und.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Research, Office of Health and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division; NASA CERES project at the University of North Dakota [NNX14AP84G]; DOE ARM Program at NASA Langley [DE-SC0013896] FX The ground-based measurements were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Research, Office of Health and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division. The data can be downloaded from http://www.archive.arm.gov/. The satellite data were obtained from the NASA CERES cloud working group at NASA Langley Research Center. Special thanks to Seiji Kato for the useful discussion about NASA Langley Modified Fu-Liou radiative transfer model. This research was supported by the NASA CERES project under grant NNX14AP84G at the University of North Dakota and by the DOE ARM Program under contract DE-SC0013896 at NASA Langley. Dates and times corresponding to the sample numbers used in several figures are available from the lead author on request (dong@aero.und.edu). NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 17 BP 10175 EP 10198 DI 10.1002/2016JD025255 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DY0YV UT WOS:000384823000018 ER PT J AU Saide, PE Thompson, G Eidhammer, T da Silva, AM Pierce, RB Carmichael, GR AF Saide, Pablo E. Thompson, Gregory Eidhammer, Trude da Silva, Arlindo M. Pierce, R. Bradley Carmichael, Gregory R. TI Assessment of biomass burning smoke influence on environmental conditions for multiyear tornado outbreaks by combining aerosol-aware microphysics and fire emission constraints SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE biomass burning; severe weather; tornadoes; fires; aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions; WRF ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WEATHER FORECASTS; OPTICAL DEPTH; WRF-CHEM; MODEL; IMPACTS; CLIMATE; PARAMETERIZATION; ASSIMILATION AB We use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) system to study the impacts of biomass burning smoke from Central America on several tornado outbreaks occurring in the U.S. during spring. The model is configured with an aerosol-aware microphysics parameterization capable of resolving aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions in a cost-efficient way for numerical weather prediction (NWP) applications. Primary aerosol emissions are included, and smoke emissions are constrained using an inverse modeling technique and satellite-based aerosol optical depth observations. Simulations turning on and off fire emissions reveal smoke presence in all tornado outbreaks being studied and show an increase in aerosol number concentrations due to smoke. However, the likelihood of occurrence and intensification of tornadoes is higher due to smoke only in cases where cloud droplet number concentration in low-level clouds increases considerably in a way that modifies the environmental conditions where the tornadoes are formed (shallower cloud bases and higher low-level wind shear). Smoke absorption and vertical extent also play a role, with smoke absorption at cloud-level tending to burn-off clouds and smoke absorption above clouds resulting in an increased capping inversion. Comparing these and WRF-Chem simulations configured with a more complex representation of aerosol size and composition and different optical properties, microphysics, and activation schemes, we find similarities in terms of the simulated aerosol optical depths and aerosol impacts on near-storm environments. This provides reliability on the aerosol-aware microphysics scheme as a less computationally expensive alternative to WRF-Chem for its use in applications such as NWP and cloud-resolving simulations. C1 [Saide, Pablo E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Adv Study Program, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Saide, Pablo E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Thompson, Gregory; Eidhammer, Trude] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [da Silva, Arlindo M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Data Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, Satellite & Informat Serv NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Madison, WI USA. [Carmichael, Gregory R.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Saide, PE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Adv Study Program, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.; Saide, PE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM saide@ucar.edu RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643 FU National Science Foundation FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation. Contact P.E. Saide (saide@ucar.edu) for data and code requests. This work was carried out with the aid of NASA grant NNXAF95G. A.M. da Silva is funded by NASA's Modeling and Application Program. We acknowledge use of MOZART-4 global model output available at http://www.acom.ucar.edu/wrf-chem/mozart.shtml. CALIPSO data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center (https://earthdata.nasa.gov/). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 17 BP 10294 EP 10311 DI 10.1002/2016JD025056 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DY0YV UT WOS:000384823000014 ER PT J AU Sullivan, JT Mcgee, TJ Langford, AO Alvarez, RJ Senff, CJ Reddy, PJ Thompson, AM Twigg, LW Sumnicht, GK Lee, P Weinheimer, A Knote, C Long, RW Hoff, RM AF Sullivan, John T. McGee, Thomas J. Langford, Andrew O. Alvarez, Raul J., II Senff, Christoph J. Reddy, Patrick J. Thompson, Anne M. Twigg, Laurence W. Sumnicht, Grant K. Lee, Pius Weinheimer, Andrew Knote, Christoph Long, Russell W. Hoff, Raymond M. TI Quantifying the contribution of thermally driven recirculation to a high-ozone event along the Colorado Front Range using lidar SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone; air quality; remote sensing; lidar; air quality modeling; TOLNet ID REGIONAL-SCALE FLOWS; MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB A high-ozone (O-3) pollution episode was observed on 22 July 2014 during the concurrent Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) and Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment (FRAPPE) campaigns in northern Colorado. Surface O-3 monitors at three regulatory sites exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2008 National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) daily maximum 8h average (MDA8) of 75ppbv. To further characterize the polluted air mass and assess transport throughout the event, measurements are presented from O-3 and wind profilers, O-3-sondes, aircraft, and surface-monitoring sites. Observations indicate that thermally driven upslope flow was established throughout the Colorado Front Range during the pollution episode. As the thermally driven flow persisted throughout the day, O-3 concentrations increased and affected high-elevation Rocky Mountain sites. These observations, coupled with modeling analyses, demonstrate a westerly return flow of polluted air aloft, indicating that the mountain-plains solenoid circulation was established and impacted surface conditions within the Front Range. C1 [Sullivan, John T.; McGee, Thomas J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Langford, Andrew O.; Alvarez, Raul J., II; Senff, Christoph J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Senff, Christoph J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Reddy, Patrick J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Thompson, Anne M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Twigg, Laurence W.; Sumnicht, Grant K.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Lee, Pius] NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Weinheimer, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Knote, Christoph] Univ Munich, Meteorol Inst, Munich, Germany. [Long, Russell W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hoff, Raymond M.] Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hoff, Raymond M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher Phys, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Sullivan, JT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM john.t.sullivan@nasa.gov RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; FU UMBC/JCET [374, 8306]; Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) [U00P4400079]; NOAA-CREST CCNY Foundation [49173B-02]; NASA/USRA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA DISCOVER-AQ [NNX10AR39G]; Pennsylvania State University; NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program; Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) FX Unless otherwise noted, all data used in this study can be found in the DISCOVER-AQ data archive (http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/discover-aq/), the FRAPPE data archive (http://catalog.eol.ucar.edu/frappe), or the TOLNet data archive (http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/TOLNet/). This work was supported by UMBC/JCET (task 374, project 8306), the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE, contract U00P4400079), and NOAA-CREST CCNY Foundation (subcontract 49173B-02). This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA/USRA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center. The Platteville Nittany Atmospheric Trailer and Integrated Validation Experiment (NATIVE) operations were sponsored by NASA DISCOVER-AQ grant NNX10AR39G and the Pennsylvania State University. The authors gratefully acknowledge support provided by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program and the Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet). Thanks to the helpfulness and expertise of Ryan Stauffer, Hannah Halliday, and Nikolai Balashov, who worked with the NATIVE trailer at Platteville. Thanks to Debra Wicks Kollonige for providing her insight and recommendations on this work. Thanks to Kenneth Pickering, Yonhua Tang, Li Pan, and Barry Baker for their expertise in evaluating and managing the CMAQ model output. Thanks to Timothy Coleman (NOAA ESRL PSD) for providing the Greeley wind profiles. Thanks to the NOAA Physical Science Division for their continued efforts in managing the instrumentation and site coordination necessary for this work from the 300 m BAO Tower. Finally, thanks to the CDPHE for the continued efforts to obtain observations at the many remote and urban sites throughout the region used in this work. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 121 IS 17 BP 10377 EP 10390 DI 10.1002/2016JD025229 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DY0YV UT WOS:000384823000008 ER PT J AU Bokhorst, S Pedersen, SH Brucker, L Anisimov, O Bjerke, JW Brown, RD Ehrich, D Essery, RLH Heilig, A Ingvander, S Johansson, C Johansson, M Jonsdottir, IS Inga, N Luojus, K Macelloni, G Mariash, H McLennan, D Rosqvist, GN Sato, A Savela, H Schneebeli, M Sokolov, A Sokratov, SA Terzago, S Vikhamar-Schuler, D Williamson, S Qiu, YB Callaghan, TV AF Bokhorst, Stef Pedersen, Stine Hojlund Brucker, Ludovic Anisimov, Oleg Bjerke, Jarle W. Brown, Ross D. Ehrich, Dorothee Essery, Richard L. H. Heilig, Achim Ingvander, Susanne Johansson, Cecilia Johansson, Margareta Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala Inga, Niila Luojus, Kari Macelloni, Giovanni Mariash, Heather McLennan, Donald Rosqvist, Gunhild Ninis Sato, Atsushi Savela, Hannele Schneebeli, Martin Sokolov, Aleksandr Sokratov, Sergey A. Terzago, Silvia Vikhamar-Schuler, Dagrun Williamson, Scott Qiu, Yubao Callaghan, Terry V. TI Changing Arctic snow cover: A review of recent developments and assessment of future needs for observations, modelling, and impacts SO AMBIO LA English DT Review DE Climate change; Ecosystem services; Human health; Societal costs; Indigenous; Snow ID WINTER WARMING EVENTS; MICROWAVE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; LIGHT-ABSORBING PARTICLES; GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; LIQUID WATER-CONTENT; SEA-ICE; SURFACE-AREA; ALBEDO FEEDBACK; CLIMATE MODELS; INFRARED REFLECTANCE AB Snow is a critically important and rapidly changing feature of the Arctic. However, snow-cover and snowpack conditions change through time pose challenges for measuring and prediction of snow. Plausible scenarios of how Arctic snow cover will respond to changing Arctic climate are important for impact assessments and adaptation strategies. Although much progress has been made in understanding and predicting snow-cover changes and their multiple consequences, many uncertainties remain. In this paper, we review advances in snow monitoring and modelling, and the impact of snow changes on ecosystems and society in Arctic regions. Interdisciplinary activities are required to resolve the current limitations on measuring and modelling snow characteristics through the cold season and at different spatial scales to assure human well-being, economic stability, and improve the ability to predict manage and adapt to natural hazards in the Arctic region. C1 [Bokhorst, Stef; Bjerke, Jarle W.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res NINA, FRAM High North Res Ctr Climate & Environm, POB 6606, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Bokhorst, Stef] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Ecol Sci, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Pedersen, Stine Hojlund] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Arctic Res Ctr, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Brucker, Ludovic] NASA, GSFC, Cryospher Sci Lab, Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brucker, Ludovic] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res Studies & Invest, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Anisimov, Oleg] State Hydrol Inst Roshydromet, 23 Second Line VO, St Petersburg 199053, Russia. [Anisimov, Oleg] North East Fed Univ, Int Ctr Sci & Educ Best, Yakutsk, Russia. [Brown, Ross D.] Environm Canada Ouranos, Div Climate Res, 550 Sherbrooke St West,19th Floor, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B9, Canada. [Ehrich, Dorothee] Univ Tromso, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Essery, Richard L. H.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Heilig, Achim] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Ingvander, Susanne; Rosqvist, Gunhild Ninis] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Johansson, Cecilia] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Villavagen 16, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Johansson, Margareta; Callaghan, Terry V.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Solvegatan 12, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Johansson, Margareta] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, POB 50005, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala] Univ Ctr Svalbard, POB 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. [Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala] Univ Iceland, Fac Life & Environm Sci, Sturlugata 7, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Inga, Niila] Leavas Sami Commun, Box 53, S-98121 Kiruna, Sweden. [Luojus, Kari] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Arctic Res, POB 503, Helsinki 00101, Finland. [Macelloni, Giovanni] CNR, IFAC CNR, Inst Appl Phys Nello Carrara, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy. [Mariash, Heather] Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [McLennan, Donald] CHARS, 360 Albert St,Suite 1710, Ottawa, ON K1R 7X7, Canada. [Rosqvist, Gunhild Ninis] Univ Bergen, Dept Earth Sci, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Sato, Atsushi] Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent, Snow & Ice Res Ctr, 187-16 Suyoshi, Nagaoka, Niigata 9400821, Japan. [Savela, Hannele] Univ Oulu, Thule Insitute, POB 7300, Oulu 90014, Finland. [Schneebeli, Martin] WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, Fluelastr 11, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Sokolov, Aleksandr] Russian Acad Sci, Arctic Res Stn, Inst Plant & Anim Ecol, Ural Branch, Labytnangi 629400, Russia. [Sokolov, Aleksandr] State Org Yamal Nenets Autonomous Dist, Sci Ctr Arctic Studies, Salekhard, Russia. [Sokratov, Sergey A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Arctic Environm Lab, Fac Geog, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Terzago, Silvia] Natl Res Council ISAC CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Corso Fiume 4, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vikhamar-Schuler, Dagrun] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Div Model & Climate Anal, R&D Dept, Postboks 43, N-0313 Oslo, Norway. [Williamson, Scott] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, CW 405,Biol Sci Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Qiu, Yubao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Qiu, Yubao] Cold Reg Initiat, Grp Earth Observat, Geneva, Switzerland. [Callaghan, Terry V.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Callaghan, Terry V.] Natl Res Tomsk Stated Univ, 36 Lenin Ave, Tomsk 634050, Russia. RP Bokhorst, S (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Nat Res NINA, FRAM High North Res Ctr Climate & Environm, POB 6606, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. EM stefbokhorst@hotmail.com; shp@bios.au.dk; ludovic.brucker@nasa.gov; oleg@oa7661.spb.edu; jarle.werner.bjerke@nina.no; ross.brown@ec.gc.ca; dorothee.ehrich@uit.no; richard.essery@ed.ac.uk; achim.heilig@wsl.ch; susanne.ingvander@natgeo.su.se; cecilia.johansson@met.uu.se; margareta.johansson@nateko.lu.se; isj@hi.is; niila@laevas.se; kari.luojus@fmi.fi; g.macelloni@ifac.cnr.it; heather.mariash@gmail.com; donald.mclennan@polar.gc.ca; gunhild.rosqvist@natgeo.su.se; asato@bosai.go.jp; hannele.savela@oulu.fi; martin.schneebeli@wsl.ch; sokhol@yandex.ru; sokratov@geol.msu.ru; s.terzago@isac.cnr.it; dagrun@met.no; snw@ualberta.ca; terry_callaghan@btinternet.com RI Sokratov, Sergey/A-6602-2011; Ehrich, Dorothee/F-6492-2015; Schneebeli, Martin/B-1063-2008; Brucker, Ludovic/A-8029-2010; Callaghan, Terens/N-7640-2014; OI Sokratov, Sergey/0000-0001-9265-2935; Ehrich, Dorothee/0000-0002-3028-9488; Schneebeli, Martin/0000-0003-2872-4409; Brucker, Ludovic/0000-0001-7102-8084; Essery, Richard/0000-0003-1756-9095; Bjerke, Jarle/0000-0003-2721-1492 FU IASC ICARP III Activity grant FX The writing of this paper was initiated by an IASC ICARP III Activity grant to TVC enabling a workshop hosted by the European Environment Agency. The authors acknowledge funding from their respective national and international funding bodies, which has enabled the contribution of all authors to this work. NR 167 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 37 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 EI 1654-7209 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD SEP PY 2016 VL 45 IS 5 BP 516 EP 537 DI 10.1007/s13280-016-0770-0 PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DT6GD UT WOS:000381580800002 PM 26984258 ER PT J AU McIntire, J Moyer, D Brown, SW Lykke, KR Waluschka, E Oudrari, H Xiong, XX AF McIntire, Jeff Moyer, David Brown, Steven W. Lykke, Keith R. Waluschka, Eugene Oudrari, Hassan Xiong, Xiaoxiong TI Monochromatic measurements of the JPSS-1 VIIRS polarization sensitivity SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; CALIBRATION; SATELLITE; MODIS AB Polarization sensitivity is a critical property that must be characterized for spaceborne remote sensing instruments designed to measure reflected solar radiation. Broadband testing of the first Joint Polar-orbiting Satellite System (JPSS-1) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) showed unexpectedly large polarization sensitivities for the bluest bands on VIIRS (centered between 400 and 600 nm). Subsequent ray trace modeling indicated that large diattenuation on the edges of the bandpass for these spectral bands was the driver behind these large sensitivities. Additional testing using the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Traveling Spectral Irradiance and Radiance Responsivity Calibrations Using Uniform Sources was added to the test program to verify and enhance the model. The testing was limited in scope to two spectral bands at two scan angles; nonetheless, this additional testing provided valuable insight into the polarization sensitivity. Analysis has shown that the derived diattenuation agreed with the broadband measurements to within an absolute difference of about 0.4% and that the ray trace model reproduced the general features of the measured data. Additionally, by deriving the spectral responsivity, the linear diattenuation is shown to be explicitly dependent on the changes in bandwidth with polarization state. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [McIntire, Jeff; Oudrari, Hassan] Sci Syst Applicat Int, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Moyer, David] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Brown, Steven W.; Lykke, Keith R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Waluschka, Eugene; Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McIntire, J (reprint author), Sci Syst Applicat Int, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM jeffrey.mcintire@ssaihq.com NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP PY 2016 VL 55 IS 27 BP 7444 EP 7454 DI 10.1364/AO.55.007444 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA DW9QO UT WOS:000383996900001 PM 27661568 ER PT J AU Sun, JQ Xiong, XX Waluschka, E Wang, MH AF Sun, Junqiang Xiong, Xiaoxiong Waluschka, Eugene Wang, Menghua TI Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite polarization sensitivity analysis SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTIVE SOLAR BANDS; CALIBRATION; SPECTRORADIOMETER; PERFORMANCE; DIFFUSER AB The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is one of five instruments onboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite that launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, on October 28, 2011. It is a whiskbroom radiometer that provides +/- 56.28 degrees scans of the Earth view. It has 22 bands, among which 14 are reflective solar bands (RSBs). The RSBs cover a wavelength range from 410 to 2250 nm. The RSBs of a remote sensor are usually sensitive to the polarization of incident light. For VIIRS, it is specified that the polarization factor should be smaller than 3% for 410 and 862 nm bands and 2.5% for other RSBs for the scan angle within +/- 45 degrees. Several polarization sensitivity tests were performed prelaunch for SNPP VIIRS. The first few tests either had large uncertainty or were less reliable, while the last one was believed to provide the more accurate information about the polarization property of the instrument. In this paper, the measured data in the last polarization sensitivity test are analyzed, and the polarization factors and phase angles are derived from the measurements for all the RSBs. The derived polarization factors and phase angles are band, detector, and scan angle dependent. For near-infrared bands, they also depend on the half-angle mirror side. Nevertheless, the derived polarization factors are all within the specification, although the strong detector dependence of the polarization parameters was not expected. Compared to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer on both Aqua and Terra satellites, the polarization effect on VIIRS RSB is much smaller. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Sun, Junqiang; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sun, Junqiang] Global Sci & Technol, 7855 Walker Dr,Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Waluschka, Eugene] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sun, JQ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Sun, JQ (reprint author), Global Sci & Technol, 7855 Walker Dr,Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM junqiang.sun@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Joint Polar Satellite System FX National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Joint Polar Satellite System. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP PY 2016 VL 55 IS 27 BP 7645 EP 7658 DI 10.1364/AO.55.007645 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA DW9QO UT WOS:000383996900027 PM 27661594 ER PT J AU Guerrero, G Smolarkiewicz, PK Dal Pino, EMD Kosovichev, AG Mansour, NN AF Guerrero, G. Smolarkiewicz, P. K. de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M. Kosovichev, A. G. Mansour, N. N. TI UNDERSTANDING SOLAR TORSIONAL OSCILLATIONS FROM GLOBAL DYNAMO MODELS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sun: interior; Sun: magnetic fields; Sun: rotation ID CONVECTION-ZONE; MERIDIONAL FLOW; CYCLE VARIATION; ROTATION; INTERIOR; SURFACE; SUN AB The phenomenon of solar "torsional oscillations" (TO) represents migratory zonal flows associated with the solar cycle. These flows are observed on the solar surface and, according to helioseismology, extend through the convection zone. We study the origin of the TO using results from a global MHD simulation of the solar interior that reproduces several of the observed characteristics of the mean-flows and magnetic fields. Our results indicate that the magnetic tension (MT) in the tachocline region is a key factor for the periodic changes in the angular momentum transport that causes the TO. The torque induced by the MT at the base of the convection zone is positive at the poles and negative at the equator. A rising MT torque at higher latitudes causes the poles to speed up, whereas a declining negative MT torque at the lower latitudes causes the equator to slow-down. These changes in the zonal flows propagate through the convection zone up to the surface. Additionally, our results suggest that it is the magnetic field at the tachocline that modulates the amplitude of the surface meridional flow rather than the opposite as assumed by flux-transport dynamo models of the solar cycle. C1 [Guerrero, G.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Phys, Av Antonio Carlos 6627, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Smolarkiewicz, P. K.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Astron, IAG USP, Rua Matao 1226, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Kosovichev, A. G.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Mansour, N. N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94040 USA. RP Guerrero, G (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Phys, Av Antonio Carlos 6627, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM guerrero@fisica.ufmg.br; smolar@ecmwf.int; dalpino@astro.iag.usp.br; alexander.g.kosovichev@njit.edu; Nagi.N.Mansour@nasa.gov FU FAPEMIG [APQ-01168/14]; FAPESP [2013/10559-5, 2009/54006-4]; CNPq [306598/2009-4]; NASA [NNX09AJ85g, NNX14AB70G]; European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ERC) [320375] FX We thank the anonymous referee for insightful comments that helped to improve the paper. This work was partly funded by FAPEMIG grant APQ-01168/14 (GG), FAPESP grant 2013/10559-5 (EMGDP), CNPq grant 306598/2009-4 (EMGDP), and NASA grants NNX09AJ85g and NNX14AB70G. P.K.S. is supported by funding received from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2012/ERC grant agreement no. 320375). The simulations were performed in the NASA cluster Pleiades and the computing facilities of the Laboratory of Astroinformatics (IAG/USP, NAT/Unicsul) supported by a FAPESP (grant 2009/54006-4). NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 828 IS 1 AR L3 DI 10.3847/2041-8205/828/1/L3 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW9MZ UT WOS:000383985500003 ER PT J AU Sterling, AC Moore, RL AF Sterling, Alphonse C. Moore, Ronald L. TI A MICROFILAMENT-ERUPTION MECHANISM FOR SOLAR SPICULES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sun: chromosphere; Sun: filaments, prominences; Sun: flares; Sun: magnetic fields; Supporting material: animations ID X-RAY JETS; POLAR CORONAL HOLES; ACTIVE-REGION; II SPICULES; TELESCOPE; EVOLUTION; HINODE; PARAMETERS; RESOLUTION; NETWORK AB Recent investigations indicate that solar coronal jets result from eruptions of small-scale chromospheric filaments, called minifilaments; that is, the jets are produced by scaled-down versions of typical-sized filament eruptions. We consider whether solar spicules might in turn be scaled-down versions of coronal jets, being driven by eruptions of microfilaments. Assuming a microfilament' s size is about a spicule' s width (similar to 300 km), the estimated occurrence number plotted against the estimated size of erupting filaments, minifilaments, and microfilaments approximately follows a power-law distribution (based on counts of coronal mass ejections, coronal jets, and spicules), suggesting that many or most spicules could result from microfilament eruptions. Observed spicule-base Ca II brightenings plausibly result from such microfilament eruptions. By analogy with coronal jets, microfilament eruptions might produce spicules with many of their observed characteristics, including smooth rise profiles, twisting motions, and EUV counterparts. The postulated microfilament eruptions are presumably eruptions of twisted-core micro-magnetic bipoles that are similar to 1 ''.0 wide. These explosive bipoles might be built and destabilized by merging and cancelation of approximately a few to 100 G magnetic-flux elements of size less than or similar to 0 ''.5-1 ''.0. If, however, spicules are relatively more numerous than indicated by our extrapolated distribution, then only a fraction of spicules might result from this proposed mechanism. C1 [Sterling, Alphonse C.; Moore, Ronald L.] Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys & Planetary Sci Off, ZP13, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Moore, Ronald L.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Sterling, AC (reprint author), Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys & Planetary Sci Off, ZP13, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM alphonse.sterling@nasa.gov; ron.moore@nasa.gov FU Heliophysics Division of NASA's Science Mission Directorate through the Heliophysics Guest Investigator (HGI) Program; Hinode Project FX The authors thank two referees for useful comments and interesting discussions. This work was supported by funding from the Heliophysics Division of NASA's Science Mission Directorate through the Heliophysics Guest Investigator (HGI) Program, and the Hinode Project. We thank T. Tarbell for assistance with SOT images. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners, and operated by these agencies in co-operation with ESA and NSC (Norway). Figure 1 and Figures 3(g)-(i) and animations, adapted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature, Sterling et al. (2015), copyright 2015. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 828 IS 1 AR L9 DI 10.3847/2041-8205/828/1/L9 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW9MZ UT WOS:000383985500009 ER PT J AU Wernet, MP AF Wernet, Mark P. TI Application of Tomo-PIV in a large-scale supersonic jet flow facility SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY AB Particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) has been used extensively at NASA GRC over the last 15 years to build a benchmark data set of hot and cold jet flow measurements in an effort to understand acoustic noise sources in high-speed jets. Identifying the noise sources in highspeed jets is critical for ultimately modifying the nozzle hardware design/operation and therefore reducing the jet noise. Tomographic PIV (Tomo-PIV) is an innovative approach for acquiring and extracting velocity information across extended volumes of a flow field, enabling the computation of additional fluid mechanical properties not typically available using traditional PIV techniques. The objective of this work was to develop and implement the Tomo-PIV measurement capability and apply it in a large-scale outdoor test facility, where seeding multiple flow streams and operating in the presence of daylight presents formidable challenges. The newly developed Tomo-PIV measurement capability was applied in both a subsonic M 0.9 flow and an under-expanded M 1.4 heated jet flow field. Measurements were also obtained using traditional two-component (2C) PIV and stereo PIV in the M 0.9 flow field for comparison and validation of the Tomo-PIV results. In the case of the M 1.4 flow, only the 2C PIV was applied to allow a comparison with the Tomo-PIV measurement. The Tomo-PIV fields-of-view covered 180 x 180 x 10 mm, and the reconstruction domains were 3500 x 3500 x 200 voxels. These Tomo-PIV measurements yielded all three components of vorticity across entire planes for the first time in heated supersonic jet flows and provided the first full 3D reconstruction of the Mach disk and oblique shock intersections inside of the barrel shocks. Measuring all three components of vorticity across multiple planes in the flow, potentially reduces the number of measurement configurations (streamwise and cross-stream PIV) required to fully characterize the mixing-enhanced nozzle flows routinely studied in aeroacoustics research. C1 [Wernet, Mark P.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Wernet, MP (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM mark.p.wernet@nasa.gov FU NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics' Transformational Tools and Technologies Program FX The author would like to thank NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics' Transformational Tools and Technologies Program for their support of this effort. The author also thanks Dr. Randy Locke, Dr. Adam Wroblewski and Garrett Clayo for their efforts in the setting up and implementation of the 2C PIV, SPIV and Tomo-PIV systems. The author thanks Dr. James Bridges for helpful discussions and for the use of the SHJAR facility. Lastly, the author thanks the staff at the AAPL for their dedication and support in making these tests possible. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 EI 1432-1114 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD SEP PY 2016 VL 57 IS 9 AR 144 DI 10.1007/s00348-016-2228-3 PG 24 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA DX2QM UT WOS:000384215700007 ER PT J AU Tang, A Kim, Y Xu, Y Chang, MCF AF Tang, Adrian Kim, Yanghyo Xu, Yinuo Chang, Mau-Chung Frank TI A 5.8 GHz 54 Mb/s Backscatter Modulator for WLAN With Symbol Pre-Distortion and Transmit Pulse Shaping SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CMOS backscatter link; pre-distortion; pulse shaping; reflector link AB This letter discusses the implementation of microwave backscatter links in CMOS technology which are similar to existing systems at mid-UHF for RFID, but intended for use at the 5.8 GHz ISM band for supporting future low-power WLAN applications. In order for backscatter links to operate in highly channelized environments we introduce a pulse-shaping technique to reduce out-of-band emissions as well as a symbol pre-distortion technique to improve the constellation spacing. Both techniques are introduced into a 65 nm prototype backscatter modulator chip and are shown to operate with QPSK modulation at 54 Mb/s (typical of WLAN standards). The backscatter modulator chip was shown to consume 1.61 mW of power. C1 [Tang, Adrian; Kim, Yanghyo; Xu, Yinuo; Chang, Mau-Chung Frank] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. [Tang, Adrian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tang, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. EM atang@seas.ucla.edu; yanghyokim@ucla.edu; yinuo@ucla.edu; mfchang@ee.ucla.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1531-1309 EI 1558-1764 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 26 IS 9 BP 729 EP 731 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2016.2597173 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA DX0PV UT WOS:000384067100029 ER PT J AU Lall, P Mirza, KM Harsha, M Goebel, K AF Lall, Pradeep Mirza, Kazi Mahmud Harsha, Mahendra Goebel, Kai TI Microstructural Indicators for Assessment of Effect of Prolonged and Intermittent Storage on Reliability of Lead-free Electronics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE Materials reliability; integrated circuit reliability; soldering; integrated circuit interconnections ID BOUNDARY-SCAN; TESTABILITY; DESIGN; BIST; BIT AB Electronic systems may be subjected to prolonged and intermittent periods of storage prior to deployment or usage. Prior studies have shown that the lead-free solder interconnects show measurable degradation in the mechanical properties even after the brief exposures to high temperature. In this paper, a method has been developed for determining the equivalent storage time to produce identical damage at a different temperature. Electronics subjected to accelerated tests often have a well-defined thermal profile for a specified period of time. Quantification of the thermal profile in field-deployed electronics may be often difficult because of the variance in the environment conditions and usage profile. There is a need for tools and techniques to quantify the damage in deployed systems in the absence of macroindicators of damage without the knowledge of prior stress history. The approach for mapping damage in the lead-free second-level interconnects between different thermal conditions is new. High-reliability applications, such as avionics and missile systems, may be often exposed to long periods of storage prior to deployment. The effect of storage at different temperature conditions can be mapped using the presented approach. A framework has been developed to investigate the system state and estimate the remaining useful life of the solder ball subjected to a variety of isothermal aging conditions, including 60 degrees C, 75 degrees C, and 125 degrees C for periods of time between 1 and 4 weeks. Data on damage precursors, including the rate of change in the normalized phase growth and the normalized IMC thickness, has been collected and analyzed to derive physics-based damage mapping relationships for aging. Mathematical relationships have been derived for the damage mapping to various thermal storage environments to facilitate determining an appropriate time-temperature combination to reach a particular level of damage state. Activation energy for the leading indicators of failure is also computed. Specific damage proxies examined include the phase-growth indicator and the intermetallic thickness. The viability of the approach has been demonstrated for the lead-free test assemblies subjected to multiple thermal aging at 60 degrees C, 75 degrees C, and 125 degrees C. Damage mapping relationships are derived from the data based on the two separate leading indicators. C1 [Lall, Pradeep; Mirza, Kazi Mahmud; Harsha, Mahendra] Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Harsha, Mahendra] Skyworks Solut Inc, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. [Goebel, Kai] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. RP Lall, P (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM lall@auburn.edu; kmm0039@tigermail.auburn.edu; mahendra.harsha@skyworksinc.com; kai.f.goebel@nasa.gov OI Lall, Pradeep/0000-0002-4074-937X NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-4388 EI 1558-2574 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 304 EP 317 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2016.2597740 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA DX0QP UT WOS:000384069500005 ER PT J AU Thipphavong, DP AF Thipphavong, David P. TI Top-of-Climb Matching Method for Reducing Aircraft Trajectory Prediction Errors SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) Conference / AIAA Infotech at Aerospace Conference CY AUG 19-22, 2013 CL Boston, MA SP AIAA AB The inaccuracies of the aircraft performance models used by trajectory predictors with regard to takeoff weight, thrust, climb profile, and other parameters result in altitude errors during the climb phase that often exceed the vertical separation standard of 1000 ft. This study investigates the potential reduction in altitude trajectory prediction errors that could be achieved for climbing flights if just one additional parameter is made available: top-of-climb time. The top-of-climb matching method developed and evaluated in this paper is straightforward: A set of candidate trajectory predictions is generated using different aircraft weight parameters, and the one that most closely matches top of climb in terms of time is selected. This algorithm was tested using more than 1000 climbing flights in Fort Worth Center. Compared with the baseline trajectory predictions of a real-time research prototype (Center/Terminal Radar Approach Control Automation System), the top-of-climb matching method reduced the altitude root mean square error for a 5min prediction time by 38%. It also decreased the percentage of flights with absolute altitude error greater than the vertical separation standard of 1000ft for the same look-ahead time from 55 to 30%. C1 [Thipphavong, David P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Flight Trajectory Dynam & Controls Branch, Mail Stop 210-10, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Thipphavong, David P.] AIAA, Reston, VA 20191 USA. RP Thipphavong, DP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Flight Trajectory Dynam & Controls Branch, Mail Stop 210-10, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; Thipphavong, DP (reprint author), AIAA, Reston, VA 20191 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1211 EP 1223 DI 10.2514/1.C032966 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DX3TS UT WOS:000384297800003 ER PT J AU Brandon, JM Morelli, EA AF Brandon, Jay M. Morelli, Eugene A. TI Real-Time Onboard Global Nonlinear Aerodynamic Modeling from Flight Data SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA SP AIAA ID IDENTIFICATION AB Flight test and modeling techniques were developed to accurately identify global nonlinear aerodynamic models onboard an aircraft. The techniques were developed and demonstrated during piloted flight testing of an Aermacchi MB-326M Impala jet aircraft. Advanced piloting techniques and nonlinear modeling techniques based on fuzzy logic and multivariate orthogonal function methods were implemented with efficient onboard calculations and flight operations to achieve real-time maneuver monitoring, near-real-time global nonlinear aerodynamic modeling, and prediction validation testing in flight. Results demonstrated that global nonlinear aerodynamic models for a large portion of the flight envelope were identified rapidly and accurately using piloted flight test maneuvers during a single flight, with the final identified and validated models available before the aircraft landed. C1 [Brandon, Jay M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Flight Dynam Branch, Mail Stop 308, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Morelli, Eugene A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Dynam Syst & Control Branch, Mail Stop 308, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Brandon, Jay M.; Morelli, Eugene A.] AIAA, Reston, VA 20191 USA. RP Brandon, JM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Flight Dynam Branch, Mail Stop 308, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.; Brandon, JM (reprint author), AIAA, Reston, VA 20191 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1261 EP 1297 DI 10.2514/1.C033133 PG 37 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DX3TS UT WOS:000384297800007 ER PT J AU Su, WH Swei, SSM Zhu, GMG AF Su, Weihua Swei, Sean Shan-Min Zhu, Guoming G. TI Optimum Wing Shape of Highly Flexible Morphing Aircraft for Improved Flight Performance SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR AEROELASTICITY; DESIGN OPTIMIZATION; BODY AIRCRAFT; DYNAMICS; AIRFOIL AB In this paper, optimum wing bending and torsion deformations are explored for a mission adaptive, highly flexible morphing aircraft. The complete highly flexible aircraft is modeled using a strain-based geometrically nonlinear beam formulation, coupled with unsteady aerodynamics and six-degree-of-freedom rigid-body motions. Since there are no conventional discrete control surfaces for trimming the flexible aircraft, the design space for searching the optimum wing geometries is enlarged. To achieve high-performance flight, the wing geometry is best tailored according to the specific flight mission needs. In this study, the steady level flight and the coordinated turn flight are considered, and the optimum wing deformations with the minimum drag at these flight conditions are searched by using a modal-based optimization procedure, subject to the trim and other constraints. The numerical study verifies the feasibility of the modal-based optimization approach, and it shows the resulting optimum wing configuration and its sensitivity under different flight profiles. C1 [Su, Weihua] Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Swei, Sean Shan-Min] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Zhu, Guoming G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Su, Weihua; Swei, Sean Shan-Min] AIAA, Reston, VA 20191 USA. RP Su, WH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.; Su, WH (reprint author), AIAA, Reston, VA 20191 USA. EM suw@eng.ua.edu; sean.s.swei@nasa.gov; zhug@egr.msu.edu RI Su, Weihua/F-1561-2011 OI Su, Weihua/0000-0002-4458-0524 FU NASA Ames Research Center's Summer Faculty Fellowship; NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate's Team Seedling Fund; Convergent Aeronautics Solutions project FX The first author acknowledges sponsorship from the NASA Ames Research Center's Summer Faculty Fellowship. The work was partially supported by the NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate's Team Seedling Fund and the Convergent Aeronautics Solutions project. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1305 EP 1316 DI 10.2514/1.C033490 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DX3TS UT WOS:000384297800009 ER PT J AU Perry, B AF Perry, Boyd, III TI Results of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics Report Number 496: Revisited SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article C1 [Perry, Boyd, III] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Aeroelast Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Perry, B (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Aeroelast Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1561 EP + DI 10.2514/1.C033663 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DX3TS UT WOS:000384297800030 ER PT J AU Liao, L Meneghini, R Tokay, A Bliven, LF AF Liao, Liang Meneghini, Robert Tokay, Ali Bliven, Larry F. TI Retrieval of Snow Properties for Ku- and Ka-Band Dual-Frequency Radar SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SCATTERING PROPERTIES; ICE PARTICLES; FALL SPEED; SIZE; HYDROMETEORS; PARAMETERS; APPROXIMATION; DISDROMETER; CRYSTALS; DATABASE AB The focus of this study is on the estimation of snow microphysical properties and the associated bulk parameters such as snow water content and water equivalent snowfall rate for Ku- and Ka-band dual-frequency radar. This is done by exploring a suitable scattering model and the proper particle size distribution (PSD) assumption that accurately represent, in the electromagnetic domain, the micro-/macrophysical properties of snow. The scattering databases computed from simulated aggregates for small-to-moderate particle sizes are combined with a simple scattering model for large particle sizes to characterize snow-scattering properties over the full range of particle sizes. With use of the single-scattering results, the snow retrieval lookup tables can be formed in a way that directly links the Ku- and Ka-band radar reflectivities to snow water content and equivalent snowfall rate without use of the derived PSD parameters. A sensitivity study of the retrieval results to the PSD and scattering models is performed to better understand the dual-wavelength retrieval uncertainties. To aid in the development of the Ku- and Ka-band dual-wavelength radar technique and to further evaluate its performance, self-consistency tests are conducted using measurements of the snow PSD and fall velocity acquired from the Snow Video Imager/Particle Image Probe (SVI/PIP) during the winter of 2014 at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility site in Wallops Island, Virginia. C1 [Liao, Liang] Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Meneghini, Robert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tokay, Ali] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Tokay, Ali] Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Bliven, Larry F.] NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA USA. RP Liao, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM liang.liao-1@nasa.gov FU Dr. R. Kakar of NASA Headquarters under NASA's Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) [NNH12ZDA001N-PMM] FX This work is supported by Dr. R. Kakar of NASA Headquarters under NASA's Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM; Grant NNH12ZDA001N-PMM). The authors also thank Mr. Jorel Torres of the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology for providing and processing SVI/PIP data, and Dr. Kwo-Sen Kuo of the University of Maryland for providing the scattering database. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 55 IS 9 BP 1845 EP 1858 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0355.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DX1QM UT WOS:000384142100001 ER PT J AU Bedka, KM Khlopenkov, K AF Bedka, Kristopher M. Khlopenkov, Konstantin TI A Probabilistic Multispectral Pattern Recognition Method for Detection of Overshooting Cloud Tops Using Passive Satellite Imager Observations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROFILING RADAR OBSERVATIONS; STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; GOES-R; PRECIPITATION SYSTEMS; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; SEVERE WEATHER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONVECTION AB Deep convective updrafts often penetrate through the surrounding cirrus anvil and into the lower stratosphere. Cross-tropopause transport of ice, water vapor, and chemicals occurs within these "overshooting tops'' (OTs) along with a variety of hazardous weather conditions. OTs are readily apparent in satellite imagery, and, given the importance of OTs for weather and climate, a number of automated satellite-based detection methods have been developed. Some of these methods have proven to be relatively reliable, and their products are used in diverse Earth science applications. Nevertheless, analysis of these methods and feedback from product users indicate that use of fixed infrared temperature-based detection criteria often induces biases that can limit their utility for weather and climate analysis. This paper describes a new multispectral OT detection approach that improves upon those previously developed by minimizing use of fixed criteria and incorporating pattern recognition analyses to arrive at an OT probability product. The product is developed and validated using OT and non-OT anvil regions identified by a human within MODIS imagery. The product offered high skill for discriminating between OTs and anvils and matched 69% of human OT identifications for a particular probability threshold with a false-detection rate of 18%, outperforming previously existing methods. The false-detection rate drops to 1% when OT-induced texture detected within visible imagery is used to constrain the IR-based OT probability product. The OT probability product is also shown to improve severe-storm detection over the United States by 20% relative to the best existing method. C1 [Bedka, Kristopher M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Khlopenkov, Konstantin] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Bedka, KM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM kristopher.m.bedka@nasa.gov FU GOES-R Risk Reduction Research (R3) program FX This research has been supported by the GOES-R Risk Reduction Research (R3) program. In particular, we thank Dr. Steven Goodman, senior (chief) scientist, GOES-R System Program, for his guidance and support throughout this effort. We thank Patrick Minnis and Christopher Velden for their advice and collaboration throughout the algorithm-development process. We thank Cameron Homeyer for providing the WSR-88D data shown in this paper. We also thank Jake Smith for manually identifying OT locations in GOES-14 satellite imagery. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 55 IS 9 BP 1983 EP 2005 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0249.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DX1QM UT WOS:000384142100008 ER PT J AU Magi, BI Winesett, T Cecil, DJ AF Magi, Brian I. Winesett, Thomas Cecil, Daniel. J. TI Estimating Lightning from Microwave Remote Sensing Data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE DATA RECORD; UNITED-STATES; SSM/I SENSORS; PART I; CLOUD; THUNDERSTORMS; RATES; EARTH; FIRE; IMAGER/SOUNDER AB This study evaluates a method for estimating the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash rate from microwave remote sensing data. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites have been in operation since 1987 and include global-viewing microwave sensors that capture thunderstorms as brightness temperature depressions. The National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) has monitored CG lightning in the United States since 1997. This study investigates the relationship between CG lightning and microwave brightness temperature fields for the contiguous United States from April to September for the years 2005-12. The findings suggest that an exponential function, empirically fit to the NLDN and SSM/I data, provides lightning count measurements that agree to within 60%-70% with NLDN lightning, but with substantial misses and false alarms in the predictions. The discrepancies seem to be attributable to regional differences in thunderstorm characteristics that require a detailed study at smaller spatial scales to truly resolve, but snow at higher elevations also produces some anomalous microwave temperature depressions similar to those of thunderstorms. The results for the contiguous United States in this study are a step toward potentially using SSM/I data to estimate CG lightning around the world, although the sensitivity of the results to regional differences related to meteorological regimes would need further study. C1 [Magi, Brian I.; Winesett, Thomas] Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Cecil, Daniel. J.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Magi, BI (reprint author), Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM brian.magi@uncc.edu OI Magi, Brian/0000-0001-8131-0083 FU North Carolina Space Grant Consortium's New Investigator Program; UNC Charlotte faculty research grant; Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) team via the NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission FX The authors thank the staff at the Precipitation Research Group at Colorado State University for maintaining and managing the SSM/I data distribution. BIM and TW were partially supported by the North Carolina Space Grant Consortium's New Investigator Program. BIM was also partially supported by a UNC Charlotte faculty research grant. DJC was supported through the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) team via the NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 55 IS 9 BP 2021 EP 2036 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0306.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DX1QM UT WOS:000384142100010 ER PT J AU Huang, XL Chen, XH Zhou, DK Liu, X AF Huang, Xianglei Chen, Xiuhong Zhou, Daniel K. Liu, Xu TI An Observationally Based Global Band-by-Band Surface Emissivity Dataset for Climate and Weather Simulations SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE; ALGORITHM; DATABASE; WINDOW; MODEL; SNOW; ICE AB While current atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) still treat the surface as a blackbody in their longwave radiation scheme, recent studies suggest the need for taking realistic surface spectral emissivity into account. There have been few measurements available for the surface emissivity in the far IR (<650 cm(-1)). Based on first-principle calculation, the authors compute the spectral emissivity over the entire longwave spectrum for a variety of surface types. MODIS-retrieved mid-IR surface emissivity at 0.05 degrees x 0.05 degrees spatial resolution is then regressed against the calculated spectral emissivity to determine the surface type for each grid. The derived spectral emissivity data are then spatially averaged onto 0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees grids and spectrally integrated onto the bandwidths used by the RRTMG_LW-a longwave radiation scheme widely used in current climate and numerical weather models. The band-by-band surface emissivity dataset is then compared with retrieved surface spectral emissivities from Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) measurements. The comparison shows favorable agreement between two datasets in all the bands covered by the IASI measurements. The authors further use the dataset in conjunction with ERA-Interim to evaluate its impact on the top-of-atmosphere radiation budget. Depending on the blackbody surface assumptions used in the original calculation, the globally averaged difference caused by the inclusion of realistic surface emissivity ranges from -1.2 to -1.5 W m(-2) for clear-sky OLR and from -0.67 to -0.94 W m(-2) for all-sky OLR. Moreover, the difference is not spatially uniform and has a distinct spatial pattern. C1 [Huang, Xianglei; Chen, Xiuhong] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zhou, Daniel K.; Liu, Xu] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Huang, XL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM xianglei@umich.edu FU DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-SC0012969]; NASA [NNX15AC25G] FX We wish to thank three anonymous reviewers for their thorough and thoughtful comments, which improved the clarity of the presentation. The ECMWF-Interim data were obtained from http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/. The MODIS retrievals of surface emissivity were from ftp://ftp.ssec.wisc.edu/pub/g_emis/. This research is supported by DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research under Grant DE-SC0012969 and by NASA under Grant NNX15AC25G awarded to the University of Michigan. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 73 IS 9 BP 3541 EP 3555 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0355.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW8RP UT WOS:000383923500011 ER PT J AU Guimond, SR Heymsfield, GM Reasor, PD Didlake, AC AF Guimond, Stephen R. Heymsfield, Gerald M. Reasor, Paul D. Didlake, Anthony C., Jr. TI The Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Karl (2010): New Remote Sensing Observations of Convective Bursts from the Global Hawk Platform SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSIFICATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION; INNER-CORE; PART I; 3-DIMENSIONAL PERTURBATIONS; DOPPLER RADAR; BONNIE 1998; EVOLUTION; EYEWALL; EYE AB The evolution of rapidly intensifying Hurricane Karl (2010) is examined from a suite of remote sensing observations during the NASA Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) field experiment. The novelties of this study are in the analysis of data from the airborne Doppler radar High-Altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HI WRAP) and the new Global Hawk airborne platform that allows long endurance sampling of hurricanes. Supporting data from the High-Altitude Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR) microwave sounder coincident with HIWRAP and coordinated flights with the NOAA WP-3D aircraft help to provide a comprehensive understanding of the storm. The focus of the analysis is on documenting and understanding the structure, evolution, and role of small-scale deep convective forcing in the storm intensification process. Deep convective bursts are sporadically initiated in the downshear quadrants of the storm and rotate into the upshear quadrants for a period of similar to 12 h during the rapid intensification. The aircraft data analysis indicates that the bursts are being formed and maintained through a combination of two main processes: 1) convergence generated from counterrotating mesovortex circulations and the larger vortex-scale flow and 2) the turbulent (scales of similar to 25 km) transport of anomalously warm, buoyant air from the eye to the eyewall at low levels. The turbulent mixing across the eyewall interface and forced convective descent adjacent to the bursts assists in carving out the eye of Karl, which leads to an asymmetric enhancement of the warm core. The mesovortices play a key role in the evolution of the features described above. The Global Hawk aircraft allowed an examination of the vortex response and axisymmetrization period in addition to the burst pulsing phase. A pronounced axisymmetric development of the vortex is observed following the pulsing phase that includes a sloped eyewall structure and formation of a clear, wide eye. C1 [Guimond, Stephen R.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guimond, Stephen R.; Heymsfield, Gerald M.; Didlake, Anthony C., Jr.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reasor, Paul D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Didlake, Anthony C., Jr.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Guimond, SR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM stephen.guimond@nasa.gov RI Reasor, Paul/B-2932-2014 OI Reasor, Paul/0000-0001-6407-017X FU Heymsfield's NASA GRIP through NASA; Heymsfield's NASA HS3 through NASA; NOAA; NASA; Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) at Los Alamos National Laboratory FX We thank Dr. Lihua Li, Matt McLinden, Martin Perrine, and Jaime Cervantes for their engineering efforts on HIWRAP during GRIP. We also thank the JPL HAMSR team for providing level 1B data used in this study, which was obtained from NASA Global Hydrology Resource Center in Huntsville, Alabama. Discussions with Dr. Scott Braun were useful and helped to clarify the presentation of the data. Dr. Lin Tian helped with early HIWRAP data processing. Author Guimond and coauthors Heymsfield and Didlake were funded under Heymsfield's NASA GRIP and HS3 funding, through NASA headquarters Program Manager Dr. Ramesh Kakar. Coauthor Reasor was funded through NOAA base funds. The NASA weather program under Dr. Ramesh Kakar supported GRIP. The first author was also partially supported by the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The first author thanks Robert Kilgore for his work on the conceptual diagram. Finally, we thank Rob Rogers and two anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 73 IS 9 BP 3617 EP 3639 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0026.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW8RP UT WOS:000383923500016 ER PT J AU Lin, Y Wang, Y Pan, BW Hu, JX Liu, YG Zhang, RY AF Lin, Yun Wang, Yuan Pan, Bowen Hu, Jiaxi Liu, Yangang Zhang, Renyi TI Distinct Impacts of Aerosols on an Evolving Continental Cloud Complex during the RACORO Field Campaign SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; LONG-TERM IMPACTS; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; SHALLOW CUMULUS; MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; ABSORBING AEROSOLS; RESOLVING MODEL; CLIMATE MODELS AB A continental cloud complex, consisting of shallow cumuli, a deep convective cloud (DCC), and stratus, is simulated by a cloud-resolving Weather Research and Forecasting Model to investigate the aerosol micro physical effect (AME) and aerosol radiative effect (ARE) on the various cloud regimes and their transitions during the Department of Energy Routine Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Aerial Facility Clouds with Low Optical Water Depths Optical Radiative Observations (RACORO) campaign. Under an elevated aerosol loading with AME only, a reduced cloudiness for the shallow cumuli and stratus resulted from more droplet evaporation competing with suppressed precipitation, but an enhanced cloudiness for the DCC is attributed to more condensation. With the inclusion of ARE, the shallow cumuli are suppressed owing to the thermodynamic effects of light-absorbing aerosols. The responses of DCC and stratus to aerosols are monotonic with AME only but nonmonotonic with both AME and ARE. The DCC is invigorated because of favorable convection and moisture conditions at night induced by daytime ARE, via the so-called aerosol-enhanced conditional instability mechanism. The results reveal that the overall aerosol effects on the cloud complex are distinct from the individual cloud types, highlighting that the aerosol cloud interactions for diverse cloud regimes and their transitions need to be evaluated to assess the regional and global climatic impacts. C1 [Lin, Yun; Pan, Bowen; Hu, Jiaxi; Zhang, Renyi] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Wang, Yuan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Liu, Yangang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, RY (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Oceanog & Meteorol Bldg,Room 1108,MS 3150, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM renyi-zhang@tamu.edu OI Lin, Yun/0000-0001-8222-0346 FU DOE's Earth System Modeling (ESM) Program via the FASTER project [DOE-DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NASA [ROSES14-ACMAP, 105357-281945.02.31.03.24] FX This research is supported by DOE's Earth System Modeling (ESM) Program via the FASTER project (www.bnl.gov/faster), under Grant DOE-DE-AC02-98CH10886. The RACORO field campaign was supported by DOE's ARM program. We are grateful for discussions on RACORO with Dr. Andrew Vogelmann at BNL and on aerosol microphysics effects on various clouds with Dr. Jonathan H. Jiang at JPL. The data from the RACORO field campaign, utilized only for education and research, are open to public after registration and application. Supercomputing computational facilities were provided by the Texas A&M University. Yuan Wang's contribution to this work was sponsored by NASA ROSES14-ACMAP and was carried at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA (Grant 105357-281945.02.31.03.24). NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 73 IS 9 BP 3681 EP 3700 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0361.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW8RP UT WOS:000383923500019 ER PT J AU Holt, LA Alexander, MJ Coy, L Molod, A Putman, W Pawson, S AF Holt, Laura A. Alexander, M. Joan Coy, Lawrence Molod, Andrea Putman, William Pawson, Steven TI Tropical Waves and the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in a 7-km Global Climate Simulation SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; QBO-LIKE OSCILLATION; GRAVITY-WAVES; CONVECTION; TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERIZATION; STRATOSPHERE; IMPROVEMENTS; VARIABILITY AB This study investigates tropical waves and their role in driving a quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO)-like signal in stratospheric winds in a global 7-km-horizontal-resolution atmospheric general circulation model. The Nature Run (NR) is a 2-yr global mesoscale simulation of the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, version 5 (GEOS-5). In the tropics, there is evidence that the NR supports a broad range of convectively generated waves. The NR precipitation spectrum resembles the observed spectrum in many aspects, including the preference for westward-propagating waves. However, even with very high horizontal resolution and a healthy population of resolved waves, the zonal force provided by the resolved waves is still too low in the QBO region and parameterized gravity wave drag is the main driver of the NR-QBO-like oscillation (NR-QBO). The authors suggest that causes include coarse vertical resolution and excessive dissipation. Nevertheless, the very-high-resolution NR provides an opportunity to analyze the resolved wave forcing of the NR-QBO. In agreement with previous studies, large-scale Kelvin and small-scale waves contribute to the NR-QBO driving in eastward shear zones and small-scale waves dominate the NR-QBO driving in westward shear zones. Waves with zonal wavelength < 1000 km account for up to half of the small-scale (<3300 km) resolved wave forcing in eastward shear zones and up to 70% of the small-scale resolved wave forcing in westward shear zones of the NR-QBO. C1 [Holt, Laura A.; Alexander, M. Joan] NorthWest Res Associates, 3380 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Coy, Lawrence; Putman, William; Pawson, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Coy, Lawrence] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Molod, Andrea] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Holt, LA (reprint author), NorthWest Res Associates, 3380 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM laura@nwra.com FU NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office [NNX14O76G]; NASA's Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) program FX We thank Dr. Ji-Eun Kim for providing the TRMM spectrum for Fig. 2, and we thank three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and helpful suggestions. This work is funded by the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Grant NNX14O76G. This work was also supported by NASA's Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) program. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 73 IS 9 BP 3771 EP 3783 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0350.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW8RP UT WOS:000383923500024 ER PT J AU Thurman, D Poinsatte, P Ameri, A Culley, D Raghu, S Shyam, V AF Thurman, Douglas Poinsatte, Philip Ameri, Ali Culley, Dennis Raghu, Surya Shyam, Vikram TI Investigation of Spiral and Sweeping Holes SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Surface infrared thermography, hotwire anemometry, and thermocouple surveys were performed on two new film cooling hole geometries: spiral/rifled holes and fluidic sweeping holes. The spiral holes attempt to induce large-scale vorticity to the film cooling jet as it exits the hole to prevent the formation of the kidney-shaped vortices commonly associated with film cooling jets. The fluidic sweeping hole uses a passive in-hole geometry to induce jet sweeping at frequencies that scale with blowing ratios. The spiral hole performance is compared to that of round holes with and without compound angles. The fluidic hole is of the diffusion class of holes and is therefore compared to a 777 hole and square holes. A patent-pending spiral hole design showed the highest potential of the nondiffusion-type hole configurations. Velocity contours and flow temperature were acquired at discreet cross sections of the downstream flow field. The passive fluidic sweeping hole shows the most uniform cooling distribution but suffers from low span-averaged effectiveness levels due to enhanced mixing. The data were taken at a Reynolds number of 11,000 based on hole diameter and freestream velocity. Infrared thermography was taken for blowing ratios of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 at a density ratio of 1.05. The flow inside the fluidic sweeping hole was studied using 3D unsteady Reynolds-average Navier-Stokes (RANS). C1 [Thurman, Douglas] US Army Res Lab, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Poinsatte, Philip; Culley, Dennis; Shyam, Vikram] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Ameri, Ali] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Raghu, Surya] Adv Fluid LLC, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. RP Thurman, D (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM drthurman@nasa.gov; poinsatte@nasa.gov; ali.a.ameri@nasa.gov; dennis.e.culley@nasa.gov; sraghu@advancedfluidics.com; vikram.shyam-1@nasa.gov FU NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program's Fixed Wing Project; NASA's Center Innovation Fund FX This work was funded by NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program's Fixed Wing Project and NASA's Center Innovation Fund. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Mark Wernet and Dr. Adam Wroblewski for the particle image velocimetry results. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X EI 1528-8900 J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2016 VL 139 IS 9 AR 091007 DI 10.1115/1.4032839 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA DX3BE UT WOS:000384246800007 ER PT J AU Abarca, SF Montgomery, MT Braun, SA Dunion, J AF Abarca, Sergio F. Montgomery, Michael T. Braun, Scott A. Dunion, Jason TI On the Secondary Eyewall Formation of Hurricane Edouard (2014) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; RITA 2005; REPLACEMENT; INTENSITY; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; VORTEX; CORE; CYCLE; FIELD AB A first observationally based estimation of departures from gradient wind balance during secondary eyewall formation is presented. The study is based on the Atlantic Hurricane Edouard (2014). This storm was observed during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) experiment, a field campaign conducted in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). A total of 135 dropsondes are analyzed in two separate time periods: one named the secondary eyewall formation period and the other one referred to as the decaying double eyewalled storm period. During the secondary eyewall formation period, a time when the storm was observed to have only one eyewall, the diagnosed agradient force has a secondary maximum that coincides with the radial location of the secondary eyewall observed in the second period of study. The maximum spinup tendency of the radial influx of absolute vertical vorticity is within the boundary layer in the region of the eyewall of the storm and the spinup tendency structure elongates radially outward into the secondary region of supergradient wind, where the secondary wind maximum is observed in the second period of study. An analysis of the boundary layer averaged vertical structure of equivalent potential temperature reveals a conditionally unstable environment in the secondary eyewall formation region. These findings support the hypothesis that deep convective activity in this region contributed to spinup of the boundary layer tangential winds and the formation of a secondary eyewall that is observed during the decaying double eyewalled storm period. C1 [Abarca, Sergio F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, IM Syst Grp, Natl Ctr Environm Protect, Natl Weather Serv, College Pk, MD USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Braun, Scott A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Dunion, Jason] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Dunion, Jason] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Abarca, SF (reprint author), NOAA, IM Syst Grp, NWS, NCEP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM sergio.abarca@noaa.gov RI Dunion, Jason/B-1352-2014 OI Dunion, Jason/0000-0001-7489-0569 FU National Research Council (NRC) through Research Associateship Program; Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California; NSF [AGS-1313948]; NOAA HFIP Grant [N0017315WR00048]; NASA HS3 Grant [NNG11PK021]; U.S. Naval Postgraduate School FX The first author gratefully acknowledges the support from the National Research Council (NRC) through its Research Associateship Program; the host institution, the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California; and Scott Braun for the funding that made it possible for him to participate in the H53 deployment during the 2014 hurricane season. MTM acknowledges the support of NSF Grant AGS-1313948, NOAA HFIP Grant N0017315WR00048, NASA HS3 Grant NNG11PK021, and the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 144 IS 9 BP 3321 EP 3331 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0421.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW8RN UT WOS:000383923300014 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Biging, GS Fisher, JB AF Lee, Jun-Hak Biging, Gregory S. Fisher, Joshua B. TI An Individual Tree-Based Automated Registration of Aerial Images to Lidar Data in a Forested Area SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID MULTISPECTRAL DATA FUSION; AIRBORNE LASER SCANNER; CROWN DETECTION; LAND-COVER; DELINEATION; HEIGHT; CLASSIFICATION; RECONSTRUCTION; SEGMENTATION; MOSAICKING AB In this paper, we demonstrate an approach to align aerial images to airborne lidar data by using common object features (tree tops) from both data sets under the condition that conventional correlation-based approaches are challenging due to the fact that the spatial pattern of pixel gray-scale values in aerial images hardly exist in lidar data. We extracted tree tops by using an image processing technique called extended-maxima transformation from both aerial images and lidar data. Our approach was tested at the Angelo Coast Range Reserve on the South Fork Eel River forests in Mendocino County, California. Although the aerial images were acquired simultaneously with the lidar data, the images had only approximate exposure point locations and average flight elevation information, which mimicked the condition of limited information availability about the aerial images. Our results showed that this approach enabled us to align aerial images to airborne lidar data at the single-tree level with reasonable accuracy. With a local transformation model (piecewise linear model), the RMSE and the median absolute deviation (MAD) of the registration were 9.2 pixels (2.3 meters) and 6.8 pixels (1.41 meters), respectively. We expect our approach to be applicable to fine scale change detection for forest ecosystems and may serve to extract detailed forest biophysical parameters. C1 [Lee, Jun-Hak] Univ Oregon, Dept Landscape Architecture, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Biging, Gregory S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fisher, Joshua B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Landscape Architecture, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM junhaklee@uoregon.edu FU W.S. Rosecrans Fellowship, Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We gratefully acknowledge the use of lidar data sets supplied by Dr. William E. Dietrich and the National Center of Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM). The first author was partially funded by the W.S. Rosecrans Fellowship, Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Joshua B. Fisher contributed to this paper through work by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 EI 2374-8079 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 82 IS 9 BP 699 EP 710 DI 10.14358/PERS.82.9.699 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DX0NR UT WOS:000384060300007 ER PT J AU Mendez-Villanueva, A Suarez-Arrones, L Rodas, G Fernandez-Gonzalo, R Tesch, P Linnehan, R Kreider, R Di Salvo, V AF Mendez-Villanueva, Alberto Suarez-Arrones, Luis Rodas, Gil Fernandez-Gonzalo, Rodrigo Tesch, Per Linnehan, Richard Kreider, Richard Di Salvo, Valter TI MRI-Based Regional Muscle Use during Hamstring Strengthening Exercises in Elite Soccer Players SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL-RESEARCH PROGRAM; PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL; ECCENTRIC OVERLOAD; NONUNIFORM CHANGES; INJURIES; PREVENTION; MECHANICS; STRAINS; SCIENCE; RETURN AB The present study examined site-specific hamstring muscles use with functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in elite soccer players during strength training. Thirty-six players were randomized into four groups, each performing either Nordic hamstring, flywheel legcurl, Russian belt or the hip-extension conic-pulley exercise. The transverse relaxation time (T-2) shift from pre-to post-MRI were calculated for the biceps femoris long (BFI) and short (BFs) heads, semitendinosus (ST) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles at proximal, middle and distal areas of the muscle length. T-2 values increased substantially after flywheel leg-curl in all regions of the BFI (from 9 +/- 8 to 16 +/- 8%), BFs (41 +/- 6-71 +/- 11%), and ST (60 +/- 1-69 +/- 7%). Nordic hamstring induced a substantial T2 increase in all regions of the BFs (13 +/- 8-16 +/- 5%) and ST (15 +/- 7-17 +/- 5%). T-2 values after the Russian belt deadlift substantially increased in all regions of the BFI (6 +/- 4-7 +/- 5%), ST (8 +/- 3-11 +/- 2%), SM (6 +/- 4-10 +/- 4%), and proximal and distal regions of BFs (6 +/- 6-8 +/- 5%). T-2 values substantially increased after hip-extension conic-pulley only in proximal and middle regions of BFI (11 +/- 5-7 +/- 5%) and ST (7 +/- 3-12 +/- 4%). The relevance of such MRI-based inter-and intra-muscle use in designing more effective resistance training for improving hamstring function and preventing hamstring injuries in elite soccer players should be explored with more mechanistic studies. C1 [Mendez-Villanueva, Alberto; Suarez-Arrones, Luis; Di Salvo, Valter] ASPIRE Acad, Football Performance & Sci Dept, Doha, Qatar. [Suarez-Arrones, Luis] Pablo de Olavide Univ, Sports Dept, Seville, Spain. [Rodas, Gil] Futbol Club Barcelona, Dept Med, Barcelona, Spain. [Fernandez-Gonzalo, Rodrigo; Tesch, Per] Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Linnehan, Richard] Johnson Space Ctr, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Houston, TX USA. [Kreider, Richard] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hlth & Kinesiol, College Stn, TX USA. [Di Salvo, Valter] Univ Rome Foro Italico, Dept Movement Human & Hlth Sci, Rome, Italy. RP Mendez-Villanueva, A (reprint author), ASPIRE Acad, Football Performance & Sci Dept, Doha, Qatar. EM jose.villanueva@aspire.qa FU NPRP grant from the Qatar National Research Fund [NPRP 6-1526-3-363] FX This study was made possible by NPRP grant #NPRP 6-1526-3-363 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The funder provided support in the form of salaries for authors LSA, RFG and PT, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 9 AR e0161356 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0161356 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DV3WN UT WOS:000382855600024 PM 27583444 ER PT J AU Ayers, A Miller, K Park, J Schwartz, L Antcliff, R AF Ayers, Alan Miller, Kimberly Park, Jongwon Schwartz, Lawrence Antcliff, Rich TI The Hollywood Model Leveraging the Capabilities of Freelance Talent to Advance Innovation and Reduce Risk SO RESEARCH-TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hollywood model; Talent management; Futures; IRI2038; IRI Research ID ERA AB In 2013, the Industrial Research Institute (IRI) commissioned the IRI2038 foresight project to research how developments in technology, business processes, regulation and other spheres will impact the art and science of research and technology management over the next 25 years. That study defined three scenarios likely to shape the innovation process in coming years. One of those scenarios was the Hollywood model, in which scientists, engineers, and innovators no longer work for a single firm but rather contract out their services to individual projects and then move on to other projects and companies. Over the course of six months, an IRI Research working group conducted four workshops with R&D leaders at IRI member companies to explore how talent management would be affected in this scenario. The workshops identified challenges and opportunities associated with the Hollywood model as a paradigm for industrial R&D, focused around eight critical aspects of current talent management practice. Although the Hollywood model faces significant infrastructure and legal impediments today, its employment of external R&D workers with diverse experiences and perspectives is likely to create a greater opportunity for significant innovation. C1 [Ayers, Alan] UConn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Ayers, Alan] IDCC, Doha, Qatar. [Ayers, Alan] Research on Res Comm, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Ayers, Alan] ROR Grp Rad Innovat & Levels Innovat, Arlington, TX USA. [Miller, Kimberly] Sutton House Consulting LLC, Florence, OR USA. [Miller, Kimberly] Cargills Global R&D Team, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Miller, Kimberly] Univ St Thomas, Org Dev, St Paul, MN USA. [Park, Jongwon] Korea Innovat Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Park, Jongwon] Arizona State Univ, Consortium Sci Policy & Outcomes, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Schwartz, Lawrence] IP Business Tech Solut, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Antcliff, Rich] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Off Strateg Anal Commun & Business Dev, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Ayers, A (reprint author), UConn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.; Ayers, A (reprint author), IDCC, Doha, Qatar.; Ayers, A (reprint author), Research on Res Comm, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.; Ayers, A (reprint author), ROR Grp Rad Innovat & Levels Innovat, Arlington, TX USA. EM adayers@buildinnovation.com; kim@suttonhouseconsulting.com; jpglobalconsultingllc@gmail.com; larryschwartz333@aol.com; Richard.R.Antcliff@nasa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH INST, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 2300 CLARENDON BLVD, STE 400, ARLINGTON, VA 22201 USA SN 0895-6308 EI 1930-0166 J9 RES TECHNOL MANAGE JI Res.-Technol. Manage. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 59 IS 5 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1080/08956308.2016.1208041 PG 11 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA DX6ZQ UT WOS:000384535600009 ER PT J AU Haarig, M Engelmann, R Ansmann, A Veselovskii, I Whiteman, DN Althausen, D AF Haarig, Moritz Engelmann, Ronny Ansmann, Albert Veselovskii, Igor Whiteman, David N. Althausen, Dietrich TI 1064 nm rotational Raman lidar for particle extinction and lidar-ratio profiling: cirrus case study SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; ELASTIC-BACKSCATTER LIDAR; INDIAN AEROSOL PLUME; MULTIWAVELENGTH LIDAR; SAHARAN DUST; WATER-VAPOR; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; 6-WAVELENGTH LIDAR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RETRIEVAL AB For the first time, vertical profiles of the 1064 nm particle extinction coefficient obtained from Raman lidar observations at 1058 nm (nitrogen and oxygen rotational Raman backscatter) are presented. We applied the new technique in the framework of test measurements and performed several cirrus observations of particle backscatter and extinction coefficients, and corresponding extinction-to-backscatter ratios at the wavelengths of 355, 532, and 1064 nm. The cirrus backscatter coefficients were found to be equal for all three wavelengths keeping the retrieval uncertainties in mind. The multiple-scattering-corrected cirrus extinction coefficients at 355 nm were on average about 20-30% lower than the ones for 532 and 1064 nm. The cirrus-mean extinction-to-backscatter ratio (lidar ratio) was 31 +/- 5 sr (355 nm), 36 +/- 5 sr (532 nm), and 38 +/- 5 sr (1064 nm) in this single study. We further discussed the requirements needed to obtain aerosol extinction profiles in the lower troposphere at 1064 nm with good accuracy (20% relative uncertainty) and appropriate temporal and vertical resolution. C1 [Haarig, Moritz; Engelmann, Ronny; Ansmann, Albert; Althausen, Dietrich] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Veselovskii, Igor] Phys Instrumentat Ctr, Moscow, Russia. [Whiteman, David N.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Haarig, M (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. EM haarig@tropos.de FU Russian Science Foundation [16-17-10241] FX We thank Johannes Buhl for providing Doppler lidar observations of vertical velocity and estimated ice crystal sizes. Modeling of the rotational Raman filter parameters was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 16-17-10241). NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 9 BP 4269 EP 4278 DI 10.5194/amt-9-4269-2016 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW8FZ UT WOS:000383891500002 ER PT J AU Diskin, B Thomas, JL Rumsey, CL Schwoppe, A AF Diskin, Boris Thomas, James L. Rumsey, Christopher L. Schwoeppe, Axel TI Grid-Convergence of Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Solutions for Benchmark Flows in Two Dimensions SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE MODEL; EULER EQUATIONS AB A detailed grid-convergence study has been conducted to establish reference solutions corresponding to the one-equation linear eddy-viscosity Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model for two-dimensional turbulent flows around the NACA0012 airfoil and a flat plate. The study involved the three widely used codes CFL3D (NASA), FUN3D (NASA), and TAU (DLR, The German Aerospace Center), as well as families of uniformly refined structured grids that differed in the grid density patterns. Solutions computed by different codes on different grid families appeared to converge to the same continuous limit but exhibited strikingly different convergence characteristics. The grid resolution in the vicinity of geometric singularities, such as a sharp trailing edge, was found to be the major factor affecting accuracy and convergence of discrete solutions; the effects of this local grid resolution were more prominent than differences in discretization schemes and/or grid elements. The results reported for these relatively simple turbulent flows demonstrated that CFL3D, FUN3D, and TAU solutions were very similar on the finest grids used in the study, but even those grids were not sufficient to conclusively establish an asymptotic convergence order. C1 [Diskin, Boris] Natl Inst Aerosp, MAE Dept, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Thomas, James L.; Rumsey, Christopher L.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Computat AeroSci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Schwoeppe, Axel] German Aerosp Ctr, DLR, Inst Aerodynam & Flow Technol, D-38108 Braunschweig, Germany. [Diskin, Boris] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Diskin, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, MAE Dept, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. FU NASA [NNL09AA00A] FX The first author acknowledges support from NASA Cooperative Agreement NNL09AA00A. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 54 IS 9 BP 2563 EP 2588 DI 10.2514/1.J054555 PG 26 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DV8GN UT WOS:000383175600002 ER PT J AU Pandya, MJ Diskin, B Thomas, JL Frink, NT AF Pandya, Mohagna J. Diskin, Boris Thomas, James L. Frink, Neal T. TI Improved Convergence and Robustness of USM3D Solutions on Mixed-Element Grids SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting / AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference / 17th AIAA Non-Deterministic Approaches Conference / AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition (SciTech) / AIAA Infotech at Aerospace Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2015 CL Kissimmee, FL SP AIAA ID EULER EQUATIONS; GENERATION; ALGORITHM; DYNAMICS; TETRUSS; FLOWS; CODES AB Several improvements to the mixed-element USM3D discretization and defect-correction schemes have been made. A new methodology for nonlinear iterations, called the Hierarchical Adaptive Nonlinear Iteration Method, has been developed and implemented. The Hierarchical Adaptive Nonlinear Iteration Method provides two additional hierarchies around a simple and approximate preconditioner of USM3D. The hierarchies are a matrix-free linear solver for the exact linearization of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and a nonlinear control of the solution update. Two variants of the Hierarchical Adaptive Nonlinear Iteration Method are assessed on four benchmark cases, namely, a zero-pressure-gradient flat plate, a bump-in-channel configuration, the NACA 0012 airfoil, and a NASA Common Research Model configuration. The new methodology provides a convergence acceleration factor of 1.4 to 13 over the preconditioner-alone method representing the baseline solver technology. C1 [Pandya, Mohagna J.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Configurat Aerodynam Branch, Mail Stop 499, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Diskin, Boris] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Thomas, James L.; Frink, Neal T.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Computat Aerosci Branch, Mail Stop 499, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Diskin, Boris] Univ Virginia, MAE Dept, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Pandya, MJ (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Configurat Aerodynam Branch, Mail Stop 499, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 54 IS 9 BP 2589 EP 2610 DI 10.2514/1.J054545 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DV8GN UT WOS:000383175600003 ER PT J AU Ceze, MA Fidkowski, KJ AF Ceze, Marco A. Fidkowski, Krzysztof J. TI High-Order Output-Based Adaptive Simulations of Turbulent Flow in Two Dimensions SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN DISCRETIZATIONS; MESH ADAPTATION; FLUID-DYNAMICS; PREDICTION AB Output-based high-order adaptive results are presented for several benchmark two-dimensional turbulent-flow simulations. The discretization is a high-order discontinuous Galerkin finite element method, and the equations solved are compressible Navier-Stokes, Reynolds-averaged with a modified version of the Spalart-Allmaras one-equation model. Mesh refinement requirements are studied through automated output-based adaptation in which a discrete adjoint solution associated with an output (e.g., the drag coefficient) weights a fine-space residual and automatically selects the elements that need more resolution. The roles of high-order and mesh anisotropy are also investigated. Finally, differences are investigated between two mesh refinement strategies: hanging-node refinement of structured meshes versus metric-based remeshing of unstructured triangles. C1 [Ceze, Marco A.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Fidkowski, Krzysztof J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ceze, Marco A.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ceze, MA (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.; Ceze, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM marco.a.ceze@nasa.gov FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-11-1-0081] FX The authors acknowledge support from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant FA9550-11-1-0081. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 54 IS 9 BP 2611 EP 2625 DI 10.2514/1.J054517 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DV8GN UT WOS:000383175600004 ER PT J AU Eisfeld, B Rumsey, C Togiti, V AF Eisfeld, Bernhard Rumsey, Chris Togiti, Vamshi TI Verification and Validation of a Second-Moment Closure Model (vol 54, pg 1524, 2016) SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Eisfeld, Bernhard; Togiti, Vamshi] DLR Inst Aerodynam & Flow Technol, D-38108 Braunschweig, Germany. [Rumsey, Chris] NASA Langley Res Ctr, MS 128, Hampton, VA USA. RP Eisfeld, B (reprint author), DLR Inst Aerodynam & Flow Technol, D-38108 Braunschweig, Germany. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 54 IS 9 BP 2925 EP 2925 DI 10.2514/1.J055336 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DV8GN UT WOS:000383175600030 ER PT J AU Young, KE Evans, CA Hodges, KV Bleacher, JE Graff, TG AF Young, Kelsey E. Evans, Cynthia A. Hodges, Kip V. Bleacher, Jacob E. Graff, Trevor G. TI A review of the handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometer as a tool for field geologic investigations on Earth and in planetary surface exploration SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (hXRF); In situ geochemistry; Planetary field geology; In situ field geologic instrument; Field portable technology; Field spectroscopy ID PORTABLE XRF; ROCKS; SAMPLES; DETECTOR; MARS; SOIL AB X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy is a well-established and commonly used technique in obtaining diagnostic compositional data on geological samples. Recently, developments in X-ray tube and detector technologies have resulted in miniaturized, field-portable instruments that enable new applications both in and out of standard laboratory settings. These applications, however, have not been extensively applied to geologic field campaigns. This study investigates the feasibility of using developing handheld XRF (hXRF) technology to enhance terrestrial field geology, with potential applications in planetary surface exploration missions. We demonstrate that the hXRF is quite stable, providing reliable and accurate data continuously over a several year period. Additionally, sample preparation is proved to have a marked effect on the strategy for collecting and assimilating hXRF data. While the hXRF is capable of obtaining data that are comparable to laboratory XRF analysis for several geologically-important elements (such as Si, Ca, Ti, and K), the instrument is unable to detect other elements (such as Mg and Na) reliably. While this limits the use of the hXRF, especially when compared to laboratory XRF techniques, the hXRF is still capable of providing the field user with significantly improved contextual awareness of a field site, and more work is needed to fully evaluate the potential of this instrument in more complex geologic environments. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. C1 [Young, Kelsey E.; Hodges, Kip V.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Evans, Cynthia A.; Graff, Trevor G.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Bleacher, Jacob E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Graff, Trevor G.] Jacobs Engn Grp Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Young, Kelsey E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Young, Kelsey E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Young, KE (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.; Young, KE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Young, KE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Kelsey.E.Young@nasa.gov RI Bleacher, Jacob/D-1051-2012 OI Bleacher, Jacob/0000-0002-8499-4828 FU GSRP (Graduate Student Researcher's Program) [NNX10AK72H] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Chris Condit for his thoughtful review. The majority of this work was completed under the GSRP (Graduate Student Researcher's Program) Grant Number NNX10AK72H as well as under the RIS4E SSERVI team (Remote, In Situ and Synchrotron Studies for Science and Exploration Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute), led by Dr. Timothy Glotch at Stony Brook University. The authors of this paper would also like to acknowledge Dr. Richard Morris. Without his permission for access to the sample standards, this work would not have been possible. In addition, we thank Dr. Stanley Mertzman for his thoughtful discussions about calibrating against laboratory data. We would also like to thank Dr. Carlton Allen and Andrea Mosie for their assistance in both obtaining access to and working with the lunar samples at NASA Johnson Space Center. Finally, we thank Cameron Mercer for his figure organization insights. This is SSERVI publication number SSERVI-2016-061. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 21 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 72 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.07.003 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DW3DI UT WOS:000383521900008 ER PT J AU Chirayath, V Earle, SA AF Chirayath, Ved Earle, Sylvia A. TI Drones that see through waves - preliminary results from airborne fluid lensing for centimetre-scale aquatic conservation SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th IUCN World Parks Congress CY NOV, 2014 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP IUCN DE fluid lensing; airborne remote sensing; coastal bathymetry; coral reef; stromatolite; American Samoa; Shark Bay AB 1. The use of fluid lensing technology on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, or drones) is presented as a novel means for 3D imaging of aquatic ecosystems from above the water's surface at the centimetre scale. Preliminary results are presented from airborne fluid lensing campaigns conducted over the coral reefs of Ofu Island, American Samoa (2013) and the stromatolite reefs of Shark Bay, Western Australia (2014), covering a combined area of 15 km(2). These reef ecosystems were revealed with centimetre-scale 2D resolution, and an accompanying 3D bathymetry model was derived using fluid lensing, Structure from Motion and UAV position data. Data products were validated from in situ survey methods including underwater calibration targets, depth measurements and millimetre-scale high-dynamic-range gigapixel photogrammetry. 2. Fluid lensing is an experimental technology that uses water-transmitting wavelengths to passively image underwater objects at high-resolution by exploiting time-varying optical lensing events caused by surface waves. Fluid lensing data are captured from low-altitude, cost-effective electric UAVs to achieve multispectral imagery and bathymetry models at the centimetre scale over regional areas. As a passive system, fluid lensing is presently limited by signal-to-noise ratio and water column inherent optical properties to similar to 10 m depth over visible wavelengths in clear waters. 3. The datasets derived from fluid lensing present the first centimetre-scale images of a reef acquired from above the ocean surface, without wave distortion. The 3D multispectral data distinguish coral, fish and invertebrates in American Samoa, and reveal previously undocumented, morphologically distinct, stromatolite structures in Shark Bay. These findings suggest fluid lensing and multirotor electric drones represent a promising advance in the remote sensing of aquatic environments at the centimetre scale, or 'reef scale' relevant to the conservation of reef ecosystems. Pending further development and validation of fluid lensing methods, these technologies present a solution for large-scale 3D surveys of shallow aquatic habitats with centimetre-scale spatial resolution and hourly temporal sampling. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Chirayath, Ved] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Lab Adv Sensing, Div Earth Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Chirayath, V (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mailstop 232-22, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. EM ved.chirayath@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 26 SU 2 BP 237 EP 250 DI 10.1002/aqc.2654 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DW5FL UT WOS:000383668500017 ER PT J AU McCaig, HC Stockton, A Crilly, C Chung, S Kanik, I Lin, Y Zhong, F AF McCaig, Heather C. Stockton, Amanda Crilly, Candice Chung, Shirley Kanik, Isik Lin, Ying Zhong, Fang TI Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Coronene in the Presence of Perchlorate for In Situ Chemical Analysis of Martian Regolith SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomarkers; Carbon dioxide; In situ measurement; Mars; Search for Mars' organics ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC-MATTER; SUBCRITICAL WATER; METEORITE ALH84001; FLUID EXTRACTION; GALE CRATER; MARS; MOLECULES; ORIGIN AB The analysis of the organic compounds present in the martian regolith is essential for understanding the history and habitability of Mars, as well as studying the signs of possible extant or extinct life. To date, pyrolysis, the only technique that has been used to extract organic compounds from the martian regolith, has not enabled the detection of unaltered native martian organics. The elevated temperatures required for pyrolysis extraction can cause native martian organics to react with perchlorate salts in the regolith and possibly result in the chlorohydrocarbons that have been detected by in situ instruments. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) extraction is an alternative to pyrolysis that may be capable of delivering unaltered native organic species to an in situ detector. In this study, we report the SCCO2 extraction of unaltered coronene, a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), from martian regolith simulants, in the presence of 3 parts per thousand (ppth) sodium perchlorate. PAHs are a class of nonpolar molecules of astrobiological interest and are delivered to the martian surface by meteoritic infall. We also determined that the extraction efficiency of coronene was unaffected by the presence of perchlorate on the regolith simulant, and that no sodium perchlorate was extracted by SCCO2. This indicates that SCCO2 extraction can provide de-salted samples that could be directly delivered to a variety of in situ detectors. SCCO2 was also used to extract trace native fluorescent organic compounds from the martian regolith simulant JSC Mars-1, providing further evidence that SCCO2 extraction may provide an alternative to pyrolysis to enable the delivery of unaltered native organic compounds to an in situ detector on a future Mars rover. C1 [McCaig, Heather C.; Crilly, Candice; Chung, Shirley; Kanik, Isik; Lin, Ying; Zhong, Fang] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Stockton, Amanda] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Crilly, Candice] Occidental Coll, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA. RP Zhong, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 70-24,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.; Lin, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 321-550,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ying.lin@jpl.nasa.gov; fang.zhong@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NASA Astrobiology Science and Technology Instrument Development program FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and was supported by the NASA Astrobiology Science and Technology Instrument Development program. The JPL author's copyright for this paper is held by the California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship is acknowledged. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 EI 1557-8070 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD SEP PY 2016 VL 16 IS 9 BP 703 EP 714 DI 10.1089/ast.2015.1443 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA DW9IK UT WOS:000383971100004 PM 27623199 ER PT J AU Misra, AK Acosta-Maeda, TE Sharma, SK Mckay, CP Gasda, PJ Taylor, GJ Lucey, PG Flynn, L Abedin, MN Clegg, SM Wiens, R AF Misra, Anupam K. Acosta-Maeda, Tayro E. Sharma, Shiv K. Mckay, Christopher P. Gasda, Patrick J. Taylor, G. Jeffrey Lucey, Paul G. Flynn, Luke Abedin, M. Nurul Clegg, Samuel M. Wiens, Roger TI "Standoff Biofinder" for Fast, Noncontact, Nondestructive, Large-Area Detection of Biological Materials for Planetary Exploration SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Standoff Biofinder; Luminescence; Time-resolved fluorescence; Biofluorescence; Planetary exploration; Planetary protection; Noncontact nondestructive biodetection ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE; CHEMCAM INSTRUMENT SUITE; REMOTE RAMAN; ULTRAVIOLET FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPIC DETECTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; STEADY-STATE; EXCITATION AB We developed a prototype instrument called the Standoff Biofinder, which can quickly locate biological material in a 500 cm(2) area from a 2 m standoff distance with a detection time of 0.1 s. All biogenic materials give strong fluorescence signals when excited with UV and visible lasers. In addition, the luminescence decay time of biogenic compounds is much shorter (<100 ns) than the micro-to millisecond decay time of transition metal ions and rare-earth ions in minerals and rocks. The Standoff Biofinder takes advantage of the short lifetime of biofluorescent materials to obtain real-time fluorescence images that show the locations of biological materials among luminescent minerals in a geological context. The Standoff Biofinder instrument will be useful for locating biological material during future NASA rover, lander, and crewed missions. Additionally, the instrument can be used for nondestructive detection of biological materials in unique samples, such as those obtained by sample return missions from the outer planets and asteroids. The Standoff Biofinder also has the capacity to detect microbes and bacteria on space instruments for planetary protection purposes. C1 [Misra, Anupam K.; Acosta-Maeda, Tayro E.; Sharma, Shiv K.; Taylor, G. Jeffrey; Lucey, Paul G.; Flynn, Luke] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Mckay, Christopher P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gasda, Patrick J.; Clegg, Samuel M.; Wiens, Roger] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Abedin, M. Nurul] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Misra, AK (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, 1680 East West Rd,POST 602, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM anupam@hawaii.edu OI Gasda, Patrick/0000-0003-0895-1153; Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 FU NASA EPSCoR grant [NNX13AM98A] FX This work has been supported by NASA EPSCoR grant NNX13AM98A. The authors would like to thank Nancy Hulbirt and May Izumi for their valuable help with figures and editing. Authors would like to thank the reviewers for their valuable time in providing critical review and constructive comments, which greatly helped improve the manuscript. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 EI 1557-8070 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD SEP PY 2016 VL 16 IS 9 BP 715 EP 729 DI 10.1089/ast.2015.1400 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA DW9IK UT WOS:000383971100005 PM 27623200 ER PT J AU Bannister, MT Kavelaars, JJ Petit, JM Gladman, BJ Gwyn, SDJ Chen, YT Volk, K Alexandersen, M Benecchi, SD Delsanti, A Fraser, WC Granvik, M Grundy, WM Guilbert-Lepoutre, A Hestroffer, D Ip, WH Jakubik, M Jones, RL Kaib, N Kavelaars, CF Lacerda, P Lawler, S Lehner, MJ Lin, HW Lister, T Lykawka, PS Monty, S Marsset, M Murray-Clay, R Noll, KS Parker, A Pike, RE Rousselot, P Rusk, D Schwamb, ME Shankman, C Sicardy, B Vernazza, P Wang, SY AF Bannister, Michele T. Kavelaars, J. J. Petit, Jean-Marc Gladman, Brett J. Gwyn, Stephen D. J. Chen, Ying-Tung Volk, Kathryn Alexandersen, Mike Benecchi, Susan D. Delsanti, Audrey Fraser, Wesley C. Granvik, Mikael Grundy, Will M. Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurelie Hestroffer, Daniel Ip, Wing-Huen Jakubik, Marian Jones, R. Lynne Kaib, Nathan Kavelaars, Catherine F. Lacerda, Pedro Lawler, Samantha Lehner, Matthew J. Lin, Hsing Wen Lister, Tim Lykawka, Patryk Sofia Monty, Stephanie Marsset, Michael Murray-Clay, Ruth Noll, Keith S. Parker, Alex Pike, Rosemary E. Rousselot, Philippe Rusk, David Schwamb, Megan E. Shankman, Cory Sicardy, Bruno Vernazza, Pierre Wang, Shiang-Yu TI THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM ORIGINS SURVEY. I. DESIGN AND FIRST-QUARTER DISCOVERIES SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Kuiper Belt: general; surveys ID KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION; TRANS-NEPTUNIAN POPULATIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DATA RELEASE; DYNAMICAL CLASSIFICATION; ORBITAL STRUCTURE; SCATTERED DISK; PLANE; SEARCH AB We report the discovery, tracking, and detection circumstances for 85 trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) from the first 42 deg(2) of the Outer Solar System Origins Survey. This ongoing r-band solar system survey uses the 0.9 deg(2) field of view MegaPrime camera on the 3.6m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. Our orbital elements for these TNOs are precise to a fractional semimajor axis uncertainty <0.1%. We achieve this precision in just two oppositions, as compared to the normal three to five oppositions, via a dense observing cadence and innovative astrometric technique. These discoveries are free of ephemeris bias, a first for large trans-Neptunian surveys. We also provide the necessary information to enable models of TNO orbital distributions to be tested against our TNO sample. We confirm the existence of a cold "kernel" of objects within the main cold classical Kuiper Belt and infer the existence of an extension of the "stirred" cold classical Kuiper Belt to at least several au beyond the 2:1 mean motion resonance with Neptune. We find that the population model of Petit et al. remains a plausible representation of the Kuiper Belt. The full survey, to be completed in 2017, will provide an exquisitely characterized sample of important resonant TNO populations, ideal for testing models of giant planet migration during the early history of the solar system. C1 [Bannister, Michele T.; Kavelaars, J. J.; Kavelaars, Catherine F.; Monty, Stephanie; Pike, Rosemary E.; Rusk, David; Shankman, Cory] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Elliott Bldg,3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Bannister, Michele T.; Kavelaars, J. J.; Gwyn, Stephen D. J.; Lawler, Samantha] Natl Res Council Canada, NRC Herzberg Astron & Astrophys, 5071 West Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Petit, Jean-Marc; Rousselot, Philippe] Univ Bourgogne Franche Comte, CNRS, Inst UTINAM UMR6213, OSU Theta, F-25000 Besancon, France. [Gladman, Brett J.; Alexandersen, Mike] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Chen, Ying-Tung; Alexandersen, Mike; Lehner, Matthew J.; Schwamb, Megan E.; Wang, Shiang-Yu] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, 1 Roosevelt Rd,Sec 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Chen, Ying-Tung; Alexandersen, Mike; Lehner, Matthew J.; Schwamb, Megan E.; Wang, Shiang-Yu] Natl Taiwan Univ, AS NTU11F, 1 Roosevelt Rd,Sec 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Volk, Kathryn] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, 1629 Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Benecchi, Susan D.] Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 East Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Delsanti, Audrey] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Fraser, Wesley C.; Lacerda, Pedro] Queens Univ Belfast, Astrophys Res Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Granvik, Mikael] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Granvik, Mikael] Finnish Geospatial Res Inst, POB 15, FI-02430 Masala, Finland. [Grundy, Will M.] Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hestroffer, Daniel] Univ Lille 1, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IMCCE,Observ Paris,PSL Res Univ, F-75014 Paris, France. [Ip, Wing-Huen; Lin, Hsing Wen] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Taoyuan, Taiwan. [Ip, Wing-Huen] Macau Univ Sci & Technol, Space Sci Inst, Macau, Peoples R China. [Jakubik, Marian] Slovak Acad Sci, Astron Inst, Tatranska Lomnica 05960, Slovakia. [Jones, R. Lynne] Univ Washington, Washington, DC USA. [Kaib, Nathan] Univ Oklahoma, HL Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lehner, Matthew J.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lehner, Matthew J.; Lister, Tim] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope Network Inc, 6740 Cortona Dr Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Lykawka, Patryk Sofia] Kinki Univ, Sch Interdisciplinary Social & Human Sci, Astron Grp, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577, Japan. [Marsset, Michael] ESO, Alonso de Cordova 3107,1900 Casilla Vitacura, Santiago, Chile. [Murray-Clay, Ruth] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Noll, Keith S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Parker, Alex] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Sicardy, Bruno] Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 8109, LESIA,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Bannister, MT (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Elliott Bldg,3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. EM micheleb@uvic.ca OI Volk, Kathryn/0000-0001-8736-236X; Bannister, Michele/0000-0003-3257-4490; Sofia Lykawka, Patryk/0000-0003-0926-2448 FU National Research Council of Canada; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Academia Sinica Postdoctoral Fellowship FX This research was supported by funding from the National Research Council of Canada and the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada. This project could not have been a success without the dedicated staff of the Canada France Hawaii telescope. The authors recognize and acknowledge the sacred nature of Maunakea, and appreciate the opportunity to observe from the mountain. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System, GNU parallel (Tange 2011), and many Python packages, particularly astropy (The Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013), matplotlib (Hunter 2007) and SciPy (Jones et al. 2001); we thank their contributors for their open-source efforts. MES is supported in part by an Academia Sinica Postdoctoral Fellowship. Based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of the Canada France Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) and CEA/DAPNIA, at CFHT which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institute National des Sciences de l'universe of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data produced and hosted at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 152 IS 3 AR 70 DI 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/70 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW7AV UT WOS:000383804300018 ER PT J AU McCandliss, SR Feldman, PD Weaver, H Fleming, B Redwine, K Li, MJ Kutyrev, A Moseley, SH AF McCandliss, Stephan R. Feldman, Paul D. Weaver, Harold Fleming, Brian Redwine, Keith Li, Mary J. Kutyrev, Alexander Moseley, S. Harvey TI FAR-ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS OF COMET C/2012 S1 (ISON) FROM FORTIS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE general; comets: individual (C/2012 S1 (ISON), C/2001 Q4 (NEAT), C/2004 Q2 (MACHHOLZ)); molecular processes; Oort Cloud ID SPECTROSCOPY; EVOLUTION; HYDROGEN AB We have used the unique far-UV imaging capability offered by a sounding-rocket-borne instrument to acquire observations of C/2012 S1 (ISON) when its angular separation with respect to the Sun was 26.degrees 3 on 2013 November 20.49. At the time of observation, the comet's heliocentric distance and velocity relative to the Sun were r(h) = 0.43 au and (r) over dot(h) = -62.7 km s(-1). Images dominated by C I lambda 1657 and H I lambda 1216 were acquired over a 10(6) x 10(6) km(2) region. The water production rate implied by the Ly alpha observations is constrained to be Q(H2O)approximate to 8 x 10(29) s(-1) while the neutral carbon production rate was Q(C) approximate to 4 x 10(28) s(-1). The radial profile of C I was consistent with it being a dissociation product of a parent molecule with a lifetime tau similar to 5 x 10(4) s, favoring a parent other than CO. We constrain the Q(CO) production rate to 5(-7.5)(+1.5) x 10(28) s(-1) with 1 sigma errors derived from photon statistics. The upper limit on the Q(CO)/Q(H2O) is less than or similar to 6%. C1 [McCandliss, Stephan R.; Feldman, Paul D.; Redwine, Keith] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Weaver, Harold] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Fleming, Brian] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Mary J.; Kutyrev, Alexander; Moseley, S. Harvey] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McCandliss, SR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM stephan@pha.jhu.edu OI Feldman, Paul/0000-0002-9318-259X FU Johns Hopkins University through NASA [NNX11AG54G, NNX14A178G] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the sacrifices made by the personnel associated with the NASA Sounding Rocket Program Office, their Contractors, the Navy Launcher Team, and the Army Range Control at White Sands Missile Range, all of whom showed exemplary dedication in carrying out this time critical mission. We would also like to acknowledge the innumerable, essential, and critical contributions of our JHU project engineer, Russell Pelton, in providing support to this mission. Funding for this work was provided to the Johns Hopkins University through NASA sounding rocket grants No. NNX11AG54G and NNX14A178G. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 152 IS 3 AR 65 DI 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/65 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW7AV UT WOS:000383804300013 ER PT J AU Nugent, CR Mainzer, A Bauer, J Cutri, RM Kramer, EA Grav, T Masiero, J Sonnett, S Wright, EL AF Nugent, C. R. Mainzer, A. Bauer, J. Cutri, R. M. Kramer, E. A. Grav, T. Masiero, J. Sonnett, S. Wright, E. L. TI NEOWISE REACTIVATION MISSION YEAR TWO: ASTEROID DIAMETERS AND ALBEDOS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE minor planets, asteroids: general; surveys ID MAIN-BELT ASTEROIDS; NEAR-EARTH OBJECTS; THERMAL-MODEL CALIBRATION; INFRARED-SURVEY-EXPLORER; WISE/NEOWISE OBSERVATIONS; ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDES; POPULATION; PERFORMANCE; FAMILIES; IDENTIFICATION AB The Near-Earth Object Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE) mission continues to detect, track, and characterize minor planets. We present diameters and albedos calculated from observations taken during the second year since the spacecraft was reactivated in late 2013. These include 207 near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) and 8885 other asteroids. Of the NEAs, 84% NEAs did not have previously measured diameters and albedos by the NEOWISE mission. Comparison of sizes and albedos calculated from NEOWISE measurements with those measured by occultations, spacecraft, and radar-derived shapes shows accuracy consistent with previous NEOWISE publications. Diameters and albedos fall within +/-similar to 20% and +/-similar to 40%, 1-sigma, respectively, of those measured by these alternate techniques. NEOWISE continues to preferentially discover near-Earth objects which are large (>100 m), and have low albedos. C1 [Nugent, C. R.; Cutri, R. M.] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J.; Sonnett, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Grav, T.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Wright, E. L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Nugent, CR (reprint author), CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM cnugent@ipac.caltech.edu OI Cutri, Roc/0000-0002-0077-2305 FU NASA; Planetary Science Division of NASA; JPL Office of the CIO; U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. National Science Foundation; Ministry of Science and Education of Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom; Higher Education Funding Council for England; National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago; Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University; Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas AM University; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos; Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico; Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey; Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao (Brazil) [GS-2015A-LP-3, GS-2015B-LP-3] FX This publication makes use of data products from the Wide field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and JPL/California Institute of Technology, funded by NASA. This publication also makes use of data products from NEOWISE, which is a project of the JPL/California Institute of Technology, funded by the Planetary Science Division of NASA. The JPL High Performance Computing Facility used for our simulations is supported by the JPL Office of the CIO.; This project used data obtained with the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), which was constructed by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) collaboration. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and the Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Fisica d' Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat Munchen and the associated Excellence Cluster universe, the University of Michigan, the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, the University of Nottingham, the Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, and Texas A&M University.; This publication makes use of observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Productiva (Argentina), and Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao (Brazil). Observing Program IDs: GS-2015A-LP-3, GS-2015B-LP-3. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 152 IS 3 AR 63 DI 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW7AV UT WOS:000383804300011 ER PT J AU Schneider, G Grady, CA Stark, CC Gaspar, A Carson, J Debes, JH Henning, T Hines, DC Jang-Condell, H Kuchner, MJ Perrin, M Rodigas, TJ Tamura, M Wisniewski, JP AF Schneider, Glenn Grady, Carol A. Stark, Christopher C. Gaspar, Andras Carson, Joseph Debes, John H. Henning, Thomas Hines, Dean C. Jang-Condell, Hannah Kuchner, Marc J. Perrin, Marshall Rodigas, Timothy J. Tamura, Motohide Wisniewski, John P. TI DEEP HST/STIS VISIBLE-LIGHT IMAGING OF DEBRIS SYSTEMS AROUND SOLAR ANALOG HOSTS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods: observational; planet-disk interactions; stars: individual (HD 207129, HD 202628, HD 202917); stars: solar-type ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; HD 207129; SPACE-TELESCOPE; MOVING GROUP; DISK; PLANETS; RING; DUST; AGE AB We present new Hubble Space Telescope observations of three a priori known starlight-scattering circumstellar debris systems (CDSs) viewed at intermediate inclinations around nearby close-solar analog stars: HD 207129, HD 202628, and HD 202917. Each of these CDSs possesses ring-like components that are more massive analogs of our solar system's Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt. These systems were chosen for follow-up observations to provide imaging with higher fidelity and better sensitivity for the sparse sample of solar-analog CDSs that range over two decades in systemic ages, with HD 202628 and HD 207129 (both similar to 2.3 Gyr) currently the oldest CDSs imaged in visible or near-IR light. These deep (10-14 ks) observations, made with six-roll point-spread-function template visible-light coronagraphy. using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, were designed to better reveal their angularly large debris rings of diffuse/low surface brightness, and for all targets probe their exo-ring environments for starlight-scattering materials that present observational challenges for current ground-based facilities and instruments. Contemporaneously also observing with a narrower occulter position, these observations additionally probe the CDS endo-ring environments that are seen to be relatively devoid of scatterers. We discuss the morphological, geometrical, and photometric properties of these CDSs also in the context of other CDSs hosted by FGK stars that we have previously imaged as a homogeneously observed ensemble. From this combined sample we report a general decay in quiescent-disk F-disk/F-star optical brightness similar to t(-0.8), similar to what is seen at thermal IR wavelengths, and CDSs with a significant diversity in scattering phase asymmetries, and spatial distributions of their starlight-scattering grains. C1 [Schneider, Glenn; Gaspar, Andras] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 North Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Schneider, Glenn; Gaspar, Andras] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, 933 North Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Grady, Carol A.] Eureka Sci, 2452 Delmer,Suite 100, Oakland, CA 96002 USA. [Stark, Christopher C.; Kuchner, Marc J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Carson, Joseph] Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, 66 George St, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Debes, John H.; Hines, Dean C.; Perrin, Marshall] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Henning, Thomas] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Jang-Condell, Hannah] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Rodigas, Timothy J.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Tamura, Motohide] Univ Tokyo, Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Wisniewski, John P.] Univ Oklahoma, HL Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, 440 West Brooks St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Schneider, G (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 North Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.; Schneider, G (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, 933 North Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM gschneider@as.arizona.edu OI Gaspar, Andras/0000-0001-8612-3236 FU Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA [NAS 5-26555]; NASA through STScI [13786]; South Carolina Space Grant Consortium; [12228] FX Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with programs #13786 and 12228. Support for program #13786 was provided by NASA through a grant from STScI. J. Carson acknowledges support from the South Carolina Space Grant Consortium. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 152 IS 3 AR 64 DI 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/64 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW7AV UT WOS:000383804300012 ER PT J AU Hinkel, NR Young, PA Pagano, MD Desch, SJ Anbar, AD Adibekyan, V Blanco-Cuaresma, S Carlberg, JK Mena, ED Liu, F Nordlander, T Sousa, SG Korn, A Gruyters, P Heiter, U Jofre, P Santos, NC Soubiran, C AF Hinkel, Natalie R. Young, Patrick A. Pagano, Michael D. Desch, Steven J. Anbar, Ariel D. Adibekyan, Vardan Blanco-Cuaresma, Sergi Carlberg, Joleen K. Mena, Elisa Delgado Liu, Fan Nordlander, Thomas Sousa, Sergio G. Korn, Andreas Gruyters, Pieter Heiter, Ulrike Jofre, Paula Santos, Nuno C. Soubiran, Caroline TI A COMPARISON OF STELLAR ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCE TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMENTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE stars: abundances; stars: individual (HD 361, HD 10700, HD 121504, HD 202206); techniques: spectroscopic ID METAL-POOR STARS; PLANET-HOST STARS; GENEVA-COPENHAGEN SURVEY; GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN COLLISIONS; I OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; WAY THICK DISK; DWARF STARS; OXYGEN ABUNDANCES AB Stellar elemental abundances are important for understanding the fundamental properties of a star or stellar group, such as age and evolutionary history, as well as the composition of an orbiting planet. However, as abundance measurement techniques have progressed, there has been little standardization between individual methods and their comparisons. As a result, different stellar abundance procedures determine measurements that vary beyond the quoted error for the same elements within the same stars. The purpose of this paper is to better understand the systematic variations between methods and offer recommendations for producing more accurate results in the future. We invited a number of participants from around the world (Australia, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States) to calculate 10 element abundances (C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Fe, Ni, Ba, and Eu) using the same stellar spectra for four stars (HD 361, HD 10700, HD 121504, and HD 202206). Each group produced measurements for each star using (1) their own autonomous techniques, (2) standardized stellar parameters, (3) a standardized line list, and (4) both standardized parameters and a line list. We present the resulting stellar parameters, absolute abundances, and a metric of data similarity that quantifies the homogeneity of the data. We conclude that standardization of some kind, particularly stellar parameters, improves the consistency between methods. However, because results did not converge as more free parameters were standardized, it is clear there are inherent issues within the techniques that need to be reconciled. Therefore, we encourage more conversation and transparency within the community such that stellar abundance determinations can be reproducible as well as accurate and precise. C1 [Hinkel, Natalie R.; Young, Patrick A.; Pagano, Michael D.; Desch, Steven J.; Anbar, Ariel D.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Adibekyan, Vardan; Mena, Elisa Delgado; Sousa, Sergio G.; Santos, Nuno C.] Univ Porto, Inst Astrofis & Ciencias Espaco, CAUP, Rua Estrelas, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. [Blanco-Cuaresma, Sergi] Univ Geneva, Observ Geneve, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Carlberg, Joleen K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Carlberg, Joleen K.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Liu, Fan] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Nordlander, Thomas; Korn, Andreas; Gruyters, Pieter; Heiter, Ulrike] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Gruyters, Pieter] Lund Observ, Dept Astron & Theoret Phys, Box 43, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Jofre, Paula] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Santos, Nuno C.] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis & Astron, Rua Campo Alegre, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Soubiran, Caroline] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, LAB, UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France. RP Hinkel, NR (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM natalie.hinkel@gmail.com FU NASA's Science Mission Directorate; Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) [SFRH/BPD/76606/2011, SFRH/BPD/70574/2010]; Swedish National Space Board (SNSB); FCT [IF/00169/2012, IF/00028/2014, PTDC/FIS-AST/7073/2014 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007672), PTDC/FIS-AST/1526/2014]; POPH/FSE (EC) by FEDER funding through the program "Programa Operacional de Factores de Competitividade" FX The authors would like to thank Paul Butler for providing the original stellar spectra in addition to Eric Mamajek for his help determining accurate stellar types for our sample. They would also like to thank the anonymous referee for support and guidance, which has greatly improved the manuscript. NRH would like to thank CHW3. The ASU team (NRH, PAY, MDP, SJD, and ADA) acknowledge that the results reported herein benefited from collaborations and/or information exchange within NASA's Nexus for Exoplanet System Science (NExSS) research coordination network sponsored by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. EDM and VA acknowledge the support from the Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) in the form of the grants SFRH/BPD/76606/2011 and SFRH/BPD/70574/2010, respectively. JKC acknowledges partial support from an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Universities Space Research Association through a contract with NASA. TN, AK, and UH acknowledge support by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB). NCS and SGS acknowledge the support from FCT through Investigador FCT contracts of reference IF/00169/2012 and IF/00028/2014, respectively, and POPH/FSE (EC) by FEDER funding through the program "Programa Operacional de Factores de Competitividade." The Porto group also acknowledges the support from FCT in the form of grant reference PTDC/FIS-AST/7073/2014 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007672) and project PTDC/FIS-AST/1526/2014. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database and VizieR catalog access tools operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, as well as the Exoplanet Orbit Database at exoplanets.org. NR 179 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 226 IS 1 AR 4 DI 10.3847/0067-0049/226/1/4 PG 66 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW9XF UT WOS:000384015400004 ER PT J AU Paganini, L Mumma, MJ AF Paganini, L. Mumma, M. J. TI A SOLAR-PUMPED FLUORESCENCE MODEL FOR LINE-BY-LINE EMISSION INTENSITIES IN THE B-X, A-X, AND X-X BAND SYSTEMS OF (CN)-C-12-N-14 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE astronomical databases: miscellaneous; comets: general; molecular data; molecular processes; comets: individual; C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy); techniques: spectroscopic ID OH PROMPT EMISSION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; VIOLET SYSTEMS; COMETS; CN; SPECTRUM; CYANOGEN; WATER; EXCITATION; MOLECULES AB We present a new quantitative model for detailed solar-pumped fluorescent emission of the main isotopologue of CN. The derived fluorescence efficiencies permit estimation and interpretation of ro-vibrational infrared line intensities of CN in exospheres exposed to solar (or stellar) radiation. Our g-factors are applicable to astronomical observations of CN extending from infrared to optical wavelengths, and we compare them with previous calculations in the literature. The new model enables extraction of rotational temperature, column abundance, and production rate from astronomical observations of CN in the inner coma of comets. Our model accounts for excitation and de-excitation of rotational levels in the ground vibrational state by collisions, solar excitation to the A(2)Pi(i) and B-2 Sigma(+) electronically excited states followed by cascade to ro-vibrational levels of X-2 Sigma(+), and direct solar infrared pumping of ro-vibrational levels in the X-2 Sigma(+) state. The model uses advanced solar spectra acquired at high spectral resolution at the relevant infrared and optical wavelengths and considers the heliocentric radial velocity of the comet (the Swings effect) when assessing the exciting solar flux for a given transition. We present model predictions for the variation of fluorescence rates with rotational temperature and heliocentric radial velocity. Furthermore, we test our fluorescence model by comparing predicted and measured line-by-line intensities for X-2 Sigma(+) (1-0) in comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy), thereby identifying multiple emission lines observed at IR wavelengths. C1 [Paganini, L.; Mumma, M. J.] NASA, Goddard Ctr Astrobiol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Paganini, L.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Paganini, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Ctr Astrobiol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Paganini, L (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. FU NASA's Planetary Astronomy Program; Keck PI Data Award FX The authors would like to thank David Schleicher and James S. A. Brooke for interesting insights about this work. We also acknowledge support by NASA's Planetary Astronomy Program (L.P., M.J.M.) and Keck PI Data Award (L.P.), administered by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. Data were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory from telescope time allocated to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the agency's scientific partnership with the California Institute of Technology and the University of California. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 226 IS 1 AR 3 DI 10.3847/0067-0049/226/1/3 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW9XF UT WOS:000384015400003 ER PT J AU Haarig, M Engelmann, R Ansmann, A Veselovskii, I Whiteman, DN Althausen, D AF Haarig, Moritz Engelmann, Ronny Ansmann, Albert Veselovskii, Igor Whiteman, David N. Althausen, Dietrich TI 1064 nm rotational Raman lidar for particle extinction and lidar-ratio profiling: cirrus case study SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; ELASTIC-BACKSCATTER LIDAR; INDIAN AEROSOL PLUME; MULTIWAVELENGTH LIDAR; WATER-VAPOR; SAHARAN DUST; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; 6-WAVELENGTH LIDAR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RETRIEVAL AB For the first time, vertical profiles of the 1064 nm particle extinction coefficient obtained from Raman lidar observations at 1058 nm (nitrogen and oxygen rotational Raman backscatter) are presented. We applied the new technique in the framework of test measurements and performed several cirrus observations of particle backscatter and extinction coefficients, and corresponding extinctiont-o-backscatter ratios at the wavelengths of 355, 532, and 1064 nm. The cirrus backscatter coefficients were found to be equal for all three wavelengths keeping the retrieval uncertainties in mind. The multiple-scattering-corrected cirrus extinction coefficients at 355 nm were on average about 20-30% lower than the ones for 532 and 1064 nm. The cirrus-mean extinction-to-backscatter ratio (lidar ratio) was 31 +/- 5 sr (355 nm), 36 +/- 5 sr (532 nm), and 38 +/- 5 sr (1064 nm) in this single study. We further discussed the requirements needed to obtain aerosol extinction profiles in the lower troposphere at 1064 nm with good accuracy (20% relative uncertainty) and appropriate temporal and vertical resolution. C1 [Haarig, Moritz; Engelmann, Ronny; Ansmann, Albert; Althausen, Dietrich] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Veselovskii, Igor] Phys Instrumentat Ctr, Moscow, Russia. [Whiteman, David N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Haarig, M (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. EM haarig@tropos.de FU Russian Science Foundation [16-17-10241] FX We thank Johannes Buhl for providing Doppler lidar observations of vertical velocity and estimated ice crystal sizes. Modeling of the rotational Raman filter parameters was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 16-17-10241). NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 9 BP 4269 EP 4278 DI 10.5194/amt-9-4269-2016 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW8LC UT WOS:000383906300001 ER PT J AU Colman, DR Feyhl-Buska, J Fecteau, KM Xu, HF Shock, EL Boyd, ES AF Colman, Daniel R. Feyhl-Buska, Jayme Fecteau, Kristopher M. Xu, Huifang Shock, Everett L. Boyd, Eric S. TI Ecological differentiation in planktonic and sediment-associated chemotrophic microbial populations in Yellowstone hot springs SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Yellowstone hot springs; chemotroph; thermophiles; archaea; Aquificales; ecological differentiation ID STREAMER BIOFILM COMMUNITIES; NATIONAL-PARK; GEOTHERMAL SPRINGS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SP-NOV; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; GLOBAL PATTERNS; GEN. NOV.; DIVERSITY; SULFUR AB Chemosynthetic sediment and planktonic community composition and sizes, aqueous geochemistry and sediment mineralogy were determined in 15 non-photosynthetic hot springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). These data were used to evaluate the hypothesis that differences in the availability of dissolved or mineral substrates in the bulk fluids or sediments within springs coincides with ecologically differentiated microbial communities and their populations. Planktonic and sediment-associated communities exhibited differing ecological characteristics including community sizes, evenness and richness. pH and temperature influenced microbial community composition among springs, but within-spring partitioning of taxa into sediment or planktonic communities was widespread, statistically supported (P < 0.05) and could be best explained by the inferred metabolic strategies of the partitioned taxa. Microaerophilic genera of the Aquificales predominated in many of the planktonic communities. In contrast, taxa capable of mineral-based metabolism such as S-o oxidation/reduction or Fe-oxide reduction predominated in sediment communities. These results indicate that ecological differentiation within thermal spring habitats is common across a range of spring geochemistry and is influenced by the availability of dissolved nutrients and minerals that can be used in metabolism.The presence of minerals, such as elemental sulfur, that can support microbial metabolism promotes the ecological differentiation of sediment- and planktonic-associated microbial populations within Yellowstone National Park hot springs.The presence of minerals, such as elemental sulfur, that can support microbial metabolism promotes the ecological differentiation of sediment- and planktonic-associated microbial populations within Yellowstone National Park hot springs. C1 [Colman, Daniel R.; Feyhl-Buska, Jayme; Boyd, Eric S.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, POB 173520, Bozeman, MI 59717 USA. [Fecteau, Kristopher M.; Shock, Everett L.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Xu, Huifang] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Xu, Huifang; Shock, Everett L.; Boyd, Eric S.] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Shock, Everett L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Boyd, ES (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, POB 173520, Bozeman, MI 59717 USA. EM eboyd@montana.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology [NNX13AI11G]; [EAR- 1529963]; [NNA15BB02A]; [NNA13AA94A] FX This work was supported by a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology [grant number NNX13AI11G] grant to ESB and a National Science Foundation grant [grant number EAR- 1529963] to ELS. The NASA Astrobiology Institute is supported by grant numbers NNA15BB02A (to ELS and ESB) and NNA13AA94A (to HX and ESB). NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 EI 1574-6941 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 92 IS 9 AR fiw137 DI 10.1093/femsec/fiw137 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DW8IL UT WOS:000383898400011 ER PT J AU van Vliet, MTH van Beek, LPH Eisner, S Florke, M Wada, Y Bierkens, MFP AF van Vliet, M. T. H. van Beek, L. P. H. Eisner, S. Floerke, M. Wada, Y. Bierkens, M. F. P. TI Multi-model assessment of global hydropower and cooling water discharge potential under climate change SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article DE Water resources; Water temperature; Hydropower; Cooling water; Climate change; Global hydrological models ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; POWER-GENERATION; CHANGE IMPACTS; MODEL; ELECTRICITY; VALIDATION; TEMPERATURE; RESOURCES; HYDROLOGY; SCALE AB Worldwide, 98% of total electricity is currently produced by thermoelectric power and hydropower. Climate change is expected to directly impact electricity supply, in terms of both water availability for hydropower generation and cooling water usage for thermoelectric power. Improved understanding of how climate change may impact the availability and temperature of water resources is therefore of major importance. Here we use a multi-model ensemble to show the potential impacts of climate change on global hydropower and cooling water discharge potential. For the first time, combined projections of streamflow and water temperature were produced with three global hydrological models (GHMs) to account for uncertainties in the structure and parametrization of these GHMs in both water availability and water temperature. The GHMs were forced with bias-corrected output of five general circulation models (GCMs) for both the lowest and highest representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). The ensemble projections of streamflow and water temperature were then used to quantify impacts on gross hydropower potential and cooling water discharge capacity of rivers worldwide. We show that global gross hydropower potential is expected to increase between +2.4% (GCM-GHM ensemble mean for RCP 2.6) and +6.3% (RCP 8.5) for the 2080s compared to 1971-2000. The strongest increases in hydropower potential are expected for Central Africa, India, central Asia and the northern high-latitudes, with 18-33% of the world population living in these areas by the 2080s. Global mean cooling water discharge capacity is projected to decrease by 4.5-15% (2080s). The largest reductions are found for the United States, Europe, eastern Asia, and southern parts of South America, Africa and Australia, where strong water temperature increases are projected combined with reductions in mean annual streamflow. These regions are expected to affect 11-14% (for RCP2.6 and the shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP)1, SSP2, SSP4) and 41-51% (RCP8.5-SSP3, SSP5) of the world population by the 2080s. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [van Vliet, M. T. H.] Wageningen Univ, Water Syst & Global Change Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [van Vliet, M. T. H.; Wada, Y.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal IIASA, Schlosspl 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [van Beek, L. P. H.; Wada, Y.; Bierkens, M. F. P.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys Geog, POB 80115, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Eisner, S.; Floerke, M.] Univ Kassel, Ctr Environm Syst Res, Wilhelmshoher Allee 47, D-34109 Kassel, Germany. [Wada, Y.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Wada, Y.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Bierkens, M. F. P.] Deltares, Soil & Groundwater Syst Unit, POB 80015, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP van Vliet, MTH (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Water Syst & Global Change Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. EM michelle.vanvliet@wur.nl RI van Beek, Rens/B-4904-2014 OI van Beek, Rens/0000-0002-4758-108X FU Niels Stensen Fellowship; Veni-grant of NWO Earth and Life Sciences (ALW) [863.14.008] FX The Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) is kindly acknowledged for providing the bias-corrected general circulation model output and gridded population projections for this study. Dr. Michelle van Vliet was supported by a contribution from the Niels Stensen Fellowship and a Veni-grant (project 863.14.008) of NWO Earth and Life Sciences (ALW). NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3780 EI 1872-9495 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG JI Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 40 BP 156 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.07.007 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA DV9YD UT WOS:000383297200014 ER PT J AU Holzmann, GJ AF Holzmann, Gerard J. TI Brace Yourself SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Holzmann, Gerard J.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Holzmann, GJ (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM gholzmann@acm.org NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7459 EI 1937-4194 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 33 IS 5 BP 34 EP 37 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA DV7DI UT WOS:000383095900008 ER PT J AU Zhu, YY Antao, DS Chu, KH Chen, SY Hendricks, TJ Zhang, TJ Wang, EN AF Zhu, Yangying Antao, Dion S. Chu, Kuang-Han Chen, Siyu Hendricks, Terry J. Zhang, Tiejun Wang, Evelyn N. TI Surface Structure Enhanced Microchannel Flow Boiling SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE microchannel flow boiling; surface microstructures; flow instabilities; critical heat flux ID CRITICAL HEAT-FLUX; PRESSURE-DROP; PIN FIN; MICROPILLAR ARRAYS; LIQUID; PREDICTION; CHANNELS; REGIME; SINK AB We investigated the role of surface microstructures in two-phase microchannels on suppressing flow instabilities and enhancing heat transfer. We designed and fabricated microchannels with well-defined silicon micropillar arrays on the bottom heated microchannel wall to promote capillary flow for thin film evaporation while facilitating nucleation only from the sidewalls. Our experimental results show significantly reduced temperature and pressure drop fluctuation especially at high heat fluxes. A critical heat flux (CHF) of 969 W/cm(2) was achieved with a structured surface, a 57% enhancement compared to a smooth surface. We explain the experimental trends for the CHF enhancement with a liquid wicking model. The results suggest that capillary flow can be maximized to enhance heat transfer via optimizing the microstructure geometry for the development of high performance two-phase microchannel heat sinks. C1 [Zhu, Yangying; Antao, Dion S.; Chu, Kuang-Han; Chen, Siyu; Wang, Evelyn N.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hendricks, Terry J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Zhang, Tiejun] Masdar Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Bldg 1A,POB 54224, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. RP Wang, EN (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM yyzhu@mit.edu; dantao@mit.edu; flyjohn@gmail.com; chensiyu@mit.edu; terry.j.hendricks@jpl.nasa.gov; tjzhang@masdar.ac.ae; enwang@mit.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-15-1-2483]; Masdar Institute of Science and Technology (Masdar Institute), Abu Dhabi, UAE [02/MI/MI/CP/11/07633/GEN/G/00]; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA [02/MI/MI/CP/11/07633/GEN/G/00]; Battelle Memorial Institute; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) FX This work was partially funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) with Dr. Mark Spector as program manager (N00014-15-1-2483), the Cooperative Agreement between the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology (Masdar Institute), Abu Dhabi, UAE and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA,-Reference 02/MI/MI/CP/11/07633/GEN/G/00, the Battelle Memorial Institute, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART). The research was technically supported and encouraged by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors would also like to acknowledge the MIT Microsystems Technology Lab for fabrication staff support, help, and use of equipment. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 16 U2 16 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2016 VL 138 IS 9 AR 091501 DI 10.1115/1.4033497 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA DW6TS UT WOS:000383784700014 ER PT J AU Otto, SE Trefny, CJ Slater, JW AF Otto, Samuel E. Trefny, Charles J. Slater, John W. TI Inward-Turning Streamline-Traced Inlet Design Method Low-Boom Low-Drag Applications SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Propulsion and Energy Forum CY JUL 27-29, 2015 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA ID BUSEMANN-INLET; SPEEDS AB A new design method for inward-turning streamline-traced inlets is presented. Resulting designs are intended for low-supersonic low-drag low-boom applications such as that required for NASA's proposed low-boom flight demonstration aircraft. A critical feature of these designs is the internal cowl lip angle that allows for little or no flow turning on the outer nacelle. Present methods using conical-flow Busemann parent flowfields have simply truncated, or otherwise modified, the stream-traced contours to include this internal cowl angle. Such modifications disrupt the parent flowfield, reducing inlet performance and flow uniformity. The method presented herein merges a conical flowfield that includes a leading shock with a truncated Busemann flowfield in a manner that minimizes unwanted interactions. A leading internal cowl angle is now inherent in the parent flowfield, and inlet contours traced from this flowfield retain its high performance and good flow uniformity. Computational fluid dynamics analysis of a candidate inlet design is presented that verifies the design technique, and it reveals a starting issue with the basic geometry. A minor modification to the cowl lip region is shown to eliminate this phenomenon, thereby allowing starting and smooth transition to subcritical operation as backpressure is increased. An inlet critical-point total pressure recovery of 96% is achieved based on computational fluid dynamics results for a Mach 1.7 freestream design. Correction for boundary-layer displacement thickness and sizing for a given engine airflow requirement are also discussed. C1 [Otto, Samuel E.] Purdue Univ, Inlets & Nozzles Branch, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Trefny, Charles J.; Slater, John W.] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Inlets & Nozzles Branch, 21000 Brookpark Rd Mail Stop 5-11, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Otto, SE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Inlets & Nozzles Branch, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP PY 2016 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1178 EP 1189 DI 10.2514/1.B36028 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DW2MH UT WOS:000383476000015 ER PT J AU Pokhrel, R Gutermuth, R Ali, B Megeath, T Pipher, J Myers, P Fischer, WJ Henning, T Wolk, SJ Allen, L Tobin, JJ AF Pokhrel, R. Gutermuth, R. Ali, B. Megeath, T. Pipher, J. Myers, P. Fischer, W. J. Henning, T. Wolk, S. J. Allen, L. Tobin, J. J. TI A Herschel-SPIRE survey of the Mon R2 giant molecular cloud: analysis of the gas column density probability density function SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ISM: clouds; ISM: individual objects: Mon R2; ISM: structure ID YOUNG STELLAR CLUSTERS; GOULD BELT SURVEY; STAR-FORMATION; MONOCEROS R2; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; REFLECTION NEBULAE; DUST TEMPERATURE; TURBULENCE; ORION; RESOLUTION AB We present a far-IR survey of the entire Mon R2 giant molecular cloud (GMC) with Herschel-Spectral and Photometric Imaging REceiver cross-calibrated with Planck-High Frequency Instrument data. We fit the spectral energy distributions of each pixel with a greybody function and an optimal beta value of 1.8. We find that mid-range column densities obtained from far-IR dust emission and near-IR extinction are consistent. For the entire GMC, we find that the column density histogram, or column density probability distribution function (N-PDF), is lognormal below similar to 10(21) cm(-2). Above this value, the distribution takes a power law form with an index of -2.15. We analyse the gas geometry, N-PDF shape, and young stellar object (YSO) content of a selection of subregions in the cloud. We find no regions with pure lognormal N-PDFs. The regions with a combination of lognormal and one power-law N-PDF have a YSO cluster and a corresponding centrally concentrated gas clump. The regions with a combination of lognormal and two power-law N-PDF have significant numbers of typically younger YSOs but no prominent YSO cluster. These regions are composed of an aggregate of closely spaced gas filaments with no concentrated dense gas clump. We find that for our fixed scale regions, the YSO count roughly correlates with the N-PDF power-law index. The correlation appears steeper for single power-law regions relative to two power-law regions with a high column density cut-off, as a greater dense gas mass fraction is achieved in the former. A stronger correlation is found between embedded YSO count and the dense gas mass among our regions. C1 [Pokhrel, R.; Gutermuth, R.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Ali, B.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Megeath, T.] Univ Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Pipher, J.] Univ Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Myers, P.; Wolk, S. J.] Harvard Univ, CFA, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fischer, W. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Henning, T.] MPIA Heidelberg, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Allen, L.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Tobin, J. J.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Gutermuth, R (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM rgutermu@astro.umass.edu FU NASA through JPL/Caltech [1489384]; NASA [NAS8-03060]; CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA (France); CNES (France); CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC (UK); NASA (USA); BMVIT (Austria); ESA-PRODEX (Belgium); CEA/CNES (France); DLR (Germany); CICT/MCT (Spain) FX This work is based on observations made with Herschel, a European Space Agency cornerstone mission with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with significant participation by NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech (contract number 1489384). SJW was supported by NASA contract NAS8-03060. We are thankful to Stella Offner, Mark Heyer, Grant Wilson and Ronald Snell from the University of Massachusetts (UMASS), Amherst for helpful conversations, suggestions, and feedback. We also thank Amy Stutz of the Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy, Germany for important suggestions on the paper. We also thank Bernhard Schulz and David Shupe from NASA Herschel Science Center for helping us with data reduction. We are grateful to Manikarajamuthaly Sri Saravana for helping us with technical aspects. Finally, we would like to thank the anonymous referee for valuable comments and suggestions. SPIRE has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by Cardiff University (UK) and including University of Lethbridge (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, LAM(France); IFSI, University of Padua (Italy); IAC (Spain); Stockholm Observatory (Sweden); Imperial College London, RAL, UCL-MSSL, UKATC, University of Sussex (UK); Caltech, JPL, NHSC, University of Colorado (USA). This development has been supported by national funding agencies: CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC (UK); and NASA (USA). PACS has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by MPE (Germany) and including UVIE (Austria); KUL, CSL, IMEC (Belgium); CEA, OAMP (France); MPIA (Germany); IFSI, OAP/AOT, OAA/CAISMI, LENS, SISSA (Italy); IAC (Spain). This development has been supported by the funding agencies BMVIT (Austria), ESA-PRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI (Italy), and CICT/MCT (Spain). NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 461 IS 1 BP 22 EP 35 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw1303 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DV9PE UT WOS:000383272500003 ER PT J AU Archambault, S Archer, A Barnacka, A Behera, B Beilicke, M Benbow, W Berger, K Bird, R Bottcher, M Buckley, JH Bugaev, V Cardenzana, JV Cerruti, M Chen, X Christiansen, JL Ciupik, L Collins-Hughes, E Connolly, MP Cui, W Dickinson, HJ Dumm, J Eisch, JD Errando, M Falcone, A Federici, S Feng, Q Finley, JP Fleischhack, H Fortson, L Furniss, A Gillanders, GH Godambe, S Griffin, S Griffiths, ST Grube, J Gyuk, G Hakansson, N Hanna, D Holder, J Hughes, G Johnson, CA Kaaret, P Kar, P Kertzman, M Khassen, Y Kieda, D Krawczynski, H Kumar, S Lang, MJ Madhavan, AS Maier, G McArthur, S McCann, A Meagher, K Millis, J Moriarty, P Nelson, T Nieto, D de Bhroithe, AO Ong, RA Otte, AN Park, N Perkins, JS Pohl, M Popkow, A Prokoph, H Pueschel, E Quinn, J Ragan, K Rajotte, J Reyes, LC Reynolds, PT Richards, GT Roache, E Sembroski, GH Shahinyan, K Smith, AW Staszak, D Sweeney, K Telezhinsky, I Tucci, JV Tyler, J Varlotta, A Vassiliev, VV Wakely, SP Welsing, R Wilhelm, A Williams, DA Zitzer, B AF Archambault, S. Archer, A. Barnacka, A. Behera, B. Beilicke, M. Benbow, W. Berger, K. Bird, R. Bottcher, M. Buckley, J. H. Bugaev, V. Cardenzana, J. V. Cerruti, M. Chen, X. Christiansen, J. L. Ciupik, L. Collins-Hughes, E. Connolly, M. P. Cui, W. Dickinson, H. J. Dumm, J. Eisch, J. D. Errando, M. Falcone, A. Federici, S. Feng, Q. Finley, J. P. Fleischhack, H. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Gillanders, G. H. Godambe, S. Griffin, S. Griffiths, S. T. Grube, J. Gyuk, G. Hakansson, N. Hanna, D. Holder, J. Hughes, G. Johnson, C. A. Kaaret, P. Kar, P. Kertzman, M. Khassen, Y. Kieda, D. Krawczynski, H. Kumar, S. Lang, M. J. Madhavan, A. S. Maier, G. McArthur, S. McCann, A. Meagher, K. Millis, J. Moriarty, P. Nelson, T. Nieto, D. de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain Ong, R. A. Otte, A. N. Park, N. Perkins, J. S. Pohl, M. Popkow, A. Prokoph, H. Pueschel, E. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Rajotte, J. Reyes, L. C. Reynolds, P. T. Richards, G. T. Roache, E. Sembroski, G. H. Shahinyan, K. Smith, A. W. Staszak, D. Sweeney, K. Telezhinsky, I. Tucci, J. V. Tyler, J. Varlotta, A. Vassiliev, V. V. Wakely, S. P. Welsing, R. Wilhelm, A. Williams, D. A. Zitzer, B. TI Discovery of very high energy gamma rays from 1ES 1440+122 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: general; gamma-rays: general ID BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; INTERGALACTIC MAGNETIC-FIELD; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; EINSTEIN SLEW SURVEY; TEV BLAZARS; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; BRIGHT BLAZARS; SOURCE CATALOG AB The BL Lacertae object 1ES 1440+ 122 was observed in the energy range from 85 GeV to 30 TeV by the VERITAS array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The observations, taken between 2008 May and 2010 June and totalling 53 h, resulted in the discovery of gamma-ray emission from the blazar, which has a redshift z = 0.163. 1ES 1440+ 122 is detected at a statistical significance of 5.5 standard deviations above the background with an integral flux of (2.8 +/- 0.7(stat) +/- 0.8sys) x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1) (1.2 per cent of the Crab Nebula's flux) above 200 GeV. The measured spectrum is described well by a power law from 0.2 to 1.3 TeV with a photon index of 3.1 +/- 0.4(stat) +/- 0.2(sys). Quasi-simultaneous multiwavelength data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (0.3-300 GeV) and the Swift X-ray Telescope (0.2-10 keV) are additionally used to model the properties of the emission region. A synchrotron self-Compton model produces a good representation of the multiwavelength data. Adding an external-Compton or a hadronic component also adequately describes the data. C1 [Archambault, S.; Griffin, S.; Hanna, D.; Ragan, K.; Rajotte, J.; Staszak, D.; Tyler, J.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Archer, A.; Beilicke, M.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Krawczynski, H.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Barnacka, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Behera, B.; Chen, X.; Federici, S.; Fleischhack, H.; Hughes, G.; Maier, G.; de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain; Pohl, M.; Prokoph, H.; Telezhinsky, I.; Welsing, R.; Wilhelm, A.] DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Benbow, W.; Cerruti, M.; Roache, E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Berger, K.; Holder, J.; Kumar, S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Bird, R.; Collins-Hughes, E.; Khassen, Y.; Pueschel, E.; Quinn, J.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Bottcher, M.] North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Cardenzana, J. V.; Dickinson, H. J.; Eisch, J. D.; Madhavan, A. S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chen, X.; Federici, S.; Hakansson, N.; Pohl, M.; Telezhinsky, I.; Wilhelm, A.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Golm, Germany. [Christiansen, J. L.; Reyes, L. C.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 94307 USA. [Ciupik, L.; Grube, J.; Gyuk, G.] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Connolly, M. P.; Gillanders, G. H.; Lang, M. J.; Moriarty, P.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Univ Rd, Galway, Ireland. [Cui, W.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P.; Sembroski, G. H.; Tucci, J. V.; Varlotta, A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dumm, J.; Fortson, L.; Nelson, T.; Shahinyan, K.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Errando, M.] Columbia Univ, Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Falcone, A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Furniss, A.; Johnson, C. A.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Godambe, S.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Griffiths, S. T.; Kaaret, P.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kar, P.; Kieda, D.; Smith, A. W.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Kertzman, M.] Depauw Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. [McArthur, S.; Park, N.; Wakely, S. P.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [McCann, A.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Meagher, K.; Otte, A. N.; Richards, G. T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 837 State St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Meagher, K.; Otte, A. N.; Richards, G. T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, 837 State St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Millis, J.] Anderson Univ, Dept Phys, 1100 East 5th St, Anderson, IN 46012 USA. [Moriarty, P.] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Life & Phys Sci, Dublin Rd, Dublin, Ireland. [Nieto, D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Ong, R. A.; Popkow, A.; Vassiliev, V. V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reynolds, P. T.] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Sci, Cork, Ireland. [Sweeney, K.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clippinger Res Lab 251B, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Zitzer, B.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dumm, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM dumm@physics.umn.edu FU US Department of Energy Office of Science; US National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; NSERC in Canada; Science Foundation Ireland [SFI 10/RFP/AST2748]; STFC in the UK; South African Department of Science and Technology through the National Research Foundation under NRF SARChI Chair [64789] FX This research is supported by grants from the US Department of Energy Office of Science, the US National Science Foundation and the Smithsonian Institution, by NSERC in Canada, by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI 10/RFP/AST2748), and by STFC in the UK. We acknowledge the excellent work of the technical support staff at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory and at the collaborating institutions in the construction and operation of the instrument. M. Bottcher acknowledges support by the South African Department of Science and Technology through the National Research Foundation under NRF SARChI Chair grant no. 64789. The VERITAS Collaboration is grateful to Trevor Weekes for his seminal contributions and leadership in the field of VHE gamma-ray astrophysics, which made this study possible. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 461 IS 1 BP 202 EP 208 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw1319 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DV9PE UT WOS:000383272500017 ER PT J AU Sifon, C Battaglia, N Hasselfield, M Menanteau, F Barrientos, LF Bond, JR Crichton, D Devlin, MJ Dunner, R Hilton, M Hincks, AD Hlozek, R Huffenberger, KM Hughes, JP Infante, L Kosowsky, A Marsden, D Marriage, TA Moodley, K Niemack, MD Page, LA Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Trac, H Wollack, EJ AF Sifon, Cristobal Battaglia, Nick Hasselfield, Matthew Menanteau, Felipe Felipe Barrientos, L. Bond, J. Richard Crichton, Devin Devlin, Mark J. Dunner, Rolando Hilton, Matt Hincks, Adam D. Hlozek, Renee Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hughes, John P. Infante, Leopoldo Kosowsky, Arthur Marsden, Danica Marriage, Tobias A. Moodley, Kavilan Niemack, Michael D. Page, Lyman A. Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Hy Trac Wollack, Edward J. TI The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: dynamical masses for 44 SZ-selected galaxy clusters over 755 square degrees SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; Galaxies: distances and redshifts; cosmology: observations; large-scale structure of Universe ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; WEAK-LENSING MASSES; ZELDOVICH-SELECTED CLUSTERS; ACT-CL J0102-4915; X-RAY-PROPERTIES; SUNYAEV-ZELDOVICH; SCALING RELATIONS; VELOCITY DISPERSIONS; RICH CLUSTERS AB We present galaxy velocity dispersions and dynamical mass estimates for 44 galaxy clusters selected via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. Dynamical masses for 18 clusters are reported here for the first time. Using N-body simulations, we model the different observing strategies used to measure the velocity dispersions and account for systematic effects resulting from these strategies. We find that the galaxy velocity distributions may be treated as isotropic, and that an aperture correction of up to 7 per cent in the velocity dispersion is required if the spectroscopic galaxy sample is sufficiently concentrated towards the cluster centre. Accounting for the radial profile of the velocity dispersion in simulations enables consistent dynamical mass estimates regardless of the observing strategy. Cluster masses M200 are in the range (1-15) x 10(14)M(circle dot). Comparing with masses estimated from the SZ distortion assuming a gas pressure profile derived from X-ray observations gives a mean SZ-to-dynamical mass ratio of 1.10 +/- 0.13, but there is an additional 0.14 systematic uncertainty due to the unknown velocity bias; the statistical uncertainty is dominated by the scatter in the mass-velocity dispersion scaling relation. This ratio is consistent with previous determinations at these mass scales. C1 [Sifon, Cristobal; Hughes, John P.] Gemini South Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Sifon, Cristobal] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Battaglia, Nick; Hasselfield, Matthew; Hlozek, Renee; Spergel, David N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hasselfield, Matthew] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Menanteau, Felipe] Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, 1205 W Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Menanteau, Felipe] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Felipe Barrientos, L.; Dunner, Rolando; Infante, Leopoldo] Pontificia Univ Catolica, Fac Fis, Inst Astrofis, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile. [Bond, J. Richard] Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, 60 St George, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Crichton, Devin; Marriage, Tobias A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Devlin, Mark J.; Marsden, Danica] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 South 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hilton, Matt; Moodley, Kavilan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Hincks, Adam D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Hincks, Adam D.] Pontificia Univ Gregoriana, Piazza Pilotta 4, I-00187 Rome, Italy. [Huffenberger, Kevin M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, POB 3064350, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Hughes, John P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Niemack, Michael D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Page, Lyman A.; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hy Trac] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, McWilliams Ctr Cosmol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sifon, C (reprint author), Gemini South Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.; Sifon, C (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM sifon@strw.leidenuniv.nl RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861; Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534; Sifon, Cristobal/0000-0002-8149-1352 FU European Research Council under FP7 grant [279396]; FONDECYT [1120676]; NSF [1312380]; US National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, AST-0965625, PHY-0855887, PHY-1214379]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT); CFI under the auspices of Compute Canada; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence; University of Toronto; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy Office of Science; Spanish MultiDark Consolider Project [CSD2009-00064] FX CS acknowledges support from the European Research Council under FP7 grant number 279396 awarded to H. Hoekstra. NB and RH acknowledge support from the iii Fellowship. LFB's research is supported by FONDECYT under project 1120676. AK acknowledges support from NSF grant 1312380. This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698 and AST-0965625 for the ACT project, as well as awards PHY-0855887 and PHY-1214379. Funding was also provided by Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and a Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to UBC. ACT operates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT). Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the CFI under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the US Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III web site is http://www.sdss9.org/. The MultiDark Database used in this paper and the web application providing online access to it were constructed as part of the activities of the German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory as result of a collaboration between the Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) and the Spanish MultiDark Consolider Project CSD2009-00064. The Bolshoi and MultiDark simulations were run on the NASA's Pleiades supercomputer at the NASA Ames Research Center. The MDPL and the BigMD simulation suite have been performed in the Supermuc supercomputer at LRZ using time granted by PRACE. NR 141 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 461 IS 1 BP 248 EP 270 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw1284 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DV9PE UT WOS:000383272500022 ER PT J AU Clavel, M Tomsick, JA Bodaghee, A Chiu, JL Fornasini, FM Hong, J Krivonos, R Ponti, G Rahoui, F Stern, D AF Clavel, M. Tomsick, J. A. Bodaghee, A. Chiu, J. -L. Fornasini, F. M. Hong, J. Krivonos, R. Ponti, G. Rahoui, F. Stern, D. TI IGR J18293-1213 is an eclipsing cataclysmic variable SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries: eclipsing; stars: individual: IGR J18293-1213-white dwarfs; X-rays: stars ID X-RAY BINARIES; INTERMEDIATE POLARS; MILKY-WAY; EMISSION; MISSION; REFLECTION; TELESCOPE; EVOLUTION; STARS; SKY AB Studying the population of faint hard X-ray sources along the plane of the Galaxy is challenging because of high extinction and crowding, which make the identification of individual sources more difficult. IGR J18293-1213 is part of the population of persistent sources which have been discovered by the INTEGRAL satellite. We report on NuSTAR and Swift/XRT observations of this source, performed on 2015 September 11. We detected three eclipsing intervals in the NuSTAR light curve, allowing us to constrain the duration of these eclipses, Delta t = 30.8(-0.0)(+6.3) min, and the orbital period of the system, T = 6.92 +/- 0.01 h. Even though we only report an upper limit on the amplitude of a putative spin modulation, the orbital period and the hard thermal bremsstrahlung spectrum of IGR J18293-1213 provide strong evidence that this source is a magnetic cataclysmic variable. Our NuSTAR and Swift/XRT joint spectral analysis places strong constraints on the white dwarf mass M-wd = 0.78(-0.09)(+0.10) M-circle dot. Assuming that the mass to radius ratio of the companion star M star /R star = 1 (solar units) and using T, Delta t, and M-wd, we derived the mass of the companion star M-star = 0.82 +/- 0.01 M-circle dot, the orbital separation of the binary system a = 2.14 +/- 0.04 R-circle dot, and its orbital inclination compared to the line of sight i = (72 degrees.2(-0.0)(+2.4)) +/- 1 degrees.0. C1 [Clavel, M.; Tomsick, J. A.; Chiu, J. -L.; Fornasini, F. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bodaghee, A.] Georgia Coll, 231 W Hancock St, Milledgeville, GA 31061 USA. [Fornasini, F. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hong, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Krivonos, R.] Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Profsoyuznaya 84-32, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Ponti, G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Gissenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Rahoui, F.] European Southern Observ, Karl Schwarzchild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Rahoui, F.] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stern, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Clavel, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM maica.clavel@ssl.berkeley.edu OI Clavel, Maica/0000-0003-0724-2742 FU NASA [NNG08FD60C]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Russian Science Foundation [14-22-00271]; Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie/Deutsches Zentrum fur Luftund Raumfahrt (BMWI/DLR) [FKZ 50 OR 1408] FX This work was supported under NASA Contract No. NNG08FD60C, and made use of data from the NuSTAR mission, a project led by the California Institute of Technology, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank the NuSTAR Operations, Software, and Calibration teams for support with the execution and analysis of these observations. This research has made use of the NuSTAR Data Analysis Software (NUSTARDAS) jointly developed by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC, Italy) and the California Institute of Technology (USA). RK acknowledges support from Russian Science Foundation (grant 14-22-00271). GP acknowledges the Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie/Deutsches Zentrum fur Luftund Raumfahrt (BMWI/DLR, FKZ 50 OR 1408). NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 461 IS 1 BP 304 EP 311 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw1330 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DV9PE UT WOS:000383272500026 ER PT J AU Joachimi, K Gatuzz, E Garcia, JA Kallman, TR AF Joachimi, Katerine Gatuzz, Efrain Garcia, Javier A. Kallman, Timothy R. TI On the detectability of CO molecules in the interstellar medium via X-ray spectroscopy SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE techniques: spectroscopic; ISM: molecules; ISM: structure; X-rays: ISM ID K-SHELL PHOTOABSORPTION; MILKY-WAY; ABSORPTION MODEL; XMM-NEWTON; OXYGEN; BINARIES; CLOUDS; NEON; EDGE; PHOTOIONIZATION AB We present a study of the detectability of CO molecules in the Galactic interstellar medium using high-resolution X-ray spectra obtained with the XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer. We analysed 10 bright low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) to study the CO contribution in their line of sights. A total of 25 observations were fitted with the ISMabs X-ray absorption model which includes photoabsorption cross-sections for OI, OII, OIII and CO. We performed a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation analysis of the goodness of fit in order to estimate the significance of the CO detection. We determine that the statistical analysis prevents a significant detection of CO molecular X-ray absorption features, except for the lines of sight towards XTE J1718-330 and 4U 1636-53. In the case of XTE J1817-330, this is the first report of the presence of CO along its line of sight. Our results reinforce the conclusion that molecules have a minor contribution to the absorption features in the O K-edge spectral region. We estimate a CO column density lower limit to perform a significant detection with XMM-Newton of N(CO) > 6 x 10(16) cm(-2) for typical exposure times. C1 [Joachimi, Katerine; Gatuzz, Efrain] Cent Univ Venezuela, Fac Ciencias, Escuela Fis, POB 20632, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. [Gatuzz, Efrain] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Garcia, Javier A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kallman, Timothy R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gatuzz, E (reprint author), Cent Univ Venezuela, Fac Ciencias, Escuela Fis, POB 20632, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela.; Gatuzz, E (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM efraingatuzz@gmail.com; jajgarcia@gmail.com NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 461 IS 1 BP 352 EP 357 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw1371 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DV9PE UT WOS:000383272500030 ER PT J AU Davies, LJM Driver, SP Robotham, ASG Grootes, MW Popescu, CC Tuffs, RJ Hopkins, A Alpaslan, M Andrews, SK Bland-Hawthorn, J Bremer, MN Brough, S Brown, MJI Cluver, ME Croom, S da Cunha, E Dunne, L Lara-Lopez, MA Liske, J Loveday, J Moffett, AJ Owers, M Phillipps, S Sansom, AE Taylor, EN Michalowski, MJ Ibar, E Smith, M Bourne, N AF Davies, L. J. M. Driver, S. P. Robotham, A. S. G. Grootes, M. W. Popescu, C. C. Tuffs, R. J. Hopkins, A. Alpaslan, M. Andrews, S. K. Bland-Hawthorn, J. Bremer, M. N. Brough, S. Brown, M. J. I. Cluver, M. E. Croom, S. da Cunha, E. Dunne, L. Lara-Lopez, M. A. Liske, J. Loveday, J. Moffett, A. J. Owers, M. Phillipps, S. Sansom, A. E. Taylor, E. N. Michalowski, M. J. Ibar, E. Smith, M. Bourne, N. TI GAMA/H-ATLAS: a meta-analysis of SFR indicators - comprehensive measures of the SFR-M* relation and cosmic star formation history at z < 0.4 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: star formation ID MASS ASSEMBLY GAMA; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; DEEP FIELD SOUTH; FORMING GALAXIES; SPIRAL GALAXIES; STELLAR MASS; MAIN-SEQUENCE; FORMATION RATES AB We present a meta-analysis of star formation rate (SFR) indicators in the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey, producing 12 different SFR metrics and determining the SFRM* relation for each. We compare and contrast published methods to extract the SFR from each indicator, using a well-defined local sample of morphologically selected spiral galaxies, which excludes sources which potentially have large recent changes to their SFR. The different methods are found to yield SFR-M* relations with inconsistent slopes and normalizations, suggesting differences between calibration methods. The recovered SFR-M* relations also have a large range in scatter which, as SFRs of the targets may be considered constant over the different time-scales, suggests differences in the accuracy by which methods correct for attenuation in individual targets. We then recalibrate all SFR indicators to provide new, robust and consistent luminosity-to-SFR calibrations, finding that the most consistent slopes and normalizations of the SFR-M* relations are obtained when recalibrated using the radiation transfer method of Popescu et al. These new calibrations can be used to directly compare SFRs across different observations, epochs and galaxy populations. We then apply our calibrations to the GAMA II equatorial data set and explore the evolution of star formation in the local Universe. We determine the evolution of the normalization to the SFR-M* relation from 0 < z < 0.35 - finding consistent trends with previous estimates at 0.3 < z < 1.2. We then provide the definitive z < 0.35 cosmic star formation history, SFR-M* relation and its evolution over the last 3 billion years. C1 [Davies, L. J. M.; Driver, S. P.; Robotham, A. S. G.; Andrews, S. K.; Moffett, A. J.] Univ Western Australia, ICRAR, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Driver, S. P.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Grootes, M. W.] ESA ESTEC SCI S, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Popescu, C. C.; Sansom, A. E.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. [Popescu, C. C.] Romanian Acad, Astron Inst, Str Cutitul Argint 5, Bucharest 040557, Romania. [Tuffs, R. J.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hopkins, A.; Brough, S.; Owers, M.] Australian Astron Observ, POB 915, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia. [Alpaslan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, N232, Mountain View, CA 94034 USA. [Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Croom, S.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys A28, Sydney Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Bremer, M. N.; Phillipps, S.] Univ Bristol, Sch Phys, Astrophys Grp, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Brown, M. J. I.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Cluver, M. E.] Univ Western Cape, Dept Phys & Astron, Robert Sobukwe Rd, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [da Cunha, E.; Taylor, E. N.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, POB 218, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Dunne, L.; Michalowski, M. J.; Bourne, N.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Dunne, L.; Smith, M.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Lara-Lopez, M. A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, AP 70-264, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Liske, J.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. [Loveday, J.] Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Owers, M.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Ibar, E.] Univ Valparaiso, Inst Fis & Astron, Avda Gran Bretana 1111, Valparaiso, Chile. RP Davies, LJM (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, ICRAR, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM luke.j.davies@uwa.edu.au RI Brown, Michael/B-1181-2015; OI Brown, Michael/0000-0002-1207-9137; Alpaslan, Mehmet/0000-0003-0321-1033 FU STFC (UK); ARC (Australia); AAO; UNAM through the PAPIIT project [IA101315]; European Research Council Advanced Investigator grant Cosmic Dust FX GAMA is a joint European-Australasian project based around a spectroscopic campaign using the Anglo-Australian Telescope. The GAMA input catalogue is based on data taken from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey. Complementary imaging of the GAMA regions is being obtained by a number of independent survey programmes including GALEX MIS, VST KiDS, VISTA VIKING, WISE, Herschel-ATLAS, GMRT and ASKAP providing UV-to-radio coverage. GAMA is funded by the STFC (UK), the ARC (Australia), the AAO and the participating institutions. The GAMA website is http://www.gama-survey.org/.; MALL acknowledges support from UNAM through the PAPIIT project IA101315. LD acknowledges support from European Research Council Advanced Investigator grant Cosmic Dust. NR 118 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 461 IS 1 BP 458 EP 485 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw1342 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DV9PE UT WOS:000383272500037 ER PT J AU Pieres, A Santiago, B Balbinot, E Luque, E Queiroz, A da Costa, LN Maia, MAG Drlica-Wagner, A Roodman, A Abbott, TMC Allam, S Benoit-Levy, A Bertin, E Brooks, D Buckley-Geer, E Burke, DL Rosell, AC Kind, MC Carretero, J Cunha, CE Desai, S Diehl, HT Eifler, TF Finley, DA Flaugher, B Fosalba, P Frieman, J Gerdes, DW Gruen, D Gruendl, RA Gutierrez, G Honscheid, K James, DJ Kuehn, K Kuropatkin, N Lahav, O Li, TS Marshall, L Martini, P Miller, CJ Miquel, R Nichol, RC Nord, B Ogando, R Plazas, AA Romer, AK Sanchez, E Scarpine, V Schubnell, M Sevilla-Noarbe, I Smith, RC Soares-Santos, M Sobreira, F Suchyta, E Swanson, MEC Tarle, G Thaler, J Thomas, D Tucker, DL Walker, AR AF Pieres, A. Santiago, B. Balbinot, E. Luque, E. Queiroz, A. da Costa, L. N. Maia, M. A. G. Drlica-Wagner, A. Roodman, A. Abbott, T. M. C. Allam, S. Benoit-Levy, A. Bertin, E. Brooks, D. Buckley-Geer, E. Burke, D. L. Rosell, A. Carnero Kind, M. Carrasco Carretero, J. Cunha, C. E. Desai, S. Diehl, H. T. Eifler, T. F. Finley, D. A. Flaugher, B. Fosalba, P. Frieman, J. Gerdes, D. W. Gruen, D. Gruendl, R. A. Gutierrez, G. Honscheid, K. James, D. J. Kuehn, K. Kuropatkin, N. Lahav, O. Li, T. S. Marshall, L. Martini, P. Miller, C. J. Miquel, R. Nichol, R. C. Nord, B. Ogando, R. Plazas, A. A. Romer, A. K. Sanchez, E. Scarpine, V. Schubnell, M. Sevilla-Noarbe, I. Smith, R. C. Soares-Santos, M. Sobreira, F. Suchyta, E. Swanson, M. E. C. Tarle, G. Thaler, J. Thomas, D. Tucker, D. L. Walker, A. R. TI Physical properties of star clusters in the outer LMC as observed by the DES SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: statistical; Magellanic Cloud; galaxies: star clusters: general ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; CHEMICAL ENRICHMENT HISTORY; SIMPLE STELLAR POPULATIONS; STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS; METALLICITY RELATION; PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEMS; SOURCE EXTRACTION; AGE DISTRIBUTION; RED CLUMP AB The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) harbours a rich and diverse system of star clusters, whose ages, chemical abundances and positions provide information about the LMC history of star formation. We use Science Verification imaging data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) to increase the census of known star clusters in the outer LMC and to derive physical parameters for a large sample of such objects using a spatially and photometrically homogeneous data set. Our sample contains 255 visually identified cluster candidates, of which 109 were not listed in any previous catalogue. We quantify the crowding effect for the stellar sample produced by the DES Data Management pipeline and conclude that the stellar completeness is < 10 per cent inside typical LMC cluster cores. We therefore reanalysed the DES co-add images around each candidate cluster and remeasured positions and magnitudes for their stars. We also implement a maximum-likelihood method to fit individual density profiles and colour-magnitude diagrams. For 117 (from a total of 255) of the cluster candidates (28 uncatalogued clusters), we obtain reliable ages, metallicities, distance moduli and structural parameters, confirming their nature as physical systems. The distribution of cluster metallicities shows a radial dependence, with no clusters more metal rich than [Fe/H] similar or equal to -0.7 beyond 8 kpc from the LMC centre. The age distribution has two peaks at similar or equal to 1.2 and similar or equal to 2.7 Gyr. C1 [Pieres, A.; Santiago, B.; Luque, E.; Queiroz, A.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, Caixa Postal 15051, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Pieres, A.; Santiago, B.; Luque, E.; Queiroz, A.; da Costa, L. N.; Maia, M. A. G.; Rosell, A. Carnero; Ogando, R.; Sobreira, F.] Lab Interinst E Astron LIneA, Rua Gal Jose Cristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Balbinot, E.] Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [da Costa, L. N.; Maia, M. A. G.; Rosell, A. Carnero; Ogando, R.] Observ Nacl, Rua Gal Jose Cristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Drlica-Wagner, A.; Allam, S.; Buckley-Geer, E.; Diehl, H. T.; Finley, D. A.; Flaugher, B.; Frieman, J.; Gutierrez, G.; Kuropatkin, N.; Nord, B.; Scarpine, V.; Soares-Santos, M.; Tucker, D. L.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Roodman, A.; Burke, D. L.; Cunha, C. E.; Frieman, J.; Gruen, D.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, POB 2450, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Roodman, A.; Burke, D. L.; Gruen, D.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Abbott, T. M. C.; James, D. J.; Smith, R. C.; Walker, A. R.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile. [Benoit-Levy, A.; Bertin, E.] CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Benoit-Levy, A.; Brooks, D.; Lahav, O.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Benoit-Levy, A.; Bertin, E.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Kind, M. Carrasco; Gruendl, R. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kind, M. Carrasco; Gruendl, R. A.; Swanson, M. E. C.] Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, 1205 West Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Carretero, J.; Fosalba, P.] IEEC CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Campus UAB,Carrer Can Magrans,S-N, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Carretero, J.; Miquel, R.] Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, IFAE, Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Desai, S.] Excellence Cluster Universe, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Desai, S.] Univ Munich, Fac Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Eifler, T. F.; Plazas, A. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gerdes, D. W.; Miller, C. J.; Schubnell, M.; Tarle, G.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Honscheid, K.; Martini, P.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Honscheid, K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kuehn, K.] Australian Astron Observ, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia. [Li, T. S.; Marshall, L.] Texas A&M Univ, George P & Cynthia Woods Mitchell Inst Fundamenta, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Li, T. S.; Marshall, L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Martini, P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 174 W 18Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Miller, C. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Miquel, R.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain. [Nichol, R. C.; Thomas, D.] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England. [Romer, A. K.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Pevensey Bldg, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Sanchez, E.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Madrid, Spain. [Sobreira, F.] Univ Estadual Paulista, ICTP South Amer Inst Fundamental Res, Inst Fis Teor, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Suchyta, E.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Thaler, J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Pieres, A (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, Caixa Postal 15051, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.; Pieres, A (reprint author), Lab Interinst E Astron LIneA, Rua Gal Jose Cristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. EM adriano.pieres@ufrgs.br; basilio.santiago@ufrgs.br; e.balbinot@surrey.ac.uk RI Ogando, Ricardo/A-1747-2010; OI Ogando, Ricardo/0000-0003-2120-1154; Sobreira, Flavia/0000-0002-7822-0658 FU Brazilian Institution CNPq; European Research Council [ERC-StG-335936]; US Department of Energy; US National Science Foundation; Ministry of Science and Education of Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom; Higher Education Funding Council for England; National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago; Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University; Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas AM University; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos; Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico; Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey; National Science Foundation [AST-1138766]; MINECO [AYA2012-39559, ESP2013-48274, FPA2013-47986]; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa [SEV-2012-0234]; European Research Council under the European Union [240672, 291329, 306478] FX AdP acknowledges financial support from the Brazilian Institution CNPq. EdB acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC-StG-335936, CLUSTERS).; Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the US Department of Energy, the US National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and the Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey.; The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number AST-1138766. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2012-39559, ESP2013-48274, FPA2013-47986 and Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa SEV-2012-0234. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329 and 306478. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 461 IS 1 BP 519 EP 541 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw1260 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DV9PE UT WOS:000383272500041 ER PT J AU LeGrande, AN Tsigaridis, K Bauer, SE AF LeGrande, Allegra N. Tsigaridis, Kostas Bauer, Susanne E. TI Role of atmospheric chemistry in the climate impacts of stratospheric volcanic injections SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; NORTHERN MIDLATITUDES; ERUPTIONS; OZONE; PINATUBO; WINTER; RECONSTRUCTIONS; SPECTROMETER; SENSITIVITY; AEROSOLS AB The climate impact of a volcanic eruption is known to be dependent on the size, location and timing of the eruption. However, the chemistry and composition of the volcanic plume also control its impact on climate. It is not just sulfur dioxide gas, but also the coincident emissions of water, halogens and ash that influence the radiative and climate forcing of an eruption. Improvements in the capability of models to capture aerosol microphysics, and the inclusion of chemistry and aerosol microphysics modules in Earth system models, allow us to evaluate the interaction of composition and chemistry within volcanic plumes in a new way. These modelling efforts also illustrate the role of water vapour in controlling the chemical evolution - and hence climate impacts - of the plume. A growing realization of the importance of the chemical composition of volcanic plumes is leading to a more sophisticated and realistic representation of volcanic forcing in climate simulations, which in turn aids in reconciling simulations and proxy reconstructions of the climate impacts of past volcanic eruptions. More sophisticated simulations are expected to help, eventually, with predictions of the impact on the Earth system of any future large volcanic eruptions. C1 [LeGrande, Allegra N.; Tsigaridis, Kostas; Bauer, Susanne E.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tsigaridis, Kostas; Bauer, Susanne E.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY USA. RP LeGrande, AN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM allegra.n.legrande@nasa.gov; kostas.tsigaridis@columbia.edu FU NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center FX We thank NASA GISS for institutional support. We also thank the NASA MAP programme for continued support. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 14 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 9 IS 9 BP 652 EP 655 DI 10.1038/NGEO2771 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DV9TA UT WOS:000383283700006 ER PT J AU Wooden, DH Cook, AM Colaprete, A Glenar, DA Stubbs, TJ Shirley, M AF Wooden, D. H. Cook, A. M. Colaprete, A. Glenar, D. A. Stubbs, T. J. Shirley, M. TI Evidence for a dynamic nanodust cloud enveloping the Moon SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENERATED DUST CLOUDS; HYPERVELOCITY IMPACTS; PLANETARY SATELLITES; COMET P/HALLEY; SURFACES; SPACE; FE AB The exospheres that surround airless bodies such as the Moon are tenuous, atmosphere-like layers whose constituent particles rarely collide with one another. Some particles contained within such exospheres are the product of direct interactions between airless bodies and the space environment, and offer insights into space weathering processes. NASA's Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) mission studied the Moon's exospheric constituents in situ and detected a permanent dust exosphere(1) of particles with radii as small as 300 nm. Here we present evidence from LADEE spectral data for an additional fluctuating nanodust exosphere at the Moon containing a population of particles sufficiently dense to be detectable via scattered sunlight. We compare two anti-Sun spectral observations: one near the peak of the Quadrantid meteoroid stream, the other during a period of comparatively weak stream activity. The former shows a negative spectral slope consistent with backscattering of sunlight by nanodust grains with radii less than 20 to 30 nm; the latter has a flatter spectral slope. We hypothesize that a spatially and temporally variable nanodust exosphere may exist at the Moon, and that it is modulated by changes in meteoroid impact rates, such as during encounters with meteoroid streams. The findings suggest that similar nanodust exospheres-and the particle ejection and transport processes that form them-may occur at other airless bodies. C1 [Wooden, D. H.; Cook, A. M.; Colaprete, A.; Shirley, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Cook, A. M.] Millenium Engn & Integrat Co, 350 North Akron Rd Bldg 19,Suite 2080, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Glenar, D. A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Stubbs, T. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wooden, DH (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM diane.wooden@nasa.gov RI Stubbs, Timothy/I-5139-2013 OI Stubbs, Timothy/0000-0002-5524-645X FU NASA Lunar Quest Program; LADEE Guest Observer Program; NASA's Science Mission Directorate FX LADEE UVS was supported through the NASA Lunar Quest Program. The authors also acknowledge financial support from the LADEE Guest Observer Program and NASA's Science Mission Directorate. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 9 IS 9 BP 665 EP + DI 10.1038/NGEO2779 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DV9TA UT WOS:000383283700008 ER PT J AU Dhakal, B Nicholson, DE Saleeb, AF Padula, SA Vaidyanathan, R AF Dhakal, B. Nicholson, D. E. Saleeb, A. F. Padula, S. A., II Vaidyanathan, R. TI Three-dimensional deformation response of a NiTi shape memory helical-coil actuator during thermomechanical cycling: experimentally validated numerical model SO SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE experimental validation; NiTi; multi-axial; shape memory alloy; thermal cycling; helical-coil actuators; springs ID PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; ALLOYS; TRANSFORMATION; EVOLUTION; PHASE AB Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators often operate under a complex state of stress for an extended number of thermomechanical cycles in many aerospace and engineering applications. Hence, it becomes important to account for multi-axial stress states and deformation characteristics (which evolve with thermomechanical cycling) when calibrating any SMA model for implementation in large-scale simulation of actuators. To this end, the present work is focused on the experimental validation of an SMA model calibrated for the transient and cyclic evolutionary behavior of shape memory Ni49.9Ti50.1, for the actuation of axially loaded helical-coil springs. The approach requires both experimental and computational aspects to appropriately assess the thermomechanical response of these multi-dimensional structures. As such, an instrumented and controlled experimental setup was assembled to obtain temperature, torque, degree of twist and extension, while controlling end constraints during heating and cooling of an SMA spring under a constant externally applied axial load. The computational component assesses the capabilities of a general, multi-axial, SMA material-modeling framework, calibrated for Ni49.9Ti50.1 with regard to its usefulness in the simulation of SMA helical-coil spring actuators. Axial extension, being the primary response, was examined on an axially-loaded spring with multiple active coils. Two different conditions of end boundary constraint were investigated in both the numerical simulations as well as the validation experiments: Case (1) where the loading end is restrained against twist (and the resulting torque measured as the secondary response) and Case (2) where the loading end is free to twist (and the degree of twist measured as the secondary response). The present study focuses on the transient and evolutionary response associated with the initial isothermal loading and the subsequent thermal cycles under applied constant axial load. The experimental results for the helical-coil actuator under two different boundary conditions are found to be within error to their counterparts in the numerical simulations. The numerical simulation and the experimental validation demonstrate similar transient and evolutionary behavior in the deformation response under the complex, inhomogeneous, multi-axial stress-state and large deformations of the helical-coil actuator. This response, although substantially different in magnitude, exhibited similar evolutionary characteristics to the simple, uniaxial, homogeneous, stress-state of the isobaric tensile tests results used for the model calibration. There was no significant difference in the axial displacement (primary response) magnitudes observed between Cases (1) and (2) for the number of cycles investigated here. The simulated secondary responses of the two cases evolved in a similar manner when compared to the experimental validation of the respective cases. C1 [Dhakal, B.; Saleeb, A. F.] Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, 302 Buchtel Common, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Nicholson, D. E.; Vaidyanathan, R.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Padula, S. A., II] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Dhakal, B (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, 302 Buchtel Common, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM bd27@zips.uakron.edu FU Fundamental Aeronautics Program, Fixed-Wing [NNH10ZEA001N-SFW1, NNX11AI57A]; University of Central Florida FX This work was supported by the Fundamental Aeronautics Program, Fixed-Wing, Project No. NNH10ZEA001N-SFW1, Grant No: NNX11AI57A to the University of Akron with the University of Central Florida as Sub Contractor. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr S M Arnold for his technical guidance and programmatic support during the different phases of the project. The authors thank Dr O Benafan for helpful technical discussions regarding the experiments. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 EI 1361-665X J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 25 IS 9 AR 095056 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/25/9/095056 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA DW9SF UT WOS:000384002200008 ER PT J AU Narapusetty, B Murtugudde, R Wang, H Kumar, A AF Narapusetty, Balachandrudu Murtugudde, Raghu Wang, Hui Kumar, Arun TI Ocean-atmosphere processes driving Indian summer monsoon biases in CFSv2 hindcasts SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE CFSv2 forecast biases; Indian summer monsoon rainfall; Dry-land biases ID WESTERN ARABIAN SEA; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; ASIAN MONSOON; PREDICTION; CLIMATE; MODEL; DYNAMICS AB This paper analyzes the role of the Indian Ocean (IO) and the atmosphere biases in generating and sustaining large-scale precipitation biases over Central India (CI) during the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) in the climate forecast system version 2 (CFSv2) hindcasts that are produced by initializing the system each month from January 1982 to March 2011. The CFSv2 hindcasts are characterized by a systematic dry monsoon bias over CI that deteriorate with forecast lead-times and coexist with a wet bias in the tropical IO suggesting a large-scale interplay between coupled ocean-atmosphere and land biases. The biases evolving from spring-initialized forecasts are analyzed in detail to understand the evolution of summer biases. The northward migration of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) that typically crosses the equator in the IO sector during April in nature is delayed in the hindcasts when the forecast system is initialized in early spring. Our analyses show that the delay in the ITCZ coexists with wind and SST biases and the associated processes project onto the seasonal evolution of the coupled ocean-atmosphere features. This delay in conjunction with the SST and the wind biases during late spring and early summer contributes to excessive precipitation over the ocean and leading to a deficit in rainfall over CI throughout the summer. Attribution of bias to a specific component in a coupled forecast system is particularly challenging as seemingly independent biases from one component affect the other components or are affected by their feedbacks. In the spring-initialized forecasts, the buildup of deeper thermocline in association with warmer SSTs due to the enhanced Ekman pumping in the southwest IO inhibits the otherwise typical northward propagation of ITCZ in the month of April. Beyond this deficiency in the forecasts, two key ocean-atmosphere coupled mechanisms are identified; one in the Arabian Sea, where a positive windstress curl bias in conjunction with warmer SSTs lead to a weakening of Findlater jet and the other in the east equatorial IO where a remote forcing by the predominantly westerly bias in the western-central equatorial IO in the summer strengthen the seasonal downwelling Kelvin wave that in turn deepens the thermocline in the eastern IO. The equatorial Kelvin wave continues as a coastal Kelvin wave and disperses as Rossby waves off Sumatra and induces positive SST and precipitation biases in the eastern and southern Bay of Bengal. This study shows that the biases that first appear in winds lead to a cascade of coupled processes that exacerbate the subsequent biases by modulating the evolution of seasonal processes such as the annual Kelvin and Rossby waves and the cross-equatorial vertically integrated moisture transport. While this analysis does not offer any particular insights into improving the ISM forecasts, it is a foundational first step towards this goal. C1 [Narapusetty, Balachandrudu; Murtugudde, Raghu] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Narapusetty, Balachandrudu] NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, Hui] INNOVIM, College Pk, MD USA. [Wang, Hui] NOAA, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Kumar, Arun] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Narapusetty, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Narapusetty, B (reprint author), NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM bnarapus@umd.edu FU Earth System Science Organization, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India [MM/SERP/Univ_Maryland_USA/2013/INT-16/002] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support given by the Earth System Science Organization, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India (MM/SERP/Univ_Maryland_USA/2013/INT-16/002) to conduct this research under Monsoon Mission. The authors also acknowledge Dr. Krishnan, Dr. Rajeevan, Dr. Shukla, and Dr. Kinter for helpful comments and discussions. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 47 IS 5-6 BP 1417 EP 1433 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2910-9 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DU3LK UT WOS:000382112000005 ER PT J AU Stanfield, RE Jiang, JH Dong, XQ Xi, BK Su, H Donner, L Rotstayn, L Wu, TW Cole, J Shindo, E AF Stanfield, Ryan E. Jiang, Jonathan H. Dong, Xiquan Xi, Baike Su, Hui Donner, Leo Rotstayn, Leon Wu, Tongwen Cole, Jason Shindo, Eiki TI A quantitative assessment of precipitation associated with the ITCZ in the CMIP5 GCM simulations SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE GCM; Global climate models; GCM precipitation; Model precipitation; AMIP; CMIP; CMIP5; Climate change; ITCZ; GCM bias ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; PACIFIC COLD-TONGUE; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; INCLUDING MASS FLUXES; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; NASA GISS CMIP5; PART I; CUMULUS CONVECTION; RAINFALL PRODUCTS AB According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 5th Assessment Report, the broad-scale features of precipitation as simulated by Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are in modest agreement with observations, however, large systematic errors are found in the Tropics. In this study, a new algorithm has been developed to define the North Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) through several metrics, including: the centerline position of the ITCZ, the width of the ITCZ, and the magnitude of precipitation along the defined ITCZ. These metrics provide a quantitative analysis of precipitation associated with the ITCZ over the equatorial northern Pacific. Results from 29 CMIP5 Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) Global Circulation Model (GCM) runs are compared with Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations. Similarities and differences between the GCM simulations and observations are analyzed with the intent of quantifying magnitude-, location-, and width-based biases within the GCMs. Comparisons show that most of the GCMs tend to simulate a stronger, wider ITCZ shifted slightly northward compared to the ITCZ in GPCP and TRMM observations. Comparisons of CMIP and AMIP simulated precipitation using like-models were found to be nearly equally distributed, with roughly half of GCMs showing an increase (decrease) in precipitation when coupled (decoupled) from their respective ocean model. Further study is warranted to understand these differences. C1 [Stanfield, Ryan E.; Dong, Xiquan; Xi, Baike] Univ North Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4149 Univ Ave Stop 9006, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Jiang, Jonathan H.; Su, Hui] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Donner, Leo] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Rotstayn, Leon] CSIRO, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Wu, Tongwen] China Meteorol Adm, Beijing Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Cole, Jason] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Shindo, Eiki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Dong, XQ (reprint author), Univ North Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4149 Univ Ave Stop 9006, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM dong@aero.und.edu FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology under NASA; NASA CERES [NNX14AP84G]; EPSCoR projects; NASA [ROSES12-MAP, ROSE13-NDOA] FX We would like to acknowledge the contributions made by Trond Iversen, for providing information and references on the NorESM model, and the contributions made by Cyril Morcrette, for his comments and suggestions related to HadGEM2-A model. The authors acknowledge the support by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology under contract with NASA. The researchers at University of North Dakota were supported by NASA CERES (NNX14AP84G) and EPSCoR projects, and the researchers at JPL were supported by NASA ROSES12-MAP and ROSE13-NDOA projects. Data were obtained from the CMIP5 ESGF PCMDI database at http://pcmdi9.llnl.gov/esgf-web-fe/. GPCP and TRMM data are also provided by the Obs4MIPS program and are available as well from the ESGF PCMDI database at http://pcmdi9.llnl.gov/esgf-web-fe/. The GPCP SG combined precipitation data were developed and computed at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center's Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Laboratory - Atmospheres as a contribution to the GEWEX Global Precipitation Climatology Project. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 47 IS 5-6 BP 1863 EP 1880 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2937-y PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DU3LK UT WOS:000382112000031 ER PT J AU Abdi, AM Vrieling, A Yengoh, GT Anyamba, A Seaquist, JW Ummenhofer, CC Ardo, J AF Abdi, A. M. Vrieling, A. Yengoh, G. T. Anyamba, A. Seaquist, J. W. Ummenhofer, C. C. Ardo, J. TI The El Nio - La Nia cycle and recent trends in supply and demand of net primary productivity in African drylands SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Sub-Saharan Africa; Drylands; El Nino-southern oscillation; Net primary productivity; Climate variability ID FOOD INSECURITY; CLIMATE; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; RAINFALL; ETHIOPIA; CHARCOAL; ENSO AB Inter-annual climatic variability over a large portion of sub-Saharan Africa is under the influence of the El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Extreme variability in climate is a threat to rural livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa, yet the role of ENSO in the balance between supply and demand of net primary productivity (NPP) over this region is unclear. Here, we analyze the impact of ENSO on this balance in a spatially explicit framework using gridded population data from the WorldPop project, satellite-derived data on NPP supply, and statistical data from the United Nations. Our analyses demonstrate that between 2000 and 2013 fluctuations in the supply of NPP associated with moderate ENSO events average +/- 2.8 g C m(-2) yr.(-1) across sub-Saharan drylands. The greatest sensitivity is in arid Southern Africa where a + 1 A degrees C change in the Nio-3.4 sea surface temperature index is associated with a mean change in NPP supply of -6.6 g C m(-2) yr.(-1). Concurrently, the population-driven trend in NPP demand averages 3.5 g C m(-2) yr.(-1) over the entire region with densely populated urban areas exhibiting the highest mean demand for NPP. Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for the role ENSO plays in modulating the balance between supply and demand of NPP in sub-Saharan drylands. An important implication of these findings is that increase in NPP demand for socio-economic metabolism must be taken into account within the context of climate-modulated supply. C1 [Abdi, A. M.; Seaquist, J. W.; Ardo, J.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Solvegatan 12, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Vrieling, A.] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Yengoh, G. T.] Lund Univ, Ctr Sustainabil Studies, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Anyamba, A.] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Ummenhofer, C. C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Abdi, AM (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Solvegatan 12, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. EM hakim.abdi@gmail.com RI Vrieling, Anton/B-2639-2012; OI Vrieling, Anton/0000-0002-7979-1540; Abdi, PhD, Abdulhakim/0000-0001-6486-8747 FU Swedish National Space Board [100/11]; Royal Physiographic Society in Lund; Lund University Center for Studies of Carbon Cycle and Climate Interactions (LUCCI); NSF [OCE-1203892] FX We thank Dan Metcalfe, Lina Eklund, A.J. (Han) Dolman, and Katharina Waha for their insight and comments during early stages of the manuscript. We also thank the programming assistance provided by the volunteers at the Stack Overflow and Cross Validated online communities. Funding for this project was provided by the Swedish National Space Board (contract no. 100/11 to J.A.). A.M.A. received support from the Royal Physiographic Society in Lund and the Lund University Center for Studies of Carbon Cycle and Climate Interactions (LUCCI). C.C.U. was supported by NSF grant OCE-1203892. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD SEP PY 2016 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s10584-016-1730-1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DU3UT UT WOS:000382138400009 ER PT J AU Morgan, D Subramanian, GP Chung, SJ Hadaegh, FY AF Morgan, Daniel Subramanian, Giri P. Chung, Soon-Jo Hadaegh, Fred Y. TI Swarm assignment and trajectory optimization using variable-swarm, distributed auction assignment and sequential convex programming SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FORMATION FLYING GUIDANCE; MODEL-PREDICTIVE CONTROL; SATELLITE CLUSTERS; MULTIPLE ROBOTS; SPACECRAFT; ALGORITHM; STRATEGIES; OPTIMALITY; NETWORKS AB This paper presents a distributed, guidance and control algorithm for reconfiguring swarms composed of hundreds to thousands of agents with limited communication and computation capabilities. This algorithm solves both the optimal assignment and collision-free trajectory generation for robotic swarms, in an integrated manner, when given the desired shape of the swarm ( without pre-assigned terminal positions). The optimal assignment problem is solved using a distributed auction assignment that can vary the number of target positions in the assignment, and the collision-free trajectories are generated using sequential convex programming. Finally, model predictive control is used to solve the assignment and trajectory generation in real time using a receding horizon. The model predictive control formulation uses current state measurements to resolve for the optimal assignment and trajectory. The implementation of the distributed auction algorithm and sequential convex programming using model predictive control produces the swarm assignment and trajectory optimization ( SATO) algorithm that transfers a swarm of robots or vehicles to a desired shape in a distributed fashion. Once the desired shape is uploaded to the swarm, the algorithm determines where each robot goes and how it should get there in a fuel-efficient, collision-free manner. Results of flight experiments using multiple quadcopters show the effectiveness of the proposed SATO algorithm. C1 [Morgan, Daniel; Subramanian, Giri P.; Chung, Soon-Jo] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. [Hadaegh, Fred Y.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Chung, SJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.; Chung, SJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coordinated Sci Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM sjchung@illinois.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA Office of the Chief Technologist Space Technology Research Fellowship; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA95501210193] FX This research was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (C)2016 California Institute of Technology. This work was supported by a NASA Office of the Chief Technologist Space Technology Research Fellowship and an Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR grant number FA95501210193). Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0278-3649 EI 1741-3176 J9 INT J ROBOT RES JI Int. J. Robot. Res. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1261 EP 1285 DI 10.1177/0278364916632065 PG 25 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA DV5PY UT WOS:000382981300006 ER PT J AU Schonberg, WP Hull, SM AF Schonberg, William P. Hull, Scott M. TI Current Design Criteria for MMOD Impact of Metallic Pressurized Tanks SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT; VESSELS AB Most spacecraft have at least one pressurized vessel on board. For robotic spacecraft, it is usually a liquid propellant tank or battery. For human spacecraft, there are also pressurized living quarters and life-support systems. One of the design considerations of such spacecraft is the possible damage that might occur in the event of an on-orbit impact by a micrometeoroid or orbital debris (MMOD) particle. While considerable energy and effort has been expended in the study of the response of nonpressurized spacecraft components to these kinds of impacts, relatively few studies have been conducted on the pressurized elements of such spacecraft. In addition, the design criteria currently used by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for pressurized tanks operating in the MMOD environment have not been tested or scrutinized since they were first proposed nearly 45 years ago. This paper reviews current NASA design criteria for pressurized vessels and offers suggestions for next steps in their further development. (C) 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Schonberg, William P.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, 1401 N Pine St, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Hull, Scott M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mission Engn & Syst Anal Div, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Schonberg, WP (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, 1401 N Pine St, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM wschon@mst.edu FU NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory; NASA/Engineering Safety Center FX The authors wish to extend their gratitude to the NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the NASA/Engineering Safety Center for providing the support that made this study possible. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 EI 1943-5525 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 29 IS 5 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000635 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA DV7VJ UT WOS:000383145800024 ER PT J AU Salinas, A Altecor, A Lizcano, M Lozano, K AF Salinas, A. Altecor, A. Lizcano, M. Lozano, K. TI Production of beta-Silicon Carbide Nanofibers using the Forcespinning (R) Method SO JOURNAL OF CERAMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Silicon carbide; high-temperature materials; ceramic nanofibers; Forcespinning (R) ID FIBERS; NANOWIRES AB Silicon carbide (SiC) nanofibers were produced on a large scale using the Forcespinning (R) method. Non-oxide ceramics such as SiC are known for their low density, oxidation resistance, thermal stability, and wear resistance. The nanofibers were prepared using a solution-based method with polystyrene and polycarbomethylsilane as the precursor materials. Fiber spinning was performed under different parameters to obtain high yield, fiber homogeneity, and small diameters. The fibers were spun under a controlled nitrogen environment to prevent fiber oxidation. The resultant nonwoven nanofiber mats were then subjected to different heat treatments to evaluate the effect of these on the crystalline structure. Characterization was conducted using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show high yield, semi-continuous bead-free nanofibers with diameters ranging from 280 nm to 2 micron depending on the selected processing parameters. The sintered precursors show formation of SiC nanofibers with a beta phase crystalline structure and oxygen content below 15 %. C1 [Salinas, A.; Altecor, A.; Lozano, K.] Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. [Lizcano, M.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Salinas, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. EM asalinasz73@broncs.utpa.edu FU National Science Foundation under DMR grant [1523577] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support received from the National Science Foundation under DMR grant No. 1523577 (PREM- UTRGV-UMN Partnership for Fostering Innovation by Bridging Excellence in Research and Student Success). We are also grateful to the Biology Department at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley for allowing use of the EDS instrument. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU GOLLER VERLAG GMBH PI BADEN BADEN PA ASCHMATTSTRASSE 8, D-76532 BADEN BADEN, GERMANY SN 2190-9385 J9 J CERAM SCI TECHNOL JI J. Ceram. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 7 IS 3 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.4416/JCST2016-00026 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA DW0FO UT WOS:000383316500002 ER PT J AU Li, T Calvo, N Yue, J Russell, JM Smith, AK Mlynczak, MG Chandran, A Dou, XK Liu, AZ AF Li, Tao Calvo, Natalia Yue, Jia Russell, James M., III Smith, Anne K. Mlynczak, Martin G. Chandran, Amal Dou, Xiankang Liu, Alan Z. TI Southern Hemisphere Summer Mesopause Responses to El Nino-Southern Oscillation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; MIDDLE; MODEL; TEMPERATURES; CIRCULATION; ENSO AB In the Southern Hemisphere (SH) polar region, satellite observations reveal a significant upper-mesosphere cooling and a lower-thermosphere warming during warm ENSO events in December. An opposite pattern is observed in the tropical mesopause region. The observed upper-mesosphere cooling agrees with a climate model simulation. Analysis of the simulation suggests that enhanced planetary wave (PW) dissipation in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) high-latitude stratosphere during El Nino strengthens the Brewer-Dobson circulation and cools the equatorial stratosphere. This increases the magnitude of the SH stratosphere meridional temperature gradient and thus causes the anomalous stratospheric easterly zonal wind and early breakdown of the SH stratospheric polar vortex. The resulting perturbation to gravity wave (GW) filtering causes anomalous SH mesospheric eastward GW forcing and polar upwelling and cooling. In addition, constructive inference of ENSO and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) could lead to stronger stratospheric easterly zonal wind anomalies at the SH high latitudes in November and December and early breakdown of the SH stratospheric polar vortex during warm ENSO events in the easterly QBO phase (defined by the equatorial zonal wind at similar to 25 hPa). This would in turn cause much more SH mesospheric eastward GW forcing and much colder polar temperatures, and hence it would induce an early onset time of SH summer polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs). The opposite mechanism occurs during cold ENSO events in the westerly QBO phase. This implies that ENSO together with QBO could significantly modulate the breakdown time of SH stratospheric polar vortex and the onset time of SH PMC. C1 [Li, Tao; Dou, Xiankang] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, CAS Key Lab Geospace Environm, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Li, Tao; Dou, Xiankang] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Mengcheng Natl Geophys Observ, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Calvo, Natalia] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Tierra 2, Madrid, Spain. [Yue, Jia; Russell, James M., III] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Smith, Anne K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Mlynczak, Martin G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Chandran, Amal] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Liu, Alan Z.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. EM litao@ustc.edu.cn RI Dou, xiankang/M-9106-2013; Yue, Jia/D-8177-2011; Li, Tao/J-8950-2014 OI Li, Tao/0000-0002-5100-4429 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41225017, 41421063]; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB825605]; NSF [AGS-1115249, AGS-1110199]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the PALEOSTRAT project [CGL2015-69699-R]; European Project under program [603557-STRATOCLIM, FP7-ENV.2013.6.1-2]; NASA AIM satellite mission; NASA TIMED satellite mission; NASA SABER Grant [NNX15AD22G]; NASA TIMED satellite project; National Science Foundation [AGS-1115249, AGS-1110199] FX TL would like to thank Han-Li Liu and Chengyun Yang for helpful discussion. TL and XD are supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants 41225017 and 41421063 and the National Basic Research Program of China Grant 2012CB825605. TL's visit to ERAU is partially supported by the NSF Grants AGS-1115249 and AGS-1110199. NC acknowledges partial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the PALEOSTRAT project (Paleomodelization desde una perspective estratoferica; Ref. CGL2015-69699-R) and the European Project 603557-STRATOCLIM under program FP7-ENV.2013.6.1-2. JY is supported by the NASA AIM and TIMED satellite missions. JMR is supported under NASA SABER Grant NNX15AD22G. MGM is supported by the NASA TIMED satellite project. AZL is supported by National Science Foundation Grants AGS-1115249 and AGS-1110199. The WACCM 3.5 results were obtained from the Atmospheric Chemistry Division at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The radiosonde dataset is downloaded from http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/met/ag/strat/produkte/qbo/index.html. We want to thank Bodil Karlsson and two other anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on this paper. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 29 IS 17 BP 6319 EP 6328 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0816.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV3DO UT WOS:000382801400016 ER PT J AU Russell, RP Lantukh, D Broschart, SB AF Russell, Ryan P. Lantukh, Demyan Broschart, Stephen B. TI Heliotropic Orbits with Zonal Gravity and Shadow Perturbations: Application at Bennu SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION PRESSURE; ASTEROID 101955 BENNU; PLANETARY OBLATENESS; EVEN HARMONICS; DUST DYNAMICS; SATELLITE; DENSITY; MOTION AB Heliotropic orbits provide long-lifetime low-altitude orbits in the presence of large J2 and solar radiation pressure perturbations. Formal inclusion of high-degree zonal gravity harmonics and simple shadowing provides a more realistic model to initiate the search for heliotropic orbits at irregular primitive bodies like Bennu, which is the target of the OSIRIS-Rex mission. The constrained, doubly averaged potential and the Lagrange planetary equations yield a single equation to enforce the heliotropic constraint. The equation is solved for inclinations across a range of semimajor axes and eccentricities, providing a surface of potential solutions. The fast process allows for MonteCarlo simulations to assess the likelihood of a heliotropic orbit existing in the presence of parameter uncertainty. The existence of heliotropic orbits is shown to be reasonably robust to uncertainty in the solar radiation pressure acceleration and reference gravity parameters for Bennu. C1 [Russell, Ryan P.; Lantukh, Demyan] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Broschart, Stephen B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Russell, RP (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM ryan.russell@utexas.edu; demyan@utexas.edu; Stephen.B.Broschart@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA Office of the Chief Technologist via a NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship [NNX12AI77H]; W. M. Keck Foundation; NASA FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Office of the Chief Technologist via a NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship grant (NNX12AI77H). In particular, the authors thank Claudia Meyer for continued interest and support of the project. The authors also thank the W. M. Keck Foundation for supporting, in part, the presented work through the W. M. Keck Foundation Endowed Graduate Fellowship in Engineering. Part of the work described here was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1925 EP 1933 DI 10.2514/1.G001279 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA DV9LH UT WOS:000383261500001 ER PT J AU Swei, SSM Fusco, JC Nakamura, RH AF Swei, Sean S. M. Fusco, Jesse C. Nakamura, Robert H. TI Design of Sun-Safe Controllers for Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB This paper presents the development of sun-safe controllers, which are designed to keep the spacecraft power positive and thermally balanced in the event an anomaly is detected. Employed by NASA's Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer, the controllers use the measured sun vector and the spacecraft body rates for feedback control. To improve the accuracy of sun vector estimation, the least-square minimization approach is applied to process the sensor data. A rotation with respect to the sun vector, which is proven to be effective in mitigating the momentum buildup due to the lunar gravity gradient, hence significantly extending the sun-safe duration, is commanded. To validate the controllers, the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer spacecraft model engaging the sun-safe mode is first simulated and then compared with the actual Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer orbital flight data. The results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed sun-safe controllers. C1 [Swei, Sean S. M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Fusco, Jesse C.; Nakamura, Robert H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Engn Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Swei, SSM (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 39 IS 9 BP 2022 EP 2033 DI 10.2514/1.G000270 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA DV9LH UT WOS:000383261500008 ER PT J AU Sung, K Yu, SS Pearson, J Pirali, O Tchana, FK Manceron, L AF Sung, Keeyoon Yu, Shanshan Pearson, John Pirali, Olivier Tchana, Fridolin Kwabia Manceron, Laurent TI Far-infrared (NH3)-N-14 line positions and intensities measured with a FT-IR and AILES beamline, Synchrotron SOLEIL SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Ammonia spectroscopy; Ammonia line intensity; NH3 far-infrared transitions; Inversion-rotation; FT-IR measurements; AILES beamline ID SELF-BROADENING COEFFICIENTS; LASER STARK SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-SPECTROSCOPY; COLOGNE DATABASE; ENERGY-LEVELS; NH3; AMMONIA; BANDS; MICROWAVE; STATE AB Extensive measurements of line positions and intensities are reported for the inversion-rotation and rovibrational transitions of (NH3)-N-14 in the 50-660 cm(-1) region. This study analyzes high-resolution (0.00167 cm(-1), unapodized) Fourier-transform spectra of high purity (99.5%) normal ammonia sample obtained using the AILES beamline of Synchrotron SOLEIL. The experimental conditions are designed to study transitions with intensities weaker than 1 x 10(-22) cm(-1)/(molecule cm(-2)) at room temperature. Line positions and intensities of more than 2830 transitions of (NH3)-N-14 are measured and compiled after proper quality control; the features from minor isotopologues ((NH3)-N-15 and NH2D) and H2O are identified and excluded. Based on the predictions of recent work from the empirical Hamiltonian modeling, systematic quantum assignments are made for 2047 transitions from eight bands including four inversion rotation (gs, v(2), 2v(2), and v(4)) and four ro-vibrational bands (v(2)-gs, 2v(2)-v(2), v(4)-v(2), and 2v(2)-v(4)), as well as covering their Delta K = 3 forbidden transitions. The measured line positions for the assigned transitions are in an excellent agreement (typically better than 0.001 cm(-1)) with the predictions in a wide range of J and K for all the eight bands. The comparison with the HITRAN 2012 database is also satisfactory, although systematic offsets are seen for transitions with high J and K and those from weak bands. Also we note that out of the eight bands, the 2v(2)-v(4) has not been listed in the HITRAN 2012 database. Differences of 20% are seen between our measured and calculated intensities depending on the bands. For line positions, greater differences are found for some NH3 bands in HITRAN 2012 than recent predictions. Measurements of the individual line positions and intensities are presented for the eight bands, and the final spectroscopic line positions and intensities are compiled as an electronic supplement. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sung, Keeyoon; Yu, Shanshan; Pearson, John] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 200-105,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Pirali, Olivier; Manceron, Laurent] LOrme Merisiers St Aubin, Synchrotron SOLEIL, AILES Beamline, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Pirali, Olivier] Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris 11, CNRS, ISMO, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Tchana, Fridolin Kwabia] UPEC, CNRS, UMR 7583, LISA, 61 Ave Gen Gaulle, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Tchana, Fridolin Kwabia] UPD, 61 Ave Gen Gaulle, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Manceron, Laurent] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8233, MONARIS, Paris, France. RP Sung, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 200-105,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ksung@jpl.nasa.gov RI Yu, Shanshan/D-8733-2016; Sung, Keeyoon/I-6533-2015 FU Synchrotron SOLEIL [2013080]; Astrophysics Research and Analysis (APRA) Program under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; SOLEIL; LISA FX K. Sung and S. Yu are grateful to Linda R. Brown for useful discussion on the NH3 spectroscopy and designing the experimental study. The JPL authors also acknowledge the Synchrotron SOLEIL for granting us with the AILES beamline time (project #2013080). Research described in this work was performed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and was supported by the Astrophysics Research and Analysis (APRA) Program under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. F.K.T. and L.M. acknowledge SOLEIL and LISA support. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 327 SI SI BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2016.06.011 PG 20 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA DV8WY UT WOS:000383218600001 ER PT J AU Orphal, J Staehelin, J Tamminen, J Braathen, G De Backer, MR Bais, A Balis, D Barbe, A Bhartia, PK Birk, M Burkholder, JB Chance, K von Clarmann, T Cox, A Degenstein, D Evans, R Flaud, JM Flittner, D Godin-Beekmann, S Gorshelev, V Gratien, A Hare, E Janssen, C Kyrola, E McElroy, T McPeters, R Pastel, M Petersen, M Petropavlovskikh, I Picquet-Varrault, B Pitts, M Labow, G Rotger-Languereau, M Leblanc, T Lerot, C Liu, X Moussay, P Redondas, A Van Roozendael, M Sander, SP Schneider, M Serdyuchenko, A Veefkind, P Viallon, J Viatte, C Wagner, G Weber, M Wielgosz, RI Zehner, C AF Orphal, Johannes Staehelin, Johannes Tamminen, Johanna Braathen, Geir De Backer, Marie -Renee Bais, Alkiviadis Balis, Dimitris Barbe, Alain Bhartia, Pawan K. Birk, Manfred Burkholder, James B. Chance, Kelly von Clarmann, Thomas Cox, Anthony Degenstein, Doug Evans, Robert Flaud, Jean-Marie Flittner, David Godin-Beekmann, Sophie Gorshelev, Viktor Gratien, Aline Hare, Edward Janssen, Christof Kyrola, Erkki McElroy, Thomas McPeters, Richard Pastel, Maud Petersen, Michael Petropavlovskikh, Irina Picquet-Varrault, Benedicte Pitts, Michael Labow, Gordon Rotger-Languereau, Maud Leblanc, Thierry Lerot, Christophe Liu, Xiong Moussay, Philippe Redondas, Alberto Van Roozendael, Michel Sander, Stanley P. Schneider, Matthias Serdyuchenko, Anna Veefkind, Pepijn Viallon, Joele Viatte, Camille Wagner, Georg Weber, Mark Wielgosz, Robert I. Zehner, Claus TI Absorption cross-sections of ozone in the ultraviolet and visible spectral regions: Status report 2015 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Absorption; Cross sections; Atmosphere; Remote sensing; Reference data ID 10 MU-M; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PROFILE RETRIEVALS; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; UV SPECTROSCOPY; TOTAL COLUMN; STRAY LIGHT; NM REGION; BREWER; O-3 AB The activity "Absorption Cross-Sections of Ozone" (ACSO) started in 2008 as a joint initiative of the International Ozone Commission (IO3C), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the IGACO ("Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observations") O-3/UV subgroup to study, evaluate, and recommend the most suitable ozone absorption cross-section laboratory data to be used in atmospheric ozone measurements. The evaluation was basically restricted to ozone absorption cross-sections in the UV range with particular focus on the Huggins band. Up until now, the data of Bass and Paur published in 1985 (BP, 1985) are still officially recommended for such measurements. During the last decade it became obvious that BP (1985) cross-section data have deficits for use in advanced space-borne ozone measurements. At the same time, it was recognized that the origin of systematic differences in ground-based measurements of ozone required further investigation, in particular whether the BP (1985) cross-section data might contribute to these differences. In ACSO, different sets of laboratory ozone absorption cross-section data (including their dependence on temperature) of the group of Reims (France) (Brion et al., 1993, 1998, 1992, 1995, abbreviated as BDM, 1995) and those of Serdyuchenko et al. (2014), and Gorshelev et al. (2014), (abbreviated as SER, 2014) were examined for use in atmospheric ozone measurements in the Huggins band. In conclusion, ACSO recommends: The spectroscopic data of BP (1985) should no longer be used for retrieval of atmospheric ozone measurements For retrieval of ground-based instruments of total ozone and ozone profile measurements by the Umkehr method performed by Brewer and Dobson instruments data of SER (2014) are recommended to be used. When SER (2014) is used, the difference between total ozone measurements of Brewer and Dobson instruments are very small and the difference between Dobson measurements at AD and CD wavelength pairs are diminished. For ground-based Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) measurements the use of BDM (1995) or SER (2014) is recommended. For satellite retrieval the presently widely used data of BDM (1995) should be used because SER (2014) seems less suitable for retrievals that use wavelengths close to 300 nm due to a deficiency in the signal-to-noise ratio in the SER (2014) dataset. The work of ACSO also showed: The need to continue laboratory cross-section measurements of ozone of highest quality. The importance of careful characterization of the uncertainties of the laboratory measurements. The need to extend the scope of such studies to other wavelength ranges (particularly to cover not only the Huggins band but also the comparison with the mid-infrared region). The need for regular cooperation of experts in spectral laboratory measurements and specialists in atmospheric (ozone) measurements. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Orphal, Johannes; von Clarmann, Thomas; Schneider, Matthias] KIT, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Staehelin, Johannes] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Tamminen, Johanna; Kyrola, Erkki] FMI, Helsinki, Finland. [Braathen, Geir] WMO, Geneva, Switzerland. [De Backer, Marie -Renee; Barbe, Alain; Rotger-Languereau, Maud] CNRS, GSMA, Reims, France. [De Backer, Marie -Renee; Barbe, Alain] Univ Reims, Reims, France. [Bais, Alkiviadis; Balis, Dimitris] Aristotele Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. [Bhartia, Pawan K.; McPeters, Richard; Labow, Gordon] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Birk, Manfred; Wagner, Georg] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Evans, Robert; Petropavlovskikh, Irina] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chance, Kelly; Liu, Xiong] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cox, Anthony] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. [Degenstein, Doug] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Flaud, Jean-Marie; Gratien, Aline; Picquet-Varrault, Benedicte] CNRS, LISA, Creteil, France. [Flaud, Jean-Marie; Gratien, Aline; Picquet-Varrault, Benedicte] Univ Paris Est, Creteil, France. [Flittner, David; Pitts, Michael] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Godin-Beekmann, Sophie; Pastel, Maud] CNRS, LATMOS, Paris, France. [Godin-Beekmann, Sophie; Pastel, Maud] UVSQ, Paris, France. [Gorshelev, Viktor; Serdyuchenko, Anna; Weber, Mark] Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany. [Hare, Edward] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Janssen, Christof] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LERMA, IPSL, Paris, France. [Janssen, Christof] PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, Paris, France. [Janssen, Christof] CNRS, Paris, France. [McElroy, Thomas] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Petersen, Michael; Moussay, Philippe; Viallon, Joele; Wielgosz, Robert I.] BIPM, Sevres, France. [Leblanc, Thierry; Sander, Stanley P.] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA. [Lerot, Christophe; Van Roozendael, Michel] Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium. [Redondas, Alberto] State Meteorol Agcy AEMET, Izana, Spain. [Veefkind, Pepijn] KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Viatte, Camille] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zehner, Claus] ESA, ESRIN, Frascati, Italy. [Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Petropavlovskikh, Irina] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Petersen, Michael] Univ Neuchatel, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. RP Orphal, J (reprint author), KIT, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, Karlsruhe, Germany. EM orphal@kit.edu RI Schneider, Matthias/B-1441-2013; Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Bais, Alkiviadis/D-2230-2009; Tamminen, Johanna/D-7959-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Bais, Alkiviadis/0000-0003-3899-2001; Tamminen, Johanna/0000-0003-3095-0069; Kyrola, Erkki/0000-0001-9197-9549 FU EU FP7 programme [284421]; NASA [NNX09AJ24G] FX The work of Maud Pastel was performed in the frame of the NORS project (Demonstration Network Of ground-based Remote Sensing Observations in support of the Copernicus Atmospheric Service), funded by the EU FP7 programme under grant agreement no 284421. The work of Irina Petropavlovskikh was supported by NASA Grant No. NNX09AJ24G (Enhancement of ozone products from established Brewer ground-based networks for validation of satellite-derived stratospheric ozone change). Johanna Tamminen would like to thank the Finnish Academy INQUIRE project. NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 12 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 327 SI SI BP 105 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2016.07.007 PG 17 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA DV8WY UT WOS:000383218600006 ER PT J AU Dreessen, J Sullivan, J Delgado, R AF Dreessen, Joel Sullivan, John Delgado, Ruben TI Observations and impacts of transported Canadian wildfire smoke on ozone and aerosol air quality in the Maryland region on June 9-12, 2015 SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Air Quality Forecasting Research (IWAQFR) CY SEP 01-03, 2015 CL College Park, MD ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA WILDFIRES; FOREST-FIRE EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES; PARTICULATE MATTER; NITROGEN-OXIDES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; URBAN AREA; BOREAL; POLLUTION AB Canadian wildfire smoke impacted air quality across the northern Mid-Atlantic (MA) of the United States during June 9-12, 2015. A multiday exceedance of the new 2015 70-ppb National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone (O-3) followed, resulting in Maryland being incompliant with the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) revised 2015 O-3 NAAQS. Surface in situ, balloon-borne, and remote sensing observations monitored the impact of the wildfire smoke at Maryland air quality monitoring sites. At peak smoke concentrations in Maryland, wildfire-attributable volatile organic compounds (VOCs) more than doubled, while non-NOx oxides of nitrogen (NOz) tripled, suggesting long range transport of NOx within the smoke plume. Peak daily average PM2.5 was 32.5 mu g m(-3) with large fractions coming from black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC), with a synonymous increase in carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations. Measurements indicate that smoke tracers at the surface were spatially and temporally correlated with maximum 8-hr O-3 concentrations in the MA, all which peaked on June 11. Despite initial smoke arrival late on June 9, 2015, O-3 production was inhibited due to ultraviolet (UV) light attenuation, lower temperatures, and nonoptimal surface layer composition. Comparison of Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model surface O-3 forecasts to observations suggests 14 ppb additional O-3 due to smoke influences in northern Maryland. Despite polluted conditions, observations of a nocturnal low-level jet (NLLJ) and Chesapeake Bay Breeze (BB) were associated with decreases in O-3 in this case. While infrequent in the MA, wildfire smoke may be an increasing fractional contribution to high-O-3 days, particularly in light of increased wildfire frequency in a changing climate, lower regional emissions, and tighter air quality standards.Implications: The presented event demonstrates how a single wildfire event associated with an ozone exceedance of the NAAQS can prevent the Baltimore region from complying with lower ozone standards. This relatively new problem in Maryland is due to regional reductions in NOx emissions that led to record low numbers of ozone NAAQS violations in the last 3 years. This case demonstrates the need for adequate means to quantify and justify ozone impacts from wildfires, which can only be done through the use of observationally based models. The data presented may also improve future air quality forecast models. C1 [Dreessen, Joel] Maryland Dept Environm, Air Monitoring Program, 1800 Washington Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21230 USA. [Sullivan, John] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Delgado, Ruben] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Dreessen, J (reprint author), Maryland Dept Environm, Air Monitoring Program, 1800 Washington Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21230 USA. EM joel.dreessen@maryland.gov NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 19 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 66 IS 9 SI SI BP 842 EP 862 DI 10.1080/10962247.2016.1161674 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV5IE UT WOS:000382959700003 PM 26963934 ER PT J AU Albers, M Zhu, S Ayangeakaa, AD Janssens, RVF Gellanki, J Ragnarsson, I Alcorta, M Baugher, T Bertone, PF Carpenter, MP Chiara, CJ Chowdhury, P David, HM Deacon, AN DiGiovine, B Gade, A Hoffman, CR Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ McCutchan, EA Nair, C Rogers, AM Seweryniak, D AF Albers, M. Zhu, S. Ayangeakaa, A. D. Janssens, R. V. F. Gellanki, J. Ragnarsson, I. Alcorta, M. Baugher, T. Bertone, P. F. Carpenter, M. P. Chiara, C. J. Chowdhury, P. David, H. M. Deacon, A. N. DiGiovine, B. Gade, A. Hoffman, C. R. Kondev, F. G. Lauritsen, T. Lister, C. J. McCutchan, E. A. Nair, C. Rogers, A. M. Seweryniak, D. TI Single-particle and collective excitations in Ni-62 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL BANDS; TERMINATION; ISOTOPES; NUCLEUS; DECAY AB Background: Level sequences of rotational character have been observed in several nuclei in the A = 60 mass region. The importance of the deformation-driving pi f(7/2) and nu g(9/2) orbitals on the onset of nuclear deformation is stressed. Purpose: A measurement was performed in order to identify collective rotational structures in the relatively neutron-rich Ni-62 isotope. Method: The Mg-26(Ca-48,2 alpha 4n gamma)Ni-62 complex reaction at beam energies between 275 and 320 MeV was utilized. Reaction products were identified in mass (A) and charge (Z) with the fragment mass analyzer (FMA) and gamma rays were detected with the Gammasphere array. Results: Two collective bands, built upon states of single-particle character, were identified and sizable deformation was assigned to both sequences based on the measured transitional quadrupole moments, herewith quantifying the deformation at high spin. Conclusions: Based on cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations and comparisons with deformed bands in the A = 60 mass region, the two rotational bands are understood as being associated with configurations involving multiple f(7/2) protons and g(9/2) neutrons, driving the nucleus to sizable prolate deformation. C1 [Albers, M.; Zhu, S.; Ayangeakaa, A. D.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Alcorta, M.; Bertone, P. F.; Carpenter, M. P.; Chiara, C. J.; David, H. M.; DiGiovine, B.; Hoffman, C. R.; Lauritsen, T.; Lister, C. J.; McCutchan, E. A.; Nair, C.; Rogers, A. M.; Seweryniak, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gellanki, J.] Univ Groningen, KVI CART, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. [Ragnarsson, I.] Lund Univ, LTH, Div Math Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Baugher, T.; Gade, A.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Baugher, T.; Gade, A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Chiara, C. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chowdhury, P.; Lister, C. J.; Rogers, A. M.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Deacon, A. N.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Alcorta, M.] TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Bertone, P. F.] Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Bldg 4600 Rideout Rd, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Chiara, C. J.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [David, H. M.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [McCutchan, E. A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Albers, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Gade, Alexandra/A-6850-2008 OI Gade, Alexandra/0000-0001-8825-0976 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-94ER40834, DE-FG02-94ER40848, DE-FG02-08ER41556]; National Science Foundation [PHY-1102511]; Swedish Research Council; United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) FX The authors thank J. P. Greene (ANL) for target preparation and the ATLAS operations staff for the efficient running of the accelerator during the experiment. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and Grant Nos. DE-FG02-94ER40834, DE-FG02-94ER40848, and DE-FG02-08ER41556, by the National Science Foundation under Contract No. PHY-1102511, by the Swedish Research Council, and by the United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). This research used resources of ANL's ATLAS facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 3 AR 034301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.94.034301 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA DV6KZ UT WOS:000383045700001 ER PT J AU Sherwood, B AF Sherwood, Brent TI Strategic map for exploring the ocean-world Enceladus SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article ID PLUME; FUTURE; LIFE AB Among the many "ocean worlds" of our solar system, Enceladus appears unique in its combination of astrobiologically relevant and exploration-worthy attributes: extensive liquid-water ocean with active hydrothermal activity, containing salts and organics expressed predictably into space. The Enceladus south polar plume allows direct access to telltale molecules, ions, isotopes, and potential cytofragments in space. Plume mass spectroscopy and sample return, in situ investigation of surface fallback deposits, direct vent exploration, and eventually oceanographic exploration can all be envisioned. However, building consensus to fund such ambitious exploration hinges on acquiring key new data. A roadmap is essential. It could start with cost-capped onramps such as flythrough analysis of the plume, following up on Cassini measurements with modern instruments; and sample return of plume material for analysis on Earth. A methodical mission sequence in which each step depends on emergent results from prior missions would push in situ oceanographic exploration into the second half of this century. Even for this scenario, prioritization by the next planetary Decadal Survey would be pivotal. (C) 2016 IAA Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sherwood, Brent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Sherwood, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM brent.sherwood@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA FX The author is grateful to several colleagues who shared insights that were key to formulating the strategic analysis presented here: Linda Spilker, Christophe Sotin, Jonathan Lunine, Kevin Hand, Hunter Waite, Hajime Yano, Peter Tsou, and Carolyn Porco. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 EI 1879-2030 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 126 SI SI BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.04.013 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DU7RL UT WOS:000382412200008 ER PT J AU Nag, S Gatebe, CK Miller, DW de Weck, OL AF Nag, Sreeja Gatebe, Charles K. Miller, David W. de Weck, Olivier L. TI Effect of satellite formations and imaging modes on global albedo estimation SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Small satellite; Formation flight; Cubesat; BRDF; Multi-angular; Remote sensing; Constellation ID AIRBORNE SPECTRAL MEASUREMENTS; MISSION; SURFACE; SPACE; CONSTELLATION; ATMOSPHERE; OCEAN AB We confirm the applicability of using small satellite formation flight for multi-angular earth observation to retrieve global, narrow band, narrow field-of-view albedo. The value of formation flight is assessed using a coupled systems engineering and science evaluation model, driven by Model Based Systems Engineering and Observing System Simulation Experiments. Albedo errors are calculated against bi-directional reflectance data obtained from NASA airborne campaigns made by the Cloud Absorption Radiometer for the seven major surface types, binned using MODIS' land cover map water, forest, cropland, grassland, snow, desert and cities. A full tradespace of architectures with three to eight satellites, maintainable orbits and imaging modes (collective payload pointing strategies) are assessed. For an arbitrary 4-sat formation, changing the reference, nadir-pointing satellite dynamically reduces the average albedo error to 0.003, from 0.006 found in the static reference case. Tracking pre-selected waypoints with all the satellites reduces the average error further to 0.001, allows better polar imaging and continued operations even with a broken formation. An albedo error of 0.001 translates to 136 W/m(2) or 0.4% in Earth's outgoing radiation error. Estimation errors are found to be independent of the satellites' altitude and inclination, if the nadir-looking is changed dynamically. The formation satellites are restricted to differ in only right ascension of planes and mean anomalies within slotted bounds. Three satellites in some specific formations show average albedo errors of less than 2% with respect to airborne, ground data and seven satellites in any slotted formation outperform the monolithic error of 3.6%. In fact, the maximum possible albedo error, purely based on angular sampling, of 12% for monoliths is outperformed by a five-satellite formation in any slotted arrangement and an eight satellite formation can bring that error down four fold to 3%. More than 70% ground spot overlap between the satellites is possible with 0.5 of pointing accuracy, 2 Km of GPS accuracy and commands uplinked once a day. The formations can be maintained at less than 1 m/s of monthly Delta V per satellite. (C) 2016 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nag, Sreeja] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nag, Sreeja] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA USA. [Gatebe, Charles K.] Univ Space Res Org, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Columbia, MD USA. [Miller, David W.] MIT, NASA Headquarters, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [de Weck, Olivier L.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Nag, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Nag, S (reprint author), Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA USA. EM sreejanag@alum.mit.edu; Charles.K.Gatebe@nasa.gov; millerd@mit.edu; deweck@mit.edu FU Schlumberger Faculty for the Future Fellowship (FFTF); NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) FX The authors acknowledge the following people, without whose help this paper in its present quality would not have been possible: Rajesh Poudyal (GSFC) for extracting and post processing the BRDF data for the CAR instrument, Warren Wiscombe (GSFC) for his contribution and consistent drive toward Leonardo-BRDF which first proposed the concept of formation flight for BRDF, Jacqueline LeMoigne (GSFC), Ralph Kahn (GSFC), Kerri Cahoy (MIT), Daniel Selva (Cornell), Alexei Lyapustin (GSFC) for their invaluable ideas toward making this study better and three anonymous reviewers for their comments to improve its readability. The primary author was funded by the Schlumberger Faculty for the Future Fellowship (FFTF) and the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF). NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 EI 1879-2030 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 126 SI SI BP 77 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.04.004 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DU7RL UT WOS:000382412200011 ER PT J AU Yang, FY Nelson, B Aziz, J Carlino, R Perez, AD Faber, N Foster, C Frost, C Henze, C Karacalioglu, AG Levit, C Marshall, W Mason, J O'Toole, C Swenson, J Worden, SP Stupl, J AF Yang, Fan Yang Nelson, Bron Aziz, Jonathan Carlino, Roberto Perez, Andres Dono Faber, Nicolas Foster, Cyrus Frost, Chad Henze, Chris Karacalioglu, Arif Goktug Levit, Creon Marshall, William Mason, James O'Toole, Conor Swenson, Jason Worden, Simon P. Stupl, Jan TI LightForce photon-pressure collision avoidance: Efficiency analysis in the current debris environment and long-term simulation perspective SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article ID MODEL; NASA AB This work provides an efficiency analysis of the LightForce space debris collision avoidance scheme in the current debris environment and describes a simulation approach to assess its impact on the long-term evolution of the space debris environment LightForce aims to provide just-in-time collision avoidance by utilizing photon pressure from ground-based industrial lasers. These ground stations impart minimal accelerations to increase the miss distance for a predicted conjunction between two objects. In the first part of this paper we will present research that investigates the short-term effect of a few systems consisting of 20 kW class lasers directed by 1.5 m diameter telescopes using adaptive optics. The results found such a network of ground stations to mitigate more than 85 percent of conjunctions and could lower the expected number of collisions in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) by an order of magnitude. While these are impressive numbers that indicate LightForce's utility in the short-term, the remaining 15 % of possible collisions contain (among others) conjunctions between two massive objects that would add large amount of debris if they collide. Still, conjunctions between massive objects and smaller objects can be mitigated. Hence, we choose to expand the capabilities of the simulation software to investigate the overall effect of a network of LightForce stations on the long-term debris evolution. In the second part of this paper, we will present the planned simulation approach for that effort. For the efficiency analysis of collision avoidance in the current debris environment, we utilize a simulation approach that uses the entire Two Line Element (TLE) catalog in LEO for a given day as initial input These objects are propagated for one year and an all-on-all conjunction analysis is performed. For conjunctions that fall below a range threshold, we calculate the probability of collision and record those values. To assess efficiency, we compare a baseline (without collision avoidance) conjunction analysis with an analysis where LightForce is active. Using that approach, we take into account that collision avoidance maneuvers could have effects on third objects. Performing all-on-all conjunction analyses for extended period of time requires significant computer resources; hence we implemented this simulation utilizing a highly parallel approach on the NASA Pleiades supercomputer. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of IAA. C1 [Yang, Fan Yang; Perez, Andres Dono] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MEI, Washington, DC USA. [Nelson, Bron] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Comp Sci Corp, Washington, DC USA. [Aziz, Jonathan] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Carlino, Roberto] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, STC, Washington, DC USA. [Faber, Nicolas; Stupl, Jan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Foster, Cyrus; Levit, Creon; Marshall, William; Mason, James] Planet Labs, San Francisco, CA USA. [Frost, Chad; Henze, Chris] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [O'Toole, Conor] Univ Coll Dublin, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Dublin, Ireland. [Swenson, Jason] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, LMCO Space OPNS, Washington, DC USA. [Worden, Simon P.] Breakthrough Prize Fdn, Stanford, CA USA. RP Stupl, J (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM jan.stupl@nasa.gov FU center management at NASA Ames Research Center FX We would like to thank our colleagues and the center management at NASA Ames Research Center for continuing support. We also would like to thank the NAIF SPICE team at JPL, especially Nat Bachman for providing a long term version of their Earth orientation file. Special thanks go to Wang Ting (Princeton) for sharing his area-to-mass ratio database and for providing insight in a past implementation of the EVOLVE breakup model. For useful discussions we would like to thank Gene Stansbery, Paula Krisko, Carsten Wiedemann, Jonas Radtke and Holger Krag. We thank Andrew Shacker for providing useful input for future versions of the software. We thank Jonas Jonsson for useful discussions and his help editing this paper. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 EI 1879-2030 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 126 SI SI BP 411 EP 423 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.04.032 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DU7RL UT WOS:000382412200042 ER PT J AU Guzzetti, D Bosanac, N Haapala, A Howell, KC Folta, DC AF Guzzetti, Davide Bosanac, Natasha Haapala, Amanda Howell, Kathleen C. Folta, David C. TI Rapid trajectory design in the Earth Moon ephemeris system via an interactive catalog of periodic and quasi-periodic orbits SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAF 66th International Astronautical Congress (IAC) CY OCT, 2015 CL Jerusalem, ISRAEL SP IAF DE Multi-body systems; Three-body problem; Libration points; Quasi-periodic solutions; Periodic solutions ID LIBRATION POINTS AB Upcoming missions and prospective design concepts in the Earth-Moon system extensively leverage multi-body dynamics that may facilitate access to strategic locations or reduce propellant usage. To incorporate these dynamical structures into the mission design process, Purdue University and the NASA Goddard Flight Space Center have initiated the construction of a trajectory design framework to rapidly access and compare solutions from the circular restricted three-body problem. This framework, based upon a 'dynamic' catalog of periodic and quasi-periodic orbits within the Earth-Moon system, can guide an end-to-end trajectory design in an ephemeris model. In particular, the inclusion of quasi-periodic orbits further expands the design space, potentially enabling the detection of additional orbit options. To demonstrate the concept of a 'dynamic' catalog, a prototype graphical interface is developed. Strategies to characterize and represent periodic and quasi-periodic information for interactive trajectory comparison and selection are discussed. Two sample applications for formation flying near the Earth-Moon 1,2 point and lunar space infrastructures are explored to demonstrate the efficacy of a 'dynamic' catalog for rapid trajectory design and validity in higher-fidelity models. (C) 2016 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Guzzetti, Davide; Bosanac, Natasha; Haapala, Amanda; Howell, Kathleen C.] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Folta, David C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Haapala, Amanda] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Guzzetti, D (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM dguzzett@purdue.edu; nbosanac@purdue.edu; amanda.haapala@jhuapl.edu; howell@purdue.edu; david.c.folta@nasa.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 EI 1879-2030 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 126 SI SI BP 439 EP 455 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.06.029 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DU7RL UT WOS:000382412200044 ER PT J AU Rai, A Robinson, JA Tate-Brown, J Buckley, N Zell, M Tasaki, K Karabadzhak, G Sorokin, IV Pignataro, S AF Rai, Amelia Robinson, Julie A. Tate-Brown, Judy Buckley, Nicole Zell, Martin Tasaki, Kazuyuki Karabadzhak, Georgy Sorokin, Igor V. Pignataro, Salvatore TI Expanded benefits for humanity from the International Space Station SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article ID MICROGRAVITY; EXPERIENCE; RESOLUTION AB In 2012, the International Space Station (ISS) (Fig. 1) partnership published the updated International Space Station Benefits for Humanity [1], a compilation of stories about the many benefits being realized in the areas of human health, Earth observations and disaster response, and global education. This compilation has recently been revised to include updated statistics on the impacts of the benefits, and new benefits that have developed since the first publication. Two new sections have also been added to the book, economic development of space and innovative technology. This paper will summarize the updates on behalf of the ISS Program Science Forum, made up of senior science representatives across the international partnership. The new section on "Economic Development of Space" highlights case studies from public-private partnerships that are leading to a new economy in low earth orbit (LEO). Businesses provide both transportation to the ISS as well as some research facilities and services. These relationships promote a paradigm shift of government-funded, contractor-provided goods and services to commercially-provided goods purchased by government agencies. Other examples include commercial firms spending research and development dollars to conduct investigations on ISS and commercial service providers selling services directly to ISS users. This section provides examples of ISS as a test bed for new business relationships, and illustrates successful partnerships. The second new section, "Innovative Technology," merges technology demonstration and physical science findings that promise to return Earth benefits through continued research. Robotic refueling concepts for life extensions of costly satellites in geo-synchronous orbit have applications to robotics in industry on Earth. Flame behavior experiments reveal insight into how fuel burns in microgravity leading to the possibility of improving engine efficiency on Earth. Nanostructures and smart fluids are examples of materials improvements that are being developed using data from ISS. The publication also expands the benefits of research results in human health, environmental change and disaster response and in education activities developed to capture student imaginations in support of science, technology, engineering and mathematics, or STEM, education internationally. Applications to human health of the knowledge gained on ISS continue to grow and improve healthcare technologies and our understanding of human physiology. Distinct benefits return to Earth from the only orbiting multi-disciplinary laboratory of its kind. The ISS is a stepping stone for future space exploration by providing findings that develop LEO and improve life on our planet. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of IAA. C1 [Rai, Amelia; Robinson, Julie A.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Tate-Brown, Judy] Barrios Technol, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Buckley, Nicole] Canadian Space Agcy, Longueuil, PQ, Canada. [Zell, Martin] European Space Agcy, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Tasaki, Kazuyuki] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. [Karabadzhak, Georgy] TSNIIMASH, Kaliningrad, Russia. [Sorokin, Igor V.] SP Korolev Rocket & Space Corp Energia, Korolev, Russia. [Pignataro, Salvatore] Italian Space Agcy ASI, Rome, Italy. RP Rai, A (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM amelia.e.rai@nasa.gov; julie.a.robinson@nasa.gov; judy.tate-brown-1@nasa.gov; nicole.buckley@asc-csa.gc.ca; martin.zell@esa.int; tasaki.kazuyuki@jaxa.jp; gfk@tsniimash.ru; igor.v.sorokin@rsce.ru; salvatore.pignataro@asi.it OI Robinson, Julie/0000-0002-6832-6459 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 EI 1879-2030 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 126 SI SI BP 463 EP 474 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.06.030 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DU7RL UT WOS:000382412200046 ER PT J AU Arvani, B Pierce, RB Lyapustin, AI Wang, YJ Ghermandi, G Teggi, S AF Arvani, Barbara Pierce, R. Bradley Lyapustin, Alexei I. Wang, Yujie Ghermandi, Grazia Teggi, Sergio TI Seasonal monitoring and estimation of regional aerosol distribution over Po valley, northern Italy, using a high-resolution MAIAC product SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Aerosol optical depth (AOD); High resolution aerosol retrieval; Seasonality AOD-PM10 correlation; MAIAC; MODIS; PM10; Planetary boundary layer (PBL) ID AIR-QUALITY ASSESSMENT; MODIS 3 KM; PARTICULATE MATTER PREDICTIONS; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; OPTICAL DEPTH RETRIEVALS; PM2.5 CONCENTRATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; AOD RETRIEVALS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SATELLITE DATA AB In this work, the new 1 km-resolved Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm is employed to characterize seasonal PM10 - AOD correlations over northern Italy. The accuracy of the new dataset is assessed compared to the widely used Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 5.1 Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data, retrieved at 0.55 gm with spatial resolution of 10 km (MYD04_12). We focused on evaluating the ability of these two products to characterize both temporal and spatial distributions of aerosols within urban and suburban areas. Ground PM10 measurements were obtained from 73 of the Italian Regional Agency for Environmental Protection (ARPA) monitoring stations, spread across northern Italy, during a three-year period from 2010 to 2012. The Po Valley area (northern Italy) was chosen as the study domain because of its severe urban. air pollution, resulting from it having the highest population and industrial manufacturing density in the country, being located in a valley where two surrounding mountain chains favor the stagnation of pollutants. We found that the global correlations between the bin-averaged PM-to and AOD are R-2 = 0.83 and R-2 = 0.44 for MYD04_L2 and for MAIAC, respectively, suggesting a greater sensitivity of the high resolution product to small-scale deviations. However, the introduction of Relative Humidity (RH) and Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) depth corrections allowed for a significant improvement to the bin averaged PM AOD correlation, which led to a similar performance: R-2 = 0.96 for MODIS and R-2 = 0.95 for MAIAC. Furthermore, the introduction of the PBL information in the corrected AOD values was found to be crucial in order to capture the clear seasonal cycle shown by measured PM10 values. The study allowed us to define four seasonal linear correlations that estimate PM10 concentrations satisfactorily from the remotely sensed MAIAC AOD retrieval. Overall, the results show that the high resolution provided by MAIAC retrieval data is much more relevant than the 10 km MODIS data to characterize PM10 in this region of Italy which has a pretty limited geographical domain but a broad variety of land usages and consequent particulate concentrations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Arvani, Barbara; Ghermandi, Grazia; Teggi, Sergio] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento Ingn Enzo Ferrari, Via P Vivarelli 10, I-41125 Modena, Italy. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA NESDIS Adv Satellite Prod Branch, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lyapustin, Alexei I.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, Yujie] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Arvani, B (reprint author), Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento Ingn Enzo Ferrari, Via P Vivarelli 10, I-41125 Modena, Italy. EM barbara.arvani@unimore.it RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Teggi, Sergio/0000-0001-7375-0599 FU Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell' Universita e della Ricerca (Project PRIN) [2010WLNFY2] FX This research has been funded by the Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell' Universita e della Ricerca (Project PRIN2010-11, 2010WLNFY2). The authors are thankful for Italian agencies ARPA Emilia-Romagna, ARPA Lombardia, ARPA Piemonte, and ARPA Veneto for providing ground PM10 data. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 141 BP 106 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.037 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DU1EL UT WOS:000381950900010 ER PT J AU Dolan, W Payne, VH Kualwik, SS Bowman, KW AF Dolan, Wayana Payne, Vivienne H. Kualwik, Susan S. Bowman, Kevin W. TI Satellite observations of ethylene (C2H4) from the Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer: A scoping study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ethylene; Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer; Satellite remote sensing ID ARCTAS; OZONE; AIRCRAFT; ISOPRENE; ATLANTIC; MISSION; IMPACT; FIRES; TES; PAN AB We present a study focusing on detection and initial quantitative estimates of ethylene (C2H4) in observations from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), a Fourier transform spectrometer aboard the Aura satellite that measures thermal infrared radiances with high spectral resolution (0.1 cm(-1)). We analyze observations taken in support of the 2008 Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission and demonstrate the feasibility of future development of C2H4 into a TES standard product. In the Northern Hemisphere, C2H4 is commonly associated with boreal fire plumes, motor vehicle exhaust and petrochemical emissions. It has a short lifetime (similar to 14-32 h) in the troposphere due to its reaction with OH and O-3. Chemical destruction of C2H4 in the atmosphere leads to the production of ozone and other species such as carbon monoxide (CO) and formaldehyde. Results indicate a correlation between C2H4 and CO in boreal fire plumes. Quantitative C2H4 estimates are sensitive to assumptions about the plume height and width. We find that C2H4 greater than 2-3 ppbv can be detected in a single TES observation (for a fire plume at 3 km altitude and 1.5 km width). Spatial averaging will be needed for surface-peaking profiles where TES sensitivity is lower. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dolan, Wayana; Payne, Vivienne H.; Bowman, Kevin W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Dolan, Wayana] Occidental Coll, Eagle Rock, CA USA. [Kualwik, Susan S.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst Moffett Field, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Payne, VH (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, M-S 233-200,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM vivienne.h.payne@jpl.nasa.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 141 BP 388 EP 393 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.07.009 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DU1EL UT WOS:000381950900035 ER PT J AU Titos, G Cazorla, A Zieger, P Andrews, E Lyamani, H Granados-Munoz, MJ Olmo, FJ Alados-Arboledas, L AF Titos, G. Cazorla, A. Zieger, P. Andrews, E. Lyamani, H. Granados-Munoz, M. J. Olmo, F. J. Alados-Arboledas, L. TI Effect of hygroscopic growth on the aerosol light-scattering coefficient: A review of measurements, techniques and error sources SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Scattering enhancement; Water uptake; Hygroscopicity; Aerosol light scattering ID ALPINE SITE JUNGFRAUJOCH; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; IN-SITU; HUMIDIFICATION FACTORS; AMMONIUM-SULFATE; WATER-UPTAKE; ACE-ASIA; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS AB Knowledge of the scattering enhancement factor,.f(RH), is important for an accurate description of direct aerosol radiative forcing. This factor is defined as the ratio between the scattering coefficient at enhanced relative humidity, RH, to a reference (dry) scattering coefficient. Here, we review the different experimental designs used to measure the scattering coefficient at dry and humidified conditions as well as the procedures followed to analyze the measurements. Several empirical parameterizations for the relationship between f(RH) and RH have been proposed in the literature. These parameterizations have been reviewed and tested using experimental data representative of different hygroscopic growth behavior and a new parameterization is presented. The potential sources of error in f(RH) are discussed. A Monte Carlo method is used to investigate the overall measurement uncertainty, which is found to be around 20-40% for moderately hygroscopic aerosols. The main factors contributing to this uncertainty are the uncertainty in RH measurement, the dry reference state and the nephelometer uncertainty. A literature survey of nephelometry-based f(RH) measurements is presented as a function of aerosol type. In general, the highest f(RH) values were measured in clean marine environments, with pollution having a major influence on f(RH). Dust aerosol tended to have the lowest reported hygroscopicity of any of the aerosol types studied. Major open questions and suggestions for future research priorities are outlined. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Titos, G.; Cazorla, A.; Lyamani, H.; Granados-Munoz, M. J.; Olmo, F. J.; Alados-Arboledas, L.] Univ Granada, Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res, Granada 18006, Spain. [Titos, G.; Cazorla, A.; Lyamani, H.; Granados-Munoz, M. J.; Olmo, F. J.; Alados-Arboledas, L.] Univ Granada, Dept Appl Phys, Granada 18071, Spain. [Zieger, P.] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem, S-11418 Stockholm, Sweden. [Andrews, E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Titos, G.] IDAEA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona, Spain. [Granados-Munoz, M. J.] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA USA. RP Titos, G (reprint author), Univ Granada, Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res, Granada 18006, Spain. EM gtitos@ugr.es RI Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose/G-9308-2014; OI Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose/0000-0001-8718-5914; Titos Vela, Gloria/0000-0003-3630-5079 FU Andalusia Regional Government [P10-RNM-6299, P12-RNM-2409]; FEDER [CGL2013_45410-R]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; European Union [654109, ACTRIS-2]; Programa del Plan Propio de Investigacion "Contrato Puente" of the University of Granada FX This work was supported by the Andalusia Regional Government through projects P10-RNM-6299 and P12-RNM-2409; by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER through project CGL2013_45410-R; and by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 654109, ACTRIS-2. G. Titos was partially funded by Programa del Plan Propio de Investigacion "Contrato Puente" of the University of Granada. We thank the Stockholm International Meteorological Institute (IMI) for travel support of G. Titos. NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 20 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 141 BP 494 EP 507 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.07.021 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DU1EL UT WOS:000381950900046 ER PT J AU Duval, S Santini, JM Lemaire, D Chaspoul, F Russell, MJ Grimaldi, S Nitschke, W Schoepp-Cothenet, B AF Duval, Simon Santini, Joanne M. Lemaire, David Chaspoul, Florence Russell, Michael J. Grimaldi, Stephane Nitschke, Wolfgang Schoepp-Cothenet, Barbara TI The H-bond network surrounding the pyranopterins modulates redox cooperativity in the molybdenum-bisPGD cofactor in arsenite oxidase SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS LA English DT Article DE Arsenite oxidase; Molybdenum enzyme; Optical spectroscopy; EPR spectroscopy; Redox titrations ID COLI NITRATE REDUCTASE; IRON-SULFUR CENTERS; PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE REDUCTASE; ALCALIGENES-FAECALIS; BINDING-SITE; SEMIQUINONE; OXIDATION; SUBUNIT AB While the molybdenum cofactor in the majority of bisPGD enzymes goes through two consecutive 1-electron redox transitions, previous protein-film voltammetric results indicated the possibility of cooperative (n = 2) redox behavior in the bioenergetic enzyme arsenite oxidase (Aio). Combining equilibrium redox titrations, optical and EPR spectroscopies on concentrated samples obtained via heterologous expression, we unambiguously confirm this claim and quantify Aio's redox cooperativity. The stability constant, K-s of the Mo-v semi-reduced intermediate is found to be lower than 10(-3). Site-directed mutagenesis of residues in the vicinity of the Mo-cofactor demonstrates that the degree of redox cooperativity is sensitive to H-bonding interactions between the pyranopterin moieties and amino acid residues. Remarkably, in particular replacing the Gln-726 residue by Gly results in stabilization of (low-temperature) EPR-observable Mo-v with K-s = 4. As evidenced by comparison of room temperature optical and low temperature EPR titrations, the degree of stabilization is temperature dependent. This highlights the importance of room-temperature redox characterizations for correctly interpreting catalytic properties in this group of enzymes. Geochemical and phylogenetic data strongly indicate that molybdenum played an essential biocatalytic roles in early life. Molybdenum's redox versatility and in particular the ability to show cooperative (n = 2) redox behavior provide a rationale for its paramount catalytic importance throughout the evolutionary history of life. Implications of the H-bonding network modulating Molybdenum's redox properties on details of a putative inorganic metabolism at life's origin are discussed. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Duval, Simon; Grimaldi, Stephane; Nitschke, Wolfgang; Schoepp-Cothenet, Barbara] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, IMM FR 3479, 31 Chemin J Aiguier, F-13402 Marseille 20, France. [Santini, Joanne M.] UCL, Inst Struct & Mol Biol, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Lemaire, David] CEA Cadarache, Inst Biol Environm & Biotechnol, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Chaspoul, Florence] Aix Marseille Univ, IMBE, IRD CNRS UAPV, Fac Pharm, F-13005 Marseille, France. [Russell, Michael J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Schoepp-Cothenet, B (reprint author), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, IMM FR 3479, 31 Chemin J Aiguier, F-13402 Marseille 20, France. EM schoepp@imm.cnrs.fr OI Grimaldi, Stephane/0000-0002-9559-6112 FU CNRS; CEA; Aix-Marseille University; ANR [11-BSV5-005-01]; NASA Astrobiology Institute (Icy Worlds); French EPR network (RENARD) [IR3443] FX We thank Axel Magalon and Frederic Biaso for helpful discussions and Pierre Ceccaldi for Nar preparation. Our work is funded by the CNRS, CEA, Aix-Marseille University, ANR (Project MC2, 11-BSV5-005-01). MJR's research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and with support by the NASA Astrobiology Institute (Icy Worlds). The authors are grateful to the EPR facilities available at the Aix-Marseille University EPR center, and to financial support from the French EPR network (RENARD, IR3443). NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2728 EI 0006-3002 J9 BBA-BIOENERGETICS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Bioenerg. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 1857 IS 9 BP 1353 EP 1362 DI 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.05.003 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA DV0EI UT WOS:000382590400001 PM 27207587 ER PT J AU Gilman, E Chaloupka, M Swimmer, Y Piovano, S AF Gilman, Eric Chaloupka, Milani Swimmer, Yonat Piovano, Susanna TI A cross-taxa assessment of pelagic longline by-catch mitigation measures: conflicts and mutual benefits to elasmobranchs SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE At-vessel mortality; by-catch; circle hook; ray; shark; wire leader ID SHARK ALOPIAS-SUPERCILIOSUS; EASTERN PACIFIC-OCEAN; TUNA THUNNUS-OBESUS; SEA-TURTLE BYCATCH; CIRCLE HOOKS; POSTRELEASE SURVIVAL; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; DISCARD MORTALITY; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC AB Elasmobranch mortality in pelagic longline fisheries poses a risk to some populations, alters the distribution of abundance between sympatric competitors, changing ecosystem structure, processes and stability. Individual and synergistic effects on elasmobranch catch and survival from pelagic longline gear factors, including methods prescribed to mitigate bycatch of other vulnerable taxa, were determined. Overall relative risk of higher circle vs. J-shaped hook shark catch rates conditioned on potentially informative moderators, from 30 studies, was estimated using an inverse-precision weighted mixed-effects meta-regression modelling approach. Sharks had a 1.20 times (95% CI: 1.03-1.39) significantly higher pooled relative risk of capture on circle hooks, with two significant moderators. The pooled relative risk estimate of ray circle hook catch from 15 studies was not significant (RR=1.22, 95% CI: 0.89-1.66) with no significant moderators. From a literature review, wire leaders had higher shark catch and haulback mortality than monofilament. Interacting effects of hook, bait and leader affect shark catch rates: hook shape and width and bait type determine hooking position and ability to sever monofilament leaders. Circle hooks increased elasmobranch catch, but reduced haulback mortality and deep hooking relative to J-shaped hooks of the same or narrower width. Using fish vs. squid for bait increased shark catch and deep hooking. Pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) catch and mortality were lower on wider hooks. Using circle instead of J-shaped hooks and fish instead of squid for bait, while benefitting sea turtles, odontocetes and possibly seabirds, exacerbates elasmobranch catch and injury, therefore warranting fishery-specific assessments to determine relative risks. C1 [Gilman, Eric] Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, HI USA. [Gilman, Eric] Pelag Fisheries Res Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. [Chaloupka, Milani] Univ Queensland, Ecol Modeling Serv, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Chaloupka, Milani] Univ Queensland, POB 6150, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Swimmer, Yonat] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 501 W Ocean Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Piovano, Susanna] Univ South Pacific, Laucala Campus,Private Mail Bag, Suva, Fiji. RP Gilman, E (reprint author), 3661 Loulu St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM EGilman@FisheriesResearchGroup.org FU Sustainable Fisheries Fund Program of the Resources Legacy Fund; Nature Conservancy FX We are grateful for assistance provided by Victoria Jeffers, University of Exeter, with compiling literature. We acknowledge the assistance provided by Andre Afonso to correct copyediting errors in a table in Afonso et al. (2012). We are grateful for clarifications provided by John Watson and Daniel Foster on leader materials used in an experiment from which findings were published in Watson et al. (2005), Epperly et al. (2012), and Foster et al. (2012). Peer reviewer and journal editor comments greatly improved the manuscript. The Sustainable Fisheries Fund Program of the Resources Legacy Fund and The Nature Conservancy contributed financial support for this study. NR 160 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 16 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 17 IS 3 BP 748 EP 784 DI 10.1111/faf.12143 PG 37 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DU8VW UT WOS:000382494600012 ER PT J AU Cavosie, AJ Timms, NE Erickson, TM Hagerty, JJ Horz, F AF Cavosie, Aaron J. Timms, Nicholas E. Erickson, Timmons M. Hagerty, Justin J. Horz, Friedrich TI Transformations to granular zircon revealed: Twinning, reidite, and ZrO2 in shocked zircon from Meteor Crater (Arizona, USA) SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID U-PB; VREDEFORT IMPACT; SOUTH-AFRICA; METAMORPHISM; MICROSTRUCTURES; DECOMPOSITION; DEFORMATION; BADDELEYITE; MINERALS; EVENTS AB Granular zircon in impact environments has long been recognized but remains poorly understood due to lack of experimental data to identify mechanisms involved in its genesis. Meteor Crater in Arizona (USA) contains abundant evidence of shock metamorphism, including shocked quartz, the high-pressure polymorphs coesite and stishovite, diaplectic SiO2 glass, and lechatelierite (fused SiO2). Here we report the presence of granular zircon, a new shocked-mineral discovery at Meteor Crater, that preserve critical orientation evidence of specific transformations that occurred during formation at extreme impact conditions. The zircon grains occur as aggregates of sub-micrometer neoblasts in highly shocked Coconino Sandstone (CS) comprised of lechatelierite. Electron backscatter diffraction shows that each grain consists of multiple domains, some with boundaries disoriented by 65 degrees around < 110 >, a known {112} shock-twin orientation. Other domains have {001} in alignment with {110} of neighboring domains, consistent with the former presence of the high-pressure ZrSiO4 polymorph reidite. Additionally, nearly all zircon preserve ZrO2 + SiO2, providing evidence of partial dissociation. The genesis of CS granular zircon started with detrital zircon that experienced shock twinning and reidite formation at pressures from 20 to 30 GPa, ultimately yielding a phase that retained crystallographic memory; this phase subsequently recrystallized to systematically oriented zircon neoblasts, and in some areas partially dissociated to ZrO2. The lechatelierite matrix, experimentally constrained to form at >2000 degrees C, provided the ultrahigh-temperature environment for zircon dissociation (similar to 1670 degrees C) and neoblast formation. The capacity of granular zircon to preserve a cumulative pressure-temperature record has not been recognized previously, and provides a new method for investigating histories of impact-related mineral transformations in the crust at conditions far beyond those at which most rocks melt. C1 [Cavosie, Aaron J.; Timms, Nicholas E.; Erickson, Timmons M.] Curtin Univ, Dept Appl Geol, TIGeR Inst Geosci Res, Perth, WA 6102, Australia. [Cavosie, Aaron J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Astrobiol Inst, NASA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cavosie, Aaron J.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Geol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Hagerty, Justin J.] USGS, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Horz, Friedrich] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Dept Sci, Jets,HX5,ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Cavosie, AJ (reprint author), Curtin Univ, Dept Appl Geol, TIGeR Inst Geosci Res, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.; Cavosie, AJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Astrobiol Inst, NASA, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Cavosie, AJ (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Geol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. OI Erickson, Timmons/0000-0003-4520-7294 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1145118]; USGS Meteor Crater Sample Collection; NASA Astrobiology program; Curtin Research Fellowship; Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility at Curtin University FX B. Hess prepared the sample. Editor J.B. Murphy, S. Kamo, W. Cordua, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments. Support was provided by the National Science Foundation (grant EAR-1145118), the USGS Meteor Crater Sample Collection, the NASA Astrobiology program, a Curtin Research Fellowship, and the Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility at Curtin University. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 2016 VL 44 IS 9 BP 703 EP 706 DI 10.1130/G38043.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA DU9FV UT WOS:000382522700004 ER PT J AU Wang, YS Hyyppa, J Liang, XL Kaartinen, H Yu, XW Lindberg, E Holmgren, J Qin, YC Mallet, C Ferraz, A Torabzadeh, H Morsdorf, F Zhu, LL Liu, JB Alho, P AF Wang, Yunsheng Hyyppa, Juha Liang, Xinlian Kaartinen, Harri Yu, Xiaowei Lindberg, Eva Holmgren, Johan Qin, Yuchu Mallet, Clement Ferraz, Antonio Torabzadeh, Hossein Morsdorf, Felix Zhu, Lingli Liu, Jingbin Alho, Petteri TI International Benchmarking of the Individual Tree Detection Methods for Modeling 3-D Canopy Structure for Silviculture and Forest Ecology Using Airborne Laser Scanning SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Airborne laser scanning (ALS); benchmark; canopy structure; crown class; individual tree detection (ITD); LiDAR; point cloud; subordinate tree ID LIDAR POINT CLOUD; SEGMENTATION; CROWNS; STANDS AB Canopy structure plays an essential role in biophysical activities in forest environments. However, quantitative descriptions of a 3-D canopy structure are extremely difficult because of the complexity and heterogeneity of forest systems. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) provides an opportunity to automatically measure a 3-D canopy structure in large areas. Compared with other point cloud technologies such as the image-based Structure from Motion, the power of ALS lies in its ability to penetrate canopies and depict subordinate trees. However, such capabilities have been poorly explored so far. In this paper, the potential of ALS-based approaches in depicting a 3-D canopy structure is explored in detail through an international benchmarking of five recently developed ALS-based individual tree detection (ITD) methods. For the first time, the results of the ITD methods are evaluated for each of four crown classes, i.e., dominant, codominant, intermediate, and suppressed trees, which provides insight toward understanding the current status of depicting a 3-D canopy structure using ITD methods, particularly with respect to their performances, potential, and challenges. This benchmarking study revealed that the canopy structure plays a considerable role in the detection accuracy of ITD methods, and its influence is even greater than that of the tree species as well as the species composition in a stand. The study also reveals the importance of utilizing the point cloud data for the detection of intermediate and suppressed trees. Different from what has been reported in previous studies, point density was found to be a highly influential factor in the performance of the methods that use point cloud data. Greater efforts should be invested in the point-based or hybrid ITD approaches to model the 3-D canopy structure and to further explore the potential of high-density and multiwavelengths ALS data. C1 [Wang, Yunsheng; Hyyppa, Juha; Liang, Xinlian; Kaartinen, Harri; Yu, Xiaowei; Zhu, Lingli; Liu, Jingbin; Alho, Petteri] FGI, Finnish Geospatial Res Inst, Dept Remote Sensing & Photogrammetry, Masala 02431, Finland. [Wang, Yunsheng; Alho, Petteri] Univ Turku, Geog Sect, Dept Geog & Geol, Turku 20014, Finland. [Hyyppa, Juha; Liang, Xinlian; Kaartinen, Harri; Yu, Xiaowei; Zhu, Lingli; Liu, Jingbin] Acad Finland, Ctr Excellence Laser Scanning Res, Helsinki 00531, Finland. [Lindberg, Eva; Holmgren, Johan] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resource Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Qin, Yuchu; Mallet, Clement; Ferraz, Antonio] Univ Paris Est, IGN, MATIS, F-94160 Paris, France. [Ferraz, Antonio] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Torabzadeh, Hossein; Morsdorf, Felix] Univ Zurich, Remote Sensing Labs, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Torabzadeh, Hossein] Bu Ali Sina Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Hamadan 651784161, Iran. RP Liang, XL (reprint author), FGI, Finnish Geospatial Res Inst, Dept Remote Sensing & Photogrammetry, Masala 02431, Finland. EM xinlian.liang@fgi.fi RI Alho, Petteri/B-7989-2013; Ferraz, Antonio/D-9662-2017; OI Alho, Petteri/0000-0001-5252-9609; Ferraz, Antonio/0000-0002-5328-5471; Mallet, Clement/0000-0002-2675-165X FU Finnish Academy through project "Centre of Excellence in Laser Scanning Research (CoE-LaSR)" [272195]; Finnish Academy through project "Interaction of Lidar/Radar Beams with Forests Using Mini-UAV and Mobile Forest Tomography" [259348]; Finnish Academy through project "Competence Based Growth Through Integrated Disruptive Technologies of 3-D Digitalization, Robotics, Geospatial Information and Image Processing/Computing Point Cloud Ecosystem" [293389]; European Community [606971]; French National Research Agency through the FORESEE Project [ANR-2010-BIOE-008]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory through the NASA Postdoctoral Program; Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA FX This work was supported in part by the Finnish Academy through projects "Centre of Excellence in Laser Scanning Research (CoE-LaSR)" under Grant 272195, "Interaction of Lidar/Radar Beams with Forests Using Mini-UAV and Mobile Forest Tomography" under Grant 259348, and "Competence Based Growth Through Integrated Disruptive Technologies of 3-D Digitalization, Robotics, Geospatial Information and Image Processing/Computing Point Cloud Ecosystem" under Grant 293389 and in part by the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 606971. The work of Y. Qin, C. Mallet, and A. Ferraz was supported by the French National Research Agency through the FORESEE Project under Grant ANR-2010-BIOE-008. The work of A. Ferraz was supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory through the NASA Postdoctoral Program, which was administrated by the Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. Y. Wang, J. Hyyppa, and X. Liang contributed equally to this work. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 22 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2016 VL 54 IS 9 BP 5011 EP 5027 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2543225 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DV1NZ UT WOS:000382689300001 ER PT J AU Smith, GL Thomas, S Priestley, KJ Walikainen, D AF Smith, G. Louis Thomas, Susan Priestley, Kory J. Walikainen, Dale TI Tropical Mean Fluxes: A Tool for Calibration and Validation of CERES Radiometers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Clouds and the earth's radiant energy system (CERES); in-flight calibration; radiation budget; radiometry; remote sensing; validation ID RADIANT ENERGY SYSTEM; DATA RECORD VALIDATION; ABOARD EOS TERRA; FLIGHT MODEL 5; INSTRUMENTS ABOARD; OCEAN MEASUREMENTS; CLOUDS; PERFORMANCE; SENSORS AB The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument requires in-flight calibration and validation to maintain its accuracy during orbit operations over an extended period. An internal calibration system provides calibration for the three channels; however, there is no device for calibration of the shortwave response of the total channel. A three-channel comparison technique has been developed to calibrate the shortwave response of the total channel using the tropical oceans as a vicarious calibration target. The difference between day and night outgoing longwave radiances (OLR) averaged over the tropical oceans is used to validate the day OLR. This paper evaluates the efficacy of the technique. A relation is computed at night between the window channel radiance and the OLR retrieved from the total channel for each month for each instrument. The relation has a standard deviation of 0.28 W.m(-2).sr(-1). Given 120 months of data, the precision of the curved line faired through these data is better than 0.05 W.m(-2).sr(-1). A bias is found between FM-1 and FM-3 of 0.3 W.m(-2).sr(-1), which is taken to be the accuracy with which the total channels can be calibrated with the internal blackbodies. This result includes the differences of longwave spectral responses of the instruments. The tropical mean OLR is between 87.4 and 90.2 W.m(-2).sr(-1) at night, with a standard deviation of 0.44 for FM-1 and 0.47 W.m(-2).sr(-1) for FM-3. The average difference between day and night tropical mean from the four instruments is 0.6 +/- 0.09 W.m(-2).sr(-1) over their data periods. C1 [Smith, G. Louis; Thomas, Susan; Walikainen, Dale] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Priestley, Kory J.] Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Smith, GL (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM g.l.smith@nasa.gov FU Earth Science Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Science Directorate of the Langley Research Center (LaRC); LaRC through Space Sciences Applications, Inc FX This work was supported by the Earth Science Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Science Directorate of the Langley Research Center (LaRC). The work of G. L. Smith, S. Thomas and D. Walikainen was supported by LaRC through a contract with Space Sciences Applications, Inc. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2016 VL 54 IS 9 BP 5135 EP 5142 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2556581 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DV1NZ UT WOS:000382689300010 ER PT J AU Polivka, TN Wang, J Ellison, LT Hyer, EJ Ichoku, CM AF Polivka, Thomas N. Wang, Jun Ellison, Luke T. Hyer, Edward J. Ichoku, Charles M. TI Improving Nocturnal Fire Detection With the VIIRS Day-Night Band SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Day-night band (DNB); fire detection; fires; gas flares; Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS); visible light at night; wildfires ID PIXEL-BASED CALCULATION; RADIATIVE POWER; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; SATELLITE DETECTION; INITIAL ASSESSMENT; SOUTH-AMERICA; INFRARED DATA; GAS FLARES; SCAR-B; MODIS AB Building on existing techniques for satellite remote sensing of fires, this paper takes advantage of the day-night band (DNB) aboard the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) to develop the Firelight Detection Algorithm (FILDA), which characterizes fire pixels based on both visible-light and infrared (IR) signatures at night. By adjusting fire pixel selection criteria to include visible-light signatures, FILDA allows for significantly improved detection of pixels with smaller and/or cooler subpixel hotspots than the operational Interface Data Processing System (IDPS) algorithm. VIIRS scenes with near-coincident Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection (ASTER) overpasses are examined after applying the operational VIIRS fire product algorithm and including a modified "candidate fire pixel selection" approach from FILDA that lowers the 4-mu m brightness temperature (BT) threshold but includes a minimum DNB radiance. FILDA is shown to be effective in detecting gas flares and characterizing fire lines during large forest fires (such as the Rim Fire in California and High Park fire in Colorado). Compared with the operational VIIRS fire algorithm for the study period, FILDA shows a large increase (up to 90%) in the number of detected fire pixels that can be verified with the finer resolution ASTER data (90 m). Part (30%) of this increase is likely due to a combined use of DNB and lower 4-mu m BT thresholds for fire detection in FILDA. Although further studies are needed, quantitative use of the DNB to improve fire detection could lead to reduced response times to wildfires and better estimate of fire characteristics (smoldering and flaming) at night. C1 [Polivka, Thomas N.; Wang, Jun] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Ellison, Luke T.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Ellison, Luke T.; Ichoku, Charles M.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hyer, Edward J.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Polivka, TN (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM thomas.polivka@huskers.unl.edu; jwangjun@gmail.com; luke.ellison@nasa.gov; edward.hyer@nrlmry.navy.mil; charles.ichoku@nasa.gov RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008 OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490 FU NASA FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Suomi NPP Program and Applied Science Program managed by John A. Haynes and Lawrence A. Friedl and in part by the Interdisciplinary Studies (IDS) Program directed by J. Kaye and administered through the Radiation Sciences Program managed by Hal B. Maring. The work of T. Polivka was also supported by the NASA Nebraska Space Grant. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2016 VL 54 IS 9 BP 5503 EP 5519 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2566665 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DV1NZ UT WOS:000382689300038 ER PT J AU Khan, A van Driel, M Bose, M Giardini, D Ceylan, S Yan, J Clinton, J Euchner, F Lognonne, P Murdoch, N Mimoun, D Panning, M Knapmeyer, M Banerdt, WB AF Khan, A. van Driel, M. Bose, M. Giardini, D. Ceylan, S. Yan, J. Clinton, J. Euchner, F. Lognonne, P. Murdoch, N. Mimoun, D. Panning, M. Knapmeyer, M. Banerdt, W. B. TI Single-station and single-event marsquake location and inversion for structure using synthetic Martian waveforms SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Waveforms; Marsquakes; Interior structure; Surface waves; Body-waves; Travel times; Surface-wave overtones; Inversion ID LUNAR MANTLE; GEOPHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS; INTERIOR STRUCTURE; TIDAL DISSIPATION; SEISMIC DETECTION; MARS; MODEL; EARTH; CORE; MOON AB In anticipation of the upcoming InSight mission, which is expected to deploy a single seismic station on the Martian surface in November 2018, we describe a methodology that enables locating marsquakes and obtaining information on the interior structure of Mars. The method works sequentially and is illustrated using single representative 3 -component seismograms from two separate events: a relatively large teleseismic event (Mw5.1) and a small-to-moderate-sized regional event (M(w)3.8). Location and origin time of the event is determined probabilistically from observations of Rayleigh waves and body-wave arrivals. From the recording of surface waves, averaged fundamental-mode group velocity dispersion data can be extracted and, in combination with body-wave arrival picks, inverted for crust and mantle structure. In the absence of Martian seismic data, we performed full waveform computations using a spectral element method (AxiSEM) to compute seismograms down to a period of 1 s. The model (radial profiles of density, P- and S-wave-speed, and attenuation) used for this purpose is constructed on the basis of an average Martian mantle composition and model areotherm using thermodynamic principles, mineral physics data, and viscoelastic modeling. Noise was added to the synthetic seismic data using an up-todate noise model that considers a whole series of possible noise sources generated in instrument and Iander, including wind-, thermal-, and pressure-induced effects and electromagnetic noise. The examples studied here, which are based on the assumption of spherical symmetry, show that we are able to determine epicentral distance and origin time to accuracies of similar to 0.5-1 degrees and +/- 3-6 s, respectively. For the events and the particular noise level chosen, information on Rayleigh-wave group velocity dispersion in the period range similar to 14-48 s (M(w)5.1) and similar to 14-34 s (M(w)3.8) could be determined. Stochastic inversion of dispersion data in combination with body-wave travel time information for interior structure, allows us to constrain mantle velocity structure to an uncertainty of 5%. Employing the travel times obtained with the initially inverted models, we are able to locate additional body-wave arrivals including depth phases, surface and Moho (multiple) reflections that may otherwise elude visual identification. This expanded data set is reinverted to refine interior structure models and source parameters (epicentral distance and origin time). (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Khan, A.; van Driel, M.; Bose, M.; Giardini, D.; Ceylan, S.; Yan, J.; Euchner, F.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geophys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Bose, M.; Clinton, J.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Swiss Seismol Serv, Zurich, Switzerland. [Lognonne, P.] Inst Phys Globe Paris, Paris, France. [Murdoch, N.; Mimoun, D.] Univ Toulouse, ISAE SUPAERO, DEOS Syst Spatiaux, Toulouse, France. [Panning, M.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. [Knapmeyer, M.] DLR, Inst Planetary Res, Berlin, Germany. [Banerdt, W. B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Khan, A (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geophys, Zurich, Switzerland. EM amir.khan@erdw.ethz.ch RI Lognonne, Philippe/F-8846-2010; Panning, Mark/B-3805-2011 OI Panning, Mark/0000-0002-2041-3190 FU Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF-ANR project) [157133]; Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) [s528] FX We would like to thank Lapo Boschi and an anonymous reviewer for comments on the manuscript. We would also like to acknowledge Francis Nimmo for sharing his visco-elastic attenuation code. This work was supported by grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF-ANR project 157133 "Seismology on Mars") and from the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) under project ID s528. Numerical computations have also been performed on the ETH cluster Brutus. NR 89 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-9201 EI 1872-7395 J9 PHYS EARTH PLANET IN JI Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 258 BP 28 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.pepi.2016.05.017 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DU7SK UT WOS:000382414700003 ER PT J AU McClelland, M Campbell, M Estlin, T AF McClelland, Mark Campbell, Mark Estlin, Tara TI Qualitative relational mapping and navigation for planetary rovers SO ROBOTICS AND AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Navigation; Qualitative spatial reasoning; Qualitative methods; Mapping; Landmark navigation ID MOBILE ROBOTS; MAP; CONSISTENCY; INFORMATION; SPACE; SLAM AB This paper presents a novel method for qualitative mapping of large scale spaces which decouples the mapping problem from that of position estimation. The proposed framework makes use of a graphical representation of the world in order to build a map consisting of qualitative constraints on the geometric relationships between landmark triplets. This process allows a mobile robot to extract information about landmark positions using a set of minimal sensors in the absence of GPS. A novel measurement method based on camera imagery is presented which extends previous work from the field of Qualitative Spatial Reasoning. A Branch-and-Bound approach is taken to solve a set of non-convex feasibility problems required for generating off-line operator lookup tables and on-line measurements, which are fused into the map using an iterative graph update. A navigation approach for travel between distant landmarks is developed, using estimates of the Relative Neighborhood Graph extracted from the qualitative map in order to generate a sequence of landmark objectives based on proximity. Average and asymptotic performance of the mapping algorithm is evaluated using Monte Carlo tests on randomly generated maps, and a data-driven simulation is presented for a robot traversing the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Mars Yard while building a relational map. These results demonstrate that the system can be effectively used to build a map sufficiently complete and accurate for long-distance navigation as well as other applications. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McClelland, Mark; Campbell, Mark] Cornell Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Estlin, Tara] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [McClelland, Mark] Cornell Univ, Mech Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Campbell, Mark] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Estlin, Tara] Mission Syst & Operat Div, Pasadena, CA USA. RP McClelland, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.; McClelland, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Mech Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mjm496@cornell.edu; mc288@cornell.edu; Tara.Estlin@jpl.nasa.gov RI Campbell, Mark/F-8312-2013 OI Campbell, Mark/0000-0003-0775-4297 FU National Science Foundation [IIS-1320490]; NASA Graduate Student Research Program FX The research presented in this paper has been supported by National Science Foundation grant IIS-1320490 and a fellowship from the NASA Graduate Student Research Program. This work was performed by Cornell University and by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8890 EI 1872-793X J9 ROBOT AUTON SYST JI Robot. Auton. Syst. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 83 BP 73 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.robot.2016.05.017 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA DU6SB UT WOS:000382343800006 ER PT J AU Patarasuk, R Gurney, KR O'Keeffe, D Song, Y Huang, JH Rao, P Buchert, M Lin, JC Mendoza, D Ehleringer, JR AF Patarasuk, Risa Gurney, Kevin Robert O'Keeffe, Darragh Song, Yang Huang, Jianhua Rao, Preeti Buchert, Martin Lin, John C. Mendoza, Daniel Ehleringer, James R. TI Urban high-resolution fossil fuel CO2 emissions quantification and exploration of emission drivers for potential policy applications SO URBAN ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Residential; Onroad; STIRPAT; Urban carbon; Hestia; Bottom-up approach ID HOUSEHOLD ENERGY-CONSUMPTION; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE SOURCES; SEA-LEVEL RISE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTEGRATED APPROACH; IMPACT; SECTOR; MODEL; LIFE AB Fossil fuel carbon dioxide (FFCO2) emissions are the largest driver of anthropogenic climate change. Approximately three-quarters of the world's fossil fuels carbon dioxide emissions are generated in urban areas. We used the Hestia high resolution approach to quantify FFCO2 for Salt Lake County, Utah, USA and demonstrate the importance of high resolution quantification to urban emissions mitigation policymaking. We focus on the residential and onroad sectors across both urbanized and urbanizing parts of the valley. Stochastic Impact by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) regression models using sociodemographic data at the census block group level shows that population, per capita income, and building age exhibit positive relationships while household size shows a negative relationship with FFCO2 emissions. Compact development shows little effect on FFCO2 emissions in this domain. FFCO2 emissions in high income block groups is twice as sensitive to income than low income block groups. Emissions are four times as sensitive to household size in low-income versus high-income block groups. These results suggest that policy options targeting personal responsibility or knowledge feedback loops may be the most effective strategies. Examples include utility bill performance comparison or publicly available energy maps identifying high-emitting areas. Within the onroad sector, high emissions density (FFCO2/km) is associated with primary roads, while high emissions intensity (FFCO2/VMT) is associated with secondary roads. Opportunities exist for alignment of public transportation extension with remaining high emission road segments, offering a prioritization of new onroad transportation policy in Salt Lake County. C1 [Patarasuk, Risa; Gurney, Kevin Robert; O'Keeffe, Darragh; Song, Yang; Huang, Jianhua] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Gurney, Kevin Robert; O'Keeffe, Darragh] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, POB 875502, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Rao, Preeti] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Buchert, Martin] Univ Utah, Global Change & Sustainabil Ctr, 155 South 1452 East, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Lin, John C.; Mendoza, Daniel] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, 135 South 1460 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Ehleringer, James R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Patarasuk, R (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM risa.patarasuk@asu.edu OI Buchert, Martin/0000-0001-5974-001X; Rao, Preeti/0000-0002-5549-0583 FU Department of Energy [DE-SC-001-0624]; National Science Foundation [EF-01241286]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB14H321]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program [NA14OAR4310178] FX This research was supported by grants from the Department of Energy DE-SC-001-0624, the National Science Foundation grant EF-01241286, National Institute of Standards and Technology grant 70NANB14H321, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program grant NA14OAR4310178. We also would like to thank Jerome Zenger, Kevin Bell, and Semih Yildiz for assisting with the data collection and inquiry. NR 109 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 19 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1083-8155 EI 1573-1642 J9 URBAN ECOSYST JI Urban Ecosyst. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1013 EP 1039 DI 10.1007/s11252-016-0553-1 PG 27 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Urban Studies SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies GA DV1HB UT WOS:000382670600001 ER PT J AU Liu, YC Xu, YH Hicks, MC Avedisian, CT AF Liu, Yu Cheng Xu, Yuhao Hicks, Michael C. Avedisian, C. Thomas TI Comprehensive study of initial diameter effects and other observations on convection-free droplet combustion in the standard atmosphere for n-heptane, n-octane, and n-decane SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Droplet combustion; Microgravity; Extinction; Radiation; Low temperature combustion; Soot formation ID MICROGRAVITY CONDITIONS; SOOT FORMATION; FUEL DROPLETS; BURNING RATE; COOL-FLAMES; LOW-GRAVITY; EXTINCTION; MIXTURES; VAPORIZATION; RADIATION AB This paper reports the results of a comprehensive experimental study on the effect of initial droplet diameter (Do) over a very wide range (0.5 mm < D-0 < 5 mm) on the spherically symmetric droplet burning characteristics in the standard atmosphere of three alkanes - n-heptane, n-octane and n-decane - that are representative of components found in petroleum-based transportation fuels and their surrogates. Spherical symmetry in the burning process was promoted by carrying out the experiments in a reduced convection (stagnant ambience) and buoyancy (low gravity) environment using the facilities of a ground based drop tower for D-0 < 0.8 mm and a spaced-based platform (the International Space Station) for D-0 > 1.0 mm. The results show that for Do greater than about 2 mm, K decreases with increasing Do in an early period of burning and with the data being correlated in the form K similar to D-0(-n) based on a scale analysis of an energy balance on the flame. For Do larger than approximately 2 mm the droplet flames often disappeared indicating an extinction mechanism that was speculated to be due to radiative losses from the flame. Concurrently, measurements of wideband radiation dropped significantly and the burning rate gradually approached pure evaporation. In some instances for n-heptane and n-octane radiative extinction was accompanied by droplet evaporation rates that were significantly higher than evaporation in a hot ambience which persisted for a significant fraction of the burning history before decreasing to evaporation in a cold ambience. An energy balance on the drop related the flame temperature to droplet diameter from which it was predicted that flame temperatures after ignition were greater than 1200 K before dropping to under approximately 800 K and remaining constant thereafter until eventually reaching near ambient conditions. This intermediate regime of burning was conjectured to be associated with a low temperature combustion process. The transition to this intermediate regime upon radiative extinction was occasionally accompanied by flame oscillations, the origin of which was uncertain but could have been initiated by motion of the droplet owing to the deployment process. (C) 2016 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Yu Cheng] Univ Michigan Flint, Dept Comp Sci Engn & Phys, Flint, MI 48502 USA. [Xu, Yuhao; Avedisian, C. Thomas] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hicks, Michael C.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Combust & Reacting Syst Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Liu, Yu Cheng] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Combust Energy, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Avedisian, CT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cta2@cornell.edu OI Liu, Yu Cheng/0000-0001-7954-717X FU National Administration of Space and Aeronautics (NASA) [NNX08AI51G] FX This work was supported by the National Administration of Space and Aeronautics (NASA) under Grants NNX08AI51G to Cornell University (where the ground-based experiments were carried out). The authors are pleased to acknowledge Drs. Vedha Nayagam and Daniel Dietrich of NASA-Glenn who offered insights regarding data analysis and combustion physics of some of the observed trends and assistance with some of the reported experiments. Messrs Jeff Rah, Koffi Trenou, Wei-Chih Kuo and Anthony Savas of Cornell provided assistance with the experiments reported here and analyses of the data. The interest of F.A. Williams (UC-San Diego), F.L. Dryer (Princeton), T. Farouk (U. South Carolina), and B.D. Shaw (UC-Davis)) is also greatly appreciated. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD SEP PY 2016 VL 171 BP 27 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.combustfiame.2016.05.013 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DU9CE UT WOS:000382513000003 ER PT J AU de Wit, J Wakeford, HR Gillon, M Lewis, NK Valenti, JA Demory, BO Burgasser, AJ Burdanov, A Delrez, L Jehin, E Lederer, SM Queloz, D Triaud, AHMJ Van Grootel, V AF de Wit, Julien Wakeford, Hannah R. Gillon, Michael Lewis, Nikole K. Valenti, Jeff A. Demory, Brice-Olivier Burgasser, Adam J. Burdanov, Artem Delrez, Laetitia Jehin, Emmanuel Lederer, Susan M. Queloz, Didier Triaud, Amaury H. M. J. Van Grootel, Valerie TI A combined transmission spectrum of the Earth-sized exoplanets TRAPPIST-1 b and c SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HABITABLE-ZONE; LIGHT CURVES; SUPER-EARTHS; GJ 1214B; SPECTROSCOPY; ATMOSPHERES; PLANETS; KEPLER; EVAPORATION AB Three Earth-sized exoplanets were recently discovered close to the habitable zone(1,2) of the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 (ref. 3). The nature of these planets has yet to be determined, as their masses remain unmeasured and no observational constraint is available for the planetary population surrounding ultracool dwarfs, of which the TRAPPIST-1 planets are the first transiting example. Theoretical predictions span the entire atmospheric range, from depleted to extended hydrogen-dominated atmospheres(4-8). Here we report observations of the combined transmission spectrum of the two inner planets during their simultaneous transits on 4 May 2016. The lack of features in the combined spectrum rules out doud-free hydrogen-dominated atmospheres for each planet at >= 10 sigma levels; TRAPPIST-1 b and c are therefore unlikely to have an extended gas envelope as they occupy a region of parameter space in which high-altitude cloud/haze formation is not expected to be significant for hydrogen-dominated atmospheres(9). Many denser atmospheres remain consistent with the featureless transmission spectrum from a cloud-free water-vapour atmosphere to a Venus-like one. C1 [de Wit, Julien] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wakeford, Hannah R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gillon, Michael; Burdanov, Artem; Delrez, Laetitia; Jehin, Emmanuel; Van Grootel, Valerie] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Allee 6 Aout 19C, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Lewis, Nikole K.; Valenti, Jeff A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Demory, Brice-Olivier; Queloz, Didier] Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, 19 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Burgasser, Adam J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Lederer, Susan M.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.] Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP de Wit, J (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jdewit@mit.edu OI Wakeford, Hannah/0000-0003-4328-3867 FU NASA through Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-GO-14500]; European Research Council (ERC) [336480]; Action de Recherche Concertee (ARC) by Wallonia-Brussels Federation; NASA; Fund for Research Training in Industry and Agriculture of the FRS-FNRS FX This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope that were obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. These observations are associated with program HST-GO-14500 (principal investigator J.d.W.), support for which was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute. The research leading to our results was funded in part by the European Research Council (ERC) under the FP/2007-2013 ERC grant 336480, and through an Action de Recherche Concertee (ARC) grant financed by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation. H.R.W. acknowledges support through an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by the Universities Space Research Association through a contract with NASA. M.G. is Research Associate at the Belgian Fonds (National) de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS). L.D. acknowledges support of the Fund for Research Training in Industry and Agriculture of the FRS-FNRS. We thank D. Taylor, S. Deustua, P. McCullough, and N. Reid for their assistance in planning and executing our observations. We are also grateful for discussions with Z. Berta-Thompson and Pierre Magain about this study and manuscript. We thank the ATLAS and PHOENIX teams for providing stellar models. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 12 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 537 IS 7618 BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.1038/nature18641 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DU7XC UT WOS:000382426900039 PM 27437572 ER PT J AU Sears, DWG AF Sears, Derek W. G. TI The CO chondrites: Major recent Antarctic finds, their thermal and radiation history, and describing the metamorphic history of members of the class SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE CO chondrites; Metamorphism; Thermoluminescence; Antarctic meteorites ID UNEQUILIBRATED ORDINARY CHONDRITES; NATURAL THERMOLUMINESCENCE; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; TERRESTRIAL AGES; TYPE-3 CHONDRITES; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; PARENT-BODY; METEORITES; LUMINESCENCE; ORBITS AB Thermoluminescence (TL) properties of 29 CO chondrites from the Miller Range (MIL) and five chondrites from the Dominion Range (DOM) have been measured. MIL has a relatively strong natural TL signal (19.6 +/- 14.7 krad), while some of the DOM samples have a very weak natural TL signal (<1 krad) whereas others resemble the MIL meteorites. I argue that MIL and some of the DOM samples had a normal perihelion (similar to 1.0 AU) and terrestrial age of similar to 450-700 ka, while some of the DOM samples have a terrestrial age of similar to 100 ka but a perihelion of similar to 0.8 AU. The DOM meteorites also show considerable heterogeneity in their induced TL properties, also suggesting that the DOM fragments represent more than one fall. The induced TL data for the MIL samples studied here are consistent with them all being from a single fragmented meteorite. Small (50 mg) chips have TL properties similar to 500 mg chips, so that the smaller chips are representative, although samples taken from original masses less than similar to 2 g have low natural TL suggesting that they were heated during atmospheric fall. The properties of CO chondrites are reviewed in terms of their petrologic types. Correlations between TL sensitivity, the most quantitative technique for evaluating metamorphic alteration in CO chondrites, and data for olivine composition and heterogeneity, matrix composition, inert gas content, metal composition (Ni, Co, and Cr in the kamacite), bulk carbon, C and O isotopes, graphite ordering, spectral reflectance at 0.8 mu m, and textural characteristics of the ameboid olivine and Ca-rich inclusions are examined. The petrographic types appear to be largely metamorphic in origin with perhaps a minor role for metasomatism. Contrary to recent proposals it is here argued that petrologic type definitions should (1) be specific enough to be meaningful, but broad enough to be simple in application and robust to new developments, (2) be descriptive and not interpretative, (3) should not oversimplify and obscure important class-to-class differences, and (4) take account of all the available information, while avoiding reliance on any one technique or single observation whose application is based on interpretation. With these considerations in mind the petrographic type definitions for CO chondrites are restated and the petrologic type of 3.2 assigned to both the MIL and DOM CO chondrites. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sears, Derek W. G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div MS 245 3, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. RP Sears, DWG (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div MS 245 3, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. FU NASA's Solar System Exploration and Research Virtual Institute FX I am grateful to Tim Lee and Chris McKay for providing facilities and an exciting research environment at NASA Ames Research Center and I am grateful to Mark Sittloh and his colleagues at the Bay Area Environmental Research Institute for management support. I am also grateful to the Antarctic Meteorite Working Group for providing the samples and the Meteorite Processing Laboratory at Johnson Space Center for so capably handling the sampling. I am also grateful to Hazel Sears for reviewing and proofing this paper, David Sears for help with the statistical analysis, four anonymous journal reviewers who provided much appreciated reviews (which included the suggestion to include Fig. 7), and Chris Herd for organizing these reviews. Finally, I am pleased to acknowledge the Field Investigations to Enable Solar System Science and Exploration team of NASA's Solar System Exploration and Research Virtual Institute (PI: Jennifer Heldmann) for financial support. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 188 BP 106 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.033 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DS4LN UT WOS:000380752700007 ER PT J AU Robinson, KL Barnes, JJ Nagashima, K Thomen, A Franchi, IA Huss, GR Anand, M Taylor, GJ AF Robinson, Katharine L. Barnes, Jessica J. Nagashima, Kazuhide Thomen, Aurelien Franchi, Ian A. Huss, Gary R. Anand, Mahesh Taylor, G. Jeffrey TI Water in evolved lunar rocks: Evidence for multiple reservoirs SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Moon; Lunar volatiles; Apatite; Water; H isotopes ID SILICATE-LIQUID-IMMISCIBILITY; HOSTED MELT INCLUSIONS; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; VOLCANIC GLASSES; MG-SUITE; VOLATILE ABUNDANCES; QUARTZ MONZODIORITE; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; COOLING HISTORY; OXYGEN FUGACITY AB We have measured the abundance and isotopic composition of water in apatites from several lunar rocks representing Potassium (K), Rare Earth Elements (REE), and Phosphorus (P) - KREEP - rich lithologies, including felsites, quartz monzodiorites (QMDs), a troctolite, and an alkali anorthosite. The H-isotope data from apatite provide evidence for multiple reservoirs in the lunar interior. Apatite measurements from some KREEP-rich intrusive rocks display moderately elevated delta D signatures, while other samples show delta D signatures similar to the range known for the terrestrial upper mantle. Apatite grains in Apollo 15 quartz monzodiorites have the lowest delta D values measured from the Moon so far (as low as -749 parts per thousand), and could potentially represent a D-depleted reservoir in the lunar interior that had not been identified until now. Apatite in all of these intrusive rocks contains <267 ppm H2O, which is relatively low compared to apatites from the majority of studied mare basalts (200 to >6500 ppm H2O). Complexities in partitioning of volatiles into apatite make this comparison uncertain, but measurements of residual glass in KREEP basalt fragments in breccia 15358 independently show that the KREEP basaltic magmas were low in water. The source of 15358 contained similar to 10 ppm H2O, about an order of magnitude lower than the source of the Apollo 17 pyroclastic glass beads, suggesting potential variations in the distribution of water in the lunar interior. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Robinson, Katharine L.; Nagashima, Kazuhide; Thomen, Aurelien; Huss, Gary R.; Taylor, G. Jeffrey] Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, 1680 East West Rd,POST 602, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Robinson, Katharine L.; Huss, Gary R.; Taylor, G. Jeffrey] Univ Hawaii, NASA Astrobiol Inst, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Robinson, Katharine L.; Huss, Gary R.; Taylor, G. Jeffrey] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Geol & Geophys, 1680 East West Rd,POST 602, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Barnes, Jessica J.; Franchi, Ian A.; Anand, Mahesh] Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Anand, Mahesh] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Earth Sci, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Robinson, KL (reprint author), Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. EM katie.robinson@open.ac.uk FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the NASA Astrobiology Institute through the Office of Space Science [NNA09DA77A]; NASA Lunar Advanced Science and Exploration Research [NNX11AE85G]; Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (through the Center for Lunar Science and Exploration) [NNA14AB07A]; Bullard Foundation; STFC [ST/I001298/1, ST/L000776/1] FX The authors thank Romain Tartese for his assistance in collecting data and for highly useful discussions. This research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the NASA Astrobiology Institute under Cooperative Agreement No. NNA09DA77A issued through the Office of Space Science, by NASA Lunar Advanced Science and Exploration Research Grant NNX11AE85G, the Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (through the Center for Lunar Science and Exploration cooperative agreement NNA14AB07A, David Kring, PI), and by The Bullard Foundation. STFC are also thanked for a PhD studentship to JJB and research grants to MA (Grant no. ST/I001298/1 and ST/L000776/1). We thank three anonymous reviewers and associate editor Alexander Nemchin for insightful and critical comments that helped improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 115 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 188 BP 244 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.030 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DS4LN UT WOS:000380752700014 ER PT J AU Peretyazhko, TS Fox, A Sutter, B Niles, PB Adams, M Morris, RV Ming, DW AF Peretyazhko, T. S. Fox, A. Sutter, B. Niles, P. B. Adams, M. Morris, R. V. Ming, D. W. TI Synthesis of akaganeite in the presence of sulfate: Implications for akaganeite formation in Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Mars; Gale crater; Yellowknife Bay; Fe oxides; Akaganeite ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; BETA-FEOOH; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; FORCED HYDROLYSIS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; X-RAY; IRON; JAROSITE AB Akaganeite, a Cl-bearing Fe(III) (hydr)oxide, has been recently discovered in Yellowknife Bay in Gale crater on Mars by the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity Rover. Akaganeite was associated with sulfate and sulfide minerals at Yellowknife Bay indicating that sulfate ions could be present in solution during akaganeite formation. The mechanism and conditions of akaganeite formation in the Yellowknife Bay mudstone are unknown. We investigated formation of akaganeite through hydrolysis of ferric chloride solution in the presence of 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 M sulfate and at initial pH of 1.5, 2 and 4 at 90 degrees C. Mineralogy of the precipitated Fe(III) phases was characterized by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The precipitates were also acid digested to determine total sulfate and chloride contents. Akaganeite and natrojarosite formed at initial solution pH of 1.5; akaganeite, goethite and natrojarosite precipitated in initial pH 2 solutions and goethite, hematite and 2-line ferrihydrite precipitated at initial solution pH of 4. Sulfate addition did not inhibit akaganeite formation. Increasing initial solution sulfate concentrations resulted in increasing sulfate to chloride ratio in the precipitated akaganeite. Infrared spectroscopy revealed akaganeite bands at similar to 2 mu m (H2O combination band) and at similar to 2.46 mu m (OH combination band). The H2O combination band position linearly correlated with total chloride content in akaganeite. Overall, laboratory studies demonstrated formation of akaganeite at initial sulfate concentration <= 0.2 M (sulfate to chloride molar ratio <= 0.3) and pH <= 2, implying that those conditions might prevail (perhaps as micro-environments) during akaganeite formation in Yellowknife Bay mudstone. The occurrence of Fe(II) sulfides (pyrite and pyrrhotite) in Yellowknife Bay mudstone is a potential acidity source. Dissolution of sulfide minerals might occur under localized oxidizing waterlimiting Cl-rich conditions creating favorable environments for akaganeite formation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Peretyazhko, T. S.; Sutter, B.] NASA, Jacobs, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Fox, A.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47406 USA. [Niles, P. B.; Morris, R. V.; Ming, D. W.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Adams, M.] Univ Hawaii, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Peretyazhko, TS (reprint author), NASA, Jacobs, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM tanya.peretyazhko@nasa.gov FU Summer Intern Scholarship of Lunar and Planetary Institute; NASA Mars Science Laboratory Mission grants; NASA Solar System Workings grant [15-SSW15_2-0074] FX We are grateful to Z. Peng for performing ICP-MS analysis and K. Pando and D. Locke for help with ion chromatography. We thank Dr. Bishop and two anonymous reviewers for valuable suggestions and comments that help to improve the quality of the manuscript. We thank the Associate Editor Dr. Catalano for handling the manuscript. A. Fox acknowledges a Summer Intern Scholarship of Lunar and Planetary Institute. This work was supported by NASA Mars Science Laboratory Mission grants and by NASA Solar System Workings grant #15-SSW15_2-0074. The data presented in figures could be provided upon request. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 188 BP 284 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2016.06.002 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DS4LN UT WOS:000380752700016 ER PT J AU Ting, DZ Soibel, A Hoglund, L Hill, CJ Keo, SA Fisher, A Gunapala, SD AF Ting, David Z. Soibel, Alexander Hoeglund, Linda Hill, Cory J. Keo, Sam A. Fisher, Anita Gunapala, Sarath D. TI High-Temperature Characteristics of an InAsSb/AlAsSb n(+)Bn Detector SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Infrared detector; unipolar barrier; nBn; mid-wavelength infrared AB The high-temperature characteristics of a mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) detector based on the Maimon-Wicks InAsSb/AlAsSb nBn architecture was analyzed. The dark current characteristics are examined in reference to recent minority carrier lifetime results. The difference between the responsivity and absorption quantum efficiency (QE) at shorter wavelengths is clarified in terms of preferential absorption of higher-energy photons in the top contact layer, which cannot provide reverse-bias photo-response due to the AlAsSb electron blocking layer and strong recombination. Although the QE does not degrade when the operating temperature increases to 325 K, the turn-on bias becomes larger at higher temperatures. This behavior was originally attributed to the change in the valence band alignment between the absorber and top contact layers caused by the shift in Fermi level with temperature. In this work, we demonstrated the inadequacy of the original description, and offer a more likely explanation based on temperature-dependent band-bending effects. C1 [Ting, David Z.; Soibel, Alexander; Hoeglund, Linda; Hill, Cory J.; Keo, Sam A.; Fisher, Anita; Gunapala, Sarath D.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Infrared Photodetectors, M-S302-231,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Soibel, Alexander; Hoeglund, Linda; Hill, Cory J.; Keo, Sam A.; Fisher, Anita; Gunapala, Sarath D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ting, DZ (reprint author), NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Infrared Photodetectors, M-S302-231,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM David.Z.Ting@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 45 IS 9 BP 4680 EP 4685 DI 10.1007/s11664-016-4633-z PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA DS9CM UT WOS:000381080000027 ER PT J AU Suhir, E Ghaffarian, R AF Suhir, E. Ghaffarian, R. TI Board level drop test: exact solution to the problem of the nonlinear dynamic response of a PCB to the drop impact SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article AB An analytical predictive model has been developed for the evaluation of the nonlinear dynamic response of a printed-circuit-board (PCB) to the drop impact during board-level testing. The hypothesis of "heavy-and-flexible" PCB is used in the analysis: the surface-mounted-devices (SMDs) are assumed to be small enough not to affect the PCB's flexural rigidity, but their masses have been considered and accounted for by "spreading out" the SMD total mass over the PCB surface. The analysis is restricted to the fundamental mode of vibrations, and the method of principal coordinates is used to evaluate the response. The exact solution to the nonlinear differential equation for the principal coordinate has been obtained. Another important finding is that the nonlinear amplitudes were determined even without solving the nonlinear differential equation of motion. The main objective of the analysis is to provide design guidelines for constructing a feasible experimental setup. A simply supported board is suggested as the most appropriate structure for an adequate test vehicle: the experimental data for such a board, as far as the behavior of the solder material in the second level of interconnections is concerned, can be easily and reliably interpreted and extrapolated for the practical use. The developed model enables one to predict the induced bending moments and the in-plane (membrane) forces that could be applied in the subsequent analyses to the PCB areas in the proximity of the package and its solder joint interconnections. C1 [Suhir, E.] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Suhir, E.] ERS Co, 727 Alvina Ct, Los Altos, CA 94024 USA. [Ghaffarian, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Suhir, E (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA.; Suhir, E (reprint author), ERS Co, 727 Alvina Ct, Los Altos, CA 94024 USA. EM suhire@aol.com NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 EI 1573-482X J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 27 IS 9 BP 9423 EP 9430 DI 10.1007/s10854-016-4988-1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA DT0FY UT WOS:000381159800074 ER PT J AU Xie, YS Fan, X Chen, YP Wilson, JD Simons, RN Xiao, JQ AF Xie, Yunsong Fan, Xin Chen, Yunpeng Wilson, Jeffrey D. Simons, Rainee N. Xiao, John Q. TI THE IN-PHASE REFLECTION BANDWIDTH THEORETICAL LIMIT OF ARTIFICIAL MAGNETIC CONDUCTORS BASED ON TRANSMISSION LINE MODEL SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE artificial magnetic conductors (AMCs); transmission line model; bandwidth limitation ID HIGH-IMPEDANCE SURFACES; FREQUENCY; ANTENNAS; ABSORBERS; DESIGN AB Based on the transmission line model, the in-phase reflection (IPR) bandwidth theoretical limit using a function of permeability (l) and thickness (h) of the substrate as well as center frequency of IPR (f) was expressed. An experimental design strategy was further derived from this function for creating novel artificial magnetic conductors (AMCs). To date, they have successfully designed, simulated, and experimentally verified this proposed strategy with various AMCs, where the bandwidth ratio to the theoretical limit can be achieved by as high as 98.5%. This newly proposed theoretical limit function was further evaluated in two-ways, (1) our theoretical limit was compared with previously reported literature values, and (2) literature values were recalculated using our function. Herein, it was concluded that their IPR bandwidth theoretical limit function provided most restrictive and accurate value, and their AMC design strategy has showed evident advantages over literature. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Xie, Yunsong; Chen, Yunpeng] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Fan, Xin] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Wilson, Jeffrey D.; Simons, Rainee N.; Xiao, John Q.] Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Xiao, JQ (reprint author), Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Cleveland, OH USA. EM jqx@udel.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX11AQ29A] FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Grant No. NNX11AQ29A. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0895-2477 EI 1098-2760 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 58 IS 9 BP 2257 EP 2261 DI 10.1002/mop.30024 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA DS7DW UT WOS:000380944000052 ER PT J AU Bianco, WT Landis, R AF Bianco, William T. Landis, Robert TI Engineering cooperation: How Americans and Russians manage joint operation of the International Space Station SO INTERNATIONAL AREA STUDIES REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Cooperation; prisoners' dilemma; new economics of organization; International Space Station; NASA AB The 1990s agreements that created the International Space Station (ISS) described the effort as a partnership of equals, a joint venture between organizations that remained independent in terms of many procedures, norms, goals, and the assumptions underlying these factors. As a result, successful joint ISS operations required the participants, most notably the American and Russian space programs, to reconcile different procedures, norms, and training regimes, as well as the beliefs that underlie these practices. Drawing on a combination of operational experience, first-hand observation, and interviews, this paper focuses on how the two programs reduced conflict and engendered cooperation. It also uses the ISS experience to consider how future joint efforts can be designed to minimize conflict between international partners. C1 [Bianco, William T.] Indiana Univ, Woodburn Hall 210, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. [Landis, Robert] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. RP Bianco, WT (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Woodburn Hall 210, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. EM wbianco@indiana.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 2233-8659 EI 2049-1123 J9 INT AREA STUD REV JI Int. Area Stud. Rev. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 19 IS 3 BP 197 EP 209 DI 10.1177/2233865916636834 PG 13 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA DT6WT UT WOS:000381626100001 ER PT J AU Ghods, M Johnson, L Lauer, M Grugel, RN Tewari, SN Poirier, DR AF Ghods, M. Johnson, L. Lauer, M. Grugel, R. N. Tewari, S. N. Poirier, D. R. TI Macrosegregation in Al-7Si alloy caused by abrupt cross-section change during directional solidification SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Directional solidification; Cross-section change; Computer simulation; Fluid flows; Segregation; Aluminum alloys ID PB-SN ALLOYS; DENDRITIC SOLIDIFICATION; NATURAL-CONVECTION; METALLIC ALLOYS; SUPERALLOY CASTINGS; GRAIN STRUCTURES; RAYLEIGH NUMBER; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; TURBINE-BLADES; BINARY-ALLOYS AB Hypoeutectic Al-7 wt.% Si alloys were directionally solidified vertically downward in cylindrical molds that incorporated an abrupt cross-section decrease (9.5 mm to 3.2 mm diameter) which, after 5 cm, reverted back to 9.5 mm diameter in a Bridgman furnace; two constant growth speeds and thermal gradients were investigated. Thermosolutal convection and cross-section-change-induced shrinkage flow effects on macrosegregation were investigated. Dendrite clustering and extensive radial macro segregation was seen, particularly in the larger cross-sections, before contraction and after expansion, this more evident at the lower growth speed. This alloy shows positive longitudinal macrosegregation near cross-section decrease followed by negative macrosegregation right after it; the extent of macro segregation, however, decreases with increasing growth speed. Primary dendrite steepling intensified as solidification proceeded into the narrower section and negative longitudinal macrosegregation was seen on the re-entrant shelves at expansion. A two-dimensional model accounting for both shrinkage and thermo-solutal convection was used to simulate solidification and the resulting mushy-zone steepling and macrosegregation. The experimentally observed longitudinal and radial macrosegregation associated with the cross-section changes during directional solidification of an Al-75i alloy is well captured by the numerical simulations. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ghods, M.; Johnson, L.; Tewari, S. N.] Cleveland State Univ, Chem & Biomed Engn Dept, Cleveland, OH 44114 USA. [Lauer, M.; Poirier, D. R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Grugel, R. N.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Space Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA. [Johnson, L.] Avery Dennison Corp, Painesville, OH 44077 USA. [Lauer, M.] ME Elecmetal Inc, Duluth, MN 55808 USA. RP Ghods, M (reprint author), Cleveland State Univ, Chem & Biomed Engn Dept, Cleveland, OH 44114 USA. EM ghods.masoud@gmail.com FU NASA [NX10AV40G, NNX14AM18G]; Sandia National Laboratories Campus Executive Fellowship program FX This work was supported by NASA Grant NX10AV40G and NNX14AM18G. The Al-7% Si alloys for our current research were kindly provided by Dr. Men G. Chu at ALCOA Technical Center. M. Lauer would like to acknowledge support from the Sandia National Laboratories Campus Executive Fellowship program. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 449 BP 134 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.06.010 PG 14 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA DS5RT UT WOS:000380840700022 ER PT J AU Ryoo, MS Matthies, L AF Ryoo, M. S. Matthies, Larry TI First-Person Activity Recognition: Feature, Temporal Structure, and Prediction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION AB This paper discusses the problem of recognizing interaction-level human activities from a first-person viewpoint. The goal is to enable an observer (e.g., a robot or a wearable camera) to understand 'what activity others are performing to it' from continuous video inputs. These include friendly interactions such as 'a person hugging the observer' as well as hostile interactions like 'punching the observer' or 'throwing objects at the observer', whose videos involve a large amount of camera ego-motion caused by physical interactions. The paper investigates multi-channel kernels to integrate global and local motion information, and presents a new activity learning/recognition methodology that explicitly considers temporal structures displayed in first-person activity videos. Furthermore, we present a novel algorithm for early recognition (i.e., prediction) of activities from first-person videos, which allows us to infer ongoing activities at their early stage. In our experiments, we not only show classification results with segmented videos, but also confirm that our new approach is able to detect activities from continuous videos and perform early recognition reliably. C1 [Ryoo, M. S.; Matthies, Larry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Ryoo, MS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM mryoo@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Army Research Laboratory FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research was sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory and was accomplished under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-10-2-0016. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5691 EI 1573-1405 J9 INT J COMPUT VISION JI Int. J. Comput. Vis. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 119 IS 3 SI SI BP 307 EP 328 DI 10.1007/s11263-015-0847-4 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA DS0FE UT WOS:000380270000007 ER PT J AU Barre, J Edwards, D Worden, H Arellano, A Gaubert, B Da Silva, A Lahoz, W Anderson, J AF Barre, Jerome Edwards, David Worden, Helen Arellano, Avelino Gaubert, Benjamin Da Silva, Arlindo Lahoz, William Anderson, Jeffrey TI On the feasibility of monitoring carbon monoxide in the lower troposphere from a constellation of northern hemisphere geostationary satellites: Global scale assimilation experiments (Part II) SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric composition; Global scale; Geostationary constellation; Remote sensing; OSSE; Carbon monoxide; CO lifetime; Long-range transport of pollution; Data assimilation ID EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; CHEMISTRY; OZONE; AEROSOLS; CO; EMISSIONS; GASES; BIAS AB This paper describes the second phase of an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) that utilizes the synthetic measurements from a constellation of satellites measuring atmospheric composition from geostationary (GEO) Earth orbit presented in part I of the study. Our OSSE is focused on carbon monoxide observations over North America, East Asia and Europe where most of the anthropogenic sources are located. Here we assess the impact of a potential GEO constellation on constraining northern hemisphere (NH) carbon monoxide (CO) using data assimilation. We show how cloud cover affects the GEO constellation data density with the largest cloud cover (i.e., lowest data density) occurring during Asian summer. We compare the modeled state of the atmosphere (Control Run), before CO data assimilation, with the known "true" state of the atmosphere (Nature Run) and show that our setup provides realistic atmospheric CO fields and emission budgets. Overall, the Control Run underestimates CO concentrations in the northern hemisphere, especially in areas close to CO sources. Assimilation experiments show that constraining CO close to the main anthropogenic sources significantly reduces errors in NH CO compared to the Control Run. We assess the changes in error reduction when only single satellite instruments are available as compared to the full constellation. We find large differences in how measurements for each continental scale observation system affect the hemispherical improvement in long-range transport patterns, especially due to seasonal cloud cover. A GEO constellation will provide the most efficient constraint on NH CO during winter when CO lifetime is longer and increments from data assimilation associated with source regions are advected further around the globe. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Barre, Jerome; Edwards, David; Worden, Helen; Gaubert, Benjamin; Anderson, Jeffrey] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Arellano, Avelino] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Da Silva, Arlindo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Lahoz, William] NILU, Kjeller, Norway. RP Barre, J (reprint author), NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. EM barre@ucar.edu OI Arellano, Avelino/0000-0002-2615-5831 FU NASA [NNX09AH03G S02, NNX11AI10G, NNX11AG63G]; National Science Foundation FX This work was partly supported by NASA grants NNX09AH03G S02, NNX11AI10G and NNX11AG63G. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) provided computing resources. We would like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's CISL. We also thank the reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 140 BP 188 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.001 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DR7MG UT WOS:000380083200018 ER PT J AU Hamill, P Giordano, M Ward, C Giles, D Holben, B AF Hamill, Patrick Giordano, Marco Ward, Carolyne Giles, David Holben, Brent TI An AERONET-based aerosol classification using the Mahalanobis distance SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric aerosols; Aerosol typing; AERONET; Mahalanobis distance; Seasonal aerosol variation; High AOD events ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ABSORPTION; MODELS; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; MIXTURES; NETWORK; CHINA; DUST; SIZE AB We present an aerosol classification based on AERONET aerosol data from 1993 to 2012. We used the AERONET Level 2.0 almucantar aerosol retrieval products to define several reference aerosol clusters which are characteristic of the following general aerosol types: Urban-Industrial, Biomass Burning, Mixed Aerosol, Dust, and Maritime. The classification of a particular aerosol observation as one of these aerosol types is determined by its five-dimensional Mahalanobis distance to each reference cluster. We have calculated the fractional aerosol type distribution at 190 AERONET sites, as well as the monthly variation in aerosol type at those locations. The results are presented on a global map and individually in the supplementary material. Our aerosol typing is based on recognizing that different geographic regions exhibit characteristic aerosol types. To generate reference clusters we only keep data points that lie within a Mahalanobis distance of 2 from the centroid. Our aerosol characterization is based on the AERONET retrieved quantities, therefore it does not include low optical depth values. The analysis is based on "point sources" (the AERONET sites) rather than globally distributed values. The classifications obtained will be useful in interpreting aerosol retrievals from satellite borne instruments. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hamill, Patrick] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Hamill, Patrick] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Giordano, Marco] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Giordano, Marco] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. [Ward, Carolyne] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Giles, David; Holben, Brent] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Hamill, P (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.; Hamill, P (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM patrick.hamill@sjsu.edu NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 140 BP 213 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.002 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DR7MG UT WOS:000380083200020 ER PT J AU Creamean, JM White, AB Minnis, P Palikonda, R Spangenberg, DA Prather, KA AF Creamean, Jessie M. White, Allen B. Minnis, Patrick Palikonda, Rabindra Spangenberg, Douglas A. Prather, Kimberly A. TI The relationships between insoluble precipitation residues, clouds, and precipitation over California's southern Sierra Nevada during winter storms SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions; Ice nucleation; Cloud glaciation; Sierra nevada ID SEEDER-FEEDER MECHANISM; MINERAL DUST PARTICLES; MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; ICE-NUCLEATION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; AQUEOUS SAMPLES; ASIAN AEROSOLS; BARRIER JETS AB Ice formation in orographic mixed -phase clouds can enhance precipitation and depends on the type of aerosols that serve as ice nucleating particles (INPs). The resulting precipitation from these clouds is a viable source of water, especially for regions such as the California Sierra Nevada. Thus, a better understanding of the sources of INPs that impact orographic clouds is important for assessing water availability in California. This study presents a multi -site, multi -year analysis of single -particle insoluble residues in precipitation samples that likely influenced cloud ice and precipitation formation above Yosemite National Park. Dust and biological particles represented the dominant fraction of the residues (64% on average). Cloud glaciation, determined using satellite observations, not only depended on high cloud tops (>5.9 km) and low temperatures (<-23 degrees C), but also on the presence of what were likely dust and biological INPs. The greatest prevalence of ice -phase clouds occurred in conjunction with biologically -rich residues and mineral dust rich in calcium, followed by iron and aluminosilicates. Dust and biological particles are known to be efficient INPs, thus these residues likely influenced ice formation in clouds above the sites and subsequent precipitation quantities reaching the surface during events with similar meteorology. The goal of this study is to use precipitation chemistry information to gain a better understanding of the potential sources of INPs in the south-central Sierra Nevada, where cloud -aerosol precipitation interactions are poorly understood and where mixed -phase orographic clouds represent a key element in the generation of precipitation and thus the water supply in California. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Creamean, Jessie M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Creamean, Jessie M.; White, Allen B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Minnis, Patrick] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Palikonda, Rabindra; Spangenberg, Douglas A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Prather, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Prather, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Creamean, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway,R-PSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jessie.creamean@noaa.gov RI Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008; OI Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890; Creamean, Jessie/0000-0003-3819-5600 FU National Research Council Research Associate Program [EA133F-10-CN-0187]; NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program; DOE ARM Program FX The authors would like to acknowledge the staff at the National Park Service at Yosemite National Park for sample collection, including Katy Warner, who organized the collection protocols, Rebecca Rising, and Rob and Laura Pilewski. Ryan Spackman (NOAH/Science and Technology Corporation) and Daniel Murphy (NOAH) provided insightful feedback. We would also like to acknowledge the California Nevada River Forecast Center (CNRFC) and DWR for providing the HADS data and CASTNET for providing the meteorological measurements at YOS. The GPS WCR site data was courtesy of the Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) network operated by UNAVCO. Thanks to Chris Yost for providing the satellite validation results. Jessie Creamean was partially supported by the National Research Council Research Associate Program (contract number EA133F-10-CN-0187). Patrick Minnis, Rabindra Palikonda, and Doug Spangenberg were supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program and DOE ARM Program. Data presented in the manuscript tables and figures are available by email request to the corresponding author. NR 91 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 140 BP 298 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.016 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DR7MG UT WOS:000380083200026 ER PT J AU Nyhan, M Sobolevsky, S Kang, CG Robinson, P Corti, A Szell, M Streets, D Lu, ZF Britter, R Barrett, SRH Ratti, C AF Nyhan, Marguerite Sobolevsky, Stanislav Kang, Chaogui Robinson, Prudence Corti, Andrea Szell, Michael Streets, David Lu, Zifeng Britter, Rex Barrett, Steven R. H. Ratti, Carlo TI Predicting vehicular emissions in high spatial resolution using pervasively measured transportation data and microscopic emission's model SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air quality; Transportation; Emissions; Microscopic emissions model; Microscopic vehicle movement ID AIR-POLLUTION; LOS-ANGELES; VEHICLE; MORTALITY; CITIES; VARIABILITY; REDUCTION; EVOLUTION; NETWORKS; QUALITY AB Air pollution related to traffic emissions pose an especially significant problem in cities; this is due to its adverse impact on human health and well-being. Previous studies which have aimed to quantify emissions from the transportation sector have been limited by either simulated or coarsely resolved traffic volume data. Emissions inventories form the basis of urban pollution models, therefore in this study, Global Positioning System (GPS) trajectory data from a taxi fleet of over 15,000 vehicles were analyzed with the aim of predicting air pollution emissions for Singapore. This novel approach enabled the quantification of instantaneous drive cycle parameters in high spatio-temporal resolution, which provided the basis for a microscopic emissions model. Carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM) emissions were thus estimated. Highly localized areas of elevated emissions levels were identified, with a spatio-temporal precision not possible with previously used methods for estimating emissions. Relatively higher emissions areas were mainly concentrated in a few districts that were the Singapore Downtown Core area, to the north of the central urban region and to the east of it. Daily emissions quantified for the total motor vehicle population of Singapore were found to be comparable to another emissions dataset Results demonstrated that high resolution spatio-temporal vehicle traces detected using GPS in large taxi fleets could be used to infer highly localized areas of elevated acceleration and air pollution emissions in cities, and may become a complement to traditional emission estimates, especially in emerging cities and countries where reliable fine-grained urban air quality data is not easily available. This is the first study of its kind to investigate measured microscopic vehicle movement in tandem with microscopic emissions modeling for a substantial study domain. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nyhan, Marguerite; Robinson, Prudence; Britter, Rex; Ratti, Carlo] MIT, SENSEable City Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sobolevsky, Stanislav] NYU, Ctr Urban Sci & Progress, New York, NY USA. [Kang, Chaogui] Wuhan Univ, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Corti, Andrea] Politecn Milan, 32 Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy. [Szell, Michael] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Complex Network Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Streets, David; Lu, Zifeng] NASA, Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL USA. [Barrett, Steven R. H.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Nyhan, M (reprint author), MIT, SENSEable City Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mnyhan@mit.edu OI Kang, Chaogui/0000-0002-0122-9419 FU MIT SENSEable City Lab Consortium; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology program FX All the authors wish to thank the MIT SENSEable City Lab Consortium and the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology program for supporting the research. M. Nyhan would like to thank Fulbright and the Irish Environmental Protection Agency. The authors would also like to acknowledge Dr. Luc Int. Panis for providing advice on some modeling aspects of the study. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 30 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 140 BP 352 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.018 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DR7MG UT WOS:000380083200031 ER PT J AU Villac, BF Anderson, RL Pini, AJ AF Villac, Benjamin F. Anderson, Rodney L. Pini, Alex J. TI Computer Aided Ballistic Orbit Classification Around Small Bodies SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Trajectory design; Periodic orbits; Clustering; Data mining; Asteroid missions ID INVARIANT-MANIFOLDS; TRAJECTORY DESIGN; RESONANCE; TRANSFERS; VESTA AB Orbital dynamics around small bodies are as varied as the shapes and dynamical states of these bodies. While various classes of orbits have been analyzed in detail, the global overview of relevant ballistic orbits at particular bodies is not easily computed or organized. Yet, correctly categorizing these orbits will ease their future use in the overall trajectory design process. This paper overviews methods that have been used to organize orbits, focusing on periodic orbits in particular, and introduces new methods based on clustering approaches. C1 [Villac, Benjamin F.] Ai Solut Inc, 4500 Forbes Blvd,Suite 300, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Anderson, Rodney L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 301-121, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Pini, Alex J.] NASA, GSFC, Ai Solut Inc, B28 N278, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Villac, BF (reprint author), Ai Solut Inc, 4500 Forbes Blvd,Suite 300, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM benjamin.villac@ai-solutions.com FU AMMOS technology development task FX This research has been sponsored by the AMMOS technology development task. A portion of the research presented in this paper has been carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 23 U2 23 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0021-9142 EI 2195-0571 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 63 IS 3 BP 175 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s40295-016-0089-x PG 31 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DR7SW UT WOS:000380101000001 ER PT J AU Stickle, WB Lindeberg, M Rice, SD Munley, K Reed, V AF Stickle, William B. Lindeberg, Mandy Rice, Stanley D. Munley, Kathleen Reed, Victoria TI Seasonal changes in the thermal regime and gastropod tolerance to temperature and desiccation stress in the rocky intertidal zone in Southeast Alaska SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Thermal regime; Temperature probes; Vertical gastropod zonation; Desiccation tolerance; Temperature tolerance ID HEAT-SHOCK RESPONSE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY; GENUS PETROLISTHES; VERTICAL ZONATION; PORCELAIN CRABS; LIMITS; ACCLIMATION; PATTERNS; TEGULA AB Low tide emersion of intertidal fauna in the inside passage from Puget Sound, WA to Skagway, AK produces more extreme emersion temperatures than on the outer continental coastline because the timing of low tides increases the potential for summer high temperatures and winter low temperatures. This study documents seasonal changes in water/aerial temperatures at different tidal heights in 2007-2008 and the summer of 2015 and reports the high emersion temperature (5 h) and desiccation tolerance of three species of rocky shore gastropods. Vertical transects of probes were deployed at Bridget Cove at +5.0 m (above the tidal range), +3.5, +2.5 m, +1.5 m and 0 m. Two additional probes were partially buried at +1.5 m; burial ameliorated freezing temperatures. Duration of emersion increased with intertidal height and was of longer duration at +3.5 m during Neap tides and at +1.5 and 0 m during Spring tides. Monthly measures of temperature were: average temperature, monthly maximum, average daily monthly maximum, average daily monthly minimum, and monthly minimum. Monthly maximum air temperature increased with tidal height. Winter average daily monthly minimum fell below 0 degrees C at the +3.5, +2.5, and +1.5 m tidal heights for the aerially exposed probes. The number of days when emersion temperature fell below 0 degrees C increased with intertidal height as did the number of hours per day. High temperature emersion tolerance of Nucella lamellosa, Nucella lima and Littorina sitkana varied directly with their intertidal range but their desiccation tolerance did not suggesting that desiccation is not an abiotic stressor in this temperate rain forest intertidal zone. The LT50 temperature (5 h) was considerably above recorded monthly maximum temperatures in the vertical range of N. lamellosa and L. sitkana but the LT50 of N. lima was very near the maximum monthly temperature at +2.5 m. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stickle, William B.; Munley, Kathleen] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lindeberg, Mandy; Rice, Stanley D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Reed, Victoria] Louisiana State Univ, Div Comp Sci & Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Stickle, WB (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM zostic@lsu.edu NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 30 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 482 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2016.04.011 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DQ7EW UT WOS:000379370700006 ER PT J AU Babcock, C Finley, AO Cook, BD Weiskittel, A Woodall, CW AF Babcock, Chad Finley, Andrew O. Cook, Bruce D. Weiskittel, Aaron Woodall, Christopher W. TI Modeling forest biomass and growth: Coupling long-term inventory and LiDAR data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE LiDAR; Forest biomass; Biomass growth; Temporal misalignment; Long-term forest inventory; Bayesian hierarchical models; Markov Chain Monte Carlo; Gaussian process; Geospatial ID ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; CANOPY HEIGHT; CARBON; AIRBORNE; REGRESSION; VARIABLES; COMPLEX; MISSION; PLOTS AB Combining spatially-explicit long-term forest inventory and remotely sensed information from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) datasets through statistical models can be a powerful tool for predicting and mapping above-ground biomass (AGB) at a range of geographic scales. We present and examine a novel modeling approach to improve prediction of AGB and estimate AGB growth using LiDAR data. The proposed model accommodates temporal misalignment between field measurements and remotely sensed data a problem pervasive in such settings by including multiple time-indexed measurements at plot locations to estimate AGB growth. We pursue a Bayesian modeling framework that allows for appropriately complex parameter associations and uncertainty propagation through to prediction. Specifically, we identify a space-varying coefficients model to predict and map AGB and its associated growth simultaneously. The proposed model is assessed using LiDAR data acquired from NASA Goddard's LiDAR, Hyper-spectral & Thermal imager and field inventory data from the Penobscot Experimental Forest in Bradley, Maine. The proposed model outperformed the time-invariant counterpart models in predictive performance as indicated by a substantial reduction in root mean squared error. The proposed model adequately accounts for temporal misalignment through the estimation of forest AGB growth and accommodates residual spatial dependence. Results from this analysis suggest that future AGB models informed using remotely sensed data, such as LiDAR, may be improved by adapting traditional modeling frameworks to account for temporal misalignment and spatial dependence using random effects. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Babcock, Chad] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cook, Bruce D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Code 618, Greenbelt, MD 20742 USA. [Weiskittel, Aaron] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Woodall, Christopher W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55114 USA. RP Babcock, C (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Babcock, Chad/0000-0001-9597-4462 FU U.S. Forest Service [USFS 15-JV-11242307-116]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMS-1513481, EF-1137309, EF-1241874, EF-1253225]; NASA Carbon Monitoring System grants FX Data for this study were provided by a unit of the Northern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, located at the Penobscot Experimental Forest in Maine. Significant funding for collection of these data was provided by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS 15-JV-11242307-116). Andrew Finley was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) DMS-1513481, EF-1137309, EF-1241874, and EF-1253225, as well as NASA Carbon Monitoring System grants. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 29 U2 84 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 182 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.04.014 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DQ3HP UT WOS:000379093700001 ER PT J AU Huesca, M Garcia, M Roth, KL Casas, A Ustin, SL AF Huesca, Margarita Garcia, Mariano Roth, Keely L. Casas, Angeles Ustin, Susan L. TI Canopy structural attributes derived from AVIRIS imaging spectroscopy data in a mixed broadleaf/conifer forest SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Canopy structure; AVIRIS; LiDAR; Random forest; Structural types ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; VEGETATION INDEXES; HYPERSPECTRAL DATA; AIRBORNE LIDAR; WATER-CONTENT; NITROGEN-CONTENT; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; LANDSAT IMAGERY AB There is a well-established need within the remote sensing community for improved estimation and understanding of canopy structure and its influence on the retrieval of leaf biochemical properties. The main goal of this research was to assess the potential of optical spectral information from NASA's Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) to discriminate different canopy structural types. In the first phase, we assessed the relationships between optical metrics and canopy structural parameters obtained from LiDAR in terms of different canopy structural attributes (biomass (i.e., area under Vegetation Vertical Profile, VVPint), canopy height and vegetation complexity). Secondly, we identified and classified different "canopy structural types" by integrating several structural traits using Random Forests (RF). The study area is a heterogeneous forest in Sierra National Forest in California (USA). AVIRIS optical properties were analyzed by means of several sets of variables, including single narrow band reflectance and 1st derivative, sub-pixel cover fractions, narrow-band indices, spectral absorption features, optimized normalized difference indices and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) components. Our results demonstrate that optical data contain structural information that can be retrieved. The first principal component, used as a proxy for albedo, was the most strongly correlated optical metric with vegetation complexity, and it also correlated well with biomass (VVPint) and height. In conifer forests, the shade fraction was especially correlated to vegetation complexity, while water-sensitive optical metrics had high correlations with biomass (VVPint). Single spectral band analysis results showed that correlations differ in magnitude and in direction, across the spectrum and by vegetation type and structural variable. This research illustrates the potential of AVIRIS to analyze canopy structure and to distinguish several structural types in a heterogeneous forest. Furthermore, RF using optical metrics derived from AVIRIS proved to be a powerful technique to generate maps of structural attributes. The results emphasize the importance of using the whole optical spectrum, since all spectral regions contributed to canopy structure assessment (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Huesca, Margarita; Roth, Keely L.; Casas, Angeles; Ustin, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, CSTARS, Land Air & Water Resources Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Garcia, Mariano] Univ Leicester, Ctr Landscape & Climate Res, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Garcia, Mariano] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Huesca, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, CSTARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mhuescamartinez@ucdavis.edu FU HyspIRI Planning Mission (NASA Grant) [NNX12AP87G]; Marie Curie IOF (ForeStMap - 3D Forest Structure Monitoring and Mapping) [629376] FX This research was conducted within the framework of the HyspIRI Planning Mission (NASA Grant # NNX12AP87G). Mariano Garcia is supported by the Marie Curie IOF (ForeStMap - 3D Forest Structure Monitoring and Mapping, Project Reference: 629376). The contents on this paper reflect only the authors' views and not the views of the European Commission. I would like to thank NEON for providing the LiDAR data and the NASA JPL AVIRIS team for collecting and preprocessing the hyperspectral data. I would also thank the anonymous reviewers for their help in improving the manuscript. NR 129 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 21 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 182 BP 208 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.04.020 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DQ3HP UT WOS:000379093700016 ER PT J AU Malakar, NK Hulley, GC AF Malakar, Nabin K. Hulley, Glynn C. TI A water vapor scaling model for improved land surface temperature and emissivity separation of MODIS thermal infrared data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MODIS; Land surface temperature; Atmospheric correction; Thermal infrared; Emissivity; Validation; Infrared image sensors; Remote sensing ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SOIL RESPIRATION; ENERGY-BALANCE; AVHRR DATA; ASTER; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; VALIDATION; RADIOMETER; SATELLITE AB We present an improved water vapor scaling (WVS) model for atmospherically correcting MODIS thermal infrared (TIR) bands in the temperature emissivity separation (TES) algorithm. TES is used to retrieve the land surface temperature and emissivity (LST&E) from MODIS TIR bands 29, 31, and 32. The WVS model improves the accuracy of the atmospheric correction parameters in TES on a band-by-band and pixel-by-pixel basis. We used global atmospheric radiosondes profiles to generate view angle and day-night-dependent WVS coefficients that are valid for all MODIS scan angles up to 65. We demonstrate the effects of applying the improved WVS model on the retrieval accuracy of MODIS-TES (MODTES) LST&E using a case study for a granule over the southwest USA during very warm and moist monsoonal atmospheric conditions. Furthermore, a comprehensive validation of the MODTES LST&E retrieval was performed over two sites at the quartz-rich Algodones Dunes in California and a grassland site in Texas, USA using three full years of MODIS Aqua data. Results from the case study showed that absolute errors in the emissivity retrieval for the three MODIS TIR bands were reduced on average from 1.4% to 0.4% when applying the WVS method. A Radiance-based method was used to validate the MODTES LST retrievals for and the results showed that application of the WVS method with the MODTES algorithm led to significant reduction in both bias and root mean square error (RMSE) of the LST retrievals at both sites. When the WVS model was applied, LST RMSE's were reduced on average from 1.3 K to 1.0 K at the Algodones Dunes site, and from 1.2 K to 0.7 K at the Texas Grassland site. This study demonstrated that the WVS atmospheric correction model is critical for retrieving MODTES LST with <1 K accuracy and emissivity with <1% consistently for a wide range of challenging atmospheric conditions and land surface types. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Malakar, Nabin K.; Hulley, Glynn C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Malakar, NK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Nabin.K.Malakar@jpl.nasa.gov OI Malakar, Nabin/0000-0002-4816-6304 FU NASA ROSES grant [NRA NNH13ZDA001N] FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This study is supported by the NASA ROSES 2013 grant (NRA NNH13ZDA001N). NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 16 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 182 BP 252 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.04.023 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DQ3HP UT WOS:000379093700018 ER PT J AU Cho, Y Sugita, S Miura, YN Okazaki, R Iwata, N Morota, T Kameda, S AF Cho, Yuichiro Sugita, Seiji Miura, Yayoi N. Okazaki, Ryuji Iwata, Naoyoshi Morota, Tomokatsu Kameda, Shingo TI An in-situ K-Ar isochron dating method for planetary landers using a spot-by-spot laser-ablation technique SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE In-situ geochronology; K-Ar dating; Planetary missions; Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; Noble gas mass spectrometry ID INNER SOLAR-SYSTEM; LUNAR CATACLYSM; GALE CRATER; MARS; CHRONOLOGY; ORIGIN; AGES; MASS; GEOCHRONOLOGY; STRATIGRAPHY AB Age is essential information for interpreting the geologic record on planetary surfaces. Although crater counting has been widely used to estimate the planetary surface ages, crater chronology in the inner solar system is largely built on radiometric age data from limited sites on the Moon. This has resulted in major uncertainty in planetary chronology. Because opportunities for sample-return missions are limited, in-situ geochronology measurements from one-way lander/rover missions are extremely valuable. Here we developed an in-situ isochron-based dating method using the K-Ar system, with K and Ar in a single rock sample extracted locally by laser ablation and measured using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS), respectively. We built an experimental system combining flight equivalent instruments and measured K-Ar ages for mineral samples with known ages (similar to 1.8 Ga) and K contents (1-8 wt%); we achieved precision of 20% except for a mineral with low mechanical strength. Furthermore, validation measurements with two natural rocks (gneiss slabs) obtained K-Ar isochron ages and initial Ar-40 consistent with known values for both cases. This result supports that our LIBS-MS approach can derive both isochron ages and contributions of non-in situ radiogenic Ar-40 from natural rocks. Error assessments suggest that the absolute ages of key geologic events including the Noachian/Hesperian- and the Hesperian/Amazonian-transition can be dated with 10-20% errors for a rock containing similar to 1 wt% K2O, greatly reducing the uncertainty of current crater chronology models on Mars. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cho, Yuichiro; Sugita, Seiji] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Cho, Yuichiro; Kameda, Shingo] Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. [Miura, Yayoi N.] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. [Okazaki, Ryuji] Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Nishi Ku, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan. [Iwata, Naoyoshi] Yamagata Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa, Yamagata 9908560, Japan. [Morota, Tomokatsu] Nagoya Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Cho, Yuichiro] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Cho, Y (reprint author), Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. EM cho@rikkyo.ac.jp RI Iwata, Naoyoshi/B-7554-2008 OI Iwata, Naoyoshi/0000-0002-0017-9130 FU Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science (ISAS)/Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [26247092]; JSPS [15K17796] FX The authors are grateful to two anonymous reviewers whose careful reading of this paper led to a number of significant improvements. This study was supported by funds from the Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science (ISAS)/Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid in Scientific Research Grant Number 26247092. Y. Cho was supported by JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B.) Grant Number 15K17796. The authors thank Keisuke Nagao of the University of Tokyo for providing the mineral samples. We would like to thank Takahiko Yagi, Ehime University, and Hirotada Goto, the University of Tokyo for assistance in making the pellet samples with a cubic press at the Institute of Solid State Physics, the University of Tokyo. The authors thank Naoto Ishikawa of Kyoto University and the 41st and 42nd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition Program for acquiring the gneiss samples. Asako Takamasa in Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) is acknowledged for separating biotites from the gneiss rocks. We are thankful to Kenji Mibe at Earthquake Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, for preparing a basaltic glass sample used for Ar measurements. All data and programs used for producing the results in this paper are available from the lead author on request (cho@rikkyo.ac.jp). NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 128 BP 14 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2016.05.004 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DQ1LA UT WOS:000378961300002 ER PT J AU Guo, JP Liu, H Wang, F Huang, JF Xia, F Lou, MY Wu, YR Jiang, JH Xie, T Zhaxi, YZ Yung, YL AF Guo, Jianping Liu, Huan Wang, Fu Huang, Jingfeng Xia, Feng Lou, Mengyun Wu, Yerong Jiang, Jonathan H. Xie, Tao Zhaxi, Yangzong Yung, Yuk L. TI Three-dimensional structure of aerosol in China: A perspective from multi-satellite observations SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CALIOP; Dust; Smoke; Frequency of occurrence; China ID AIR-POLLUTION; INDUCED VARIABILITY; EASTERN CHINA; NORTH-AMERICA; WARM CLOUDS; TRANSPORT; PRECIPITATION; DUST; ATMOSPHERE; ATLANTIC AB Using eight years (2006-2014) of passive (MODIS/Aqua and OMI/Aura) and active (CALIOP/CALIPSO) satellite measurements of aerosols, we yield a three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the frequency of occurrence (FoO) of aerosols over China. As an indicator of the vertical heterogeneity of aerosol layers detected by CALIOP, two types of Most Probable Height (MPH), including MPH_FoO and MPH_AOD, are deduced. The FoO of "Total Aerosol" reveals significant geographical dependence. Eastern China showed much stronger aerosol FoD than northwestern China. The FoO vertical structures of aerosol layer are strongly dependent on altitudes. Among the eight typical ROls analyzed, aerosol layers over the Gobi Desert have the largest occurrence probability located at an altitude as high as 2.83 km, as compared to 126 km over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. The diurnal variation (nighttime-daytime) in MPH_AOD varies from an altitude as low as 0.07 km over the Sichuan basin to 0.27 km over the Gobi Desert, whereas the magnitude of the diurnal variation in terms of MPH_AOD is six times as large as the MPH_FoO, mostly attributable to the day/night lidar SNR difference. Also, the 3D distribution of dust and smoke aerosols was presented. The multi-sensor synergized 3D observations of dust aerosols, frequently observed in the zonal belt of 38 degrees N-45 degrees N, is markedly different from that of smoke aerosols that are predominantly located in the eastern and southern parts. The 3D FoO distribution of dust indicates a west-to-east passageway of dust originating from the westernmost Taklimakan Desert all the way to North China Plain (NCP). The findings from the multi-sensor synergetic observations greatly improved our understanding on the long-range aerosol dispersion, transport and passageway over China. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guo, Jianping; Liu, Huan; Xia, Feng; Lou, Mengyun] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Wang, Fu] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Huang, Jingfeng] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wu, Yerong] Delft Univ Technol, Geosci & Remote Sensing Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands. [Jiang, Jonathan H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Xie, Tao] Guangzhou MapUniverse Technol Co Ltd, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Guo, Jianping; Zhaxi, Yangzong] Tibetan Inst Atmospher Environm & Sci, Lhasa 850000, Peoples R China. [Yung, Yuk L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Guo, JP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, 46 Zhong Guan Cun South Ave, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM jpguo@camscma.cn RI Huang, Jingfeng/D-7336-2012 OI Huang, Jingfeng/0000-0002-8779-2922 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China [2014BAC16B01]; Natural Science Foundation of China [91544217, 41471301, 41171294]; Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences [2014R18]; Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Plan Projects [2014A010101151]; NASA; California Institute of Technology FX This work was carried out under the auspices of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (Grant no. 2014BAC16B01), the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 91544217, 41471301 and 41171294), the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (Grant no. 2014R18), and Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Plan Projects (Grant no. 2014A010101151). The MODIS AOD data used in this study were also, acquired as part of the NASA's Earth-Sun System Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). Authors JHJ and YY thank the support by the NASA sponsored Jet Propulsion Laboratory and by the California Institute of Technology. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 178 BP 580 EP 589 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.05.010 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2YY UT WOS:000378360700049 ER PT J AU Langseth, BJ Schueller, AM Shertzer, KW Craig, JK Smith, JW AF Langseth, Brian J. Schueller, Amy M. Shertzer, Kyle W. Craig, J. Kevin Smith, Joseph W. TI Management implications of temporally and spatially varying catchability for the Gulf of Mexico menhaden fishery SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Catchability; Hypoxia; Spatio-temporal variation; Stock assessment; Gulf menhaden ID STOCK ASSESSMENT MODELS; BROWN SHRIMP; HYPOXIA; PERFORMANCE; ABUNDANCE; YIELD; AREA AB Catchability relates fishing effort to fishing mortality, and is an important component in fishery stock assessment models. Mis-specifying catchability can lead to inaccurate estimation of model parameters and bias in the determination of stock status. The Gulf of Mexico has one of the largest seasonal occurrences of hypoxia in the world and it overlaps in time and space with the Gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus fishery, potentially leading to temporal and spatial patterns in stock distribution and thus catchability. These patterns are not currently modeled in the Gulf menhaden stock assessment. To better understand the implications of spatial and temporal patterns in catchability due to hypoxia, we constructed an operating model of Gulf menhaden fishery dynamics under various assumptions of spatial coverages and temporal patterns, and used the output from the operating model as input into estimation models with alternative approaches on modeling catchability. Under the most extreme assumptions about the spatial coverage and magnitude of variation in catchability, median absolute error in estimates of fishing mortality and spawning stock reference points (F-30% and S-30%) was 73% and 29%, respectively, and median absolute error in estimates of fishing mortality and spawning stock based stock status was 23% and 79%, supporting the notion that errors in catchability are important. Under more reasonable assumptions, median absolute error declined to 20% and 2.9% for F-30% and S-30%, respectively, and to 3.8% and 2.4% for fishing mortality and spawning stock-based stock status, respectively. Modeling catchability as a random walk further reduced median absolute error to 5.0% for F-30% and 1.4% for S-30%, but slightly increased median absolute error for stock status indicators to 4.0% and 3.3%. Our results show generally that the spatial coverage, temporal pattern, and estimation approach of catchability affects the influence of mis-specifying catchability; and show specifically that the Gulf menhaden stock assessment is robust to the effects of hypoxia on catchability if assuming random-walk catchability. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Langseth, Brian J.; Schueller, Amy M.; Shertzer, Kyle W.; Craig, J. Kevin; Smith, Joseph W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Langseth, Brian J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Langseth, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM brian.langseth@noaa.gov FU Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX We thank A. Yau and K. Siegfried, J. Thorson, and an anonymous reviewer for contributions to previous drafts of the manuscript. This research was supported by a grant from the Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NOAA or any of its subagencies. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD SEP PY 2016 VL 181 BP 186 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.04.013 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DP0LS UT WOS:000378181900019 ER PT J AU Pajola, M Rossato, S Carter, J Baratti, E Pozzobon, R Erculiani, MS Coradini, M McBride, K AF Pajola, Maurizio Rossato, Sandro Carter, John Baratti, Emanuele Pozzobon, Riccardo Erculiani, Marco Sergio Coradini, Marcello McBride, Karen TI Eridania Basin: An ancient paleolake floor as the next landing site for the Mars 2020 rover SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, surface; Geological processes; Spectroscopy; Image processing; Exobiology ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; EMISSION SPECTROMETER EXPERIMENT; LACUSTRINE ENVIRONMENTS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL INERTIA; MARTIAN SURFACE; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; MAADIM-VALLIS; CRATER LAKES; ORIGIN AB The search for traces of past Martian life is directly connected to ancient paleolakes, where ponding water or low-energy water fluxes were present for long time intervals. The Eridania paleolakes system, located along the 180 meridian, is one of the largest lacustrine environments that were once present on Mars. Morphological features suggest that it was constituted by connected depressions filled by water to maximum depths of similar to 2400 m and a volume of at least 562,000 km(3). We focused our attention on the northern side of the Eridania Basin, where high-albedo, uneven patches of material characterized by the absence of dust are present. Based on OMEGA and CRISM orbital imaging spectroscopy data, a large clay-bearing unit has been identified there. In particular, a set of aqueous minerals in present in the stratigraphy, being visible through erosional windows in the first several tens of meters of the sedimentary sequence. Below this capping unit, a thin Al-rich clay stratum attributable to Al-smectite and/or kaolins is present. This overlies a Fe-rich clay stratum, attributable to the nontronite smectite. At the base of the mineralogic sequence a stratum that could be either a zeolite or more likely a hydrated sulfate is present. In addition, small deposits of alunite (a rare phase on Mars), and jarosite are here found at several locations. Such stratigraphy is interpreted as originating from a surface weathering process similar to terrestrial abiotic pedogenesis; nonetheless, possible exobiologic processes can be also invoked to explain it. NASA's Spirit rover landed on Gusev crater in 2004, near the mouth of the Ma'adim Vallis, which connects this crater with the considered paleolakes system. The Eridania site provides the unique opportunity to complete the measurements obtained in Gusev crater, while investigating the exposed mineralogical sequence in its depositionary setting. In addition, the extremely favorable landing parameters, such as elevation, slope, roughness, rock distribution, thermal inertia and dust coverage, support this location as a possible landing site for the NASA Mars 2020 rover. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Pajola, Maurizio] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Pajola, Maurizio; Erculiani, Marco Sergio] Univ Padua, Ctr Studies & Act Space G Colombo, Via Venezia 15, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Rossato, Sandro; Pozzobon, Riccardo] Univ Padua, Geosci Dept, I-3513 Padua, Italy. [Carter, John] Univ Paris 11, IAS, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Baratti, Emanuele] Univ Bologna, Dept DICAM, Sch Civil Engn, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. [Coradini, Marcello] European Space Agcy, F-75015 Paris, France. [Coradini, Marcello] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [McBride, Karen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Pajola, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM maurizio.pajola@nasa.gov OI Pajola, Maurizio/0000-0002-3144-1277; Coradini, Marcello/0000-0002-1711-3197 NR 142 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 275 BP 163 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.03.029 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DO8FB UT WOS:000378016900012 ER PT J AU Meriggiola, R Iess, L Stiles, BW Lunine, JI Mitri, G AF Meriggiola, Rachele Iess, Luciano Stiles, Bryan. W. Lunine, Jonathan. I. Mitri, Giuseppe TI The rotational dynamics of Titan from Cassini RADAR images SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan, interior; Satellites, dynamics; Geophysics ID INTERNAL STRUCTURE; GRAVITY-FIELD; OCEAN; TOPOGRAPHY; OBLIQUITY; STATE; SHAPE; ICE AB Between 2004 and 2009 the RADAR instrument of the Cassini mission provided 31 SAR images of Titan. We tracked the position of 160 surface landmarks as a function of time in order to monitor the rotational dynamics of Titan. We generated and processed RADAR observables using a least squares fit to determine the updated values of the rotational parameters. We provide a new rotational model of Titan, which includes updated values for spin pole location, spin rate, precession and nutation terms. The estimated pole location is compatible with the occupancy of a Cassini state 1. We found a synchronous value of the spin rate (22.57693 deg/day), compatible at a 3-sigma level with IAU predictions. The estimated obliquity is equal to 0.31, incompatible with the assumption of a rigid body with fully-damped pole and a moment of inertia factor of 0.34, as determined by gravity measurements. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Meriggiola, Rachele; Iess, Luciano] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Ingn Meccan & Aerospaziale, Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Stiles, Bryan. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Lunine, Jonathan. I.] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mitri, Giuseppe] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, Nantes, France. RP Meriggiola, R (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Ingn Meccan & Aerospaziale, Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184 Rome, Italy. EM rachele.meriggiola@uniromal.it RI IESS, Luciano/F-4902-2011 OI IESS, Luciano/0000-0002-6230-5825 FU Cassini Project FX We thank W. Jacobson and the Cassini Navigation Team (JPL) for the provided support on the error source analysis. Support by the Cassini Project is gratefully acknowledged. JIL is grateful for support from the Cassini Project. A portion of the work described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 275 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.01.019 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DO8FB UT WOS:000378016900013 ER PT J AU Gautier, T Schmitz-Afonso, I Touboul, D Szopa, C Buch, A Carrasco, N AF Gautier, Thomas Schmitz-Afonso, Isabelle Touboul, David Szopa, Cyril Buch, Arnaud Carrasco, Nathalie TI Development of HPLC-Orbitrap method for identification of N-bearing molecules in complex organic material relevant to planetary environments SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan, atmosphere; Atmospheres, chemistry; Organic chemistry; Prebiotic chemistry ID TITANS THOLINS PRODUCTION; COMETARY ICE ANALOGS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE HMT; PREBIOTIC CHEMISTRY; INTERSTELLAR ICE; SOLID-STATE; PRODUCTS; MELAMINE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Although the cassini Spacecraft and the Huygens Lander provided vast information about Titan atmospheric chemistry and the formation of its aerosols, the exact composition of these aerosols still remains unknown. A fruitful proxy to investigate these aerosols is the use of laboratory experiments that allow producing and studying analogs of Titan aerosol, the so-called tholins. Even when produced in the laboratory, unveiling the exact composition of the aerosol remains problematic due to the high complexity of the material. Numerous advances have been recently made using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) (Pernot et al. [2010] Anal. Chem. 82, 1371; Somogyi et al. [2012] Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 316-318, 157-163; Gautier et al. [2014] Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 404, 33-42) that allowed the separation of isobaric compounds and a robust identification of chemical species composing tholins regarding their molecular formulae. Nevertheless isomeric species cannot be resolved by a simple mass measurement. We propose here an analysis of tholins by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to HRMS to unveil this isomeric ambiguity for some of the major tholins compounds. By comparing chromatograms obtained when analyzing tholins and chemical standards, we strictly identified seven molecules in our tholins samples: melamine, cyanoguanidine, 6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 3,5-Dimethyl-1,2,4-triazole and 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine. Several molecules, including hexamethylenetriamine (HMT) were not present at detectable levels in our sample. The use for the first time of a coupled HPLC-HRMS technique applied to tholins study demonstrated the interest of such a technique compared to single high-resolution mass spectrometry for the study of tholins composition. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gautier, Thomas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 699,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gautier, Thomas; Szopa, Cyril; Carrasco, Nathalie] Univ Paris 06, UVSQ Univ Paris Saclay, LATMOS IPSL, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. [Schmitz-Afonso, Isabelle; Touboul, David] Univ Paris 11, ICSN, CNRS UPR 2301, 1 Ave Terrasse, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Schmitz-Afonso, Isabelle] Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014, 1 Rue Tesniere, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France. [Schmitz-Afonso, Isabelle] Univ Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, FR3038,IRCOF, 1 Rue Tesniere, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France. [Szopa, Cyril; Carrasco, Nathalie] Inst Univ France, 103 Bvd St Michel, F-75005 Paris, France. [Buch, Arnaud] Ecole Cent Paris, LGPM, F-92295 Chatenay Malabry, France. RP Gautier, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 699,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM thomas.j.gautier@nasa.gov RI Carrasco, Nathalie/D-2365-2012; szopa, cyril/C-6865-2015 OI Carrasco, Nathalie/0000-0002-0596-6336; szopa, cyril/0000-0002-0090-4056 FU French Program National de Planetologie (PNP); European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant PRIMCHEM) [636829] FX The research presented in this paper was partially funded through the French Program National de Planetologie (PNP). NC acknowledges the European Research Council for their financial support (ERC Starting Grant PRIMCHEM, Grant agreement no. 636829). TG acknowledges the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP 1 PY 2016 VL 275 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.03.007 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DO8FB UT WOS:000378016900021 ER PT J AU Leon, JJD Fryauf, DM Cormia, RD Zhang, MXM Samuels, K Williams, RS Kobayashi, NP AF Leon, Juan J. Diaz Fryauf, David M. Cormia, Robert D. Zhang, Min-Xian Max Samuels, Kathryn Williams, R. Stanley Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. TI Reflectometry-Ellipsometry Reveals Thickness, Growth Rate, and Phase Composition in Oxidation of Copper SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE copper oxide; reflectometry; ellipsometry; memristor; volatile conductive bridge ID THIN-FILMS; NATIVE OXIDATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; OXIDE; SURFACES; KINETICS; BULK; XPS AB The oxidation of copper is a complicated process. Copper oxide develops two stable phases at room temperature and standard pressure (RTSP): cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and cupric oxide (CuO). Both phases:have different optical and electrical characteristics that make them interesting for applications such as solar cells or resistive switching devices. For a given application, it is necessary to selectively control oxide thickness and cupric/cuprous oxide phase volume fraction. The thickness and composition of a copper oxide film growing on the surface of copper widely depend on the characteristics of as-deposited copper. In this Research Article, two samples, copper films prepared by two different deposition techniques, electron-beam evaporation and, sputtering, were studied. As the core part of the study, the formation of the oxidized copper was analyzed routinely over a period of 253 days using spectroscopic polarized reflectometry-spectroscopic ellipsometry (RE). An effective medium approximation (EMA) model was used to fit the RE data. The RE measurements were complemented and validated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Our results show that the two samples oxidized under identical laboratory ambient conditions (RTSP, 87% average relative humidity) developed unique oxide films following an inverse-logarithmic growth rate with thickness and composition different from each other over time. Discussion is focused on the ability of RE to simultaneously extract thickness (i.e., growth rate) and composition of copper oxide films and on plausible physical mechanisms responsible for unique oxidation habits observed in the two copper samples. It appears that extended surface characteristics (i.e., surface roughness and grain boundaries) and preferential crystalline orientation of as deposited polycrystalline copper films control the growth kinetics of the copper oxide film. Analysis based on a noncontact and nondestructive measurement, such as RE, to extract key material parameters is beneficial for conveniently understanding the oxidation process that would ultimately enable copper oxide-based devices at manufacturing scales. C1 [Leon, Juan J. Diaz; Fryauf, David M.; Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Leon, Juan J. Diaz; Fryauf, David M.; Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Nanostruct Energy Convers Technol & Res NECTAR, Adv Studies Labs, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Cormia, Robert D.] Foothill Coll, Los Altos, CA 94022 USA. [Zhang, Min-Xian Max; Samuels, Kathryn; Williams, R. Stanley] Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Leon, JJD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.; Leon, JJD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Nanostruct Energy Convers Technol & Res NECTAR, Adv Studies Labs, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jdiazleo@ucsc.edu RI Williams, R. Stanley/A-8281-2009 OI Williams, R. Stanley/0000-0003-0213-4259 FU NSF [DMR-1126845] FX We would like to acknowledge the Scott Oliver lab at the University of California Santa Cruz for the work of Jesse Hauser in X-ray diffractometry using a Rigaku SmartLab X-ray diffractometer, funded by the NSF Major Research Instrument (MRI) Program under Grant DMR-1126845. We would also like to thank Vince Crist (XPS international) for helpful assistance in interpreting the XPS data. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 30 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD AUG 31 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 34 BP 22337 EP 22344 DI 10.1021/acsami.6b06626 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DU9CP UT WOS:000382514100060 ER PT J AU Nedoluha, GE Connor, BJ Mooney, T Barrett, JW Parrish, A Gomez, RM Boyd, I Allen, DR Kotkamp, M Kremser, S Deshler, T Newman, P Santee, ML AF Nedoluha, Gerald E. Connor, Brian J. Mooney, Thomas Barrett, James W. Parrish, Alan Gomez, R. Michael Boyd, Ian Allen, Douglas R. Kotkamp, Michael Kremser, Stefanie Deshler, Terry Newman, Paul Santee, Michelle L. TI 20 years of ClO measurements in the Antarctic lower stratosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE MONOXIDE; SPRING STRATOSPHERE; LOW ALTITUDES; OZONE; REANALYSIS; SATELLITE; CHEMISTRY; CIO AB We present 20 years (1996-2015) of austral springtime measurements of chlorine monoxide (ClO) over Antarctica from the Chlorine Oxide Experiment (ChlOE1) ground-based millimeter wave spectrometer at Scott Base, Antarctica, as well 12 years (2004-2015) of ClO measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). From August onwards we observe a strong increase in lower stratospheric ClO, with a peak column amount usually occurring in early September. From mid-September onwards we observe a strong decrease in ClO. In order to study interannual differences, we focus on a 3-week period from 28 August to 17 September for each year and compare the average column ClO anomalies. These column ClO anomalies are shown to be highly correlated with the average ozone mass deficit for September and October of each year. We also show that anomalies in column ClO are strongly anti-correlated with 30 hPa temperature anomalies, both on a daily and an interannual timescale. Making use of this anti-correlation we calculate the linear dependence of the interannual variations in column ClO on interannual variations in temperature. By making use of this relationship, we can better estimate the underlying trend in the total chlorine (Cl-y = HCl + ClONO2 + HOCl + 2 x Cl-2 + 2 x Cl2O2 + ClO + Cl). The resultant trends in Cl-y, which determine the long-term trend in ClO, are estimated to be -0.5 +/- 0.2, -1.4 +/- 0.9, and -0.6 +/- 0.4% year(-1), for zonal MLS, Scott Base MLS (both 2004-2015), and ChlOE (1996-2015) respectively. These trends are within 1 sigma of trends in stratospheric Cl-y previously found at other latitudes. The decrease in ClO is consistent with the trend expected from regulations enacted under the Montreal Protocol. C1 [Nedoluha, Gerald E.; Gomez, R. Michael; Allen, Douglas R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Connor, Brian J.; Mooney, Thomas; Boyd, Ian] BC Sci Consulting LLC, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Barrett, James W.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Parrish, Alan] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kotkamp, Michael] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Kremser, Stefanie] Bodeker Sci, Alexandra, New Zealand. [Deshler, Terry] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Newman, Paul] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Santee, Michelle L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Nedoluha, GE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nedoluha@nrl.navy.mil OI /0000-0002-3573-7083 FU NASA under the Upper Atmosphere Research Program; Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This project was funded by NASA under the Upper Atmosphere Research Program, by the Naval Research Laboratory, and by the Office of Naval Research. We would like to acknowledge the many Antarctica New Zealand technicians who have supported the daily operation of ChlOE over two decades of measurements. We also acknowledge the logistical support that Antarctica New Zealand has supplied over this period. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Sonde temperature data were collected under support from the National Science Foundation. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 30 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 16 BP 10725 EP 10734 DI 10.5194/acp-16-10725-2016 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW6EZ UT WOS:000383743600002 ER PT J AU Dolant, C Langlois, A Montpetit, B Brucker, L Roy, A Royer, A AF Dolant, Caroline Langlois, Alexandre Montpetit, Benoit Brucker, Ludovic Roy, Alexandre Royer, Alain TI Development of a rain-on-snow detection algorithm using passive microwave radiometry SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE snow; passive microwave; rain-on-snow; extreme winter events ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ACTIVE LAYER; IMPACTS; TEMPERATURE; SVALBARD; CLIMATE; EVENTS; MODEL; ICE AB Currently observed climate warming in the Arctic has numerous consequences. Of particular relevance, the precipitation regime is modified where mixed and liquid precipitation can occur during the winter season leading to rain-on-snow (ROS) events. This phenomenon is responsible for ice crust formation, which has a significant impact on ecosystems (such as biological, hydrological, ecological and physical processes). The spatially and temporally sporadic nature of ROS events makes the phenomenon difficult to monitor using meteorological observations. This paper focuses on the detection of ROS events using passive microwave (PMW) data from a modified brightness temperature (T-B) gradient approach at 19 and 37GHz. The approach presented here was developed empirically for observed ROS events with coincident ground-based PMW measurements in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. It was then tested in Nunavik, Quebec, with the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). We obtained a detection accuracy of 57, 71 and 89% for ROS detection for three AMSR-E grid cells with a maximum error of 7% when considering all omissions and commissions with regard to the total number of AMSR-E passes throughout the winter period. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Dolant, Caroline; Langlois, Alexandre; Montpetit, Benoit; Roy, Alexandre; Royer, Alain] Univ Sherbrooke, Ctr Applicat & Rech Teledetect CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Dolant, Caroline; Langlois, Alexandre; Montpetit, Benoit; Royer, Alain] Ctr Etud Nord, Kuujjuarapik, PQ, Canada. [Montpetit, Benoit] Environm Canada, Canadian Ice Serv, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Brucker, Ludovic] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brucker, Ludovic] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res Studies & Invest, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. RP Dolant, C (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, Ctr Applicat & Rech Teledetect CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. EM caroline.dolant@USherbrooke.ca RI Brucker, Ludovic/A-8029-2010 OI Brucker, Ludovic/0000-0001-7102-8084 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Centre for Northern Studies; EnviroNorth; Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI) FX Funding for this research was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Centre for Northern Studies, EnviroNorth and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI). Thanks to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) for satellite data access. The authors would also like to thank the Universite de Sherbrooke and the Centre d'Applications et de Recherches en TELedetection (CARTEL) for logistical and administrative support. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD AUG 30 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 18 BP 3184 EP 3196 DI 10.1002/hyp.10828 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DW2IU UT WOS:000383466900006 ER PT J AU Bonnett, C Troxel, MA Hartley, W Amara, A Leistedt, B Becker, MR Bernstein, GM Bridle, SL Bruderer, C Busha, MT Kind, MC Childress, MJ Castander, FJ Chang, C Crocce, M Davis, TM Eifler, TF Frieman, J Gangkofner, C Gaztanaga, E Glazebrook, K Gruen, D Kacprzak, T King, A Kwan, J Lahav, O Lewis, G Lidman, C Lin, H MacCrann, N Miquel, R O'Neill, CR Palmese, A Peiris, HV Refregier, A Rozo, E Rykoff, ES Sadeh, I Sanchez, C Sheldon, E Uddin, S Wechsler, RH Zuntz, J Abbott, T Abdalla, FB Allam, S Armstrong, R Banerji, M Bauer, AH Benoit-Levy, A Bertin, E Brooks, D Buckley-Geer, E Burke, DL Capozzi, D Rosell, AC Carretero, J Cunha, CE D'Andrea, CB da Costa, LN DePoy, DL Desai, S Diehl, HT Dietrich, JP Doel, P Neto, AF Fernandez, E Flaugher, B Fosalba, P Gerdes, DW Gruendl, RA Honscheid, K Jain, B James, DJ Jarvis, M Kim, AG Kuehn, K Kuropatkin, N Li, TS Lima, M Maia, MAG March, M Marshall, JL Martini, P Melchior, P Miller, CJ Neilsen, E Nichol, RC Nord, B Ogando, R Plazas, AA Reil, K Romer, AK Roodman, A Sako, M Sanchez, E Santiago, B Smith, RC Soares-Santos, M Sobreira, F Suchyta, E Swanson, MEC Tarle, G Thaler, J Thomas, D Vikram, V Walker, AR AF Bonnett, C. Troxel, M. A. Hartley, W. Amara, A. Leistedt, B. Becker, M. R. Bernstein, G. M. Bridle, S. L. Bruderer, C. Busha, M. T. Kind, M. Carrasco Childress, M. J. Castander, F. J. Chang, C. Crocce, M. Davis, T. M. Eifler, T. F. Frieman, J. Gangkofner, C. Gaztanaga, E. Glazebrook, K. Gruen, D. Kacprzak, T. King, A. Kwan, J. Lahav, O. Lewis, G. Lidman, C. Lin, H. MacCrann, N. Miquel, R. O'Neill, C. R. Palmese, A. Peiris, H. V. Refregier, A. Rozo, E. Rykoff, E. S. Sadeh, I. Sanchez, C. Sheldon, E. Uddin, S. Wechsler, R. H. Zuntz, J. Abbott, T. Abdalla, F. B. Allam, S. Armstrong, R. Banerji, M. Bauer, A. H. Benoit-Levy, A. Bertin, E. Brooks, D. Buckley-Geer, E. Burke, D. L. Capozzi, D. Carnero Rosell, A. Carretero, J. Cunha, C. E. D'Andrea, C. B. da Costa, L. N. DePoy, D. L. Desai, S. Diehl, H. T. Dietrich, J. P. Doel, P. Fausti Neto, A. Fernandez, E. Flaugher, B. Fosalba, P. Gerdes, D. W. Gruendl, R. A. Honscheid, K. Jain, B. James, D. J. Jarvis, M. Kim, A. G. Kuehn, K. Kuropatkin, N. Li, T. S. Lima, M. Maia, M. A. G. March, M. Marshall, J. L. Martini, P. Melchior, P. Miller, C. J. Neilsen, E. Nichol, R. C. Nord, B. Ogando, R. Plazas, A. A. Reil, K. Romer, A. K. Roodman, A. Sako, M. Sanchez, E. Santiago, B. Smith, R. C. Soares-Santos, M. Sobreira, F. Suchyta, E. Swanson, M. E. C. Tarle, G. Thaler, J. Thomas, D. Vikram, V. Walker, A. R. CA Dark Energy Survey Collaboration TI Redshift distributions of galaxies in the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification shear catalogue and implications for weak lensing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; PHOTO-Z PERFORMANCE; VLT DEEP SURVEY; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; DATA RELEASE; PRECISION COSMOLOGY; SURVEY REQUIREMENTS; SHAPE MEASUREMENT; NEURAL-NETWORKS AB We present photometric redshift estimates for galaxies used in the weak lensing analysis of the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification (DES SV) data. Four model-or machine learning-based photometric redshift methods-ANNZ2, BPZ calibrated against BCC-Ufig simulations, SKYNET, and TPZ-are analyzed. For training, calibration, and testing of these methods, we construct a catalogue of spectroscopically confirmed galaxies matched against DES SV data. The performance of the methods is evaluated against the matched spectroscopic catalogue, focusing on metrics relevant for weak lensing analyses, with additional validation against COSMOS photo-z's. From the galaxies in the DES SV shear catalogue, which have mean redshift 0.72 +/- 0.01 over the range 0.3 < z < 1.3, we construct three tomographic bins with means of z = {0.45; 0.67; 1.00}. These bins each have systematic uncertainties delta z <= 0.05 in the mean of the fiducial SKYNET photo-z (dz). We propagate the errors in the redshift distributions through to their impact on cosmological parameters estimated with cosmic shear, and find that they cause shifts in the value of sigma(8) of approximately 3%. This shift is within the one sigma statistical errors on sigma(8) for the DES SV shear catalogue. We further study the potential impact of systematic differences on the critical surface density, Sigma(crit), finding levels of bias safely less than the statistical power of DES SV data. We recommend a final Gaussian prior for the photo-z bias in the mean of n(z) of width 0.05 for each of the three tomographic bins, and show that this is a sufficient bias model for the corresponding cosmology analysis. C1 [Bonnett, C.; Miquel, R.; Sanchez, C.; Carretero, J.; Fernandez, E.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Troxel, M. A.; Bridle, S. L.; MacCrann, N.; Zuntz, J.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Hartley, W.; Amara, A.; Bruderer, C.; Chang, C.; Kacprzak, T.; Refregier, A.] ETH, Dept Phys, Wolfgang Pauli Str 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Leistedt, B.; Lahav, O.; Palmese, A.; Peiris, H. V.; Sadeh, I.; Abdalla, F. B.; Benoit-Levy, A.; Brooks, D.; Doel, P.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Becker, M. R.; Busha, M. T.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Becker, M. R.; Rykoff, E. S.; Wechsler, R. H.; Burke, D. L.; Cunha, C. E.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, POB 2450, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bernstein, G. M.; Eifler, T. F.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [King, A.] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Kind, M. Carrasco; Gruendl, R. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kind, M. Carrasco; Gruendl, R. A.; Swanson, M. E. C.] Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, 1205 West Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Castander, F. J.; Crocce, M.; Gaztanaga, E.; Bauer, A. H.; Carretero, J.; Fosalba, P.] IEEC CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Campus UAB,Carrer Can Magrans S-N, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Eifler, T. F.; Abdalla, F. B.; Plazas, A. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Frieman, J.; Lin, H.; Allam, S.; Buckley-Geer, E.; Diehl, H. T.; Flaugher, B.; Kuropatkin, N.; Neilsen, E.; Nord, B.; Soares-Santos, M.; Sobreira, F.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Frieman, J.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kwan, J.; Vikram, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Lidman, C.; Kuehn, K.] Australian Astron Observ, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia. [Miquel, R.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain. [Rozo, E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Rykoff, E. S.; Wechsler, R. H.; Burke, D. L.; Reil, K.; Roodman, A.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Glazebrook, K.; Uddin, S.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Abbott, T.; James, D. J.; Smith, R. C.; Walker, A. R.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile. [Armstrong, R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Banerji, M.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Banerji, M.] Univ Cambridge, Kavli Inst Cosmol, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Bertin, E.] Inst Astrophys, CNRS, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Bertin, E.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Capozzi, D.; D'Andrea, C. B.; Nichol, R. C.; Thomas, D.] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England. [Carnero Rosell, A.; da Costa, L. N.; Fausti Neto, A.; Lima, M.; Maia, M. A. G.; Ogando, R.; Santiago, B.; Sobreira, F.] Lab Interinst Eastron LIneA, Rua Gal Jose Cristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Carnero Rosell, A.; da Costa, L. N.; Maia, M. A. G.; Ogando, R.] Observ Nacl, Rua Gal Jose Cristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [DePoy, D. L.; Li, T. S.; Marshall, J. L.] Texas A&M Univ, George P & Cynthia Woods Mitchell Inst Fundamenta, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [DePoy, D. L.; Li, T. S.; Marshall, J. L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Desai, S.] Univ Munich, Dept Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Gangkofner, C.; Sheldon, E.; Desai, S.; Dietrich, J. P.] Excellence Cluster Universe, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Gruen, D.; Dietrich, J. P.] Univ Munich, Univ Sternwarte, Fak Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Gerdes, D. W.; Miller, C. J.; Tarle, G.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gruen, D.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Honscheid, K.; Martini, P.; Melchior, P.; Suchyta, E.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Honscheid, K.; Melchior, P.; Suchyta, E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kim, A. G.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Martini, P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 174 W 18Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Miller, C. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Romer, A. K.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Pevensey Bldg, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Sanchez, E.] CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain. [Santiago, B.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, Caixa Postal 15051, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Thaler, J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lima, M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Dept Fis Matemat, CP 66318, BR-05314970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Lewis, G.] South East Phys Network, SEPnet, Southampton, Hants, England. [Davis, T. M.; O'Neill, C. R.] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Childress, M. J.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia. [Sheldon, E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 510, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Gangkofner, C.] Univ Munich, Fac Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany. RP Bonnett, C (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RI Lima, Marcos/E-8378-2010; Ogando, Ricardo/A-1747-2010; Davis, Tamara/A-4280-2008; Gaztanaga, Enrique/L-4894-2014; OI Ogando, Ricardo/0000-0003-2120-1154; Davis, Tamara/0000-0002-4213-8783; Gaztanaga, Enrique/0000-0001-9632-0815; Abdalla, Filipe/0000-0003-2063-4345; Sobreira, Flavia/0000-0002-7822-0658 FU European Research Council [240672]; DFG Cluster of Excellence Origin and Structure of the Universe; U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. National Science Foundation; Ministry of Science and Education of Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom; Higher Education Funding Council for England; National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago; Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University; Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas AM University; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos; Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico; Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Science Foundation [AST-1138766]; MINECO [AYA2012-39559, ESP2013-48274, FPA2013-47986]; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa [SEV-2012-0234]; ERDF funds from the European Union; Argonne National Laboratory; University of California at Santa Cruz; University of Cambridge; Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid; University of Chicago; University College London; DES-Brazil Consortium; Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; University of Edinburgh; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC); Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe; University of Michigan; National Optical Astronomy Observatory; University of Nottingham; Ohio State University; University of Pennsylvania; University of Portsmouth; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University; University of Sussex; Texas AM University; Australian Astronomical Observatory [A/2013B/012]; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO) [CE110001020]; Swiss National Science Foundation [200021_14944, 200021_143906]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; University of Arizona; Brazilian Participation Group; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Florida; French Participation Group; German Participation Group; Harvard University; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics; New Mexico State University; New York University; Pennsylvania State University; Princeton University; Spanish Participation Group; University of Tokyo; University of Utah; Vanderbilt University; University of Virginia; University of Washington; Yale University; ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory [179.A-2004, 177.A-3016] FX We are grateful for the extraordinary contributions of our CTIO colleagues and the DECam Construction, Commissioning and Science Verification teams in achieving the excellent instrument and telescope conditions that have made this work possible. The success of this project also relies critically on the expertise and dedication of the DES Data Management group. M. T., S. B., N. M., and J. Z. acknowledge support from the European Research Council in the form of a Starting Grant with number 240672. D. G. acknowledges the support by the DFG Cluster of Excellence Origin and Structure of the Universe. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and the Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. C. G. acknowledges the support by the DFG Cluster of Excellence Origin and Structure of the Universe. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number AST-1138766. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2012-39559, ESP2013-48274, FPA2013-47986, and Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa SEV-2012-0234, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Edinburgh, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, and Texas A&M University. Based in part on observations taken at the Australian Astronomical Observatory under program A/2013B/012. Parts of this research were conducted by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), through project number CE110001020. This work was supported in part by grants 200021_14944 and 200021_143906 from the Swiss National Science Foundation. Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science.; r The SDSS-III web site is http://www.sdss3.org/. SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, Harvard University, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, and Yale University. Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 179.A-2004. Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 177.A-3016. This paper is Fermilab publication FERMILAB-PUB-15-306 and DES publication DES2015-0060. This paper has gone through internal review by the DES Collaboration. NR 95 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 30 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 4 AR 042005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.94.042005 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA DU4IW UT WOS:000382177300001 ER PT J AU Frankenberg, C Thorpe, AK Thompson, DR Hulley, G Kort, EA Vance, N Borchardt, J Krings, T Gerilowski, K Sweeney, C Conley, S Bue, BD Aubrey, AD Hook, S Green, RO AF Frankenberg, Christian Thorpe, Andrew K. Thompson, David R. Hulley, Glynn Kort, Eric Adam Vance, Nick Borchardt, Jakob Krings, Thomas Gerilowski, Konstantin Sweeney, Colm Conley, Stephen Bue, Brian D. Aubrey, Andrew D. Hook, Simon Green, Robert O. TI Airborne methane remote measurements reveal heavy-tail flux distribution in Four Corners region SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE methane; Four Corners; remote sensing; heavy-tail ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER AVIRIS; MATCHED-FILTER DETECTION; GAS PRODUCTION SITES; EMISSION RATES; UNITED-STATES; TRACE GASES; RETRIEVAL; QUANTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CO2 AB Methane (CH4) impacts climate as the second strongest anthropogenic greenhouse gas and air quality by influencing tropospheric ozone levels. Space-based observations have identified the Four Corners region in the Southwest United States as an area of large CH4 enhancements. We conducted an airborne campaign in Four Corners during April 2015 with the next-generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (near-infrared) and Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (thermal infrared) imaging spectrometers to better understand the source of methane by measuring methane plumes at 1-to 3-m spatial resolution. Our analysis detected more than 250 individual methane plumes from fossil fuel harvesting, processing, and distributing infrastructures, spanning an emission range from the detection limit similar to 2 kg/h to 5 kg/h through similar to 5,000 kg/h. Observed sources include gas processing facilities, storage tanks, pipeline leaks, and well pads, as well as a coal mine venting shaft. Overall, plume enhancements and inferred fluxes follow a lognormal distribution, with the top 10% emitters contributing 49 to 66% to the inferred total point source flux of 0.23 Tg/y to 0.39 Tg/y. With the observed confirmation of a lognormal emission distribution, this airborne observing strategy and its ability to locate previously unknown point sources in real time provides an efficient and effective method to identify and mitigate major emissions contributors over a wide geographic area. With improved instrumentation, this capability scales to spaceborne applications [Thompson DR, et al. (2016) Geophys Res Lett 43(12): 6571-6578]. Further illustration of this potential is demonstrated with two detected, confirmed, and repaired pipeline leaks during the campaign. C1 [Frankenberg, Christian] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Frankenberg, Christian; Thorpe, Andrew K.; Thompson, David R.; Hulley, Glynn; Vance, Nick; Bue, Brian D.; Aubrey, Andrew D.; Hook, Simon; Green, Robert O.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kort, Eric Adam] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Borchardt, Jakob; Krings, Thomas; Gerilowski, Konstantin] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Conley, Stephen] Sci Aviat, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Conley, Stephen] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Frankenberg, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Frankenberg, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM cfranken@caltech.edu RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU NASA Headquarters; state of Bremen; University of Bremen; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration AC4 program [NA14OAR0110139] FX We thank the AVIRIS-NG flight and instrument teams, including Michael Eastwood, Sarah Lundeen, Scott Nolte, Mark Helmlinger, and Betina Pavri. Didier Keymeulen and Joseph Boardman assisted with the real-time system. We also thank the HyTES flight and instrument teams, including Bjorn Eng, Jonathan Mihaly, Seth Chazanoff, and Bill Johnson. We thank the organizers and all the participants in the TOPDOWN campaign for the fruitful collaboration. We thank NASA Headquarters, in particular Jack Kaye, for funding this flight campaign, which augmented the overall Twin Otter Projects Defining Oil/Gas Well Emissions (TOPDOWN) campaign. J.B., T.K., and K.G. were funded by the state of Bremen and University of Bremen. E.A.K. and C.S. were supported, in part, by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration AC4 program under Grant NA14OAR0110139. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 30 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 35 BP 9734 EP 9739 DI 10.1073/pnas.1605617113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DV7BL UT WOS:000383090700039 PM 27528660 ER PT J AU Zhang, RY Peng, JF Wang, Y Hu, M AF Zhang, Renyi Peng, Jianfei Wang, Yuan Hu, Min TI Rate and timescale of black carbon aging regulate direct radiative forcing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter ID AEROSOLS; IMPACTS; CHINA C1 [Zhang, Renyi; Peng, Jianfei] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zhang, Renyi; Peng, Jianfei] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zhang, Renyi; Peng, Jianfei; Hu, Min] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yuan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Zhang, RY (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.; Zhang, RY (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.; Zhang, RY; Hu, M (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM renyi-zhang@tamu.edu; minhu@pku.edu.cn RI Peng, Jianfei/F-1438-2015 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 32 U2 32 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 30 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 35 BP E5094 EP E5095 DI 10.1073/pnas.1610241113 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DV7BL UT WOS:000383090700002 PM 27555593 ER PT J AU Feyhl-Buska, J Chen, YF Jia, CL Wang, JX Zhang, CLL Boyd, ES AF Feyhl-Buska, Jayme Chen, Yufei Jia, Chengling Wang, Jin-Xiang Zhang, Chuanlun L. Boyd, Eric S. TI Influence of Growth Phase, pH, and Temperature on the Abundance and Composition of Tetraether Lipids in the Thermoacidophile Picrophilus torridus SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tetraether; GDGT; GTGT; growth phase; temperature; pH; thermoacidophile; stress ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; TERRESTRIAL HOT-SPRINGS; LOWER PEARL RIVER; SOUTH CHINA SEA; MEMBRANE-LIPIDS; POLAR LIPIDS; NITROSOPUMILUS-MARITIMUS; ARCHAEBACTERIAL LIPIDS; THERMOPHILIC ARCHAEA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB The abundance and composition of glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) and glycerol tribiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GTGT) lipids were determined as a function of growth phase as a proxy for nutrient availability, the pH of growth medium, and incubation temperature in cultures of the thermoacidophile Picrophilus torridus. Regardless of the cultivation condition, the abundance of GDGTs and GTGTs was greater in the polar than core fraction, with a marked decrease in core GDGTs in cultures harvested during log phase growth. These data are consistent with previous suggestions indicating that core GDGTs are re-functionalized during polar lipid synthesis. Under all conditions examined, polar lipids were enriched in a GDGT with 2 cyclopentyl rings (GDGT-2), indicating GDGT-2 is the preferred lipid in this taxon. However, lag or stationary phase grown cells or cells subjected to pH or thermal stress were enriched in GDGTs with 4, 5, or 6 rings and depleted in GDGTs with 1, 2, 3, rings relative to log phase cells grown under optimal conditions. Variation in the composition of polar GDGT lipids in cells harvested during various growth phases tended to be greater than in cells cultivated over a pH range of 0.31.1 and a temperature range of 5363 degrees C. These results suggest that the growth phase, the pH of growth medium, and incubation temperature are all important factors that shape the composition of tetraether lipids in Picrophilus. The similarity in enrichment of GDGTs with more rings in cultures undergoing nutrient, pH, and thermal stress points to GDGT cyclization as a generalized physiological response to stress in this taxon. C1 [Feyhl-Buska, Jayme; Boyd, Eric S.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Chen, Yufei; Jia, Chengling; Wang, Jin-Xiang; Zhang, Chuanlun L.] Tongji Univ, State Key Lab Marine Geol, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Boyd, Eric S.] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Feyhl-Buska, Jayme] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Wang, Jin-Xiang] Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, Bremen, Germany. RP Boyd, ES (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.; Boyd, ES (reprint author), NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM eboyd@montana.edu FU National Science Foundation [PIRE-0968421]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40972211, 41373072]; National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates grant [DBI REU 1005223]; NASA Astrobiology Institute [NNA15BB02A]; NASA Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology Program [NNX13AI11G] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (PIRE-0968421) to CZ and EB and from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40972211 and 41373072) to CZ. A National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates grant (DBI REU 1005223) supported JF during the completion of this work. EB acknowledges support from the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NNA15BB02A) and the NASA Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology Program (NNX13AI11G). Two reviewers are acknowledged for comments which significantly improved this manuscript. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD AUG 30 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 1323 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01323 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DU3KC UT WOS:000382108200001 PM 27625636 ER PT J AU Mandra, S Zhu, Z Wang, WL Perdomo-Ortiz, A Katzgraber, HG AF Mandra, Salvatore Zhu, Zheng Wang, Wenlong Perdomo-Ortiz, Alejandro Katzgraber, Helmut G. TI Strengths and weaknesses of weak-strong cluster problems: A detailed overview of state-of-the-art classical heuristics versus quantum approaches SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO; SPIN-GLASS; OPTIMIZATION; COMPUTATION; ANNEALERS; QUBITS AB To date, a conclusive detection of quantum speedup remains elusive. Recently, a team by Google Inc. [V. S. Denchev et al., Phys. Rev. X 6, 031015 (2016)] proposed a weak-strong cluster model tailored to have tall and narrow energy barriers separating local minima, with the aim to highlight the value of finite-range tunneling. More precisely, results from quantum Monte Carlo simulations as well as the D-Wave 2X quantum annealer scale considerably better than state-of-the-art simulated annealing simulations. Moreover, the D-Wave 2X quantum annealer is similar to 10(8) times faster than simulated annealing on conventional computer hardware for problems with approximately 10(3) variables. Here, an overview of different sequential, nontailored, as well as specialized tailored algorithms on the Google instances is given. We show that the quantum speedup is limited to sequential approaches and study the typical complexity of the benchmark problems using insights from the study of spin glasses. C1 [Mandra, Salvatore] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zhu, Zheng; Wang, Wenlong; Katzgraber, Helmut G.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Perdomo-Ortiz, Alejandro] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Perdomo-Ortiz, Alejandro] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Katzgraber, Helmut G.] Santa Fe Inst, 1399 Hyde Pk Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Katzgraber, Helmut G.] Coventry Univ, Appl Math Res Ctr, Coventry CV1 5FB, W Midlands, England. RP Mandra, S (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM smandra@fas.harvard.edu; zzwtgts@tamu.edu; wenlong@physics.umass.edu; alejandro.perdomoortiz@nasa.gov; hgk@tamu.edu FU NSF [DMR-1151387]; NASA [NNX14AF62G]; Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), via MIT Lincoln Laboratory Air Force [FA8721-05-C-0002] FX We thank the Google Quantum A. I. Lab members for sharing their QMC and SA data, multiple discussions, as well as making the weak-strong cluster instances available to us. We also thank A. Aspuru-Guzik, F. Hamze, A.J. Ochoa, and Eleanor G. Rieffel for many fruitful discussions, as well as H. Munoz-Bauza for help with the graphics. H.G.K. and W.W. acknowledge support from the NSF (Grant No. DMR-1151387). H.G.K. thanks D. Humm, M.P. White, T. Keller, H. Blumenthal, and P. Bocuse for inspiration during the initial stages of the manuscript. S.M. was supported by NASA (Sponsor Award No. NNX14AF62G). We thank the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin for providing HPC resources (Stampede Cluster) and Texas A&M University for access to their Ada and Lonestar clusters. This research is based upon work supported in part by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), via MIT Lincoln Laboratory Air Force Contract No. FA8721-05-C-0002. NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 29 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 2 AR 022337 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.022337 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DU2BR UT WOS:000382016400003 ER PT J AU Matsuyama, I Nimmo, F Keane, JT Chan, NH Taylor, GJ Wieczorek, MA Kiefer, WS Williams, JG AF Matsuyama, Isamu Nimmo, Francis Keane, James T. Chan, Ngai H. Taylor, G. Jeffrey Wieczorek, Mark A. Kiefer, Walter S. Williams, James G. TI GRAIL, LLR, and LOLA constraints on the interior structure of the Moon SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lunar interior ID DEEP LUNAR INTERIOR; SEISMIC DATA; POLYCRYSTALLINE OLIVINE; FREQUENCY-DEPENDENCE; CHANDLER-WOBBLE; TIDAL RESPONSE; GRAVITY-FIELD; GIANT IMPACT; MARE BASALTS; MODEL AB The interior structure of the Moon is constrained by its mass, moment of inertia, and k(2) and h(2) tidal Love numbers. We infer the likely radius, density, and (elastic limit) rigidity of all interior layers by solving the inverse problem using these observational constraints assuming spherical symmetry. Our results do not favor the presence of a low rigidity transition layer between a liquid outer core and mantle. If a transition layer exists, its rigidity is constrained to 43-9+26GPa, with a preference for the high rigidity values. Therefore, if a transition layer exists, it is more likely to have a rigidity similar to that of the mantle (approximate to 70GPa). The total (solid and liquid) core mass fraction relative to the lunar mass is constrained to 0.0098-0.0094+0.0066 and 0.0198-0.0049+0.0026 for interior structures with and without a transition layer, respectively, narrowing the range of possible giant impact formation scenarios. C1 [Matsuyama, Isamu; Keane, James T.; Chan, Ngai H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nimmo, Francis] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Taylor, G. Jeffrey] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wieczorek, Mark A.] Inst Phys Globe Paris, Paris, France. [Kiefer, Walter S.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3303 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Williams, James G.] Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Matsuyama, I (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM isa@lpl.arizona.edu RI Wieczorek, Mark/G-6427-2010; OI Wieczorek, Mark/0000-0001-7007-4222; Matsuyama, Isamu/0000-0002-2917-8633; Kiefer, Walter/0000-0001-6741-5460 FU NASA's Discovery Program FX The GRAIL mission is supported by NASA's Discovery Program and is performed under contract to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. A portion of the research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Government sponsorship is acknowledged. The data used are listed in the references and tables. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 16 BP 8365 EP 8375 DI 10.1002/2016GL069952 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DX5TC UT WOS:000384443800005 ER PT J AU Way, MJ Del Genio, AD Kiang, NY Sohl, LE Grinspoon, DH Aleinov, I Kelley, M Clune, T AF Way, M. J. Del Genio, Anthony D. Kiang, Nancy Y. Sohl, Linda E. Grinspoon, David H. Aleinov, Igor Kelley, Maxwell Clune, Thomas TI Was Venus the first habitable world of our solar system? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ancient Venus; habitability ID EARTH; ATMOSPHERE; WATER; PLANETS; EVOLUTION; HYDROGEN; OCEAN; DEUTERIUM; ROTATION; HISTORY AB Present-day Venus is an inhospitable place with surface temperatures approaching 750K and an atmosphere 90 times as thick as Earth's. Billions of years ago the picture may have been very different. We have created a suite of 3-D climate simulations using topographic data from the Magellan mission, solar spectral irradiance estimates for 2.9 and 0.715 Gya, present-day Venus orbital parameters, an ocean volume consistent with current theory, and an atmospheric composition estimated for early Venus. Using these parameters we find that such a world could have had moderate temperatures if Venus had a prograde rotation period slower than similar to 16 Earth days, despite an incident solar flux 46-70% higher than Earth receives. At its current rotation period, Venus's climate could have remained habitable until at least 0.715 Gya. These results demonstrate the role rotation and topography play in understanding the climatic history of Venus-like exoplanets discovered in the present epoch. C1 [Way, M. J.; Del Genio, Anthony D.; Kiang, Nancy Y.; Sohl, Linda E.; Aleinov, Igor; Kelley, Maxwell] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Way, M. J.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Astron & Space Phys, Uppsala, Sweden. [Sohl, Linda E.; Aleinov, Igor] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Grinspoon, David H.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Clune, Thomas] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Way, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.; Way, MJ (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Astron & Space Phys, Uppsala, Sweden. EM michael.j.way@nasa.gov OI Way, Michael/0000-0003-3728-0475 FU NASA Astrobiology Program through the Nexus for Exoplanet System Science (NExSS) research coordination network - NASA's Science Mission Directorate; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ROCKE-3D Science Task Group funding FX This research was supported by the NASA Astrobiology Program through the Nexus for Exoplanet System Science (NExSS) research coordination network sponsored by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. This work was also supported by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ROCKE-3D Science Task Group funding. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. Thanks to Jeffrey A. Jonas, Kostas Tsigaridis, and David S. Amundsen for their assistance in this work and thanks to June Wang at Washington University in St. Louis for help with the Magellan PDS data. We also thank referee Norman Sleep for his constructive comments. The data products associated with this paper can be obtained by contacting the first author Michael J. Way. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 14 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 16 BP 8376 EP 8383 DI 10.1002/2016GL069790 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DX5TC UT WOS:000384443800006 ER PT J AU Scheuchl, B Mouginot, J Rignot, E Morlighem, M Khazendar, A AF Scheuchl, B. Mouginot, J. Rignot, E. Morlighem, M. Khazendar, A. TI Grounding line retreat of Pope, Smith, and Kohler Glaciers, West Antarctica, measured with Sentinel-1a radar interferometry data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Grounding Line; Synthetic Aperture Radar; Sentinel-1 ID AMUNDSEN SEA EMBAYMENT; ICE-SHEET; PINE ISLAND; SHELF; WIDESPREAD; STABILITY; GREENLAND; CRYOSAT-2; THWAITES; SURFACE AB We employ Sentinel-1a C band satellite radar interferometry data in Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans mode to map the grounding line and ice velocity of Pope, Smith, and Kohler glaciers, in West Antarctica, for the years 2014-2016 and compare the results with those obtained using Earth Remote Sensing Satellites (ERS-1/2) in 1992, 1996, and 2011. We observe an ongoing, rapid grounding line retreat of Smith at 2km/yr (40km since 1996), an 11km retreat of Pope (0.5km/yr), and a 2km readvance of Kohler since 2011. The variability in glacier retreat is consistent with the distribution of basal slopes, i.e., fast along retrograde beds and slow along prograde beds. We find that several pinning points holding Dotson and Crosson ice shelves disappeared since 1996 due to ice shelf thinning, which signal the ongoing weakening of these ice shelves. Overall, the results indicate that ice shelf and glacier retreat in this sector remain unabated. C1 [Scheuchl, B.; Mouginot, J.; Rignot, E.; Morlighem, M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Rignot, E.; Khazendar, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Scheuchl, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM bscheuch@uci.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cryospheric Science Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration's MEaSUREs program FX This work was performed at the University of California, Irvine, and at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cryospheric Science Program and MEaSUREs program. The authors gratefully acknowledge the European Space Agency and the USGS for providing the data. SAR data acquisition was coordinated by the Polar Space Task Group. The 2014 grounding line is available at NSIDC as part of the updated MEaSUREs InSAR based grounding line product. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 16 BP 8572 EP 8579 DI 10.1002/2016GL069287 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DX5TC UT WOS:000384443800029 ER PT J AU Peyser, CE Yin, JJ Landerer, FW Cole, JE AF Peyser, Cheryl E. Yin, Jianjun Landerer, Felix W. Cole, Julia E. TI Pacific sea level rise patterns and global surface temperature variability SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sea level rise; Pacific; warming hiatus; global temperature ID WESTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; OCEAN HEAT UPTAKE; WARMING HIATUS; INTENSIFICATION; CIRCULATION; ATLANTIC; TRENDS AB During 1998-2012, climate change and sea level rise (SLR) exhibit two notable features: a slowdown of global surface warming (hiatus) and a rapid SLR in the tropical western Pacific. To quantify their relationship, we analyze the long-term control simulations of 38 climate models. We find a significant and robust correlation between the east-west contrast of dynamic sea level (DSL) in the Pacific and global mean surface temperature (GST) variability on both interannual and decadal time scales. Based on linear regression of the multimodel ensemble mean, the anomalously fast SLR in the western tropical Pacific observed during 1998-2012 indicates suppression of a potential global surface warming of 0.16 degrees 0.06 degrees C. In contrast, the Pacific contributed 0.29 degrees 0.10 degrees C to the significant interannual GST increase in 1997/1998. The Pacific DSL anomalies observed in 2015 suggest that the strong El Nino in 2015/2016 could lead to a 0.21 degrees 0.07 degrees C GST jump. C1 [Peyser, Cheryl E.; Yin, Jianjun; Cole, Julia E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Landerer, Felix W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Yin, JJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM yin@email.arizona.edu FU Strategic University Research Partnership Program of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory [1492484/NNN12AA01C] FX We thank many observation and modeling centers for making their data available. We thank the anonymous reviewers for detailed reviews and P. Goddard, S. Griffies, S. Malyshev, J. Pelletier, J. Russell, and R. Stouffer for discussion. The work was supported by the Strategic University Research Partnership Program of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (grant # 1492484/NNN12AA01C). The work of F.W.L. was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. The observational, reanalysis, and model data used in this study can be accessed from the URLs found in the section 2. For all other data inquiries, please contact Cheryl Peyser (peyser@email.arizona.edu). NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 16 BP 8662 EP 8669 DI 10.1002/2016GL069401 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DX5TC UT WOS:000384443800039 ER PT J AU Lyu, F Cummer, SA Briggs, M Marisaldi, M Blakeslee, RJ Bruning, E Wilson, JG Rison, W Krehbiel, P Lu, GP Cramer, E Fitzpatrick, G Mailyan, B McBreen, S Roberts, OJ Stanbro, M AF Lyu, Fanchao Cummer, Steven A. Briggs, Michael Marisaldi, Martino Blakeslee, Richard J. Bruning, Eric Wilson, Jennifer G. Rison, William Krehbiel, Paul Lu, Gaopeng Cramer, Eric Fitzpatrick, Gerard Mailyan, Bagrat McBreen, Sheila Roberts, Oliver J. Stanbro, Matthew TI Ground detection of terrestrial gamma ray flashes from distant radio signals SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE terrestrial gamma ray flashes; energetic in-cloud pulses; lightning; ground detection ID ALTITUDE AB Terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) are brief bursts of energetic gammy-ray photons generated during thunderstorms, which have been detected almost exclusively by satellite-based instruments. Here we present three lines of evidence which includes the three out of three simultaneously observed pairs, the same occurrence contexts, and the consistent estimated occurrence rate, which indicate a direct relationship between a subset of TGFs and a class of energetic radio signal easily detectable by ground-based sensors. This connection indicates that these gamma ray and radio emissions are two views of the same phenomenon and further enable detection of these TGFs from ground distant radio signals alone. Besides dramatically increasing the detection rate of TGFs, this ground detection approach can identify TGFs in continental and coastal areas that are at latitudes too high for present TGF-detecting satellites and will provide more insights into the mechanism of TGF production. C1 [Lyu, Fanchao; Cummer, Steven A.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Briggs, Michael; Cramer, Eric; Fitzpatrick, Gerard; Mailyan, Bagrat] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Briggs, Michael; Stanbro, Matthew] Univ Alabama, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Marisaldi, Martino] INAF IASF Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Marisaldi, Martino] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, Birkeland Ctr Space Sci, Bergen, Norway. [Blakeslee, Richard J.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Bruning, Eric] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Atmospher Sci Grp, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Wilson, Jennifer G.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Rison, William; Krehbiel, Paul] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Langmuir Lab Atmospher Res, Geophys Res Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Lu, Gaopeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Key Lab Middle Atmosphere & Global Environm Obser, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Lu, Gaopeng] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Cramer, Eric] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Fitzpatrick, Gerard; McBreen, Sheila; Roberts, Oliver J.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Cummer, SA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM cummer@ee.duke.edu RI Roberts, Oliver/N-6284-2016 OI Roberts, Oliver/0000-0002-7150-9061 FU National Science Foundation Dynamic and Physical Meteorology program [ATM-1047588]; DARPA Nimbus program [HR0011-10-10059]; Science Foundation Ireland [12/IP/1288] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation Dynamic and Physical Meteorology program through grant ATM-1047588 and the DARPA Nimbus program through grant HR0011-10-10059. The authors would like to thank those colleges at Florida Institute of Technology, University of Oklahoma, University of Mississippi, and Kansas State University which assist us with the operation of LF networks. We thank Vaisala Inc. for providing the real-time lightning data which enabled us to start the investigation. O.J.R. and S.M.B. acknowledge support from Science Foundation Ireland under grant 12/IP/1288. We thank the Fermi team for providing the Fermi-GBM gamma ray data (http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/gbm/). The recent TGF catalog can be accessed on the website (http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/gbm/tgf/). All data are available by request (cummer@ee.duke.edu). The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments to improve the paper. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 16 BP 8728 EP 8734 DI 10.1002/2016GL070154 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DX5TC UT WOS:000384443800047 ER PT J AU Kahn, BH Huang, XL Stephens, GL Collins, WD Feldman, DR Su, H Wong, S Yue, Q AF Kahn, Brian H. Huang, Xianglei Stephens, Graeme L. Collins, William D. Feldman, Daniel R. Su, Hui Wong, Sun Yue, Qing TI ENSO regulation of far- and mid-infrared contributions to clear-sky OLR SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE far infrared; clear sky; tropics; ENSO; upper troposphere; water vapor ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL DEEP CONVECTION; WATER-VAPOR; EL-NINO; CHANGING CLIMATE; CLOUDS; TROPOSPHERE; DEPENDENCE; SIGNATURE; RADIATION AB NASA Aqua-derived thermodynamic profiles, calculated spectral clear-sky outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), and vertical velocity fields from meteorological reanalyses are combined to determine the relative proportion of the far-infrared (FIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectral contributions to the total clear-sky OLR during different phases of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In the ascending branch of the tropical circulation, the spatial variance of upper tropospheric water vapor is shown to be larger during La Nina than El Nino and is consistent with zonal symmetry changes in the tropical waveguide and associated tropical-extratropical mixing. In the descending branch, upper tropospheric water vapor shows weaker coupling to lower layers that is evidenced by changes in the ratio of FIR to MIR in the clear-sky OLR. Diagnostics from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory AM3 model simulation are generally similar to satellite data, but the ratio of FIR to MIR is 5-10% larger with respect to dynamic regime. C1 [Kahn, Brian H.; Stephens, Graeme L.; Su, Hui; Wong, Sun; Yue, Qing] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Huang, Xianglei] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Collins, William D.; Feldman, Daniel R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate & Ecosyst Div, Berkeley, CA USA. [Collins, William D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kahn, BH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM brian.h.kahn@jpl.nasa.gov RI Collins, William/J-3147-2014; Yue, Qing/F-4619-2017 OI Collins, William/0000-0002-4463-9848; Yue, Qing/0000-0002-3559-6508 FU JPL; University of Michigan; NASA [NNX14AJ50G]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Atmospheric System Research programs [DE-ACO2-05CH11231] FX A portion of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank two anonymous reviewers for very constructive feedback and insights that led to an improved manuscript. B. Kahn was supported by Strategic University Research Partnership (SURP) proposal between JPL and the University of Michigan. X. Huang was supported by NASA under grant NNX14AJ50G awarded to the University of Michigan. D. Feldman and W. Collins acknowledge support by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Atmospheric System Research programs, under award DE-ACO2-05CH11231. The AIRS version 6 data sets were processed by and obtained from the Goddard Earth Services Data and Information Services Center (http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/). The MERRA data sets were processed by and obtained from the NASA Goddard's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). Copyright 2016. All rights reserved. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 16 BP 8751 EP 8759 DI 10.1002/2016GL070263 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DX5TC UT WOS:000384443800050 ER PT J AU Wu, LH Hasekamp, O van Diedenhoven, B Cairns, B Yorks, JE Chowdhary, J AF Wu, Lianghai Hasekamp, Otto van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan Cairns, Brian Yorks, John E. Chowdhary, Jacek TI Passive remote sensing of aerosol layer height using near-UV multiangle polarization measurements SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aerosol layer height ID RESEARCH SCANNING POLARIMETER; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; PHOTOPOLARIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RETRIEVAL; OCEAN; SENSITIVITY; LIDAR; BAND AB We demonstrate that multiangle polarization measurements in the near-UV and blue part of the spectrum are very well suited for passive remote sensing of aerosol layer height. For this purpose we use simulated measurements with different setups (different wavelength ranges, with and without polarization, different polarimetric accuracies) as well as airborne measurements from the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) obtained over the continental USA. We find good agreement of the retrieved aerosol layer height from RSP with measurements from the Cloud Physics Lidar showing a mean absolute difference of less than 1km. Furthermore, we found that the information on aerosol layer height is provided for large part by the multiangle polarization measurements with high accuracy rather than the multiangle intensity measurements. The information on aerosol layer height is significantly decreased when the shortest RSP wavelength (410nm) is excluded from the retrieval and is virtually absent when 550nm is used as shortest wavelength. C1 [Wu, Lianghai; Hasekamp, Otto] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan; Cairns, Brian; Chowdhary, Jacek] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Yorks, John E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Chowdhary, Jacek] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. RP Wu, LH (reprint author), SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM l.wu@sron.nl FU NASA Radiation Sciences Program FX The RSP data are available from NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (http://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/rsp/). The RSP data from the SEAC4RS and PODEX field experiments that are used in this study were funded by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program managed by Hal Maring and by the NASA Earth Science Division as part of the preformulation study for the Aerosol Cloud and ocean Ecosystem (ACE) mission. The CPL data are provided by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center from the Web site at http://cpl.gsfc.nasa.gov/. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 16 BP 8783 EP 8790 DI 10.1002/2016GL069848 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DX5TC UT WOS:000384443800054 ER PT J AU Newman, PA Coy, L Pawson, S Lait, LR AF Newman, P. A. Coy, L. Pawson, S. Lait, L. R. TI The anomalous change in the QBO in 2015-2016 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE QBO ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL STRATOSPHERE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; WIND; MODEL AB The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is a tropical lower stratospheric, downward propagating zonal wind variation, with an average period of similar to 8months. The QBO has been constantly documented since 1953. Here we describe the evolution of the QBO during the Northern Hemisphere winter of 2015-2016 using radiosonde observations and meteorological reanalyses. Normally, the QBO would show a steady downward propagation of the westerly phase. In 2015-2016, there was an anomalous upward displacement of this westerly phase from similar to 30hPa to 15hPa. These westerlies impinge on or cutoff the normal downward propagation of the easterly phase. In addition, easterly winds develop at 40hPa. Comparisons to tropical wind statistics for the 1953 to present record demonstrate that this 2015-2016 QBO disruption is unprecedented. C1 [Newman, P. A.; Coy, L.; Pawson, S.; Lait, L. R.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Coy, L.] SSAI, Lanham, MD USA. [Lait, L. R.] Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. RP Newman, PA (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM paul.a.newman@nasa.gov FU NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program; NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program FX The help of Eric R. Nash and Gerald Ziemke is greatly appreciated. This research was performed with funding from the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program and the NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program. The MERRA-2 reanalysis fields were obtained from the NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System (https://earthdata.nasa.gov). The monthly mean QBO data for the 1953-1978 period were obtained from the Freie Universitat Berlin (http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/met/ag/strat/produkte/qbo/). Daily global radiosondes have been collected at NASA/GSFC and are provided from the Global Telecommunications System (available via the NOAA/NCEP web site: ftp://ftp.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/wd53rl/rsonde/). NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 16 BP 8791 EP 8797 DI 10.1002/2016GL070373 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DX5TC UT WOS:000384443800055 ER PT J AU Mackie, CJ Candian, A Huang, XC Maltseva, E Petrignani, A Oomens, J Mattioda, AL Buma, WJ Lee, TJ Tielens, AGGM AF Mackie, Cameron J. Candian, Alessandra Huang, Xinchuan Maltseva, Elena Petrignani, Annemieke Oomens, Jos Mattioda, Andrew L. Buma, Wybren Jan Lee, Timothy J. Tielens, Alexander G. G. M. TI The anharmonic quartic force field infrared spectra of five non-linear polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and triphenylene SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION FEATURES; SPECTROSCOPY; PAHS; MOLECULES; GRAPHENE; DATABASE; RINGS; IONS AB The study of interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) relies heavily on theoretically predicted infrared spectra. Most earlier studies use scaled harmonic frequencies for band positions and the double harmonic approximation for intensities. However, recent high-resolution gas-phase experimental spectroscopic studies have shown that the harmonic approximation is not sufficient to reproduce experimental results. In our previous work, we presented the anharmonic theoretical spectra of three linear PAHs, showing the importance of including anharmonicities into the theoretical calculations. In this paper, we continue this work by extending the study to include five non-linear PAHs (benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and triphenylene), thereby allowing us to make a full assessment of how edge structure, symmetry, and size influence the effects of anharmonicities. The theoretical anharmonic spectra are compared to spectra obtained under matrix isolation low-temperature conditions, low-resolution, high-temperature gas-phase conditions, and high-resolution, low-temperature gas-phase conditions. Overall, excellent agreement is observed between the theoretical and experimental spectra although the experimental spectra show subtle but significant differences. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Mackie, Cameron J.; Candian, Alessandra; Petrignani, Annemieke; Tielens, Alexander G. G. M.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Huang, Xinchuan] SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave,Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Maltseva, Elena; Petrignani, Annemieke; Buma, Wybren Jan] Univ Amsterdam, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Petrignani, Annemieke; Oomens, Jos] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 7, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Mattioda, Andrew L.; Lee, Timothy J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Mackie, CJ (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM mackie@strw.leidenuniv.nl RI Buma, Wybren Jan/F-6691-2011; Lee, Timothy/K-2838-2012; HUANG, XINCHUAN/A-3266-2013; OI Buma, Wybren Jan/0000-0002-1265-8016; Petrignani, Annemieke/0000-0002-6116-5867; Candian, Alessandra/0000-0002-5431-4449 FU Advanced European Research Council [246976]; Spinoza award; Dutch Astrochemistry Network - Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, NWO; NWO Exacte Wetenschappen [MP-270-13, MP-264]; NWO [639.041.543, 723.014.007]; NASA [12-APRA12-0107]; NASA/SETI [NNX15AF45A]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the NASA Astrobiology Institute through the Science Mission Directorate [NNH13ZDA017C] FX The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that improved the clarity of the manuscript. The spectroscopic study of interstellar PAHs at Leiden Observatory has been supported through the Advanced European Research Council Grant No. 246976, a Spinoza award, and through the Dutch Astrochemistry Network funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, NWO. Computing time has been made available by NWO Exacte Wetenschappen (Project Nos. MP-270-13 and MP-264) and calculations were performed at the LISA Linux cluster of the SurfSARA supercomputer center in Almere, The Netherlands. A.C. acknowledges NWO for a VENI grant (639.041.543). A.P. acknowledges NWO for a VIDI grant (723.014.007). X.H. and T.J.L. gratefully acknowledge support from the NASA 12-APRA12-0107 grant. X.H. acknowledges the support from NASA/SETI Co-op Agreement NNX15AF45A. This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the NASA Astrobiology Institute under Cooperative Agreement Notice NNH13ZDA017C issued through the Science Mission Directorate. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 17 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2016 VL 145 IS 8 AR 084313 DI 10.1063/1.4961438 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DW8AL UT WOS:000383875500034 PM 27586928 ER PT J AU Battaglia, A Mroz, K Lang, T Tridon, F Tanelli, S Tian, L Heymsfield, GM AF Battaglia, A. Mroz, K. Lang, Tim Tridon, F. Tanelli, S. Tian, Lin Heymsfield, Gerald M. TI Using a multiwavelength suite of microwave instruments to investigate the microphysical structure of deep convective cores SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DUAL-WAVELENGTH RADAR; HYDROMETEOR IDENTIFICATION ALGORITHM; RAIN-PROFILING ALGORITHM; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; PART II; PRECIPITATION RETRIEVAL; LIQUID WATER; CLOUD; ATTENUATION; RADIOMETER AB Due to the large natural variability of its microphysical properties, the characterization of solid precipitation is a longstanding problem. Since in situ observations are unavailable in severe convective systems, innovative remote sensing retrievals are needed to extend our understanding of such systems. This study presents a novel technique able to retrieve the density, mass, and effective diameter of graupel and hail in severe convection through the combination of airborne microwave remote sensing instruments. The retrieval is applied to measure solid precipitation properties within two convective cells observed on 23-24 May 2014 over North Carolina during the IPHEx campaign by the NASA ER-2 instrument suite. Between 30 and 40 degrees of freedom of signal are associated with the measurements, which is insufficient to provide full microphysics profiling. The measurements have the largest impact on the retrieval of ice particle sizes, followed by ice water contents. Ice densities are mainly driven by a priori assumptions, though low relative errors in ice densities suggest that in extensive regions of the convective system, only particles with densities larger than 0.4 g/cm(3) are compatible with the observations. This is in agreement with reports of large hail on the ground and with hydrometeor classification derived from ground-based polarimetric radars observations. This work confirms that multiple scattering generated by large ice hydrometeors in deep convection is relevant for airborne radar systems already at Ku band. A fortiori, multiple scattering will play a pivotal role in such conditions also for Ku band spaceborne radars (e.g., the GPM Dual Precipitation Radar). C1 [Battaglia, A.; Mroz, K.] Univ Leicester, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leicester, Leics, England. [Battaglia, A.; Tridon, F.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Earth Observat Sci, Leicester, Leics, England. [Lang, Tim] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Tanelli, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tian, Lin; Heymsfield, Gerald M.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Tian, Lin] Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. RP Battaglia, A (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leicester, Leics, England.; Battaglia, A (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Earth Observat Sci, Leicester, Leics, England. EM a.battaglia@leicester.ac.uk RI Tridon, Frederic/M-4127-2013; OI Tridon, Frederic/0000-0002-0436-283X; Battaglia, Alessandro/0000-0001-9243-3484 FU project "Calibration and validation studies over the North Atlantic and UK for the Global Precipitation Mission" - UK NERC [NE/L007169/1]; NASA ACE Mission formulation; GPM Ground Validation; NASA Airborne Instrument Technology Transition (AITT); ACE; GPM GV; NASA FX The work done by A. Battaglia and F. Tridon was funded by the project "Calibration and validation studies over the North Atlantic and UK for the Global Precipitation Mission" funded by the UK NERC (NE/L007169/1). The forward radar model code was courteously provided by R. Hogan (http://www.met.rdg.ac.uk/clouds/multiscatter/). This research used the ALICE High Performance Computing Facility at the University of Leicester. CRS was supported by the NASA ACE Mission formulation. HIWRAP was supported by GPM Ground Validation. EXRAD was supported by the NASA Airborne Instrument Technology Transition (AITT). ER-2 flights were jointly sponsored by GPM ground validation and the ACE Decadal Mission study. AMPRs participation was supported by GPM GV. Timothy Lang was supported by GPM GV. The work performed by Simone Tanelli was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA in support to the preformulation phase studies for the ACE mission concept and to the GPM Science Team. NEXRAD data were obtained from NOAA via the online data set hosted by Amazon Web Services. NEXRAD processing code is available from https://github.com/ARM-DOE/pyart, https://github.com/CSU-Radarmet/CSU_RadarTools, and https://github.com/nasa/DualPol. AMPR processing code is available from https://github.com/nasa/PyAMPR. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 16 BP 9356 EP 9381 DI 10.1002/2016JD025269 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ9OQ UT WOS:000386207200006 PM 27708991 ER PT J AU Li, JLF Wang, YH Lee, T Waliser, D Lee, WL Yu, JY Chen, YC Fetzer, E Hasson, A AF Li, J. -L. F. Wang, Yi-Hui Lee, Tong Waliser, Duane Lee, Wei-Liang Yu, Jia-Yuh Chen, Yi-Chun Fetzer, Eric Hasson, Audrey TI The impacts of precipitating cloud radiative effects on ocean surface evaporation, precipitation, and ocean salinity in coupled GCM simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL WATER CYCLE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; FLUX CORRECTION; PART I; CMIP3; VARIABILITY; ARGO; INTENSIFICATION AB The coupled global climate model (GCM) fidelity in representing upper ocean salinity including near sea surface bulk salinity (SSS) is evaluated in this study, with a focus on the Pacific Ocean. The systematic biases in ocean surface evaporation (E) minus precipitation (P) and SSS are found to be fairly similar in the twentieth century simulations of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase 3 (CMIP3) and Phase 5 (CMIP5) relative to the observations. One of the potential causes of the CMIP model biases is the missing representation of the radiative effects of precipitating hydrometeors (i.e., snow) in most CMIP models. To examine the radiative effect of cloud snow on SSS, sensitivity experiments with and without such effect are conducted by the National Center for Atmospheric Research-coupled Community Earth System Model (CESM). This study investigates the difference in SSS between sensitivity experiments and its relationship with atmospheric circulation, E - P and air-sea heat fluxes. It is found that the exclusion of the cloud snow radiative effect in CESM produces weaker Pacific trade winds, resulting in enhanced precipitation, reduced evaporation, and a reduction of the upper ocean salinity in the tropical and subtropical Pacific. The latter results in an improved comparison with climatological upper ocean bulk salinity. The introduction of cloud snow also altered the budget terms that maintain the time-mean salinity in the mixed layer. C1 [Li, J. -L. F.; Wang, Yi-Hui; Lee, Tong; Waliser, Duane; Fetzer, Eric; Hasson, Audrey] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Li, J. -L. F.; Lee, Tong; Waliser, Duane; Fetzer, Eric] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Lee, Wei-Liang; Chen, Yi-Chun] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Change, Taipei, Taiwan. [Yu, Jia-Yuh] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taoyuan, Taiwan. RP Li, JLF (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Li, JLF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM Juilin.F.Li@jpl.nasa.gov FU Earth Science Program, the Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) [NNH12ZDA001N ROSES 2012]; ATMOS COMP [NNH12ZDA001N-CCST]; NDOA; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NASA Physical Oceanography Program; NASA; Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan [NSC100-2119-M-001-029-MY5, NSC102-2111-M-001-009] FX We acknowledge PCMDI/DOE and the WCRP's WGCM for their roles in making CMIP3/CMIP5 available. We thank Qing Yue and Graeme Stephens for their useful comments. The contribution by J.L.L. and D.E.W. to this study were carried out on behalf of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contracts of NNH12ZDA001N ROSES 2012, Earth Science Program, the Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP), and ATMOS COMP 2013 (NNH12ZDA001N-CCST) and J.J.L. under NDOA with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as well as T.L. from NASA Physical Oceanography Program. This work has been supported in part by the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) programs. W.L.L. was supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan under contracts NSC100-2119-M-001-029-MY5 and NSC102-2111-M-001-009. The subsurface ocean salinity data from the World Ocean Atlas 2009 (WOA09) is used in this study and can be found in http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/WOA09/pr_woa09.html. The long-term mean evaporation is based on the Objectively Analyzed air-sea Fluxes (OAFlux) product [Yu and Weller,]. The OAFlux project began in 1958, and its utilization of satellite-based, high-resolution ocean surface vector winds since July 1987 weights the long-term mean in favor of the late twentieth century and can be found at http://oaflux.whoi.edu/. The long-term mean precipitation is obtained from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.gpcp.html). NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 16 BP 9474 EP 9491 DI 10.1002/2016JD024911 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ9OQ UT WOS:000386207200012 ER PT J AU Wen, GY Marshak, A Varnai, T Levy, R AF Wen, Guoyong Marshak, Alexander Varnai, Tamas Levy, Robert TI Testing the two-layer model for correcting near-cloud reflectance enhancement using LES/SHDOM-simulated radiances SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CALIPSO OBSERVATIONS; AEROSOL PROPERTIES; BROKEN CLOUDS; MODIS; PRODUCTS; VALIDATION; SCATTERING; SATELLITE; SURFACE AB A transition zone exists between cloudy skies and clear sky; such that, clouds scatter solar radiation into clear-sky regions. From a satellite perspective, it appears that clouds enhance the radiation nearby. We seek a simple method to estimate this enhancement, since it is so computationally expensive to account for all three-dimensional (3-D) scattering processes. In previous studies, we developed a simple two-layer model (2LM) that estimated the radiation scattered via cloud-molecular interactions. Here we have developed a new model to account for cloud-surface interaction (CSI). We test the models by comparing to calculations provided by full 3-D radiative transfer simulations of realistic cloud scenes. For these scenes, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-like radiance fields were computed from the Spherical Harmonic Discrete Ordinate Method (SHDOM), based on a large number of cumulus fields simulated by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) large eddy simulation (LES) model. We find that the original 2LM model that estimates cloud-air molecule interactions accounts for 64% of the total reflectance enhancement and the new model (2LM + CSI) that also includes cloud-surface interactions accounts for nearly 80%. We discuss the possibility of accounting for cloud-aerosol radiative interactions in 3-D cloud-induced reflectance enhancement, which may explain the remaining 20% of enhancements. Because these are simple models, these corrections can be applied to global satellite observations (e.g., MODIS) and help to reduce biases in aerosol and other clear-sky retrievals. C1 [Wen, Guoyong; Marshak, Alexander; Varnai, Tamas; Levy, Robert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wen, Guoyong] Morgan State Univ, GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Varnai, Tamas] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Wen, GY (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Wen, GY (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. EM Guoyong.Wen-1@nasa.gov RI Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012; Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013 OI Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303 FU NASA Radiation Program; NASA CALIPSO project; NASA Terra/Aqua projects FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this research by the NASA Radiation Program managed by Hal Maring, the NASA CALIPSO project supervised by David Considine, and the NASA Terra/Aqua projects managed by Paula Bontempi. We also thank Frank Evans for providing the results of radiative transfer calculations for cumulus fields from Large-Eddy Simulations. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 16 BP 9661 EP 9674 DI 10.1002/2016JD025021 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ9OQ UT WOS:000386207200023 ER PT J AU Lang, TJ Lyons, WA Cummer, SA Fuchs, BR Dolan, B Rutledge, SA Krehbiel, P Rison, W Stanley, M Ashcraft, T AF Lang, Timothy J. Lyons, Walter A. Cummer, Steven A. Fuchs, Brody R. Dolan, Brenda Rutledge, Steven A. Krehbiel, Paul Rison, William Stanley, Mark Ashcraft, Thomas TI Observations of two sprite-producing storms in Colorado SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHARGE MOMENT CHANGES; SEVERE THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; LIGHTNING FLASH RATE; PART II; PRECIPITATION; RADAR; STEPS; ELVES AB Two sprite-producing thunderstorms were observed on 8 and 25 June 2012 in northeastern Colorado by a combination of low-light cameras, a lightning mapping array, polarimetric and Doppler radars, the National Lightning Detection Network, and charge moment change measurements. The 8 June event evolved from a tornadic hailstorm to a larger multicellular system that produced 21 observed positive sprites in 2 h. The majority of sprites occurred during a lull in convective strength, as measured by total flash rate, flash energy, and radar echo volume. Mean flash area spiked multiple times during this period; however, total flash rates still exceeded 60 min(-1), and portions of the storm featured a complex anomalous charge structure, with midlevel positive charge near -20 degrees C. The storm produced predominantly positive cloud-to-ground lightning. All sprite-parent flashes occurred on the northeastern flank of the storm, where strong westerly upper level flow was consistent with advection of charged precipitation away from convection, providing a pathway for stratiform lightning. The 25 June event was another multicellular hailstorm with an anomalous charge structure that produced 26 positive sprites in less than 1 h. The sprites again occurred during a convective lull, with relatively weaker reflectivity and lower total flash rate but relatively larger mean flash area. However, all sprite parents occurred in or near convection and tapped charge layers in adjacent anvil cloud. The results demonstrate the sprite production by convective ground strokes in anomalously charged storms and also indicate that sprite production and convective vigor are inversely related in mature storms. C1 [Lang, Timothy J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Lyons, Walter A.] FMA Res Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Cummer, Steven A.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Fuchs, Brody R.; Dolan, Brenda; Rutledge, Steven A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Krehbiel, Paul; Rison, William; Stanley, Mark] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Ashcraft, Thomas] Heliotown Observ, Lamy, NM USA. RP Lang, TJ (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM timothy.j.lang@nasa.gov OI Fuchs, Brody/0000-0002-7629-0687 FU NASA; Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA); National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX Pat Kennedy, Dave Brunkow, Jim George, and Bob Bowie all contributed to the CSU-CHILL and CSU-Pawnee radar scanning on the storm days analyzed in this study, and thus, important data sets would not have been available without their help. CSU radar data and COLMA data from DC3 are available from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR; http://data.eol.ucar.edu/master_list/?project=DC3). NEXRAD volumetric radar data are available from Amazon Web Services (https://aws.amazon.com/noaa-big-data/nexrad/), while MRMS data are available from the National Severe Storms Laboratory (http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/projects/mrms/). NLDN data are available from the NASA Global Hydrology Resource Center (https://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/home/). Sounding data were obtained from the University of Wyoming (http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html). Key open source software packages used in this study include Py-ART (http://arm-doe.github.io/pyart/), ARTview (https://github.com/nguy/artview), lmatools (https://github.com/deeplycloudy/lmatools), CSU_RadarTools (https://github.com/CSU-Radarmet/CSU_RadarTools), DualPol (https://github.com/nasa/DualPol), MMM-Py (https://github.com/nasa/MMM-Py), SkewT (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/SkewT), and SHARPpy (http://sharppy.github.io/SHARPpy/). CEDRIC and SPRINT can be obtained from NCAR (https://wiki.ucar.edu/display/raygridding/Home) along with other useful radar software, such as Radx (https://www.ral.ucar.edu/projects/titan/docs/radial_formats/radx.html). Contact the first author (timothy.j.lang@nasa.gov) for access to other data sets, such as sprite imagery and CMCN measurements. Lang also can provide access to customized analysis software, such as CLEAR and XLMA. Funding for this work was provided by the NASA Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) project, the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) Nimbus program, and the National Science Foundation (NSF) Physical Meteorology and Lower Atmosphere Observing Facilities programs. DC3 was made possible by the financial and logistical support of NSF, NASA, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The views, opinions, and findings in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NASA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 16 BP 9675 EP 9695 DI 10.1002/2016JD025299 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ9OQ UT WOS:000386207200024 ER PT J AU Fast, JD Berg, LK Zhang, K Easter, RC Ferrare, RA Hair, JW Hostetler, CA Liu, Y Ortega, I Sedlacek, A Shilling, JE Shrivastava, M Springston, SR Tomlinson, JM Volkamer, R Wilson, J Zaveri, RA Zelenyuk, A AF Fast, Jerome D. Berg, Larry K. Zhang, Kai Easter, Richard C. Ferrare, Richard A. Hair, Johnathan W. Hostetler, Chris A. Liu, Ying Ortega, Ivan Sedlacek, Arthur, III Shilling, John E. Shrivastava, Manish Springston, Stephen R. Tomlinson, Jason M. Volkamer, Rainer Wilson, Jacqueline Zaveri, Rahul A. Zelenyuk, Alla TI Model representations of aerosol layers transported from North America over the Atlantic Ocean during the Two-Column Aerosol Project SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; PHASE FRAGMENTATION REACTIONS; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS SCHEME; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; CARBON VERTICAL PROFILES; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; LOW-VOLATILITY SOA; BASIS-SET APPROACH; ORGANIC AEROSOL AB The ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry (WRF-Chem) version 3.7 and the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.3 (CAM5) in simulating profiles of aerosol properties is quantified using extensive in situ and remote sensing measurements from the Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP) conducted during July of 2012. TCAP was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program and was designed to obtain observations within two atmospheric columns; one fixed over Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and the other several hundred kilometers over the ocean. The performance is quantified using most of the available aircraft and surface measurements during July, and 2 days are examined in more detail to identify the processes responsible for the observed aerosol layers. The higher-resolution WRF-Chem model produced more aerosol mass in the free troposphere than the coarser-resolution CAM5 model so that the fraction of aerosol optical thicknessabove the residual layer from WRF-Chem was more consistent with lidar measurements. We found that the free troposphere layers are likely due to mean vertical motions associated with synoptic-scale convergence that lifts aerosols from the boundary layer. The vertical displacement and the time period associated with upward transport in the troposphere depend on the strength of the synoptic system and whether relatively high boundary layer aerosol concentrations are present where convergence occurs. While a parameterization of subgrid scale convective clouds applied in WRF-Chem modulated the concentrations of aerosols aloft, it did not significantly change the overall altitude and depth of the layers. C1 [Fast, Jerome D.; Berg, Larry K.; Zhang, Kai; Easter, Richard C.; Liu, Ying; Shilling, John E.; Shrivastava, Manish; Tomlinson, Jason M.; Wilson, Jacqueline; Zaveri, Rahul A.; Zelenyuk, Alla] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ferrare, Richard A.; Hair, Johnathan W.; Hostetler, Chris A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Ortega, Ivan; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sedlacek, Arthur, III; Springston, Stephen R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jerome.fast@pnl.gov RI Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016 OI Zhang, Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369 FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy; DOE ARM [DE-SC0006730]; National Science Foundation; [DE-A06-76RLO976 1830] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) and Atmospheric System Research (ASR) programs. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated by DOE by the Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-A06-76RLO976 1830. We thank the contributions of numerous individuals, including the G-1 flight crew (M. Hubbell, W. Svancara, J. Hone, and E. Dukes), King Air flight crew (R. Yasky, L. Kagey, M. Wusk, D. Bowser, S. Sims, D. Riddick, and G. Slover), staff from the Cape Cod National Seashore (Superintendent G. Price, L. McKean, C. Skowron, and B. Dougan), Cape Cod National Seashore Atlantic Research and Learning Center, and the radiosonde launch team from the Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies (M. Dunn, S. Greene, C. Hudak, L. Ludwig, J. Melander, D. Minsky, K. Shorr, S. Sollog, D. Towler, E. Larson, D. Dionne, C. Skowron). Support for the HSRL-2 flight operations during TCAP was provided by the DOE ARM program, Interagency Agreement DE-SC0006730, while support for the development of HSRL-2 was provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate, ESTO, AITT, and Radiation Science Programs. The NOAA-MFRSR measurements were supported by NOAA GOES-R Cal/Val Activities within NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service. We thank Joseph Michalsky (NOAA) for providing the AOD measurements from the MFRSR instrument, Louisa Emmons (NCAR) for providing the MOZART global chemistry model output, Christine Wiedinmyer (NCAR) for providing the fire emissions inventory, Stuart McKeen (NOAA) for processing the 2011 NEI, Michael Sprenger and Heini Wernli (ETH) for providing the Lagrangian Analysis Tool LAGRANTO for the CAM5 back trajectory calculations, and Po-Lun Ma (PNNL) for assisting with the set up of CAM5. The Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (EMSL), a DOE Office of Science User Facility located at PNNL, provided computational resources for the WRF-Chem simulations. For the CAM5 simulations, we would like to acknowledge the computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (sponsored by the National Science Foundation) and from the PNNL Institutional Computing (PIC). Data used in this manuscript are available from the ARM data archive (www.archive.arm.gov) or from the corresponding author (jerome.fast@pnnl.gov). NR 108 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 16 BP 9814 EP 9848 DI 10.1002/2016JD025248 PG 35 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ9OQ UT WOS:000386207200031 ER PT J AU Li, JY Mao, JQ Min, KE Washenfelder, RA Brown, SS Kaiser, J Keutsch, FN Volkamer, R Wolfe, GM Hanisco, TF Pollack, IB Ryerson, TB Graus, M Gilman, JB Lerner, BM Warneke, C de Gouw, JA Middlebrook, AM Liao, J Welti, A Henderson, BH McNeill, VF Hall, SR Ullmann, K Donner, LJ Paulot, F Horowitz, LW AF Li, Jingyi Mao, Jingqiu Min, Kyung-Eun Washenfelder, Rebecca A. Brown, Steven S. Kaiser, Jennifer Keutsch, Frank N. Volkamer, Rainer Wolfe, Glenn M. Hanisco, Thomas F. Pollack, Ilana B. Ryerson, Thomas B. Graus, Martin Gilman, Jessica B. Lerner, Brian M. Warneke, Carsten de Gouw, Joost A. Middlebrook, Ann M. Liao, Jin Welti, Andre Henderson, Barron H. McNeill, V. Faye Hall, Samuel R. Ullmann, Kirk Donner, Leo J. Paulot, Fabien Horowitz, Larry W. TI Observational constraints on glyoxal production from isoprene oxidation and its contribution to organic aerosol over the Southeast United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADICAL-INITIATED OXIDATION; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; METHYL VINYL KETONE; GAS-PHASE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; PARTICULATE MATTER; PEROXY-RADICALS AB We use a 0-D photochemical box model and a 3-D global chemistry-climate model, combined with observations from the NOAA Southeast Nexus (SENEX) aircraft campaign, to understand the sources and sinks of glyoxal over the Southeast United States. Box model simulations suggest a large difference in glyoxal production among three isoprene oxidation mechanisms (AM3ST, AM3B, and Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) v3.3.1). These mechanisms are then implemented into a 3-D global chemistry-climate model. Comparison with field observations shows that the average vertical profile of glyoxal is best reproduced by AM3ST with an effective reactive uptake coefficient.glyx of 2 x 10(-3) and AM3B without heterogeneous loss of glyoxal. The two mechanisms lead to 0-0.8 mu gm(-3) secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from glyoxal in the boundary layer of the Southeast U.S. in summer. We consider this to be the lower limit for the contribution of glyoxal to SOA, as other sources of glyoxal other than isoprene are not included in our model. In addition, we find that AM3B shows better agreement on both formaldehyde and the correlation between glyoxal and formaldehyde (RGF = [GLYX]/[HCHO]), resulting from the suppression of d-isoprene peroxy radicals. We also find that MCM v3.3.1 may underestimate glyoxal production from isoprene oxidation, in part due to an underestimated yield from the reaction of isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) peroxy radicals with HO2. Our work highlights that the gas-phase production of glyoxal represents a large uncertainty in quantifying its contribution to SOA. C1 [Li, Jingyi; Mao, Jingqiu; Paulot, Fabien] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu; Donner, Leo J.; Paulot, Fabien; Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Min, Kyung-Eun; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Brown, Steven S.; Pollack, Ilana B.; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Graus, Martin; Gilman, Jessica B.; Lerner, Brian M.; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Liao, Jin; Welti, Andre] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Min, Kyung-Eun; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Volkamer, Rainer; Pollack, Ilana B.; Graus, Martin; Gilman, Jessica B.; Lerner, Brian M.; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Liao, Jin; Welti, Andre] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Min, Kyung-Eun] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Gwangju, South Korea. [Brown, Steven S.; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kaiser, Jennifer; Keutsch, Frank N.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Keutsch, Frank N.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.; Hanisco, Thomas F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Pollack, Ilana B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Graus, Martin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Atmospher & Cryospher Sci, Innsbruck, Austria. [Welti, Andre] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Henderson, Barron H.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Engn Sch Sustainable Infrastruct & Environm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [McNeill, V. Faye] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY USA. [Hall, Samuel R.; Ullmann, Kirk] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Mao, JQ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Mao, JQ (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Jingqiu.Mao@noaa.gov RI Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; FU NOAA Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310071, NA14OAR4320106]; NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate, and Carbon Cycle (AC4) program; EPA [83540601]; NASA [NNH10ZDA001N-SEAC4RS]; NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [NNX14AK97H]; NSF EAGER [AGS-1452317]; NSF [AGS-1546136] FX The authors thank Charles A. Brock (NOAA) for providing the aerosol size data, Vaishali Naik (UCAR/NOAA) for providing the emission inventories from the SENEX campaign, and William Cooke for the help with convection scheme of the AM3 model. J.L., J.M., and L.W.H. acknowledge supports by the NOAA Climate Program Office grant NA13OAR4310071 and NA14OAR4320106. K.E.M., R.A.W., and S.S.B. acknowledge the support from the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate, and Carbon Cycle (AC4) program. J.K., F.N.K., G.M.W., and T.F.H. are grateful for the support from EPA Science to Achieve Results program grant 83540601 and NASA grant NNH10ZDA001N-SEAC4RS. J. Kaiser acknowledges support from NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program grant NNX14AK97H. R.V. is grateful for the support from NSF EAGER award AGS-1452317. V.F.M. acknowledges support from NSF (AGS-1546136). We thank the staff at the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center and the WP-3D flight crew for their help in instrumenting the aircraft and for conducting the flights. Special thanks go to Songmiao Fan (NOAA) for the helpful discussions. This research has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Observational data sets and modeling results are available upon request to the corresponding author (Jingqiu.Mao@noaa.gov). NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 16 BP 9849 EP 9861 DI 10.1002/2016JD025331 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ9OQ UT WOS:000386207200032 ER PT J AU Ware, J Kort, EA DeCola, P Duren, R AF Ware, John Kort, Eric A. DeCola, Phil Duren, Riley TI Aerosol lidar observations of atmospheric mixing in Los Angeles: Climatology and implications for greenhouse gas observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER HEIGHT; AIR-POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; FIELD-OF-VIEW; CO2 EMISSIONS; COASTAL ENVIRONMENT; SIMULATIONS; BACKSCATTER; DEPENDENCE; SYSTEM; DEPTH AB Atmospheric observations of greenhouse gases provide essential information on sources and sinks of these key atmospheric constituents. To quantify fluxes from atmospheric observations, representation of transport-especially vertical mixing-is a necessity and often a source of error. We report on remotely sensed profiles of vertical aerosol distribution taken over a 2 year period in Pasadena, California. Using an automated analysis system, we estimate daytime mixing layer depth, achieving high confidence in the afternoon maximum on 51% of days with profiles from a Sigma Space Mini Micropulse LiDAR (MiniMPL) and on 36% of days with a Vaisala CL51 ceilometer. We note that considering ceilometer data on a logarithmic scale, a standard method, introduces, an offset in mixing height retrievals. The mean afternoon maximum mixing height is 770 m Above Ground Level in summer and 670 m in winter, with significant day-to-day variance (within season sigma = 220 m approximate to 30%). Taking advantage of the MiniMPL's portability, we demonstrate the feasibility of measuring the detailed horizontal structure of the mixing layer by automobile. We compare our observations to planetary boundary layer (PBL) heights from sonde launches, North American regional reanalysis (NARR), and a custom Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model developed for greenhouse gas (GHG) monitoring in Los Angeles. NARR and WRF PBL heights at Pasadena are both systematically higher than measured, NARR by 2.5 times; these biases will cause proportional errors in GHG flux estimates using modeled transport. We discuss how sustained lidar observations can be used to reduce flux inversion error by selecting suitable analysis periods, calibrating models, or characterizing bias for correction in post processing. C1 [Ware, John] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ware, John; Kort, Eric A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [DeCola, Phil] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA. [Duren, Riley] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ware, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.; Ware, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM johnware@umich.edu RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541 FU NASA [NNN12AA01C]; NASA FX This work was supported by NASA under grant NNN12AA01C. Portions of this work were performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. We thank Taylor Jones for assistance in setting up and operating the MiniMPL instrument and Athena Sparks for help with data preprocessing. We thank Vineet Yadav for generating and providing WRF model output. NARR data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. The authors would also like to thank the Megacities Carbon Project team for useful discussion and feedback. Mixing depth data will be available through the Megacities Carbon Project portal at https://megacities.jpl.nasa.gov. To obtain a copy of the analysis system used to generate the estimates, please contact the authors at johnware@umich.edu. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 16 BP 9862 EP 9878 DI 10.1002/2016JD024953 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ9OQ UT WOS:000386207200033 PM 27867786 ER PT J AU Mezuman, K Bauer, SE Tsigaridis, K AF Mezuman, Keren Bauer, Susanne E. Tsigaridis, Kostas TI Evaluating secondary inorganic aerosols in three dimensions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; AQUEOUS-PHASE-TRANSITIONS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; GODDARD-INSTITUTE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; AMMONIUM-NITRATE; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL-MODEL; MINERAL DUST; EMISSIONS AB The spatial distribution of aerosols and their chemical composition dictates whether aerosols have a cooling or a warming effect on the climate system. Hence, properly modeling the three-dimensional distribution of aerosols is a crucial step for coherent climate simulations. Since surface measurement networks only give 2-D data, and most satellites supply integrated column information, it is thus important to integrate aircraft measurements in climate model evaluations. In this study, the vertical distribution of secondary inorganic aerosol (i.e., sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate) is evaluated against a collection of 14 AMS flight campaigns and surface measurements from 2000 to 2010 in the USA and Europe. GISS ModelE2 is used with multiple aerosol microphysics (MATRIX, OMA) and thermodynamic (ISOR-ROPIA II, EQSAM) configurations. Our results show that the MATRIX microphysical scheme improves the model performance for sulfate, but that there is a systematic underestimation of ammonium and nitrate over the USA and Europe in all model configurations. In terms of gaseous precursors, nitric acid concentrations are largely underestimated at the surface while overestimated in the higher levels of the model. Heterogeneous reactions on dust surfaces are an important sink for nitric acid, even high in the troposphere. At high altitudes, nitrate formation is calculated to be ammonia limited. The underestimation of ammonium and nitrate in polluted regions is most likely caused by a too simplified treatment of the NH3 / NH4+ partitioning which affects the HNO3 / NO3- partitioning. C1 [Mezuman, Keren] Columbia Univ, Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Mezuman, Keren; Bauer, Susanne E.; Tsigaridis, Kostas] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Bauer, Susanne E.; Tsigaridis, Kostas] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Bauer, SE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.; Bauer, SE (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM susanne.bauer@columbia.edu FU NASA; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP) [NNX15AE36G] FX Climate modeling at GISS is supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. SEB and KT acknowledge funding from NASA's Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP), contract number NNX15AE36G. We acknowledge the IMPROVE monitoring program for providing data. EMEP measurement data were extracted from the EBAS database, which is maintained and further developed by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU). We acknowledge the Toolsets for Airborne Data (TAD) website:https://tad.larc.nasa.gov, as well as the site https://sites.google.com/site/amsglobaldatabase/ maintained by the Zhang and Jimenez groups. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 26 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 16 BP 10651 EP 10669 DI 10.5194/acp-16-10651-2016 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW6EW UT WOS:000383743200002 ER PT J AU Adams, C Normand, EN McLinden, CA Bourassa, AE Lloyd, ND Degenstein, DA Krotkov, NA Rivas, MB Boersma, KF Eskes, H AF Adams, Cristen Normand, Elise N. McLinden, Chris A. Bourassa, Adam E. Lloyd, Nicholas D. Degenstein, Douglas A. Krotkov, Nickolay A. Rivas, Maria Belmonte Boersma, K. Folkert Eskes, Henk TI Limb-nadir matching using non-coincident NO2 observations: proof of concept and the OMI-minus-OSIRIS prototype product SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; TROPOSPHERIC NO2; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; COLUMN RETRIEVAL; SCIAMACHY; SATELLITE; MISSION AB A variant of the limb-nadir matching technique for deriving tropospheric NO2 columns is presented in which the stratospheric component of the NO2 slant column density (SCD) measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) is removed using non-coincident profiles from the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System (OSIRIS). In order to correct their mismatch in local time and the diurnal variation of stratospheric NO2 OSIRIS profiles, which were measured just after sunrise, were mapped to the local time of OMI observations using a photochemical box model. Following the profile time adjustment, OSIRIS NO2 stratospheric vertical column densities (VCDs) were calculated. For profiles that did not reach down to the tropopause, VCDs were adjusted using the photochemical model. Using air mass factors from the OMI Standard Product (SP), a new tropospheric NO2 VCD product -referred to as OMI-minus-OSIRIS (OmO) - was generated through limb-nadir matching. To accomplish this, the OMI total SCDs were scaled using correction factors derived from the next-generation SCDs that improve upon the spectral fitting used for the current operational products. One year, 2008, of OmO was generated for 60 degrees S to 60 degrees N and a cursory evaluation was performed. The OmO product was found to capture the main features of tropospheric NO2, including a background value of about 0.3 x 10(15) molecules cm(-2) over the tropical Pacific and values comparable to the OMI operational products over anthropogenic source areas. While additional study is required, these results suggest that a limb-nadir matching approach is feasible for the removal of stratospheric NO2 measured by a polar orbiter from a nadir-viewing instrument in a geostationary orbit such as Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) or Sentinel-4. C1 [Adams, Cristen; Normand, Elise N.; Bourassa, Adam E.; Lloyd, Nicholas D.; Degenstein, Douglas A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Adams, Cristen] Alberta Environm & Pk, Alberta Environm Monitoring & Sci Div, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [McLinden, Chris A.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Krotkov, Nickolay A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Rivas, Maria Belmonte; Boersma, K. Folkert; Eskes, Henk] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Boersma, K. Folkert] Wageningen Univ, Meteorol & Air Qual Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Adams, C (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.; Adams, C (reprint author), Alberta Environm & Pk, Alberta Environm Monitoring & Sci Div, Edmonton, AB, Canada. EM cristenlfadams@gmail.com RI Boersma, Klaas/H-4559-2012 OI Boersma, Klaas/0000-0002-4591-7635 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada); Canadian Space Agency; Sweden (SNSB); Canada (CSA); France (CNES); Finland (Tekes) FX This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada) and the Canadian Space Agency. Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by Sweden (SNSB), Canada (CSA), France (CNES), and Finland (Tekes). The authors thank David Plummer for the provision of climatological fields from the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model. Thanks to Sergey Marchenko for providing the OMI SCD bias correction factors. Thank you also to Chris Roth for help with the OSIRIS database. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD AUG 26 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 8 BP 4103 EP 4122 DI 10.5194/amt-9-4103-2016 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW7PH UT WOS:000383842900001 ER PT J AU Aguilar, M Alpat, B Alpat, B Ambrosi, G Arruda, L Attig, N Aupetit, S Azzarello, P Bachlechner, A Barao, F Barrau, A Barrin, L Bartoloni, A Basara, L Basegmez-du Pree, S Battarbee, M Battiston, R Bazo, J Becker, U Behlmann, M Beischer, B Berdugo, J Bertucci, B Bindi, V Boella, G de Boer, W Bollweg, K Bonnivard, V Borgia, B Boschini, MJ Bourquin, M Bueno, EF Burger, J Cadoux, F Cai, XD Capell, M Caroff, S Casaus, J Castellini, G Cernuda, I Cervelli, F Chae, MJ Chang, YH Chen, AI Chen, GM Chen, HS Cheng, L Chou, HY Choumilov, E Choutko, V Chung, CH Clark, C Clavero, R Coignet, G Consolandi, C Contin, A Corti, C Coste, B Creus, W Crispoltoni, M Cui, Z Dai, YM Delgado, C Della Torre, S Demirkoz, MB Derome, L Di Falco, S Dimiccoli, F Diaz, C von Doetinchem, P Dong, F Donnini, F Duranti, M D'Urso, D Egorov, A Eline, A Eronen, T Feng, J Fiandrini, E Finch, E Fisher, P Formato, V Galaktionov, Y Gallucci, G Garcia, B Garcia-Lopez, RJ Gargiulo, C Gast, H Gebauer, I Gervasi, M Ghelfi, A Giovacchini, F Goglov, P Gomez-Coral, DM Gong, J Goy, C Grabski, V Grandi, D Graziani, M Guerri, I Guo, KH Habiby, M Haino, S Han, KC He, ZH Heil, M Hoffman, J Hsieh, TH Huang, H Huang, ZC Huh, C Incagli, M Ionica, M Jang, WY Jinchi, H Kang, SC Kanishev, K Kim, GN Kim, KS Kirn, T Konak, C Kounina, O Kounine, A Koutsenko, V Krafczyk, MS La Vacca, G Laudi, E Laurenti, G Lazzizzera, I Lebedev, A Lee, HT Lee, SC Leluc, C Li, HS Li, JQ Li, JQ Li, Q Li, TX Li, W Li, ZH Li, ZY Lim, S Lin, CH Lipari, P Lippert, T Liu, D Liu, H Lu, SQ Lu, YS Luebelsmeyer, K Luo, F Luo, JZ Lv, SS Majka, R Mana, C Marin, J Martin, T Martinez, G Masi, N Maurin, D Menchaca-Rocha, A Meng, Q Mo, DC Morescalchi, L Mott, P Nelson, T Ni, JQ Nikonov, N Nozzoli, F Nunes, P Oliva, A Orcinha, M Palmonari, F Palomares, C Paniccia, M Pauluzzi, M Pensotti, S Pereira, R Picot-Clemente, N Pilo, F Pizzolotto, C Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Poireau, V Putze, A Quadrani, L Qi, XM Qin, X Qu, ZY Raiha, T Rancoita, PG Rapin, D Ricol, JS Rodriguez, I Rosier-Lees, S Rozhkov, A Rozza, D Sagdeev, R Sandweiss, J Saouter, P Schael, S Schmidt, SM von Dratzig, AS Schwering, G Seo, ES Shan, BS Shi, JY Siedenburg, T Son, D Song, JW Sun, WH Tacconi, M Tang, XW Tang, ZC Tao, L Tescaro, D Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tomassetti, N Torsti, J Turkoglu, C Urban, T Vagelli, V Valente, E Vannini, C Valtonen, E Acosta, MV Vecchi, M Velasco, M Vialle, JP Vitale, V Vitillo, S Wang, LQ Wang, NH Wang, QL Wang, X Wang, XQ Wang, ZX Wei, CC Weng, ZL Whitman, K Wienkenhover, J Willenbrock, M Wu, H Wu, X Xia, X Xiong, RQ Xu, W Yan, Q Yang, J Yang, M Yang, Y Yi, H Yu, YJ Yu, ZQ Zeissler, S Zhang, C Zhang, J Zhang, JH Zhang, SD Zhang, SW Zhang, Z Zheng, ZM Zhu, ZQ Zhuang, HL Zhukov, V Zichichi, A Zimmermann, N Zuccon, P AF Aguilar, M. Alpat, B. Alpat, B. Ambrosi, G. Arruda, L. Attig, N. Aupetit, S. Azzarello, P. Bachlechner, A. Barao, F. Barrau, A. Barrin, L. Bartoloni, A. Basara, L. Basegmez-du Pree, S. Battarbee, M. Battiston, R. Bazo, J. Becker, U. Behlmann, M. Beischer, B. Berdugo, J. Bertucci, B. Bindi, V. Boella, G. de Boer, W. Bollweg, K. Bonnivard, V. Borgia, B. Boschini, M. J. Bourquin, M. Bueno, E. F. Burger, J. Cadoux, F. Cai, X. D. Capell, M. Caroff, S. Casaus, J. Castellini, G. Cernuda, I. Cervelli, F. Chae, M. J. Chang, Y. H. Chen, A. I. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Cheng, L. Chou, H. Y. Choumilov, E. Choutko, V. Chung, C. H. Clark, C. Clavero, R. Coignet, G. Consolandi, C. Contin, A. Corti, C. Coste, B. Creus, W. Crispoltoni, M. Cui, Z. Dai, Y. M. Delgado, C. Della Torre, S. Demirkoz, M. B. Derome, L. Di Falco, S. Dimiccoli, F. Diaz, C. von Doetinchem, P. Dong, F. Donnini, F. Duranti, M. D'Urso, D. Egorov, A. Eline, A. Eronen, T. Feng, J. Fiandrini, E. Finch, E. Fisher, P. Formato, V. Galaktionov, Y. Gallucci, G. Garcia, B. Garcia-Lopez, R. J. Gargiulo, C. Gast, H. Gebauer, I. Gervasi, M. Ghelfi, A. Giovacchini, F. Goglov, P. Gomez-Coral, D. M. Gong, J. Goy, C. Grabski, V. Grandi, D. Graziani, M. Guerri, I. Guo, K. H. Habiby, M. Haino, S. Han, K. C. He, Z. H. Heil, M. Hoffman, J. Hsieh, T. H. Huang, H. Huang, Z. C. Huh, C. Incagli, M. Ionica, M. Jang, W. Y. Jinchi, H. Kang, S. C. Kanishev, K. Kim, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kirn, Th. Konak, C. Kounina, O. Kounine, A. Koutsenko, V. Krafczyk, M. S. La Vacca, G. Laudi, E. Laurenti, G. Lazzizzera, I. Lebedev, A. Lee, H. T. Lee, S. C. Leluc, C. Li, H. S. Li, J. Q. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, W. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Lim, S. Lin, C. H. Lipari, P. Lippert, T. Liu, D. Liu, Hu Lu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Luebelsmeyer, K. Luo, F. Luo, J. Z. Lv, S. S. Majka, R. Mana, C. Marin, J. Martin, T. Martinez, G. Masi, N. Maurin, D. Menchaca-Rocha, A. Meng, Q. Mo, D. C. Morescalchi, L. Mott, P. Nelson, T. Ni, J. Q. Nikonov, N. Nozzoli, F. Nunes, P. Oliva, A. Orcinha, M. Palmonari, F. Palomares, C. Paniccia, M. Pauluzzi, M. Pensotti, S. Pereira, R. Picot-Clemente, N. Pilo, F. Pizzolotto, C. Plyaskin, V. Pohl, M. Poireau, V. Putze, A. Quadrani, L. Qi, X. M. Qin, X. Qu, Z. Y. Raiha, T. Rancoita, P. G. Rapin, D. Ricol, J. S. Rodriguez, I. Rosier-Lees, S. Rozhkov, A. Rozza, D. Sagdeev, R. Sandweiss, J. Saouter, P. Schael, S. Schmidt, S. M. von Dratzig, A. Schulz Schwering, G. Seo, E. S. Shan, B. S. Shi, J. Y. Siedenburg, T. Son, D. Song, J. W. Sun, W. H. Tacconi, M. Tang, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tao, L. Tescaro, D. Ting, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Tomassetti, N. Torsti, J. Turkoglu, C. Urban, T. Vagelli, V. Valente, E. Vannini, C. Valtonen, E. Acosta, M. Vazquez Vecchi, M. Velasco, M. Vialle, J. P. Vitale, V. Vitillo, S. Wang, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, X. Wang, X. Q. Wang, Z. X. Wei, C. C. Weng, Z. L. Whitman, K. Wienkenhover, J. Willenbrock, M. Wu, H. Wu, X. Xia, X. Xiong, R. Q. Xu, W. Yan, Q. Yang, J. Yang, M. Yang, Y. Yi, H. Yu, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Zeissler, S. Zhang, C. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, S. D. Zhang, S. W. Zhang, Z. Zheng, Z. M. Zhu, Z. Q. Zhuang, H. L. Zhukov, V. Zichichi, A. Zimmermann, N. Zuccon, P. CA AMS Collaboration TI Antiproton Flux, Antiproton-to-Proton Flux Ratio, and Properties of Elementary Particle Fluxes in Primary Cosmic Rays Measured with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; GEOMAGNETIC REFERENCE FIELD; DARK-MATTER; RICH DETECTOR; ANTI-PROTONS; AMS-02 TRD; GEV-C; POSITRONS; NUCLEI; CARBON AB A precision measurement by AMS of the antiproton flux and the antiproton-to-proton flux ratio in primary cosmic rays in the absolute rigidity range from 1 to 450 GV is presented based on 3.49 x 10(5) antiproton events and 2.42 x 10(9) proton events. The fluxes and flux ratios of charged elementary particles in cosmic rays are also presented. In the absolute rigidity range similar to 60 to similar to 500 GV, the antiproton (p) over bar, proton p, and positron e(+) fluxes are found to have nearly identical rigidity dependence and the electron e(-) flux exhibits a different rigidity dependence. Below 60 GV, the ((p) over bar /p), ((p) over bar /e(+)), and (p/e(+)) flux ratios each reaches a maximum. From similar to 60 to similar to 500 GV, the ((p) over bar /p), ((p) over bar /e(+)), and (p/e(+)) flux ratios show no rigidity dependence. These are new observations of the properties of elementary particles in the cosmos. C1 [Bachlechner, A.; Beischer, B.; Chung, C. H.; Gast, H.; Kirn, Th.; Luebelsmeyer, K.; Nikonov, N.; Raiha, T.; Schael, S.; von Dratzig, A. Schulz; Schwering, G.; Siedenburg, T.; Wienkenhover, J.; Zhukov, V.; Zimmermann, N.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Bachlechner, A.; Beischer, B.; Chung, C. H.; Gast, H.; Kirn, Th.; Luebelsmeyer, K.; Nikonov, N.; Raiha, T.; Schael, S.; von Dratzig, A. Schulz; Schwering, G.; Siedenburg, T.; Wienkenhover, J.; Zhukov, V.; Zimmermann, N.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Demirkoz, M. B.; Konak, C.; Turkoglu, C.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. [Caroff, S.; Coignet, G.; Goy, C.; Poireau, V.; Putze, A.; Rosier-Lees, S.; Tao, L.; Vialle, J. P.] CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules LAPP, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Li, W.; Shan, B. S.; Zheng, Z. M.] Beihang Univ BUAA, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Dai, Y. M.; Wang, Q. L.; Yu, Y. J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn IEE, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Bachlechner, A.; Basegmez-du Pree, S.; Chen, G. M.; Chen, H. S.; Li, Z. H.; Lu, Y. S.; Tang, X. W.; Tang, Z. C.; Wang, X. Q.; Yang, M.; Yu, Z. Q.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, S. W.; Zhuang, H. L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys IHEP, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. 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[Bindi, V.; Consolandi, C.; Corti, C.; von Doetinchem, P.; Hoffman, J.; Nelson, T.; Pereira, R.; Whitman, K.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bollweg, K.; Clark, C.; Martin, T.; Mott, P.; Urban, T.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr JSC, Jacobs Engn & Business Integra, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Attig, N.; Lippert, T.; Schmidt, S. M.] Julich Supercomp Ctr, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Attig, N.; Lippert, T.; Schmidt, S. M.] Res Ctr Julich, JARA FAME, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [de Boer, W.; Gebauer, I.; Zeissler, S.] KIT, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Clavero, R.; Garcia-Lopez, R. J.; Tescaro, D.; Acosta, M. Vazquez] IAC, E-38205 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. [Clavero, R.; Garcia-Lopez, R. J.; Tescaro, D.; Acosta, M. Vazquez] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [Arruda, L.; Barao, F.; Nunes, P.; Orcinha, M.] Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas LIP, P-1000 Lisbon, Portugal. [Han, K. 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[Alpat, B.; Ambrosi, G.; Bazo, J.; Bertucci, B.; Crispoltoni, M.; Donnini, F.; Duranti, M.; D'Urso, D.; Fiandrini, E.; Formato, V.; Graziani, M.; Ionica, M.; Nozzoli, F.; Pauluzzi, M.; Pizzolotto, C.; Qin, X.; Vagelli, V.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Bertucci, B.; Crispoltoni, M.; Donnini, F.; Duranti, M.; Fiandrini, E.; Graziani, M.; Pauluzzi, M.] Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Cervelli, F.; Di Falco, S.; Gallucci, G.; Guerri, I.; Incagli, M.; Morescalchi, L.; Pilo, F.; Vannini, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Guerri, I.] Univ Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Basara, L.; Battiston, R.; Coste, B.; Dimiccoli, F.; Kanishev, K.; Lazzizzera, I.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Battiston, R.; Dimiccoli, F.; Kanishev, K.; Lazzizzera, I.] Univ Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Bartoloni, A.; Borgia, B.; Lipari, P.; Valente, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Borgia, B.; Valente, E.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Bueno, E. F.; Vecchi, M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, CP 369, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Chae, M. J.; Yang, J.] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120750, South Korea. [Cheng, L.; Cui, Z.; Luo, F.; Song, J. W.; Wang, L. Q.; Wang, N. H.] Shandong Univ SDU, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Li, H. S.; Yang, Y.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Lee, H. T.] Acad Sinica Grid Ctr ASGC, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Feng, J.; Haino, S.; Huang, H.; Lee, S. C.; Li, Z. Y.; Lin, C. H.; Liu, D.; Lu, S. Q.; Qu, Z. Y.; Wei, C. C.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Battarbee, M.; Eronen, T.; Torsti, J.; Valtonen, E.] Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Lab, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. ASI, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Bazo, J.] PUCP, Dept Ciencias, Lima 32, Peru. [Bachlechner, A.; D'Urso, D.; Nozzoli, F.; Pizzolotto, C.; Vitale, V.] ASDC, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Feng, J.; Li, Z. Y.; Lu, S. Q.] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Huang, H.; Zhang, J.] Wuhan Univ, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Li, J. Q.; Zhang, S. D.] Harbin Inst Technol HIT, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Liu, Hu] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol HUST, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Morescalchi, L.] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Putze, A.] CNRS, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Theor LAPTh, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Putze, A.] Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Qin, X.; Xia, X.] Shandong Univ SDU, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Qu, Z. Y.] Nankai Univ, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. [Sun, W. H.] Southeast Univ SEU, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wei, C. C.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Theoretial Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Z. Q.] Jilin Univ, Jilin 130012, Peoples R China. RI Vecchi, Manuela/J-9180-2014; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016; Paniccia, Mercedes/A-4519-2017; Delgado, Carlos/K-7587-2014; OI Paniccia, Mercedes/0000-0001-8482-2703; Delgado, Carlos/0000-0002-7014-4101; Corti, Claudio/0000-0001-9127-7133; Morescalchi, Luca/0000-0002-7819-8139; Bertucci, Bruna/0000-0001-7584-293X; La Vacca, Giuseppe/0000-0002-2168-9447; Della Torre, Stefano/0000-0002-7669-0859 FU Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Brazil [2014/19149-7, 2014/50747-8, 2015-50378-5]; CAS, China; NSFC, China; MOST, China; NLAA, China; provincial government of Shandong, China; provincial government of Jiangsu, China; provincial government of Guangdong, China; China Scholarship Council, China; Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation (Tekes), Finland [40361/01, 40518/03]; Academy of Finland, Finland [258963]; CNRS, France; IN2P3, France; CNES, France; Enigmass, France; ANR, France; Pascale Ehrenfreund, Germany; DLR, Germany; JARA-HPC, Germany [JARA0052]; INFN, Italy [2013-002-R.0, 2014-037-R.0]; ASI, Italy [2013-002-R.0, 2014-037-R.0]; CHEP Grants at Kyungpook National University, Korea [NRF-2009-0080142, NRF-2012-010226]; CHEP Grants at Ewha Womans University, Korea [NRF-2013-004883]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico; UNAM, Mexico; FCT, Portugal [PTDC/FIS/122567/2010]; CIEMAT, Spain; IAC, Spain; CDTI, Spain; SEIDI-MINECO, Spain [AYA2012-39526-C02-(01/02), ESP2015-71662-C2-(1-P/2-P), SEV-2011-0187, SEV-2015-0548, MDM-2015-0509]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), federal and cantonal authorities, Switzerland; Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan [103-2112-M-006-018-MY3, 104-2112-M-001-027, CDA-105-M06]; Turkish Atomic Energy Authority at METU, Turkey; NSF Grant, USA [1455202]; Wyle Laboratories Grant, USA [2014/T72497]; NASA NESSF Grant, USA [HELIO15F-0005] FX We thank former NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin for his dedication to the legacy of the ISS as a scientific laboratory and his decision for NASA to fly AMS as a DOE payload. We also acknowledge the continuous support of the NASA leadership including Charles Bolden and William H. Gerstenmaier and of the JSC and MSFC flight control teams which has allowed AMS to operate optimally on the ISS for five years. We are grateful for the support of Jim Siegrist and his staff of the DOE. We also acknowledge the continuous support from MIT and its School of Science, Michael Sipser, Marc Kastner, Ernest Moniz, Richard Milner, and Boleslaw Wyslouch. Research supported by Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants No. 2014/19149-7, No. 2014/50747-8, and No. 2015-50378-5, Brazil; CAS, NSFC, MOST, NLAA, the provincial governments of Shandong, Jiangsu, Guangdong, and the China Scholarship Council, China; the Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation (Tekes) Grants No. 40361/01 and No. 40518/03 and the Academy of Finland Grant No. 258963, Finland; CNRS, IN2P3, CNES, Enigmass, and the ANR, France; Pascale Ehrenfreund, DLR, and JARA-HPC under Project No. JARA0052, Germany; INFN and ASI under ASI-INFN Agreements No. 2013-002-R.0 and No. 2014-037-R.0, Italy; CHEP Grants No. NRF-2009-0080142 and No. NRF-2012-010226 at Kyungpook National University and No. NRF-2013-004883 at Ewha Womans University, Korea; the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia and UNAM, Mexico; FCT under Grant No. PTDC/FIS/122567/2010, Portugal; CIEMAT, IAC, CDTI, and SEIDI-MINECO under Grants No. AYA2012-39526-C02-(01/02), No. ESP2015-71662-C2-(1-P/2-P), No. SEV-2011-0187, No. SEV-2015-0548, and No. MDM-2015-0509, Spain; the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), federal and cantonal authorities, Switzerland; Academia Sinica and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) under Grants No. 103-2112-M-006-018-MY3, No. 104-2112-M-001-027, and No. CDA-105-M06, former President of Academia Sinica Yuan-Tseh Lee, and former Ministers of MOST Maw-Kuen Wu and Luo-Chuan Lee, Taiwan; the Turkish Atomic Energy Authority at METU, Turkey; and NSF Grant No. 1455202, Wyle Laboratories Grant No. 2014/T72497, and NASA NESSF Grant No. HELIO15F-0005, USA. We gratefully acknowledge the strong support from CERN including Rolf-Dieter Heuer and Fabiola Gianotti, from the CERN IT department and Bernd Panzer-Steindel, and from the European Space Agency including Johann-Dietrich Worner and Simonetta Di Pippo. We are grateful for important discussions with Fiorenza Donato, Jonathan Ellis, Jonathan Feng, Igor Moskalenko, Michael Salamon, Subir Sarkar, Joachim Trumper, Michael S. Turner, Steven Weinberg, and Arnold Wolfendale. NR 85 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 27 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 26 PY 2016 VL 117 IS 9 AR 091103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.091103 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DU1ZE UT WOS:000382008900001 PM 27610839 ER PT J AU Leblanc, T Sica, RJ van Gijsel, JAE Godin-Beekmann, S Haefele, A Trickl, T Payen, G Gabarrot, F AF Leblanc, Thierry Sica, Robert J. van Gijsel, Joanna A. E. Godin-Beekmann, Sophie Haefele, Alexander Trickl, Thomas Payen, Guillaume Gabarrot, Frank TI Proposed standardized definitions for vertical resolution and uncertainty in the NDACC lidar ozone and temperature algorithms - Part 1: Vertical resolution SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RAMAN LIDAR; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; RAYLEIGH; DIFFERENTIATION; RETRIEVAL; PROFILES; DENSITY AB A standardized approach for the definition and reporting of vertical resolution of the ozone and temperature lidar profiles contributing to the Network for the Detection for Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) database is proposed. Two standardized definitions homogeneously and unequivocally describing the impact of vertical filtering are recommended. The first proposed definition is based on the width of the response to a finite-impulse-type perturbation. The response is computed by convolving the filter coefficients with an impulse function, namely, a Kronecker delta function for smoothing filters, and a Heaviside step function for derivative filters. Once the response has been computed, the proposed standardized definition of vertical resolution is given by Delta z = delta z x H-FWHM, where delta z is the lidar's sampling resolution and H-FWHM is the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the response, measured in sampling intervals. The second proposed definition relates to digital filtering theory. After applying a Laplace transform to a set of filter coefficients, the filter's gain characterizing the effect of the filter on the signal in the frequency domain is computed, from which the cut-off frequency f(C), defined as the frequency at which the gain equals 0.5, is computed. Vertical resolution is then defined by Delta z = delta z/(2f(C)). Unlike common practice in the field of spectral analysis, a factor 2 f(C) instead of f(C) is used here to yield vertical resolution values nearly equal to the values obtained with the impulse response definition using the same filter coefficients. When using either of the proposed definitions, unsmoothed signals yield the best possible vertical resolution Delta z = delta z (one sampling bin). Numerical tools were developed to support the implementation of these definitions across all NDACC lidar groups. The tools consist of ready-to-use "plug-in" routines written in several programming languages that can be inserted into any lidar data processing software and called each time a filtering operation occurs in the data processing chain. When data processing implies multiple smoothing operations, the filtering information is analytically propagated through the multiple calls to the routines in order for the standardized values of vertical resolution to remain theoretically and numerically exact at the very end of data processing. C1 [Leblanc, Thierry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. [Sica, Robert J.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON, Canada. [van Gijsel, Joanna A. E.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Godin-Beekmann, Sophie] CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Haefele, Alexander] Meteoswiss, Payerne, Switzerland. [Trickl, Thomas] IMK IFU, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Payen, Guillaume; Gabarrot, Frank] Univ Le Reunion, Observ Sci, CNRS, St Denis De La Reunion, Reunion. [Payen, Guillaume; Gabarrot, Frank] Univ Reunion, UMS3365, St Denis De La Reunion, Reunion. RP Leblanc, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. EM thierry.leblanc@jpl.nasa.gov RI Trickl, Thomas/F-7331-2010 FU VALID project; Canadian National Sciences and Engineering Research Council FX This work was initiated in response to the 2010 call for international teams of experts in earth and space science by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, Switzerland. It could not have been performed without the travel and logistical support of ISSI. Part of the work described in this report was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under agreements with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Part of this work was carried out in support of the VALID project. Robert J. Sica would like to acknowledge the support of the Canadian National Sciences and Engineering Research Council for support of the University of Western Ontario lidar work. The team would also like to acknowledge J. Bandoro for his help in the design of the MATLAB filtering tools. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD AUG 25 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 8 BP 4029 EP 4049 DI 10.5194/amt-9-4029-2016 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW6YY UT WOS:000383798500001 ER PT J AU Leblanc, T Sica, RJ van Gijsel, JAE Godin-Beekmann, S Haefele, A Trickl, T Payen, G Liberti, G AF Leblanc, Thierry Sica, Robert J. van Gijsel, Joanna A. E. Godin-Beekmann, Sophie Haefele, Alexander Trickl, Thomas Payen, Guillaume Liberti, Gianluigi TI Proposed standardized definitions for vertical resolution and uncertainty in the NDACC lidar ozone and temperature algorithms - Part 2: Ozone DIAL uncertainty budget SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; O-2 HERZBERG BANDS; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; UV SPECTROSCOPY; NM REGION; NO2; TROPOSPHERE; SPECTRA AB A standardized approach for the definition, propagation, and reporting of uncertainty in the ozone differential absorption lidar data products contributing to the Network for the Detection for Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) database is proposed. One essential aspect of the proposed approach is the propagation in parallel of all independent uncertainty components through the data processing chain before they are combined together to form the ozone combined standard uncertainty. The independent uncertainty components contributing to the overall budget include random noise associated with signal detection, uncertainty due to saturation correction, background noise extraction, the absorption cross sections of O-3, NO2, SO2, and O-2, the molecular extinction cross sections, and the number densities of the air, NO2, and SO2. The expression of the individual uncertainty components and their step-by-step propagation through the ozone differential absorption lidar (DIAL) processing chain are thoroughly estimated. All sources of uncertainty except detection noise imply correlated terms in the vertical dimension, which requires knowledge of the covariance matrix when the lidar signal is vertically filtered. In addition, the covariance terms must be taken into account if the same detection hardware is shared by the lidar receiver channels at the absorbed and non-absorbed wavelengths. The ozone uncertainty budget is presented as much as possible in a generic form (i.e., as a function of instrument performance and wavelength) so that all NDACC ozone DIAL investigators across the network can estimate, for their own instrument and in a straightforward manner, the expected impact of each reviewed uncertainty component. In addition, two actual examples of full uncertainty budget are provided, using nighttime measurements from the tropospheric ozone DIAL located at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Table Mountain Facility, California, and nighttime measurements from the JPL stratospheric ozone DIAL located at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawai'i. C1 [Leblanc, Thierry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. [Sica, Robert J.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON, Canada. [van Gijsel, Joanna A. E.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Godin-Beekmann, Sophie] CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Haefele, Alexander] Meteoswiss, Payerne, Switzerland. [Trickl, Thomas] IMK IFU, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Payen, Guillaume] Univ La Reunion, Observ Sci, CNRS, St Denis De La Reunion, France. [Payen, Guillaume] Univ Reunion, UMS3365, St Denis De La Reunion, France. [Liberti, Gianluigi] ISAC CNR, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Leblanc, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. EM thierry.leblanc@jpl.nasa.gov RI Trickl, Thomas/F-7331-2010 FU European Space Agency VALID project; Canadian National Sciences and Engineering Research Council FX This work was initiated in response to the 2010 call for international teams of experts in Earth and Space Science by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, Switzerland. It could not have been performed without the travel and logistical support of ISSI. Part of the work described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under agreements with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Part of this work was carried out in support of the European Space Agency VALID project. Robert J. Sica would like to acknowledge the support of the Canadian National Sciences and Engineering Research Council for support of the University of Western Ontario lidar work. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD AUG 25 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 8 BP 4051 EP 4078 DI 10.5194/amt-9-4051-2016 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW6YY UT WOS:000383798500002 ER PT J AU Leblanc, T Sica, RJ van Gijsel, JAE Haefele, A Payen, G Liberti, G AF Leblanc, Thierry Sica, Robert J. van Gijsel, Joanna A. E. Haefele, Alexander Payen, Guillaume Liberti, Gianluigi TI Proposed standardized definitions for vertical resolution and uncertainty in the NDACC lidar ozone and temperature algorithms - Part 3: Temperature uncertainty budget SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; RAYLEIGH-SCATTER; RAMAN LIDAR; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; NO2 ABSORPTION; NM REGION; SPECTRA; MODEL; VALIDATION; RANGE AB A standardized approach for the definition, propagation, and reporting of uncertainty in the temperature lidar data products contributing to the Network for the Detection for Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) database is proposed. One important aspect of the proposed approach is the ability to propagate all independent uncertainty components in parallel through the data processing chain. The individual uncertainty components are then combined together at the very last stage of processing to form the temperature combined standard uncertainty. The identified uncertainty sources comprise major components such as signal detection, saturation correction, background noise extraction, temperature tie-on at the top of the profile, and absorption by ozone if working in the visible spectrum, as well as other components such as molecular extinction, the acceleration of gravity, and the molecular mass of air, whose magnitudes depend on the instrument, data processing algorithm, and altitude range of interest. The expression of the individual uncertainty components and their step-by-step propagation through the temperature data processing chain are thoroughly estimated, taking into account the effect of vertical filtering and the merging of multiple channels. All sources of uncertainty except detection noise imply correlated terms in the vertical dimension, which means that covariance terms must be taken into account when vertical filtering is applied and when temperature is integrated from the top of the profile. Quantitatively, the uncertainty budget is presented in a generic form (i.e., as a function of instrument performance and wavelength), so that any NDACC temperature lidar investigator can easily estimate the expected impact of individual uncertainty components in the case of their own instrument. Using this standardized approach, an example of uncertainty budget is provided for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) lidar at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawai'i, which is typical of the NDACC temperature lidars transmitting at 355 nm. The combined temperature uncertainty ranges between 0.1 and 1 K below 60 km, with detection noise, saturation correction, and molecular extinction correction being the three dominant sources of uncertainty. Above 60 km and up to 10 km below the top of the profile, the total uncertainty increases exponentially from 1 to 10 K due to the combined effect of random noise and temperature tie-on. In the top 10 km of the profile, the accuracy of the profile mainly depends on that of the tie-on temperature. All other uncertainty components remain below 0.1K throughout the entire profile (1590 km), except the background noise correction uncertainty, which peaks around 0.3-0.5 K. It should be kept in mind that these quantitative estimates may be very different for other lidar instruments, depending on their altitude range and the wavelengths used. C1 [Leblanc, Thierry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. [Sica, Robert J.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON, Canada. [van Gijsel, Joanna A. E.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Haefele, Alexander] Meteoswiss, Payerne, Switzerland. [Payen, Guillaume] Univ La Reunion, CNRS, Observ Sci, St Denis De La Reunion, France. [Payen, Guillaume] Univ Reunion, UMS3365, St Denis De La Reunion, France. [Liberti, Gianluigi] ISAC CNR, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Leblanc, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. EM thierry.leblanc@jpl.nasa.gov FU VALID project; Canadian National Sciences and Engineering Research Council FX This work was initiated in response to the 2010 call for international teams of experts in Earth and Space Science by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, Switzerland. It could not have been performed without the travel and logistical support of ISSI. Part of the work described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under agreements with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Part of this work was carried out in support of the VALID project. Robert J. Sica would like to acknowledge the support of the Canadian National Sciences and Engineering Research Council for support of the University of Western Ontario lidar work. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD AUG 25 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 8 BP 4079 EP 4101 DI 10.5194/amt-9-4079-2016 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW6YY UT WOS:000383798500003 ER PT J AU Mills, JD Ben-Nun, M Rollin, K Bromley, MWJ Li, JB Hinde, RJ Winstead, CL Sheehy, JA Boatz, JA Langhoff, PW AF Mills, Jeffrey D. Ben-Nun, Michal Rollin, Kyle Bromley, Michael W. J. Li, Jiabo Hinde, Robert J. Winstead, Carl L. Sheehy, Jeffrey A. Boatz, Jerry A. Langhoff, Peter W. TI Atomic Spectral Methods for Ab Initio Molecular Electronic Energy Surfaces: Transitioning From Small-Molecule to Biomolecular-Suitable Approaches SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DIATOMICS-IN-MOLECULES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; NON-HERMITIAN FORMULATION; SLATER-TYPE ORBITALS; VALENCE-BOND; GENERAL-THEORY; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; HYDROGEN MOLECULE; EXCITED-STATES AB Continuing attention has addressed incorportation of the electronically dynamical attributes of biomolecules in the largely static first-generation molecular-mechanical force fields commonly employed in molecular-dynamics simulations. We describe here a universal quantum mechanical approach to calculations of the electronic energy surfaces of both small molecules and large aggregates on a common basis which can include such electronic attributes, and which also seems well-suited to adaptation in ab initio molecular-dynamics applications. In contrast to the more familiar orbital-product-based methodologies employed in traditional small-molecule computational quantum chemistry, the present approach is based on an "ex-post-facto" method in which Hamiltonian matrices are evaluated prior to wave function antisymmetrization, implemented here in the support of a Hilbert space of orthonormal products of many-electron atomic spectral eigenstates familiar from the van der Waals theory of long-range interactions. The general theory in its various forms incorporates the early semiempirical atoms- and diatomics-in-molecules approaches of Moffitt, Ellison, Tully, Kuntz, and others in a comprehensive mathematical setting, and generalizes the developments of Eisenschitz, London, Claverie, and others addressing electron permutation symmetry adaptation issues, completing these early attempts to treat van der Waals and chemical forces on a common basis. Exact expressions are obtained for molecular Hamiltonian matrices and for associated energy eigenvalues as sums of separate atomic and interaction-energy terms, similar in this respect to the forms of classical force fields. The latter representation is seen to also provide a long-missing general definition of the energies of individual atoms and of their interactions within molecules and matter free from subjective additional constraints. A computer code suite is described for calculations of the many-electron atomic eigenspectra and the pairwise-atomic Hamiltonian matrices required for practical applications. These matrices can be retained as functions of scalar atomic-pair separations and employed in assembling aggregate Hamiltonian matrices, with Wigner rotation matrices providing analytical representations of their angular degrees of freedom. In this way, ab initio potential energy surfaces are obtained in the complete absence of repeated evaluations and transformations of the one- and two-electron integrals at different molecular geometries required in most ab inito molecular calculations, with large Hamiltonian matrix assembly simplified and explicit diagonalizations avoided employing partitioning and Brillouin-Wigner or Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation theory. Illustrative applications of the important components of the formalism, selected aspects of the scaling of the approach, and aspects of "on-the-fly" interfaces with Monte Carlo and molecular-dynamics methods are described in anticipation of subsequent applications to biomolecules and other large aggregates. C1 [Mills, Jeffrey D.; Boatz, Jerry A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, 10 East Saturn Blvd, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. [Ben-Nun, Michal] Predict Sci Inc, 9990 Mesa Rim Rd 170, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Rollin, Kyle] Northrup Grumman Corp, 1 Rancho Carmel Dr, San Diego, CA 92128 USA. [Bromley, Michael W. J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Li, Jiabo] Accelrys Inc, 10188 Telesis Court 100, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Hinde, Robert J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Winstead, Carl L.] CALTECH, AA Noyes Lab Chem Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sheehy, Jeffrey A.] NASA Headquarters, 300 E St SW,Suite 5R30, Washington, DC USA. [Langhoff, Peter W.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, 9500 Gilman Dr,MS 0365, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Langhoff, PW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, 9500 Gilman Dr,MS 0365, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM planghoff@mail.ucsd.edu RI Bromley, Michael/A-9453-2010 OI Bromley, Michael/0000-0002-3817-7296 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA9300-09-C-2001, FA9300-07-M-301]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F07-206-0375]; European Office of Aerospace Research and Development [FA8655-09-1-3069]; American Society of Engineering Education; National Research Council of the National Academy of Science; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry FX The financial support of the Air Force Research Laboratory (FA9300-09-C-2001, FA9300-07-M-301), the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (F07-206-0375), the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (FA8655-09-1-3069), the American Society of Engineering Education, and the National Research Council of the National Academy of Science is gratefully acknowledged. Access to computational facilities was provided by the National Science Foundation under the auspices of TeraGrid and XSEDE allocations. We acknowledge the valuable assistance and advice provided by Professors R. Lopez and J. F. Rico and their co-workers at various stages of the investigation, and thank Mr. W. Kalliomaa and Dr. Steve Rodgers of AFRL for continuing encouragement and support. It is a pleasure to thank Professor J. A. McCammon and other colleagues at the University of California San Diego for their hospitality and support in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. NR 164 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 25 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 33 BP 8321 EP 8337 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b02021 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DU4JZ UT WOS:000382180200026 PM 27232159 ER PT J AU de Miranda, BC Garcia, GA Gaie-Levrel, F Mahjoub, A Gautier, T Fleury, B Nahon, L Pernot, P Carrasco, N AF de Miranda, Barbara Cunha Garcia, Gustavo A. Gaie-Levrel, Francois Mahjoub, Ahmed Gautier, Thomas Fleury, Benjamin Nahon, Laurent Pernot, Pascal Carrasco, Nathalie TI Molecular Isomer Identification of Titan's Tholins Organic Aerosols by Photoelectron/Photoion Coincidence Spectroscopy Coupled to VUV Synchrotron Radiation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTO-ELECTRON SPECTRA; SUM-RULE CONSIDERATION; GAS-PHASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; PENNING IONIZATION; HEI PHOTOELECTRON; IONIC STATES AB The chemical composition of Titan organic haze is poorly known. To address this issue, laboratory analogues named tholins are synthesized and analyzed by methods often requiring an extraction process in a carrier solvent. These methods exclude the analysis of the insoluble tholins' fraction and assume a hypothetical chemical equivalence between soluble and insoluble fractions. In this work, we present a powerful complementary analysis method recently developed on the DESIRS VUV synchrotron beamline at SOLEIL. It involves soft pyrolysis of tholins at similar to 230 degrees C and electron/ion coincidence analysis of the emitted volatile compounds photoionized by tunable synchrotron radiation. By comparison with reference photoelectron spectra (PES), the spectral information collected on the detected molecules yields their isomeric structure. The method is more readily applied to light species (m/z <= 69), while for heavier ones, the number of possibilities and the lack of PES reference spectra in the literature limit its analysis. A notable pattern in the analyzed tholins is the presence of species containing adjacent doubly bonded N atoms, which might be a signature of heterogeneous incorporation of N-2 in tholins. C1 [de Miranda, Barbara Cunha; Garcia, Gustavo A.; Gaie-Levrel, Francois; Nahon, Laurent] Synchrotron SOLEIL, DESIRS Beamline, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Gaie-Levrel, Francois] Natl Metrol Inst, Gas & Aerosol Metrol Dept, Chem & Biol Div, Lab Natl Metrol & Essais LNE, 1 Rue Gaston Boissier, F-75724 Paris 15, France. [Gaie-Levrel, Francois] Testing Lab, 1 Rue Gaston Boissier, F-75724 Paris 15, France. [Mahjoub, Ahmed; Gautier, Thomas; Fleury, Benjamin; Carrasco, Nathalie] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Versailles St Quentin, CNRS INSU,LATMOS IPSL, 11 Blvd Alembert, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. [Gautier, Thomas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Postdoctoral Program, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pernot, Pascal] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR8000, Chim Phys Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Carrasco, Nathalie] Inst Univ France, 103 Blvd St Michel, F-75005 Paris, France. [de Miranda, Barbara Cunha] Univ Paris 06, Lab Chim Phys Mat & Rayonnement, 11 Rue Pierre & Marie Curie, F-75231 Paris 05, France. RP Carrasco, N (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Versailles St Quentin, CNRS INSU,LATMOS IPSL, 11 Blvd Alembert, F-78280 Guyancourt, France.; Carrasco, N (reprint author), Inst Univ France, 103 Blvd St Michel, F-75005 Paris, France. EM nathalie.carrasco@latmos.ipsl.fr RI Carrasco, Nathalie/D-2365-2012 OI Carrasco, Nathalie/0000-0002-0596-6336 FU Region Ile-de-France (DIM-ACAV program); European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant PRIMCHEM) [636829]; [20110728]; [20120953] FX We would like to thank the general technical staff of SOLEIL for running the facility under project no 20110728 and 20120953. The authors wish to thank Isabelle Schmitz-Afonso and David Touboul from the Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN) for the OHR-MS measurements. B.F.'s Ph.D. grant is supported by Region Ile-de-France (DIM-ACAV program). N.C. acknowledges the European Research Council for their financial support (ERC Starting Grant PRIMCHEM, grant agreement no636829). NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 25 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 33 BP 6529 EP 6540 DI 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b03346 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DU4JQ UT WOS:000382179300004 ER PT J AU van den Hurk, B Kim, HJ Krinner, G Seneviratne, SI Derksen, C Oki, T Douville, H Colin, J Ducharne, A Cheruy, F Viovy, N Puma, MJ Wada, Y Li, WP Jia, BH Alessandri, A Lawrence, DM Weedon, GP Ellis, R Hagemann, S Mao, JF Flanner, MG Zampieri, M Materia, S Law, RM Sheffield, J AF van den Hurk, Bart Kim, Hyungjun Krinner, Gerhard Seneviratne, Sonia I. Derksen, Chris Oki, Taikan Douville, Herve Colin, Jeanne Ducharne, Agnes Cheruy, Frederique Viovy, Nicholas Puma, Michael J. Wada, Yoshihide Li, Weiping Jia, Binghao Alessandri, Andrea Lawrence, Dave M. Weedon, Graham P. Ellis, Richard Hagemann, Stefan Mao, Jiafu Flanner, Mark G. Zampieri, Matteo Materia, Stefano Law, Rachel M. Sheffield, Justin TI LS3MIP (v1.0) contribution to CMIP6: the Land Surface, Snow and Soil moisture Model Intercomparison Project - aims, setup and expected outcome SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ALBEDO FEEDBACK; BIASES; WATER; PREDICTABILITY; CRYOSPHERE; TRENDS AB The Land Surface, Snow and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison Project (LS3MIP) is designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of land surface, snow and soil moisture feedbacks on climate variability and climate change, and to diagnose systematic biases in the land modules of current Earth system models (ESMs). The solid and liquid water stored at the land surface has a large influence on the regional climate, its variability and predictability, including effects on the energy, water and carbon cycles. Notably, snow and soil moisture affect surface radiation and flux partitioning properties, moisture storage and land surface memory. They both strongly affect atmospheric conditions, in particular surface air temperature and precipitation, but also large-scale circulation patterns. However, models show divergent responses and representations of these feedbacks as well as systematic biases in the underlying processes. LS3MIP will provide the means to quantify the associated uncertainties and better constrain climate change projections, which is of particular interest for highly vulnerable regions (densely populated areas, agricultural regions, the Arctic, semi-arid and other sensitive terrestrial ecosystems). The experiments are subdivided in two components, the first addressing systematic land biases in offline mode ("LMIP", building upon the 3rd phase of Global Soil Wetness Project; GSWP3) and the second addressing land feedbacks attributed to soil moisture and snow in an integrated framework ("LFMIP", building upon the GLACE-CMIP blueprint). C1 [van den Hurk, Bart] KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Kim, Hyungjun; Oki, Taikan] Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Krinner, Gerhard] CNRS, LGGE, Grenoble, France. [Seneviratne, Sonia I.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Derksen, Chris] Environm & Climate Change, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Douville, Herve; Colin, Jeanne] Meteo France, CNRM, Toulouse, France. [Cheruy, Frederique] Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, Ecole Normale Super, LMD IPSL,CNRS, Paris, France. [Viovy, Nicholas] LSCE IPSL CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Puma, Michael J.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Puma, Michael J.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Wada, Yoshihide] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Laxenburg, Austria. [Li, Weiping] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Lab Climate Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Jia, Binghao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Alessandri, Andrea] Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol Energia & Sviluppo Econ, Rome, Italy. [Lawrence, Dave M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Weedon, Graham P.] Met Off JCHMR, Maclean Bldg, Wallingford, Oxon, England. [Ellis, Richard] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Maclean Bldg, Wallingford, Oxon, England. [Hagemann, Stefan] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Mao, Jiafu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mao, Jiafu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Flanner, Mark G.] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zampieri, Matteo; Materia, Stefano] Euromediterranean Ctr Climate Change CMCC, Climate Simulat & Predict Div, Bologna, Italy. [Law, Rachel M.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Sheffield, Justin] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sheffield, Justin] Univ Southampton, Geog & Environm, Southampton, Hants, England. [Ducharne, Agnes] UPMC CNRS EPHE, Sorbonne Univ, UMR METIS 7619, Paris, France. RP van den Hurk, B (reprint author), KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. EM hurkvd@knmi.nl RI Oki, Taikan/E-5778-2010; Krinner, Gerhard/A-6450-2011; Weedon, Graham/B-7574-2008; Flanner, Mark/C-6139-2011; Mao, Jiafu/B-9689-2012; Law, Rachel/A-1969-2012 OI Oki, Taikan/0000-0003-4067-4678; Krinner, Gerhard/0000-0002-2959-5920; Weedon, Graham/0000-0003-1262-9984; Flanner, Mark/0000-0003-4012-174X; Mao, Jiafu/0000-0002-2050-7373; Law, Rachel/0000-0002-7346-0927 FU Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Climate Centre Programme [GA01101]; Biogeochemistry-Climate Feedbacks Scientific Focus Area project funded through the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program in Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) of the (BER) Program in the; DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI [16H06291] FX The authors thank the CMIP panel of the WCRP Working Group on Climate Modelling for their efforts in coordinating the CMIP6 enterprise. Graham R Weedon was supported by the Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Climate Centre Programme (GA01101). Jiafu Mao is supported by the Biogeochemistry-Climate Feedbacks Scientific Focus Area project funded through the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program in Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) of the Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Program in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-BATTELLE for DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. H. Kim and T. Oki were supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (16H06291). Hanna Lee (NorESM) has expressed intention to participate in LS3MIP when feasible, but has not contributed to this manuscript. NR 107 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PD AUG 24 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 8 BP 2809 EP 2832 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-2809-2016 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DW6ZQ UT WOS:000383800400002 ER PT J AU Everroad, RC Stuart, RK Bebout, BM Detweiler, AM Lee, JZ Woebken, D Prufert-Bebout, L Pett-Ridge, J AF Everroad, R. Craig Stuart, Rhona K. Bebout, Brad M. Detweiler, Angela M. Lee, Jackson Z. Woebken, Dagmar Prufert-Bebout, Leslie Pett-Ridge, Jennifer TI Permanent draft genome of strain ESFC-1: ecological genomics of a newly discovered lineage of filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacteria SO STANDARDS IN GENOMIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Cyanobacteria; Nitrogen fixation; Hydrogenase; Intertidal microbial mat ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC MICROBIAL MATS; OXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS; HYDROGEN METABOLISM; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; DIVERSITY; IDENTIFICATION; PHYLOGENIES; ALGORITHMS; ORGANISMS; FIXATION AB The nonheterocystous filamentous cyanobacterium, strain ESFC-1, is a recently described member of the order Oscillatoriales within the Cyanobacteria. ESFC-1 has been shown to be a major diazotroph in the intertidal microbial mat system at Elkhorn Slough, CA, USA. Based on phylogenetic analyses of the 16S RNA gene, ESFC-1 appears to belong to a unique, genus-level divergence; the draft genome sequence of this strain has now been determined. Here we report features of this genome as they relate to the ecological functions and capabilities of strain ESFC-1. The 5,632,035 bp genome sequence encodes 4914 protein-coding genes and 92 RNA genes. One striking feature of this cyanobacterium is the apparent lack of either uptake or bi-directional hydrogenases typically expected within a diazotroph. Additionally, a large genomic island is found that contains numerous low GC-content genes and genes related to extracellular polysaccharide production and cell wall synthesis and maintenance. C1 [Everroad, R. Craig; Bebout, Brad M.; Detweiler, Angela M.; Lee, Jackson Z.; Woebken, Dagmar; Prufert-Bebout, Leslie] NASA, Exobiol Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Everroad, R. Craig; Detweiler, Angela M.; Lee, Jackson Z.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Stuart, Rhona K.; Pett-Ridge, Jennifer] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. [Woebken, Dagmar] Univ Vienna, Res Network Chem Meets Microbiol, Div Microbial Ecol, Dept Microbiol & Ecosyst Sci, Vienna, Austria. RP Everroad, RC (reprint author), NASA, Exobiol Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; Everroad, RC (reprint author), Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM craig.everroad@nasa.gov OI Woebken, Dagmar/0000-0002-1314-9926; Stuart, Rhona/0000-0001-5916-9693 FU US. DOE Genomic Science Program [SCW1039]; Community Sequencing Project 'Microbial Interactions in Extremophilic Mat Communities' at the DOE JGI [701]; Office of Science of the U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US DOE at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Funding was provided by the US. DOE Genomic Science Program under contract SCW1039. Sequencing and support was provided by Community Sequencing Project #701 'Microbial Interactions in Extremophilic Mat Communities' at the DOE JGI. Work conducted by the U.S. DOE-JGI was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. DOE Under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Work at LLNL was performed under the auspices of the US DOE at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. We thank Jeff Cann, Associate Wildlife Biologist, Central Region, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, for coordinating our access to the Moss Landing Wildlife Area. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1944-3277 J9 STAND GENOMIC SCI JI Stand. Genomic Sci. PD AUG 24 PY 2016 VL 11 AR 53 DI 10.1186/s40793-016-0174-6 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA DW8PU UT WOS:000383918800002 PM 27559430 ER PT J AU Chen, DL Tian, YD Yao, TD Ou, TH AF Chen, Deliang Tian, Yudong Yao, Tandong Ou, Tinghai TI Satellite measurements reveal strong anisotropy in spatial coherence of climate variations over the Tibet Plateau SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID AIR-TEMPERATURE; ICE CORE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SOIL-MOISTURE; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; HIMALAYA; RESOLUTION; SCALES; GAUGE AB This study uses high-resolution, long-term satellite observations to evaluate the spatial scales of the climate variations across the Tibet Plateau (TP). Both land surface temperature and precipitation observations of more than 10 years were analysed with a special attention to eight existing ice-core sites in the TP. The temporal correlation for the monthly or annual anomalies between any two points decreases exponentially with their spatial distance, and we used the e-folding decay constant to quantify the spatial scales. We found that the spatial scales are strongly direction-dependent, with distinctive patterns in the west-east and south-north orientations, for example. Meanwhile, in the same directions the scales are largely symmetric backward and forward. Focusing on the west-east and south-north directions, we found the spatial coherence in the first is generally stronger than in the second. The annual surface temperature had typical spatial scales of 302-480 km, while the annual precipitation showed smaller scales of 111-182 km. The majority of the eight ice-core sites exhibit scales much smaller than the typical scales over the TP as a whole. These results provide important observational basis for the selection of appropriate downscaling strategies, deployment of climate-data collection networks, and interpreting paleoclimate reconstructions. C1 [Chen, Deliang; Ou, Tinghai] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Reg Climate Grp, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Tian, Yudong] Univ Maryland, NASA, GSFC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tian, Yudong] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yao, Tandong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Chen, DL (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Reg Climate Grp, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.; Yao, TD (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM deliang@gvc.gu.se; tdyao@itpcas.ac.cn RI Chen, Deliang/A-5107-2013 OI Chen, Deliang/0000-0003-0288-5618 FU Swedish Research Council grant [621-2014-5320]; Swedish national strategic research program BECC; Swedish national strategic research program MERGE; Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB03000000] FX The reanalysis data used in this study are from the Research Data Archive (RDA) that is maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). D. Chen is supported by a Swedish Research Council grant (621-2014-5320) and the Swedish national strategic research programs BECC and MERGE. T. Yao was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB03000000). Y. Tian acknowledges the hospitality of University Gothenburg, and appreciates the assistance of Peng Zhang during his summer visit. The authors wish to acknowledge the two anonymous reviewers for their detailed and helpful comments which significantly improved the clarity of the paper. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD AUG 24 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 30304 DI 10.1038/srep30304 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DT9UV UT WOS:000381848700001 PM 27553388 ER PT J AU Ortega, I Coburn, S Berg, LK Lantz, K Michalsky, J Ferrare, RA Hair, J Hostetler, CA Volkamer, R AF Ortega, Ivan Coburn, Sean Berg, Larry K. Lantz, Kathy Michalsky, Joseph Ferrare, Richard A. Hair, JohnathanW. Hostetler, Chris A. Volkamer, Rainer TI The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument - Part 2: Raman scattering probability measurements and retrieval of aerosol optical properties SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SKY BRIGHTNESS MEASUREMENTS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODELS; SPECTROSCOPY MAX-DOAS; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; SOLAR TRACKER; IN-SITU; AERONET; DEPTH; DISTRIBUTIONS AB The multiannual global mean of aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (AOD(550))over land is similar to 0.19, and that over oceans is similar to 0.13. About 45% of the Earth surface shows AOD550 smaller than 0.1. There is a need for measurement techniques that are optimized to measure aerosol optical properties under low AOD conditions. We present an inherently calibrated retrieval (i.e., no need for radiance calibration) to simultaneously measure AOD and the aerosol phase function parameter, g, based on measurements of azimuth distributions of the Raman scattering probability (RSP), the near-absolute rotational Raman scattering (RRS) intensity. We employ radiative transfer model simulations to show that for solar azimuth RSP measurements at solar elevation and solar zenith angle (SZA) smaller than 80 degrees, RSP is insensitive to the vertical distribution of aerosols and maximally sensitive to changes in AOD and g under near-molecular scattering conditions. The University of Colorado two-dimensional Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS) instrument was deployed as part of the Two Column Aerosol Project (TCAP) at Cape Cod, MA, during the summer of 2012 to measure direct sun spectra and RSP from scattered light spectra at solar relative azimuth angles (SRAAs) between 5 and 170 degrees. During two case study days with (1) high aerosol load (17 July, 0.3 < AOD(430) < 0.6) and (2) near-molecular scattering conditions (22 July, AOD(430) < 0.13) we compare RSP-based retrievals of AOD(430) and g with data from a co-located CIMEL sun photometer, Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR), and an airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2). The average difference (relative to DOAS) for AOD(430) is + 0.012 +/- 0.023 (CIMEL), -0.012 +/- 0.024 (MFRSR), -0.011 +/- 0.014 (HSRL-2), and +0.023 +/- 0.013 (CIMELAOD - MFRSRAOD) and yields the following expressions for correlations between different instruments: DOAS(AOD) = -(0.019 +/- 0.006) + (1.03 +/- 0.02) X CIMELAOD (R-2 = 0.98), DOAS(AOD) = -(0.006 +/- 0.005) +. 1.08 +/- 0.02) x MFRSRAOD (R-2 = 0.98), and CIMELAOD = (0.013 +/- 0.004) + (1.05 +/- 0.01) x MFRSRAOD (R-2 = 0.99). The average g measured by DOAS on both days was 0.66 +/- 0.03, with a difference of 0.014 +/- 0.05 compared to CIMEL. Active steps to minimize the error in the RSP help to reduce the uncertainty in retrievals of AOD and g. As AOD decreases and SZA increases, the RSP signal-to-noise ratio increases. At AOD(430) similar to 0.4 and 0.10 the absolute AOD errors are similar to 0.014 and 0.003 at 70 degrees SZA and 0.02 and 0.004 at 35 degrees SZA. Inherently calibrated, precise AOD and g measurements are useful to better characterize the aerosol direct effect in urban polluted and remote pristine environments. C1 [Ortega, Ivan; Coburn, Sean; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ortega, Ivan; Coburn, Sean; Lantz, Kathy; Michalsky, Joseph; Volkamer, Rainer] CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Berg, Larry K.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Lantz, Kathy; Michalsky, Joseph] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ferrare, Richard A.; Hair, JohnathanW.; Hostetler, Chris A.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Volkamer, R (reprint author), CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu RI Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016 OI Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369 FU NSF-CAREER [ATM-0847793]; US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0006080]; NASA Earth Science graduate fellowship; DOE Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; DOE ARM program: Interagency Agreement [DE-SC0006730] FX The instrument was developed with support from the NSF-CAREER award ATM-0847793; US Department of Energy (DOE) award DE-SC0006080 supported the TCAP deployment (RV). Ivan Ortega is the recipient of a NASA Earth Science graduate fellowship. Larry Berg is supported by the DOE Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. Support for the HSRL-2 light operations during TCAP was provided by the DOE ARM program: Interagency Agreement DE-SC0006730. We are grateful to Tim Deutschmann for providing support with the McArtim RTM. We thank Caroline Fayt and Michel van Roozendael for providing the WinDOAS software and Thomas Wagner for helpful discussions. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD AUG 23 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 8 BP 3893 EP 3910 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3893-2016 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW6YI UT WOS:000383796900001 ER PT J AU Lubken, FJ Baumgarten, G Hildebrand, J Schmidlin, FJ AF Luebken, Franz-Josef Baumgarten, Gerd Hildebrand, Jens Schmidlin, Francis J. TI Simultaneous and co-located wind measurements in the middle atmosphere by lidar and rocket-borne techniques SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID METEOROLOGICAL ROCKETSONDE; RAYLEIGH/MIE/RAMAN LIDAR; CAMPAIGN; CLOUDS AB We present the first comparison of a new lidar technique to measure winds in the middle atmosphere, called DoRIS (Doppler Rayleigh Iodine Spectrometer), with a rocket-borne in situ method, which relies on measuring the horizontal drift of a target ("starute") by a tracking radar. The launches took place from the Andoya Space Center (ASC), very close to the ALOMAR observatory (Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research) at 69 degrees N. DoRIS is part of a steerable twin lidar system installed at ALOMAR. The observations were made simultaneously and with a horizontal distance between the two lidar beams and the starute trajectories of typically 0-40 km only. DoRIS measured winds from 14 March 2015, 17:00 UTC, to 15 March 2015, 11:30 UTC. A total of eight starute flights were launched successfully from 14 March, 19:00 UTC, to 15 March, 00:19 UTC. In general there is excellent agreement between DoRIS and the in situ measurements, considering the combined range of uncertainties. This concerns not only the general height structures of zonal and meridional winds and their temporal developments, but also some wavy structures. Considering the comparison between all starute flights and all DoRIS observations in a time period of +/- 20 min around each individual starute flight, we arrive at mean differences of typically +/- 5-10 m s(-1) for both wind components. Part of the remaining differences are most likely due to the detection of different wave fronts of gravity waves. There is no systematic difference between DoRIS and the in situ observations above 30 km. Below similar to 30 km, winds from DoRIS are systematically too large by up to 10-20 m s(-1), which can be explained by the presence of aerosols. This is proven by deriving the backscatter ratios at two different wavelengths. These ratios are larger than unity, which is an indication of the presence of aerosols. C1 [Luebken, Franz-Josef; Baumgarten, Gerd; Hildebrand, Jens] Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys, Schloss Str 6, Kuhlungsborn, Germany. [Schmidlin, Francis J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Lubken, FJ (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys, Schloss Str 6, Kuhlungsborn, Germany. EM luebken@iap-kborn.de OI Baumgarten, Gerd/0000-0002-6727-284X FU German Space Agency (DLR) [50 OE 1001]; European Union [653980] FX The support of the German MORABA team (DLR) and the Andoya Space Center for preparing and launching the meteorological rockets is highly appreciated. We thank Boris Strelnikov for leading the launch operation. This work was supported by the German Space Agency (DLR) under grant 50 OE 1001 (Project WADIS). DoRIS was partly supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 653980. The authors wish to thank the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for providing the small meteorological rockets. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD AUG 23 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 8 BP 3911 EP 3919 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3911-2016 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW6YI UT WOS:000383796900002 ER PT J AU Scheepmaker, RA aan de Brugh, J Hu, HL Borsdorff, T Frankenberg, C Risi, C Hasekamp, O Aben, I Landgraf, J AF Scheepmaker, Remco A. aan de Brugh, Joost Hu, Haili Borsdorff, Tobias Frankenberg, Christian Risi, Camille Hasekamp, Otto Aben, Ilse Landgraf, Jochen TI HDO and H2O total column retrievals from TROPOMI shortwave infrared measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SCIAMACHY HDO/H2O MEASUREMENTS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; HEXAGONAL ICE CRYSTALS; WATER-VAPOR; SENTINEL-5 PRECURSOR; OBSERVING NETWORK; STABLE ISOTOPES; SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE AB The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board the European Space Agency Sentinel-5 Precursor mission is scheduled for launch in the last quarter of 2016. As part of its operational processing the mission will provide CH4 and CO total columns using backscattered sunlight in the shortwave infrared band (2.3 mu m). By adapting the CO retrieval algorithm, we have developed a non-scattering algorithm to retrieve total column HDO and H2O from the same measurements under clear-sky conditions. The isotopologue ratio HDO/H2O is a powerful diagnostic in the efforts to improve our understanding of the hydrological cycle and its role in climate change, as it provides an insight into the source and transport history of water vapour, nature's strongest greenhouse gas. Due to the weak reflectivity over water surfaces, we need to restrict the retrieval to cloud-free scenes over land. We exploit a novel 2-band filter technique, using strong vs. weak water or methane absorption bands, to prefilter scenes with medium-to-high-level clouds, cirrus or aerosol and to significantly reduce processing time. Scenes with cloud top heights. 1 km, very low fractions of high-level clouds or an aerosol layer above a high surface albedo are not filtered out. We use an ensemble of realistic measurement simulations for various conditions to show the efficiency of the cloud filter and to quantify the performance of the retrieval. The single-measurement precision in terms of delta D is better than 15-25 parts per thousand for even the lowest surface albedo (2-4 parts per thousand for high albedos), while a small bias remains possible of up to similar to 20 parts per thousand due to remaining aerosol or up to similar to 70 parts per thousand due to remaining cloud contamination. We also present an analysis of the sensitivity towards prior assumptions, which shows that the retrieval has a small but significant sensitivity to the a priori assumption of the atmospheric trace gas profiles. Averaging multiple measurements over time and space, however, will reduce these errors, due to the quasi-random nature of the profile uncertainties. The sensitivity of the retrieval with respect to instrumental parameters within the expected instrument performance is <3 parts per thousand, which represents only a small contribution to the overall error budget. Spectroscopic uncertainties of the water lines, however, can have a larger and more systematic impact on the performance of the retrieval and warrant further reassessment of the water line parameters. With TROPOMI's high radiometric sensitivity, wide swath (resulting in daily global coverage) and efficient cloud filtering, in combination with a spatial resolution of 7 x 7 km(2), we will greatly increase the amount of useful data on HDO, H2O and their ratio HDO/H2O. We showcase the overall performance of the retrieval algorithm and cloud filter with an accurate simulation of TROPOMI measurements from a single overpass over parts of the USA and Mexico, based on MODIS satellite data and realistic conditions for the surface, atmosphere and chemistry (including isotopologues). This shows that TROPOMI will pave the way for new studies of the hydrological cycle, both globally and locally, on timescales of mere days and weeks instead of seasons and years and will greatly extend the HDO/H2O datasets from the SCIAMACHY and GOSAT missions. C1 [Scheepmaker, Remco A.; aan de Brugh, Joost; Hu, Haili; Borsdorff, Tobias; Hasekamp, Otto; Aben, Ilse; Landgraf, Jochen] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Frankenberg, Christian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Risi, Camille] CNRS, Insitut Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Paris, France. RP Landgraf, J (reprint author), SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM j.landgraf@sron.nl RI Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU TROPOMI national programme from the Netherlands Space Office (NSO) FX H. Hu and J. aan de Brugh are in part financed by the TROPOMI national programme from the Netherlands Space Office (NSO). LMDZiso simulations used the computing resources of IDRIS under the allocation 0292 made by GENCI. We thank the two anonymous referees for their useful comments that improved this paper. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD AUG 23 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 8 BP 3921 EP 3937 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3921-2016 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW6YK UT WOS:000383797100001 ER PT J AU Joiner, J Yoshida, Y Guanter, L Middleton, EM AF Joiner, Joanna Yoshida, Yasuko Guanter, Luis Middleton, Elizabeth M. TI New methods for the retrieval of chlorophyll red fluorescence from hyperspectral satellite instruments: simulations and application to GOME-2 and SCIAMACHY SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SUN-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; SENTINEL-5 PRECURSOR; CANOPY FLUORESCENCE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; COASTAL WATERS; A FLUORESCENCE; B-BANDS; SPACE AB Global satellite measurements of solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) from chlorophyll over land and ocean have proven useful for a number of different applications related to physiology, phenology, and productivity of plants and phytoplankton. Terrestrial chlorophyll fluorescence is emitted throughout the red and far-red spectrum, producing two broad peaks near 683 and 736 nm. From ocean surfaces, phytoplankton fluorescence emissions are entirely from the red region (683 nm peak). Studies using satellite-derived SIF over land have focused almost exclusively on measurements in the far red (wavelengths >712 nm), since those are the most easily obtained with existing instrumentation. Here, we examine new ways to use existing hyperspectral satellite data sets to retrieve red SIF (wavelengths <712 nm) over both land and ocean. Red SIF is thought to provide complementary information to that from the far red for terrestrial vegetation. The satellite instruments that we use were designed to make atmospheric trace-gas measurements and are therefore not optimal for observing SIF; they have coarse spatial resolution and only moderate spectral resolution (0.5 nm). Nevertheless, these instruments, the Global Ozone Monitoring Instrument 2 (GOME-2) and the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY), offer a unique opportunity to compare red and far-red terrestrial SIF at regional spatial scales. Terrestrial SIF has been estimated with ground-, aircraft-, or satellite-based instruments by measuring the filling-in of atmospheric and/or solar absorption spectral features by SIF. Our approach makes use of the oxygen (O-2) gamma band that is not affected by SIF. The SIF-free O-2 gamma band helps to estimate absorption within the spectrally variable O-2 B band, which is filled in by red SIF. SIF also fills in the spectrally stable solar Fraunhofer lines (SFLs) at wavelengths both inside and just outside the O-2 B band, which further helps to estimate red SIF emission. Our approach is then an extension of previous approaches applied to satellite data that utilized only the filling-in of SFLs by red SIF. We conducted retrievals of red SIF using an extensive database of simulated radiances covering a wide range of conditions. Our new algorithm produces good agreement between the simulated truth and retrievals and shows the potential of the O-2 bands for noise reduction in red SIF retrievals as compared with approaches that rely solely on SFL filling. Biases seen with existing satellite data, most likely due to instrumental artifacts that vary in time, space, and with instrument, must be addressed in order to obtain reasonable results. Our 8-year record of red SIF observations over land with the GOME-2 allows for the first time reliable global mapping of monthly anomalies. These anomalies are shown to have similar spatiotemporal structure as those in the far red, particularly for drought-prone regions. There is a somewhat larger percentage response in the red as compared with the far red for these areas that are drought sensitive. We also demonstrate that good-quality ocean fluorescence line height retrievals can be achieved with GOME-2, SCIAMACHY, and similar instruments by utilizing the full complement of radiance measurements that span the red SIF emission feature. C1 [Joiner, Joanna; Middleton, Elizabeth M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yoshida, Yasuko] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Guanter, Luis] Helmholtz Ctr, Potsdam, Germany. RP Joiner, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM joanna.joiner@nasa.gov FU NASA; Emmy Noether Programme (GlobFluo project) of the German Research Foundation FX Funding for this work was provided by NASA and the Emmy Noether Programme (GlobFluo project) of the German Research Foundation. The authors are indebted to Phil Durbin, Ghassan Taha, and Michael Yan for their assistance with the satellite data sets. We gratefully acknowledge the European Meteorological Satellite (EUMETSAT) program, ESA, and NASA, particularly the MODIS data processing team, for making available the GOME-2, SCIAMACHY, and MODIS data used here. We also thank Alexander Vasilkov, Karl (Fred) Huemmrich, William Cook, Qingyuan Zhang, Rose Munro, Rudiger Lang, Joseph Berry, John Burrows, P. K. Bhartia, Petya Campbell, Lawrence Corp, Kelly Chance, and Arlindo da Silva for helpful discussions. Finally, we thank the two anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions that helped to improve the manuscript. NR 99 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 23 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD AUG 23 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 8 BP 3939 EP 3967 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3939-2016 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW6YM UT WOS:000383797300001 ER PT J AU Colose, CM LeGrande, AN Vuille, M AF Colose, Christopher M. LeGrande, Allegra N. Vuille, Mathias TI Hemispherically asymmetric volcanic forcing of tropical hydroclimate during the last millennium SO EARTH SYSTEM DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; PAST MILLENNIUM; GLACIAL MAXIMUM; HEAT-TRANSPORT; ENERGY BUDGET; ITCZ LOCATION; ERUPTIONS; CLIMATE; OCEAN AB Volcanic aerosols exert the most important natural radiative forcing of the last millennium. State-of-the-art paleoclimate simulations of this interval are typically forced with diverse spatial patterns of volcanic forcing, leading to different responses in tropical hydroclimate. Recently, theoretical considerations relating the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) position to the demands of global energy balance have emerged in the literature, allowing for a connection to be made between the paleoclimate simulations and recent developments in the understanding of ITCZ dynamics. These energetic considerations aid in explaining the well-known historical, paleoclimatic, and modeling evidence that the ITCZ migrates away from the hemisphere that is energetically deficient in response to asymmetric forcing. Here we use two separate general circulation model (GCM) suites of experiments for the last millennium to relate the ITCZ position to asymmetries in prescribed volcanic sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere and related asymmetric radiative forcing. We discuss the ITCZ shift in the context of atmospheric energetics and discuss the ramifications of transient ITCZ migrations for other sensitive indicators of changes in the tropical hydrologic cycle, including global streamflow. For the first time, we also offer insight into the large-scale fingerprint of water isotopologues in precipitation (delta O-18(p)) in response to asymmetries in radiative forcing. The ITCZ shifts away from the hemisphere with greater volcanic forcing. Since the isotopic composition of precipitation in the ITCZ is relatively depleted compared to areas outside this zone, this meridional precipitation migration results in a large-scale enrichment (depletion) in the isotopic composition of tropical precipitation in regions the ITCZ moves away from (toward). Our results highlight the need for careful consideration of the spatial structure of volcanic forcing for interpreting volcanic signals in proxy records and therefore in evaluating the skill of Common Era climate model output. C1 [Colose, Christopher M.; Vuille, Mathias] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [LeGrande, Allegra N.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Colose, CM (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM ccolose@albany.edu FU NOAA [C2D2 NA10OAR4310126]; NSF [AGS-1003690, AGS-1303828]; NASA [GISS-E2]; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center FX This study was funded by NOAA C2D2 NA10OAR4310126 and NSF awards AGS-1003690 and AGS-1303828. We would like to thank NASA GISS-E2 for institutional support. Computing resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. We acknowledge the CESM1(CAM5) Last Millennium Ensemble Community Project and supercomputing resources provided by NSF/CISL/Yellowstone. NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2190-4979 EI 2190-4987 J9 EARTH SYST DYNAM JI Earth Syst. Dynam. PD AUG 23 PY 2016 VL 7 IS 3 BP 681 EP 696 DI 10.5194/esd-7-681-2016 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DW6ZM UT WOS:000383799900001 ER PT J AU Yuan, P Koppelmans, V Reuter-Lorenz, PA De Dios, YE Gadd, NE Wood, SJ Riascos, R Kofman, IS Bloomberg, JJ Mulavara, AP Seidler, RD AF Yuan, Peng Koppelmans, Vincent Reuter-Lorenz, Patricia A. De Dios, Yiri E. Gadd, Nichole E. Wood, Scott J. Riascos, Roy Kofman, Igor S. Bloomberg, Jacob J. Mulavara, Ajitkumar P. Seidler, Rachael D. TI Increased Brain Activation for Dual Tasking with 70-Days Head-Down Bed Rest SO FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dual task; head-down bed rest; fMRI; microgravity analog; brain activity ID SENSORIMOTOR PERFORMANCE; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; SPACE MISSION; SHORT-TERM; METAANALYSIS; SPACEFLIGHT; CEREBELLUM; DURATION; CORTEX AB Head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) has been used as a spaceflight analog to simulate the effects of microgravity exposure on human physiology, sensorimotor function, and cognition on Earth. Previous studies have reported that concurrent performance of motor and cognitive tasks can be impaired during space missions. Understanding the consequences of HDBR for neural control of dual tasking may possibly provide insight into neural efficiency during spaceflight. In the current study, we evaluated how dual task performance and the underlying brain activation changed as a function of HDBR. Eighteen healthy men participated in this study. They remained continuously in the 6 degrees head-down tilt position for 70 days. Functional MRI for bimanual finger tapping was acquired during both single task and dual task conditions, and repeated at 7 time points pre-, during- and post-HDBR. Another 12 healthy males participated as controls who did not undergo HDBR. A widely distributed network involving the frontal, parietal, cingulate, temporal, and occipital cortices exhibited increased activation for dual tasking and increased activation differences between dual and single task conditions during HDBR relative to pre- or post-HDBR. This HDBR-related brain activation increase for dual tasking implies that more neurocognitive control is needed for dual task execution during HDBR compared to pre- and post-HDBR. We observed a positive correlation between pre-to-post HDBR changes in dual-task cost of reaction time and pre-to-post HDBR change in dual-task cost of brain activation in several cerebral and cerebellar regions. These findings could be predictive of changes in dual task processing during spaceflight. C1 [Yuan, Peng; Koppelmans, Vincent; Seidler, Rachael D.] Univ Michigan, Sch Kinesiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Reuter-Lorenz, Patricia A.; Seidler, Rachael D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [De Dios, Yiri E.; Gadd, Nichole E.; Kofman, Igor S.] Wyle Sci Technol & Engn Grp, Houston, TX USA. [Wood, Scott J.] Azusa Pacific Univ, Dept Psychol, Azusa, CA USA. [Riascos, Roy] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Bloomberg, Jacob J.; Mulavara, Ajitkumar P.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Mulavara, Ajitkumar P.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX USA. [Seidler, Rachael D.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Neurosci Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Seidler, RD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Kinesiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.; Seidler, RD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.; Seidler, RD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Neurosci Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rseidler@umich.edu OI Riascos, Roy/0000-0002-3081-0413 FU National Space Biomedical Research Institute [NASA NCC 9-58, MA02701, PF04101, NNX11AR02G]; NASA Flight Analogs Project; National Institutes of Health; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences [1UL1RR029876-01] FX This work is supported by grants from the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NASA NCC 9-58, MA02701, and PF04101), from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA; NNX11AR02G) and NASA Flight Analogs Project, and the National Institutes of Health, and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 1UL1RR029876-01. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1662-5137 J9 FRONT SYST NEUROSCI JI Front. Syst. Neurosci. PD AUG 23 PY 2016 VL 10 AR 71 DI 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00071 PG 14 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA DT9DK UT WOS:000381795600002 PM 27601982 ER PT J AU Nicholson, JW DeSantolo, A Yan, MF Wisk, P Mangan, B Puc, G Yu, AW Stephen, MA AF Nicholson, J. W. DeSantolo, A. Yan, M. F. Wisk, P. Mangan, B. Puc, G. Yu, A. W. Stephen, M. A. TI High energy, 1572.3 nm pulses for CO2 LIDAR from a polarization-maintaining, very-large-mode-area, Er-doped fiber amplifier SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PEAK-POWER; MU-M; LASER; AMPLIFICATION; MJ AB We demonstrate the first polarization-maintaining, very-large-mode-area, Er-doped fiber amplifier with similar to 1100 mu m(2) effective area. The amplifier is core pumped by a Raman fiber laser and is used to generate single-frequency, one-microsecond, pulses with pulse energy of 541 mu J, peak power of 700 W, M-2 of 1.1, and polarization extinction >20 dB. The amplifier operates at 1572.3 nm, a wavelength useful for trace atmospheric CO2 detection. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Nicholson, J. W.; DeSantolo, A.; Yan, M. F.; Wisk, P.; Mangan, B.; Puc, G.] OFS Labs, 19 Schoolhouse Rd,Suite 105, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. [Yu, A. W.; Stephen, M. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Nicholson, JW (reprint author), OFS Labs, 19 Schoolhouse Rd,Suite 105, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. EM jwn@ofsoptics.com NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 22 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 17 BP 19961 EP 19968 AR 268882 DI 10.1364/OE.24.019961 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA DY6KV UT WOS:000385227100106 PM 27557271 ER PT J AU Harrison, JJ Chipperfield, MP Boone, CD Dhomse, SS Bernath, PF Froidevaux, L Anderson, J Russell, J AF Harrison, Jeremy J. Chipperfield, Martyn P. Boone, Christopher D. Dhomse, Sandip S. Bernath, Peter F. Froidevaux, Lucien Anderson, John Russell, James, III TI Satellite observations of stratospheric hydrogen fluoride and comparisons with SLIMCAT calculations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MIDLATITUDE OZONE CHANGES; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; HCL; SIMULATIONS; CIRCULATION; VALIDATION; CHEMISTRY; COLUMN; HF AB The vast majority of emissions of fluorine-containing molecules are anthropogenic in nature, e.g. chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Many of these fluorine-containing species deplete stratospheric ozone and are regulated by the Montreal Protocol. Once in the atmosphere they slowly degrade, ultimately leading to the formation of hydrogen fluoride (HF), the dominant reservoir of stratospheric fluorine due to its extreme stability. Monitoring the growth of stratospheric HF is therefore an important marker for the success of the Montreal Protocol. We report the comparison of global distributions and trends of HF measured in the Earth's atmosphere by the satellite remote-sensing instruments ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier transform spectrometer), which has been recording atmospheric spectra since 2004, and HALOE (HALogen Occultation Experiment), which recorded atmospheric spectra between 1991 and 2005, with the output of SLIMCAT, a state-of-the-art three-dimensional chemical transport model. In general the agreement between observation and model is good, although the ACE-FTS measurements are biased high by similar to 10% relative to HALOE. The observed global HF trends reveal a substantial slowing down in the rate of increase of HF since the 1990s: 4.97 +/- 0.12% year(-1) (1991-1997; HALOE), 1.12 +/- 0.08% year(-1) (1998-2005; HALOE), and 0.52 +/- 0.03% year(-1) (2004-2012; ACE-FTS). In comparison, SLIMCAT calculates trends of 4.01, 1.10, and 0.48% year(-1), respectively, for the same periods; the agreement is very good for all but the earlier of the two HALOE periods. Furthermore, the observations reveal variations in the HF trends with latitude and altitude; for example, between 2004 and 2012 HF actually decreased in the Southern Hemisphere below similar to 35 km. An additional SLIMCAT simulation with repeating meteorology for the year 2000 produces much cleaner trends in HF with minimal variations with latitude and altitude. Therefore, the variations with latitude and altitude in the observed HF trends are due to variability in stratospheric dynamics on the timescale of a few years. Overall, the agreement between observation and model points towards the ongoing success of the Montreal Protocol and the usefulness of HF as a metric for stratospheric fluorine. C1 [Harrison, Jeremy J.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Harrison, Jeremy J.] Univ Leicester, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Dhomse, Sandip S.] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Dhomse, Sandip S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Boone, Christopher D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bernath, Peter F.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Froidevaux, Lucien] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Anderson, John; Russell, James, III] Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Harrison, JJ (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.; Harrison, JJ (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM jh592@leicester.ac.uk RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Dhomse, Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/I022663/1]; National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO); Canadian Space Agency (CSA); NASA FX The authors wish to thank the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) for supporting Jeremy J. Harrison through grant NE/I022663/1 and through the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO). The ACE satellite mission is funded primarily by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). HALOE was funded by NASA. Martyn P. Chipperfield and Sandip S. Dhomse thank Wuhu Feng (the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; NCAS) for help with SLIMCAT. Martyn P. Chipperfield is a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award holder. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was performed under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). We thank the ECMWF for providing the ERA-Interim reanalyses used by the SLIMCAT model. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 22 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 16 BP 10501 EP 10519 DI 10.5194/acp-16-10501-2016 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW6ES UT WOS:000383742800002 ER PT J AU Cheung, SH Miki, K Prudencio, E Simmons, C AF Cheung, Sai Hung Miki, Kenji Prudencio, Ernesto Simmons, Chris TI Uncertainty quantification and robust predictive system analysis for high temperature kinetics of HCN/O-2/Ar mixture SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian approach; Stochastic system; Uncertainty quantification; Robust predictive analysis; Arrhenius form; Deterministic model; Stochastic model; Reaction rate; Experimental error; Modeling error ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; HYDROGEN-CYANIDE; SHOCK-WAVES; ARRHENIUS PARAMETERS; METHANE COMBUSTION; MODEL; NO; OXIDATION; HCN; IDENTIFICATION AB In this paper, a stochastic system based Bayesian approach is applied to quantify the uncertainties involved in the modeling of the HCN/O-2/Ar mixture kinetics proposed by Thielen and Roth (1987). This enables more robust predictions of quantities of interest such as rate coefficients of HCN + Ar -> H + CN + Ar and O-2 + CN -> NCO + O by using a stochastic Arrhenius form calibrated against their experimental data. This Bayesian approach requires the evaluation of multidimensional integrals, which cannot be done analytically. Here a recently developed stochastic simulation algorithm, which allows for efficient sampling in the high-dimensional parameter space, is used. We quantify the uncertainties in the modeling of the HCN/O-2/Ar mixture kinetics and in turn the two rate coefficients and the other relevant rate coefficients. The uncertainty in the error including both the experimental measurement error and physical modeling error is also quantified. The effect of the number of uncertain parameters on the uncertainties is investigated. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheung, Sai Hung; Prudencio, Ernesto; Simmons, Chris] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, 1 Univ Stn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Miki, Kenji] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Miki, K (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM saihung@ices.utexas.edu; kmiki@usra.edu; prudenci@ices.utexas.edu; csim@ices.utexas.edu RI Cheung , Sai Hung/A-3781-2011 FU Department of Energy [National Nuclear Security Administration] [DE-FC52-08NA28615] FX We are very grateful to Professor Philip L. Varghese at the University of Texas at Austin for his helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript. This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy [National Nuclear Security Administration] under Award Number [DE-FC52-08NA28615]. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 EI 1873-4421 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD AUG 22 PY 2016 VL 475 BP 136 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.05.026 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DT6IR UT WOS:000381588400018 ER PT J AU Alonso, D Louis, T Bull, P Ferreira, PG AF Alonso, David Louis, Thibaut Bull, Philip Ferreira, Pedro G. TI Reconstructing cosmic growth with kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich observations in the era of stage IV experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; PECULIAR VELOCITIES; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; NONTHERMAL PRESSURE; CLUSTER PHYSICS; POWER SPECTRUM; IA SUPERNOVAE; DARK ENERGY; LOCAL GROUP; CATALOG AB Future ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments will generate competitive large-scale structure data sets by precisely characterizing CMB secondary anisotropies over a large fraction of the sky. We describe a method for constraining the growth rate of structure to sub-1% precision out to z approximate to 1, using a combination of galaxy cluster peculiar velocities measured using the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect, and the velocity field reconstructed from galaxy redshift surveys. We consider only thermal SZ-selected cluster samples, which will consist of O(10(4)-10(5)) sources for Stage 3 and 4 CMB experiments respectively. Three different methods for separating the kSZ effect from the primary CMB are compared, including a novel blind "constrained realization" method that improves signal-to-noise by a factor of similar to 2 over a commonly-used aperture photometry technique. Assuming a correlation between the integrated tSZ y-parameter and the cluster optical depth, it should then be possible to break the kSZ velocity-optical depth degeneracy. The effects of including CMB polarization and SZ profile uncertainties are also considered. In the absence of systematics, a combination of future Stage 4 experiments should be able to measure the product of the growth and expansion rates, alpha equivalent to fH, to better than 1% in bins of Delta z = 0.1 out to z approximate to 1-competitive with contemporary redshift-space distortion constraints from galaxy surveys. We conclude with a discussion of the likely impact of various systematics. C1 [Alonso, David; Ferreira, Pedro G.] Univ Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Louis, Thibaut] Univ Paris 06, UMR7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Bull, Philip] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bull, Philip] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Alonso, D (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. FU Beecroft Trust; ERC [259505, 267117]; STFC; Higgs Centre in Edinburgh; NASA FX We are grateful to Nicholas Battaglia, Jo Dunkley, Simone Ferraro, Sigurd Naess, and Emmanuel Schaan for useful comments and discussion. We also thank the anonymous referee, whose input improved the quality of the paper. D. A. is supported by the Beecroft Trust and ERC Grant No. 259505. T. L. is supported by ERC Grant No. 267117 (DARK) hosted by Universite Pierre et Marie Curie- Paris 6. P. B.'s research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, administered by Universities Space Research Association under contract with NASA. P. G. F. acknowledges support from STFC, the Beecroft Trust and the Higgs Centre in Edinburgh. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 22 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 4 AR 043522 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.94.043522 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA DU0LA UT WOS:000381894400004 ER PT J AU Daigle, S Kelly, KJ Champagne, AE Buckner, MQ Iliadis, C Howard, C AF Daigle, S. Kelly, K. J. Champagne, A. E. Buckner, M. Q. Iliadis, C. Howard, C. TI Measurement of the E-r(c.m.)=259 ke V resonance in the N-14(p,gamma)O-15 reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; LIGHT-NUCLEI; SOLAR NEUTRINOS; CROSS-SECTION; ENERGY-LEVELS; S-FACTOR; GAMMA)O-15; N-14(P; DETECTOR; SYSTEM AB The N-14(p,gamma)(15) O reaction regulates the power generated by the CN cycle and thus impacts the structure and evolution of every star at some point in its life. The lowest positive-energy resonance in this reaction is located at E-r(c.m.) = 259 keV, too high in energy to strongly influence quiescent stellar burning. However, the strength of this resonance is used as a cross-section normalization for lower-energy measurements of this reaction. We report on new measurements of the energy, strength, and gamma-ray branching ratios for the 259-keV resonance, using different detection and data-analysis schemes. We have also reevaluated previous results, where possible. Our new recommended strength of omega gamma = 12.6(3) meV is in agreement with the previous value of 13.1(6) meV, but is more precise and thus provides a more reliable normalization for low-energy (p,gamma) measurements. C1 [Daigle, S.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Daigle, S.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NASA Postdoctoral Program, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Buckner, M. Q.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Howard, C.] Nordion, 447 March Rd, Kanata, ON K2K 1X8, Canada. RP Daigle, S (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.; Daigle, S (reprint author), NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NASA Postdoctoral Program, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM stephen.daigle@nasa.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-97ER41041]; U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-FC52-08NA28752] FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-97ER41041 and by the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-FC52-08NA28752. We would like to thank J. R. Dermigny for his assistance with the fraction fits. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG 22 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 2 AR 025803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.94.025803 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA DU0KL UT WOS:000381892200008 ER PT J AU Dell'Agli, F Di Criscienzo, M Boyer, ML Garcia-Hernandez, DA AF Dell'Agli, F. Di Criscienzo, M. Boyer, M. L. Garcia-Hernandez, D. A. TI Evolved stars in the Local Group galaxies - I. AGB evolution and dust production in IC 1613 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: abundances; stars: AGB and post-AGB; ISM: abundances ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; LOW-METALLICITY; STELLAR WINDS; MINERAL FORMATION; CARBON STARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; FORMATION HISTORY AB We used models of thermally-pulsing asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, that also describe the dust-formation process in the wind, to interpret the combination of near- and mid-infrared photometric data of the dwarf galaxy IC 1613. This is the first time that this approach is extended to an environment different from the Milky Way and the Magellanic Clouds (MCs). Our analysis, based on synthetic population techniques, shows a nice agreement between the observations and the expected distribution of stars in the colour-magnitude diagrams obtained with JHK and Spitzer bands. This allows a characterization of the individual stars in the AGB sample in terms of mass, chemical composition, and formation epoch of the progenitors. We identify the stars exhibiting the largest degree of obscuration as carbon stars evolving through the final AGB phases, descending from 1-1.25Msun objects of metallicity Z=0.001 and from 1.5-2.5Msun stars with Z=0.002. Oxygen-rich stars constitute the majority of the sample (65%), mainly low mass stars (<2Msun) that produce a negligible amount of dust (<10<^>{-7}Msun/yr). We predict the overall dust-production rate from IC 1613, mostly determined by carbon stars, to be 6x10<^>{-7}Msun/yr with an uncertainty of 30%. The capability of the current generation of models to interpret the AGB population in an environment different from the MCs opens the possibility to extend this kind of analysis to other Local Group galaxies. C1 [Dell'Agli, F.; Di Criscienzo, M.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, RM, Italy. [Boyer, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Boyer, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Boyer, M. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Garcia-Hernandez, D. A.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Via Lactea S-N, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. [Garcia-Hernandez, D. A.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. RP Dell'Agli, F (reprint author), INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, RM, Italy. EM flaviadellagli@gmail.com FU Observatory of Rome; European Commission [312725]; Ramon y Cajal fellowship [RYC-2013-14182]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [AYA-2014-58082-P] FX The authors are indebted to the anonymous referee for the careful reading of the manuscript and for the several comments, which help improving significantly the quality of this work. FDA acknowledges support from the Observatory of Rome. MDC acknowledges Adriano Fontana and the contribution of the FP7 SPACE project ASTRODEEP (Ref. No. 312725) supported by the European Commission. DAGH was funded by the Ramon y Cajal fellowship number RYC-2013-14182, and he acknowledges support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under grant AYA-2014-58082-P. NR 83 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 2016 VL 460 IS 4 BP 4230 EP 4241 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw1276 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DT8AV UT WOS:000381711100063 ER PT J AU Heywood, I Jarvis, MJ Baker, AJ Bannister, KW Carvalho, CS Hardcastle, M Hilton, M Moodley, K Smirnov, OM Smith, DJB White, SV Wollack, EJ AF Heywood, I. Jarvis, M. J. Baker, A. J. Bannister, K. W. Carvalho, C. S. Hardcastle, M. Hilton, M. Moodley, K. Smirnov, O. M. Smith, D. J. B. White, S. V. Wollack, E. J. TI A deep/wide 1-2 GHz snapshot survey of SDSS Stripe 82 using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in a compact hybrid configuration SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE surveys; radio continuum: general ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; DEEP FIELD-SOUTH; INFRARED EXTRAGALACTIC FIELD; SPECTRAL INDEX PROPERTIES; RADIO-AGN POPULATION; VLA-COSMOS SURVEY; 2ND DATA RELEASE; SKY SURVEY; SOURCE CATALOG AB We have used the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array to image similar to 100 deg(2) of SDSS Stripe 82 at 1-2 GHz. The survey consists of 1026 snapshot observations of 2.5 min duration, using the hybrid CnB configuration. The survey has good sensitivity to diffuse, low surface brightness structures and extended radio emission, making it highly synergistic with existing 1.4 GHz radio observations of the region. The principal data products are continuum images, with 16 x 10 arcsec resolution, and a catalogue containing 11 782 point and Gaussian components resulting from fits to the thresholded Stokes-I brightness distribution, forming approximately 8948 unique radio sources. The typical effective 1 sigma noise level is 88 mu Jy beam(-1). Spectral index estimates are included, as derived from the 1 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth. Astrometric and photometric accuracy are in excellent agreement with existing narrowband observations. A large-scale simulation is used to investigate clean bias, which we extend into the spectral domain. Clean bias remains an issue for snapshot surveys with the VLA, affecting our total intensity measurements at the similar to 1 sigma level. Statistical spectral index measurements are in good agreement with existing measurements derived from matching separate surveys at two frequencies. At flux densities below similar to 35 sigma the median in-band spectral index measurements begin to exhibit a bias towards flatness that is dependent on both flux density and the intrinsic spectral index. In-band spectral curvature measurements are likely to be unreliable for all but the very brightest components. Image products and catalogues are publicly available via an FTP server. C1 [Heywood, I.; Bannister, K. W.] CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, POB 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Heywood, I.; Smirnov, O. M.] Rhodes Univ, Dept Phys & Elect, POB 94, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Jarvis, M. J.; White, S. V.] Dept Phys, Astrophys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Jarvis, M. J.] Univ Western Cape, Dept Phys, Private Bag X17, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Baker, A. J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Carvalho, C. S.] Univ Lisbon, Inst Astrophys & Space Sci, P-1349018 Lisbon, Portugal. [Carvalho, C. S.] Acad Athens, Res Ctr Astron & Appl Math, Soranou Efessiou 4, Athens 11527, Greece. [Hardcastle, M.; Smith, D. J. B.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sci & Technol Res Inst, Ctr Astrophys, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Hilton, M.; Moodley, K.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Smirnov, O. M.] SKA South Africa, 3rd Floor,Pk Rd, ZA-7405 Pinelands, South Africa. [White, S. V.] Curtin Univ, ICRAR, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. [Wollack, E. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Heywood, I (reprint author), CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, POB 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia.; Heywood, I (reprint author), Rhodes Univ, Dept Phys & Elect, POB 94, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. EM ian.heywood@csiro.au RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117 FU Australian Government; Government of Western Australia; National Science Foundation [ACI-1440620]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Earth Science Technology Office [NCC5-626] FX We thank the anonymous referee and the MNRAS editorial staff for providing very useful comments on this paper. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This work was supported by resources provided by the Pawsey Supercomputing Centre with funding from the Australian Government and the Government of Western Australia. IH thanks the Rhodes Centre for Radio Astronomy Techniques and Technologies (RATT) for the provision of computing facilities. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. This research made use of Montage. It is funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number ACI-1440620, and was previously funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Earth Science Technology Office, Computation Technologies Project, under Cooperative Agreement Number NCC5-626 between NASA and the California Institute of Technology. Some figures in this paper were created using the PYTHON package APLpy, an open-source plotting package for PYTHON hosted at http://aplpy.github.com. IH acknowledges useful discussions with Natasha Maddox. IH thanks the participants of the SAGE workshop, and SKA South Africa for their hospitality during this event. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 2016 VL 460 IS 4 BP 4433 EP 4452 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw1250 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DT8AV UT WOS:000381711100079 ER PT J AU Drouin, BJ Tang, A Schlecht, E Brageot, E Gu, QJ Ye, Y Shu, R Chang, MCF Kim, Y AF Drouin, Brian J. Tang, Adrian Schlecht, Erich Brageot, Emily Gu, Q. Jane Ye, Y. Shu, R. Chang, Mau-Chung Frank Kim, Y. TI A CMOS millimeter-wave transceiver embedded in a semi-confocal Fabry-Perot cavity for molecular spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RINGDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; MICROWAVE AB The extension of radio frequency complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry into millimeter wavelengths promises the extension of spectroscopic techniques in compact, power efficient systems. We are now beginning to use CMOS millimeter devices for low-mass, low-power instrumentation capable of remote or in situ detection of gas composition during space missions. We have chosen to develop a Flygare-Balle type spectrometer, with a semi-confocal Fabry-Perot cavity to amplify the pump power of a mm-wavelength CMOS transmitter that is directly coupled to the planar mirror of the cavity. We have built a pulsed transceiver system at 92-105 GHz inside a 3 cm base length cavity and demonstrated quality factor up to 4680, allowing for modes with 20 MHz bandwidth, with a sufficient cavity amplification factor for mW class transmitters. This work describes the initial gas measurements and outlines the challenges and next steps. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Drouin, Brian J.; Tang, Adrian; Schlecht, Erich; Brageot, Emily] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gu, Q. Jane; Ye, Y.; Shu, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chang, Mau-Chung Frank; Kim, Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Drouin, BJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM brian.j.drouin@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNN13D485 T] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNN13D485 T issued through the Planetary Science Division PICASSO program. Portions of the research described in this paper were performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2016 VL 145 IS 7 AR 074201 DI 10.1063/1.4961020 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DT7QG UT WOS:000381680700019 PM 27544098 ER PT J AU Carlberg, JK Cunha, K Smith, VV AF Carlberg, Joleen K. Cunha, Katia Smith, Verne V. TI LITHIUM INVENTORY OF 2 M-circle dot RED CLUMP STARS IN OPEN CLUSTERS: A TEST OF THE HELIUM FLASH MECHANISM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations: individual (Collinder 110, NGC 2204, NGC 2506, NGC 6583); stars: abundances; stars: late-type ID OLD OPEN CLUSTERS; AGE OPEN CLUSTERS; GIANT STARS; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MAIN-SEQUENCE; NGC 7789; LI; EVOLUTION; ABUNDANCE AB The temperature distribution of field Li-rich red giants suggests the presence of a population of Li-rich red clump (RC) stars. One proposed explanation for this population is that all stars with masses near 2 M-circle dot experience a shortlived phase of Li-richness at the onset of core He-burning. Many of these stars have low C-12/C-13, a signature of deep mixing that is presumably associated with the Li regeneration. To test this purported mechanism of Li enrichment, we measured abundances in 38 RC stars and 6 red giant branch (RGB) stars in four open clusters selected to have RC masses near 2 M-circle dot. We find six Li-rich stars (A(Li) >= 1.50 dex) of which only two may be RC stars. None of the RC stars have Li exceeding the levels observed in the RGB stars, but given the brevity of the suggested Li-rich phase and the modest sample size, it is probable that stars with larger Li-enrichments were missed simply by chance. However, we find very few stars in our sample with low C-12/C-13. Such low C-12/C-13, seen in many field Li-rich stars, should persist even after lithium has returned to normal low levels. Thus, if Li synthesis during the He flash occurs, it is a rare, but potentially long-lived occurrence rather than a short-lived phase for all stars. We estimate a conservative upper limit of the fraction of stars going through a Li-rich phase to be < 47%, based on stars that have low C-12/C-13 for their observed A(Li). C1 [Carlberg, Joleen K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cunha, Katia] Observ Nacl, Rua Gen Jose Cristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Smith, Verne V.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 North Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Carlberg, JK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM joleen.k.carlberg@nasa.gov FU NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA FX We are grateful to S. H. Lee and H. B. Ann for providing us their optical photometry of the NGC 2506 red giants in this study. We also thank the referee for valuable feedback that improved this manuscript. JKC acknowledges support by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Universities Space Research Association through a contract with NASA. This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile and made use of the WEBDA database, operated at the Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics of the Masaryk University. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 2 AR 129 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/2/129 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW9SA UT WOS:000384001600041 ER PT J AU Fischer, WJ Padgett, DL Stapelfeldt, KL Sewilo, M AF Fischer, William J. Padgett, Deborah L. Stapelfeldt, Karl L. Sewilo, Marta TI A WISE CENSUS OF YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS IN CANIS MAJOR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; stars: formation; stars: protostars Supporting material: figure set, machine-readable table ID INFRARED-SURVEY-EXPLORER; SPACE-TELESCOPE SURVEY; (CO)-C-13 J=1-0 SURVEY; STAR-FORMING REGIONS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; SPITZER SURVEY; CARINA NEBULA; OUTER GALAXY; MILKY-WAY; HI-GAL AB With the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), we searched for young stellar objects (YSOs) in a 100 deg(2) region centered on the lightly studied Canis Major star-forming region. Applying stringent magnitude cuts to exclude the majority of extragalactic contaminants, we find 144 Class I candidates and 335 Class II candidates. The sensitivity to Class II candidates is limited by their faintness at the distance to Canis Major (assumed as 1000 pc). More than half the candidates (53%) are found in 16 groups of more than four members, including four groups with more than 25 members each. The ratio of Class II to Class I objects, N-II/N-I, varies from 0.4 to 8.3 in just the largest four groups. We compare our results to those obtainable with combined Two Micron All Sky Survey and post-cryogenic Spitzer Space Telescope data; the latter approach recovers missing Class II sources. Via a comparison to protostars characterized with the Herschel Space Observatory, we propose new WISE color criteria for flat-spectrum and Class 0 protostars, finding 80 and 7. of these, respectively. The distribution of YSOs in CMa OB1 is consistent with supernova-induced star formation, although the diverse N-II/N-I ratios are unexpected if this parameter traces age and the YSOs are due to the same supernova. Less massive clouds feature larger N-II/N-I ratios, suggesting that initial conditions play a role in determining this quantity. C1 [Fischer, William J.; Padgett, Deborah L.; Sewilo, Marta] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stapelfeldt, Karl L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Fischer, WJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM william.j.fischer@nasa.gov OI Fischer, William J/0000-0002-3747-2496 FU University of California, Los Angeles; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA; National Science Foundation [ACI-1440620] FX This paper makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology (JPL/Caltech), funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The work of W. J. F. and M. S. was supported by appointments to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center. This research made use of the NASA/Infrared Processing and Analysis Center Infrared Science Archive, which is operated by JPL/Caltech under contract with NASA. This research also made use of Montage, which is funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number ACI-1440620, and was previously funded by NASA's Earth Science Technology Office, Computation Technologies Project, under Cooperative Agreement Number NCC5-626 between NASA and Caltech. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 2 AR 96 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/2/96 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW9SA UT WOS:000384001600008 ER PT J AU Flock, M Fromang, S Turner, NJ Benisty, M AF Flock, M. Fromang, S. Turner, N. J. Benisty, M. TI RADIATION HYDRODYNAMICS MODELS OF THE INNER RIM IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion disks; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); radiative transfer; techniques: interferometric ID HERBIG AE/BE STARS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; STRATIFIED ACCRETION DISKS; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; PLANET FORMATION; CONVECTIVE OVERSTABILITY; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS; SOLAR NEBULA; DEAD ZONES AB Many stars host planets orbiting within a few astronomical units (AU). The occurrence rate and distributions of masses and orbits vary greatly with the host star's mass. These close planets' origins are a mystery that motivates investigating protoplanetary disks' central regions. A key factor governing the conditions near the star is the silicate sublimation front, which largely determines where the starlight is absorbed, and which is often called the inner rim. We present the first radiation hydrodynamical modeling of the sublimation front in the disks around the young intermediate-mass stars called Herbig Ae stars. The models are axisymmetric. and include starlight heating;. silicate grains sublimating and condensing to equilibrium at the local, time-dependent temperature and density;. and accretion stresses parameterizing the results of MHD magnetorotational turbulence models. The results compare well with radiation hydrostatic solutions. and prove to be dynamically stable. Passing the model disks into Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations, we show that the models satisfy observational constraints on the inner rim's location. A small optically thin halo of hot dust naturally arises between the inner rim and the star. The inner rim has a substantial radial extent, corresponding to several disk scale heights. While the front's overall position varies with the stellar luminosity, its radial extent depends on the mass accretion rate. A pressure maximum develops near the location of thermal ionization at temperatures of. about 1000 K. The pressure maximum is capable of halting solid pebbles' radial drift and concentrating them in a zone where temperatures are sufficiently high for annealing to form crystalline silicates. C1 [Flock, M.; Turner, N. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Flock, M.; Fromang, S.] Univ Paris 07, CEA Saclay, Irfu, Lab AIM,CEA,DSM,CNRS,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France. [Benisty, M.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France. RP Flock, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.; Flock, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 07, CEA Saclay, Irfu, Lab AIM,CEA,DSM,CNRS,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France. EM mflock@caltech.edu FU European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)/ERC [258729]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA Exoplanet Research program [14XRP14_20153] FX The authors thank Antonella Natta, Wlad Lyra, Rafael Millan-Gabet, Gijs Mulders, and Satoshi Okuzumi for useful comments on the manuscript. We thank Andrea Mignone for supporting and advising us with the newest PLUTO code. Parallel computations have been performed on the Genci supercomputer "curie" at the calculation center of CEA TGCC and on the zodiac supercomputer at JPL. For this work, S.F. and M.F. received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant agreement nr. 258729. This research was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and with the support of the NASA Exoplanet Research program via grant 14XRP14_20153. Copyright 2016 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 77 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 2 AR 144 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/2/144 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW9SA UT WOS:000384001600056 ER PT J AU Hankins, MJ Lau, RM Morris, MR Sanchez-Bermudez, J Pott, JU Adams, JD Herter, TL AF Hankins, M. J. Lau, R. M. Morris, M. R. Sanchez-Bermudez, J. Pott, J. U. Adams, J. D. Herter, T. L. TI INFRARED OBSERVATIONS OF THE QUINTUPLET PROPER MEMBERS USING SOFIA/FORCAST AND GEMINI/TReCS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: center; stars: evolution; stars: massive; stars: Wolf-Rayet ID WOLF-RAYET STARS; GALACTIC-CENTER; MASSIVE STARS; MIDINFRARED CAMERA; PINWHEEL NEBULA; DUST; CLUSTERS; INTERFEROMETRY; EXTINCTION; FORCAST AB Since their discovery, the Quintuplet proper members (QPMs) have been somewhat mysterious in nature. Originally dubbed the "cocoon stars" due to their cool featureless spectra, high-resolution near-infrared imaging observations have shown that at least two of the objects exhibit "pinwheel" nebulae consistent with binary systems with a carbon-rich Wolf-Rayet star and O/B companion. In this paper, we present 19.7, 25.2, 31.5, and 37.1 mu m observations of the QPMs (with an angular resolution of 3.2 ''-3.8 '') taken with the Faint Object Infrared Camera for the SOFIA Telescope (FORCAST) in conjunction with high-resolution (similar to 0.1 ''-0.2 '') images at 8.8 and 11.7 mu m from the Thermal-Region Camera Spectrograph (TReCS). DUSTY models of the thermal dust emission of two of the four detected QPMs, Q2 and Q3, are fitted by radial density profiles that. are consistent with constant mass-loss rates (rho(d) alpha r(-2)). For the two remaining sources, Q1 and Q9, extended structures (similar to 1 '') are detected around these objects in high-resolution imaging data. Based on the fitted dust masses, Q9 has an unusually large dust reservoir (M-d = 1.3(-0.4)(+0.8) x 10(-3) M-circle dot) compared to typical dusty Wolf-Rayet stars, which suggests that it may have recently undergone an episode of enhanced mass loss. C1 [Hankins, M. J.; Lau, R. M.; Adams, J. D.; Herter, T. L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, 202 Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lau, R. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Morris, M. R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Sanchez-Bermudez, J.; Pott, J. U.] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Sanchez-Bermudez, J.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Adams, J. D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, NASA, Armstrong Flight Res Ctr, 2825 East Ave P, Palmdale, CA 93550 USA. RP Hankins, MJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, 202 Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. OI Morris, Mark/0000-0002-6753-2066 FU NASA [NAS2-97001, 8500-98-014]; DLR [50 OK 0901]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1144153]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [AYA2012-38491-CO2-02]; FEDER funds; European Commission [312430]; OPTICON initiative FX We would like to thank the rest of the FORCAST team, George Gull, Justin Schoenwald, Chuck Henderson, and Jason Wang, the USRA Science and Mission Ops teams, and the entire SOFIA staff. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/DLR Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). SOFIA science mission operations are conducted jointly by the Universities Space Research Association, Inc. (USRA), under NASA contract NAS2-97001, and the Deutsches SOFIA Institut (DSI) under DLR contract 50 OK 0901. Financial support for FORCAST was provided by NASA through award 8500-98-014 issued by USRA. This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant no. DGE-1144153. J.S.-B acknowledges support by grants AYA2012-38491-CO2-02 of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) cofounded with FEDER funds, and the OPTICON initiative, which is supported by the European Commission's FP7 Capacities program (grant no. 312430). NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 2 AR 136 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/2/136 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW9SA UT WOS:000384001600048 ER PT J AU Haqq-Misra, J Kopparapu, RK Batalha, NE Harman, CE Kasting, JF AF Haqq-Misra, Jacob Kopparapu, Ravi Kumar Batalha, Natasha E. Harman, Chester E. Kasting, James F. TI LIMIT CYCLES CAN REDUCE THE WIDTH OF THE HABITABLE ZONE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrobiology; extraterrestrial intelligence; planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets and satellites: terrestrial planets ID EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; CARBON-DIOXIDE CLOUDS; MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; EARLY MARTIAN CLIMATE; CO2 ICE CLOUDS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PLATE-TECTONICS; SUPER-EARTHS; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS AB The liquid water habitable zone (HZ) describes the orbital distance at which a terrestrial planet can maintain above-freezing conditions through regulation by the carbonate-silicate cycle. Recent calculations have suggested that planets in the outer regions of the HZ cannot maintain stable, warm climates, but rather should oscillate between long, globally glaciated states and shorter periods of climatic warmth. Such conditions, similar to "Snowball Earth" episodes experienced on Earth, would be inimical to the development of complex land life, including intelligent life. Here, we build on previous studies with an updated. energy balance climate model to calculate this "limit cycle" region of the HZ where such cycling would occur. We argue that an abiotic Earth would have a greater CO2 partial pressure than today because plants and other biota help to enhance the storage of CO2 in soil. When we tune our abiotic model accordingly, we find that limit cycles can occur but that previous calculations have overestimated their importance. For G stars like the Sun, limit cycles occur only for planets with CO2 outgassing rates less than that on modern Earth. For K-and M-star planets, limit cycles should not occur; however, M-star planets may be inhospitable to life for other reasons. Planets orbiting late G-type and early K-type stars retain the greatest potential for maintaining warm, stable conditions. Our results suggest that host star type, planetary volcanic activity, and seafloor weathering are all important factors in determining whether planets will be prone to limit cycling. C1 [Haqq-Misra, Jacob; Kopparapu, Ravi Kumar] Blue Marble Space Inst Sci, 1001 4th Ave,Suite 3201, Seattle, WA 98154 USA. [Haqq-Misra, Jacob; Kopparapu, Ravi Kumar; Batalha, Natasha E.; Harman, Chester E.; Kasting, James F.] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Virtual Planetary Lab, POB 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kopparapu, Ravi Kumar] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,Mail Stop 699-0,Bldg 34, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kopparapu, Ravi Kumar] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Batalha, Natasha E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Batalha, Natasha E.; Harman, Chester E.; Kasting, James F.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Harman, Chester E.; Kasting, James F.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Haqq-Misra, J (reprint author), Blue Marble Space Inst Sci, 1001 4th Ave,Suite 3201, Seattle, WA 98154 USA.; Haqq-Misra, J (reprint author), NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Virtual Planetary Lab, POB 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Harman, Chester/0000-0003-2281-1990; Haqq-Misra, Jacob/0000-0003-4346-2611 FU NASA Habitable Worlds program [NNX15AQ82G, NNX16AB61G]; NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory lead team; NASA [NNH05ZDA001C]; National Science Foundation [DGE1255832] FX The authors thank Darren Williams for assistance with model development, as well as Dorian Abbot, Ray Pierrehumbert, Aomawa Shields, and Russell Deitrick for helpful discussions. The authors also thank an anonymous reviewer for thoughtful comments. that greatly improved the manuscript. J.H.-M. acknowledges funding from the NASA Habitable Worlds program under award NNX15AQ82G. R.K.K. and J.F.K. acknowledge funding from NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory lead team, supported by NASA under cooperative agreement NNH05ZDA001C. R.K.K. and J.H.-M. also acknowledge funding from the NASA Habitable Worlds program under award NNX16AB61G. This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DGE1255832 to N.E.B. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NASA or the National Science Foundation. NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 15 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 2 AR 120 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/2/120 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW9SA UT WOS:000384001600032 ER PT J AU Kerr, GS Fletcher, L Russell, AJB Allred, JC AF Kerr, Graham S. Fletcher, Lyndsay. Russell, Alexander J. B. Allred, Joel C. TI SIMULATIONS OF THE MG II K AND CA II 8542 LINES FROM AN ALFVEN WAVE-HEATED FLARE CHROMOSPHERE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods: numerical; Sun: atmosphere; Sun: chromosphere; Sun: flares; Sun: UV radiation; waves ID WHITE-LIGHT FLARES; REGION-IMAGING-SPECTROGRAPH; SOLAR-FLARES; MODEL CHROMOSPHERES; ATOMIC DATABASE; RAY-EMISSION; SPECTRA; IRIS; REDISTRIBUTION; DISSIPATION AB We use radiation hydrodynamic simulations to examine two models of solar flare chromospheric heating: Alfven wave dissipation and electron beam collisional losses. Both mechanisms are capable of strong chromospheric heating, and we show that the distinctive atmospheric evolution in the mid-to-upper chromosphere results in Mg II k-line emission that should be observably different between wave-heated and beam-heated simulations. We also present Ca II 8542 angstrom profiles that are formed slightly deeper in the chromosphere. The Mg. II k-line profiles from our wave-heated simulation are quite different from those from a beam-heated model and are more consistent with Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph observations. The predicted differences between the Ca II 8542 angstrom in the two models are small. We conclude that careful observational and theoretical study of lines formed in the mid-to-upper chromosphere holds genuine promise for distinguishing between competing models for chromospheric heating in flares. C1 [Kerr, Graham S.; Fletcher, Lyndsay.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Russell, Alexander J. B.] Univ Dundee, Sch Sci & Engn, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. [Allred, Joel C.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Code 671,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kerr, GS (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM g.kerr.2@research.gla.ac.uk; Lyndsay.Fletcher@glasgow.ac.uk; arussell@maths.dundee.ac.uk; joel.c.allred@nasa.gov FU College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow; STFC consolidated grant [ST/L000741/1, ST/K000993/1]; European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (F-CHROMA) [606862]; NASA Heliophysics Supporting Research; NASA Living with a Star programs FX The authors would like to thank Dr. J. Reep and Dr. A. Kowalski for helpful discussions, and Dr. J. Leenaarts for help with the RH code. We would like to thank Dr. M. Carlsson, who wrote RADYN, for help using the RADYN code and for some analysis software that we made use of. G.S.K. would like to acknowledge the financial support of a PhD scholarship from the College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow. L.F. acknowledges support from STFC consolidated grant ST/L000741/1. The research leading these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 606862 (F-CHROMA). A.J.B.R. acknowledges support from STFC consolidated grant ST/K000993/1. A.J.B.R. and L.F. acknowledge support from ISSI (Switzerland) for the International Team on 'Magnetic Waves in Solar Flares: Beyond the "Standard" Flare Model'. J.C.A. acknowledges funding support through the NASA Heliophysics Supporting Research and NASA Living with a Star programs. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 2 AR 101 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/2/101 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW9SA UT WOS:000384001600013 ER PT J AU Loeffler, MJ Moore, MH Gerakines, PA AF Loeffler, M. J. Moore, M. H. Gerakines, P. A. TI THE EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS ON THE REFRACTIVE INDEX AND DENSITY OF LOW-TEMPERATURE ICES: SOLID CARBON DIOXIDE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; planetary nebulae: general; methods: laboratory: molecular; methods: laboratory: solid state; radiative transfer; techniques: spectroscopic ID INFRARED BAND STRENGTHS; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; CO2; SPECTRA; H2O; CH4; SPECTROSCOPY; GASES; FILMS AB We present the first study on the effects of the. deposition technique on the measurements of the visible refractive index and the density of a low-temperature ice. using solid carbon dioxide (CO2) at 14-70 K as an example. While our measurements generally agree with previous studies that show a dependence of index and density on temperature below 50 K, we also find that the measured values depend on the method used to create each sample. Below 50 K, we find that the refractive index varied by as much as 4% and the density by as much as 16% at a single temperature depending on the deposition method. We also show that the Lorentz-Lorenz approximation is valid for solid CO2 across the full 14-70 K temperature range, regardless of the deposition method used. Since the refractive index and density are important in calculations of optical constants and infrared (IR) band strengths of materials, our results suggest that the deposition method must be considered in cases where n(vis) and rho are not measured in the same experimental setup where the IR spectral measurements are made. C1 [Loeffler, M. J.; Moore, M. H.; Gerakines, P. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Moore, M. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Loeffler, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Loeffler, Mark/C-9477-2012; Gerakines, Perry/D-2226-2012 OI Gerakines, Perry/0000-0002-9667-5904 FU NASA Goddard's Technical Equipment fund; NASA's Astrophysics Research and Analysis (APRA) program FX The construction of the ultra-high vacuum chamber used in this study was partially supported by NASA Goddard's Technical Equipment fund. This work was supported by NASA's Astrophysics Research and Analysis (APRA) program. The authors thank Reggie Hudson for assistance in day-to-day operations in the laboratory and for his comments on this manuscript. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 2 AR 98 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/2/98 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW9SA UT WOS:000384001600010 ER PT J AU Makela, P Gopalswamy, N Reiner, MJ Akiyama, S Krupar, V AF Makela, P. Gopalswamy, N. Reiner, M. J. Akiyama, S. Krupar, V. TI SOURCE REGIONS OF THE TYPE II RADIO BURST OBSERVED DURING A CME-CME INTERACTION ON 2013 MAY 22 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: radio radiation ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; PARTICLE EVENTS; STEREO MISSION; MARCH 5; WAVE; TRIANGULATION; SPACECRAFT; EMISSIONS; TRACKING; MODEL AB We report on our study of radio source regions during the type II radio burst on 2013 May 22 based on direction-finding analysis of the Wind/WAVES and STEREO/WAVES (SWAVES) radio observations at decameter-hectometric wavelengths. The type II emission showed an enhancement that coincided with the interaction of two coronal mass ejections (CMEs) launched in sequence along closely spaced trajectories. The triangulation of the SWAVES source directions posited the ecliptic projections of the radio sources near the line connecting the Sun and the STEREO-A spacecraft. The WAVES and SWAVES source directions revealed shifts in the latitude of the radio source, indicating that the spatial location of the dominant source of the type II emission varies during the CME-CME interaction. The WAVES source directions close to 1 MHz frequencies matched the location of the leading edge of the primary CME seen in the images of the LASCO/C3 coronagraph. This correspondence of spatial locations at both wavelengths confirms that the CME-CME interaction region is the source of the type II enhancement. Comparison of radio and white-light observations also showed that at lower frequencies scattering significantly affects radio wave propagation. C1 [Makela, P.; Reiner, M. J.; Akiyama, S.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Makela, P.; Gopalswamy, N.; Reiner, M. J.; Akiyama, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Krupar, V.] Imperial Coll London, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Krupar, V.] Inst Atmospher Phys CAS, Prague 14131, Czech Republic. RP Makela, P (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA.; Makela, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM pertti.makela@nasa.gov RI Krupar, Vratislav/H-6237-2014; OI Krupar, Vratislav/0000-0001-6185-3945; Makela, Pertti/0000-0002-8182-4559 FU NSF [AGS-1358274]; Czech Academy of Sciences; Czech Science Foundation [GAP209/12/2394] FX We are grateful to J.C. Martinez Oliveros for providing his version of the STEREO/WAVES direction-finding code. SOHO is an international cooperation project between ESA and NASA. P.M. and S.A. were partially supported by NSF grant AGS-1358274. V.K. thanks the support of the Praemium Academiae award of the Czech Academy of Sciences and the Czech Science Foundation grant GAP209/12/2394. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 2 AR 141 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/2/141 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW9SA UT WOS:000384001600053 ER PT J AU Pon, A Kaufman, MJ Johnstone, D Caselli, P Fontani, F Butler, MJ Jimenez-Serra, I Palau, A Tan, JC AF Pon, A. Kaufman, M. J. Johnstone, D. Caselli, P. Fontani, F. Butler, M. J. Jimenez-Serra, I. Palau, A. Tan, J. C. TI MID-J CO SHOCK TRACING OBSERVATIONS OF INFRARED DARK CLOUDS. III. SLED FITTING SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: clouds; ISM: molecules; shock waves; stars: formation; turbulence ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MASSIVE STARLESS CORES; MOLECULAR ION SPECTRA; LOW-VELOCITY SHOCKS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; TURBULENT DISSIPATION; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS; MILKY-WAY AB Giant molecular clouds contain supersonic turbulence that can locally heat small fractions of gas to over 100 K. We run shock models for low-velocity, C-type shocks propagating into gas with densities between 10(3) and 10(5) cm(-3) and find that CO lines are the most important cooling lines. Comparison to photodissociation region (PDR) models indicates that mid-J CO lines (J = 8 -> 7 and higher) should be dominated by emission from shocked gas. In Papers I and II we presented CO J = 3 -> 2, 8 -> 7, and 9 -> 8 observations toward. four primarily quiescent clumps within infrared dark clouds. Here. we fit PDR models to the combined spectral line energy distributions and show that the PDR models that best fit the low-J CO emission underpredict the mid-J CO emission by orders of magnitude, strongly hinting at a hot gas component within these clumps. The low-J CO data clearly show that the integrated intensities. of both the CO J = 8 -> 7 and 9 -> 8 lines are anomalously high, such that the line ratio can be used to characterize the hot gas component. Shock models are reasonably consistent with the observed mid-J CO emission, with models with densities near 10(4.5) cm(-3) providing the best agreement. Where this mid-J CO is detected, the mean volume filling factor of the hot gas is 0.1%. Much of the observed mid-J CO emission, however, is also associated with known protostars and may be due to protostellar feedback. C1 [Pon, A.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Kaufman, M. J.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, One Washington Sq, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Kaufman, M. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Johnstone, D.] NRC Herzberg Inst Astrophys, 5071 West Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Johnstone, D.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Caselli, P.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Fontani, F.] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, Largo E Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Butler, M. J.] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Jimenez-Serra, I.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, 132 Hampstead Rd, London NW1 2PS, England. [Palau, A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Radioastron & Astrofis, POB 3-72, Morelia 58090, Michoacan, Mexico. [Tan, J. C.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys & Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Pon, A (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. EM apon@uwo.ca OI Fontani, Francesco/0000-0003-0348-3418; Palau, Aina/0000-0002-9569-9234 FU Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics (CITA) National Fellowship; European Research Council (ERC) [320620]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant; STFC through an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship [ST/L004801/1]; UNAM-DGAPA-PAPIIT, Mexico [IA102815] FX We would like to thank our anonymous referee for many useful changes to this paper. The authors would like to thank Dr. J. Bailey, Dr. N. Bailey, Dr. J. D. Henshaw, and Dr. D. Stock for many insightful conversations regarding the data presented in this paper. Partial salary support for A. Pon was provided by a Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics (CITA) National Fellowship. P.C. acknowledges the financial support of the European Research Council (ERC; project PALs 320620). D. J. acknowledges support from a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant. I.J.-S. acknowledges the financial support received from the STFC through an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (proposal number ST/L004801/1). A.P. acknowledges financial support from UNAM-DGAPA-PAPIIT IA102815 grant, Mexico. This research has made use of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Astrophysics Data System (ADS). This research has made use of the astro-ph archive. NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 2 AR 107 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/2/107 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW9SA UT WOS:000384001600019 ER PT J AU Sahai, R Scibelli, S Morris, MR AF Sahai, R. Scibelli, S. Morris, M. R. TI HIGH-SPEED BULLET EJECTIONS DURING THE AGB-TO-PLANETARY NEBULA TRANSITION: HST OBSERVATIONS OF THE CARBON STAR, V HYDRAE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; circumstellar matter; stars: AGB and post; AGB; stars: individual (V Hydrae); stars: jets; stars: mass-loss ID PREPLANETARY NEBULA; CRL 618; ASTROPHYSICAL JETS; BIPOLAR OUTFLOW; EPISODIC JET; MASS-LOSS; DISCOVERY; SIMULATIONS; ENVELOPE; BINARY AB The well-studied carbon star, V Hya, showing evidence for high-speed, collimated outflows and dense equatorial structures, is a key object in the study of the poorly understood transition of AGB stars into aspherical planetary nebulae. Using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph instrument on board the Hubble Space Telescope, we have obtained high spatial-resolution long-slit optical spectra of V Hya that show high-velocity emission in [S (II)]and [Fe (II)] lines. Our data set, spanning three epochs spaced apart by a year during each of two periods (in 2002-2004 and 2011-2013), shows that V Hya ejects high-speed (similar to 200-250 km s(-1)) bullets once every similar to 8.5 years. The ejection axis flip-flops around a roughly eastern direction, both in and perpendicular to the sky-plane, and the radial velocities of the ejecta also vary in concert between low and high values. We propose a model in which the bullet ejection is associated with the periastron passage of a binary companion in an eccentric orbit around V Hya with an orbital period of similar to 8.5 years. The flip-flop phenomenon is likely the result of collimated ejection from an accretion disk (produced by gravitational capture of material from the primary) that is warped and precessing, and/or that has a magnetic field that is misaligned with that of the companion or the primary star. We show how a previously observed 17 year period in V Hya's light-cycle can also be explained in our model. Additionally, we describe how the model proposed here can be extended to account for multipolar nebulae. C1 [Sahai, R.; Scibelli, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 183-900, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Scibelli, S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Morris, M. R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Sahai, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 183-900, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM raghvendra.sahai@jpl.nasa.gov OI Morris, Mark/0000-0002-6753-2066 FU NASA; STScI HST award [GO 12227.01] FX R.S.'s contribution to the research described here was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA, with financial support was provided by NASA, in part from an STScI HST award (GO 12227.01). S.S.'s contribution was carried out during her tenure as a NASA Undergraduate Intern (UI) at JPL. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 2 AR 92 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/2/92 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW9SA UT WOS:000384001600004 ER PT J AU Sleator, CC Tomsick, JA King, AL Miller, JM Boggs, SE Bachetti, M Barret, D Chenevez, J Christensen, FE Craig, WW Hailey, CJ Harrison, FA Rahoui, F Stern, DK Walton, DJ Zhang, WW AF Sleator, Clio C. Tomsick, John A. King, Ashley L. Miller, Jon M. Boggs, Steven E. Bachetti, Matteo Barret, Didier Chenevez, Jerome Christensen, Finn E. Craig, William W. Hailey, Charles J. Harrison, Fiona A. Rahoui, Farid Stern, Daniel K. Walton, Dominic J. Zhang, William W. TI A NuSTAR OBSERVATION OF THE REFLECTION SPECTRUM OF THE LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARY 4U 1728-34 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars: neutron; X-rays: binaries ID INNER ACCRETION DISKS; NEUTRON-STAR; BLACK-HOLES; AQUILA X-1; XMM-NEWTON; PULSARS; LINES; SPECTROSCOPY; CONSTRAINTS; TELESCOPE AB We report on a simultaneous NuSTAR and Swift observation of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1728-34. We identified and removed four Type I X-ray bursts during the observation in order to study the persistent emission. The continuum spectrum is hard and described well by a blackbody with kT = 1.5 keV and a cutoff power law with Gamma = 1.5, and a cutoff temperature of 25 keV. Residuals between 6 and 8 keV provide strong evidence of a broad Fe K alpha line. By modeling the spectrum with a relativistically blurred reflection model, we find an upper limit for the inner disk radius of R-in <= 2R(ISCO). Consequently, we find that R-NS <= 23 km, assuming M =1.4 M-circle dot and alpha = 0.15. We also find an upper limit on the magnetic field of B <= 2 x 10(8) G. C1 [Sleator, Clio C.; Tomsick, John A.; Boggs, Steven E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [King, Ashley L.] Stanford Univ, KIPAC, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Miller, Jon M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bachetti, Matteo; Barret, Didier] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, Toulouse, France. [Bachetti, Matteo; Barret, Didier] CNRS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, 9 Av Colonel Roche,BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Chenevez, Jerome; Christensen, Finn E.] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Space, Elektrovej 327-328, Lyngby, Denmark. [Craig, William W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Craig, William W.; Hailey, Charles J.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 550 West 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Craig, William W.; Hailey, Charles J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, 550 West 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Harrison, Fiona A.; Walton, Dominic J.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rahoui, Farid] European Southern Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Rahoui, Farid] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stern, Daniel K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Zhang, William W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sleator, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Bachetti, Matteo/0000-0002-4576-9337 FU ESA/PRODEX; NASA FX We thank Michael Parker and Andy Fabian for the particular version of the reflionx model used in this analysis. We thank Kristin Madsen for her help identifying the calibration issue in the NuSTAR data between 3-4.5 keV. J.C. thanks ESA/PRODEX for financial support. This work is based on data from the NuSTAR mission, a project led by the California Institute of Technology, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and funded by NASA. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 2 AR 134 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/2/134 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW9SA UT WOS:000384001600046 ER PT J AU Troja, E Sakamoto, T Cenko, SB Lien, A Gehrels, N Castro-Tirado, AJ Ricci, R Capone, J Toy, V Kutyrev, A Kawai, N Cucchiara, A Fruchter, A Gorosabel, J Jeong, S Levan, A Perley, D Sanchez-Ramirez, R Tanvir, N Veilleux, S AF Troja, E. Sakamoto, T. Cenko, S. B. Lien, A. Gehrels, N. Castro-Tirado, A. J. Ricci, R. Capone, J. Toy, V. Kutyrev, A. Kawai, N. Cucchiara, A. Fruchter, A. Gorosabel, J. Jeong, S. Levan, A. Perley, D. Sanchez-Ramirez, R. Tanvir, N. Veilleux, S. TI AN ACHROMATIC BREAK IN THE AFTERGLOW OF THE SHORT GRB 140903A: EVIDENCE FOR A NARROW JET SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB 140903A); X-rays: bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; NEUTRON-STAR MERGERS; COMPACT OBJECT MERGERS; MASS BLACK-HOLES; LIGHT CURVES; ENERGY INJECTION; MILLISECOND MAGNETAR; OPTICAL AFTERGLOWS; ALERT TELESCOPE; CENTRAL ENGINE AB We report the results of our observing campaign on GRB. 140903A, a nearby (z = 0.351) short-duration (T-90 similar to 0.3 s) gamma-ray burst discovered by Swift. We monitored the X-ray afterglow with Chandra up to 15 days after the burst. and detected a steeper decay of the X-ray flux after t(j) approximate to 1 day. Continued monitoring at optical and radio wavelengths showed a similar decay in flux at nearly the same time, and we interpret it as evidence of a narrowly collimated jet. By using the standard fireball model to describe the afterglow evolution, we derive a jet opening angle theta(j) approximate to 5 degrees and a collimation-corrected total energy release E approximate to 2 x 10(50) erg. We further discuss the nature of the GRB progenitor system. Three main lines disfavor a massive star progenitor: the properties of the prompt gamma-ray emission, the age and low star formation rate of the host galaxy, and the lack of a bright supernova. We conclude that this event. likely originated from a compact binary merger. C1 [Troja, E.; Capone, J.; Toy, V.; Kutyrev, A.; Veilleux, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Troja, E.; Cenko, S. B.; Lien, A.; Gehrels, N.; Kutyrev, A.; Cucchiara, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sakamoto, T.] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Coll Sci & Engn, Chuo Ku, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525258, Japan. [Cenko, S. B.] Univ Maryland, Joint Space Sci Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lien, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Castro-Tirado, A. J.; Jeong, S.; Sanchez-Ramirez, R.] Inst Astrofis Andalucia IAA CSIC, POB 03004, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Castro-Tirado, A. J.] Univ Malaga, Unidad Asociada Dept Ingn & Sistemas Automat, ETS Ingn Ind, Campus Teatinos,Arquitecto Francisco Penalosa,6, E-29010 Malaga, Spain. [Ricci, R.] INAF Ist Radioastron, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1 H-29 Ookayama, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Cucchiara, A.; Fruchter, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gorosabel, J.] Univ Pas Vasco UPV EHU, Unidad Asociada Grp Ciencias Planetarias UPV EHU, IAA CSIC, Dept Fis Aplicada 1,ETS Ingn, Alameda Urquijo S-N, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain. [Gorosabel, J.] Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, E-48008 Bilbao, Spain. [Gorosabel, J.] Univ Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain. [Jeong, S.] Sunkgkyunkwan Univ, 25-2 Sungkyunkwan Ro, Seoul 1398, South Korea. [Levan, A.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Perley, D.] Univ Copenhagen, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Niels Bohr Inst, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Tanvir, N.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Troja, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Troja, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Sanchez-Ramirez, Ruben/0000-0002-7158-5099 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra Awards [GO4-15072A, GO4-15067A]; National Aeronautics Space Administration [NAS8-03060]; Discovery Communications; National Science Foundation [AST-1005313]; Spanish Ministry Projects [AYA2012-39727-C03-01, 2015-71718R] FX The scientific results reported in this article are based in part on observations made by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra Awards GO4-15072A and GO4-15067A issued by the Chandra X-ray. Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. These results also made use of Lowell Observatory's Discovery Channel Telescope. Lowell operates the DCT in partnership with Boston University, Northern Arizona University, the University of Maryland, and the University of Toledo. Partial support of the DCT was provided by Discovery Communications. LMI was built by the Lowell Observatory using funds from the National Science Foundation (AST-1005313). This paper is partly based on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Productiva (Argentina), and Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao (Brazil). Observations were also carried out with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias installed in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias in the island of La Palma (GTC59-14B) and with the 3.5 m CAHA telescope at the German-Spanish Calar Alto Observatory operated by the IAA-CSIC. A.J.C.T. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry Projects AYA2012-39727-C03-01 and 2015-71718R. NR 97 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 2 AR 102 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/2/102 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW9SA UT WOS:000384001600014 ER PT J AU Hayes, LA Gallagher, PT Dennis, BR Ireland, J Inglis, AR Ryan, DF AF Hayes, L. A. Gallagher, P. T. Dennis, B. R. Ireland, J. Inglis, A. R. Ryan, D. F. TI QUASI-PERIODIC PULSATIONS DURING THE IMPULSIVE AND DECAY PHASES OF AN X-CLASS FLARE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sun: flares; Sun: oscillations; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID RAY BURST MONITOR; SOLAR-FLARE; SAUSAGE OSCILLATIONS; LOOPS; ACCELERATION; MICROWAVE; RECONNECTION; PARAMETERS; EMISSION; RADIO AB Quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) are often observed in X-ray emission from solar flares. To date, it is unclear what their physical origins are. Here, we present a multi-instrument investigation of the nature of QPP during the impulsive and decay phases of the X1.0 flare of 2013 October 28. We focus on the character of the fine structure pulsations evident in the soft X-ray (SXR) time derivatives and compare this variability with structure across multiple wavelengths including hard X-ray and microwave emission. We find that during the impulsive phase of the flare, high correlations between pulsations in the thermal and non-thermal emissions are seen. A characteristic timescale of similar to 20 s is observed in all channels and a second timescale of similar to 55 s is observed in the non-thermal emissions. SXR pulsations are seen to persist into the decay phase of this flare, up to 20 minutes after the non-thermal emission has ceased. We find that these decay phase thermal pulsations have very small amplitude and show an increase in characteristic timescale from similar to 40 s up to similar to 70 s. We interpret the bursty nature of the coexisting multi-wavelength QPPs during the impulsive phase in terms of episodic particle acceleration and plasma heating. The persistent thermal decay phase QPPs are most likely connected with compressive magnetohydrodynamic processes in the post-flare loops such as the fast sausage mode or the vertical kink mode. C1 [Hayes, L. A.; Gallagher, P. T.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Hayes, L. A.; Dennis, B. R.; Ireland, J.; Inglis, A. R.; Ryan, D. F.] NASA, Heliophys Sci Div, Solar Phys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hayes, L. A.; Ireland, J.] ADNET Syst Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Inglis, A. R.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Ryan, D. F.] Royal Observ Belgium, Solar Terr Ctr Excellence, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. RP Hayes, LA (reprint author), Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland.; Hayes, LA (reprint author), NASA, Heliophys Sci Div, Solar Phys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Hayes, LA (reprint author), ADNET Syst Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. OI Dennis, Brian/0000-0001-8585-2349; Gallagher, Peter/0000-0001-9745-0400 FU Irish Research Council (IRC); Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence; SIDC Data Exploitation; NASA FX This work has been supported by Enterprise Partnership Scheme studentship from the Irish Research Council (IRC) between Trinity College Dublin and Adnet System Inc. D. Ryan thanks the Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence and the SIDC Data Exploitation and the NASA Postdoctoral Program administered by the Universities Space Research Association for their financial support. The support of the PROBA2 Guest Investigator Program provided opportunity to collaborate with the PROBA2 team at the Royal Observatory Belgium. This research has made use of SunPy, an open-source and free community-developed solar data analysis package written in Python (SunPy Community et al. 2015). We also acknowledge the anonymous referee whose comments helped to improve the Letter. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 2 AR L30 DI 10.3847/2041-8205/827/2/L30 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW5UI UT WOS:000383712100009 ER PT J AU Marshall, FE Guillemot, L Harding, AK Martin, P Smith, DA AF Marshall, F. E. Guillemot, L. Harding, A. K. Martin, P. Smith, D. A. TI A NEW, LOW BRAKING INDEX FOR THE LMC PULSAR B0540-69 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE pulsars: individual (PSR B0540-69) ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; 50 MILLISECOND PULSAR; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PSR B0540-69; SPIN-DOWN; ACTIVE PULSAR; DISCOVERY; TELESCOPE; BEHAVIOR AB We report the results of a 16 month monitoring campaign using the Swift satellite of PSR B0540-69, a young pulsar in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Phase connection was maintained throughout the campaign so that a reliable ephemeris could be determined, and the length of the campaign is adequate to accurately determine the spin frequency. and its first and second derivatives. The braking index n is 0.031. +/-. 0.013 (90% confidence), a value much lower than previously reported for B0540-69 and almost all other young pulsars. We use data from the extensive monitoring campaign with Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer to show that timing noise is unlikely to significantly affect the measurement. This is the first measurement of the braking index in the pulsar's recently discovered high spin-down state. We discuss possible mechanisms for producing the low braking index. C1 [Marshall, F. E.; Harding, A. K.] NASA, Astrophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Guillemot, L.] Univ Orleans, CNRS, LPC2E, F-45071 Orleans, France. [Guillemot, L.] CNRS, Observ Paris, Stn Radioastron Nancay, INSU, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Martin, P.] UPS, CNRS, UMR5277, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3, BP120, F-33175 Gradignan, France. RP Marshall, FE (reprint author), NASA, Astrophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM frank.marshall@nasa.gov OI Smith, David/0000-0002-7833-0275 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 2 AR L39 DI 10.3847/2041-8205/827/2/L39 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW5UI UT WOS:000383712100018 ER PT J AU Veres, P Preece, RD Goldstein, A Meszaros, P Burns, E Connaughton, V AF Veres, P. Preece, R. D. Goldstein, A. Meszaros, P. Burns, E. Connaughton, V. TI GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE OBSERVATIONS MAY CONSTRAIN GAMMA-RAY BURST MODELS: THE CASE OF GW150914-GBM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: general; gravitational waves ID BLACK-HOLE MERGERS; EVENT GW150914; EMISSION; PHOTOSPHERE; SYNCHROTRON; AFTERGLOW; SHOCKS; SWIFT; GRBS; LONG AB The possible short gamma-ray burst (GRB) observed by Fermi/GBM in coincidence with the first gravitational-wave (GW) detection offers new ways to test GRB prompt emission models. GW observations provide previously inaccessible physical parameters for the black hole central engine such as its horizon radius and rotation parameter. Using a minimum jet launching radius from the Advanced LIGO measurement of GW. 150914, we calculate photospheric and internal shock models and find that they are marginally inconsistent with the GBM data, but cannot be definitely ruled out. Dissipative photosphere models, however, have no problem explaining the observations. Based on the peak energy and the observed flux, we find that the external shock model gives a natural explanation, suggesting a low interstellar density (similar to 10(-3) cm(-3)) and a high Lorentz factor (similar to 2000). We only speculate on the exact nature of the system producing the gamma-rays, and study the parameter space of a generic Blandford-Znajek model. If future joint observations confirm the GW-short-GRB association we can provide similar but more detailed tests for prompt emission models. C1 [Veres, P.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Preece, R. D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Space Sci, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Goldstein, A.; Connaughton, V.] Univ Space Res Assoc, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Goldstein, A.] NASA, Astrophys Off, ZP12, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Meszaros, P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Burns, E.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Veres, P (reprint author), Univ Alabama, CSPAR, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM peter.veres@uah.edu OI Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335; Veres, Peter/0000-0002-2149-9846 FU Fermi grant [NNM11AA01A]; NASA [NNX13AH50G] FX We thank Tyson Littenberg and Michael Briggs for discussions. This study was supported by Fermi grant NNM11AA01A. P.M. acknowledges support from NASA NNX13AH50G. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 2 AR L34 DI 10.3847/2041-8205/827/2/L34 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW5UI UT WOS:000383712100013 ER PT J AU Behrangi, A Fetzer, EJ Granger, SL AF Behrangi, Ali Fetzer, Eric J. Granger, Stephanie L. TI Early detection of drought onset using near surface temperature and humidity observed from space SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT; SEASONAL PREDICTION; PRECIPITATION; INFORMATION; WEATHER; CLIMATE; TRENDS AB Drought is associated with severe societal impacts ranging from shortages of water for human consumption to agricultural failure and famine. An important aspect of drought forecast is determining the onset, which is critical for early warning efforts and water resources and agriculture planning. Indices of precipitation shortage have been widely used to detect the onset of drought because precipitation deficits often lead to shortages in other hydrologic variables such as soil moisture and runoff. The present work demonstrates that atmospheric temperature and humidity observations from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) contain information that can be used to detect drought onset earlier than that obtained from precipitation deficit. By calculating the standardized indices for precipitation, near-surface temperature, vapour pressure deficit, and relative humidity, we show that in many regions of the world signals of drought onset can be detected from near-surface temperature and humidity data a few months earlier than those obtained from precipitation deficit. In particular, vapour pressure deficit showed higher effectiveness than relative humidity or temperature only. The outcome was generally consistent for the three- and six-month accumulations studied here. Further analysis using 65years (1960-2014) of monthly temperature and humidity data derived from the Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) data set over the continental United States suggests that there is a good agreement between drought early detection signals obtained from AIRS and that from ground stations during the overlapped (2003-2014) period. Analysis using longer record suggests that the frequency of successful early detection of drought onset using temperature and humidity data shows regional shift towards eastern United States in the recent years. C1 [Behrangi, Ali; Fetzer, Eric J.; Granger, Stephanie L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Behrangi, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Ali.Behrangi@jpl.nasa.gov FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD AUG 20 PY 2016 VL 37 IS 16 BP 3911 EP 3923 DI 10.1080/01431161.2016.1204478 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DS8QT UT WOS:000381048600018 ER PT J AU Kataoka, R Ngwira, C AF Kataoka, Ryuho Ngwira, Chigomezyo TI Extreme geomagnetically induced currents SO PROGRESS IN EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Geomagnetically induced currents; Magnetic storms; Auroral substorms; Sudden commencements; Solar energetic particles ID 1-2 SEPTEMBER 1859; CORONAL MASS EJECTION; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC STORM; SUDDEN COMMENCEMENTS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; EVENT; PRESSURE; SYSTEMS; LIMITS AB We propose an emergency alert framework for geomagnetically induced currents (GICs), based on the empirically extreme values and theoretical upper limits of the solar wind parameters and of dB/dt, the time derivative of magnetic field variations at ground. We expect this framework to be useful for preparing against extreme events. Our analysis is based on a review of various papers, including those presented during Extreme Space Weather Workshops held in Japan in 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014. Large-amplitude dB/dt values are the major cause of hazards associated with three different types of GICs: (1) slow dB/dt with ring current evolution (RC-type), (2) fast dB/dt associated with auroral electrojet activity (AE-type), and (3) transient dB/dt of sudden commencements (SC-type). We set "caution," " warning," and "emergency" alert levels during the main phase of superstorms with the peak Dst index of less than -300 nT (once per 10 years), -600 nT (once per 60 years), or -900 nT (once per 100 years), respectively. The extreme dB/dt values of the AE-type GICs are 2000, 4000, and 6000 nT/min at caution, warning, and emergency levels, respectively. For the SC-type GICs, a "transient alert" is also proposed for dB/dt values of 40 nT/s at low latitudes and 110 nT/s at high latitudes, especially when the solar energetic particle flux is unusually high. C1 [Kataoka, Ryuho] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan. [Kataoka, Ryuho] SOKENDAI, Dept Polar Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Ngwira, Chigomezyo] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Ngwira, Chigomezyo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Kataoka, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan.; Kataoka, R (reprint author), SOKENDAI, Dept Polar Sci, Tokyo, Japan. EM kataoka.ryuho@nipr.ac.jp OI Kataoka, Ryuho/0000-0001-9400-1765 NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 2197-4284 J9 PROG EARTH PLANET SC JI Prog. Earth Planet. Sci. PD AUG 19 PY 2016 VL 3 AR UNSP 23 DI 10.1186/s40645-016-0101-x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DU0XD UT WOS:000381927300001 ER PT J AU Chu, T Fong, H Kumar, P Pfeiffer, HP Boyle, M Hemberger, DA Kidder, LE Scheel, MA Szilagyi, B AF Chu, Tony Fong, Heather Kumar, Prayush Pfeiffer, Harald P. Boyle, Michael Hemberger, Daniel A. Kidder, Lawrence E. Scheel, Mark A. Szilagyi, Bela TI On the accuracy and precision of numerical waveforms: effect of waveform extraction methodology SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article DE numerical relativity; binary black holes; gravitational-wave astronomy; gravitational wave extraction; LIGO; general relativity; advanced LIGO ID GRAVITATIONAL-RADIATION; GENERAL RELATIVITY; EINSTEIN EQUATIONS AB We present a new set of 95 numerical relativity simulations of non-precessing binary black holes (BBHs). The simulations sample comprehensively both black-hole spins up to spin magnitude of 0.9, and cover mass ratios 1-3. The simulations cover on average 24 inspiral orbits, plus merger and ringdown, with low initial orbital eccentricities e < 10(-4). A subset of the simulations extends the coverage of non-spinning BBHs up to mass ratio q = 10. Gravitational waveforms at asymptotic infinity are computed with two independent techniques: extrapolation and Cauchy characteristic extraction. An error analysis based on noise-weighted inner products is performed. We find that numerical truncation error, error due to gravitational wave extraction, and errors due to the Fourier transformation of signals with finite length of the numerical waveforms are of similar magnitude, with gravitational wave extraction errors dominating at noise-weighted mismatches of similar to 3 x 10(-4). This set of waveforms will serve to validate and improve aligned-spin waveform models for gravitational wave science. C1 [Chu, Tony] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Chu, Tony; Fong, Heather; Kumar, Prayush; Pfeiffer, Harald P.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Fong, Heather] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Pfeiffer, Harald P.] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, Muhlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Pfeiffer, Harald P.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Boyle, Michael; Kidder, Lawrence E.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hemberger, Daniel A.; Scheel, Mark A.; Szilagyi, Bela] CALTECH, Theoret Astrophys 350 17, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Szilagyi, Bela] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Fong, H (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada.; Fong, H (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. EM hfong@physics.utoronto.ca FU NSERC of Canada; Ontario Early Researcher Awards Program; Canada Research Chairs Program; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Sherman Fairchild Foundation; NSF [PHY-1404569, AST-1333520, PHY-1306125, AST-1333129, PHY-1305682, PHY-0960291]; Simons Foundation; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) under Compute Canada; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund (ORF)-Research Excellence; University of Toronto; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); Ministere de l'Economie, de l'Innovation et des Exportations du Quebec (MEIE); RMGA; Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologies (FRQ-NT); NSF XSEDE network [TG-PHY990007N]; NSF PRAC Award [ACI-1440083] FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this research at CITA from NSERC of Canada, the Ontario Early Researcher Awards Program, the Canada Research Chairs Program, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; at Caltech from the Sherman Fairchild Foundation and NSF grants PHY-1404569 and AST-1333520; at Cornell from the Sherman Fairchild Foundation and NSF grants PHY-1306125 and AST-1333129; and at Princeton from NSF grant PHY-1305682 and the Simons Foundation. Calculations were performed at the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium [88]; SciNet is funded by: the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) under the auspices of Compute Canada; the Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund (ORF)-Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. Further calculations were performed on the Briaree cluster at Sherbrooke University, managed by Calcul Quebec and Compute Canada and with operation funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), Ministere de l'Economie, de l'Innovation et des Exportations du Quebec (MEIE), RMGA and the Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologies (FRQ-NT); on the Zwicky cluster at Caltech, which is supported by the Sherman Fairchild Foundation and by NSF award PHY-0960291; on the NSF XSEDE network under grant TG-PHY990007N; on the NSF/NCSA Blue Waters at the University of Illinois with allocation jr6 under NSF PRAC Award ACI-1440083. HP and PK thank the Albert-Einstein Institute, Potsdam, for hospitality during part of the time where this research was completed. NR 76 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 EI 1361-6382 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD AUG 18 PY 2016 VL 33 IS 16 AR 165001 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/33/16/165001 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA DU5OX UT WOS:000382262300003 ER PT J AU Zanchettin, D Khodri, M Timmreck, C Toohey, M Schmidt, A Gerber, EP Hegerl, G Robock, A Pausata, FSR Ball, WT Bauer, SE Bekki, S Dhomse, SS LeGrande, AN Mann, GW Marshall, L Mills, M Marchand, M Niemeier, U Poulain, V Rozanov, E Rubino, A Stenke, A Tsigaridis, K Tummon, F AF Zanchettin, Davide Khodri, Myriam Timmreck, Claudia Toohey, Matthew Schmidt, Anja Gerber, Edwin P. Hegerl, Gabriele Robock, Alan Pausata, Francesco S. R. Ball, William T. Bauer, Susanne E. Bekki, Slimane Dhomse, Sandip S. LeGrande, Allegra N. Mann, Graham W. Marshall, Lauren Mills, Michael Marchand, Marion Niemeier, Ulrike Poulain, Virginie Rozanov, Eugene Rubino, Angelo Stenke, Andrea Tsigaridis, Kostas Tummon, Fiona TI The Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP): experimental design and forcing input data for CMIP6 SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID MT. PINATUBO ERUPTION; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; AEROSOL-CHEMISTRY; LAST MILLENNIUM; LAKI ERUPTION; TREE-RINGS; IMPACT; TEMPERATURES; SENSITIVITY AB The enhancement of the stratospheric aerosol layer by volcanic eruptions induces a complex set of responses causing global and regional climate effects on a broad range of timescales. Uncertainties exist regarding the climatic response to strong volcanic forcing identified in coupled climate simulations that contributed to the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). In order to better understand the sources of these model diversities, the Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP) has defined a coordinated set of idealized volcanic perturbation experiments to be carried out in alignment with the CMIP6 protocol. VolMIP provides a common stratospheric aerosol data set for each experiment to minimize differences in the applied volcanic forcing. It defines a set of initial conditions to assess how internal climate variability contributes to determining the response. VolMIP will assess to what extent volcanically forced responses of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system are robustly simulated by state-of-the-art coupled climate models and identify the causes that limit robust simulated behavior, especially differences in the treatment of physical processes. This paper illustrates the design of the idealized volcanic perturbation experiments in the VolMIP protocol and describes the common aerosol forcing input data sets to be used. C1 [Zanchettin, Davide; Rubino, Angelo] Univ Venice, Dept Environm Sci Informat & Stat, Venice, Italy. [Khodri, Myriam; Poulain, Virginie] IRD IPSL Lab Oceanog & Climat, Paris, France. [Timmreck, Claudia; Toohey, Matthew; Niemeier, Ulrike] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Toohey, Matthew] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [Schmidt, Anja; Dhomse, Sandip S.; Mann, Graham W.; Marshall, Lauren] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Gerber, Edwin P.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY USA. [Hegerl, Gabriele] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Robock, Alan] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Pausata, Francesco S. R.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Pausata, Francesco S. R.] Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Stockholm, Sweden. [Ball, William T.; Rozanov, Eugene] PMOD WRC, Davos, Switzerland. [Ball, William T.; Stenke, Andrea; Tummon, Fiona] ETH, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Bauer, Susanne E.; LeGrande, Allegra N.; Tsigaridis, Kostas] Columbia Univ, NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. [Bauer, Susanne E.; Tsigaridis, Kostas] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Bekki, Slimane; Marchand, Marion] UPMC, LATMOS IPSL, UVSQ Univ Paris Saclay, CNRS, Guyancourt, France. [Mann, Graham W.] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Mills, Michael] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Zanchettin, D (reprint author), Univ Venice, Dept Environm Sci Informat & Stat, Venice, Italy. EM davide.zanchettin@unive.it RI Toohey, Matthew/G-3129-2010; Schmidt, Anja/C-9617-2012; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011; OI Toohey, Matthew/0000-0002-7070-405X; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Dhomse, Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383; Schmidt, Anja/0000-0001-8759-2843 FU World Climate Research Programme (WCRP); LABEX L-IPSL; French Agence Nationale de la Recherche under the "Programme d'Investissements d'Avenir" [ANR-10-LABX-18-01]; Agence Nationale de la Recherche MORDICUS, under the "Programme Environnement et Societe" [ANR-13-SENV-0002-02]; German Federal Ministry of Education (BMBF), research program "MiKlip" [FKZ: 01LP1517B/01LP1130A]; European Project [603557, FP7-ENV. 2013.6.1-2]; BMBF, research program "MiKlip" [FKZ: 01LP1130B]; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1430051]; NSF [AGS-1264195]; Academic Research Fellowship from the University of Leeds; NERC [NE/N006038/1]; Swiss National Science Foundation [149182, 163206, CRSII2_147659]; ERC project TITAN [EC-320691]; NCAS; Wolfson Foundation; Royal Society as a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award [WM130060] FX VolMIP is dedicated to the memory of Thomas Crowley (1948-2014), whose pioneering work on volcanic forcing on climate has inspired many researchers and strongly contributed to the foundation upon which VolMIP was built. We thank the broad scientific community for the stimulating discussions that motivated VolMIP and for their contribution to the definition of the experiments and the comments on this draft. We thank the climate modeling groups who have committed to perform the VolMIP experiments. We are grateful to the CMIP6 Panel who guided our work throughout the endorsement process, in particular concerning their recommendation to upgrade the volc-pinatubo-strat/surf experiments, which led to a stronger Tier 1 experimental palette. We thank Christoph Raible and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments on the manuscript and on the VolMIP protocol. The volc-cluster-21C experiment was added to the VolMIP protocol following a suggestion by Ingo Bethke. We thank Martin Juckes for his assistance in preparing the CMIP6 data request and Karl Taylor for his assistance throughout the endorsement process. We thank Andrew Schurer for discussion about solar forcing. We acknowledge the support provided by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), which is responsible for the CMIP5. M. Khodri acknowledges grant support from the LABEX L-IPSL, funded by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche under the "Programme d'Investissements d'Avenir"(grant no. ANR-10-LABX-18-01), a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche MORDICUS, under the "Programme Environnement et Societe" (rant no. ANR-13-SENV-0002-02) and benefited from the IPSL data access PRODIGUER. C. Timmreck acknowledges support from the German Federal Ministry of Education (BMBF), research program "MiKlip" (FKZ: 01LP1517B/01LP1130A) and the European Project 603557-STRATOCLIM under program FP7-ENV. 2013.6.1-2; STRAOCLIM also partially supported S. Bekki's work. M. Toohey acknowledges support from the BMBF, research program "MiKlip" (FKZ: 01LP1130B). A. Robock is supported by US National Science Foundation (NSF) grant AGS-1430051. E. P. Gerber acknowledges NSF grant AGS-1264195. A. Schmidt was supported by an Academic Research Fellowship from the University of Leeds and NERC grant NE/N006038/1. W. T. Ball was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation projects 149182 and 163206. G. Hegerl is supported by the ERC project TITAN (EC-320691), by NCAS and the Wolfson Foundation and the Royal Society as a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award (WM130060) holder. E. Rozanov was partially supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant CRSII2_147659 (FUPSOL II). NR 92 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 14 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PD AUG 17 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 8 BP 2701 EP 2719 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-2701-2016 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DW6XH UT WOS:000383794200001 ER PT J AU Weeraddana, D Premaratne, M Gunapala, SD Andrews, DL AF Weeraddana, Dilusha Premaratne, Malin Gunapala, Sarath D. Andrews, David L. TI Quantum electrodynamical theory of high-efficiency excitation energy transfer in laser-driven nanostructure systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BUILDING-BLOCKS; DOTS; ABSORPTION; NANOWIRES; EMISSION; DEVICES AB A fundamental theory is developed for describing laser-driven resonance energy transfer (RET) in dimensionally constrained nanostructureswithin the framework of quantum electrodynamics. The process of RET communicates electronic excitation between suitably disposed emitter and detector particles in close proximity, activated by the initial excitation of the emitter. Here, we demonstrate that the transfer rate can be significantly increased by propagation of an auxiliary laser beam through a pair of nanostructure particles. This is due to the higher order perturbative contribution to the Forster-type RET, in which laser field is applied to stimulate the energy transfer process. We construct a detailed picture of how excitation energy transfer is affected by an off-resonant radiation field, which includes the derivation of second and fourth order quantum amplitudes. The analysis delivers detailed results for the dependence of the transfer rates on orientational, distance, and laser intensity factor, providing a comprehensive fundamental understanding of laser-driven RET in nanostructures. The results of the derivations demonstrate that the geometry of the system exercises considerable control over the laser-assisted RET mechanism. Thus, under favorable conformational conditions and relative spacing of donor-acceptor nanostructures, the effect of the auxiliary laser beam is shown to produce up to 70% enhancement in the energy migration rate. This degree of control allows optical switching applications to be identified. C1 [Weeraddana, Dilusha; Premaratne, Malin] Monash Univ, Adv Comp & Simulat Lab AxL, Dept Elect & Comp Syst Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Gunapala, Sarath D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Andrews, David L.] Univ East Anglia, Sch Chem, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Weeraddana, D (reprint author), Monash Univ, Adv Comp & Simulat Lab AxL, Dept Elect & Comp Syst Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM dilusha.weeraddana@monash.edu; malin.premaratne@monash.edu; Sarath.D.Gunapala@jpl.nasa.gov; d.l.andrews@uea.ac.uk FU Monash University Institute of Graduate Research; Australian Research Council [DP140100883] FX The work of D.W. is supported by the Monash University Institute of Graduate Research. The work of M.P. is supported by the Australian Research Council, through its Discovery Grant No. DP140100883. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 17 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 8 AR 085133 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.085133 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DT4XX UT WOS:000381485900003 ER PT J AU Turner, DL Fennell, JF Blake, JB Clemmons, JH Mauk, BH Cohen, IJ Jaynes, AN Craft, JV Wilder, FD Baker, DN Reeves, GD Gershman, DJ Avanov, LA Dorelli, JC Giles, BL Pollock, CJ Schmid, D Nakamura, R Strangeway, RJ Russell, CT Artemyev, AV Runov, A Angelopoulos, V Spence, HE Torbert, RB Burch, JL AF Turner, D. L. Fennell, J. F. Blake, J. B. Clemmons, J. H. Mauk, B. H. Cohen, I. J. Jaynes, A. N. Craft, J. V. Wilder, F. D. Baker, D. N. Reeves, G. D. Gershman, D. J. Avanov, L. A. Dorelli, J. C. Giles, B. L. Pollock, C. J. Schmid, D. Nakamura, R. Strangeway, R. J. Russell, C. T. Artemyev, A. V. Runov, A. Angelopoulos, V. Spence, H. E. Torbert, R. B. Burch, J. L. TI Energy limits of electron acceleration in the plasma sheet during substorms: A case study with the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE energetic particle injections; particle acceleration; magnetotail; plasma sheet; reconnection; substorm ID BURSTY BULK FLOWS; DIPOLARIZATION EVENTS; PARTICLE INJECTIONS; RECONNECTION; SIMULATION; FIELD AB We present multipoint observations of earthward moving dipolarization fronts and energetic particle injections from NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale mission with a focus on electron acceleration. From a case study during a substorm on 02 August 2015, we find that electrons are only accelerated over a finite energy range, from a lower energy threshold at similar to 7-9keV up to an upper energy cutoff in the hundreds of keV range. At energies lower than the threshold energy, electron fluxes decrease, potentially due to precipitation by strong parallel electrostatic wavefields or initial sources in the lobes. Electrons at energies higher than the threshold are accelerated cumulatively by a series of impulsive magnetic dipolarization events. This case demonstrates how the upper energy cutoff increases, in this case from similar to 130keV to >500keV, with each dipolarization/injection during sustained activity. We also present a simple model accounting for these energy limits that reveals that electron energization is dominated by betatron acceleration. C1 [Turner, D. L.; Fennell, J. F.; Blake, J. B.; Clemmons, J. H.] Aerosp Corp, Dept Space Sci, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Mauk, B. H.; Cohen, I. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Jaynes, A. N.; Craft, J. V.; Wilder, F. D.; Baker, D. N.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Reeves, G. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Gershman, D. J.; Avanov, L. A.; Dorelli, J. C.; Giles, B. L.; Pollock, C. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Pollock, C. J.] Denali Sci, Healy, AK USA. [Schmid, D.; Nakamura, R.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Graz, Austria. [Strangeway, R. J.; Russell, C. T.; Artemyev, A. V.; Runov, A.; Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Spence, H. E.; Torbert, R. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Burch, J. L.] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Turner, DL (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, Dept Space Sci, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM drew.lawson.turner@gmail.com RI NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013; Cohen, Ian/K-3038-2015; Mauk, Barry/E-8420-2017; OI NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214; Cohen, Ian/0000-0002-9163-6009; Mauk, Barry/0000-0001-9789-3797; Clemmons, James/0000-0002-5298-5222 FU NASA (MMS) [NNG04EB99C]; International Space Science Institute's International Teams program FX The authors are thankful to all of the MMS, THEMIS, Van Allen Probes, ACE, Wind, and OMNI teams for making their data available to the public. In addition to coauthors' contributions, we thank from THEMIS, K.H. Glassmeier, U. Auster, and W. Baumjohann (under contract 50 OC 0302); D. Larson and R. P. Lin; and C. W. Carlson and J. P. McFadden for FGM, SST, and ESA data, respectively; from Van Allen Probes, C. Kletzing and team for EMFISIS data; from ACE, Wind, and OMNI, J. H. King, N. Papatashvilli, and team for OMNI solar wind data; the SPEDAS team and contributors for their open source library of data analysis tools; and NASA CDAWeb and mission specific online databases. MMS data are available at < https://lasp.colorado.edu/mms/sdc >; data from this particular event, which occurred during commissioning, may be requested from the authors or from the SDC. THEMIS data and SPEDAS tools are freely available at < http://themis.ssl.berkeley.edu/index.shtml >. Van Allen Probes data are available at < http://rbspgway.jhuapl.edu/data_instrumentationSOC >. This work was primarily supported by funding from NASA (MMS contract NNG04EB99C) and research supported by the International Space Science Institute's International Teams program. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 16 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 15 BP 7785 EP 7794 DI 10.1002/2016GL069691 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DV9VM UT WOS:000383290300001 ER PT J AU Wang, S Chen, LJ Hesse, M Bessho, N Gershman, DJ Dorelli, J Giles, B Torbert, RB Pollock, CJ Strangeway, R Ergun, RE Burch, JL Avanov, L Lavraud, B Moore, TE Saito, Y AF Wang, Shan Chen, Li-Jen Hesse, Michael Bessho, Naoki Gershman, Daniel J. Dorelli, John Giles, Barbara Torbert, Roy B. Pollock, Craig J. Strangeway, Robert Ergun, Robert E. Burch, James L. Avanov, Levon Lavraud, Benoit Moore, Thomas E. Saito, Yoshifumi TI Two-scale ion meandering caused by the polarization electric field during asymmetric reconnection SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ion meandering motion; magnetic reconnection; polarization electric field ID DIFFUSION REGION; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; CURRENT SHEET; ACCELERATION; MAGNETOPAUSE; MAGNETOTAIL; EVOLUTION; TAIL AB Ion velocity distribution functions (VDFs) from a particle-in-cell simulation of asymmetric reconnection are investigated to reveal a two-scale structure of the ion diffusion region (IDR). Ions bouncing in the inner IDR are trapped mainly by the electric field normal to the current sheet (N direction), while those reaching the outer IDR are turned back mainly by the magnetic force. The resulting inner layer VDFs have counter-streaming populations along N with decreasing counter-streaming speeds away from the midplane while maintaining the out-of-plane speed, and the outer layer VDFs exhibit crescent shapes toward the out-of-plane direction. Observations of the above VDF features and the normal electric fields provide evidence for the two-scale meandering motion. C1 [Wang, Shan; Chen, Li-Jen; Bessho, Naoki] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Shan; Chen, Li-Jen; Hesse, Michael; Bessho, Naoki; Gershman, Daniel J.; Dorelli, John; Giles, Barbara; Pollock, Craig J.; Avanov, Levon; Moore, Thomas E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Torbert, Roy B.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Strangeway, Robert] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Ergun, Robert E.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Burch, James L.] Southwest Res Inst San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. [Lavraud, Benoit] Univ Toulouse, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, Toulouse, France. [Lavraud, Benoit] CNRS, UMR 5277, Toulouse, France. [Saito, Yoshifumi] Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Wang, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Wang, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM swang90@umd.edu RI NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013 OI NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214 FU NSF [AGS-1543598, AGS-1202537, AGS-1552142]; NASA; CNES; CNRS FX The research is supported in part by NSF grants AGS-1543598, AGS-1202537, and AGS-1552142 and NASA grants to the MMS Theory and Modeling and FPI at GSFC. IRAP contribution to MMS was supported by CNES and CNRS. MMS data are available at MMS Science Data Center (https://lasp.colorado.edu/mms/sdc/). NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 15 BP 7831 EP 7839 DI 10.1002/2016GL069842 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DV9VM UT WOS:000383290300006 ER PT J AU Huang, SY Sahraoui, F Retino, A Le Contel, O Yuan, ZG Chasapis, A Aunai, N Breuillard, H Deng, XH Zhou, M Fu, HS Pang, Y Wang, DD Torbert, RB Goodrich, KA Ergun, RE Khotyaintsev, YV Lindqvist, PA Russell, CT Strangeway, RJ Magnes, W Bromund, K Leinweber, H Plaschke, F Anderson, BJ Pollock, CJ Giles, BL Moore, TE Burch, JL AF Huang, S. Y. Sahraoui, F. Retino, A. Le Contel, O. Yuan, Z. G. Chasapis, A. Aunai, N. Breuillard, H. Deng, X. H. Zhou, M. Fu, H. S. Pang, Y. Wang, D. D. Torbert, R. B. Goodrich, K. A. Ergun, R. E. Khotyaintsev, Y. V. Lindqvist, P. -A. Russell, C. T. Strangeway, R. J. Magnes, W. Bromund, K. Leinweber, H. Plaschke, F. Anderson, B. J. Pollock, C. J. Giles, B. L. Moore, T. E. Burch, J. L. TI MMS observations of ion-scale magnetic island in the magnetosheath turbulent plasma SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE magnetic island; magnetosheath; electrostatic solitary waves; lower hybrid drift waves; electron beams; multiscale coupling ID ELECTROSTATIC SOLITARY WAVES; EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; FLUX ROPE; CLUSTER; RECONNECTION; REGION; FIELD; GENERATION; FREQUENCY; SPECTRA AB In this letter, first observations of ion-scale magnetic island from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission in the magnetosheath turbulent plasma are presented. The magnetic island is characterized by bipolar variation of magnetic fields with magnetic field compression, strong core field, density depletion, and strong currents dominated by the parallel component to the local magnetic field. The estimated size of magnetic island is about 8 d(i), where d(i) is the ion inertial length. Distinct particle behaviors and wave activities inside and at the edges of the magnetic island are observed: parallel electron beam accompanied with electrostatic solitary waves and strong electromagnetic lower hybrid drift waves inside the magnetic island and bidirectional electron beams, whistler waves, weak electromagnetic lower hybrid drift waves, and strong broadband electrostatic noise at the edges of the magnetic island. Our observations demonstrate that highly dynamical, strong wave activities and electron-scale physics occur within ion-scale magnetic islands in the magnetosheath turbulent plasma. C1 [Huang, S. Y.; Yuan, Z. G.; Wang, D. D.] Wuhan Univ, Sch Elect Informat, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Huang, S. Y.; Sahraoui, F.; Retino, A.; Le Contel, O.; Aunai, N.; Breuillard, H.] UPMC, Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Phys Plasmas, Palaiseau, France. [Chasapis, A.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Chasapis, A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Deng, X. H.; Pang, Y.] Nanchang Univ, Inst Space Sci & Technol, Nanchang, Peoples R China. [Zhou, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Fu, H. S.] Beihang Univ, Sch Space & Environm, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Torbert, R. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Goodrich, K. A.; Ergun, R. E.] Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Khotyaintsev, Y. V.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, Uppsala, Sweden. [Lindqvist, P. -A.] Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Russell, C. T.; Strangeway, R. J.; Leinweber, H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Magnes, W.; Plaschke, F.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Graz, Austria. [Bromund, K.; Anderson, B. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Pollock, C. J.; Giles, B. L.; Moore, T. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Burch, J. L.] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Huang, SY (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Sch Elect Informat, Wuhan, Peoples R China.; Huang, SY (reprint author), UPMC, Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Phys Plasmas, Palaiseau, France. EM shiyonghuang@whu.edu.cn RI NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013; OI NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214; Retino, Alessandro/0000-0001-5824-2852 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41374168, 41404132]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-13-0446]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project [2015 T80830]; project THESOW [ANR-11-JS56-0008]; LABEX Plas@Par as part of the program "Investissements d'Avenir" [ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02]; CNES through the grant "Allocations de recherche postdoctorale" FX We thank the entire MMS team and instrument leads for the data access and support. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41374168 and 41404132), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-13-0446), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (2015 T80830). S.Y.H. and F.S. acknowledge the financial support from the project THESOW, grant ANR-11-JS56-0008, and from LABEX Plas@Par through a grant managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), as part of the program "Investissements d'Avenir" under the reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02. H.B.'s work has been supported by CNES through the grant "Allocations de recherche postdoctorale." Data are publicly available from the MMS Science Data Center at http://lasp.colorado.edu/mms/sdc/. The French involvement (SCM) on MMS is supported by CNES and CNRS. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 15 BP 7850 EP 7858 DI 10.1002/2016GL070033 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DV9VM UT WOS:000383290300008 ER PT J AU Koskinen, TT Moses, JI West, RA Guerlet, S Jouchoux, A AF Koskinen, T. T. Moses, J. I. West, R. A. Guerlet, S. Jouchoux, A. TI The detection of benzene in Saturn's upper atmosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Saturn; photochemistry ID POLAR ATMOSPHERE; HAZE FORMATION; THERMOSPHERE; OCCULTATIONS; JUPITER; STRATOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; MESOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; EVOLUTION AB The stratosphere of Saturn contains a photochemical haze that appears thicker at the poles and may originate from chemistry driven by the aurora. Models suggest that the formation of hydrocarbon haze is initiated at high altitudes by the production of benzene, which is followed by the formation of heavier ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Until now there have been no observations of hydrocarbons or photochemical haze in the production region to constrain these models. We report the first vertical profiles of benzene and constraints on haze opacity in the upper atmosphere of Saturn retrieved from Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph stellar occultations. We detect benzene at several different latitudes and find that the observed abundances of benzene can be produced by solar-driven ion chemistry that is enhanced at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere during spring. We also detect evidence for condensation and haze at high southern latitudes in the polar night. C1 [Koskinen, T. T.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Moses, J. I.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [West, R. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Guerlet, S.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, Lab Meteorol Dynam IPSL, Paris, France. [Jouchoux, A.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Koskinen, TT (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM tommi@lpl.arizona.edu RI Moses, Julianne/I-2151-2013 OI Moses, Julianne/0000-0002-8837-0035 FU NASA Cassini Data Analysis and Participating Scientist grant [NNX14AD51G]; NASA Solar System Workings grant [NNX16AG10G]; Cassini Project; CNES FX T.T.K. was supported by the NASA Cassini Data Analysis and Participating Scientist grant NNX14AD51G. J.I.M. gratefully acknowledges support from NASA Solar System Workings grant NNX16AG10G. Part of this work was performed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, with funding from the Cassini Project for R.A.W. S.G. was supported by CNES. This work is based on observations with the UVIS and CIRS instruments onboard Cassini. The retrieval results and atmosphere models discussed in this work can be obtained from the authors by emailing T.T.K. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 15 BP 7895 EP 7901 DI 10.1002/2016GL070000 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DV9VM UT WOS:000383290300013 ER PT J AU Barnhart, TB Molotch, NP Livneh, B Harpold, AA Knowles, JF Schneider, D AF Barnhart, Theodore B. Molotch, Noah P. Livneh, Ben Harpold, Adrian A. Knowles, John F. Schneider, Dominik TI Snowmelt rate dictates streamflow SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE water; snowmelt; streamflow; modeling; hydroclimatology; Budyko ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MEAN ANNUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; HYDROLOGICALLY BASED DATASET; LAND-SURFACE FLUXES; NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER AVAILABILITY; SNOWPACK; CATCHMENT; RUNOFF AB Declining mountain snowpack and earlier snowmelt across the western United States has implications for downstream communities. We present a possible mechanism linking snowmelt rate and streamflow generation using a gridded implementation of the Budyko framework. We computed an ensemble of Budyko streamflow anomalies (BSAs) using Variable Infiltration Capacity model-simulated evapotranspiration, potential evapotranspiration, and estimated precipitation at 1/16 degrees resolution from 1950 to 2013. BSA was correlated with simulated baseflow efficiency (r(2)=0.64) and simulated snowmelt rate (r(2)=0.42). The strong correlation between snowmelt rate and baseflow efficiency (r(2)=0.73) links these relationships and supports a possible streamflow generation mechanism wherein greater snowmelt rates increase subsurface flow. Rapid snowmelt may thus bring the soil to field capacity, facilitating below-root zone percolation, streamflow, and a positive BSA. Previous works have shown that future increases in regional air temperature may lead to earlier, slower snowmelt and hence decreased streamflow production via the mechanism proposed by this work. C1 [Barnhart, Theodore B.; Molotch, Noah P.; Schneider, Dominik] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barnhart, Theodore B.; Molotch, Noah P.; Knowles, John F.; Schneider, Dominik] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Molotch, Noah P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Livneh, Ben] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Livneh, Ben] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Harpold, Adrian A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Barnhart, TB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Barnhart, TB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM theodore.barnhart@colorado.edu RI Molotch, Noah/C-8576-2009; OI Knowles, John/0000-0002-3697-9439; Schneider, Dominik/0000-0002-5846-5033; Harpold, Adrian/0000-0002-2566-9574 FU USDA-NSF Water Sustainability and Climate grant [2012-67003-19802]; NSF Boulder Creek CZO [EAR-9810218]; NSF Hydrological Sciences [EAR-1141764]; NSF [EAR-1144894]; USDA NIFA [NEV05293]; NSF Niwot Ridge LTER [DEB-1027341]; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship FX We would like to thank Paul Brooks for his comments on an early version of this work, M. Bayani Cardenas for his suggestion to include an ensemble of Budyko-type equations, and Jeff Dozier for his comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the USDA-NSF Water Sustainability and Climate grant (2012-67003-19802), NSF Boulder Creek CZO (EAR-9810218), NSF Hydrological Sciences (EAR-1141764), NSF (EAR-1144894), USDA NIFA (NEV05293), NSF Niwot Ridge LTER (DEB-1027341), and a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship to D.S. This analysis was conducted in iPython 2.7 (https://ipython.org/) using Jupyter (http://jupyter.org/), Pandas (http://pandas.pydata.org/), Numpy (http://www.numpy.org/), Matplotlib (http://matplotlib.org/), and Statsmodels (http://statsmodels.sourceforge.net/devel/). Data used for this analysis are available at ftp://192.12.137.7/pub/dcp/archive/OBS/livneh2014.1_16deg/ and are cited in section 2. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 24 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 15 BP 8006 EP 8016 DI 10.1002/2016GL069690 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DV9VM UT WOS:000383290300026 ER PT J AU Shellito, PJ Small, EE Colliander, A Bindlish, R Cosh, MH Berg, AA Bosch, DD Caldwell, TG Goodrich, DC McNairn, H Prueger, JH Starks, PJ van der Velde, R Walker, JP AF Shellito, Peter J. Small, Eric E. Colliander, Andreas Bindlish, Rajat Cosh, Michael H. Berg, Aaron A. Bosch, David D. Caldwell, Todd G. Goodrich, David C. McNairn, Heather Prueger, John H. Starks, Patrick J. van der Velde, Rogier Walker, Jeffrey P. TI SMAP soil moisture drying more rapid than observed in situ following rainfall events SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP); validation; drydown; in situ monitoring ID ATMOSPHERE COUPLING EXPERIMENT; VALIDATION; DYNAMICS; STABILITY; SMOS; PERSISTENCE; GLACE AB We examine soil drying rates by comparing surface soil moisture observations from the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission to those from networks of in situ probes upscaled to SMAP's sensing footprint. SMAP and upscaled in situ probes record different soil drying dynamics after rainfall. We modeled this process by fitting an exponential curve to 63 drydown events: the median SMAP drying timescale is 44% shorter and the magnitude of drying is 35% greater than in situ measurements. We also calculated drying rates between consecutive observations from 193 events. For 6days after rainfall, soil moisture from SMAP dries at twice the rate of in situ measurements. Restricting in situ observations to times of SMAP observations does not change the drying timescale, magnitude, or rate. Therefore, observed differences are likely due to differences in sensing depths: SMAP measures shallower soil moisture than in situ probes, especially after rainfall. C1 [Shellito, Peter J.; Small, Eric E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Colliander, Andreas] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bindlish, Rajat; Cosh, Michael H.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Berg, Aaron A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON, Canada. [Bosch, David D.] USDA ARS, Southeast Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Caldwell, Todd G.] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX USA. [Goodrich, David C.] USDA ARS, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [McNairn, Heather] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Prueger, John H.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Starks, Patrick J.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. [van der Velde, Rogier] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands. [Walker, Jeffrey P.] Monash Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Shellito, PJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM peter.shellito@colorado.edu RI Caldwell, Todd/H-5129-2011 OI Caldwell, Todd/0000-0003-4068-0648 FU NASA [NNX13AF43G]; Environment Canada from the Canadian Space Agency FX This research was supported by NASA grant NNX13AF43G. SMAP data on the validation grid were provided by the SMAP passive soil moisture team members: R. Bindlish, S. Chan, T. Jackson, P. O'Neill, and E. Njoku. Precipitation data used in this study were acquired as part of the mission of NASA's Earth Science Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. Thanks to all who have provided high-quality in situ soil moisture data, including Mark Seyfried and the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed; Stan Livingston of the St. Joseph's Experimental Watershed (USDA-Agricultural Research Service); Jose Martinez-Fernandez and the REMEDHUS network; Mahta Moghaddam and the Tonzi Ranch SoilSCAPE project; and Ernesto Lopez-Baeza and the Valencia network. The Kenaston network is supported by Environment Canada from grants from the Canadian Space Agency; Tracy Rowlandson and Erica Tetlock are acknowledged for their work with the network. The data used are listed and provided in the supporting information. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 15 BP 8068 EP 8075 DI 10.1002/2016GL069946 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DV9VM UT WOS:000383290300033 ER PT J AU Colgan, W Machguth, H MacFerrin, M Colgan, JD van As, D MacGregor, JA AF Colgan, William Machguth, Horst MacFerrin, Mike Colgan, Jeff D. van As, Dirk MacGregor, Joseph A. TI The abandoned ice sheet base at Camp Century, Greenland, in a warming climate SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Camp Century; Greenland; ice sheet ID MELTWATER STORAGE; SECURITY; FIRN AB In 1959 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers built Camp Century beneath the surface of the northwestern Greenland Ice Sheet. There they studied the feasibility of deploying ballistic missiles within the ice sheet. The base and its wastes were abandoned with minimal decommissioning in 1967, under the assumption they would be preserved for eternity by perpetually accumulating snowfall. Here we show that a transition in ice sheet surface mass balance at Camp Century from net accumulation to net ablation is plausible within the next 75years, under a business-as-usual anthropogenic emissions scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5). Net ablation would guarantee the eventual remobilization of physical, chemical, biological, and radiological wastes abandoned at the site. While Camp Century and four other contemporaneous ice sheet bases were legally established under a Danish-U.S. treaty, the potential remobilization of their abandoned wastes, previously regarded as sequestered, represents an entirely new pathway of political dispute resulting from climate change. C1 [Colgan, William] York Univ, Lassonde Sch Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Colgan, William; MacFerrin, Mike] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Machguth, Horst] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland. [Machguth, Horst] Univ Fribourg, Dept Geosci, Fribourg, Switzerland. [Colgan, Jeff D.] Brown Univ, Watson Inst, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [van As, Dirk] Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland, Dept Glaciol & Climate, Copenhagen, Denmark. [MacGregor, Joseph A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab Code 615, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Colgan, W (reprint author), York Univ, Lassonde Sch Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Colgan, W (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM colgan@yorku.ca RI Colgan, William/H-1570-2014 OI Colgan, William/0000-0001-6334-1660 NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 15 BP 8091 EP 8096 DI 10.1002/2016GL069688 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DV9VM UT WOS:000383290300036 ER PT J AU Kwok, R Cunningham, GF AF Kwok, R. Cunningham, G. F. TI Contributions of growth and deformation to monthly variability in sea ice thickness north of the coasts of Greenland and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sea ice; deformation; growth; Arctic Ocean ID FREEBOARD; VOLUME; RADAR AB Regional variability in monthly CryoSat-2 sea ice thickness is partitioned into contributions from dynamics and thermodynamics using ice deformation calculated from large-scale ice drift. For five winters (December to April, 2011-2015), over a region of persistent convergence north of the coasts of Greenland and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, deformation explains similar to 34% of the overall variance (up to 69% in 2014/2015) in monthly thickness changes. Approximately 42-56% (or similar to 0.6m) of the seasonal changes in mean regional ice thickness can be attributed to divergence and shear. The estimated area-averaged growth of 0.120.03m/month compares favorably with measurements from ice mass balance buoys. Examination of the time-variable thickness distributions shows areas covered by ice <3m are reduced, while areas of thicker ice (>3m) increased. Albeit at fairly coarse resolution, this coupled analysis of thickness changes and deformation offered a first look at the character of the regional thickness redistribution process. C1 [Kwok, R.; Cunningham, G. F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kwok, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ron.kwok@jpl.nasa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 15 BP 8097 EP 8105 DI 10.1002/2016GL069333 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DV9VM UT WOS:000383290300037 ER PT J AU Ray, RD Susanto, RD AF Ray, Richard D. Susanto, R. Dwi TI Tidal mixing signatures in the Indonesian seas from high-resolution sea surface temperature data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tidal mixing; sea surface temperatures ID SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; PILOT PROJECT; SULU SEA; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; THROUGHFLOW; ARCHIPELAGO; MODULATION; CALIFORNIA; OKHOTSK AB The presence of significant tidal mixing in the Indonesian seas is well established from both observations and numerical modeling. One indicator is a clear spring-neap cycle in satellite sea surface temperature (SST) measurements, as first shown by Ffield and Gordon. Their early results are here updated with SST data of considerably higher spatial and temporal resolution. The largest fortnightly signals are found to be localized to relatively small straits, channels, and sills, while the deep basin of the Banda Sea displays little significant signal. A broader region of somewhat enhanced signal surrounds the Seram Sea. The high resolution of the modern SST data is especially critical for mapping the complex fortnightly signals that arise in, and especially south of, the major straits of the Lesser Sunda Island chain. C1 [Ray, Richard D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Susanto, R. Dwi] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Susanto, R. Dwi] Surya Univ, Ctr Oceanog & Marine Technol, Tangerang, Indonesia. RP Ray, RD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM richard.ray@nasa.gov RI Ray, Richard/D-1034-2012 FU Physical Oceanography program of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank Arnold Gordon for fruitful discussions and two reviewers for useful comments. This work was supported by the Physical Oceanography program of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Group for High-Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Multiscale Ultrahigh Resolution (MUR) SST data were obtained from the NASA EOSDIS Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 15 BP 8115 EP 8123 DI 10.1002/2016GL069485 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DV9VM UT WOS:000383290300039 ER PT J AU Winchell, TS Barnard, DM Monson, RK Burns, SP Molotch, NP AF Winchell, Taylor S. Barnard, David M. Monson, Russell K. Burns, Sean P. Molotch, Noah P. TI Earlier snowmelt reduces atmospheric carbon uptake in midlatitude subalpine forests SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE net ecosystem exchange; snow ablation period; carbon uptake ID ECOSYSTEM CO2 EXCHANGE; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; HIGH-ELEVATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; WATER AVAILABILITY; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; AUTUMN; TRENDS AB Previous work demonstrates conflicting evidence regarding the influence of snowmelt timing on forest net ecosystem exchange (NEE). Based on 15years of eddy covariance measurements in Colorado, years with earlier snowmelt exhibited less net carbon uptake during the snow ablation period, which is a period of high potential for productivity. Earlier snowmelt aligned with colder periods of the seasonal air temperature cycle relative to later snowmelt. We found that the colder ablation-period air temperatures during these early snowmelt years lead to reduced rates of daily NEE. Hence, earlier snowmelt associated with climate warming, counterintuitively, leads to colder atmospheric temperatures during the snow ablation period and concomitantly reduced rates of net carbon uptake. Using a multilinear-regression (R-2=0.79, P<0.001) relating snow ablation period mean air temperature and peak snow water equivalent (SWE) to ablation-period NEE, we predict that earlier snowmelt and decreased SWE may cause a 45% reduction in midcentury ablation-period net carbon uptake. C1 [Winchell, Taylor S.; Barnard, David M.; Molotch, Noah P.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Winchell, Taylor S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Monson, Russell K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. [Monson, Russell K.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Burns, Sean P.; Molotch, Noah P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Burns, Sean P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Molotch, Noah P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Winchell, TS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Winchell, TS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM taylor.winchell@colorado.edu RI Molotch, Noah/C-8576-2009 FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship (NSF) [DGE 1144083]; NSF-U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) joint program for Water Sustainability and Climate (USDA) [2012-67003-19802]; NSF Hydrological Sciences Program (NSF) [EAR1141764]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); USDA; NSF Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research program; DOE Office of Science through the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [7094866] FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship (NSF grant DGE 1144083), the NSF-U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) joint program for Water Sustainability and Climate (USDA grant: 2012-67003-19802), and the NSF Hydrological Sciences Program (NSF Grant: EAR1141764). Data collection was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the USDA, and the NSF Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research program. The US-NR1 AmeriFlux site is supported by the DOE Office of Science through the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under award 7094866. We offer thanks to Peter Blanken and all others involved in the AmeriFlux data collection efforts. Additionally, we are very thankful to David Schimel and one anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews of the manuscript. All data used are listed in the supporting information and can be found at http://urquell.colorado.edu/data_ameriflux/ and http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/nwcc/site?sitenum=663. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 15 BP 8160 EP 8168 DI 10.1002/2016GL069769 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DV9VM UT WOS:000383290300044 ER PT J AU Geller, MA Zhou, TH Yuan, W AF Geller, Marvin A. Zhou, Tiehan Yuan, Wei TI The QBO, gravity waves forced by tropical convection, and ENSO SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE QBO amplitudes and periods; gravity waves forced by tropical convection; ENSO ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; MODEL; STRATOSPHERE AB By means of theory, a simplified cartoon illustrating wave forcing of the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), and general circulation modeling of the QBO, it is argued that the period of the QBO is mainly controlled by the magnitude of the gravity wave (GW) vertical fluxes of horizontal momentum (GWMF) forcing the QBO, while the QBO amplitude is mainly determined by the phase speeds of the GWs that make up this momentum flux. It is furthermore argued that it is the zonally averaged GWMF that principally determines the QBO period irrespective of the longitudinal distribution of this GW momentum flux. These concepts are used to develop a hypothesis for the cause of a previously reported El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modulation of QBO periods and amplitudes. Some observational evidence is reported for the ENSO modulation of QBO amplitudes to have been different before the 1980s than after about 1990. A hypothesis is also given to explain this in terms of the different ENSO modulation of tropical deep convection that took place before the 1980s from that which occurred after about 1990. The observational evidence, while consistent with our hypotheses, does not prove that our hypotheses are correct given the small number of El Ninos and La Ninas that occurred in the early and later periods. Further research is needed to support or refute our hypotheses. C1 [Geller, Marvin A.; Yuan, Wei] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Zhou, Tiehan] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Geller, MA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM marvin.geller@stonybrook.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0836539, ATM-1101258]; NASA's Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) Program FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grants ATM-0836539 and ATM-1101258 and by the NASA's Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) Program. The model results were made possible by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. Data from the GISS climate model are available from Tiehan Zhou (tz2131@columbia.edu). The authors acknowledge four very helpful anonymous reviews, which resulted in a significantly improved paper. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 15 BP 8886 EP 8895 DI 10.1002/2015JD024125 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW0ZN UT WOS:000383372400009 ER PT J AU Toth, TD Zhang, JL Campbell, JR Reid, JS Vaughan, MA AF Toth, Travis D. Zhang, Jianglong Campbell, James R. Reid, Jeffrey S. Vaughan, Mark A. TI Temporal variability of aerosol optical thickness vertical distribution observed from CALIOP SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol ID LONG-TERM TREND; DATA-ASSIMILATION; DEPTH RETRIEVALS; MODIS-AQUA; AERONET; CALIPSO; PRODUCTS; LAND; MISR; DUST AB Temporal variability in the vertical distribution of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) derived from the 0.532 mu m aerosol extinction coefficient is described using Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) observations over 8.5years (June 2006 to December 2014). Temporal variability of CALIOP column-integrated AOT is largely consistent with total column AOT trends from several passive satellite sensors, such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer, and the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor. Globally, a 0.0002 AOT per year positive trend in deseasonalized CALIOP total column AOT for daytime conditions is attributed to corresponding changes in near-surface (i.e., 0.0-0.5km or 0.5-1.0km above ground level (agl)) aerosol particle loading, while a -0.0006 AOT per year trend during nighttime is attributed to elevated (i.e., 1.0-2.0km or >2.0km agl) aerosols. Regionally, increasing daytime CALIOP AOTs are found over Southern Africa and India, mostly due to changes in aerosol loading at the 1.0-2.0km and 0.0-0.5km agl layers, respectively. Decreasing daytime CALIOP AOTs are observed over Northern Africa, Eastern U.S., and South America (due mostly to elevated aerosol loading), while the negative CALIOP AOT trends found over Eastern China, Europe, and Western U.S. are due mostly to aerosol layers nearer the surface. To our knowledge, this study is the first to provide both a globally comprehensive estimation of the temporal variation in aerosol vertical distribution and an insight into passive sensor column AOT trends in the vertical domain. C1 [Toth, Travis D.; Zhang, Jianglong] Univ North Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Campbell, James R.; Reid, Jeffrey S.] Naval Res Lab, Aerosol & Radiat Sci Sect, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Vaughan, Mark A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Toth, TD (reprint author), Univ North Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. EM travis.toth@und.edu RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 FU Office of Naval Research [322]; NASA [NNX14AJ13G, IAARPO201422] FX This research was funded through the support of the Office of Naval Research Code 322. Author J.Z. and T.D.T. acknowledge the support from NASA grant NNX14AJ13G. Author J.R.C. acknowledges the support of the NASA Interagency Agreement IAARPO201422 on behalf of the CALIPSO Science Team. CALIPSO data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center (eos-web.larc.nasa.gov). MODIS data were obtained from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov). AERONET data were obtained from the project website (aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov). We acknowledge the AERONET program, and the contributing principal investigators and their staff, for coordinating the sites and data used for this investigation. We thank Jason Tackett for his guidance with the Level 3.0 aerosol profile data and Chip Trepte for his suggestions in improving this work. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 15 BP 9117 EP 9139 DI 10.1002/2015JD024668 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW0ZN UT WOS:000383372400022 ER PT J AU Gautam, R Gatebe, CK Singh, MK Varnai, T Poudyal, R AF Gautam, Ritesh Gatebe, Charles K. Singh, Manoj K. Varnai, Tamas Poudyal, Rajesh TI Radiative characteristics of clouds embedded in smoke derived from airborne multiangular measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol; cloud; remote sensing; radiative interactions ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; ABSORBING AEROSOLS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; SOUTHEAST ATLANTIC; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; MODIS; RETRIEVAL; LAYERS; ABSORPTION; SCATTERING AB Clouds in the presence of absorbing aerosols result in their apparent darkening, observed at the top of atmosphere (TOA), which is associated with the radiative effects of aerosol absorption. Owing to the large radiative effect and potential impacts on regional climate, above-cloud aerosols have recently been characterized in multiple satellite-based studies. While satellite data are particularly useful in showing the radiative impact of above-cloud aerosols at the TOA, recent literature indicates large uncertainties in satellite retrievals of above-cloud aerosol optical depth (AOD) and single scattering albedo (SSA), which are among the most important parameters in the assessment of associated radiative effects. In this study, we analyze radiative characteristics of clouds in the presence of wildfire smoke using airborne data primarily from NASA's Cloud Absorption Radiometer, collected during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites campaign in Canada during the 2008 summer season. We found a strong positive reflectance (R) gradient in the UV-visible (VIS)-near infrared (NIR) spectrum for clouds embedded in dense smoke, as opposed to an (expected) negative gradient for cloud-free smoke and a flat spectrum for smoke-free cloud cover. Several cases of clouds embedded in thick smoke were found, when the aircraft made circular/spiral measurements, which not only allowed the complete characterization of angular distribution of smoke scattering but also provided the vertical distribution of smoke and clouds (within 0.5-5km). Specifically, the largest darkening by smoke was found in the UV/VIS, with R-0.34m reducing to 0.2 (or 20%), in contrast to 0.8 at NIR wavelengths (e.g., 1.27 mu m). The observed darkening is associated with large AODs (0.5-3.0) and moderately low SSA (0.85-0.93 at 0.53 mu m), resulting in a significantly large instantaneous aerosol forcing efficiency of 25447Wm(-2-1). Our observations of smoke-cloud radiative interactions were found to be physically consistent with theoretical plane-parallel 1-D and Monte Carlo 3-D radiative transfer calculations, capturing the observed gradient across UV-VIS-NIR. Results from this study offer insights into aerosol-cloud radiative interactions and may help in better constraining satellite retrieval algorithms. C1 [Gautam, Ritesh; Singh, Manoj K.] Indian Inst Technol, Ctr Studies Resources Engn, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. [Gautam, Ritesh] Indian Inst Technol, Interdisciplinary Program Climate Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. [Gatebe, Charles K.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Gatebe, Charles K.; Varnai, Tamas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Varnai, Tamas] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Poudyal, Rajesh] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Gautam, R (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Ctr Studies Resources Engn, Bombay, Maharashtra, India.; Gautam, R (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Interdisciplinary Program Climate Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. EM rgautam@iitb.ac.in FU NASA Radiation Sciences program FX This research is supported by NASA Radiation Sciences program, managed by Hal Maring. We are grateful to several instrument Principal Investigators for the provision of airborne data used in this study: Jens Redemann/NASA ARC (spectral AOD data from AATS measurements), Anthony Bucholtz/NRL, Monterey (solar radiation flux data from BBR measurements), and Antony Clarke/University of Hawaii (in situ aerosol optical properties). Data sets used in this paper are available from the ARCTAS data archive at http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/arctas/arctas.html and CAR data archive at http://car.gsfc.nasa.gov/. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions which helped improve an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 15 BP 9140 EP 9152 DI 10.1002/2016JD025309 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW0ZN UT WOS:000383372400023 ER PT J AU Bardeen, CG Marsh, DR Jackman, CH Hervig, ME Randall, CE AF Bardeen, C. G. Marsh, D. R. Jackman, C. H. Hervig, M. E. Randall, C. E. TI Impact of the January 2012 solar proton event on polar mesospheric clouds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE solar proton event; polar mesospheric cloud; noctilucent cloud; CIPS; SOFIE; WACCM ID NITRIC-OXIDE; MODEL; OZONE; ICE AB We use data from the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere mission and simulations using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model to determine the impact of the 23-30 January 2012 solar proton event (SPE) on polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) and mesospheric water vapor. We see a small heating and loss of ice mass on 26 January that is consistent with prior results but is not statistically significant. We also find a previously unreported but statistically significant similar to 10% increase in ice mass and in water vapor in the sublimation area in the model that occurs in the 7 to 14days following the start of the event. The magnitude of the response to the January 2012 SPE is small compared to other sources of variability like gravity waves and planetary waves; however, sensitivity tests suggest that with larger SPEs this delayed increase in ice mass will increase, while there is little change in the loss of ice mass early in the event. The PMC response to SPEs in models is dependent on the gravity wave parameterization, and temperature anomalies from SPEs may be useful in evaluating and tuning gravity wave parameterizations. C1 [Bardeen, C. G.; Marsh, D. R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jackman, C. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Hervig, M. E.] GATS Inc, Driggs, ID USA. [Randall, C. E.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Randall, C. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bardeen, CG (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM bardeenc@ucar.edu RI Marsh, Daniel/A-8406-2008; Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Marsh, Daniel/0000-0001-6699-494X; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 FU NASA Living With a Star Targeted Research and Technology program [10-LWSTRT10-0109]; AIM program; NASA through the Small Explorer program [NAS5-03132]; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy FX Funding for C. Bardeen, C. Jackman, and D. Marsh is from the NASA Living With a Star Targeted Research and Technology program, grant 10-LWSTRT10-0109. Funding for C. Randall and M. Hervig is from the AIM program. AIM is funded by NASA through the Small Explorer program under contract NAS5-03132. The CIPS and SOFIE observations, including documentation and software for reading the data, are available at the AIM website, aim.hamptonu.edu. SOFIE data are also available at the GATS website, sofie.gats-inc.com. Model data will be made available upon request to bardeenc@ucar.edu. We thank the AIM mission operations and data processing teams for their excellent support. Computing resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center. The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 15 BP 9165 EP 9173 DI 10.1002/2016JD024820 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW0ZN UT WOS:000383372400025 ER PT J AU Thompson, DR McCubbin, I Gao, BC Green, RO Matthews, AA Mei, F Meyer, KG Platnick, S Schmid, B Tomlinson, J Wilcox, E AF Thompson, David R. McCubbin, Ian Gao, Bo Cai Green, Robert O. Matthews, Alyssa A. Mei, Fan Meyer, Kerry G. Platnick, Steven Schmid, Beat Tomlinson, Jason Wilcox, Eric TI Measuring cloud thermodynamic phase with shortwave infrared imaging spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE imaging spectroscopy; remote sensing; cloud phase; shortwave infrared; AVIRIS-C; Arm Airborne Facility ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SPECTROMETER DATA; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; LIQUID WATER; MU-M; ICE; AIRBORNE; RETRIEVAL; WAVELENGTHS AB Shortwave Infrared imaging spectroscopy enables accurate remote mapping of cloud thermodynamic phase at high spatial resolution. We describe a measurement strategy to exploit signatures of liquid and ice absorption in cloud top apparent reflectance spectra from 1.4 to 1.8m. This signal is generally insensitive to confounding factors such as solar angles, view angles, and surface albedo. We first evaluate the approach in simulation and then apply it to airborne data acquired in the Calwater-2/ACAPEX campaign of Winter 2015. Here NASA's Classic Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-C) remotely observed diverse cloud formations while the U.S. Department of Energy ARM Aerial Facility G-1 aircraft measured cloud integral and microphysical properties in situ. The coincident measurements demonstrate good separation of the thermodynamic phases for relatively homogeneous clouds. C1 [Thompson, David R.; McCubbin, Ian; Green, Robert O.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [McCubbin, Ian; Wilcox, Eric] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. [Gao, Bo Cai] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Matthews, Alyssa A.; Mei, Fan; Schmid, Beat; Tomlinson, Jason] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Meyer, Kerry G.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD USA. [Meyer, Kerry G.; Platnick, Steven] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenland, MD USA. RP Thompson, DR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM david.r.thompson@jpl.nasa.gov RI Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016; OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200; Thompson, David/0000-0003-1100-7550 FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Department of Energy; Scripps Institute for Oceanography; California Energy Commission FX The data used in this paper are available from http://aviris.jpl.nasa.gov/publications/. The research described in this paper was performed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Copyright 2016 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. We appreciate the vital assistance of the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program and the ARM Airborne Facility (AAF) team. We specifically acknowledge the WCM-2000 sensor team including John Hubbe (deployment and calibration). We also acknowledge and thank Jennifer Comstock of PNNL and Chris Roden of SPEC. David Diner and Felix Seidel led the ER-2 observations and coordinated the AAF and the ER-2 flights. We thank the ER-2 aircraft team at the NASA Armstrong Flight Research Laboratory, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory AVIRIS-C instrument team including Michael Eastwood, Chuck Sarture, Scott Nolte, Mark Helmlinger, Sarah Lundeen, and others. We acknowledge the help and support of NASA Earth Science and the joint Calwater-2/ACAPEX investigation sponsored by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, the Department of Energy, Scripps Institute for Oceanography, and the California Energy Commission. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 15 BP 9174 EP 9190 DI 10.1002/2016JD024999 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW0ZN UT WOS:000383372400026 ER PT J AU Dammers, E Palm, M Van Damme, M Vigouroux, C Smale, D Conway, S Toon, GC Jones, N Nussbaumer, E Warneke, T Petri, C Clarisse, L Clerbaux, C Hermans, C Lutsch, E Strong, K Hannigan, JW Nakajima, H Morino, I Herrera, B Stremme, W Grutter, M Schaap, M Kruit, RJW Notholt, J Coheur, PF Erisman, JW AF Dammers, Enrico Palm, Mathias Van Damme, Martin Vigouroux, Corinne Smale, Dan Conway, Stephanie Toon, Geoffrey C. Jones, Nicholas Nussbaumer, Eric Warneke, Thorsten Petri, Christof Clarisse, Lieven Clerbaux, Cathy Hermans, Christian Lutsch, Erik Strong, Kim Hannigan, James W. Nakajima, Hideaki Morino, Isamu Herrera, Beatriz Stremme, Wolfgang Grutter, Michel Schaap, Martijn Kruit, Roy J. Wichink Notholt, Justus Coheur, Pierre-F. Erisman, Jan Willem TI An evaluation of IASI-NH3 with ground-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA NH3; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; FTIR MEASUREMENTS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTIONS; TROPOSPHERIC AMMONIA; REACTIVE NITROGEN; UNITED-STATES; TES AMMONIA AB Global distributions of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) measured with satellite instruments such as the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) contain valuable information on NH3 concentrations and variability in regions not yet covered by ground-based instruments. Due to their large spatial coverage and (bi-)daily overpasses, the satellite observations have the potential to increase our knowledge of the distribution of NH3 emissions and associated seasonal cycles. However the observations remain poorly validated, with only a handful of available studies often using only surface measurements without any vertical information. In this study, we present the first validation of the IASI-NH3 product using ground-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) observations. Using a recently developed consistent retrieval strategy, NH3 concentration profiles have been retrieved using observations from nine Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) stations around the world between 2008 and 2015. We demonstrate the importance of strict spatiotemporal collocation criteria for the comparison. Large differences in the regression results are observed for changing intervals of spatial criteria, mostly due to terrain characteristics and the short lifetime of NH3 in the atmosphere. The seasonal variations of both datasets are consistent for most sites. Correlations are found to be high at sites in areas with considerable NH3 levels, whereas correlations are lower at sites with low atmospheric NH3 levels close to the detection limit of the IASI instrument. A combination of the observations from all sites (N-obs = 547) give a mean relative difference of -32.4 +/- (56.3) %, a correlation r of 0.8 with a slope of 0.73. These results give an improved estimate of the IASI-NH3 product performance compared to the previous upper-bound estimates (-50 to + 100 %). C1 [Dammers, Enrico; Van Damme, Martin; Erisman, Jan Willem] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Cluster Earth & Climate, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Palm, Mathias; Warneke, Thorsten; Petri, Christof; Notholt, Justus] Univ Bremen, Inst Umweltphys, Bremen, Germany. [Van Damme, Martin; Clarisse, Lieven; Clerbaux, Cathy; Coheur, Pierre-F.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Spect Atmosphere, Brussels, Belgium. [Vigouroux, Corinne; Hermans, Christian] Royal Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium. [Smale, Dan] Natl Inst Water & Atmosphere, Lauder, New Zealand. [Conway, Stephanie; Lutsch, Erik; Strong, Kim] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Toon, Geoffrey C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Jones, Nicholas] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Nussbaumer, Eric; Hannigan, James W.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Nakajima, Hideaki] NIES, Atmospher Environm Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Morino, Isamu] Natl Inst Environm Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Herrera, Beatriz; Stremme, Wolfgang; Grutter, Michel] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Schaap, Martijn] TNO Built Environm & Geosci, Dept Air Qual & Climate, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Kruit, Roy J. Wichink] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Erisman, Jan Willem] Louis Bolk Inst, Driebergen, Netherlands. RP Dammers, E (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Cluster Earth & Climate, Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM e.dammers@vu.nl RI Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016 OI Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X FU Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) [GO/12-36]; New Zealand government's core research grant framework from the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; CNRS [LACy-UMR8105, UMS3365]; CAFTON project - Canadian Space Agency's FAST programme; NASA; Belgian Science Policy Office through the IASI Flow Prodex arrangement; FRS-FNRS; CNES; National Science Foundation; Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Division of NCAR; Australian Research Council [DP110101948, LE0668470]; UNAM-DGAPA [109914]; CONACYT [249374, 239618] FX This work is part of the research programme GO/12-36, which is financed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). The Lauder NIWA FTIR programme is funded through the New Zealand government's core research grant framework from the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. We thank the Lauder FTIR team for their contribution. We acknowledge the Universite de La Reunion and CNRS (LACy-UMR8105 and UMS3365) for their support of the Reunion Island measurements. The Reunion Island data analysis has mainly been supported by the A3C project (PRODEX Programme of the Belgian Science Policy Office, BELSPO, Brussels). The University of Toronto's NDACC contribution has been supported by the CAFTON project, funded by the Canadian Space Agency's FAST programme. Measurements were made at the University of Toronto Atmospheric Observatory (TAO), which has been supported by CF-CAS, ABB Bomem, CFI, CSA, EC, NSERC, ORDCF, PREA, and the University of Toronto. Part of this research was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. IASI has been developed and built under the responsibility of the "Centre national d'etudes spatiales" (CNES, France). It is flown on-board the Metop satellites as part of the EU-METSAT Polar System. The IASI L1 data were received through the EUMETCast near-real-time data distribution service.; The IASI-related activities in Belgium were funded by Belgian Science Policy Office through the IASI Flow Prodex arrangement (2014-2018). Pierre.-F. Coheur, Lieven Clarisse, and Martin Van Damme also thank the FRS-FNRS for financial support. Lieven Clarisse is a research associate with the Belgian F.R.S-FNRS. Cathy Clerbaux is grateful to CNES for scientific collaboration and financial support. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation. The Boulder observation programme is supported in part by the Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Division of NCAR. The measurement programme and NDACC site at Wollongong have been supported by the Australian Research Council for many years, most recently by grants DP110101948 and LE0668470. The Mexico City site was funded through projects UNAM-DGAPA (109914) and CONACYT (249374, 239618). A. Bezanilla, J. Baylon, and E. Plaza are acknowledged for their participation in the measurements and analysis. We would like to thank David Griffith, Clare Murphy, and Voltaire Velazco at the School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, for maintaining Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTS) instrumentation and conducting FTS measurements. We are grateful to the many colleagues who have contributed to FTIR data acquisition at the various sites. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 16 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 16 BP 10351 EP 10368 DI 10.5194/acp-16-10351-2016 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV8PJ UT WOS:000383198600003 ER PT J AU Smith, DD Luckay, HA Chang, H Myneni, K AF Smith, David D. Luckay, H. A. Chang, Hongrok Myneni, Krishna TI Quantum-noise-limited sensitivity enhancement of a passive optical cavity by a fast-light medium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE DETECTORS; RING-RESONATOR; INTERFEROMETERS AB We demonstrate that for a passive optical cavity containing a dispersive atomic medium, the increase in scale factor near the critical anomalous dispersion is not canceled by mode broadening or attenuation, resulting in an overall increase in the predicted quantum-noise-limited sensitivity. Enhancements of over two orders of magnitude are measured in the scale factor, which translates to greater than an order-of-magnitude enhancement in the predicted quantum-noise-limited measurement precision, by temperature-tuning a low-pressure vapor of noninteracting atoms in a low-finesse cavity close to the critical anomalous dispersion condition. The predicted enhancement in sensitivity is confirmed through Monte Carlo numerical simulations. C1 [Smith, David D.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Syst Dept, ES34, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Luckay, H. A.] Torch Technol, 4035 Chris Dr,Suite C, Huntsville, AL 35802 USA. [Chang, Hongrok] Gen Atom Electromagnet Syst, 678 Discovery Dr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Myneni, Krishna] US Army, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, RDMR WDS MRI, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Smith, DD (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Syst Dept, ES34, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM david.d.smith@nasa.gov FU NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate Game Changing Development Office; U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) Missile ST Program FX This work was sponsored by the NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate Game Changing Development Office as well as the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) Missile S&T Program. H. A. Luckay was affiliated with Jacobs ESSSA Group, Jacobs Technology Inc., while performing the majority of this work. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 16 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 2 AR 023828 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.023828 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DT4TE UT WOS:000381473100002 ER PT J AU Field, RD van der Werf, GR Fanin, T Fetzer, EJ Fuller, R Jethva, H Levy, R Livesey, NJ Luo, M Torres, O Worden, HM AF Field, Robert D. van der Werf, Guido R. Fanin, Thierry Fetzer, Eric J. Fuller, Ryan Jethva, Hiren Levy, Robert Livesey, Nathaniel J. Luo, Ming Torres, Omar Worden, Helen M. TI Indonesian fire activity and smoke pollution in 2015 show persistent nonlinear sensitivity to El Nino-induced drought SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Indonesia; biomass burning; haze; pollution; El Nino ID SOUTHEAST-ASIA; FOREST-FIRES; PEAT FIRES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TROPICAL PEATLANDS; AEROSOL PRODUCTS; EMISSIONS; MODIS; KALIMANTAN; LAND AB The 2015 fire season and related smoke pollution in Indonesia was more severe than the major 2006 episode, making it the most severe season observed by the NASA Earth Observing System satellites that go back to the early 2000s, namely active fire detections from the Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS), MODIS aerosol optical depth, Terra Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) carbon monoxide (CO), Aqua Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) CO, Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aerosol index, and Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) CO. The MLS CO in the upper troposphere showed a plume of pollution stretching from East Africa to the western Pacific Ocean that persisted for 2 mo. Longer-term records of airport visibility in Sumatra and Kalimantan show that 2015 ranked after 1997 and alongside 1991 and 1994 as among the worst episodes on record. Analysis of yearly dry season rainfall from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) and rain gauges shows that, due to the continued use of fire to clear and prepare land on degraded peat, the Indonesian fire environment continues to have nonlinear sensitivity to dry conditions during prolonged periods with less than 4 mm/d of precipitation, and this sensitivity appears to have increased over Kalimantan. Without significant reforms in land use and the adoption of early warning triggers tied to precipitation forecasts, these intense fire episodes will reoccur during future droughts, usually associated with El Nino events. C1 [Field, Robert D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Field, Robert D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10025 USA. [van der Werf, Guido R.; Fanin, Thierry] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Fetzer, Eric J.; Fuller, Ryan; Livesey, Nathaniel J.; Luo, Ming] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Earth Sci Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Jethva, Hiren; Levy, Robert; Torres, Omar] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jethva, Hiren] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Worden, Helen M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Field, RD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.; Field, RD (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM robert.field@columbia.edu RI Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013 OI Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303 FU NASA Earth Observing System Program; National Science Foundation; NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program; European Research Council; NASA High-End Computing Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation at Goddard Space Flight Center FX The MODIS, MOPITT, AIRS, MLS, and OMI projects are supported by the NASA Earth Observing System Program. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. R.D.F. was supported by the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program and the NASA Precipitation Measurement Missions Science Team, and G.R.v.d.W. and T.F. were supported by the European Research Council. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation at Goddard Space Flight Center. AIRS CO, MODIS AOD, and TRMM precipitation data were obtained from the NASA Giovanni system. All data in the study can be obtained by contacting the lead author. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 34 U2 37 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 16 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 33 BP 9204 EP 9209 DI 10.1073/pnas.1524888113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DT3RS UT WOS:000381399200042 PM 27482096 ER PT J AU Rothschild, LJ AF Rothschild, Lynn J. TI Synthetic biology meets bioprinting: enabling technologies for humans on Mars (and Earth) SO BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE applied microbiology; biological materials; human exploration; synthetic biology ID HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE AB Human exploration off planet is severely limited by the cost of launching materials into space and by resupply. Thus materials brought from Earth must be light, stable and reliable at destination. Using traditional approaches, a lunar or Mars base would require either transporting a hefty store of metals or heavy manufacturing equipment and construction materials for in situ extraction; both would severely limit any other mission objectives. Long-term human space presence requires periodic replenishment, adding a massive cost overhead. Even robotic missions often sacrifice science goals for heavy radiation and thermal protection. Biology has the potential to solve these problems because life can replicate and repair itself, and perform a wide variety of chemical reactions including making food, fuel and materials. Synthetic biology enhances and expands life's evolved repertoire. Using organisms as feedstock, additive manufacturing through bioprinting will make possible the dream of producing bespoke tools, food, smart fabrics and even replacement organs on demand. This new approach and the resulting novel products will enable human exploration and settlement on Mars, while providing new manufacturing approaches for life on Earth. C1 [Rothschild, Lynn J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Rothschild, LJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Lynn.J.Rothschild@nasa.gov FU NASA Ames Research Center Director's Discretionary fund; NASA Headquarters; Brown University; Stanford University; Rhode Island Space [NASA] [NNX10A195H, NNX15AI06H]; Center Innovation Fund; NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts programs; NASA's Advanced Exploration Systems program FX This work was supported by the NASA Ames Research Center Director's Discretionary fund; NASA Headquarters; Brown University; the Stanford University; the Rhode Island Space [NASA Grant NNX10A195H, NASA Grant NNX15AI06H]; the Center Innovation Fund; the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts programs; and the NASA's Advanced Exploration Systems program. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA CHARLES DARWIN HOUSE, 12 ROGER STREET, LONDON WC1N 2JU, ENGLAND SN 0300-5127 EI 1470-8752 J9 BIOCHEM SOC T JI Biochem. Soc. Trans. PD AUG 15 PY 2016 VL 44 BP 1158 EP 1164 DI 10.1042/BST20160067 PN 4 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA EI8BC UT WOS:000392728300024 PM 27528764 ER PT J AU Radebaugh, J Lopes, RM Howell, RR Lorenz, RD Turtle, EP AF Radebaugh, Jani Lopes, Rosaly M. Howell, Robert R. Lorenz, Ralph D. Turtle, Elizabeth P. TI Eruptive behavior of the Marum/Mbwelesu lava lake, Vanuatu and comparisons with lava lakes on Earth and Io SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Marum; Lava lake; Thermal camera; Camcorder; Near-infrared; Remote sensing ID VOLCANIC ACTIVITY; WATER-VAPOR; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; ACTIVE VOLCANISM; GALILEO NIMS; ASO VOLCANO; ISLAND-ARC; MOON IO; PELE; INSTRUMENT AB Observations from field remote sensing of the morphology, kinematics and temperature of the Marum/Mbwelesu lava lake in the Vanuatu archipelago in 2014 reveal a highly active, vigorously erupting lava lake. Active degassing and fountaining observed at the similar to 50 m lava lake led to large areas of fully exposed lavas and rapid (similar to 5 m/s) movement of lava from the centers of upwelling outwards to the lake margins. These rapid lava speeds precluded the formation of thick crust; there was never more than 30% non-translucent crust. The lava lake was observed with several portable, handheld, low-cost, near-infrared imagers, all of which measured temperatures near 1000 degrees C and one as high as 1022 degrees C, consistent with basaltic temperatures. Fine-scale structure in the lava fountains and cooled crust was visible in the near infrared at similar to 5 cm/pixel from 300 m above the lake surface. The temperature distribution across the lake surface is much broader than at more quiescent lava lakes, peaking similar to 850 degrees C, and is attributed to the highly exposed nature of the rapidly circulating lake. This lava lake has many characteristics in common with other active lava lakes, such as Erta Ale in Ethiopia, being confined, persistent and high-temperature; however it was much more active than is typical for Erta Ale, which often has >90% crust. Furthermore, it is a good analogue for the persistent, high-temperature lava lakes contained within volcanic depressions on Jupiter's moon Io, such as Pele, also believed from spacecraft and ground-based observations to exhibit similar behavior of gas emission, rapid overturn and fountaining. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Radebaugh, Jani] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, S-389 ESC, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Lopes, Rosaly M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Howell, Robert R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Lorenz, Ralph D.; Turtle, Elizabeth P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Radebaugh, J (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, S-389 ESC, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM janirad@byu.edu; rosaly.m.lopes@jpl.nasa.gov; rhowell@uwyo.edu; ralph.lorenz@jhuapl.edu; elizabeth.turtle@jhuapl.edu RI Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 FU Brazil's Globo TV; Brigham Young University College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Brigham Young University Department of Geological Sciences FX We would like to thank Brazil's Globo TV (Planeta Extremo series) for their support of this research and field study, and Pascal Guillet at Vanuatu Ecotours for local arrangements and field support. We thank Brigham Young University's College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and Department of Geological Sciences for funding and field support. We thank John Turtle for support of the Canon camera procurement, and technical support at Canon USA for advice on aspects of the camera function. Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2016 VL 322 SI SI BP 105 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.03.019 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EB2MJ UT WOS:000387196200008 ER PT J AU Turtle, EP Lopes, RMC Lorenz, RD Radebaugh, J Howell, RR AF Turtle, E. P. Lopes, R. M. C. Lorenz, R. D. Radebaugh, J. Howell, R. R. TI Temporal behavior and temperatures of Yasur volcano, Vanuatu from field remote sensing observations, May 2014 SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Yasur; Vanuatu; Stratovolcano; Strombolian eruption; MODIS radiance ID STROMBOLIAN EXPLOSIONS; FLUX AB We documented eruption activity at three primary vents at Yasur volcano, Tanna Island, Vanuatu using portable instrumentation in the field over a period of 5 h on 21 May 2014, and acquired aerial images of the craters and vents on 22 May 2014. Although limited in duration, our observations of eruption intervals, durations, temperatures, and speeds of ejected material illustrate the characteristics of the activity at the time at each of the primary vents, providing a useful snapshot of eruption behavior and revealing continued variability at Yasur in comparison to other observation campaigns. Hand-held, high-resolution, near-infrared observations of one of the vents gave peak temperatures of 850 degrees C to 930 degrees C for ejected clasts, with a maximum temperature of 1033 degrees C. These temperatures are significantly higher than previous measurements because exposed lavas could be resolved at timescales less than a second. Our aerial near-infrared images allowed us to estimate the combined area of the active vents within the crater to be similar to 150 m(2), and comparison to MODIS radiance measurements in the same time frame yields temperatures, averaged over the combined vent area, of 530-730 degrees C. In the context of previous observations at Yasur, the activity in May 2014 exhibited lower overall intensity, as well as differences in the nature of the eruptions at the various vents, providing insight regarding the temporal variability of Yasur's activity. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Turtle, E. P.; Lorenz, R. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11,100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Lopes, R. M. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Radebaugh, J.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, S-389 ESC, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Howell, R. R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Turtle, EP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11,100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM elizabeth.turtle@jhuapl.edu; rosaly.m.lopes@jptnasa.gov; ralph.lorenz@jhuapl.edu; janirad@byu.edu; rhowell@uwyo.edu RI Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2016 VL 322 SI SI BP 158 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.02.030 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EB2MJ UT WOS:000387196200011 ER PT J AU Lorenz, RD Turtle, EP Howell, R Radebaugh, J Lopes, RMC AF Lorenz, Ralph D. Turtle, Elizabeth P. Howell, Robert Radebaugh, Jani Lopes, Rosaly M. C. TI The roar of Yasur: Handheld audio recorder monitoring of Vanuatu volcanic vent activity SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Yasur; Vanuatu; Acoustic; Data analysis; Periodicity ID ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS; SHISHALDIN VOLCANO; INFRASOUND; VELOCITY; ALASKA; JETS AB We describe how near-field audio recording using a pocket digital sound recorder can usefully document volcanic activity, demonstrating the approach at Yasur, Vanuatu in May 2014. Prominent emissions peak at 263 Hz, interpreted as an organ-pipe mode. High-pass filtering was found to usefully discriminate volcano vent noise from wind noise, and autocorrelation of the high pass acoustic power reveals a prominent peak in exhalation intervals of similar to 2.5,4 and 8 s, with a number of larger explosive events at similar to 200 s intervals. We suggest that this compact and inexpensive audio instrumentation can usefully supplement other field monitoring such as seismic or infrasound. A simple estimate of acoustic power interpreted with a dipole jet noise model yielded vent velocities too low to be compatible with pyroclast emission, suggesting difficulties with this approach at audio frequencies (perhaps due to acoustic absorption by volcanic gases). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lorenz, Ralph D.; Turtle, Elizabeth P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Howell, Robert] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Radebaugh, Jani] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Lopes, Rosaly M. C.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lorenz, RD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM Ralph.lorenz@jhuapl.edu RI Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2016 VL 322 SI SI BP 168 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.06.019 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EB2MJ UT WOS:000387196200012 ER PT J AU Abbott, BP Abbott, R Abbott, TD Abernathy, MR Acernese, F Ackley, K Adams, C Adams, T Addesso, P Adhikari, RX Adya, VB Affeldt, C Agathos, M Agatsuma, K Aggarwal, N Aguiar, OD Aiello, L Ain, A Ajith, P Allen, B Allocca, A Altin, PA Anderson, SB Anderson, WG Arai, K Araya, MC Arceneaux, CC Areeda, JS Arnaud, N Arun, KG Ascenzi, S Ashton, G Ast, M Aston, SM Astone, P Aufmuth, P Aulbert, C Babak, S Bacon, P Bader, MKM Baker, PT Baldaccini, F Ballardin, G Ballmer, SW Barayoga, JC Barclay, SE Barish, BC Barker, D Barone, F Barr, B Barsotti, L Barsuglia, M Barta, D Bartlett, J Bartos, I Bassiri, R Basti, A Batch, JC Baune, C Bavigadda, V Bazzan, M Bejger, M Bell, AS Berger, BK Bergmann, G Berry, CPL Bersanetti, D Bertolini, A Betzwieser, J Bhagwat, S Bhandare, R Bilenko, IA Billingsley, G Birch, J Birney, R Biscans, S Bisht, A Bitossi, M Biwer, C Bizouard, MA Blackburn, JK Blair, CD Blair, DG Blair, RM Bloemen, S Bock, O Boer, M Bogaert, G Bogan, C Bohe, A Bond, C Bondu, F Bonnand, R Boom, BA Bork, R Boschi, V Bose, S Bouffanais, Y Bozzi, A Bradaschia, C Brady, PR Braginsky, VB Branchesi, M Brau, JE Briant, T Brillet, A Brinkmann, M Brisson, V Brockill, P Broida, JE Brooks, AF Brown, DA Brown, DD Brown, NM Brunett, S Buchanan, CC Buikema, A Bulik, T Bulten, HJ Buonanno, A Buskulic, D Buy, C Byer, RL Cabero, M Cadonati, L Cagnoli, G Cahillane, C Bustillo, JC Callister, T Calloni, E Camp, JB Cannon, KC Cao, J Capano, CD Capocasa, E Carbognani, F Caride, S Diaz, JC Casentini, C Caudill, S Cavaglia, M Cavalier, F Cavalieri, R Cella, G Cepeda, CB Baiardi, LC Cerretani, G Cesarini, E Chan, M Chao, S Charlton, P Chassande-Mottin, E Cheeseboro, BD Chen, HY Chen, Y Cheng, C Chincarini, A Chiummo, A Cho, HS Cho, M Chow, JH Christensen, N Chu, Q Chua, S Chung, S Ciani, G Clara, F Clark, JA Cleva, F Coccia, E Cohadon, PF Colla, A Collette, CG Cominsky, L Constancio, M Conte, A Conti, L Cook, D Corbitt, TR Cornish, N Corsi, A Cortese, S Costa, CA Coughlin, MW Coughlin, SB Coulon, JP Countryman, ST Couvares, P Cowan, EE Coward, DM Cowart, MJ Coyne, DC Coyne, R Craig, K Creighton, JDE Creighton, T Cripe, J Crowder, SG Cumming, A Cunningham, L Cuoco, E Dal Canton, T Danilishin, SL D'Antonio, S Danzmann, K Darman, NS Dasgupta, A Costa, CFDS Dattilo, V Dave, I Davier, M Davies, GS Daw, EJ Day, R De, S Debra, D Debreczeni, G Degallaix, J De Laurentis, M Deleglise, S Del Pozzo, W Denker, T Dent, T Dergachev, V De Rosa, R DeRosa, RT DeSalvo, R Devine, RC Dhurandhar, S Diaz, MC Di Fiore, L Cunningham, L Cuoco, E Dal Canton, T Danilishin, SL D'Antonio, S Danzmann, K Darman, NS Dasgupta, A Costa, CFDS Dattilo, V Dave, I Davier, M Davies, GS Daw, EJ Day, R De, S Debra, D Debreczeni, G Degallaix, J De Laurentis, M Deleglise, S Del Pozzo, W Denker, T Dent, T Dergachev, V De Rosa, R DeRosa, RT DeSalvo, R 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P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abernathy, M. R. Acernese, F. Ackley, K. Adams, C. Adams, T. Addesso, P. Adhikari, R. X. Adya, V. B. Affeldt, C. Agathos, M. Agatsuma, K. Aggarwal, N. Aguiar, O. D. Aiello, L. Ain, A. Ajith, P. Allen, B. Allocca, A. Altin, P. A. Anderson, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Arai, K. Araya, M. C. Arceneaux, C. C. Areeda, J. S. Arnaud, N. Arun, K. G. Ascenzi, S. Ashton, G. Ast, M. Aston, S. M. Astone, P. Aufmuth, P. Aulbert, C. Babak, S. Bacon, P. Bader, M. K. M. Baker, P. T. Baldaccini, F. Ballardin, G. Ballmer, S. W. Barayoga, J. C. Barclay, S. E. Barish, B. C. Barker, D. Barone, F. Barr, B. Barsotti, L. Barsuglia, M. Barta, D. Bartlett, J. Bartos, I. Bassiri, R. Basti, A. Batch, J. C. Baune, C. Bavigadda, V. Bazzan, M. Bejger, M. Bell, A. S. Berger, B. K. Bergmann, G. Berry, C. P. L. Bersanetti, D. Bertolini, A. Betzwieser, J. Bhagwat, S. Bhandare, R. Bilenko, I. A. Billingsley, G. Birch, J. Birney, R. Biscans, S. Bisht, A. Bitossi, M. Biwer, C. Bizouard, M. A. Blackburn, J. K. Blair, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Bloemen, S. Bock, O. Boer, M. Bogaert, G. Bogan, C. Bohe, A. Bond, C. Bondu, F. Bonnand, R. Boom, B. A. Bork, R. Boschi, V. Bose, S. Bouffanais, Y. Bozzi, A. Bradaschia, C. Brady, P. R. Braginsky, V. B. Branchesi, M. Brau, J. E. Briant, T. Brillet, A. Brinkmann, M. Brisson, V. Brockill, P. Broida, J. E. Brooks, A. F. Brown, D. A. Brown, D. D. Brown, N. M. Brunett, S. Buchanan, C. C. Buikema, A. Bulik, T. Bulten, H. J. Buonanno, A. Buskulic, D. Buy, C. Byer, R. L. Cabero, M. Cadonati, L. Cagnoli, G. Cahillane, C. Bustillo, J. Calderon Callister, T. Calloni, E. Camp, J. B. Cannon, K. C. Cao, J. Capano, C. D. Capocasa, E. Carbognani, F. Caride, S. Diaz, J. Casanueva Casentini, C. Caudill, S. Cavaglia, M. Cavalier, F. Cavalieri, R. Cella, G. Cepeda, C. B. Baiardi, L. Cerboni Cerretani, G. Cesarini, E. Chan, M. Chao, S. Charlton, P. Chassande-Mottin, E. Cheeseboro, B. D. Chen, H. Y. Chen, Y. Cheng, C. Chincarini, A. Chiummo, A. 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Fisher, R. P. Flaminio, R. Fletcher, M. Fournier, J. -D. Frasca, S. Frasconi, F. Frei, Z. Freise, A. Frey, R. Frey, V. Fritschel, P. Frolov, V. V. Fulda, P. Fyffe, M. Gabbard, H. A. G. Gair, J. R. Gammaitoni, L. Gaonkar, S. G. Garufi, F. Gaur, G. Gehrels, N. Gemme, G. Geng, P. Genin, E. Gennai, A. George, J. Gergely, L. Germain, V. Ghosh, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, S. Giaime, J. A. Giardina, K. D. Giazotto, A. Gill, K. Glaefke, A. Goetz, E. Goetz, R. Gondan, L. Gonzalez, G. Castro, J. M. Gonzalez Gopakumar, A. Gordon, N. A. Gorodetsky, M. L. Gossan, S. E. Gosselin, M. Gouaty, R. Grado, A. Graef, C. Graff, P. B. Granata, M. Grant, A. Gras, S. Gray, C. Greco, G. Green, A. C. Groot, P. Grote, H. Grunewald, S. Guidi, G. M. Guo, X. Gupta, A. Gupta, M. K. Gushwa, K. E. Gustafson, E. K. Gustafson, R. Hacker, J. J. Hall, B. R. Hall, E. D. Hammond, G. Haney, M. Hanke, M. M. Hanks, J. Hanna, C. Hannam, M. D. Hanson, J. Hardwick, T. Harms, J. Harry, G. M. Harry, I. W. Hart, M. J. 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Kim, Chi-Woong Kim, Chunglee Kim, J. Kim, K. Kim, N. Kim, W. Kim, Y. -M. Kimbrell, S. J. King, E. J. King, P. J. Kissel, J. S. Klein, B. Kleybolte, L. Klimenko, S. Koehlenbeck, S. M. Koley, S. Kondrashov, V. Kontos, A. Korobko, M. Korth, W. Z. Kowalska, I. Kozak, D. B. Kringel, V. Krishnan, B. Krolak, A. Krueger, C. Kuehn, G. Kumar, P. Kumar, R. Kuo, L. Kutynia, A. Lackey, B. D. Landry, M. Lange, J. Lantz, B. Lasky, P. D. Laxen, M. Lazzarini, A. Lazzaro, C. Leaci, P. Leavey, S. Lebigot, E. O. Lee, C. H. Lee, H. K. Lee, H. M. Lee, K. Lenon, A. Leonardi, M. Leong, J. R. Leroy, N. Letendre, N. Levin, Y. Lewis, J. B. Li, T. G. F. Libson, A. Littenberg, T. B. Lockerbie, N. A. Lombardi, A. L. London, L. T. Lord, J. E. Lorenzini, M. Loriette, V. Lormand, M. Losurdo, G. Lough, J. D. Lueck, H. Lundgren, A. P. Lynch, R. Ma, Y. Machenschalk, B. MacInnis, M. Macleod, D. M. Magana-Sandoval, F. Zertuche, L. Magana Magee, R. M. Majorana, E. Maksimovic, I. Malvezzi, V. Man, N. Mandel, I. Mandic, V. Mangano, V. Mansell, G. L. Manske, M. Mantovani, M. Marchesoni, F. Marion, F. Marka, S. Marka, Z. Markosyan, A. S. Maros, E. Martelli, F. Martellini, L. Martin, I. W. Martynov, D. V. Marx, J. N. Mason, K. Masserot, A. Massinger, T. J. Masso-Reid, M. Mastrogiovanni, S. Matichard, F. Matone, L. Mavalvala, N. Mazumder, N. McCarthy, R. McClelland, D. E. McCormick, S. McGuire, S. C. McIntyre, G. McIver, J. McManus, D. J. McRae, T. McWilliams, S. T. Meacher, D. Meadors, G. D. Meidam, J. Melatos, A. Mendell, G. Mercer, R. A. Merilh, E. L. Merzougui, M. Meshkov, S. Messenger, C. Messick, C. Metzdorff, R. Meyers, P. M. Mezzani, F. Miao, H. Michel, C. Middleton, H. Mikhailov, E. E. Milano, L. Miller, A. L. Miller, A. Miller, B. B. Miller, J. Millhouse, M. Minenkov, Y. Ming, J. Mirshekari, S. Mishra, C. Mitra, S. Mitrofanov, V. P. Mitselmakher, G. Mittleman, R. Moggi, A. Mohan, M. Mohapatra, S. R. P. Montani, M. Moore, B. C. Moore, C. J. Moraru, D. Moreno, G. Morriss, S. R. Mossavi, K. Mours, B. 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Sathyaprakash, B. S. Saulson, P. R. Sauter, O. E. S. Savage, R. L. Sawadsky, A. Schale, P. Schilling, R. Schmidt, J. Schmidt, P. Schnabel, R. Schofield, R. M. S. Schoenbeck, A. Schreiber, E. Schuette, D. Schutz, B. F. Scott, J. Scott, S. M. Sellers, D. Sengupta, A. S. Sentenac, D. Sequino, V. Sergeev, A. Setyawati, Y. Shaddock, D. A. Shaffer, T. Shahriar, M. S. Shaltev, M. Shapiro, B. Shawhan, P. Sheperd, A. Shoemaker, D. H. Shoemaker, D. M. Siellez, K. Siemens, X. Sieniawska, M. Sigg, D. Silva, A. D. Singer, A. Singer, L. P. Singh, A. Singh, R. Singhal, A. Sintes, A. M. Slagmolen, B. J. J. Smith, J. R. Smith, N. D. Smith, R. J. E. Son, E. J. Sorazu, B. Sorrentino, F. Souradeep, T. Srivastava, A. K. Staley, A. Steinke, M. Steinlechner, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinmeyer, D. Stephens, B. C. Stone, R. Strain, K. A. Straniero, N. Stratta, G. Strauss, N. A. Strigin, S. Sturani, R. Stuver, A. L. Summerscales, T. Z. Sun, L. Sunil, S. Sutton, P. J. Swinkels, B. L. Szczepanczyk, M. J. Tacca, M. Talukder, D. Tanner, D. B. Tapai, M. Tarabrin, S. P. Taracchini, A. Taylor, R. Theeg, T. Thirugnanasambandam, M. P. Thomas, E. G. Thomas, M. Thomas, P. Thorne, K. A. Thrane, E. Tiwari, S. Tiwari, V. Tokmakov, K. V. Toland, K. Tomlinson, C. Tonelli, M. Tornasi, Z. Torres, C. V. Torrie, C. I. Toyra, D. Travasso, F. Traylor, G. Trifiro, D. Tringali, M. C. Trozzo, L. Tse, M. Turconi, M. Tuyenbayev, D. Ugolini, D. Unnikrishnan, C. S. Urban, A. L. Usman, S. A. Vahlbruch, H. Vajente, G. Valdes, G. van Bakel, N. van Beuzekom, M. van den Brand, J. F. J. Van Den Broeck, C. Vander-Hyde, D. C. van der Schaaf, L. van Heijningen, J. V. van Veggel, A. A. Vardaro, M. Vass, S. Vasuth, M. Vaulin, R. Vecchio, A. Vedovato, G. Veitch, J. Veitch, P. J. Venkateswara, K. Verkindt, D. Vetrano, F. Vicere, A. Vinciguerra, S. Vine, D. J. Vinet, J. -Y. Vitale, S. Vo, T. Vocca, H. Vorvick, C. Voss, D. V. Vousden, W. D. Vyatchanin, S. P. Wade, A. R. Wade, L. E. Wade, M. Walker, M. Wallace, L. Walsh, S. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, M. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Ward, R. L. Warner, J. Was, M. Weaver, B. Wei, L. -W. Weinert, M. Weinstein, A. J. Weiss, R. Wen, L. Wessels, P. Westphal, T. Wette, K. Whelan, J. T. Whiting, B. F. Williams, R. D. Williamson, A. R. Willis, J. L. Willke, B. Wimmer, M. H. Winkler, W. Wipf, C. C. Wittel, H. Woan, G. Woehler, J. Worden, J. Wright, J. L. Wu, D. S. Wu, G. Yablon, J. Yam, W. Yamamoto, H. Yancey, C. C. Yu, H. Yvert, M. Zadrozny, A. Zangrando, L. Zanolin, M. Zendri, J. -P. Zevin, M. Zhang, L. Zhang, M. Zhang, Y. Zhao, C. Zhou, M. Zhou, Z. Zhu, X. J. Zucker, M. E. Zuraw, S. E. Zweizig, J. CA LIGO Sci Collaboration Virgo Collaboration TI Comprehensive all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in the sixth science run LIGO data SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB We report on a comprehensive all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency band 100-1500 Hz and with a frequency time derivative in the range of [-1.18; +1.00] x 10(-8) Hz/s. Such a signal could be produced by a nearby spinning and slightly nonaxisymmetric isolated neutron star in our galaxy. This search uses the data from the initial LIGO sixth science run and covers a larger parameter space with respect to any past search. A Loosely Coherent detection pipeline was applied to follow up weak outliers in both Gaussian (95% recovery rate) and non-Gaussian (75% recovery rate) bands. No gravitational wave signals were observed, and upper limits were placed on their strength. Our smallest upper limit on worst-case (linearly polarized) strain amplitude h(0) is 9.7 x 10(-25) near 169 Hz, while at the high end of our frequency range we achieve a worst-case upper limit of 5.5 x 10(-24). Both cases refer to all sky locations and entire range of frequency derivative values. C1 [Abbott, B. P.; Adhikari, R. X.; Anderson, S. B.; Arai, K.; Araya, M. C.; Barayoga, J. C.; Barish, B. C.; Berger, B. K.; Billingsley, G.; Blackburn, J. K.; Bork, R.; Brooks, A. F.; Brunett, S.; Cahillane, C.; Callister, T.; Cepeda, C. B.; Couvares, P.; Coyne, D. C.; Dergachev, V.; Drever, R. W. P.; Ehrens, P.; Etzel, T.; Gossan, S. E.; Gushwa, K. E.; Gustafson, E. K.; Hall, E. D.; Heptonstall, A. W.; Isi, M.; Kanner, J. B.; Kells, W.; Kondrashov, V.; Korth, W. Z.; Kozak, D. B.; Lazzarini, A.; Lewis, J. B.; Maros, E.; Marx, J. N.; McIntyre, G.; McIver, J.; Meshkov, S.; Pedraza, M.; Perreca, A.; Price, L. R.; Quintero, E. A.; Reitze, D. H.; Robertson, N. A.; Rollins, J. G.; Sachdev, S.; Schmidt, P.; Singer, A.; Smith, N. D.; Smith, R. J. E.; Taylor, R.; Thirugnanasambandam, M. P.; Torrie, C. I.; Vajente, G.; Vass, S.; Wallace, L.; Weinstein, A. J.; Williams, R. D.; Wipf, C. C.; Zucker, M. E.] CALTECH, LIGO, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Abbott, T. D.; Buchanan, C. C.; Corbitt, T. R.; Cripe, J.; Giaime, J. A.; Gonzalez, G.; Hardwick, T.; Johnson, W. W.; Kasprzack, M.; Macleod, D. M.; Singh, R.; Walker, M.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Abernathy, M. R.; Harry, G. M.] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Acernese, F.; Barone, F.; Romano, R.] Univ Salerno, I-84084 Salerno, Italy. [Acernese, F.; Barone, F.; Calloni, E.; De laurentis, M.; De Rosa, R.; Di Fiore, L.; Garufi, F.; Grado, A.; Milano, L.; Romano, R.] Complesso Univ Monte S Angelo, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Ackley, K.; Ciani, G.; Costa, C. F. Da Silva; Eichholz, J.; Eikenberry, S. S.; Fulda, P.; Goetz, R.; Hartman, M. T.; Klimenko, S.; Miller, A. L.; Mitselmakher, G.; Mueller, G.; Mytidis, A.; Reitze, D. H.; Tanner, D. B.; Voss, D. V.; Whiting, B. F.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Adams, C.; Aston, S. M.; Betzwieser, J.; Birch, J.; Cowart, M. J.; DeRosa, R. T.; Effler, A.; Evans, T. M.; Frolov, V. V.; Fyffe, M.; Giardina, K. D.; Hanson, J.; Heintze, M. C.; Holt, K.; Huynh-Dinh, T.; Katzman, W.; Laxen, M.; Lormand, M.; McCormick, S.; Mullavey, A.; Nelson, T. J. N.; Nolting, D.; Oram, Richard J.; O'Reilly, B.; Overmier, H.; Pele, A.; Romie, J. H.; Sellers, D.; Stuver, A. L.; Thomas, M.; Thorne, K. A.; Traylor, G.; Wu, G.] LIGO Livingston Observ, Livingston, LA 70754 USA. [Adams, T.; Bonnand, R.; Buskulic, D.; Ducrot, M.; Germain, V.; Gouaty, R.; Letendre, N.; Marion, F.; Masserot, A.; Mours, B.; Rolland, L.; Verkindt, D.; Was, M.; Yvert, M.] Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Addesso, P.; DeSalvo, R.; Pierro, V.; Pinto, I. M.; Principe, M.] Univ Sannio Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy. [Addesso, P.; DeSalvo, R.; Pierro, V.; Pinto, I. M.; Principe, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80100 Naples, Italy. [Adya, V. B.; Affeldt, C.; Allen, B.; Aulbert, C.; Baune, C.; Bergmann, G.; Bisht, A.; Bock, O.; Bogan, C.; Brinkmann, M.; Cabero, M.; Capano, C. D.; Dal Canton, T.; Danzmann, K.; Denker, T.; Dent, T.; Doravari, S.; Drago, M.; Eggenstein, H. -B.; Fehrmann, H.; Grote, H.; Hanke, M. M.; Heurs, M.; Hu, Y. M.; Indik, N.; Kapadia, S. J.; Karvinen, K. S.; Koehlenbeck, S. M.; Kringel, V.; Krishnan, B.; Kuehn, G.; Leong, J. R.; Lough, J. D.; Lueck, H.; Lundgren, A. P.; Machenschalk, B.; Meadors, G. D.; Mossavi, K.; Nielsen, A. B.; Nitz, A.; Oppermann, P.; Papa, M. A.; Post, A.; Prijatelj, M.; Prix, R.; Puncken, O.; Ruediger, A.; Salemi, F.; Schmidt, J.; Schreiber, E.; Schuette, D.; Shaltev, M.; Singh, A.; Steinke, M.; Steinmeyer, D.; Tarabrin, S. P.; Theeg, T.; Walsh, S.; Weinert, M.; Wessels, P.; Westphal, T.; Wette, K.; Willke, B.; Wimmer, M. H.; Winkler, W.; Wittel, H.; Woehler, J.; Wu, D. S.] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Agathos, M.; Agatsuma, K.; Bader, M. K. M.; Bertolini, A.; Boom, B. A.; Bulten, H. J.; Ghosh, S.; Jonker, R. J. 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L.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Allen, B.; Aufmuth, P.; Bisht, A.; Danzmann, K.; Heurs, M.; Kaufer, S.; Krueger, C.; Lough, J. D.; Lueck, H.; Sawadsky, A.; Schuette, D.; Singh, A.; Steinmeyer, D.; Vahlbruch, H.; Willke, B.; Wimmer, M. H.; Wittel, H.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Allocca, A.; Basti, A.; Boschi, V.; Cerretani, G.; Di Lieto, A.; Ferrante, I.; Fidecaro, F.; Gonzalez, G.; Castro, J. M. Gonzalez; Passaquieti, R.; Patricelli, B.; Poggiani, R.; Razzano, M.; Tonelli, M.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Allocca, A.; Basti, A.; Boschi, V.; Bradaschia, C.; Cella, G.; Cerretani, G.; Di Lieto, A.; Di Virgilio, A.; Ferrante, I.; Fidecaro, F.; Frasconi, F.; Gennai, A.; Giazotto, A.; Castro, J. M. Gonzalez; Moggi, A.; Paoletti, F.; Passaquieti, R.; Passuello, D.; Patricelli, B.; Poggiani, R.; Trozzo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Altin, P. A.; Chow, J. H.; Mansell, G. L.; McClelland, D. E.; McManus, D. J.; McRae, T.; Nguyen, T. T.; Rabeling, D. S.; Scott, J.; Shaddock, D. A.; Slagmolen, B. J. J.; Wade, A. R.; Ward, R. L.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Arceneaux, C. C.; Cavaglia, M.; Dooley, K. L.; Gabbard, H. A. G.; Kandhasamy, S.; Trifiro, D.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. [Areeda, J. S.; Hacker, J. J.; Read, J.; Smith, J. R.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. [Arnaud, N.; Bizouard, M. A.; Brisson, V.; Diaz, J. Casanueva; Cavalier, F.; Davier, M.; Frey, V.; Hello, P.; Huet, D.; Leroy, N.; Robinet, F.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS IN2P3, LAL, Univ Paris Saclay, Orsay, France. [Arun, K. G.] Chennai Math Inst, Madras 603103, Tamil Nadu, India. [Ascenzi, S.; Casentini, C.; Cesarini, E.; Coccia, E.; Fafone, V.; Malvezzi, V.; Nardecchia, I.; Re, V.; Sequino, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ashton, G.; Jones, D. I.] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Ast, M.; Kleybolte, L.; Korobko, M.; Pal-Singh, A.; Schnabel, R.; Schoenbeck, A.] Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Astone, P.; Colla, A.; Conte, A.; Di Pace, S.; Di Palma, I.; Frasca, S.; Leaci, P.; Majorana, E.; Mastrogiovanni, S.; Mezzani, F.; Miller, A. L.; Naticchioni, L.; Palomba, C.; Piccinni, O. J.; Puppo, P.; Rapagnani, P.; Ricci, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Babak, S.; Bohe, A.; Buonanno, A.; Di Palma, I.; Grunewald, S.; Harry, I. W.; Meadors, G. D.; Ming, J.; Papa, M. A.; Privitera, S.; Puerrer, M.; Raymond, V.; Schutz, B. F.; Singh, A.; Taracchini, A.; Walsh, S.] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Bacon, P.; Barsuglia, M.; Bouffanais, Y.; Buy, C.; Capocasa, E.; Chassande-Mottin, E.; Fiorucci, D.; Lebigot, E. O.; Tacca, M.] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Baker, P. T.; Cornish, N.; Millhouse, M.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Baldaccini, F.; Gammaitoni, L.; Travasso, F.; Vocca, H.] Univ Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Baldaccini, F.; Marchesoni, F.; Punturo, M.; Travasso, F.; Vocca, H.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Ballardin, G.; Bavigadda, V.; Bitossi, M.; Bozzi, A.; Carbognani, F.; Cavalieri, R.; Chiummo, A.; Cortese, S.; Cuoco, E.; Dattilo, V.; Day, R.; Ferrini, F.; Fiori, I.; Genin, E.; Gosselin, M.; Hemming, G.; Hoak, D.; Kasprzack, M.; Mantovani, M.; Mohan, M.; Nocera, F.; Paoletti, F.; Paoli, A.; Pasqualetti, A.; Pillant, G.; Popolizio, P.; Prijatelj, M.; Ruggi, P.; Salconi, L.; Sentenac, D.; Swinkels, B. L.] European Gravitat Observ, I-56021 Pisa, Italy. [Ballmer, S. W.; Bhagwat, S.; Biwer, C.; Brown, D. A.; De, S.; Fair, H.; Fisher, R. P.; Kelley, D. B.; Lackey, B. D.; Lenon, A.; Lord, J. E.; Magana-Sandoval, F.; Zertuche, L. Magana; Massinger, T. J.; Nuttall, L. K.; Pekowsky, L.; Reyes, S. 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E.; Goetz, E.; Gray, C.; Hanks, J.; Ingram, D. R.; Izumi, K.; Kawabe, K.; Kijbunchoo, N.; King, P. J.; Kissel, J. S.; Landry, M.; McCarthy, R.; Mendell, G.; Merilh, E. L.; Moraru, D.; Moreno, G.; Oberling, J.; Raab, F. J.; Radkins, H.; Reed, C. M.; Ryan, K.; Sadecki, T.; Sandberg, V.; Savage, R. L.; Shaffer, T.; Sigg, D.; Thomas, P.; Vorvick, C.; Warner, J.; Weaver, B.; Worden, J.] LIGO Hanford Observ, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Barta, D.; Debreczeni, G.; Vasuth, M.] RMKI, Wigner RCP, Konkoly Thege Miklos Ut 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary. [Bartos, I.; Countryman, S. T.; Factourovich, M.; Marka, S.; Marka, Z.; Matone, L.; Murphy, D. J.; Staley, A.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Bassiri, R.; Byer, R. L.; Debra, D.; Fejer, M. M.; Kim, N.; Lantz, B.; Markosyan, A. S.; Paris, H. R.; Patrick, Z.; Shapiro, B.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bazzan, M.; Vardaro, M.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, I-35131 Padua, Italy. 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P.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Birney, R.; Reid, S.; Vine, D. J.] Univ West Scotland, SUPA, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland. [Blair, C. D.; Blair, D. G.; Chu, Q.; Chung, S.; Coward, D. M.; Fang, Q.; Howell, E. J.; Jian, L.; Ju, L.; Kaur, T.; Ma, Y.; Qin, J.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, C.; Zhu, X. J.] Univ Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Bloemen, S.; Ghosh, S.; Groot, P.; Nelemans, G.; Nissanke, S.; Setyawati, Y.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Boer, M.; Bogaert, G.; Brillet, A.; Cleva, F.; Coulon, J. -P.; Fournier, J. -D.; Heitmann, H.; Kefelian, F.; Man, N.; Martellini, L.; Merzougui, M.; Pichot, M.; Turconi, M.; Vinet, J. -Y.; Wei, L. -W.] Univ Cote dAzur, CNRS, Observ Cote dAzur, CS 34229, Nice 4, France. [Bondu, F.] Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, Inst Phys Rennes, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Bose, S.; Hall, B. R.; Magee, R. M.; Mazumder, N.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Branchesi, M.; Baiardi, L. Cerboni; Greco, G.; Guidi, G. M.; Harms, J.; Martelli, F.; Montani, M.; Piergiovanni, F.; Stratta, G.; Vicere, A.] Univ Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029 Urbino, Italy. [Branchesi, M.; Baiardi, L. Cerboni; Greco, G.; Guidi, G. M.; Harms, J.; Losurdo, G.; Martelli, F.; Montani, M.; Piergiovanni, F.; Stratta, G.; Vetrano, F.; Vicere, A.; Wang, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Brau, J. E.; Frey, R.; Karki, S.; Palamos, J. R.; Quitzow-James, R.; Roma, V. J.; Schale, P.; Schofield, R. M. S.; Talukder, D.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Briant, T.; Chua, S.; Cohadon, P. -F.; Deleglise, S.; Heidmann, A.; Isac, J. -M.; Jacqmin, T.; Metzdorff, R.] Univ Paris 04, CNRS, ENS PSL Res Univ, Lab Kastler Brossel,UPMC,Coll France, F-75005 Paris, France. [Broida, J. E.; Christensen, N.; Coughlin, M. W.; Edwards, M. C.; Strauss, N. A.] Carleton Coll, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. 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[Calloni, E.; De Rosa, R.; Di Girolamo, T.; Garufi, F.; Milano, L.] Univ Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ Monte S Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Camp, J. B.; Gehrels, N.; Singer, L. P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cannon, K. C.] Univ Tokyo, RESCEU, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Cao, J.; Fan, X.; Guo, X.; Lebigot, E. O.; Wang, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Caride, S.; Corsi, A.; Coyne, R.; Inta, R.; Owen, B. J.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Chao, S.; Cheng, C.; Huang, S.; Kuo, L.; Pan, H.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Charlton, P.] Charles Sturt Univ, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia. [Cheeseboro, B. D.; Devine, R. C.; McWilliams, S. T.] West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Chen, H. Y.; Farr, B.; Holz, D. E.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Chen, Y.; Engels, W.; Schmidt, P.] Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cho, H. 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K.; Sunil, S.] Inst Plasma Res, Bhat 382428, Gandhinagar, India. [Daw, E. J.; Edo, T. B.; Kennedy, R.; Tomlinson, C.] Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Creighton, T.; Diaz, M. C.; Geng, P.; Key, J. S.; Morriss, S. R.; Mukherjee, S.; Normandin, M. E. N.; Quetschke, V.; Rakhmanov, M.; Romano, J. D.; Stone, R.; Torres, C. V.; Tuyenbayev, D.; Valdes, G.] Univ Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Di Giovanni, M.; Leonardi, M.; Prodi, G. A.; Tringali, M. C.] Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Di Giovanni, M.; Leonardi, M.; Prodi, G. A.; Tiwari, S.; Tringali, M. C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Everett, R.; Hanna, C.; Meacher, D.; Messick, C.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fairhurst, S.; Fays, M.; Hannam, M. D.; Hopkins, P.; Kalaghatgi, C. V.; Khan, S.; London, L. T.; Muir, A. W.; Ohme, F.; Pannarale, F.; Predoi, V.; Sathyaprakash, B. S.; Schutz, B. 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S.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Henry, J.; Lange, J.; O'Shaughnessy, R.; Rizzo, M.; Whelan, J. T.; Zhang, Y.] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Huerta, E. A.] Univ Illinois, NCSA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Husa, S.; Jimenez-Forteza, F.; Keitel, D.; Oliver, M.; Sintes, A. M.] Univ Illes Balears, IAC3 IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. [Jaranowski, P.] Univ Bialystok, PL-15424 Bialystok, Poland. [Jawahar, S.; Lockerbie, N. A.; Tokmakov, K. V.] Univ Strathclyde, SUPA, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Haris, K.; Pai, A.; Saleem, M.] IISER TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum 695016, Kerala, India. [Kehl, M. S.; Kumar, P.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Khazanov, E. A.; Palashov, O.; Sergeev, A.] Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Kim, J.; Kim, Y. -M.; Lee, C. H.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Kim, K.; Lee, H. K.] Hanyang Univ, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Kim, W.; King, E. J.; Munch, J.; Ottaway, D. J.; Veitch, P. J.] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Krolak, A.; Kutynia, A.; Zadrozny, A.] NCBJ, PL-05400 Otwock, Poland. [Krolak, A.] IM PAN, PL-00956 Warsaw, Poland. [Lasky, P. D.; Levin, Y.; Qiu, S.; Sammut, L.; Thrane, E.] Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Lee, H. M.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Li, T. G. F.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Littenberg, T. B.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Lombardi, A. L.; Nedkova, K.; Zuraw, S. E.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Loriette, V.; Maksimovic, I.] ESPCI, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France. [Marchesoni, F.] Univ Camerino, Dipartimento Fis, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. [McGuire, S. C.] Southern Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. [McGuire, S. C.] A&M Coll, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. [Mikhailov, E. E.; Rew, H.; Romanov, G.; Zhang, M.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Mirshekari, S.; Sturani, R.] Univ Estadual Paulista, ICTP, South Amer Inst Fundamental Res, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01140070 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Moore, C. J.] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Nayak, R. K.; Samajdar, A.] IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur 741252, W Bengal, India. [O'Dell, J.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, HSIC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Ogin, G. H.] Whitman Coll, 345 Boyer Ave, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. [Oh, J. J.; Oh, S. H.; Son, E. J.] Natl Inst Math Sci, Daejeon 305390, South Korea. [Pedurand, R.] Univ Lyon, F-69361 Lyon, France. [Penn, S.] Hobart & William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Rosinska, D.] Univ Zielona Gora, Janusz Gil Inst Astron, PL-65265 Zielona Gora, Poland. [Sakellariadou, M.] Univ London, Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Summerscales, T. Z.] Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. [Trozzo, L.] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Ugolini, D.] Trinity Univ, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. [Venkateswara, K.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wade, L. E.; Wade, M.] Kenyon Coll, Gambier, OH 43022 USA. [Willis, J. L.] Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. RP Abbott, BP (reprint author), CALTECH, LIGO, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Prokhorov, Leonid/I-2953-2012; Gammaitoni, Luca/B-5375-2009; Ciani, Giacomo/G-1036-2011; Sigg, Daniel/I-4308-2015; Di Virgilio, Angela Dora Vittoria/E-9078-2015; Garufi, Fabio/K-3263-2015; Sergeev, Alexander/F-3027-2017; Harms, Jan/J-4359-2012; Tiwari, Shubhanshu/R-8546-2016; Bartos, Imre/A-2592-2017; Punturo, Michele/I-3995-2012; Cella, Giancarlo/A-9946-2012; prodi, giovanni/B-4398-2010; Leonardi, Matteo/G-9694-2015; Ferrante, Isidoro/F-1017-2012; Cesarini, Elisabetta/C-4507-2017; Danilishin, Stefan/K-7262-2012; Hild, Stefan/A-3864-2010; Steinlechner, Sebastian/D-5781-2013; Chow, Jong/A-3183-2008; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Iyer, Bala R./E-2894-2012; Bell, Angus/E-7312-2011; Strain, Kenneth/D-5236-2011; Sorrentino, Fiodor/M-6662-2016; Travasso, Flavio/J-9595-2016; Marchesoni, Fabio/A-1920-2008; Vecchio, Alberto/F-8310-2015; Rocchi, Alessio/O-9499-2015; Gemme, Gianluca/C-7233-2008; Strigin, Sergey/I-8337-2012; McClelland, David/E-6765-2010; Costa, Cesar/G-7588-2012; Losurdo, Giovanni/K-1241-2014 OI Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974; Nitz, Alexander/0000-0002-1850-4587; Murphy, David/0000-0002-8538-815X; Pitkin, Matthew/0000-0003-4548-526X; Davies, Gareth/0000-0002-4289-3439; Principe, Maria/0000-0002-6327-0628; Del Pozzo, Walter/0000-0003-3978-2030; Granata, Massimo/0000-0003-3275-1186; Berry, Christopher/0000-0003-3870-7215; Piccinni, Ornella Juliana/0000-0001-5478-3950; Kanner, Jonah/0000-0001-8115-0577; Gammaitoni, Luca/0000-0002-4972-7062; Ciani, Giacomo/0000-0003-4258-9338; Sigg, Daniel/0000-0003-4606-6526; Di Virgilio, Angela Dora Vittoria/0000-0002-2237-7533; Garufi, Fabio/0000-0003-1391-6168; Callister, Thomas/0000-0001-9892-177X; Bondu, Francois/0000-0001-6487-5197; Zweizig, John/0000-0002-1521-3397; Tiwari, Shubhanshu/0000-0003-1611-6625; Punturo, Michele/0000-0001-8722-4485; Cella, Giancarlo/0000-0002-0752-0338; prodi, giovanni/0000-0001-5256-915X; Ferrante, Isidoro/0000-0002-0083-7228; Cesarini, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9127-3167; Danilishin, Stefan/0000-0001-7758-7493; Steinlechner, Sebastian/0000-0003-4710-8548; Chow, Jong/0000-0002-2414-5402; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Iyer, Bala R./0000-0002-4141-5179; Bell, Angus/0000-0003-1523-0821; Strain, Kenneth/0000-0002-2066-5355; Sorrentino, Fiodor/0000-0002-9605-9829; Travasso, Flavio/0000-0002-4653-6156; Marchesoni, Fabio/0000-0001-9240-6793; Vecchio, Alberto/0000-0002-6254-1617; Rocchi, Alessio/0000-0002-1382-9016; Gemme, Gianluca/0000-0002-1127-7406; McClelland, David/0000-0001-6210-5842; Losurdo, Giovanni/0000-0003-0452-746X FU EGO consortium; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India; Department of Science and Technology, India; Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India; Ministry of Human Resource Development, India; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad; Conselleria d'Economia i Competitivitat of the Govern de les Illes Balears; Conselleria d'Educacio, Cultura i Universitats of the Govern de les Illes Balears; National Science Centre of Poland; European Commission; Royal Society; Scottish Funding Council; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA); Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO); National Research Foundation of Korea through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation; Industry Canada through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Leverhulme Trust; Research Corporation; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan; Kavli Foundation FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF) for the construction and operation of the LIGO Laboratory and Advanced LIGO as well as the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom, the Max-Planck-Society (MPS), and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for support of the construction of Advanced LIGO and construction and operation of the GEO600 detector. Additional support for Advanced LIGO was provided by the Australian Research Council. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, for the construction and operation of the Virgo detector and the creation and support of the EGO consortium. The authors also gratefully acknowledge research support from these agencies as well as by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, Department of Science and Technology, India, Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, the Conselleria d'Economia i Competitivitat and Conselleria d'Educacio, Cultura i Universitats of the Govern de les Illes Balears, the National Science Centre of Poland, the European Commission, the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), the Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO), the National Research Foundation of Korea, Industry Canada and the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Canada, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Leverhulme Trust, the Research Corporation, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan and the Kavli Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NSF, STFC, MPS, INFN, CNRS and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for provision of computational resources. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 37 U2 43 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 15 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 4 AR 042002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.94.042002 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA DT4ZW UT WOS:000381491300001 ER PT J AU Venumadhav, T Cyr-Racine, FY Abazajian, KN Hirata, CM AF Venumadhav, Tejaswi Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan Abazajian, Kevork N. Hirata, Christopher M. TI Sterile neutrino dark matter: Weak interactions in the strong coupling epoch SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MILKY-WAY SATELLITES; 3.5 KEV LINE; X-RAY; EXPANDING UNIVERSE; MASSIVE NEUTRINOS; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; GALAXY CLUSTERS; QCD; MODELS; QUARK AB We perform a detailed study of the weak interactions of standard model neutrinos with the primordial plasma and their effect on the resonant production of sterile neutrino dark matter. Motivated by issues in cosmological structure formation on small scales, and reported x-ray signals that could be due to sterile neutrino decay, we consider 7 keV-scale sterile neutrinos. Oscillation-driven production of such sterile neutrinos occurs at temperatures T greater than or similar to 100 MeV, where we study two significant effects of weakly charged species in the primordial plasma: (1) the redistribution of an input lepton asymmetry; (2) the opacity for active neutrinos. We calculate the redistribution analytically above and below the quark-hadron transition, and match with lattice QCD calculations through the transition. We estimate opacities due to tree-level processes involving leptons and quarks above the quark-hadron transition, and the most important mesons below the transition. We report final sterile neutrino dark matter phase space densities that are significantly influenced by these effects, and yet relatively robust to remaining uncertainties in the nature of the quark-hadron transition. We also provide transfer functions for cosmological density fluctuations with cutoffs at k similar or equal to 10h Mpc(-1), that are relevant to galactic structure formation. C1 [Venumadhav, Tejaswi; Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan] CALTECH, Mail Code 350-17, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Abazajian, Kevork N.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Hirata, Christopher M.] Ohio State Univ, CCAPP, 191 West Woodruff Lane, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Venumadhav, Tejaswi] Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Venumadhav, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Mail Code 350-17, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Venumadhav, T (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Simons Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; W. M. Keck Foundation; NSF CAREER Grant [PHY-1159224]; NSF Grant [PHY-1316792]; Institute for Nuclear Theory program "Neutrino Astrophysics and Fundamental Properties" [15-2a] FX We thank Olivier Dore and Roland de Putter for fruitful discussions. We are grateful to Mikko Laine for providing us the data for the plasma's equation of state. T. V. and C. M. H. are supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Simons Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy. The work of F.-Y. C.-R. was performed in part at the California Institute of Technology for the Keck Institute for Space Studies, which is funded by the W. M. Keck Foundation. Part of the research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). K. N. A. is partially supported by NSF CAREER Grant No. PHY-1159224 and NSF Grant No. PHY-1316792. K. N. A. acknowledges support from the Institute for Nuclear Theory program "Neutrino Astrophysics and Fundamental Properties" 15-2a where part of this work was done. NR 127 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 15 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 4 AR 043515 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.94.043515 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA DT4ZW UT WOS:000381491300002 ER PT J AU Heldmann, JL Colaprete, A Elphic, RC Lim, D Deans, M Cook, A Roush, T Skok, JR Button, NE Karunatillake, S Stoker, C Marquez, JJ Shirley, M Kobayashi, L Lees, D Bresina, J Hunt, R AF Heldmann, Jennifer L. Colaprete, Anthony Elphic, Richard C. Lim, Darlene Deans, Matthew Cook, Amanda Roush, Ted Skok, J. R. Button, Nicole E. Karunatillake, S. Stoker, Carol Marquez, Jessica J. Shirley, Mark Kobayashi, Linda Lees, David Bresina, John Hunt, Rusty TI Lunar polar rover science operations: Lessons learned and mission architecture implications derived from the Mojave Volatiles Prospector (MVP) terrestrial field campaign SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Moon; Volatiles; Rover; Missions ID CALIFORNIA; NEUTRON; SURFACE; DESERT; WATER; MOON AB The Mojave Volatiles Prospector (MVP) project is a science-driven field program with the goal of producing critical knowledge for conducting robotic exploration of the Moon. Specifically, MVP focuses on studying a lunar mission analog to characterize the form and distribution of lunar volatiles. Although lunar volatiles are known to be present near the poles of the Moon, the three dimensional distribution and physical characteristics of lunar polar volatiles are largely unknown. A landed mission with the ability to traverse the lunar surface is thus required to characterize the spatial distribution of lunar polar volatiles. NASA's Resource Prospector (RP) mission is a lunar polar rover mission that will operate primarily in sunlit regions near a lunar pole with near-real time operations to characterize the vertical and horizontal distribution of volatiles. The MVP project was conducted as a field campaign relevant to the RP lunar mission to provide science, payload, and operational lessons learned to the development of a real-time, short-duration lunar polar volatiles prospecting mission. To achieve these goals, the MVP project conducted a simulated lunar rover mission to investigate the composition and distribution of surface and subsurface volatiles in a natural environment with an unknown volatile distribution within the Mojave Desert, improving our understanding of how to find, characterize, and access volatiles on the Moon. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Heldmann, Jennifer L.; Colaprete, Anthony; Elphic, Richard C.; Lim, Darlene; Deans, Matthew; Cook, Amanda; Roush, Ted; Stoker, Carol; Marquez, Jessica J.; Shirley, Mark; Kobayashi, Linda; Lees, David; Bresina, John; Hunt, Rusty] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lim, Darlene] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Skok, J. R.; Button, Nicole E.; Karunatillake, S.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Heldmann, JL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci & Astrobiol, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. EM Jennifer.Heldmann@nasa.gov RI Karunatillake, Suniti/A-5934-2009 OI Karunatillake, Suniti/0000-0001-9891-1432 FU NASA's Science Mission Directorate's MMAMA (Moon Mars Analog Mission Activities) program; SSERVI (Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute); NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate's Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) FX The MVP team acknowledges support from NASA's Science Mission Directorate's MMAMA (Moon Mars Analog Mission Activities) program and SSERVI (Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute) as well as NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate's Advanced Exploration Systems (AES). NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2016 VL 58 IS 4 BP 545 EP 559 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2016.05.011 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS1WY UT WOS:000380417000008 ER PT J AU Zheng, XY Beard, BL Reddy, TR Roden, EE Johnson, CM AF Zheng, Xin-Yuan Beard, Brian L. Reddy, Thiruchelvi R. Roden, Eric E. Johnson, Clark M. TI Abiologic silicon isotope fractionation between aqueous Si and Fe(III)-Si gel in simulated Archean seawater: Implications for Si isotope records in Precambrian sedimentary rocks SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Si isotopes; Fe-Si system; Fractionation factor; Precambrian; BIFs; Chert ID BANDED IRON FORMATIONS; MULTI-DIRECTION APPROACH; STABLE-ISOTOPES; ATOM EXCHANGE; FE(II)-FE(III) ELECTRON; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; AMORPHOUS SILICA; OXIDE REDUCTION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; WEST GREENLAND AB Precambrian Si-rich sedimentary rocks, including cherts and banded iron formations (BIFs), record a >7% spread in Si-30/Si-28 ratios (delta Si-30 values), yet interpretation of this large variability has been hindered by the paucity of data on Si isotope exchange kinetics and equilibrium fractionation factors in systems that are pertinent to Precambrian marine conditions. Using the three-isotope method and an enriched Si-29 tracer, a series of experiments were conducted to constrain Si isotope exchange kinetics and fractionation factors between amorphous Fe(III)-Si gel, a likely precursor to Precambrian jaspers and BIFs, and aqueous Si in artificial Archean seawater under anoxic conditions. Experiments were conducted at room temperature, and in the presence and absence of aqueous Fe(II) (Fe(II)(aq)). Results of this study demonstrate that Si solubility is significantly lower for Fe-Si gel than that of amorphous Si, indicating that seawater Si concentrations in the Precambrian may have been lower than previous estimates. The experiments reached similar to 70-90% Si isotope exchange after a period of 53-126 days, and the highest extents of exchange were obtained where Fe(II) aq was present, suggesting that Fe(II)-Fe(III) electron-transfer and atom-exchange reactions catalyze Si isotope exchange through breakage of Fe-Si bonds. All experiments except one showed little change in the instantaneous solid-aqueous Si isotope fractionation factor with time, allowing extraction of equilibrium Si isotope fractionation factors through extrapolation to 100% isotope exchange. The equilibrium Si-30/Si-28 fractionation between Fe(III)-Si gel and aqueous Si (Delta Si-30(gel-aqueous)) is -2.30 similar to 0.25% (2 sigma) in the absence of Fe(II) aq. In the case where Fe(II)(aq) was present, which resulted in addition of similar to 10% Fe(II) in the final solid, creating a mixed Fe(II)-Fe(III) Si gel, the equilibrium fractionation between Fe(II)-Fe(III)-Si gel and aqueous Si (Delta Si-30(gel-aqueous)) is -3.23 +/- 0.37% (2 sigma). Equilibrium Si isotope fractionation for Fe-Si gel systems is significantly larger in magnitude than estimates of a near-zero solid-aqueous fractionation factor between pure Si gel and aqueous Si, indicating a major influence of Fe atoms on Si-O bonds, and hence the isotopic properties, of Fe-Si gel. Larger Si isotope fractionation in the Fe(II)-bearing systems may be caused by incorporation of Fe(II) into the solid structure, which may further weaken Fe-Si bonds and thus change the Si isotope fractionation factor. The relatively large Si isotope fractionation for Fe-Si gel, relative to pure Si gel, provides a new explanation for the observed contrast in delta Si-30 values in the Precambrian BIFs and cherts, as well as an explanation for the relatively negative delta Si-30 values in BIFs, in contrast to previous proposals that the more negative delta Si-30 values in BIFs reflect hydrothermal sources of Si or sorption to Fe oxides/hydroxides. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zheng, Xin-Yuan] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Zheng, XY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM xzheng75@wisc.edu OI Zheng, Xin-Yuan/0000-0002-7959-8046 FU NASA Astrobiology Institute [NNA13AA94A]; National Science Foundation [1122855] FX We thank Dr. Rosalind Armytage for sharing her expertise during the process of setting up protocols for Si isotope measurement at UW-Madison, Prof. Mark Brzezinski for sharing the Si isotope reference materials (Big Batch, Diatomite and Big Batch), Ms. Janice Jones for shipping the reference materials, and Dr. Elizabeth Percak-Dennett for advice on Fe-Si gel synthesis. Comments made by Dr. L. Trower, two anonymous reviewers and AE E. Schauble have improved the manuscript. This work was supported by the NASA Astrobiology Institute under grant NNA13AA94A, and National Science Foundation grant 1122855. NR 99 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 15 PY 2016 VL 187 BP 102 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.012 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DR2ME UT WOS:000379737800005 ER PT J AU McLeod, CL Brandon, AD Fernandes, VA Peslier, AH Fritz, J Lapen, T Shafer, JT Butcher, AR Irving, AJ AF McLeod, Claire L. Brandon, Alan D. Fernandes, Vera A. Peslier, Anne H. Fritz, Joerg Lapen, Thomas Shafer, John T. Butcher, Alan R. Irving, Anthony J. TI Constraints on formation and evolution of the lunar crust from feldspathic granulitic breccias NWA 3163 and 4881 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Lunar crust; Meteorite; Lunar evolution; Geochronology ID LASER ARGON-40-ARGON-39 AGE; NORITIC ANORTHOSITE CLAST; CANYON SANIDINE STANDARD; K-40 DECAY CONSTANTS; MOON-FORMING IMPACT; ET-AL. 2010; MAGMA-OCEAN; AR-40/AR-39 GEOCHRONOLOGY; HIGHLAND METEORITES; JOINT DETERMINATION AB Lunar granulitic meteorites provide new constraints on the composition and evolution of the lunar crust as they are potentially derived from outside the Apollo and Luna landing sites. Northwest Africa (NWA) 3163, the focus of this study, and its paired stones NWA 4881 and NWA 4483, are shocked granulitic noritic anorthosites. They are petrographically and compositionally distinct from the Apollo granulites and noritic anorthosites. Northwest Africa 3163 is REE-depleted by an order of magnitude compared to Apollo granulites and is one of the most trace element depleted lunar samples studied to date. New in-situ mineral compositional data and Rb-Sr, Ar-Ar isotopic systematics are used to evaluate the petrogenetic history of NWA 3163 (and its paired stones) within the context of early lunar evolution and the bulk composition of the lunar highlands crust. The NWA 3163 protolith was the likely product of reworked lunar crust with a previous history of heavy REE depletion. The bulk feldspathic and pyroxene-rich fragments have Sr-87/Sr-86 that are indistinguishable and average 0.699282 +/- 0.000007 (2 sigma). A calculated source model Sr T-RD age of 4.340 +/- 0.057 Ga is consistent with (1) the recently determined young FAS (Ferroan Anorthosite) age of 4.360 +/- 0.003 Ga for FAS 60025, (2) Nd-142 model ages for the closure of the Sm-Nd system for the mantle source reservoirs of the Apollo mare basalts (4.355-4.314 Ga) and (3) a prominent age peak in the Apollo lunar zircon record (c. 4.345 Ga). These ages are similar to 100 Myr younger than predicted timescales for complete LMO crystallization (similar to 10 Myrs after Moon formation, Elkins-Tanton et al., 2011). This supports a later, major event during lunar evolution associated with crustal reworking due to magma ocean cumulate overturn, serial magmatism, or a large impact event leading to localized or global crustal melting and/or exhumation. The Ar-Ar isotopic systematics on aliquots of paired stone NWA 4881 are consistent with an impact event at >= 3.5 Ga. This is inferred to record the event that induced granularization of NWA 3163 (and paired rocks). A later event is also recorded at similar to 2 Ga by Ar-Ar isotopes is consistent with an increase in the number of impacts on the lunar surface at this time (Fernandes et al., 2013). Northwest Africa 3163 and its paired stones therefore record a c. 2.4 Gyr record of lunar crustal production, metamorphism, brecciation, impacts and eventual ejection from the lunar surface. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McLeod, Claire L.; Brandon, Alan D.; Lapen, Thomas; Shafer, John T.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 4800 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Fernandes, Vera A.] Leibniz Inst Res Evolut & Biodivers, Museum Nat Kunde, Invalidenstr 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Fernandes, Vera A.] Univ Oslo, Ctr Earth Evolut & Dynam, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Fernandes, Vera A.] Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Dev New Technol UNINOVA, Lisbon, Portugal. [Peslier, Anne H.] NASA, Jacobs, Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code XI3, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Fritz, Joerg] Saalbau Weltraum Projekt, Wilhelmstr 38, D-64646 Heppenheim, Germany. [Butcher, Alan R.] FEI Co, Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Irving, Anthony J.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McLeod, CL (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Earth Sci, 250 S Patterson Ave, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM mcleodcl@miamioh.edu RI Fernandes, Vera/B-4653-2013 OI Fernandes, Vera/0000-0003-0848-9229 FU Lunar Science Institute; Cosmochemistry program at NASA; Deutsche Forshungsgeminschaft [FE 1523/3-1] FX ADB received funding for this project through the Lunar Science Institute and the Cosmochemistry program at NASA. Gavyn Rollinson at the Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, UK is thanked for his assistance during acquisition of the QEMSCAN images. VAF acknowledges research funding from Deutsche Forshungsgeminschaft via grant FE 1523/3-1. Additional thanks are extended to 2 anonymous reviewers who comments and suggestions improved this manuscript. Further thanks to Marc Norman whose input significantly improved the discussion and interpretation of this new data. NR 144 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 15 PY 2016 VL 187 BP 350 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2016.04.032 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DR2ME UT WOS:000379737800018 ER PT J AU Cuzzone, JK Clark, PU Carlson, AE Ullman, DJ Rinterknecht, VR Milne, GA Lunkka, JP Wohlfarth, B Marcott, SA Caffee, M AF Cuzzone, Joshua K. Clark, Peter U. Carlson, Anders E. Ullman, David J. Rinterknecht, Vincent R. Milne, Glenn A. Lunkka, Juha-Pekka Wohlfarth, Barbara Marcott, Shaun A. Caffee, Marc TI Final deglaciation of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet and implications for the Holocene global sea-level budget SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sea level; ice sheets; Holocene ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; LATERAL VISCOSITY VARIATIONS; NUCLIDE PRODUCTION-RATES; BE-10 PRODUCTION-RATE; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; MANTLE VISCOSITY; HUDSON-BAY; BALTIC SEA; AGE EARTH; MODEL AB The last deglaciation of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) from similar to 21,000 to 13,000 yr ago is well constrained by several hundred Be-10 and C-14 ages. The subsequent retreat history, however, is established primarily from minimum-limiting C-14 ages and incomplete Baltic-Sea varve records, leaving a substantial fraction of final SIS retreat history poorly constrained. Here we develop a high-resolution chronology for the final deglaciation of the SIS based on 79 Be-10 cosmogenic exposure dates sampled along three transects spanning southern to northern Sweden and Finland. Combining this new chronology with existing Be-10 ages on deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum shows that rates of SIS margin retreat were strongly influenced by deglacial millennial-scale climate variability and its effect on surface mass balance, with regional modulation of retreat associated with dynamical controls. Ice-volume estimates constrained by our new chronology suggest that the SIS contributed 8 m sea-level equivalent to global sea-level rise between similar to 14.5 ka and 10 ka. Final deglaciation was largely complete by similar to 10.5 ka, with highest rates of sea-level rise occurring during the Bolling-Allerod, a 50% decrease during the Younger Dryas, and a rapid increase during the early Holocene. Combining our SIS volume estimates with estimated contributions from other remaining Northern Hemisphere ice sheets suggests that the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) contributed 14.4 +/- 5.9 m to global sea-level rise since 13 ka. This new constraint supports those studies that indicate that an ice volume of 15 m or more of equivalent sea-level rise was lost from the AIS during the last deglaciation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cuzzone, Joshua K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Clark, Peter U.; Carlson, Anders E.; Ullman, David J.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rinterknecht, Vincent R.] Univ Paris 01, CNRS, Lab Geog Phys, UMR 8591, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Milne, Glenn A.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Lunkka, Juha-Pekka] Univ Oulu, OMS Glacial Sedimentol & Stratig Grp, POB 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland. [Wohlfarth, Barbara] Univ Stockholm, Dept Geol Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. [Marcott, Shaun A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Caffee, Marc] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Caffee, Marc] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rinterknecht, Vincent R.] Univ St Andrews, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Fife, Scotland. RP Cuzzone, JK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Joshua.K.Cuzzone@jpl.nasa.gov FU GSA graduate student research grant; NSF [EAR-0958417, EAR-0958872, EAR-1343573, EAR-0844151] FX We thank Jay Alder, Aaron Barth, Andrea Balbas, Nilo Bill, Svante Bjorck, Akkaneewut Chabangborn, Brent Goehring, Nat Lifton, and Jukka-Pekka Palmu for help and discussions related to this project, Jonathan Bamber for the base map used in Fig. 3d, and the two journal reviewers for their helpful comments. Research was supported by a GSA graduate student research grant to JKC, NSF grant EAR-0958417 to PUC, and NSF grants EAR-0958872 and EAR-1343573 to AEC. PRIME Lab is supported by NSF grant EAR-0844151. NR 67 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 11 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2016 VL 448 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.05.019 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DP4HS UT WOS:000378457600004 ER PT J AU Bishop, JL Rampe, EB AF Bishop, Janice L. Rampe, Elizabeth B. TI Evidence for a changing Martian climate from the mineralogy at Mawrth Vallis SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mars; mineralogy; spectroscopy; weathering; climate ID CLAY MINERALOGY; THEMIS DATA; MARS; ALLOPHANE; TES; ABUNDANCE; REGION; STRATIGRAPHY; IMOGOLITE; SPECTRA AB Layered outcrops in the Mawrth Vallis region of Mars contain the greatest diversity of aqueous alteration products on the planet, and these materials are used to infer past aqueous environments. Orbital investigations indicate Al/Si-rich clay-bearing units overly an Fe/Mg-smectite-rich unit. Many different secondary minerals have been identified in the upper Al/Si-rich clay units, but the presence of poorly crystalline phases has not been previously investigated. Identification of similar to 10-30% allophane and imogolite in the clay-bearing units resolves previous mineralogical discrepancies between TES and CRISM of clay-bearing units on Mars. We demonstrate here that the poorly crystalline aluminosilicates allophane and imogolite comprise a significant portion of the uppermost stratum of the Al/Si-clay-rich units. These phases are unique to immature soils derived from volcanic ash in well-drained, mildly acidic environments on Earth, and we hypothesize that the deposits discovered here originate from supervolcanic activity in nearby Arabia Terra. The transition through time from smectite-bearing units to the uppermost allophane/imogolite unit in Mawrth Vallis signifies a change in climate from a warm and wet environment to one where water was sporadic and likely depleted rapidly. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bishop, Janice L.] Carl Sagan Ctr, SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Rampe, Elizabeth B.] NASA JSC, Aerodyne Ind, Jacobs JETS, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Bishop, JL (reprint author), Carl Sagan Ctr, SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM jbishop@seti.org FU NASA's Mars Data Analysis Program [NNX12AJ33G]; NASA Astrobiology Institute [NNX15BB01G]; NASA's Mars Fundamental Research Program; NASA's Solar System Workings Program [NNX15AH57G] FX The authors are grateful to the science and operations teams from MRO/CRISM and MGS/TES for acquiring the data. Funding from NASA's Mars Data Analysis Program (NNX12AJ33G) and the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NNX15BB01G) to J. Bishop, funding from NASA's Mars Fundamental Research Program to E. Rampe, and funding from NASA's Solar System Workings Program (NNX15AH57G) to both authors are appreciated. Thanks are due to C. Gross for preparing the MOC/MOLA topographical image. The authors are grateful to J. Michalski and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments that improved the paper. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2016 VL 448 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.04.031 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DP4HS UT WOS:000378457600005 ER PT J AU Bednarcyk, BA Aboudi, J Arnold, SM AF Bednarcyk, Brett A. Aboudi, Jacob Arnold, Steven M. TI Enhanced composite damping through engineered interfaces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Composites; Damping; Micromechanics; Multiscale modeling; High-fidelity generalized method of cells; Homogenization ID POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITES; FIBER COMPOSITES; MODELS; MICROMECHANICS; ENERGY AB The damping properties of unidirectional, laminated, and woven composites have been predicted using a multiscale implementation of the High-Fidelity Generalized Method of Cells micromechanics theory. This model considers periodic repeating unit cell geometries on both the global and local scales and utilizes the constituent material specific damping coefficients, mechanical properties, and local fields, along with the strain energy approach, to determine effective directional specific damping coefficients of the composite. In addition to comparisons of the HFGMC predictions with results from the literature, the effect of a degraded fiber/matrix interface was examined parametrically. A significant finding was that strong maxima exist in the predicted composite damping coefficients as a function of degree of interfacial mechanical degradation. This suggests that drastic improvements in damping in composites can be achieved by properly engineering the fiber/matrix interface. The multiscale HFGMC simulations presented illustrate that the decrease in composite mechanical properties caused by such an engineered interface can be minimized when implemented within a technologically relevant laminate, while still maintaining an extreme improvement in the laminate damping properties. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bednarcyk, Brett A.; Arnold, Steven M.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Aboudi, Jacob] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Bednarcyk, BA (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. EM Brett.A.Bednarcyk@nasa.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 EI 1879-2146 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD AUG 15 PY 2016 VL 92-93 BP 91 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2016.04.020 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA DP4LY UT WOS:000378468600009 ER PT J AU Reichardt, A Dillon, RP Borgonia, JP Shapiro, AA McEnerney, BW Momose, T Hosemann, P AF Reichardt, Ashley Dillon, R. Peter Borgonia, John Paul Shapiro, Andrew A. McEnerney, Bryan W. Momose, Tatsuki Hosemann, Peter TI Development and characterization of Ti-6Al-4V to 304L stainless steel gradient components fabricated with laser deposition additive manufacturing SO MATERIALS & DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Laser deposition; Functionally graded; Ti-alloy; Stainless steel 304L; Fe-V sigma phase ID DIRECT METAL-DEPOSITION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COPPER INTERLAYER; ALLOY; TITANIUM; 304-STAINLESS-STEEL; MICROSTRUCTURES; EVOLUTION; CR AB In this study, a multi-hopper laser deposition system is used to additively manufacture functionally graded Ti-6Al-4V to 304L stainless steel components with a vanadium interlayer. Grain morphology, phase, and composition are mapped along the component gradients with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and mechanical property changes are assessed utilizing Vickers hardness and nanoindentation. Precipitation of brittle intermetallic compounds such as FeTi and the formation of an Fe-V-Cr sigma phase are confirmed to be the causes ofmid-fabrication cracking in the components. Guided by multicomponent phase diagrams, alternate paths in composition space are proposed to strategically avoid unfavorable phase formation along the gradient. Composition-dependent adjustment of process parameters is also proposed to reduce the prevalence of observed powder inclusions, homogenize grain morphology, and improve component mechanical properties. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Reichardt, Ashley; Hosemann, Peter] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dillon, R. Peter; Borgonia, John Paul; Shapiro, Andrew A.; McEnerney, Bryan W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Momose, Tatsuki] Tohoku Univ, Dept Mat Proc, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. RP Reichardt, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, 4155 Etcheverry Hall,MC 1730, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM areichar@berkeley.edu OI Hosemann, Peter/0000-0003-2281-2213 FU NASA [1534814] FX This paper was developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA (1534814). NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 40 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-1275 EI 1873-4197 J9 MATER DESIGN JI Mater. Des. PD AUG 15 PY 2016 VL 104 BP 404 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.05.016 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DN9FH UT WOS:000377384400047 ER PT J AU Marchione, D McCoustra, MRS AF Marchione, Demian McCoustra, Martin R. S. TI Non-covalent interaction of benzene with methanol and diethyl ether solid surfaces SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS; HYDROGEN-BONDS; SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; DESORPTION-KINETICS; CH/PI INTERACTIONS; PI-INTERACTIONS; DIMETHYL ETHER; GRAIN SURFACES AB We present laboratory experiments on binary, layered ices comprised of benzene (C6H6) on methanol (CH3OH) and on diethyl ether (CH3CH2OCH2CH3). Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) have been used to investigate the growth mechanisms in these systems. Ab initio quantum chemical calculations on simple gas-phase model clusters are used to aid interpretation of the experimental data by highlighting the key interactions established at the interface. Our observations are consistent with C6H6 forming islands on CH3OH, although evidence of strong hydrogen bonding interactions indicates some degree of surface wetting. In contrast, layer-by-layer growth is proposed for C6H6 on the CH3CH2OCH2CH3 substrate. C1 [Marchione, Demian; McCoustra, Martin R. S.] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Chem Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Marchione, Demian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Marchione, D (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Chem Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland.; Marchione, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM marchionedemian@gmail.com; m.r.s.mccoustra@hw.ac.uk OI McCoustra, Martin/0000-0002-5716-110X FU European Community FP7-ITN Marie-Curie Programme (LASSIE project) [238258]; Heriot-Watt University FX The authors would like to acknowledge the use of the EPSRC UK National Service for Computational Chemistry Software (NSCCS) at Imperial College London and contributions from its staff in carrying out this work. The authors acknowledge the support of the European Community FP7-ITN Marie-Curie Programme (LASSIE project, grant agreement #238258). Financial support from Heriot-Watt University for a number of upgrades to the UHV system is also acknowledged. DM clarifies that his contribution to this work has been done as a private venture and not in the author's capacity as an affiliate of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. The authors would like to thank Prof. Maciej Gutowski (Heriot-Watt University) and Dr Enrico Ronca (Princeton University) for the very helpful discussions. NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2016 VL 18 IS 30 BP 20790 EP 20801 DI 10.1039/c6cp01787h PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DT4CV UT WOS:000381428600084 PM 27414704 ER PT J AU Lefevre, R Berthebaud, D Bux, S Hebert, S Gascoin, F AF Lefevre, Robin Berthebaud, David Bux, Sabah Hebert, Sylvie Gascoin, Franck TI Magnetic and thermoelectric properties of the ternary pseudo-hollandite BaxCr5Se8 (0.5 < x < 0.55) solid solution SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID HIGHER MANGANESE SILICIDES; CHALCOGENIDES; CHROMIUM; PERFORMANCE AB The structure of Ba0.5Cr5Se8 has been recently resolved, and its thermoelectric and magnetic properties have been studied. A ZT of 0.12 was found at around 800 K. Here, we report a study on the pseudohollandite BaxCr5Se8 solid-solution with 0.5 <= x <= 0.55 and its thermoelectric and magnetic properties. There is no significant impact either on the cell parameters depending on the cation content or on the magnetic properties. However, thermoelectric properties are radically changed depending on x content. While the low thermal conductivity, around 0.8 W m(-1) K-1, remains similar for all samples, a respective increase and decrease of the resistivity and the Seebeck coefficient are observed with increasing Ba content. The maximum Seebeck coefficient is found with Ba0.5Cr5Se8 at around 635 K with 315 mu V K-1, and the Seebeck coefficient then decreases and is correlated with an activation of minority charge carriers confirmed by Hall measurements. A similar but steeper behavior is observed for the Ba0.55Cr5Se8 temperature dependence plot at around 573 K. Finally, the best thermoelectric performances are found using the lowest content of Ba, unlike when x tends to 0.55, ZT approaches a tenth of the initial best value. BaxCr5Se8 compounds are antiferromagnetic with T-N = 58 K. A large peak in thermal conductivity is observed around the antiferromagnetic transition for all stoichiometry. C1 [Lefevre, Robin; Berthebaud, David; Hebert, Sylvie; Gascoin, Franck] UCBN, ENSICAEN, CNRS, Lab CRISMAT,UMR 6508, 6 Blvd Marechal Juin, F-14050 Caen 04, France. [Bux, Sabah] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr MS 277-207, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gascoin, F (reprint author), UCBN, ENSICAEN, CNRS, Lab CRISMAT,UMR 6508, 6 Blvd Marechal Juin, F-14050 Caen 04, France. EM franck.gascoin@ensicaen.fr FU french Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-10-LABX-09-01]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA Science Missions Directorate's Radioisotope Power Systems Thermoelectric Technology Development Project FX Authors would like to thank Fabien Veillon for PPMS and MPMS SQUID measurements and Stephanie Gascoin for support concerning the powder X-ray diffraction experiments. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the french Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), through the program "Investissements d'Avenir" (ANR-10-LABX-09-01), LabEx EMC3. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Part of this work supported by the NASA Science Missions Directorate's Radioisotope Power Systems Thermoelectric Technology Development Project. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 EI 1477-9234 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PD AUG 14 PY 2016 VL 45 IS 30 BP 12119 EP 12126 DI 10.1039/c6dt02166b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA DT2RM UT WOS:000381328100024 PM 27396273 ER PT J AU Oetjen, H Payne, VH Neu, JL Kulawik, SS Edwards, DP Eldering, A Worden, HM Worden, JR AF Oetjen, Hilke Payne, Vivienne H. Neu, Jessica L. Kulawik, Susan S. Edwards, David P. Eldering, Annmarie Worden, Helen M. Worden, John R. TI A joint data record of tropospheric ozone from Aura-TES and MetOp-IASI SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY; NORTH-AMERICA; SURFACE OZONE; EMISSION SPECTROMETER; ASIAN EMISSIONS; ERROR ANALYSIS; SATELLITE; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; RETRIEVALS AB The Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) on Aura and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on MetOp-A together provide a time series of 10 years of free-tropospheric ozone with an overlap of 3 years. We characterise the differences between TES and IASI ozone measurements and find that IASI's coarser vertical sensitivity leads to a small (<5 ppb) low bias relative to TES for the free troposphere. The TES-IASI differences are not dependent on season or any other factor and hence the measurements from the two instruments can be merged, after correcting for the offset, in order to study decadal-scale changes in tropospheric ozone. We calculate time series of regional monthly mean ozone in the free troposphere over eastern Asia, the western United States (US), and Europe, carefully accounting for differences in spatial sampling between the instruments. We show that free-tropospheric ozone over Europe and the western US has remained relatively constant over the past decade but that, contrary to expectations, ozone over Asia in recent years does not continue the rapid rate of increase observed from 2004 to 2010. C1 [Oetjen, Hilke; Payne, Vivienne H.; Neu, Jessica L.; Kulawik, Susan S.; Eldering, Annmarie; Worden, John R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Oetjen, Hilke; Eldering, Annmarie] UCLA JPL Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kulawik, Susan S.] BAER Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. [Edwards, David P.; Worden, Helen M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Payne, VH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM vivienne.h.payne@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA [NNX11AE19G] FX We acknowledge the NOAA/CLASS data centre for the IASI Level 1c spectra and EUMETSAT for the Level 2 data. IASI is a joint mission of EUMETSAT and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France). Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We acknowledge NASA support under the grant NNX11AE19G. The Hilo ozone sonde data were provided by the Global Monitoring Division of NOAA (www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd). NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 12 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 15 BP 10229 EP 10239 DI 10.5194/acp-16-10229-2016 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV8ZR UT WOS:000383229600001 ER PT J AU Guerreiro, T Monteiro, F Martin, A Brask, JB Vertesi, T Korzh, B Caloz, M Bussieres, F Verma, VB Lita, AE Mirin, RP Nam, SW Marsilli, F Shaw, MD Gisin, N Brunner, N Zbinden, H Thew, RT AF Guerreiro, T. Monteiro, F. Martin, A. Brask, J. B. Vertesi, T. Korzh, B. Caloz, M. Bussieres, F. Verma, V. B. Lita, A. E. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. Marsilli, F. Shaw, M. D. Gisin, N. Brunner, N. Zbinden, H. Thew, R. T. TI Demonstration of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering Using Single-Photon Path Entanglement and Displacement-Based Detection SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; AMPLIFICATION; NONLOCALITY; GENERATION; INEQUALITY; VIOLATION; OPTICS; STATES; ATOMS AB We demonstrate the violation of an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering inequality developed for singlephoton path entanglement with displacement-based detection. We use a high-rate source of heralded singlephoton path-entangled states, combinedwith high-efficiency superconducting-based detectors, in a scheme that is free of any postselection and thus immune to the detection loophole. This result conclusively demonstrates single-photon entanglement in a one-sided device-independent scenario, and opens the way towards implementations of device-independent quantum technologies within the paradigm of path entanglement. C1 [Guerreiro, T.; Monteiro, F.; Martin, A.; Korzh, B.; Caloz, M.; Bussieres, F.; Gisin, N.; Zbinden, H.; Thew, R. T.] Univ Geneva, Appl Phys Grp, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Brask, J. B.; Brunner, N.] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Theor, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Vertesi, T.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, POB 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. [Verma, V. B.; Lita, A. E.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marsilli, F.; Shaw, M. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Brunner, N (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Theor, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. EM nicolas.brunner@unige.ch; robert.thew@unige.ch RI Brask, Jonatan Bohr/A-5931-2017; Vertesi, Tamas/B-3416-2017; Bussieres, Felix/E-5384-2011; OI Brask, Jonatan Bohr/0000-0003-3859-0272; Vertesi, Tamas/0000-0003-4437-9414; Bussieres, Felix/0000-0003-0234-175X; /0000-0003-0188-6053; Jung, Kyuhyun/0000-0001-8631-610X FU Swiss national science foundation [200021_159592]; Swiss national science foundation (starting grant DIAQ); NCCR-QSIT; OTKA Grant [K111734]; EU project SIQS Grant [600645]; DARPA QUINESS program FX The authors thank Natalia Bruno for assistance with the HSPS and LO setups. This work was supported by the Swiss national science foundation (Grant No. 200021_159592 and starting grant DIAQ), the NCCR-QSIT, the OTKA Grant No. K111734, as well as the EU project SIQS Grant No. 600645. NIST acknowledges funding from the DARPA QUINESS program. Part of the research on the detectors was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 12 PY 2016 VL 117 IS 7 AR 070404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.070404 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DT4VH UT WOS:000381478800001 PM 27563941 ER PT J AU Nielsen, J Hedeholm, RB Heinemeier, J Bushnell, PG Christiansen, JS Olsen, J Ramsey, CB Brill, RW Simon, M Steffensen, KF Steffensen, JF AF Nielsen, Julius Hedeholm, Rasmus B. Heinemeier, Jan Bushnell, Peter G. Christiansen, Jorgen S. Olsen, Jesper Ramsey, Christopher Bronk Brill, Richard W. Simon, Malene Steffensen, Kirstine F. Steffensen, John F. TI Eye lens radiocarbon reveals centuries of longevity in the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POST-BOMB RADIOCARBON; FEEDING ECOLOGY; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; AGE VALIDATION; LAMNA-NASUS; PRE-BOMB; FOOD-WEB; CALIBRATION; OTOLITHS; DELTA-N-15 AB The Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus), an iconic species of the Arctic Seas, grows slowly and reaches >500 centimeters (cm) in total length, suggesting a life span well beyond those of other vertebrates. Radiocarbon dating of eye lens nuclei from 28 female Greenland sharks (81 to 502 cm in total length) revealed a life span of at least 272 years. Only the smallest sharks (220 cm or less) showed signs of the radiocarbon bomb pulse, a time marker of the early 1960s. The age ranges of prebomb sharks (reported as midpoint and extent of the 95.4% probability range) revealed the age at sexual maturity to be at least 156 +/- 22 years, and the largest animal (502 cm) to be 392 +/- 120 years old. Our results show that the Greenland shark is the longest-lived vertebrate known, and they raise concerns about species conservation. C1 [Nielsen, Julius; Steffensen, Kirstine F.; Steffensen, John F.] Univ Copenhagen, Marine Biol Sect, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingor, Denmark. [Nielsen, Julius; Hedeholm, Rasmus B.] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, POB 570,Kivioq 2, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Nielsen, Julius] Natl Aquarium Denmark, Den Bla Planet, Jacob Fortlingsvej 1, DK-2770 Kastrup, Denmark. [Nielsen, Julius; Christiansen, Jorgen S.] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Heinemeier, Jan; Olsen, Jesper] Aarhus Univ, Aarhus AMS Ctr, Dept Phys & Astron, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Bushnell, Peter G.] Indiana Univ South Bend, Dept Biol Sci, 1700 Mishawaka Ave, South Bend, IN USA. [Ramsey, Christopher Bronk] Univ Oxford, Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Dyson Perrins Bldg,South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Brill, Richard W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Brill, Richard W.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Simon, Malene] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Greenland Climate Res Ctr, POB 570,Kivioq 2, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. RP Nielsen, J (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Marine Biol Sect, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingor, Denmark.; Nielsen, J (reprint author), Greenland Inst Nat Resources, POB 570,Kivioq 2, Nuuk 3900, Greenland.; Nielsen, J (reprint author), Natl Aquarium Denmark, Den Bla Planet, Jacob Fortlingsvej 1, DK-2770 Kastrup, Denmark.; Nielsen, J (reprint author), UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. EM julius.nielsen@bio.ku.dk RI Olsen, Jesper/F-1656-2013; Steffensen, John/F-6778-2010 OI Olsen, Jesper/0000-0002-4445-5520; Steffensen, John/0000-0002-4477-8039 FU Commission of Scientific Investigations in Greenland (KVUG); Save Our Seas Foundation; National Geographic Foundation; Carlsberg Foundation; Danish Centre for Marine Research; Den Bla Planet-National Aquarium of Denmark; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources (GINR); Danish Council for Independent Research FX We are grateful for the contributions from M. B. Backe throughout the manuscript. We thank the Commission of Scientific Investigations in Greenland (KVUG), Save Our Seas Foundation, National Geographic Foundation, Carlsberg Foundation, Danish Centre for Marine Research, Den Bla Planet-National Aquarium of Denmark, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources (GINR), and the Danish Council for Independent Research for financial support. We thank GINR, the University of Copenhagen and the TUNU Programme (UIT, The Arctic University of Norway) for ship time. We are grateful for the collaboration with K.P. Lange. We thank the crews of the RV Pamiut, RV Dana, RV Helmer Hanssen, RV Sanna, and RV Porsild. Three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments and discussion that improved earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 44 U2 61 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 12 PY 2016 VL 353 IS 6300 BP 702 EP 704 DI 10.1126/science.aaf1703 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DT5ZC UT WOS:000381561200041 PM 27516602 ER PT J AU Sawyer, AH David, CH Famiglietti, JS AF Sawyer, Audrey H. David, Cedric H. Famiglietti, James S. TI Continental patterns of submarine groundwater discharge reveal coastal vulnerabilities SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC ISLANDS; INTRUSION; AQUIFERS; FLUXES; WATERS; INPUTS; OCEAN AB Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) delivers water and dissolved chemicals from continents to oceans, and its spatial distribution affects coastal water quality. Unlike rivers, SGD is broadly distributed and relatively difficult to measure, especially at continental scales. We present spatially resolved estimates of fresh (land-derived) SGD for the contiguous United States, based on historical climate records and high-resolution hydrographic data. Climate controls regional patterns in fresh SGD, while coastal drainage geometry imparts strong local variability. Because the recharge zones that contribute fresh SGD are densely populated, the quality and quantity of fresh SGD are both vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbance. Our analysis unveils hot spots for contaminant discharge to marine waters and saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers. C1 [Sawyer, Audrey H.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [David, Cedric H.; Famiglietti, James S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sawyer, AH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM sawyer.143@osu.edu FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; NASA; NASA SWOT and Sea Level Science Teams; NSF [EAR-1446724]; Ohio State University School of Earth Sciences FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their suggestions, and M. Durand, H. Michael, C. Russoniello, and J. Heiss for discussions. Supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA, and grants from the NASA SWOT and Sea Level Science Teams (C.H.D. and J.S.F.); NSF grant EAR-1446724; and the Ohio State University School of Earth Sciences. The authors declare no competing interests. Fresh SGD rates and associated data are freely available at http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.58871. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 28 U2 28 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 12 PY 2016 VL 353 IS 6300 BP 705 EP 707 DI 10.1126/science.aag1058 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DT5ZC UT WOS:000381561200042 PM 27492476 ER PT J AU Weston, JHS Sokoloski, JL Chomiuk, L Linford, JD Nelson, T Mukai, K Finzell, T Mioduszewski, A Rupen, MP Walter, FM AF Weston, Jennifer H. S. Sokoloski, J. L. Chomiuk, Laura Linford, Justin D. Nelson, Thomas Mukai, Koji Finzell, Tom Mioduszewski, Amy Rupen, Michael P. Walter, Frederick M. TI Shock-powered radio emission from V5589 Sagittarii (Nova Sgr 2012 #1) SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries: general; novae; cataclysmic variables; stars: variables: general; stars: winds; outflows; radio continuum: stars; X-rays: stars ID X-RAY-EMISSION; RS-OPHIUCHI; CLASSICAL NOVAE; 2006 OUTBURST; BLAST WAVE; V407 CYG; THERMAL EMISSION; WHITE-DWARF; EJECTA MASS; V1723 AQL AB Since the Fermi discovery of gamma-rays from novae, one of the biggest questions in the field has been how novae generate such high-energy emission. Shocks must be a fundamental ingredient. Six months of radio observations of the 2012 Nova V5589 Sgr with the VLA and 15 weeks of X-ray observations with Swift/XRT show that the radio emission consisted of: (1) a shock-powered, non-thermal flare; and (2) weak thermal emission from 10(-5) M-aS (TM) of freely expanding, photoionized ejecta. Absorption features in the optical spectrum and the peak optical brightness suggest that V5589 Sgr lies 4 kpc away (3.2-4.6 kpc). The shock-powered flare dominated the radio light curve at low frequencies before day 100. The spectral evolution of the radio flare, its high radio brightness temperature, the presence of unusually hard (kT(x) > 33 keV) X-rays, and the ratio of radio to X-ray flux near radio maximum all support the conclusions that the flare was shock-powered and non-thermal. Unlike most other novae with strong shock-powered radio emission, V5589 Sgr is not embedded in the wind of a red-giant companion. Based on the similar inclinations and optical line profiles of V5589 Sgr and V959 Mon, we propose that shocks in V5589 Sgr formed from collisions between a slow flow with an equatorial density enhancement and a subsequent faster flow. We speculate that the relatively high speed and low mass of the ejecta led to the unusual radio emission from V5589 Sgr, and perhaps also to the non-detection of gamma-rays. C1 [Weston, Jennifer H. S.; Sokoloski, J. L.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Chomiuk, Laura; Linford, Justin D.; Finzell, Tom] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Nelson, Thomas] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Mukai, Koji] NASA, GSFC, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mukai, Koji] NASA, GSFC, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mukai, Koji] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Mioduszewski, Amy] Natl Radio Astron Observ, POB O, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Rupen, Michael P.] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Astron Program, Domin Radio Astrophys Observ, POB 248, Penticton, BC V2A 6J9, Canada. [Rupen, Michael P.] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Astrophys Program, Domin Radio Astrophys Observ, POB 248, Penticton, BC V2A 6J9, Canada. [Walter, Frederick M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Weston, JHS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM jennifer@astro.columbia.edu; no@astro.columbia.edu; chomiuk@pa.msu.edu FU NSF [AST-1211778]; NRAO [NRAO 343777]; NASA [NNH13ZDA001N-FERMI, NNX13A091G]; Provost of Stony Brook University; VLA [S4322] FX We thank NRAO for its generous allocation of time which made this work possible. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. JW and JLS acknowledge support from NSF award AST-1211778. JW was supported in part by a Student Observing Support award from NRAO (NRAO 343777). LC, JL, and TF are supported by NASA Fermi Guest Investigator grant NNH13ZDA001N-FERMI. TN was supported in part by NASA award NNX13A091G. FMW thanks the Provost of Stony Brook University for providing support for continued participation in SMARTS. We acknowledge with thanks the variable star observations from the AAVSO International Database contributed by observers worldwide and used as reference in this work. Thanks to C.C. Cheung for use of data from VLA programme S4322. Thanks to Glen Petitpas for SMA data reduction. Thanks to Tim Cunningham, Eric Gotthelf, David Schiminovich, and Slavko Bogdanov for useful discussion. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 2016 VL 460 IS 3 BP 2687 EP 2697 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw1161 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DT0WV UT WOS:000381204600029 ER PT J AU Zemko, P Orio, M Mukai, K Bianchini, A Ciroi, S Cracco, V AF Zemko, P. Orio, M. Mukai, K. Bianchini, A. Ciroi, S. Cracco, V. TI V4743 Sgr, a magnetic nova? SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: individual: V4743 Sgr; novae; cataclysmic variables ID X-RAY; INTERMEDIATE POLARS; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; LIGHT CURVES; V2491 CYG; OSCILLATIONS; ATMOSPHERES; SAGITTARII; ACCRETION; EVOLUTION AB Two XMM-Newton observations of Nova V4743 Sgr (Nova Sgr 2002) were performed shortly after it returned to quiescence, 2 and 3.5 yr after the explosion. The X-ray light curves revealed a modulation with a frequency of a parts per thousand integral 0.75 mHz, indicating that V4743 Sgr is most probably an intermediate polar (IP). The X-ray spectra have characteristics in common with known IPs, with a hard thermal plasma component that can be fitted only assuming a partially covering absorber. In 2004, the X-ray spectrum had also a supersoft blackbody-like component, whose temperature was close to that of the white dwarf (WD) in the supersoft X-ray phase following the outburst, but with flux by at least two orders of magnitude lower. In quiescent IPs, a soft X-ray flux component originates at times in the polar regions irradiated by an accretion column, but the supersoft component of V4743 Sgr disappeared in 2006, indicating a possible origin different from accretion. We suggest that it may have been due to an atmospheric temperature gradient on the WD surface, or to continuing localized thermonuclear burning at the bottom of the envelope, before complete turn-off. An optical spectrum obtained with Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) 11.5 yr after the outburst showed a prominent He ii lambda 4686 line and the Bowen blend, which reveal a very hot region, but with peak temperature shifted to the ultraviolet range. V4743 Sgr is the third post-outburst nova and IP candidate showing a low-luminosity supersoft component in the X-ray flux a few years after the outburst. C1 [Zemko, P.; Bianchini, A.; Ciroi, S.; Cracco, V.] Univ Padua, Dept Phys & Astron, Vicolo Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Orio, M.; Bianchini, A.] INAF Osservatorio Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Orio, M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, 475 N Charter Str, Madison, WI 53704 USA. [Mukai, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mukai, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mukai, K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Zemko, P (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Phys & Astron, Vicolo Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padua, Italy. EM polina.zemko@studenti.unipd.it FU CARIPARO foundation at the University of Padova; NASA FX Some of the observations reported in this paper were obtained with the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT). Polina Zemko acknowledges a pre-doctoral grant of the CARIPARO foundation at the University of Padova. Dr Orio was funded by the NASA XMM-Newton program. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 2016 VL 460 IS 3 BP 2744 EP 2751 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw1199 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DT0WV UT WOS:000381204600035 ER PT J AU Marino, S Matra, L Stark, C Wyatt, MC Casassus, S Kennedy, G Rodriguez, D Zuckerman, B Perez, S Dent, WRF Kuchner, M Hughes, AM Schneider, G Steele, A Roberge, A Donaldson, J Nesvold, E AF Marino, S. Matra, L. Stark, C. Wyatt, M. C. Casassus, S. Kennedy, G. Rodriguez, D. Zuckerman, B. Perez, S. Dent, W. R. F. Kuchner, M. Hughes, A. M. Schneider, G. Steele, A. Roberge, A. Donaldson, J. Nesvold, E. TI Exocometary gas in the HD 181327 debris ring SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars: individual: HD 181327; planetary systems; radio continuum: planetary systems ID ICY KUIPER-BELT; BETA-PICTORIS; ALMA OBSERVATIONS; MOLECULAR GAS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; PLANETARY EMBRYOS; YOUNG STARS; DUST; SYSTEM; EVOLUTION AB An increasing number of observations have shown that gaseous debris discs are not an exception. However, until now, we only knew of cases around A stars. Here we present the first detection of (CO)-C-12 (2-1) disc emission around an F star, HD 181327, obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations at 1.3 mm. The continuum and CO emission are resolved into an axisymmetric disc with ring-like morphology. Using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method coupled with radiative transfer calculations, we study the dust and CO mass distribution. We find the dust is distributed in a ring with a radius of 86.0 +/- 0.4 au and a radial width of 23.2 +/- 1.0 au. At this frequency, the ring radius is smaller than in the optical, revealing grain size segregation expected due to radiation pressure. We also report on the detection of low-level continuum emission beyond the main ring out to similar to 200 au. We model the CO emission in the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium regime and we find that the CO is co-located with the dust, with a total CO gas mass ranging between 1.2 x 10(-6) M-aS center dot and 2.9 x 10(-6) M-aS center dot, depending on the gas kinetic temperature and collisional partners densities. The CO densities and location suggest a secondary origin, i.e. released from icy planetesimals in the ring. We derive a CO+CO2 cometary composition that is consistent with Solar system comets. Due to the low gas densities, it is unlikely that the gas is shaping the dust distribution. C1 [Marino, S.; Matra, L.; Wyatt, M. C.; Kennedy, G.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Marino, S.; Casassus, S.; Rodriguez, D.; Perez, S.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Casilla 36-D, Santiago 36, Chile. [Marino, S.; Casassus, S.; Perez, S.] Millennium Nucleus Protoplanetary Disks, Santiago, Chile. [Stark, C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Rodriguez, D.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, Cent Pk West & 79th St, New York, NY 10034 USA. [Zuckerman, B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Dent, W. R. F.] Joint ALMA Observ, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Santiago 7630355, Chile. [Kuchner, M.; Roberge, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Hughes, A. M.] Wesleyan Univ, Van Vleck Observ, Dept Astron, 96 Foss Hill Dr, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Schneider, G.] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Steele, A.; Donaldson, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD USA. [Nesvold, E.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Marino, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England.; Marino, S (reprint author), Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Casilla 36-D, Santiago 36, Chile.; Marino, S (reprint author), Millennium Nucleus Protoplanetary Disks, Santiago, Chile. EM s.marino@ast.cam.ac.uk OI Marino, Sebastian/0000-0002-5352-2924; Kennedy, Grant/0000-0001-6831-7547 FU European Union through ERC [279973]; Millennium Nucleus (Chilean Ministry of Economy) [RC130007]; FONDECYT [1130949, 3140601]; Royal Society FX We thank Pablo Roman for his help developing the tools uvmem and uvsim used in this work. We also thank the referee for a constructive report. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2012.1.00437.S and ADS/JAO.ALMA#2013.1.00523.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan) and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. This work was supported by the European Union through ERC grant number 279973. SM, SC, SP acknowledge financial support from Millennium Nucleus RC130007 (Chilean Ministry of Economy), and additionally by FONDECYT grants 1130949 and 3140601. GMK is supported by the Royal Society as a Royal Society University Research Fellow. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 2016 VL 460 IS 3 BP 2933 EP 2944 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw1216 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DT0WV UT WOS:000381204600048 ER PT J AU Holmes, TRH Hain, CR Anderson, MC Crow, WT AF Holmes, Thomas R. H. Hain, Christopher R. Anderson, Martha C. Crow, Wade T. TI Cloud tolerance of remote-sensing technologies to measure land surface temperature SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; WATER-VAPOR; VALIDATION; MSG/SEVIRI; CYCLE AB Conventional methods to estimate land surface temperature (LST) from space rely on the thermal infrared (TIR) spectral window and is limited to cloud-free scenes. To also provide LST estimates during periods with clouds, a new method was developed to estimate LST based on passive-microwave (MW) observations. The MW-LST product is informed by six polar-orbiting satellites to create a global record with up to eight observations per day for each 0.25 degrees resolution grid box. For days with sufficient observations, a continuous diurnal temperature cycle (DTC) was fitted. The main characteristics of the DTC were scaled to match those of a geostationary TIR-LST product. This paper tests the cloud tolerance of the MW-LST product. In particular, we demonstrate its stable performance with respect to flux tower observation sites (four in Europe and nine in the United States), over a range of cloudiness conditions up to heavily overcast skies. The results show that TIR-based LST has slightly better performance than MW-LST for clear-sky observations but suffers an increasing negative bias as cloud cover increases. This negative bias is caused by incomplete masking of cloud-covered areas within the TIR scene that affects many applications of TIR-LST. In contrast, for MW-LST we find no direct impact of clouds on its accuracy and bias. MW-LST can therefore be used to improve TIR cloud screening. Moreover, the ability to provide LST estimates for cloud-covered surfaces can help expand current clear-sky-only satellite retrieval products to all-weather applications. C1 [Holmes, Thomas R. H.; Anderson, Martha C.; Crow, Wade T.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Holmes, Thomas R. H.] NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hain, Christopher R.] Univ Maryland, Earth Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Holmes, TRH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.; Holmes, TRH (reprint author), NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM thomas.r.holmes@nasa.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU NASA through the research grant "The Science of Terra and Aqua" [13-TERAQ13-0181] FX This work was funded by NASA through the research grant "The Science of Terra and Aqua" (13-TERAQ13-0181). We would further like to thank Li Fang (NOAA) for preparation and interpretation of GOES LST. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PD AUG 11 PY 2016 VL 20 IS 8 BP 3263 EP 3275 DI 10.5194/hess-20-3263-2016 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DV8IY UT WOS:000383181900001 ER PT J AU Jones, LW Habel, LA Weltzien, E Castillo, A Gupta, D Kroenke, CH Kwan, ML Quesenberry, CP Scott, J Sternfeld, B Yu, A Kushi, LH Caan, BJ AF Jones, Lee W. Habel, Laurel A. Weltzien, Erin Castillo, Adrienne Gupta, Dipti Kroenke, Candyce H. Kwan, Marilyn L. Quesenberry, Charles P., Jr. Scott, Jessica Sternfeld, Barbara Yu, Anthony Kushi, Lawrence H. Caan, Bette J. TI Exercise and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Women With Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; VIGOROUS EXERCISE; HEART-FAILURE; UNITED-STATES; THERAPY; DISEASE; SURVIVORS; MORTALITY; DEATH; REHABILITATION AB Purpose Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death among women with nonmetastatic breast cancer. Whether exercise is associated with reductions in CVD risk in patients with breast cancer with an elevated CVD risk phenotype is not known. Methods Using a prospective design, women (n = 2,973; mean age, 57 years) diagnosed with nonmetastatic breast cancer participating in two registry-based, regional cohort studies, completed a questionnaire that assessed leisure-time recreational physical activity (metabolic equivalent task [MET]-h/wk). The primary end point was the first occurrence of any of the following: new diagnosis of coronary artery disease, heart failure, valve abnormality, arrhythmia, stroke, or CVD death, occurring after study enrollment. Results Median follow-up was 8.6 years (range, 0.2 to 14.8 years). In multivariable analysis, the incidence of cardiovascular events decreased across increasing total MET-h/wk categories (P-trend < .001). Compared with, < 2 MET-h/wk, the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.76 to 1.09) for 2 to 10.9 MET-h/wk, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.66 to 0.96) for 11 to 24.5 MET-h/wk, and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.53 to 0.80) for >= 24.5 MET-h/wk. Similar trends were observed for the incidence of coronary artery disease and heart failure (Pvalues < .05). Adherence to national exercise guidelines for adult patients with cancer (ie, >= 9 MET-h/wk) was associated with an adjusted 23% reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events in comparison with not meeting the guidelines (< 9 MET-h/wk; P < .001). The association with exercise did not differ according to age, CVD risk factors, menopausal status, or anticancer treatment. Conclusion Exercise is associated with substantial, graded reductions in the incidence of cardiovascular events in women with nonmetastatic breast cancer. (C) 2016 by American Society of Clinical Oncology C1 [Jones, Lee W.; Gupta, Dipti; Yu, Anthony] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Habel, Laurel A.; Weltzien, Erin; Castillo, Adrienne; Kroenke, Candyce H.; Kwan, Marilyn L.; Quesenberry, Charles P., Jr.; Sternfeld, Barbara; Kushi, Lawrence H.; Caan, Bette J.] Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA USA. [Scott, Jessica] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Jones, LW (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM jonesl3@mskcc.org FU National Institutes of Health Awards [R01CA129059, R01CA105274]; National Cancer Institute; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [P30 CA008748]; National Cancer Institute's SEER Program [HHSN261201000026C]; Utah State Department of Health; University of Utah FX Supported by the National Institutes of Health Awards R01CA129059 (B.J.C.), R01CA105274 (L.H.K.), and research grants from the National Cancer Institute and the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Support Grant/Core Grant No. P30 CA008748 (L.W.J.). The Utah Cancer Registry is funded by Contract No. HHSN261201000026C from the National Cancer Institute's SEER Program, with additional support from the Utah State Department of Health and the University of Utah. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 11 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X EI 1527-7755 J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD AUG 10 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 23 BP 2743 EP + DI 10.1200/JCO.2015.65.6603 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA DU8MF UT WOS:000382467000011 PM 27217451 ER PT J AU da Costa, FR Kleint, L Petrosian, V Liu, W Allred, JC AF da Costa, Fatima Rubio Kleint, Lucia Petrosian, Vahe Liu, Wei Allred, Joel C. TI DATA-DRIVEN RADIATIVE HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING OF THE 2014 MARCH 29 X1.0 SOLAR FLARE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; line: profiles; radiative transfer; Sun: chromosphere; Sun: flares ID MG II H; PARTIAL FREQUENCY REDISTRIBUTION; REGION-IMAGING-SPECTROGRAPH; K LINES; CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION; IRIS OBSERVATIONS; ELECTRON-BEAMS; EMISSION; IBIS; RECONNECTION AB Spectroscopic observations of solar flares provide critical diagnostics of the physical conditions in the flaring atmosphere. Some key features in observed spectra have not yet been accounted for in existing flare models. Here we report a data-driven simulation of the well-observed X1.0 flare on 2014 March 29 that can reconcile some well-known spectral discrepancies. We analyzed spectra of the flaring region from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) in Mg II h&k, the Interferometric BIdimensional Spectropolarimeter at the Dunn Solar Telescope (DST/IBIS) in H alpha 6563 angstrom and Ca II 8542 angstrom, and the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscope Imager (RHESSI) in hard X-rays. We constructed a multithreaded flare loop model and used the electron flux inferred from RHESSI data as the input to the radiative hydrodynamic code RADYN to simulate the atmospheric response. We then synthesized various chromospheric emission lines and compared them with the IRIS and IBIS observations. In general, the synthetic intensities agree with the observed ones, especially near the northern footpoint of the flare. The simulated Mg II line profile has narrower wings than the observed one. This discrepancy can be reduced by using a higher microturbulent velocity (27 km s(-1)) in a narrow chromospheric layer. In addition, we found that an increase of electron density in the upper chromosphere within a narrow height range of similar to 800. km below the transition region can turn the simulated Mg II line core into emission and thus reproduce the single peaked profile, which is a common feature in all IRIS flares. C1 [da Costa, Fatima Rubio; Petrosian, Vahe] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kleint, Lucia] Univ Appl Sci & Arts Northwestern Switzerland, CH-5210 Windisch, Switzerland. [Liu, Wei] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, 625 2nd St,Suite 209, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Allred, Joel C.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 671, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP da Costa, FR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM frubio@stanford.edu RI Rubio da Costa, Fatima/F-8156-2010 OI Rubio da Costa, Fatima/0000-0002-8322-7141 FU NASA [NNX13AF79G, NNX14AG03G]; Marie Curie Fellowship; ESA; Norwegian Space Centre FX Work performed by F.R.dC, V.P. and W.L. is supported by NASA grants NNX13AF79G and NNX14AG03G. L.K. is supported by a Marie Curie Fellowship. J.C.A. is supported by NASA LWS and HSR grants. We thank J. Leenaarts, A. Kowalski, and F. Effenberger for their helpful discussions. We gratefully acknowledge the use of supercomputer resources provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center. IRIS is a NASA small explorer mission developed and operated by LMSAL with mission operations executed at NASA Ames Research center and major contributions to downlink communications funded by ESA and the Norwegian Space Centre. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 1 AR 38 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/38 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ZK UT WOS:000382009500038 ER PT J AU Fukumura, K Hendry, D Clark, P Tombesi, F Takahashi, M AF Fukumura, Keigo Hendry, Douglas Clark, Peter Tombesi, Francesco Takahashi, Masaaki TI SOFT X-RAY EXCESS FROM SHOCKED ACCRETING PLASMA IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; galaxies: individual (Ark. 120); galaxies: Seyfert; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); methods: numerical ID SEYFERT 1 GALAXIES; KERR BLACK-HOLE; LINE REGION SIZES; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; STANDING SHOCKS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; REFLECTION MODELS; COMPACT OBJECTS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CENTRAL MASSES AB We propose a novel theoretical model to describe the physical identity of the soft X-ray excess that is ubiquitously detected in many Seyfert galaxies, by considering a steady-state, axisymmetric plasma accretion within the innermost stable circular orbit around a black hole (BH) accretion disk. We extend our earlier theoretical investigations on general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic accretion, which implied that the accreting plasma can develop into a standing shock under suitable physical conditions, causing the downstream flow to be sufficiently hot due to shock compression. We perform numerical calculations to examine, for sets of fiducial plasma parameters, the physical nature of fast magnetohydrodynamic shocks under strong gravity for different BH spins. We show that thermal seed photons from the standard accretion disk can be effectively Compton up-scattered by the energized sub-relativistic electrons in the hot downstream plasma to produce the soft excess feature in X-rays. As a case study, we construct a three-parameter Comptonization model of inclination angle theta(obs), disk photon temperature kT(in), and downstream electron energy kT(e) to calculate the predicted spectra in comparison with a 60 ks XMM-Newton/EPIC-pn spectrum of a typical radio-quiet Seyfert 1 active galactic nucleus, Ark. 120. Our Chi(2)-analyses demonstrate that the model is plausible for successfully describing data for both non-spinning and spinning BHs with derived ranges of 61.3 keV less than or similar to kT(e) less than or similar to 144.3 keV, 21.6 eV less than or similar to kT(in) less than or similar to 34.0 eV, and 17 degrees.5 less than or similar to theta(obs) less than or similar to 42 degrees.6, indicating a compact Comptonizing region of three to four gravitational radii that resembles the putative X-ray coronae. C1 [Fukumura, Keigo; Hendry, Douglas; Clark, Peter] James Madison Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Tombesi, Francesco] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tombesi, Francesco] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tombesi, Francesco] Univ Maryland, CRESST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Takahashi, Masaaki] Aichi Univ Educ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kariya, Aichi 4488542, Japan. [Fukumura, Keigo] UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Fukumura, K (reprint author), James Madison Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA.; Fukumura, K (reprint author), UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM fukumukx@jmu.edu FU 4-VA Collaborative at James Madison University FX The authors acknowledge the anonymous referee for useful comments and questions. K.F. is grateful to Omer Blaes for his insightful suggestions about the disk simulations and Rozenn Boissay for a number of useful comments. Part of this work was conducted while at KITP of UCSB and was also supported in part by the 4-VA Collaborative at James Madison University. NR 117 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 1 AR 31 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/31 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ZK UT WOS:000382009500031 ER PT J AU Hensley, BS Draine, BT Meisner, AM AF Hensley, Brandon S. Draine, B. T. Meisner, Aaron M. TI A CASE AGAINST SPINNING PAHS AS THE SOURCE OF THE ANOMALOUS MICROWAVE EMISSION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; radiation mechanisms: general; radio continuum: ISM ID PERSEUS MOLECULAR-COMPLEX; DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; CENTIMETER-WAVE CONTINUUM; POWER SPECTRUM ESTIMATION; DUST EMISSION; GALACTIC EMISSION; ANISOTROPY-PROBE; COMPONENT SEPARATION; INFRARED-EMISSION; NGC 6946 AB We employ an all-sky map of the anomalous microwave emission (AME) produced by component separation of the microwave sky to study correlations between the AME and Galactic dust properties. We find that while the AME is highly correlated with all tracers of dust emission, the best predictor of the AME strength is the dust radiance. Fluctuations in the AME intensity per dust radiance are uncorrelated with fluctuations in the emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), casting doubt on the association between AME and PAHs. The PAH abundance is strongly correlated with the dust optical depth and dust radiance, consistent with PAH destruction in low density regions. We find that the AME intensity increases with increasing radiation field strength, at variance with predictions from the spinning dust hypothesis. Finally, the temperature dependence of the AME per dust radiance disfavors the interpretation of the AME as thermal emission. A reconsideration of other AME carriers, such as ultrasmall silicates, and other emission mechanisms, such as magnetic dipole emission, is warranted. C1 [Hensley, Brandon S.; Draine, B. T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hensley, Brandon S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Meisner, Aaron M.] Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Meisner, Aaron M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hensley, BS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Hensley, BS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM brandon.s.hensley@jpl.nasa.gov FU NSF grant [AST-1408723]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments that improved the quality of this work, and Kieran Cleary, Hans Kristian Eriksen, Doug Finkbeiner, Chelsea Huang, Alex Lazarian, Mike Peel, David Spergel, Ingunn Wehus, and Chris White for stimulating conversations. B.S.H. and B.T.D. acknowledge support from NSF grant AST-1408723. The research was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 1 AR 45 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/45 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ZK UT WOS:000382009500045 ER PT J AU Kay, C Opher, M Colaninno, RC Vourlidas, A AF Kay, C. Opher, M. Colaninno, R. C. Vourlidas, A. TI USING ForeCAT DEFLECTIONS AND ROTATIONS TO CONSTRAIN THE EARLY EVOLUTION OF CMEs SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC-FLUX TUBES; 2010 APRIL 8; ARRIVAL TIMES; 1 AU; PROPAGATION; EARTH; ROPE; ERUPTION; SUN AB To accurately predict the space weather effects of the impacts of coronal mass ejection (CME) at Earth one must know if and when a CME will impact Earth and the CME parameters upon impact. In 2015 Kay et al. presented. Forecasting a CME's Altered Trajectory (ForeCAT), a model for CME deflections based on the magnetic forces from the background solar magnetic field. Knowing the deflection and rotation of a CME enables prediction of Earth impacts and the orientation of the CME upon impact. We first reconstruct the positions of the 2010 April 8. and the 2012 July 12 CMEs from the observations. The first of these CMEs exhibits significant deflection and rotation (34 degrees deflection and 58 degrees rotation), while the second shows almost no deflection or rotation (< 3 degrees each). Using ForeCAT, we explore a range of initial parameters, such as the CME's location and size, and find parameters that can successfully reproduce the behavior for each CME. Additionally, since the deflection depends strongly on the behavior of a CME in the low corona, we are able to constrain the expansion and propagation of these CMEs in the low corona. C1 [Kay, C.; Opher, M.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Colaninno, R. C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Vourlidas, A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Kay, C.] NASA, Solar Phys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kay, C (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA.; Kay, C (reprint author), NASA, Solar Phys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM christina.d.kay@nasa.gov RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Colaninno, Robin/0000-0002-3253-4205 FU JHU/APL; NASA [S-136361-Y] FX C.K.'s research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at NASA GSFC, administered by the Universities Space Research Association under contract with NASA. A.V. acknowledges support from JHU/APL. R.C.C. acknowledges the support of NASA contract S-136361-Y to NRL. The SECCHI data are produced by an international consortium of the NRL, LMSAL, and NASA GSFC (USA), RAL and Univ. of Birmingham (UK), MPS (Germany), CSL (Belgium), IOTA and IAS (France). NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 1 AR 70 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/70 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ZK UT WOS:000382009500070 ER PT J AU Kostov, VB Orosz, JA Welsh, WF Doyle, LR Fabrycky, DC Haghighipour, N Quarles, B Short, DR Cochran, WD Endl, M Ford, EB Gregorio, J Hinse, TC Isaacson, H Jenkins, JM Jensen, ELN Kane, S Kull, I Latham, DW Lissauer, JJ Marcy, GW Mazeh, T Muller, TWA Pepper, J Quinn, SN Ragozzine, D Shporer, A Steffen, JH Torres, G Windmiller, G Borucki, WJ AF Kostov, Veselin B. Orosz, Jerome A. Welsh, William F. Doyle, Laurance R. Fabrycky, Daniel C. Haghighipour, Nader Quarles, Billy Short, Donald R. Cochran, William D. Endl, Michael Ford, Eric B. Gregorio, Joao Hinse, Tobias C. Isaacson, Howard Jenkins, Jon M. Jensen, Eric L. N. Kane, Stephen Kull, Ilya Latham, David W. Lissauer, Jack J. Marcy, Geoffrey W. Mazeh, Tsevi Mueller, Tobias W. A. Pepper, Joshua Quinn, Samuel N. Ragozzine, Darin Shporer, Avi Steffen, Jason H. Torres, Guillermo Windmiller, Gur Borucki, William J. TI KEPLER-1647B: THE LARGEST AND LONGEST-PERIOD KEPLER TRANSITING CIRCUMBINARY PLANET SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: eclipsing; planetary systems; stars: individual (KIC-5473556, Kepler-1647); techniques: photometric ID TERRESTRIAL EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; CLOSE BINARY-SYSTEMS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; M-CIRCLE-DOT; ECLIPSING BINARIES; CM-DRACONIS; TIDAL-EVOLUTION; DATA RELEASE; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; ECHELLE-SPECTROMETER AB We report the discovery of a new Kepler transiting circumbinary planet (CBP). This latest addition to the stillsmall family of CBPs defies the current trend of known short-period planets orbiting near the stability limit of binary stars. Unlike the previous discoveries, the planet revolving around the eclipsing binary system Kepler-1647 has a very long orbital period (similar to 1100 days) and was at conjunction only twice during the Kepler mission lifetime. Due to the singular configuration of the system, Kepler-1647b is not only the longest-period transiting CBP at the time of writing, but also one of the longest-period transiting planets. With a radius of 1.06 +/- 0.01 RJup, it is also the largest CBP to date. The planet produced three transits in the light curve of Kepler-1647 (one of them during an eclipse, creating a syzygy) and measurably perturbed the times of the stellar eclipses, allowing us to measure its mass, 1.52 +/- 0.65M(Jup). The planet revolves around an 11-day period eclipsing binary consisting of two solar-mass stars on a slightly inclined, mildly eccentric (e(bin) = 0.16), spin-synchronized orbit. Despite having an orbital period three times longer than Earth's, Kepler-1647b is in the conservative habitable zone of the binary star throughout its orbit. C1 [Kostov, Veselin B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Orosz, Jerome A.; Welsh, William F.; Short, Donald R.; Windmiller, Gur] San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Doyle, Laurance R.] SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Welsh, William F.] IMoP, Principia Coll, One Maybeck Pl, Elsah, IL 62028 USA. [Fabrycky, Daniel C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Haghighipour, Nader] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Quarles, Billy] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Phys Sci, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. [Quarles, Billy] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci Div MS 245 3, Code SST, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ford, Eric B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 428A Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gregorio, Joao] Atalaia Grp, Portalegre, Portugal. [Gregorio, Joao] Crow Observ, Portalegre, Portugal. [Hinse, Tobias C.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst KASI, Adv Astron & Space Sci Div, Daejeon 305348, South Korea. [Hinse, Tobias C.] Armagh Observ, Coll Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. [Isaacson, Howard; Marcy, Geoffrey W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jenkins, Jon M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Jenkins, Jon M.; Lissauer, Jack J.; Borucki, William J.] Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. [Kane, Stephen] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Kull, Ilya; Mazeh, Tsevi] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Latham, David W.; Torres, Guillermo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mueller, Tobias W. A.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Morgenstelle 10, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Pepper, Joshua] Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Quinn, Samuel N.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 25 Pk Pl NE Suite 600, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Ragozzine, Darin] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Shporer, Avi] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Steffen, Jason H.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Kostov, VB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM veselin.b.kostov@nasa.gov OI Jensen, Eric/0000-0002-4625-7333; /0000-0001-6545-639X; Pepper, Joshua/0000-0002-3827-8417 FU NASA's Science Mission Directorate; TRES instrument on the Fred L. Whipple Observatory 1.5 m telescope; Tull Coude Spectrograph on the McDonald Observatory 2.7 m Harlan J. Smith Telescope; HIRES instrument on the W. M. Keck Observatory 10 m telescope; HamSpec instrument on the Lick Observatory 3.5 m Shane telescope; WHIRC instrument on the WIYN 4 m telescope; Swarthmore College Observatory 0.6 m telescope; Canela's Robotic Observatory 0.3 m telescope; NASA under the Exoplanet Exploration Program; NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Ames Research Center; NASA [NNX13AI76G, NNX14AB91G]; NASA ADAP program [NNX13AF20G]; NASA PAST program [NNX14AJ38G]; KASI research grant [2015-1-850-04]; NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program FX We thank the referee for the insightful comments that helped us improve this paper. We thank Gibor Basri and Andrew Collier Cameron for helpful discussions regarding stellar activity, and Michael Abdul-Masih, Kyle Conroy, and Andrej Prsa for discussing the photometric centroid shifts and John Hood for his support. This research used observations from the Kepler mission, which is funded by NASA's Science Mission Directorate; the TRES instrument on the Fred L. Whipple Observatory 1.5 m telescope; the Tull Coude Spectrograph on the McDonald Observatory 2.7 m Harlan J. Smith Telescope; the HIRES instrument on the W. M. Keck Observatory 10 m telescope; the HamSpec instrument on the Lick Observatory 3.5 m Shane telescope; the WHIRC instrument on the WIYN 4 m telescope; the Swarthmore College Observatory 0.6 m telescope; and the Canela's Robotic Observatory 0.3 m telescope. This research made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France; data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) and the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT); and the NASA exoplanet archive NexSci49 and the NASA Community Follow-Up Observation Program (CFOP) website, operated by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute and the California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. V.B.K. and B.Q. gratefully acknowledge support by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center and at the Ames Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. W.F.W., J.A.O., G.W., and B.Q. gratefully acknowledge support from NASA via grants NNX13AI76G and NNX14AB91G. N.H. acknowledges support from the NASA ADAP program under grant NNX13AF20G and NASA PAST program grant NNX14AJ38G. T.C.H. acknowledges support from KASI research grant 2015-1-850-04. Part of the numerical computations have been carried out using the SFI/HEA Irish Center for High-End Computing (ICHEC) and the POLARIS computing cluster at the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI). This work was performed in part under contract with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. NR 134 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 1 AR 86 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/86 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ZK UT WOS:000382009500086 ER PT J AU Ngo, H Knutson, HA Hinkley, S Bryan, M Crepp, JR Batygin, K Crossfield, I Hansen, B Howard, AW Johnson, JA Mawet, D Morton, TD Muirhead, PS Wang, J AF Ngo, Henry Knutson, Heather A. Hinkley, Sasha Bryan, Marta Crepp, Justin R. Batygin, Konstantin Crossfield, Ian Hansen, Brad Howard, Andrew W. Johnson, John A. Mawet, Dimitri Morton, Timothy D. Muirhead, Philip S. Wang, Ji TI FRIENDS OF HOT JUPITERS. IV. STELLAR COMPANIONS BEYOND 50 au MIGHT FACILITATE GIANT PLANET FORMATION, BUT MOST ARE UNLIKELY TO CAUSE KOZAI-LIDOV MIGRATION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; binaries: eclipsing; methods: observational; planetary systems; planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability; techniques: high angular resolution ID SPIN-ORBIT MISALIGNMENT; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; LUCKY IMAGING SEARCH; TRANSIT LIGHT-CURVE; IN-SITU FORMATION; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; GAS-GIANT; HOST STARS; KEPLER OBJECTS AB Stellar companions can influence the formation and evolution of planetary systems, but there are currently few observational constraints on the properties of planet-hosting binary star systems. We search for stellar companions around 77 transiting hot Jupiter systems to explore the statistical properties of this population of companions as compared to field stars of similar spectral type. After correcting for survey incompleteness, we find that 47% +/- 7% of hot Jupiter systems have stellar companions with semimajor axes between 50 and 2000 au. This is 2.9 times larger than the field star companion fraction in this separation range, with a significance of 4.4 sigma. In the 1-50 au range, only 3.9(-2.0)(+4.5)% of hot Jupiters host stellar companions, compared to the field star value of 16.4% +/- 0.7%, which is a 2.7 sigma difference. We find that the distribution of mass ratios for stellar companions to hot Jupiter systems peaks at small values and therefore differs from that of field star binaries which tend to be uniformly distributed across all mass ratios. We conclude that either wide separation stellar binaries are more favorable sites for gas giant planet formation at all separations, or that the presence of stellar companions preferentially causes the inward migration of gas giant planets that formed farther out in the disk via dynamical processes such as Kozai-Lidov oscillations. We determine that less than 20% of hot Jupiters have stellar companions capable of inducing Kozai-Lidov oscillations assuming initial semimajor axes between 1 and 5 au, implying that the enhanced companion occurrence is likely correlated with environments where gas giants can form efficiently. C1 [Ngo, Henry; Knutson, Heather A.; Batygin, Konstantin] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hinkley, Sasha] Univ Exeter, Dept Phys & Astron, Exeter, Devon, England. [Bryan, Marta; Mawet, Dimitri; Wang, Ji] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Crepp, Justin R.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Crossfield, Ian] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hansen, Brad] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Howard, Andrew W.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Johnson, John A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mawet, Dimitri] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Morton, Timothy D.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Muirhead, Philip S.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Ngo, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM hngo@caltech.edu RI Muirhead, Philip/H-2273-2014; OI Muirhead, Philip/0000-0002-0638-8822; Ngo, Henry/0000-0001-5172-4859 FU NASA [NNX14AD24G]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [NNX15AR12H]; California Institute of Technology FX This work was supported by NASA grant NNX14AD24G. H.N. is grateful for funding support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program grant NNX15AR12H.; This work was based on observations at the W. M. Keck Observatory granted by the California Institute of Technology. We thank the observers who contributed to the measurements reported here and acknowledge the efforts of the Keck Observatory staff. We extend special thanks to those of Hawaiian ancestry on whose sacred mountain of Mauna Kea we are privileged to be guests. NR 107 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 1 AR 8 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/8 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ZK UT WOS:000382009500008 ER PT J AU Nord, B Buckley-Geer, E Lin, H Diehl, HT Helsby, J Kuropatkin, N Amara, A Collett, T Allam, S Caminha, GB De Bom, C Desai, S Dumet-Montoya, H Pereira, MED Finley, DA Flaugher, B Furlanetto, C Gaitsch, H Gill, M Merritt, KW More, A Tucker, D Saro, A Rykoff, ES Rozo, E Birrer, S Abdalla, FB Agnello, A Auger, M Brunner, RJ Kind, MC Castander, FJ Cunha, CE da Costa, LN Foley, RJ Gerdes, DW Glazebrook, K Gschwend, J Hartley, W Kessler, R Lagattuta, D Lewis, G Maia, MAG Makler, M Menanteau, E Niernberg, A Scolnic, D Vieira, JD Gramillano, R Abbott, TMC Banerji, M Benoit-Levy, A Brooks, D Burke, DL Capozzi, D Rosell, AC Carretero, J Andrea, CBD Dietrich, JP Doel, P Evrard, AE Frieman, J Gaztanaga, E Gruen, D Honscheid, K James, DJ Kuehn, K Li, TS Lima, M Marshall, JL Martini, P Melchior, P Miquel, R Neilsen, E Nichol, RC Ogando, R Plazas, AA Romer, AK Sako, M Sanchez, E Scarpine, V Schubnell, M Sevilla-Noarbe, I Smith, RC Soares-Santos, M Sobreira, E Suchyta, E Swanson, MEC Tarle, G Thaler, J Walker, AR Wester, W Zhang, Y AF Nord, B. Buckley-Geer, E. Lin, H. Diehl, H. T. Helsby, J. Kuropatkin, N. Amara, A. Collett, T. Allam, S. Caminha, G. B. De Bom, C. Desai, S. Dumet-Montoya, H. Pereira, M. Elidaiana da S. Finley, D. A. Flaugher, B. Furlanetto, C. Gaitsch, H. Gill, M. Merritt, K. W. More, A. Tucker, D. Saro, A. Rykoff, E. S. Rozo, E. Birrer, S. Abdalla, F. B. Agnello, A. Auger, M. Brunner, R. J. Kind, M. Carrasco Castander, F. J. Cunha, C. E. da Costa, L. N. Foley, R. J. Gerdes, D. W. Glazebrook, K. Gschwend, J. Hartley, W. Kessler, R. Lagattuta, D. Lewis, G. Maia, M. A. G. Makler, M. Menanteau, E. Niernberg, A. Scolnic, D. Vieira, J. D. Gramillano, R. Abbott, T. M. C. Banerji, M. Benoit-Levy, A. Brooks, D. Burke, D. L. Capozzi, D. Rosell, A. Carnero Carretero, J. Andrea, C. B. D' Dietrich, J. P. Doel, P. Evrard, A. E. Frieman, J. Gaztanaga, E. Gruen, D. Honscheid, K. James, D. J. Kuehn, K. Li, T. S. Lima, M. Marshall, J. L. Martini, P. Melchior, P. Miquel, R. Neilsen, E. Nichol, R. C. Ogando, R. Plazas, A. A. Romer, A. K. Sako, M. Sanchez, E. Scarpine, V. Schubnell, M. Sevilla-Noarbe, I. Smith, R. C. Soares-Santos, M. Sobreira, E. Suchyta, E. Swanson, M. E. C. Tarle, G. Thaler, J. Walker, A. R. Wester, W. Zhang, Y. CA DES Collaboration TI OBSERVATION AND CONFIRMATION OF SIX STRONG-LENSING SYSTEMS IN THE DARK ENERGY SURVEY SCIENCE VERIFICATION DATA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: distances and redshifts; gravitational lensing: strong; methods: observational; techniques: spectroscopic ID ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE; ALL-SKY SURVEY; GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED QUASARS; OPTICAL IMAGING SURVEYS; SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; GALAXY STRONG LENSES; SPT-SZ SURVEY; MULTIOBJECT SPECTROGRAPH; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; AUTOMATIC DETECTION AB We report the observation and confirmation of the first group-and cluster-scale strong gravitational lensing systems found in Dark Energy Survey data. Through visual inspection of data from the Science Verification season, we identified 53 candidate systems. We then obtained spectroscopic follow-up of 21 candidates using the Gemini Multi-object Spectrograph at the Gemini South telescope and the Inamori-Magellan Areal Camera and Spectrograph at the Magellan/Baade telescope. With this follow-up, we confirmed six candidates as gravitational lenses: three of the systems are newly discovered, and the remaining three were previously known. Of the 21 observed candidates, the remaining 15 either were not detected in spectroscopic observations, were observed and did not exhibit continuum emission (or spectral features), or were ruled out as lensing systems. The confirmed sample consists of one group-scale and five galaxy-cluster-scale lenses. The lensed sources range in redshift z similar to 0.80-3.2 and in i-band surface brightness i(SB) similar to 23-25 mag arcsec(-2) (2 '' aperture). For each of the six systems, we estimate the Einstein radius theta(E) and the enclosed mass M-enc, which have ranges theta(E) similar to 5 ''-9 '' and M-enc similar to 8 x 10(12) to 6 x 10(13)M(circle dot), respectively. C1 [Nord, B.; Buckley-Geer, E.; Lin, H.; Diehl, H. T.; Kuropatkin, N.; Allam, S.; Finley, D. A.; Flaugher, B.; Gaitsch, H.; Merritt, K. W.; Tucker, D.; Frieman, J.; Neilsen, E.; Scarpine, V.; Soares-Santos, M.; Sobreira, E.; Wester, W.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Helsby, J.; Kessler, R.; Scolnic, D.; Frieman, J.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Amara, A.; Birrer, S.; Hartley, W.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Wolfgang Pauli Str 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Collett, T.; Capozzi, D.; Andrea, C. B. D'; Nichol, R. C.] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England. [Caminha, G. B.; De Bom, C.; Pereira, M. Elidaiana da S.; Makler, M.] ICRA, Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rua Dr Xavier Sigaud 150, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Caminha, G. B.] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis & Sci Terra, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy. [De Bom, C.] Ctr Fed Educ Tecnol Celso Suckow Fonseca, Rodovia Mario Covas,Lote J2,Quadra J, BR-23810000 Itaguai, RJ, Brazil. [Desai, S.; Dietrich, J. P.] Excellence Cluster Univ, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Desai, S.; Dietrich, J. P.] Univ Munich, Fac Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Dumet-Montoya, H.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macac,Rua Aloisio Gomes da Silva, BR-27930560 Macac, RJ, Brazil. [Furlanetto, C.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Gill, M.; Rykoff, E. S.; Burke, D. L.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [More, A.] Univ Tokyo, Kavli IPMU WPI, UTIAS, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Saro, A.] Univ Munich, Fac Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Rykoff, E. S.; Cunha, C. E.; Burke, D. L.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, POB 2450, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Rozo, E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Abdalla, F. B.; Benoit-Levy, A.; Brooks, D.; Doel, P.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Abdalla, F. B.] Rhodes Univ, Dept Phys & Elect, POB 94, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Agnello, A.] PAB, Dept Phys & Astron, 430 Portola Plaza,Box 951547, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Auger, M.; Banerji, M.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Brunner, R. J.; Kind, M. Carrasco; Foley, R. J.; Menanteau, E.; Vieira, J. D.; Gramillano, R.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Brunner, R. J.; Kind, M. Carrasco; Menanteau, E.; Vieira, J. D.; Swanson, M. E. C.] Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, 1205 West Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Castander, F. J.; Carretero, J.; Gaztanaga, E.] IEEC CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Campus UAB,Caner Can Magrans,S-N, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [da Costa, L. N.; Gschwend, J.; Maia, M. A. G.; Rosell, A. Carnero; Lima, M.; Ogando, R.; Sobreira, E.] Lab Interinst E Astron LIneA, Rua Gal Jose Cristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [da Costa, L. N.; Gschwend, J.; Maia, M. A. G.; Rosell, A. Carnero; Ogando, R.] Observ Nacl, Rua Gal Jose Cristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RI, Brazil. [Foley, R. J.; Vieira, J. D.; Thaler, J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gerdes, D. W.; Evrard, A. E.; Schubnell, M.; Tarle, G.; Zhang, Y.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Glazebrook, K.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Lagattuta, D.] Univ Lyon 1, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, CNRS, Observ Lyon, 9 Ave Charles Andre, F-69561 St Genis Laval, France. [Lewis, G.] Univ Sydney, Sydney Inst Astron, Sch Phys A28, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Niernberg, A.; Honscheid, K.; Martini, P.; Melchior, P.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Abbott, T. M. C.; James, D. J.; Smith, R. C.; Walker, A. R.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile. [Banerji, M.] Univ Cambridge, Kavli Inst Cosmol, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Benoit-Levy, A.] CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Benoit-Levy, A.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Carretero, J.; Miquel, R.] Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, IFAE, Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Andrea, C. B. D'] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Evrard, A. E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gruen, D.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Gruen, D.] Univ Munich, Univ Sternwarte, Fak Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Honscheid, K.; Melchior, P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kuehn, K.] Australian Astron Observ, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia. [Li, T. S.; Marshall, J. L.] Texas A&M Univ, George P & Cynthia Woods Mitchell Inst Fundamenta, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Li, T. S.; Marshall, J. L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Lima, M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Fis Matemat, Inst Fis, CP 66318, BR-05314970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Martini, P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Melchior, P.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Miquel, R.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain. [Plazas, A. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Romer, A. K.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Pevensey Bldg, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Sako, M.; Suchyta, E.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Sanchez, E.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.] CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain. RP Nord, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM nord@fnal.gov RI Lima, Marcos/E-8378-2010; Bartosch Caminha, Gabriel/C-8952-2013; Ogando, Ricardo/A-1747-2010; Gaztanaga, Enrique/L-4894-2014; OI Bartosch Caminha, Gabriel/0000-0001-6052-3274; Ogando, Ricardo/0000-0003-2120-1154; Gaztanaga, Enrique/0000-0001-9632-0815; Abdalla, Filipe/0000-0003-2063-4345; Sobreira, Flavia/0000-0002-7822-0658 FU U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. National Science Foundation; Ministry of Science and Education of Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom; Higher Education Funding Council for England; National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago; Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University; Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas AM University; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos; Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnologico; Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Science Foundation [AST-1138766]; MINECO [AYA2012-39559, ESP2013-48274, FPA2013-47986]; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa [SEV-2012-0234]; ERDF funds from the European Union; Argonne National Laboratory; University of California at Santa Cruz; University of Cambridge; Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas; Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid; University of Chicago; University College London; DES-Brazil Consortium; Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; University of Edinburgh; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC); Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe; University of Michigan; National Optical Astronomy Observatory; University of Nottingham; Ohio State University; University of Pennsylvania; University of Portsmouth; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Stanford University; University of Sussex; Texas AM University; CAPES [12203-1]; CNPq; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnologico and the Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number AST-1138766. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2012-39559, ESP2013-48274, FPA2013-47986, and Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa SEV-2012-0234, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union.; The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Edinburgh, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, the University of Nottingham, the Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, and Texas A&M University.; C.F. acknowledges funding from CAPES (proc. 12203-1). This paper has gone through internal review by the DES collaboration. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System.; C.D.B. would like to thank CNPq for the financial support.; R.J.F. gratefully acknowledges support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.; Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 1 AR 51 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/51 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ZK UT WOS:000382009500051 ER PT J AU Salmon, B Papovich, C Long, J Willner, SP Finkelstein, SL Ferguson, HC Dickinson, M Duncan, K Faber, SM Hathi, N Koekemoer, A Kurczynski, P Newman, J Pacifici, C Perez-Gonzalez, PG Pforr, J AF Salmon, Brett Papovich, Casey Long, James Willner, S. P. Finkelstein, Steven L. Ferguson, Henry C. Dickinson, Mark Duncan, Kenneth Faber, S. M. Hathi, Nimish Koekemoer, Anton Kurczynski, Peter Newman, Jeffery Pacifici, Camilla Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo G. Pforr, Janine TI BREAKING THE CURVE WITH CANDELS: A BAYESIAN APPROACH TO REVEAL THE NON-UNIVERSALITY OF THE DUST-ATTENUATION LAW AT HIGH REDSHIFT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: general; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: statistics ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SIMILAR-TO 2; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; ORIGINS DEEP SURVEY; GOODS-SOUTH FIELD; STELLAR POPULATION SYNTHESIS; EXTRAGALACTIC LEGACY SURVEY; LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD AB Dust attenuation affects nearly all observational aspects of galaxy evolution, yet very little is known about the form of the dust-attenuation law in the distant universe. Here, we model the spectral energy distributions of galaxies at z similar to 1.5-3 from CANDELS with rest-frame UV to near-IR imaging under different assumptions about the dust law, and compare the amount of inferred attenuated light with the observed infrared (IR) luminosities. Some individual galaxies show strong Bayesian evidence in preference of one dust law over another, and this preference agrees with their observed location on the plane of infrared excess (IRX, L-TIR/L-UV) and UV slope (beta). We generalize the shape of the dust law with an empirical model, A(lambda,delta) = E(B - V)k(lambda) (lambda/lambda(V))(delta) where k(lambda) is the dust law of Calzetti et al., and show that there exists a correlation between the color excess E (B-V) and tilt delta with delta = (0.62 +/- 0.05)log(E(B - V))+(0.26 +/- 0.02). Galaxies with high color excess have a shallower, starburst-like law, and those with low color excess have a steeper, SMC-like law. Surprisingly, the galaxies in our sample show no correlation between the shape of the dust law and stellar mass, star formation rate, or beta. The change in the dust law with color excess is consistent with a model where attenuation is caused by scattering, a mixed star-dust geometry, and/or trends with stellar population age, metallicity, and dust grain size. This rest-frame UV-to-near-IR method shows potential to constrain the dust law at even higher redshifts (z > 3). C1 [Salmon, Brett; Papovich, Casey] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, George P & Cynthia W Mitchell Inst Fundamental Ph, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Long, James] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Willner, S. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Finkelstein, Steven L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ferguson, Henry C.; Koekemoer, Anton] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Dickinson, Mark] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Duncan, Kenneth] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Duncan, Kenneth] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Faber, S. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hathi, Nimish; Pforr, Janine] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Kurczynski, Peter] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Newman, Jeffery] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, 3941 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Newman, Jeffery] PITT PACC, 3941 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Pacifici, Camilla] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo G.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac CC Fis, Dept Astrofis, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Salmon, B (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, George P & Cynthia W Mitchell Inst Fundamental Ph, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM bsalmon@physics.tamu.edu RI Hathi, Nimish/J-7092-2014; OI Hathi, Nimish/0000-0001-6145-5090; Salmon, Brett/0000-0002-7453-7279; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NAS5-26555]; HST program [GO-12060]; NASA grant from Space Telescope Science Institute [GO-12060]; Spanish MINECO [AYA2012-31277] FX We thank the referee for thoughtful and constructive feedback on this work. We acknowledge our colleagues in the CANDELS collaboration for very useful comments and suggestions. We also thank the great effort of all the CANDELS team members for their work to provide a robust and valuable data set. We thank Karl Gordon for insightful discussions on the physical implications of these results. We also thank Daniela Calzetti and Veronique Buat for helpful comments and comments. This work is based in part on observations taken by the CANDELS Multi-Cycle Treasury Program with the NASA/ESA HST, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This work is supported by HST program No. GO-12060. Support for Program No. GO-12060 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. We acknowledge the Spanish MINECO grant AYA2012-31277 for funding the contribution from Pablo Perez-Gonzalez. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The authors acknowledge the Texas A&M University Brazos HPC cluster that contributed to the research reported here. URL: http://brazos.tamu.edu. NR 144 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 1 AR 20 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/20 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ZK UT WOS:000382009500020 ER PT J AU Sinukoff, E Howard, AW Petigura, EA Schlieder, JE Crossfield, IJM Ciardi, DR Fulton, BJ Isaacson, H Aller, KM Baranec, C Beichman, CA Hansen, BMS Knutson, HA Law, NM Liu, MC Riddle, R Dressing, CD AF Sinukoff, Evan Howard, Andrew W. Petigura, Erik A. Schlieder, Joshua E. Crossfield, Ian J. M. Ciardi, David R. Fulton, Benjamin J. Isaacson, Howard Aller, Kimberly M. Baranec, Christoph Beichman, Charles A. Hansen, Brad M. S. Knutson, Heather A. Law, Nicholas M. Liu, Michael C. Riddle, Reed Dressing, Courtney D. TI ELEVEN MULTIPLANET SYSTEMS FROM K2 CAMPAIGNS 1 AND 2 AND THE MASSES OF TWO HOT SUPER-EARTHS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars: late-type; stars: solar-type; techniques: photometric; techniques: radial velocities; techniques: spectroscopic ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; INFRARED TELESCOPE FACILITY; LASER ADAPTIVE OPTICS; PLANETARY CANDIDATES; M-DWARFS; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; SOLID EXOPLANETS; RADIAL-VELOCITY; BAND SPECTRA AB We present a catalog of 11 multiplanet systems from Campaigns 1 and 2 of the K2 mission. We report the sizes and orbits of 26 planets split between seven two-planet systems and four three-planet systems. These planets stem from a systematic search of the K2 photometry for all dwarf stars observed by K2 in these fields. We precisely characterized the host stars with adaptive optics imaging and analysis of high-resolution optical spectra from Keck/HIRES and medium-resolution spectra from IRTF/SpeX. We confirm two planet candidates by mass detection and validate the remaining 24 candidates to >99% confidence. Thirteen planets were previously validated or confirmed by other studies, and 24 were previously identified as planet candidates. The planets are mostly smaller than Neptune (21/26 planets), as in the Kepler mission, and all have short periods (P < 50 days) due to the duration of the K2 photometry. The host stars are relatively bright (most have Kp < 12.5 mag) and are amenable to follow-up characterization. For K2-38, we measured precise radial velocities using Keck/HIRES and provide initial estimates of the planet masses. K2-38b is a short-period super-Earth with a radius of 1.55 +/- 0.16 R-circle plus, a mass of 12.0 +/- 2.9M(circle plus), and a high density consistent with an iron-rich composition. The outer planet K2-38c is a lower-density sub-Neptune-size planet with a radius of 2.42 +/- 0.29 R-circle plus and a mass of 9.9 +/- 4.6M(circle plus) that likely has a substantial envelope. This new planet sample demonstrates the capability of K2 to discover numerous planetary systems around bright stars. C1 [Sinukoff, Evan; Howard, Andrew W.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Aller, Kimberly M.; Baranec, Christoph; Liu, Michael C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Petigura, Erik A.; Knutson, Heather A.; Dressing, Courtney D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Schlieder, Joshua E.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Crossfield, Ian J. M.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, 1629 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ciardi, David R.; Beichman, Charles A.] CALTECH, NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst, 770 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Isaacson, Howard] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hansen, Brad M. S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hansen, Brad M. S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Law, Nicholas M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Riddle, Reed] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Sinukoff, E (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. OI Ciardi, David/0000-0002-5741-3047; Isaacson, Howard/0000-0002-0531-1073; Fulton, Benjamin/0000-0003-3504-5316 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-HF2-51365.001-A]; NASA [NAS 5-26555]; NASA Astrophysics Data Analysis Program grant; K2 Guest Observer Program; European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) [313014]; NASA Postdoctoral Program at NASA Ames Research Center; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [2014184874]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; MAST [NNX09AF08G]; Robert Martin Ayers Sciences Fund; National Science Foundation [AST-0906060, AST-0960343, AST-1207891]; Mt. Cuba Astronomical Foundation; Robo-AO; University of Hawai'i; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation FX We thank Sam Grunblatt, Matthew Hosek Jr., John Livingston, and Geoff Marcy for helpful discussions. We thank Lauren Weiss and Lea Hirsch for their help with observing with Keck-HIRES. E.S. is supported by a postgraduate scholarship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). E.A.P. acknowledges support from a Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51365.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA under contract NAS 5-26555. A.W.H. acknowledges support for our K2 team through a NASA Astrophysics Data Analysis Program grant. A.W.H. and I.J.M.C. acknowledge support from the K2 Guest Observer Program. E.D.L. received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 313014 (ETAEARTH). The research of J.E.S. was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at NASA Ames Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. B.J.F. acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant no. 2014184874. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work made use of the SIMBAD database (operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France), NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services, and data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), the APASS database, the SDSS-III project, and the Digitized Sky Survey. Some of the data presented in this paper were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). Support for MAST for non-HST data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science via grant NNX09AF08G and by other grants and contracts. This research was made possible through the use of the AAVSO Photometric All-Sky Survey (APASS), funded by the Robert Martin Ayers Sciences Fund. This study benefits from use of the Robo-AO system, which was developed by collaborating partner institutions, the California Institute of Technology, and the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, and with the support of the National Science Foundation under grant nos. AST-0906060, AST-0960343, and AST-1207891, the Mt. Cuba Astronomical Foundation, and by a gift from Samuel Oschin. Ongoing science operation support of Robo-AO is provided by the California Institute of Technology and the University of Hawai'i. C.B. acknowledges support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory (which is operated as a scientific partnership among Caltech, UC, and NASA). The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. NR 100 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 1 AR 78 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/78 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ZK UT WOS:000382009500078 ER PT J AU Stecker, FW Scully, ST Malkan, MA AF Stecker, Floyd W. Scully, Sean T. Malkan, Matthew A. TI AN EMPIRICAL DETERMINATION OF THE INTERGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT FROM UV TO FIR WAVELENGTHS USING FIR DEEP GALAXY SURVEYS AND THE GAMMA-RAY OPACITY OF THE UNIVERSE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diffuse radiation; galaxies: luminosity function, mass function; Sun: infrared ID INFRARED LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON EMISSION; EXTRAGALACTIC LEGACY SURVEY; SIMILAR-TO 4; MU-M; OPTICAL DEPTH; SPITZER VIEW; EVOLUTION; SPECTRUM AB We have previously calculated the intergalactic background light (IBL) as a function of redshift from the Lyman limit in the far-ultraviolet to a wavelength of 5 mu m in the near-infrared range, based purely on data from deep galaxy surveys. Here, we use similar methods to determine the mid-and far-infrared IBL from 5 to 850 mu m. Our approach enables us to constrain the range of photon densities by determining the uncertainties in observationally determined luminosity densities and spectral gradients. By also including the effect of the 2.7 K cosmic background photons, we determine upper and lower limits on the opacity of the universe to gamma-rays up to PeV energies within a 68% confidence band. Our direct results on the IBL are consistent with those from complimentary gamma-ray analyses using observations from the Fermi gamma-ray space telescope and the H.E.S.S. air Cerenkov telescope. Thus, we find no evidence of previously suggested processes for the modification of gamma-ray spectra other than that of absorption by pair production alone. C1 [Stecker, Floyd W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stecker, Floyd W.; Malkan, Matthew A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Scully, Sean T.] James Madison Univ, Dept Phys, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. RP Stecker, FW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Stecker, FW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM Floyd.W.Stecker@nasa.gov; scullyst@jmu.edu; malkan@astro.ucla.edu OI Malkan, Matthew/0000-0001-6919-1237 NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 1 AR 6 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/6 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ZK UT WOS:000382009500006 ER PT J AU Wyper, PF deVore, CR Karpen, JT Lynch, BJ AF Wyper, P. F. deVore, C. R. Karpen, J. T. Lynch, B. J. TI THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS OF TEARING AND INTERMITTENCY IN CORONAL JETS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: flares; Sun: magnetic fields; magnetic reconnection ID X-RAY JETS; CHROMOSPHERIC ANEMONE JETS; FAST MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; CURRENT SHEETS; ACTIVE-REGION; FLUX EMERGENCE; SOLAR-FLARE; FILAMENT ERUPTIONS; ELECTRIC-CURRENTS; MASS EJECTIONS AB Observations of coronal jets increasingly suggest that local fragmentation and intermittency play an important role in the dynamics of these events. In this work, we investigate this fragmentation in high-resolution simulations of jets in the closed-field corona. We study two realizations of the embedded-bipole model, whereby impulsive helical outflows are driven by reconnection between twisted and untwisted field across the domed fan plane of a magnetic null. We find that the reconnection region fragments following the onset of a tearing-like instability, producing multiple magnetic null points and flux-rope structures within the current layer. The flux ropes formed within the weak-field region in the center of the current layer are associated with "blobs" of density enhancement that become filamentary threads as the flux ropes are ejected from the layer, whereupon new flux ropes form behind them. This repeated formation and ejection of flux ropes provides a natural explanation for the intermittent outflows, bright blobs of emission, and filamentary structure observed in some jets. Additional observational signatures of this process are discussed. Essentially all jet models invoke reconnection between regions of locally closed and locally open field as the jet-generation mechanism. Therefore, we suggest that this repeated tearing process should occur at the separatrix surface between the two flux systems in all jets. A schematic picture of tearing-mediated jet reconnection in three dimensions is outlined. C1 [Wyper, P. F.] NASA, Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [deVore, C. R.; Karpen, J. T.] NASA, Heliophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lynch, B. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wyper, PF (reprint author), NASA, Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM peter.f.wyper@nasa.gov; c.richard.devore@nasa.gov; judy.karpen@nasa.gov; blynch@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Wyper, Peter/H-9166-2013; Lynch, Benjamin/B-1300-2013; OI Lynch, Benjamin/0000-0001-6886-855X NR 84 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 1 AR 4 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/4 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ZK UT WOS:000382009500004 ER PT J AU Fragos, T Lehmer, BD Naoz, S Zezas, A Basu-Zych, A AF Fragos, T. Lehmer, B. D. Naoz, S. Zezas, A. Basu-Zych, A. TI ENERGY FEEDBACK FROM X-RAY BINARIES IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE (vol 776, L31, 2013) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 [Fragos, T.; Zezas, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fragos, T.; Naoz, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lehmer, B. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Homewood Campus, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Lehmer, B. D.; Basu-Zych, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zezas, A.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, POB 2208, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Zezas, A.] Fdn Res & Technol, IESL, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. RP Fragos, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; Fragos, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tfragos@cfa.harvard.edu RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011 OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 10 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 1 AR L21 DI 10.3847/2041-8205/827/1/L21 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DT2TO UT WOS:000381334900021 ER PT J AU Narita, Y Nakamura, R Baumjohann, W Glassmeier, KH Motschmann, U Giles, B Magnes, W Fischer, D Torbert, RB Russell, CT Strangeway, RJ Burch, JL Nariyuki, Y Saito, S Gary, SP AF Narita, Y. Nakamura, R. Baumjohann, W. Glassmeier, K. -H. Motschmann, U. Giles, B. Magnes, W. Fischer, D. Torbert, R. B. Russell, C. T. Strangeway, R. J. Burch, J. L. Nariyuki, Y. Saito, S. Gary, S. P. TI ON ELECTRON-SCALE WHISTLER TURBULENCE IN THE SOLAR WIND SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE plasmas; solar wind; turbulence ID 1 AU; MULTISCALE; STRENGTH; CLUSTER; WAVES AB For the first time, the dispersion relation for turbulence magnetic field fluctuations in the solar wind is determined directly on small scales of the order of the electron inertial length, using four-point magnetometer observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. The data are analyzed using the high-resolution adaptive wave telescope technique. Small-scale solar wind turbulence is primarily composed of highly obliquely propagating waves, with dispersion consistent with that of the whistler mode. C1 [Narita, Y.; Nakamura, R.; Baumjohann, W.; Magnes, W.; Fischer, D.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Graz, Austria. [Glassmeier, K. -H.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, Braunschweig, Germany. [Motschmann, U.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Theoret Phys, Braunschweig, Germany. [Giles, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Torbert, R. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Russell, C. T.; Strangeway, R. J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Burch, J. L.] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Nariyuki, Y.] Toyama Univ, Fac Human Dev, Toyama, Japan. [Saito, S.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Inst Space Earth Environm Res, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Gary, S. P.] Space Sci Inst, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Glassmeier, K. -H.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Gottingen, Germany. [Motschmann, U.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Planetenforsch, Berlin, Germany. RP Narita, Y (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Graz, Austria. EM yasuhito.narita@oeaw.ac.at RI NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013 OI NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214 FU NASA [NNG04EB99C]; Austrian Academy of Sciences; Austrian Space Applications Programme [FFG/ASAP-844377]; Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt; German Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Energie [50 OC 1402]; JSPS KAKENHI [26287119] FX The dedication and expertise of the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) development and operations teams are greatly appreciated. Work at JHU/APL, UCLA, UNH, and SwRI was supported by NASA contract number NNG04EB99C. We acknowledge the use of L2 survey Flux-Gate Magnetometer data (FGM), Search-Coil Magnetometer (SCM) data, and fast survey mode data of ion velocity moments from the Dual Ion Spectrometers (DIS) of Fast Plasma Investigation (FPI) of the MMS spacecraft. Data are stored at the MMS Science Data Center at https://lasp.colorado.edu/mms/sdc/ and at Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb; http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/), and are available upon request. The Austrian part of the development, operation, and calibration of the FGM was financially supported by a rolling grant of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Austrian Space Applications Programme with the contract number FFG/ASAP-844377. K.H.G. is financially supported by the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt and the German Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Energie under contract 50 OC 1402. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant number 26287119. Y. N. is grateful for a discussion with O. Le Contel and L. Mirioni on the use of search coil magnetometer data on the analyzed time interval. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 10 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 1 AR L8 DI 10.3847/2041-8205/827/1/L8 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DT2TO UT WOS:000381334900008 ER PT J AU Tilvi, V Pirzkal, N Malhotra, S Finkelstein, SL Rhoads, JE Windhorst, R Grogin, NA Koekemoer, A Zakamska, NL Ryan, R Christensen, L Hathi, N Pharo, J Joshi, B Yang, H Gronwall, C Cimatti, A Walsh, J O'Connell, R Straughn, A Ostlin, G Rothberg, B Livermore, RC Hibon, P Gardner, JP AF Tilvi, V. Pirzkal, N. Malhotra, S. Finkelstein, S. L. Rhoads, J. E. Windhorst, R. Grogin, N. A. Koekemoer, A. Zakamska, N. L. Ryan, R. Christensen, L. Hathi, N. Pharo, J. Joshi, B. Yang, H. Gronwall, C. Cimatti, A. Walsh, J. O'Connell, R. Straughn, A. Ostlin, G. Rothberg, B. Livermore, R. C. Hibon, P. Gardner, Jonathan P. TI FIRST RESULTS FROM THE FAINT INFRARED GRISM SURVEY (FIGS): FIRST SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF Ly alpha EMISSION AND LYMAN BREAK FROM A GALAXY AT z=7.51 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dark ages, reionization, first stars; early universe; galaxies: high-redshift; intergalactic medium ID ULTRA-DEEP-FIELD; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; EXTRAGALACTIC LEGACY SURVEY; QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS; LENS-AMPLIFIED SURVEY; SIMILAR-TO 7; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SPECTROSCOPIC CONFIRMATION; COSMIC REIONIZATION; HST SPECTROSCOPY AB Galaxies at high redshifts are a valuable tool for studying cosmic dawn, therefore it is crucial to reliably identify these galaxies. Here, we present an unambiguous and first simultaneous detection of both the Ly alpha emission and the Lyman break from a z = 7.512 +/- 0.004 galaxy, observed in the Faint Infrared Grism Survey (FIGS). These spectra, taken with the G102 grism on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), show a significant emission line detection (6 sigma) in two observational position angles (PAs), with Lya line flux of 1.06 +/- 0.19 x 10(-17) erg s(-1) cm(-2). The line flux is nearly a factor of four higher than that in the archival MOSFIRE spectroscopic observations. This is consistent with other recent observations, implying that ground-based near-infrared spectroscopy underestimates the total emission line fluxes, and if confirmed, can have strong implications for reionization studies that are based on ground-based Ly alpha measurements. A 4 sigma detection of the NV line in one PA also suggests a weak active galactic nucleus (AGN), and if confirmed, would make this source the highest-redshift AGN yet found. These observations from HST thus clearly demonstrate the sensitivity of the FIGS survey, and the capability of grism spectroscopy for studying the epoch of reionization. C1 [Tilvi, V.; Malhotra, S.; Rhoads, J. E.; Windhorst, R.; Pharo, J.; Joshi, B.; Yang, H.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Pirzkal, N.; Grogin, N. A.; Koekemoer, A.; Ryan, R.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Finkelstein, S. L.; Livermore, R. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, RLM 15308, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Zakamska, N. L.] Inst Adv Study, Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Zakamska, N. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bloomberg Ctr, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Christensen, L.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr 1, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hathi, N.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Gronwall, C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gronwall, C.] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cimatti, A.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Alma Mater Studiorum, Viale Berti Pichat 6-2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Walsh, J.] European Southern Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [O'Connell, R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Straughn, A.; Gardner, Jonathan P.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ostlin, G.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, Oscar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Rothberg, B.] Large Binocular Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hibon, P.] Gemini South Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile. RP Tilvi, V (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Hathi, Nimish/J-7092-2014; Christensen, Lise/M-5301-2014 OI Hathi, Nimish/0000-0001-6145-5090; Christensen, Lise/0000-0001-8415-7547 FU FIGS program with the NASA/ESA HST [GO 13779]; NASA [NAS5-26555]; NASA JWST Interdisciplinary Scientist grant from GSFC [NNX14AN10G] FX We thank the referee for very useful feedback that improved this manuscript. This work is based on observations taken by the FIGS program (GO 13779) with the NASA/ESA HST, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. R.A.W. acknowledges support from NASA JWST Interdisciplinary Scientist grant NNX14AN10G from GSFC. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 10 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 1 AR L14 DI 10.3847/2041-8205/827/1/L14 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DT2TO UT WOS:000381334900014 ER PT J AU Walton, DJ Furst, F Bachetti, M Barret, D Brightman, M Fabian, AC Gehrels, N Harrison, FA Heida, M Middleton, MJ Rana, V Roberts, TP Stern, D Tao, L Webb, N AF Walton, D. J. Furst, F. Bachetti, M. Barret, D. Brightman, M. Fabian, A. C. Gehrels, N. Harrison, F. A. Heida, M. Middleton, M. J. Rana, V. Roberts, T. P. Stern, D. Tao, L. Webb, N. TI A 78 DAY X-RAY PERIOD DETECTED FROM NGC 5907 ULX1 BY SWIFT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: individual (NGC 5907 ULX1) ID XMM-NEWTON; BLACK-HOLE; BROAD-BAND; M82 X-1; BINARIES; MASS; VARIABILITY; ACCRETION; NUSTAR; PARAMETERS AB We report the detection of a 78.1 +/- 0.5 day period in the X-ray light curve of the extreme ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5907 ULX1 (L-X,L-peak similar to 5 x 10(40) erg s(-1)), discovered during an extensive monitoring program with Swift. These periodic variations are strong, with the observed flux changing by a factor of similar to 3-4 between the peaks and the troughs of the cycle; our simulations suggest that the observed periodicity is detected comfortably in excess of 3 sigma significance. We discuss possible origins for this X-ray period, but conclude that at the current time we cannot robustly distinguish between orbital and super-orbital variations. C1 [Walton, D. J.; Stern, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Walton, D. J.; Furst, F.; Brightman, M.; Harrison, F. A.; Heida, M.; Rana, V.; Tao, L.] CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bachetti, M.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, Via Sci 5, I-09047 Selargius, CA, Italy. [Barret, D.; Webb, N.] Univ Toulouse, IRAP, UPS OMP, Toulouse, France. [Barret, D.; Webb, N.] CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av Colonel Roche,BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Fabian, A. C.; Middleton, M. J.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Roberts, T. P.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Ctr Extragalact Astron, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Tao, L.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Astrophys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Walton, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.; Walton, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Bachetti, Matteo/0000-0002-4576-9337 FU ERC [340442]; French Space Agency (CNES); Ernest Rutherford STFC fellowship; STFC [ST/L00075X/1] FX The authors would like to thank the reviewer for their timely and positive feedback, which helped to improve the final manuscript. A.C.F. acknowledges support from ERC Advanced Grant 340442. The work of D.J.W./D.S. was performed at JPL/Caltech, under contract with NASA. D.B. and N.W. acknowledge financial support from the French Space Agency (CNES), M.J.M. acknowledges support from an Ernest Rutherford STFC fellowship, and T.P.R. acknowledges support from the STFC consolidated grant ST/L00075X/1. This work made use of data supplied by the UK Swift Science Data Centre at the University of Leicester, and also made use of the XRT Data Analysis Software (XRTDAS) developed under the responsibility of the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC), Italy. We acknowledge the use of public data from the Swift data archive. This research has also made use of a collection of ISIS functions (ISISscripts) provided by ECAP/Remeis observatory and MIT. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 10 PY 2016 VL 827 IS 1 AR L13 DI 10.3847/2041-8205/827/1/L13 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DT2TO UT WOS:000381334900013 ER PT J AU Ern, M Trinh, QT Kaufmann, M Krisch, I Preusse, P Ungermann, J Zhu, YJ Gille, JC Mlynczak, MG Russell, JM Schwartz, MJ Riese, M AF Ern, Manfred Quang Thai Trinh Kaufmann, Martin Krisch, Isabell Preusse, Peter Ungermann, Joern Zhu, Yajun Gille, John C. Mlynczak, Martin G. Russell, James M., III Schwartz, Michael J. Riese, Martin TI Satellite observations of middle atmosphere gravity wave absolute momentum flux and of its vertical gradient during recent stratospheric warmings SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; POLAR MLT REGION; SUDDEN WARMINGS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; GLOBAL CIRCULATION; SABER EXPERIMENT; NORTHERN WINTER; CLIMATE MODELS; MOUNTAIN WAVES; MESOSPHERE AB Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are circulation anomalies in the polar region during winter. They mostly occur in the Northern Hemisphere and affect also surface weather and climate. Both planetary waves and gravity waves contribute to the onset and evolution of SSWs. While the role of planetary waves for SSW evolution has been recognized, the effect of gravity waves is still not fully understood, and has not been comprehensively analyzed based on global observations. In particular, information on the gravity wave driving of the background winds during SSWs is still missing. We investigate the boreal winters from 2001/2002 until 2013/2014. Absolute gravity wave momentum fluxes and gravity wave dissipation (potential drag) are estimated from temperature observations of the satellite instruments HIRDLS and SABER. In agreement with previous work, we find that sometimes gravity wave activity is enhanced before or around the central date of major SSWs, particularly during vortex-split events. Often, SSWs are associated with polar-night jet oscillation (PJO) events. For these events, we find that gravity wave activity is strongly suppressed when the wind has reversed from eastward to westward (usually after the central date of a major SSW). In addition, gravity wave potential drag at the bottom of the newly forming eastward-directed jet is remarkably weak, while considerable potential drag at the top of the jet likely contributes to the downward propagation of both the jet and the new elevated stratopause. During PJO events, we also find some indication for poleward propagation of gravity waves. Another striking finding is that obviously localized gravity wave sources, likely mountain waves and jet-generated gravity waves, play an important role during the evolution of SSWs and potentially contribute to the triggering of SSWs by preconditioning the shape of the polar vortex. The distribution of these hot spots is highly variable and strongly depends on the zonal and meridional shape of the background wind field, indicating that a pure zonal average view sometimes is a too strong simplification for the strongly perturbed conditions during the evolution of SSWs. C1 [Ern, Manfred; Quang Thai Trinh; Kaufmann, Martin; Krisch, Isabell; Preusse, Peter; Ungermann, Joern; Zhu, Yajun; Riese, Martin] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch, Stratosphare IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Gille, John C.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Limb Atmospher Sounding, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gille, John C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Mlynczak, Martin G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Russell, James M., III] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Schwartz, Michael J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ern, M (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch, Stratosphare IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM m.ern@fz-juelich.de RI Riese, Martin/A-3927-2013; Ern, Manfred/I-8839-2016; Ungermann, Jorn/K-7776-2012; Preusse, Peter/A-1193-2013 OI Riese, Martin/0000-0001-6398-6493; Ern, Manfred/0000-0002-8565-2125; Ungermann, Jorn/0000-0001-9095-8332; Preusse, Peter/0000-0002-8997-4965 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) which is part of the DFG researchers group MS-GWaves [PR 919/4-1]; DFG which is part of the DFG priority program SPP1788 "Dynamic Earth" [ER 474/3-1]; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) [01LG1206C]; NASA FX This work was partly supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) project PR 919/4-1 (MS-GWaves/SV) which is part of the DFG researchers group MS-GWaves, by the DFG project ER 474/3-1 (TigerUC) which is part of the DFG priority program SPP1788 "Dynamic Earth", as well as by the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) project no. 01LG1206C (ROMIC/GW-LCYCLE). Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was done under contract with NASA. NR 120 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 14 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 9 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 15 BP 9983 EP 10019 DI 10.5194/acp-16-9983-2016 PG 37 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV7UZ UT WOS:000383144600002 ER PT J AU Spang, R Hoffmann, L Hopfner, M Griessbach, S Muller, R Pitts, MC Orr, AMW Riese, M AF Spang, Reinhold Hoffmann, Lars Hoepfner, Michael Griessbach, Sabine Mueller, Rolf Pitts, Michael C. Orr, Andrew M. W. Riese, Martin TI A multi-wavelength classification method for polar stratospheric cloud types using infrared limb spectra SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID; OZONE DEPLETION; HETEROGENEOUS FORMATION; ARCTIC STRATOSPHERE; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; EMISSION-SPECTRA; GREENHOUSE GASES; MIPAS; WINTER; ICE AB The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) instrument on board the ESA Envisat satellite operated from July 2002 until April 2012. The infrared limb emission measurements represent a unique dataset of daytime and night-time observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) up to both poles. Cloud detection sensitivity is comparable to space-borne lidars, and it is possible to classify different cloud types from the spectral measurements in different atmospheric windows regions. Here we present a new infrared PSC classification scheme based on the combination of a well-established two-colour ratio method and multiple 2-D brightness temperature difference probability density functions. The method is a simple probabilistic classifier based on Bayes' theorem with a strong independence assumption. The method has been tested in conjunction with a database of radiative transfer model calculations of realistic PSC particle size distributions, geometries, and composition. The Bayesian classifier distinguishes between solid particles of ice and nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), as well as liquid droplets of super-cooled ternary solution (STS). The classification results are compared to coincident measurements from the space-borne lidar Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument over the temporal overlap of both satellite missions (June 2006-March 2012). Both datasets show a good agreement for the specific PSC classes, although the viewing geometries and the vertical and horizontal resolution are quite different. Discrepancies are observed between the CALIOP and the MIPAS ice class. The Bayesian classifier for MIPAS identifies substantially more ice clouds in the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex than CALIOP. This disagreement is attributed in part to the difference in the sensitivity on mixed-type clouds. Ice seems to dominate the spectral behaviour in the limb infrared spectra and may cause an overestimation in ice occurrence compared to the real fraction of ice within the PSC area in the polar vortex. The entire MIPAS measurement period was processed with the new classification approach. Examples like the detection of the Antarctic NAT belt during early winter, and its possible link to mountain wave events over the Antarctic Peninsula, which are observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument, highlight the importance of a climatology of 9 Southern Hemisphere and 10 Northern Hemisphere winters in total. The new dataset is valuable both for detailed process studies, and for comparisons with and improvements of the PSC parameterizations used in chemistry transport and climate models. C1 [Spang, Reinhold; Mueller, Rolf; Riese, Martin] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch, IEK 7, Julich, Germany. [Hoffmann, Lars; Griessbach, Sabine] Forschungszentrum Julich, JSC, Julich, Germany. [Hoepfner, Michael] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Pitts, Michael C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Orr, Andrew M. W.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England. RP Spang, R (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch, IEK 7, Julich, Germany. EM r.spang@fz-juelich.de RI Hoffmann, Lars/A-5173-2013; Muller, Rolf/A-6669-2013; Riese, Martin/A-3927-2013; Spang, Reinhold/A-2738-2013 OI Hoffmann, Lars/0000-0003-3773-4377; Muller, Rolf/0000-0002-5024-9977; Riese, Martin/0000-0001-6398-6493; Spang, Reinhold/0000-0002-2483-5761 FU ESA; International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, Switzerland FX The authors would like to thank ESA for providing MIPAS level 1b data and funding of the MIPclouds study as well as NASA for providing CALIOP data. Reinhold Spang thanks Ines Tritscher (FZJ) for support with the visualization of the CALIOP data. Part of this work is inspired by discussions during the 1st PSC Initiative (PSCi) workshop funded by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, Switzerland. NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD AUG 9 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 8 BP 3619 EP 3639 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3619-2016 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV7VL UT WOS:000383146000001 ER PT J AU Benedetti, M Realpe-Gomez, J Biswas, R Perdomo-Ortiz, A AF Benedetti, Marcello Realpe-Gomez, John Biswas, Rupak Perdomo-Ortiz, Alejandro TI Estimation of effective temperatures in quantum annealers for sampling applications: A case study with possible applications in deep learning SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTIONS; CONTRASTIVE DIVERGENCE; INFERENCE; MODEL AB An increase in the efficiency of sampling from Boltzmann distributions would have a significant impact on deep learning and other machine-learning applications. Recently, quantum annealers have been proposed as a potential candidate to speed up this task, but several limitations still bar these state-of-the-art technologies from being used effectively. One of the main limitations is that, while the device may indeed sample from a Boltzmann-like distribution, quantum dynamical arguments suggest it will do so with an instance-dependent effective temperature, different from its physical temperature. Unless this unknown temperature can be unveiled, it might not be possible to effectively use a quantum annealer for Boltzmann sampling. In this work, we propose a strategy to overcome this challenge with a simple effective-temperature estimation algorithm. We provide a systematic study assessing the impact of the effective temperatures in the learning of a special class of a restricted Boltzmann machine embedded on quantum hardware, which can serve as a building block for deep-learning architectures. We also provide a comparison to k-step contrastive divergence (CD-k) with k up to 100. Although assuming a suitable fixed effective temperature also allows us to outperform one-step contrastive divergence (CD-1), only when using an instance-dependent effective temperature do we find a performance close to that of CD-100 for the case studied here. C1 [Benedetti, Marcello; Realpe-Gomez, John; Perdomo-Ortiz, Alejandro] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Benedetti, Marcello; Realpe-Gomez, John] SGT Inc, 7701 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 400, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Benedetti, Marcello] UCL, Dept Comp Sci, Mortimer St, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Realpe-Gomez, John] Univ Cartagena, Inst Matemat Aplicadas, Bolivar 130001, Colombia. [Biswas, Rupak] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Explorat Technol Directorate, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Perdomo-Ortiz, Alejandro] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Perdomo-Ortiz, A (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; Perdomo-Ortiz, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM alejandro.perdomoortiz@nasa.gov FU NASA Ames Research Center [NNA14AA60C, NAS2-03144] FX This work was supported by NASA Ames Research Center under Contracts No. NNA14AA60C and No. NAS2-03144. The authors would like to thank V. M. Janakiraman, Z. Jiang, T. Lanting, E. Rieffel, N. Wiebe, and B. Jacobs for useful discussions. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 9 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 2 AR 022308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.022308 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DT2HK UT WOS:000381301200005 ER PT J AU Aartsen, MG Abraham, K Ackermann, M Adams, J Aguilar, JA Ahlers, M Ahrens, M Altmann, D Andeen, K Anderson, T Ansseau, I Anton, G Archinger, M Arguelles, C Arlen, TC Auffenberg, J Axani, S Bai, X Barwick, SW Baum, V Bay, R Beatty, JJ Tjus, JB Becker, KH BenZvi, S Berghaus, P Berley, D Bernardini, E Bernhard, A Besson, DZ Binder, G Bindig, D Blaufuss, E Blot, S Boersma, DJ Bohm, C Borner, M Bos, F Bose, D Boser, S Botner, O Braun, J Brayeur, L Bretz, HP Burgman, A Casey, J Casier, M Cheung, E Chirkin, D Christov, A Clark, K Classen, L Coenders, S Collin, GH Conrad, JM Cowen, DF Silva, AHC Daughhetee, J Davis, JC Day, M de Andre, JPAM De Clercq, C Rosendo, ED Dembinski, H De Ridder, S Desiati, P de Vries, KD de Wasseige, G de With, M DeYoung, T Diaz-Velez, JC di Lorenzo, V Dujmovic, H Dumm, JP Dunkman, M Eberhardt, B Ehrhardt, T Eichmann, B Euler, S Evenson, PA Fahey, S Fazely, AR Feintzeig, J Felde, J Filimonov, K Finley, C Flis, S Fosig, CC Fuchs, T Gaisser, TK Gaior, R Gallagher, J Gerhardt, L Ghorbani, K Giang, W Gladstone, L Glusenkamp, T Goldschmidt, A Golup, G Gonzalez, JG Gora, D Grant, D Griffith, Z Ismail, AH Hallgren, A Halzen, F Hansen, E Hanson, K Hebecker, D Heereman, D Helbing, K Hellauer, R Hickford, S Hignight, J Hill, GC Hoffman, KD Hoffmann, R Holzapfel, K Homeier, A Hoshina, K Huang, F Huber, M Huelsnitz, W Hultqvist, K In, S Ishihara, A Jacobi, E Japaridze, GS Jeong, M Jero, K Jones, BJP Jurkovic, M Kappes, A Karg, T Karle, A Katz, U Kauer, M Keivani, A Kelley, JL Kheirandish, A Kim, M Kintscher, T Kiryluk, J Kittler, T Klein, SR Kohnen, G Koirala, R Kolanoski, H Kopke, L Kopper, C Kopper, S Koskinen, DJ Kowalski, M Krings, K Kroll, M Kruckl, G Kruger, C Kunnen, J Kunwar, S Kurahashi, N Kuwabara, T Labare, M Lanfranchi, JL Larson, MJ Lennarz, D Lesiak-Bzdak, M Leuermann, M Lu, L Lunemann, J Madsen, J Maggi, G Mahn, KBM Mancina, S Mandelartz, M Maruyama, R Mase, K Maunu, R McNally, F Meagher, K Medici, M Meier, M Meli, A Menne, T Merino, G Meures, T Miarecki, S Middell, E Mohrmann, L Montaruli, T Moulai, M Nahnhauer, R Naumann, U Neer, G Niederhausen, H Nowicki, SC Nygren, DR Pollmann, AO Olivas, A Omairat, A O'Murchadha, A Palczewski, T Pandya, H Pankova, DV Pepper, JA de los Heros, CP Pfendner, C Pieloth, D Pinat, E Posselt, J Price, PB Przybylski, GT Quinnan, M Raab, C Rameez, M Rawlins, K Relich, M Resconi, E Rhode, W Richman, M Riedel, B Robertson, S Rott, C Ruhe, T Ryckbosch, D Rysewyk, D Sabbatini, L Salvado, J Herrera, SES Sandrock, A Sandroos, J Sarkar, S Satalecka, K Schlunder, P Schmidt, T Schoneberg, S Schonwald, A Seckel, D Seunarine, S Soldin, D Song, M Spiczak, GM Spiering, C Stamatikos, M Stanev, T Stasik, A Steuer, A Stezelberger, T Stokstad, RG Stossl, A Strom, R Strotjohann, NL Sullivan, GW Sutherland, M Taavola, H Taboada, I Tatar, J Ter-Antonyan, S Terliuk, A Tesic, G Tilav, S Toale, PA Tobin, MN Toscano, S Tosi, D Tselengidou, M Turcati, A Unger, E Usner, M Vallecorsa, S Vandenbroucke, J van Eijndhoven, N Vanheule, S van Rossem, M van Santen, J Veenkamp, J Voge, M Vraeghe, M Walck, C Wallace, A Wandkowsky, N Weaver, C Wendt, C Westerhoff, S Whelan, BJ Wiebe, K Wille, L Williams, DR Wills, L Wissing, H Wolf, M Wood, TR Woolsey, E Woschnagg, K Xu, DL Xu, XW Xu, Y Yanez, JP Yodh, G Yoshida, S Zoll, M AF Aartsen, M. G. Abraham, K. Ackermann, M. Adams, J. Aguilar, J. A. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, M. Altmann, D. Andeen, K. Anderson, T. Ansseau, I. Anton, G. Archinger, M. Argueelles, C. Arlen, T. C. Auffenberg, J. Axani, S. Bai, X. Barwick, S. W. Baum, V. Bay, R. Beatty, J. J. Tjus, J. Becker Becker, K. -H. BenZvi, S. Berghaus, P. Berley, D. Bernardini, E. Bernhard, A. Besson, D. Z. Binder, G. Bindig, D. Blaufuss, E. Blot, S. Boersma, D. J. Bohm, C. Boerner, M. Bos, F. Bose, D. Boeser, S. Botner, O. Braun, J. Brayeur, L. Bretz, H. -P. Burgman, A. Casey, J. Casier, M. Cheung, E. Chirkin, D. Christov, A. Clark, K. Classen, L. Coenders, S. Collin, G. H. Conrad, J. M. Cowen, D. F. Silva, A. H. Cruz Daughhetee, J. Davis, J. C. Day, M. de Andre, J. P. A. M. De Clercq, C. Rosendo, E. del Pino Dembinski, H. De Ridder, S. Desiati, P. de Vries, K. D. de Wasseige, G. de With, M. DeYoung, T. Diaz-Velez, J. C. di Lorenzo, V. Dujmovic, H. Dumm, J. P. Dunkman, M. Eberhardt, B. Ehrhardt, T. Eichmann, B. Euler, S. Evenson, P. A. Fahey, S. Fazely, A. R. Feintzeig, J. Felde, J. Filimonov, K. Finley, C. Flis, S. Foesig, C. -C. Fuchs, T. Gaisser, T. K. Gaior, R. Gallagher, J. Gerhardt, L. Ghorbani, K. Giang, W. Gladstone, L. Gluesenkamp, T. Goldschmidt, A. Golup, G. Gonzalez, J. G. Gora, D. Grant, D. Griffith, Z. Ismail, A. Haj Hallgren, A. Halzen, F. Hansen, E. Hanson, K. Hebecker, D. Heereman, D. Helbing, K. Hellauer, R. Hickford, S. Hignight, J. Hill, G. C. Hoffman, K. D. Hoffmann, R. Holzapfel, K. Homeier, A. Hoshina, K. Huang, F. Huber, M. Huelsnitz, W. Hultqvist, K. In, S. Ishihara, A. Jacobi, E. Japaridze, G. S. Jeong, M. Jero, K. Jones, B. J. P. Jurkovic, M. Kappes, A. Karg, T. Karle, A. Katz, U. Kauer, M. Keivani, A. Kelley, J. L. Kheirandish, A. Kim, M. Kintscher, T. Kiryluk, J. Kittler, T. Klein, S. R. Kohnen, G. Koirala, R. Kolanoski, H. Koepke, L. Kopper, C. Kopper, S. Koskinen, D. J. Kowalski, M. Krings, K. Kroll, M. Krueckl, G. Krueger, C. Kunnen, J. Kunwar, S. Kurahashi, N. Kuwabara, T. Labare, M. Lanfranchi, J. L. Larson, M. J. Lennarz, D. Lesiak-Bzdak, M. Leuermann, M. Lu, L. Luenemann, J. Madsen, J. Maggi, G. Mahn, K. B. M. Mancina, S. Mandelartz, M. Maruyama, R. Mase, K. Maunu, R. McNally, F. Meagher, K. Medici, M. Meier, M. Meli, A. Menne, T. Merino, G. Meures, T. Miarecki, S. Middell, E. Mohrmann, L. Montaruli, T. Moulai, M. Nahnhauer, R. Naumann, U. Neer, G. Niederhausen, H. Nowicki, S. C. Nygren, D. R. Pollmann, A. Obertacke Olivas, A. Omairat, A. O'Murchadha, A. Palczewski, T. Pandya, H. Pankova, D. V. Pepper, J. A. de los Heros, C. Perez Pfendner, C. Pieloth, D. Pinat, E. Posselt, J. Price, P. B. Przybylski, G. T. Quinnan, M. Raab, C. Rameez, M. Rawlins, K. Relich, M. Resconi, E. Rhode, W. Richman, M. Riedel, B. Robertson, S. Rott, C. Ruhe, T. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, D. Sabbatini, L. Salvado, J. Herrera, S. E. Sanchez Sandrock, A. Sandroos, J. Sarkar, S. Satalecka, K. Schlunder, P. Schmidt, T. Schoeneberg, S. Schoenwald, A. Seckel, D. Seunarine, S. Soldin, D. Song, M. Spiczak, G. M. Spiering, C. Stamatikos, M. Stanev, T. Stasik, A. Steuer, A. Stezelberger, T. Stokstad, R. G. Stoessl, A. Stroem, R. Strotjohann, N. L. Sullivan, G. W. Sutherland, M. Taavola, H. Taboada, I. Tatar, J. Ter-Antonyan, S. Terliuk, A. Tesic, G. Tilav, S. Toale, P. A. Tobin, M. N. Toscano, S. Tosi, D. Tselengidou, M. Turcati, A. Unger, E. Usner, M. Vallecorsa, S. Vandenbroucke, J. van Eijndhoven, N. Vanheule, S. van Rossem, M. van Santen, J. Veenkamp, J. Voge, M. Vraeghe, M. Walck, C. Wallace, A. Wandkowsky, N. Weaver, Ch. Wendt, C. Westerhoff, S. Whelan, B. J. Wiebe, K. Wille, L. Williams, D. R. Wills, L. Wissing, H. Wolf, M. Wood, T. R. Woolsey, E. Woschnagg, K. Xu, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, Y. Yanez, J. P. Yodh, G. Yoshida, S. Zoll, M. CA IceCube Collaboration TI Searches for Sterile Neutrinos with the IceCube Detector SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATIONS; SYSTEM; MODEL AB The IceCube neutrino telescope at the South Pole has measured the atmospheric muon neutrino spectrum as a function of zenith angle and energy in the approximate 320 GeV to 20 TeV range, to search for the oscillation signatures of light sterile neutrinos. No evidence for anomalous nu(mu) or (nu) over bar (mu) disappearance is observed in either of two independently developed analyses, each using one year of atmospheric neutrino data. New exclusion limits are placed on the parameter space of the 3 + 1 model, in which muon antineutrinos experience a strong Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein-resonant oscillation. The exclusion limits extend to sin(2)2 theta(24) <= 0.02 at Delta m(2) similar to 0.3 eV(2) at the 90% confidence level. The allowed region from global analysis of appearance experiments, including LSND and MiniBooNE, is excluded at approximately the 99% confidence level for the global best-fit value of vertical bar U-e4 vertical bar(2). C1 [Auffenberg, J.; Leuermann, M.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Aartsen, M. G.; Hill, G. C.; Robertson, S.; Wallace, A.; Whelan, B. J.] Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Rawlins, K.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Phys & Astron, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Japaridze, G. S.] Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. [Casey, J.; Daughhetee, J.; Taboada, I.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Casey, J.; Daughhetee, J.; Taboada, I.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Fazely, A. R.; Ter-Antonyan, S.; Xu, X. W.] Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. [Bay, R.; Binder, G.; Filimonov, K.; Gerhardt, L.; Klein, S. R.; Miarecki, S.; Price, P. B.; Tatar, J.; Woschnagg, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Binder, G.; Gerhardt, L.; Goldschmidt, A.; Klein, S. R.; Miarecki, S.; Nygren, D. R.; Przybylski, G. T.; Stezelberger, T.; Stokstad, R. G.; Tatar, J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [de With, M.; Hebecker, D.; Kolanoski, H.; Kowalski, M.] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Tjus, J. Becker; Bos, F.; Eichmann, B.; Kroll, M.; Mandelartz, M.; Schoeneberg, S.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Homeier, A.; Voge, M.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Aguilar, J. A.; Ansseau, I.; Heereman, D.; Meagher, K.; Meures, T.; O'Murchadha, A.; Pinat, E.; Raab, C.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Brayeur, L.; Casier, M.; De Clercq, C.; de Vries, K. D.; de Wasseige, G.; Golup, G.; Kunnen, J.; Luenemann, J.; Maggi, G.; Toscano, S.; van Eijndhoven, N.] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Argueelles, C.; Axani, S.; Collin, G. H.; Conrad, J. M.; Jones, B. J. P.; Moulai, M.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gaior, R.; Ishihara, A.; Kuwabara, T.; Lu, L.; Mase, K.; Relich, M.; Yoshida, S.] Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan. [Adams, J.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Berley, D.; Blaufuss, E.; Cheung, E.; Felde, J.; Hellauer, R.; Hoffman, K. D.; Huelsnitz, W.; Maunu, R.; Olivas, A.; Schmidt, T.; Song, M.; Sullivan, G. W.; Wissing, H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Beatty, J. J.; Davis, J. C.; Pfendner, C.; Stamatikos, M.; Sutherland, M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Beatty, J. J.; Davis, J. C.; Pfendner, C.; Stamatikos, M.; Sutherland, M.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Beatty, J. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hansen, E.; Koskinen, D. J.; Larson, M. J.; Medici, M.; Sarkar, S.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Boerner, M.; Fuchs, T.; Meier, M.; Menne, T.; Pieloth, D.; Rhode, W.; Ruhe, T.; Sandrock, A.; Schlunder, P.] TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [de Andre, J. P. A. M.; DeYoung, T.; Hignight, J.; Lennarz, D.; Mahn, K. B. M.; Neer, G.; Rysewyk, D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Giang, W.; Grant, D.; Kopper, C.; Nowicki, S. C.; Riedel, B.; Herrera, S. E. Sanchez; Weaver, Ch.; Wood, T. R.; Woolsey, E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. [Altmann, D.; Anton, G.; Katz, U.; Kittler, T.; Tselengidou, M.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Christov, A.; Montaruli, T.; Rameez, M.; Vallecorsa, S.] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [De Ridder, S.; Ismail, A. Haj; Labare, M.; Meli, A.; Ryckbosch, D.; Vanheule, S.; Vraeghe, M.] Univ Ghent, Dept Phys & Astron, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Barwick, S. W.; Yodh, G.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Besson, D. Z.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Gallagher, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ahlers, M.; Braun, J.; Chirkin, D.; Day, M.; Desiati, P.; Diaz-Velez, J. C.; Fahey, S.; Feintzeig, J.; Ghorbani, K.; Gladstone, L.; Griffith, Z.; Halzen, F.; Hanson, K.; Hoshina, K.; Jero, K.; Karle, A.; Kauer, M.; Kelley, J. L.; Kheirandish, A.; Krueger, C.; Mancina, S.; McNally, F.; Merino, G.; Sabbatini, L.; Salvado, J.; Tobin, M. N.; Tosi, D.; Vandenbroucke, J.; van Rossem, M.; Wandkowsky, N.; Wendt, C.; Westerhoff, S.; Wille, L.; Xu, D. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ahlers, M.; Braun, J.; Chirkin, D.; Day, M.; Desiati, P.; Diaz-Velez, J. C.; Fahey, S.; Feintzeig, J.; Ghorbani, K.; Gladstone, L.; Griffith, Z.; Halzen, F.; Hanson, K.; Hoshina, K.; Jero, K.; Karle, A.; Kauer, M.; Kelley, J. L.; Kheirandish, A.; Krueger, C.; Mancina, S.; McNally, F.; Merino, G.; Sabbatini, L.; Salvado, J.; Tobin, M. N.; Tosi, D.; Vandenbroucke, J.; van Rossem, M.; Wandkowsky, N.; Wendt, C.; Westerhoff, S.; Wille, L.; Xu, D. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Archinger, M.; Baum, V.; Boeser, S.; Rosendo, E. del Pino; di Lorenzo, V.; Eberhardt, B.; Ehrhardt, T.; Foesig, C. -C.; Koepke, L.; Krueckl, G.; Sandroos, J.; Steuer, A.; Wiebe, K.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Andeen, K.] Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Kohnen, G.] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. [Berghaus, P.] Natl Res Nucl Univ, MEPhI Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Abraham, K.; Bernhard, A.; Coenders, S.; Holzapfel, K.; Huber, M.; Jurkovic, M.; Krings, K.; Resconi, E.; Turcati, A.; Veenkamp, J.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Classen, L.; Kappes, A.] Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Dembinski, H.; Evenson, P. A.; Gaisser, T. K.; Gonzalez, J. G.; Koirala, R.; Pandya, H.; Seckel, D.; Stanev, T.; Tilav, S.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Dembinski, H.; Evenson, P. A.; Gaisser, T. K.; Gonzalez, J. G.; Koirala, R.; Pandya, H.; Seckel, D.; Stanev, T.; Tilav, S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kauer, M.; Maruyama, R.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Sarkar, S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, 1 Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. [Kurahashi, N.; Richman, M.; Wills, L.] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Bai, X.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Phys, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Madsen, J.; Seunarine, S.; Spiczak, G. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. [Ahrens, M.; Bohm, C.; Dumm, J. P.; Finley, C.; Flis, S.; Hultqvist, K.; Walck, C.; Wolf, M.; Zoll, M.] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ahrens, M.; Bohm, C.; Dumm, J. P.; Finley, C.; Flis, S.; Hultqvist, K.; Walck, C.; Wolf, M.; Zoll, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kiryluk, J.; Lesiak-Bzdak, M.; Niederhausen, H.; Xu, Y.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Bose, D.; Dujmovic, H.; In, S.; Jeong, M.; Kim, M.; Rott, C.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Clark, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Palczewski, T.; Pepper, J. A.; Toale, P. A.; Williams, D. R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Cowen, D. F.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Anderson, T.; Arlen, T. C.; Cowen, D. F.; Dunkman, M.; Huang, F.; Keivani, A.; Lanfranchi, J. L.; Pankova, D. V.; Quinnan, M.; Tesic, G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [BenZvi, S.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Boersma, D. J.; Botner, O.; Burgman, A.; Euler, S.; Hallgren, A.; de los Heros, C. Perez; Stroem, R.; Taavola, H.; Unger, E.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Becker, K. -H.; Bindig, D.; Helbing, K.; Hickford, S.; Hoffmann, R.; Kopper, S.; Naumann, U.; Pollmann, A. Obertacke; Omairat, A.; Posselt, J.; Soldin, D.] Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. [Ackermann, M.; Bernardini, E.; Blot, S.; Bretz, H. -P.; Silva, A. H. Cruz; Gluesenkamp, T.; Gora, D.; Jacobi, E.; Karg, T.; Kintscher, T.; Kowalski, M.; Kunwar, S.; Middell, E.; Mohrmann, L.; Nahnhauer, R.; Satalecka, K.; Schoenwald, A.; Spiering, C.; Stasik, A.; Stoessl, A.; Strotjohann, N. L.; Terliuk, A.; Usner, M.; van Santen, J.; Yanez, J. P.] DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. [Hoshina, K.] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. [Salvado, J.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia 46071, Spain. [Stamatikos, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Aartsen, MG (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RI Anton, Gisela/C-4840-2013; Beatty, James/D-9310-2011; Sarkar, Subir/G-5978-2011; Tjus, Julia/G-8145-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Maruyama, Reina/A-1064-2013; Koskinen, David/G-3236-2014 OI Anton, Gisela/0000-0003-2039-4724; Beatty, James/0000-0003-0481-4952; Sarkar, Subir/0000-0002-3542-858X; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Maruyama, Reina/0000-0003-2794-512X; Koskinen, David/0000-0002-0514-5917 FU U.S. National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs; U.S. National Science Foundation Physics Division; University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; Grid Laboratory of Wisconsin (GLOW) grid infrastructure at the University of Wisconsin, Madison; Open Science Grid (OSG) grid infrastructure; U.S. Department of Energy; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, the Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI) grid computing resources; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; WestGrid and Compute/Calcul Canada; Swedish Research Council, Sweden; Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Sweden; Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), Sweden; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Germany; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Germany; Research Department of Plasmas with Complex Interactions (Bochum), Germany; Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO); FWO Odysseus program; Flanders Institute to encourage scientific and technological research in industry (IWT); Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Marsden Fund, New Zealand; Australian Research Council; Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Villum Fonden, Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark FX We acknowledge support from the following agencies: U.S. National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs, U.S. National Science Foundation Physics Division, University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, the Grid Laboratory of Wisconsin (GLOW) grid infrastructure at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, the Open Science Grid (OSG) grid infrastructure, U.S. Department of Energy, and National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, the Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI) grid computing resources; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, WestGrid and Compute/Calcul Canada; Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Research Department of Plasmas with Complex Interactions (Bochum), Germany; Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO), FWO Odysseus program, Flanders Institute to encourage scientific and technological research in industry (IWT), Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Marsden Fund, New Zealand; Australian Research Council; Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS); the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); and Villum Fonden, Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark. NR 66 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 8 PY 2016 VL 117 IS 7 AR 071801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.071801 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DT4US UT WOS:000381477200004 PM 27563950 ER PT J AU Gorham, PW Nam, J Romero-Wolf, A Hoover, S Allison, P Banerjee, O Beatty, JJ Belov, K Besson, DZ Binns, WR Bugaev, V Cao, P Chen, C Chen, P Clem, JM Connolly, A Dailey, B Deaconu, C Cremonesi, L Dowkontt, PF DuVernois, MA Field, RC Fox, BD Goldstein, D Gordon, J Hast, C Hebert, CL Hill, B Hughes, K Hupe, R Israel, MH Javaid, A Kowalski, J Lam, J Learned, JG Liewer, KM Liu, TC Link, JT Lusczek, E Matsuno, S Mercurio, BC Miki, C Miocinovic, P Mottram, M Mulrey, K Naudet, CJ Ng, J Nichol, RJ Palladino, K Rauch, BF Reil, K Roberts, J Rosen, M Rotter, B Russell, J Ruckman, L Saltzberg, D Seckel, D Schoorlemmer, H Stafford, S Stockham, J Stockham, M Strutt, B Tatem, K Varner, GS Vieregg, AG Walz, D Wissel, SA Wu, F AF Gorham, P. W. Nam, J. Romero-Wolf, A. Hoover, S. Allison, P. Banerjee, O. Beatty, J. J. Belov, K. Besson, D. Z. Binns, W. R. Bugaev, V. Cao, P. Chen, C. Chen, P. Clem, J. M. Connolly, A. Dailey, B. Deaconu, C. Cremonesi, L. Dowkontt, P. F. DuVernois, M. A. Field, R. C. Fox, B. D. Goldstein, D. Gordon, J. Hast, C. Hebert, C. L. Hill, B. Hughes, K. Hupe, R. Israel, M. H. Javaid, A. Kowalski, J. Lam, J. Learned, J. G. Liewer, K. M. Liu, T. C. Link, J. T. Lusczek, E. Matsuno, S. Mercurio, B. C. Miki, C. Miocinovic, P. Mottram, M. Mulrey, K. Naudet, C. J. Ng, J. Nichol, R. J. Palladino, K. Rauch, B. F. Reil, K. Roberts, J. Rosen, M. Rotter, B. Russell, J. Ruckman, L. Saltzberg, D. Seckel, D. Schoorlemmer, H. Stafford, S. Stockham, J. Stockham, M. Strutt, B. Tatem, K. Varner, G. S. Vieregg, A. G. Walz, D. Wissel, S. A. Wu, F. CA ANITA Collaboration TI Characteristics of Four Upward-Pointing Cosmic-Ray-like Events Observed with ANITA SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIO-EMISSION; AIR-SHOWERS; ENERGY AB We report on four radio-detected cosmic-ray (CR) or CR-like events observed with the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA), a NASA-sponsored long-duration balloon payload. Two of the four were previously identified as stratospheric CR air showers during the ANITA-I flight. A third stratospheric CR was detected during the ANITA-II flight. Here, we report on characteristics of these three unusual CR events, which develop nearly horizontally, 20-30 km above the surface of Earth. In addition, we report on a fourth steeply upward-pointing ANITA-I CR-like radio event which has characteristics consistent with a primary that emerged from the surface of the ice. This suggests a possible tau-lepton decay as the origin of this event, but such an interpretation would require significant suppression of the standard model tau-neutrino cross section. C1 [Gorham, P. W.; DuVernois, M. A.; Fox, B. D.; Hebert, C. L.; Hill, B.; Kowalski, J.; Learned, J. G.; Link, J. T.; Matsuno, S.; Miki, C.; Miocinovic, P.; Roberts, J.; Rosen, M.; Rotter, B.; Russell, J.; Ruckman, L.; Schoorlemmer, H.; Tatem, K.; Varner, G. S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Nam, J.; Chen, C.; Chen, P.; Liu, T. C.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Astrophys, Dept Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Nam, J.; Chen, C.; Chen, P.; Liu, T. C.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Leung Ctr Cosmol & Particle Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Romero-Wolf, A.; Belov, K.; Liewer, K. M.; Naudet, C. J.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hoover, S.; Dowkontt, P. F.; Lam, J.; Saltzberg, D.; Wu, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Allison, P.; Banerjee, O.; Beatty, J. J.; Connolly, A.; Dailey, B.; Gordon, J.; Hughes, K.; Hupe, R.; Mercurio, B. C.; Palladino, K.; Stafford, S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Allison, P.; Beatty, J. J.; Connolly, A.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Astrophys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Besson, D. Z.; Stockham, J.; Stockham, M.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Binns, W. R.; Bugaev, V.; Israel, M. H.; Rauch, B. F.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Cao, P.; Clem, J. M.; Javaid, A.; Mulrey, K.; Seckel, D.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Deaconu, C.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Cremonesi, L.; Mottram, M.; Nichol, R. J.; Strutt, B.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Field, R. C.; Hast, C.; Ng, J.; Reil, K.; Walz, D.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Goldstein, D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Lusczek, E.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Wissel, S. A.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Gorham, PW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Beatty, James/D-9310-2011; OI Beatty, James/0000-0003-0481-4952; Lusczek, Elizabeth/0000-0003-4680-965X FU NASA; U.S. Department of Energy, High Energy Physics Division FX We thank NASA for their generous support of ANITA, the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility for their excellent field support, and the National Science Foundation for their Antarctic operations support. This work was also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, High Energy Physics Division. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 8 PY 2016 VL 117 IS 7 AR 071101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.071101 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DT4US UT WOS:000381477200002 PM 27563945 ER PT J AU Silva, RA West, JJ Lamarque, JF Shindell, DT Collins, WJ Dalsoren, S Faluvegi, G Folberth, G Horowitz, LW Nagashima, T Naik, V Rumbold, ST Sudo, K Takemura, T Bergmann, D Cameron-Smith, P Cionni, I Doherty, RM Eyring, V Josse, B MacKenzie, IA Plummer, D Righi, M Stevenson, DS Strode, S Szopa, S Zengast, G AF Silva, Raquel A. West, J. Jason Lamarque, Jean-Francois Shindell, Drew T. Collins, William J. Dalsoren, Stig Faluvegi, Greg Folberth, Gerd Horowitz, Larry W. Nagashima, Tatsuya Naik, Vaishali Rumbold, Steven T. Sudo, Kengo Takemura, Toshihiko Bergmann, Daniel Cameron-Smith, Philip Cionni, Irene Doherty, Ruth M. Eyring, Veronika Josse, Beatrice MacKenzie, Ian A. Plummer, David Righi, Mattia Stevenson, David S. Strode, Sarah Szopa, Sophie Zengast, Guang TI The effect of future ambient air pollution on human premature mortality to 2100 using output from the ACCMIP model ensemble SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; OZONE-RELATED MORTALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HEALTH IMPACTS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; GLOBAL BURDEN; CHANGING CLIMATE AB Ambient air pollution from ground-level ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with premature mortality. Future concentrations of these air pollutants will be driven by natural and anthropogenic emissions and by climate change. Using anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions projected in the four Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (RCPs), the ACCMIP ensemble of chemistry-climate models simulated future concentrations of ozone and PM2.5 at selected decades between 2000 and 2100. We use output from the ACCMIP ensemble, together with projections of future population and baseline mortality rates, to quantify the human premature mortality impacts of future ambient air pollution. Future air-pollution-related premature mortality in 2030, 2050 and 2100 is estimated for each scenario and for each model using a health impact function based on changes in concentrations of ozone and PM2.5 relative to 2000 and projected future population and baseline mortality rates. Additionally, the global mortality burden of ozone and PM2.5 in 2000 and each future period is estimated relative to 1850 concentrations, using present-day and future population and baseline mortality rates. The change in future ozone concentrations relative to 2000 is associated with excess global premature mortality in some scenarios/periods, particularly in RCP8.5 in 2100 (316 thousand deaths year(-1)), likely driven by the large increase in methane emissions and by the net effect of climate change projected in this scenario, but it leads to considerable avoided premature mortality for the three other RCPs. However, the global mortality burden of ozone markedly increases from 382 000 (121 000 to 728 000) deaths year(-1) in 2000 to between 1.09 and 2.36 million deaths year(-1) in 2100, across RCPs, mostly due to the effect of increases in population and baseline mortality rates. PM2.5 concentrations decrease relative to 2000 in all scenarios, due to projected reductions in emissions, and are associated with avoided premature mortality, particularly in 2100: between -2.39 and -1.31 million deaths year(-1) for the four RCPs. The global mortality burden of PM2.5 is estimated to decrease from 1.70 (1.30 to 2.10) million deaths year 1 in 2000 to between 0.95 and 1.55 million deaths year 1 in 2100 for the four RCPs due to the combined effect of decreases in PM2.5 concentrations and changes in population and baseline mortality rates. Trends in future air-pollution-related mortality vary regionally across scenarios, reflecting assumptions for economic growth and air pollution control specific to each RCP and region. Mortality estimates differ among chemistry-climate models due to differences in simulated pollutant concentrations, which is the greatest contributor to overall mortality uncertainty for most cases assessed here, supporting the use of model ensembles to characterize uncertainty. Increases in exposed population and baseline mortality rates of respiratory diseases magnify the impact on premature mortality of changes in future air pollutant concentrations and explain why the future global mortality burden of air pollution can exceed the current burden, even where air pollutant concentrations decrease. C1 [Silva, Raquel A.; West, J. Jason] Univ N Carolina, Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Shindell, Drew T.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Collins, William J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Dalsoren, Stig] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Faluvegi, Greg] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Faluvegi, Greg] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Folberth, Gerd; Rumbold, Steven T.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Horowitz, Larry W.; Naik, Vaishali] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Nagashima, Tatsuya] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Sudo, Kengo] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Earth & Environm Sci, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Takemura, Toshihiko] Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka, Japan. [Bergmann, Daniel; Cameron-Smith, Philip] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Cionni, Irene] Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol Energia & Sviluppo Econ, Bologna, Italy. [Doherty, Ruth M.; MacKenzie, Ian A.; Stevenson, David S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Eyring, Veronika; Righi, Mattia] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Josse, Beatrice] CNRS Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, GAME CNRM, Meteo France, Toulouse, France. [Plummer, David] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Strode, Sarah] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Strode, Sarah] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Szopa, Sophie] LSCE CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Zengast, Guang] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Rumbold, Steven T.] Univ Reading, NCAS, Reading, Berks, England. [Zengast, Guang] NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand. RP West, JJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jjwest@email.unc.edu RI Righi, Mattia/I-5120-2013; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; West, Jason/J-2322-2015; Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011 OI Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627 FU Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; Graduate School (UNC - Chapel Hill); NIEHS [1 R21 ES022600-01]; US Dept. of Energy (BER) under LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NERSC [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/I008063/1] FX The research here described was funded by a fellowship from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, by a Dissertation Completion Fellowship from The Graduate School (UNC - Chapel Hill) and by NIEHS grant no. 1 R21 ES022600-01. We thank Karin Yeatts (Department of Epidemiology, UNC - Chapel Hill) for her help in researching projections of future population and baseline mortality rates, Colin Mathers (WHO) for advising us on the IFs, Peter Speyer (IHME, University of Washington) for providing us access to GBD2010 cause-specific mortality data at the country-level, and Amanda Henley (Davis Library Research & Instructional Services, UNC - Chapel Hill) for facilitating our access to LandScan 2011 Global Population Dataset. The work of Daniel Bergmann and Philip Cameron-Smith was funded by the US Dept. of Energy (BER), performed under the auspices of LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and used the supercomputing resources of NERSC under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Ruth Doherty, Ian MacKenzie and David Stevenson acknowledge ARCHER supercomputing resources and funding under the UK Natural Environment Research Council grant NE/I008063/1. Guang Zeng acknowledges the NZ eScience Infrastructure, which is funded jointly by NeSI's collaborator institutions and through the MBIE's Research Infrastructure programme. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 5 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 15 BP 9847 EP 9862 DI 10.5194/acp-16-9847-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV7EY UT WOS:000383100300001 ER PT J AU Cyr-Racine, FY Moustakas, LA Keeton, CR Sigurdson, K Gilman, DA AF Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan Moustakas, Leonidas A. Keeton, Charles R. Sigurdson, Kris Gilman, Daniel A. TI Dark census: Statistically detecting the satellite populations of distant galaxies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID STRONG GRAVITATIONAL LENSES; SMALL-SCALE STRUCTURE; MICROLENSING LIGHT CURVES; FLUX-RATIO ANOMALIES; MATTER SUBSTRUCTURE; MASS SUBSTRUCTURE; LAMBDA-CDM; COSMOLOGICAL MODEL; MILKY-WAY; IDENTIFYING LENSES AB In the standard structure formation scenario based on the cold dark matter paradigm, galactic halos are predicted to contain a large population of dark matter subhalos. While the most massive members of the subhalo population can appear as luminous satellites and be detected in optical surveys, establishing the existence of the low mass and mostly dark subhalos has proven to be a daunting task. Galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses have been successfully used to study mass substructures lying close to lensed images of bright background sources. However, in typical galaxy-scale lenses, the strong lensing region only covers a small projected area of the lens's dark matter halo, implying that the vast majority of subhalos cannot be directly detected in lensing observations. In this paper, we point out that this large population of dark satellites can collectively affect gravitational lensing observables, hence possibly allowing their statistical detection. Focusing on the region of the galactic halo outside the strong lensing area, we compute from first principles the statistical properties of perturbations to the gravitational time delay and position of lensed images in the presence of a mass substructure population. We find that in the standard cosmological scenario, the statistics of these lensing observables are well approximated by Gaussian distributions. The formalism developed as part of this calculation is very general and can be applied to any halo geometry and choice of subhalo mass function. Our results significantly reduce the computational cost of including a large substructure population in lens models and enable the use of Bayesian inference techniques to detect and characterize the distributed satellite population of distant lens galaxies. C1 [Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan; Moustakas, Leonidas A.] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan; Moustakas, Leonidas A.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Keeton, Charles R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Sigurdson, Kris] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Gilman, Daniel A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Cyr-Racine, FY (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; Cyr-Racine, FY (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.; Cyr-Racine, FY (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Moustakas, Leonidas/0000-0003-3030-2360 FU W. M. Keck Foundation; National Science Foundation [1066293, AST-0747311]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NASA ATFP program [399131.02.02.02.98]; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada Discovery Grant; NASA Undergraduate Internship and Student Internship programs FX We thank Geoffrey Bryden, James Bullock, Curt Cutler, Olivier Dore, David Hogg, Jeffrey Jewel, James Taylor, and Michele Vallisneri for useful conversations. The work of F.-Y.C.-R. was performed in part at the California Institute of Technology for the Keck Institute for Space Studies, which is funded by the W. M. Keck Foundation. F.-Y.C.-R. thanks the Aspen Center for Physics, where some of this work was performed. The Aspen Center for Physics is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1066293. Part of the research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). L.A.M. gratefully acknowledges support by the NASA ATFP program through Award No. 399131.02.02.02.98. C. R. K. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-0747311. The research of K. S. is supported in part by a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada Discovery Grant. D. A. G. acknowledges the support of the NASA Undergraduate Internship and Student Internship programs. NR 126 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 5 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 4 AR 043505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.94.043505 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA DS7KV UT WOS:000380963300004 ER PT J AU Ruangsri, U Vigeland, SJ Hughes, SA AF Ruangsri, Uchupol Vigeland, Sarah J. Hughes, Scott A. TI Gyroscopes orbiting black holes: A frequency-domain approach to precession and spin-curvature coupling for spinning bodies on generic Kerr orbits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TEST PARTICLES; GRAVITATIONAL-WAVES; SPACETIME; MOTION; RELATIVITY; RADIATION; FIELD AB A small body orbiting a black hole follows a trajectory that, at leading order, is a geodesic of the black hole spacetime. Much effort has gone into computing "self-force" corrections to this motion, arising from the small body's own contributions to the system's spacetime. Another correction to the motion arises from coupling of the small body's spin to the black hole's spacetime curvature. Spin-curvature coupling drives a precession of the small body, and introduces a "force" (relative to the geodesic) which shifts the small body's worldline. These effects scale with the small body's spin at leading order. In this paper, we show that the equations which govern spin-curvature coupling can be analyzed with a frequency-domain decomposition, at least to leading order in the small body's spin. We show how to compute the frequency of precession along generic orbits, and how to describe the small body's precession and motion in the frequency domain. We illustrate this approach with a number of examples. This approach is likely to be useful for understanding spin coupling effects in the extreme mass ratio limit, and may provide insight into modeling spin effects in the strong field for nonextreme mass ratios. C1 [Ruangsri, Uchupol; Hughes, Scott A.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Ruangsri, Uchupol; Hughes, Scott A.] MIT, Kavli Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Vigeland, Sarah J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Vigeland, Sarah J.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Gravitat Cosmol & Astrophys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. RP Ruangsri, U (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.; Ruangsri, U (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU NSF [PHY-1403261]; NASA [NNX08AL42G] FX This work was supported at MIT by NSF Grant No. PHY-1403261, and at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. We are very grateful for feedback and helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper from Niels Warburton and Georgios Loukes-Gerakopoulos, to feedback from L. Filipe O. Costa and Jose Natario on our original arXiv.org posting, and to the paper's anonymous referee from an extremely thorough and helpful report. Many of our calculations were done using the package MATHEMATICA. A very early version of this work was supported at MIT by NASA Grant No. NNX08AL42G, and was published as a chapter in S. J. V.'s Ph.D. thesis [98]. NR 98 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 5 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 4 AR 044008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.94.044008 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA DS7KV UT WOS:000380963300005 ER PT J AU Benjamin, CL Stowe, RP St John, L Sams, CF Mehta, SK Crucian, BE Pierson, DL Komanduri, KV AF Benjamin, Cara L. Stowe, Raymond P. St John, Lisa Sams, Clarence F. Mehta, Satish K. Crucian, Brian E. Pierson, Duane L. Komanduri, Krishna V. TI Decreases in thymopoiesis of astronauts returning from space flight SO JCI INSIGHT LA English DT Article ID CORD BLOOD TRANSPLANTATION; LONG-DURATION SPACEFLIGHT; THYMIC FUNCTION; T-CELLS; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; THYMOCYTES; APOPTOSIS; MICE; SYSTEM AB Following the advent of molecular assays that measure T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) present in recent thymic emigrants, it has been conclusively shown that thymopoiesis persists in most adults, but that functional output decreases with age, influencing the maintenance of a diverse and functional T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Space flight has been shown to result in a variety of phenotypic and functional changes in human T cells and in the reactivation of latent viruses. While space flight has been shown to influence thymic architecture in rodents, thymopoiesis has not previously been assessed in astronauts. Here, we assessed thymopoiesis longitudinally over a 1-year period prior to and after long-term space flight (median duration, 184 days) in 16 astronauts. While preflight assessments of thymopoiesis remained quite stable in individual astronauts, we detected significant suppression of thymopoiesis in all subjects upon return from space flight. We also found significant increases in urine and plasma levels of endogenous glucocorticoids coincident with the suppression of thymopoiesis. The glucocorticoid induction and thymopoiesis suppression were transient, and they normalized shortly after return to Earth. This is the first report to our knowledge to prospectively demonstrate a significant change in thymopoiesis in healthy individuals in association with a defined physiologic emotional and physical stress event. These results suggest that suppression of thymopoiesis has the potential to influence the maintenance of the TCR repertoire during extended space travel. Further studies of thymopoiesis and endogenous glucocorticoids in other stress states, including illness, are warranted. C1 [Benjamin, Cara L.; Komanduri, Krishna V.] Univ Miami, Sylvester Canc Ctr, Adult Stem Cell Transplant Program, Miami, FL USA. [Stowe, Raymond P.] Microgen Labs, La Marque, TX USA. [St John, Lisa] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Sams, Clarence F.; Crucian, Brian E.; Pierson, Duane L.] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Mehta, Satish K.] Jestech, Houston, TX USA. RP Komanduri, KV (reprint author), Univ Miami, 1501 NW 10th Ave,BRB Room 916, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM kkomanduri@med.miami.edu NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 2379-3708 J9 JCI INSIGHT JI JCI Insight PD AUG 4 PY 2016 VL 1 IS 12 AR e88787 DI 10.1172/jci.insight.88787 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA EB1NH UT WOS:000387118800011 PM 27699228 ER PT J AU De Sanctis, MC Raponi, A Ammannito, E Ciarniello, M Toplis, MJ McSween, HY Castillo-Rogez, JC Ehlmann, BL Carrozzo, FG Marchi, S Tosi, F Zambon, F Capaccioni, F Capria, MT Fonte, S Formisano, M Frigeri, A Giardino, M Longobardo, A Magni, G Palomba, E McFadden, LA Pieters, CM Jaumann, R Schenk, P Mugnuolo, R Raymond, CA Russell, CT AF De Sanctis, M. C. Raponi, A. Ammannito, E. Ciarniello, M. Toplis, M. J. McSween, H. Y. Castillo-Rogez, J. C. Ehlmann, B. L. Carrozzo, F. G. Marchi, S. Tosi, F. Zambon, F. Capaccioni, F. Capria, M. T. Fonte, S. Formisano, M. Frigeri, A. Giardino, M. Longobardo, A. Magni, G. Palomba, E. McFadden, L. A. Pieters, C. M. Jaumann, R. Schenk, P. Mugnuolo, R. Raymond, C. A. Russell, C. T. TI Bright carbonate deposits as evidence of aqueous alteration on (1) Ceres SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID AMMONIUM-BEARING MINERALS; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; WATER ICE; MU-M; COMET 67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO; CRYSTALLINE H2O-ICE; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; CI CHONDRITES; SPECTROSCOPY; ENCELADUS AB The typically dark surface of the dwarf planet Ceres is punctuated by areas of much higher albedo, most prominently in the Occator crater(1). These small bright areas have been tentatively interpreted as containing a large amount of hydrated magnesium sulfate(1), in contrast to the average surface, which is a mixture of lowalbedo materials and magnesium phyllosilicates, ammoniated phyllosilicates and carbonates(2-4). Here we report high spatial and spectral resolution near-infrared observations of the bright areas in the Occator crater on Ceres. Spectra of these bright areas are consistent with a large amount of sodium carbonate, constituting the most concentrated known extraterrestrial occurrence of carbonate on kilometre-wide scales in the Solar System. The carbonates are mixed with a dark component and small amounts of phyllosilicates, as well as ammonium carbonate or ammonium chloride. Some of these compounds have also been detected in the plume of Saturn's sixth-largest moon Enceladus(5). The compounds are endogenous and we propose that they are the solid residue of crystallization of brines and entrained altered solids that reached the surface from below. The heat source may have been transient (triggered by impact heating). Alternatively, internal temperatures may be above the eutectic temperature of subsurface brines, in which case fluids may exist at depth on Ceres today. C1 [De Sanctis, M. C.; Raponi, A.; Ammannito, E.; Ciarniello, M.; Carrozzo, F. G.; Marchi, S.; Tosi, F.; Zambon, F.; Capaccioni, F.; Capria, M. T.; Fonte, S.; Formisano, M.; Frigeri, A.; Giardino, M.; Longobardo, A.; Magni, G.; Palomba, E.] Ist Nazl Astrofis INAF, Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ammannito, E.; Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Toplis, M. J.] Univ Toulouse 3, Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, Toulouse, France. [McSween, H. Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Castillo-Rogez, J. C.; Ehlmann, B. L.; Raymond, C. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Ehlmann, B. L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Marchi, S.] SRI, Solar Syst Explorat Res Virtual Inst, 1050 Walnut St, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [McFadden, L. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pieters, C. M.] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Jaumann, R.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Schenk, P.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Mugnuolo, R.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via Politecn, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP De Sanctis, MC (reprint author), Ist Nazl Astrofis INAF, Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM mariacristina.desanctis@iaps.inaf.it RI Frigeri, Alessandro/F-2151-2010; OI Frigeri, Alessandro/0000-0002-9140-3977; McFadden, Lucy/0000-0002-0537-9975; Palomba, Ernesto/0000-0002-9101-6774; Tosi, Federico/0000-0003-4002-2434; Zambon, Francesca/0000-0002-4190-6592 FU Italian Space Agency; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, USA); Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR, Germany) FX We thank the following institutions and agencies which supported this work: the Italian Space Agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, USA) and the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR, Germany). The VIR was funded and coordinated by the Italian Space Agency and built by SELEX ES, with the scientific leadership of the Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology and the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics, and is operated by the Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, Italy. A portion of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA, under contract to NASA. We also thank the Dawn Mission Operations team and the Framing Camera team. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 14 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 4 PY 2016 VL 536 IS 7614 BP 54 EP + DI 10.1038/nature18290 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DS7YM UT WOS:000380999200028 PM 27362221 ER PT J AU Daskalakis, N Tsigaridis, K Myriokefalitakis, S Fanourgakis, GS Kanakidou, M AF Daskalakis, Nikos Tsigaridis, Kostas Myriokefalitakis, Stelios Fanourgakis, George S. Kanakidou, Maria TI Large gain in air quality compared to an alternative anthropogenic emissions scenario SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; AEROSOL TRENDS; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; AEROCOM; REANALYSIS; TRANSPORT; CHEMISTRY AB During the last 30 years, significant effort has been made to improve air quality through legislation for emissions reduction. Global three-dimensional chemistry-transport simulations of atmospheric composition over the past 3 decades have been performed to estimate what the air quality levels would have been under a scenario of stagnation of anthropogenic emissions per capita as in 1980, accounting for the population increase (BA1980) or using the standard practice of neglecting it (AE1980), and how they compare to the historical changes in air quality levels. The simulations are based on assimilated meteorology to account for the year-to- year observed climate variability and on different scenarios of anthropogenic emissions of pollutants. The ACCMIP historical emissions dataset is used as the starting point. Our sensitivity simulations provide clear indications that air quality legislation and technology developments have limited the rapid increase of air pollutants. The achieved reductions in concentrations of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, black carbon, and sulfate aerosols are found to be significant when comparing to both BA1980 and AE1980 simulations that neglect any measures applied for the protection of the environment. We also show the potentially large tropospheric air quality benefit from the development of cleaner technology used by the growing global population. These 30-year hindcast sensitivity simulations demonstrate that the actual benefit in air quality due to air pollution legislation and technological advances is higher than the gain calculated by a simple comparison against a constant anthropogenic emissions simulation, as is usually done. Our results also indicate that over China and India the beneficial technological advances for the air quality may have been masked by the explosive increase in local population and the disproportional increase in energy demand partially due to the globalization of the economy. C1 [Daskalakis, Nikos; Myriokefalitakis, Stelios; Fanourgakis, George S.; Kanakidou, Maria] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Environm Chem Proc Lab, POB 2208, Iraklion 70013, Greece. [Daskalakis, Nikos] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas FORTH ICE HT, Inst Chem Engn, Patras 26504, Greece. [Tsigaridis, Kostas] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tsigaridis, Kostas] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Daskalakis, Nikos] UPMC UVSQ CNRS, Observat Spatiales, Milieux, LATMOS,Lab Atmospheres, Paris, France. RP Daskalakis, N; Kanakidou, M (reprint author), Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Environm Chem Proc Lab, POB 2208, Iraklion 70013, Greece.; Daskalakis, N (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas FORTH ICE HT, Inst Chem Engn, Patras 26504, Greece.; Daskalakis, N (reprint author), UPMC UVSQ CNRS, Observat Spatiales, Milieux, LATMOS,Lab Atmospheres, Paris, France. EM nick@chemistry.uoc.gr; mariak@chemistry.uoc.gr RI Kanakidou, Maria/D-7882-2012; Myriokefalitakis, Stylianos/J-3701-2014 OI Kanakidou, Maria/0000-0002-1724-9692; Myriokefalitakis, Stylianos/0000-0002-1541-7680 FU EU-FP7 project PEGASOS [FP7-ENV-2010-265148]; EU-FP7 project ECLIPSE [FP7-ENV-2011-282688]; EU-FP7 project BACCHUS [603445] FX This work has been supported by the EU-FP7 project PEGASOS (FP7-ENV-2010-265148), the EU-FP7 project ECLIPSE (FP7-ENV-2011-282688), and the EU-FP7 project BACCHUS (project number 603445). We thank Frank Dentener and Michael Gauss for pertinent comments during early stages of this work. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 4 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 15 BP 9771 EP 9784 DI 10.5194/acp-16-9771-2016 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV6MD UT WOS:000383049300001 ER PT J AU Kasoar, M Voulgarakis, A Lamarque, JF Shindell, DT Bellouin, N Collins, WJ Faluvegi, G Tsigaridis, K AF Kasoar, Matthew Voulgarakis, Apostolos Lamarque, Jean-Francois Shindell, Drew T. Bellouin, Nicolas Collins, William J. Faluvegi, Greg Tsigaridis, Kostas TI Regional and global temperature response to anthropogenic SO2 emissions from China in three climate models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MICROPHYSICS MODEL; SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; SULFATE AEROSOL; GISS MODELE2; SEA-SALT; SIMULATIONS; PRECIPITATION; CHEMISTRY; AEROCOM; 20TH-CENTURY AB We use the HadGEM3-GA4, CESM1, and GISS ModelE2 climate models to investigate the global and regional aerosol burden, radiative flux, and surface temperature responses to removing anthropogenic sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from China. We find that the models differ by up to a factor of 6 in the simulated change in aerosol optical depth (AOD) and shortwave radiative flux over China that results from reduced sulfate aerosol, leading to a large range of magnitudes in the regional and global temperature responses. Two of the three models simulate a near-ubiquitous hemispheric warming due to the regional SO2 removal, with similarities in the local and remote pattern of response, but overall with a substantially different magnitude. The third model simulates almost no significant temperature response. We attribute the discrepancies in the response to a combination of substantial differences in the chemical conversion of SO2 to sulfate, translation of sulfate mass into AOD, cloud radiative interactions, and differences in the radiative forcing efficiency of sulfate aerosol in the models. The model with the strongest response (HadGEM3-GA4) compares best with observations of AOD regionally, however the other two models compare similarly (albeit poorly) and still disagree substantially in their simulated climate response, indicating that total AOD observations are far from sufficient to determine which model response is more plausible. Our results highlight that there remains a large uncertainty in the representation of both aerosol chemistry as well as direct and indirect aerosol radiative effects in current climate models, and reinforces that caution must be applied when interpreting the results of modelling studies of aerosol influences on climate. Model studies that implicate aerosols in climate responses should ideally explore a range of radiative forcing strengths representative of this uncertainty, in addition to thoroughly evaluating the models used against observations. C1 [Kasoar, Matthew; Voulgarakis, Apostolos] Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, London, England. [Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling & Climate & Gl, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Shindell, Drew T.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Bellouin, Nicolas; Collins, William J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Faluvegi, Greg; Tsigaridis, Kostas] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Faluvegi, Greg; Tsigaridis, Kostas] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Kasoar, M (reprint author), Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, London, England. EM m.kasoar12@imperial.ac.uk RI Collins, William/A-5895-2010 OI Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850 FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/K500872/1]; European Commission's Marie Curie Actions International Research Staff Exchange Scheme (IRSES) FX Matthew Kasoar and Apostolos Voulgarakis are supported by the Natural Environment Research Council under grant no. NE/K500872/1. Also, we wish to thank the European Commission's Marie Curie Actions International Research Staff Exchange Scheme (IRSES) for funding MK's placement at NASA GISS and Columbia University and facilitating interactions on this work with the US colleagues, as part of the Regional Climate-Air Quality Interactions (REQUA) project. Simulations with GISS-E2 used resources provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. Simulations with HadGEM3-GA4 were performed using the MONSooN system, a collaborative facility supplied under the Joint Weather and Climate Research Programme, which is a strategic partnership between the Met Office and the Natural Environment Research Council. We specifically thank Fiona O'Connor, Jeremy Walton, and Mohit Dalvi from the Met Office for their support with using the HadGEM3-GA4 model. NR 75 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 13 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 4 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 15 BP 9785 EP 9804 DI 10.5194/acp-16-9785-2016 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV6MD UT WOS:000383049300002 ER PT J AU Bauder, JM Breininger, DR Bolt, MR Legare, ML Jenkins, CL Rothermel, BB McGarigal, K AF Bauder, Javan M. Breininger, David R. Bolt, M. Rebecca Legare, Michael L. Jenkins, Christopher L. Rothermel, Betsie B. McGarigal, Kevin TI The Influence of Sex and Season on Conspecific Spatial Overlap in a Large, Actively-Foraging Colubrid Snake SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN INDIGO SNAKE; RATTLESNAKES CROTALUS-VIRIDIS; KERNEL DENSITY-ESTIMATION; HOME-RANGE OVERLAP; DRYMARCHON-COUPERI; BODY-SIZE; SPACE-USE; MASTICOPHIS-FLAGELLUM; POPULATION REGULATION; TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR AB Understanding the factors influencing the degree of spatial overlap among conspecifics is important for understanding multiple ecological processes. Compared to terrestrial carnivores, relatively little is known about the factors influencing conspecific spatial overlap in snakes, although across snake taxa there appears to be substantial variation in conspecific spatial overlap. In this study, we described conspecific spatial overlap of eastern indigo snakes (Drymarchon couperi) in peninsular Florida and examined how conspecific spatial overlap varied by sex and season (breeding season vs. non-breeding season). We calculated multiple indices of spatial overlap using 6-and 3-month utilization distributions (UD) of dyads of simultaneously adjacent telemetered snakes. We also measured conspecific UD density values at each telemetry fix and modeled the distribution of those values as a function of overlap type, sex, and season using generalized Pareto distributions. Home range overlap between males and females was significantly greater than overlap between individuals of the same sex and male home ranges often completely contained female home ranges. Male home ranges overlapped little during both seasons, whereas females had higher levels of overlap during the non-breeding season. The spatial patterns observed in our study are consistent with those seen in many mammalian carnivores, in which low male-male overlap and high inter-sexual overlap provides males with greater access to females. We encourage additional research on the influence of prey availability on conspecific spatial overlap in snakes as well as the behavioral mechanisms responsible for maintaining the low levels of overlap we observed. C1 [Bauder, Javan M.; McGarigal, Kevin] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Breininger, David R.; Bolt, M. Rebecca] NASA, Ecol Programs, Integrated Miss Support Serv, Kennedy Space Ctr, Titusville, FL USA. [Legare, Michael L.] Merritt Isl Natl Wildlife Refuge, Titusville, FL USA. [Jenkins, Christopher L.] Orianne Soc, Athens, GA USA. [Rothermel, Betsie B.] Archbold Biol Stn, Venus, FL USA. RP Bauder, JM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM javanvonherp@gmail.com FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Orianne Society; NASA; Bailey Wildlife Foundation FX Funding for this project was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (www.fws.gov) and The Orianne Society (www.oriannesociety.org) to JMB and CLJ and by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, NASA, and the Bailey Wildlife Foundation to DRB, MRB, and MLL. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of this manuscript. NR 101 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 4 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 8 AR e0160033 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0160033 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DT3GL UT WOS:000381368900027 PM 27490346 ER PT J AU Yan, XL Wright, JS Zheng, XD Livesey, NJ Vomel, H Zhou, XJ AF Yan, Xiaolu Wright, Jonathon S. Zheng, Xiangdong Livesey, Nathaniel J. Vomel, Holger Zhou, Xiuji TI Validation of Aura MLS retrievals of temperature, water vapour and ozone in the upper troposphere and lower-middle stratosphere over the Tibetan Plateau during boreal summer SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID EOS MLS; SATELLITE; TRANSPORT; HUMIDITY AB We validate Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) version 3 (v3) and version 4 (v4) retrievals of summertime temperature, water vapour and ozone in the upper troposphere and lower-middle stratosphere (UTLS; 10-316 hPa) against balloon soundings collected during the Study of Ozone, Aerosols and Radiation over the Tibetan Plateau (SOAR-TP). Mean v3 and v4 profiles of temperature, water vapour and ozone in this region during the measurement campaigns are almost identical through most of the stratosphere (10-68 hPa), but differ in several respects in the upper troposphere and tropopause layer. Differences in v4 relative to v3 include slightly colder mean temperatures from 100 to 316 hPa, smaller mean water vapour mixing ratios in the upper troposphere (215-316 hPa) and a more vertically homogeneous profile of mean ozone mixing ratios below the climatological tropopause (100-316 hPa). These changes substantially improve agreement between ozonesondes and MLS ozone retrievals in the upper troposphere, but slightly worsen existing cold and dry biases at these levels. Aura MLS temperature profiles contain significant cold biases relative to collocated temperature measurements in several layers of the lower-middle stratosphere and in the upper troposphere. MLS retrievals of water vapour volume mixing ratio generally compare well with collocated measurements, excepting a substantial dry bias (-32 +/- 11% in v4) that extends through most of the upper troposphere (121-261 hPa). MLS retrievals of ozone volume mixing ratio are biased high relative to collocated ozonesondes in the stratosphere (18-83 hPa), but are biased low at 100 hPa. The largest relative biases in ozone retrievals (approximately +70 %) are located at 83 hPa. MLS v4 offers substantial benefits relative to v3, particularly with respect to water vapour and ozone. Key improvements include larger data yields, reduced noise in the upper troposphere and smaller fluctuations in the bias profile at pressures larger than 100 hPa. The situation for temperature is less clear, with cold biases and noise levels in the upper troposphere, both larger in v4 than in v3. Several aspects of our results differ from those of validations conducted in other locations. These differences are often amplified by monsoon onset, indicating that the Asian monsoon anticyclone poses unique challenges for remote sensing that impact the quality of MLS retrievals in this region. C1 [Yan, Xiaolu; Zheng, Xiangdong; Zhou, Xiuji] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wright, Jonathon S.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Livesey, Nathaniel J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Vomel, Holger] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Yan, Xiaolu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Key Lab Middle Atmosphere & Global Environm Obser, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yan, Xiaolu] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res Stratosphere IEK 7, Julich, Germany. RP Zheng, XD (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Wright, JS (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM jswright@tsinghua.edu.cn; zhengxd@cams.cma.gov.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40875014]; Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest [GYHY201106023]; Science and Technological Innovation Team Project of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science [2011Z003, 2013Z005]; Young Thousand Talents fellowship at Tsinghua University; Tengchong Meteorological Bureau in Yunnan; Naqu Meteorological Bureau; Lhasa Meteorological Bureau; Linzhi Meteorological Bureau in Tibet FX Support for the balloon soundings at Tengchong was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 40875014. Support for the balloon soundings at Naqu, Lhasa and Linzhi was provided the Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest under grant GYHY201106023 and the Science and Technological Innovation Team Project of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science under grants 2011Z003 and 2013Z005. The validation analysis was supported by a Young Thousand Talents fellowship at Tsinghua University. The measurement campaigns were supported by the Tengchong Meteorological Bureau in Yunnan and the Naqu Meteorological Bureau, Lhasa Meteorological Bureau and Linzhi Meteorological Bureau in Tibet. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology was performed under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank Michelle Santee, Irina Gerasimov and James E. Johnson for facilitating early access to the MLS version 4 data; Yonghong Ma and Yong Zhang from the Tibet Meteorological Bureau; Weiguo Wang from Yunnan University and the staff members of Kunming Observatory; Kejia Jia at the Linzhi Meteorological Bureau; and Wei Li, Jianyang Song, Jin Ma and Shumeng Sun from the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD AUG 3 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 8 BP 3547 EP 3566 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3547-2016 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV6MG UT WOS:000383049600001 ER PT J AU Hedelius, JK Viatte, C Wunch, D Roehl, CM Toon, GC Chen, J Jones, T Wofsy, SC Franklin, JE Parker, H Dubey, MK Wennberg, PO AF Hedelius, Jacob K. Viatte, Camille Wunch, Debra Roehl, Coleen M. Toon, Geoffrey C. Chen, Jia Jones, Taylor Wofsy, Steven C. Franklin, Jonathan E. Parker, Harrison Dubey, Manvendra K. Wennberg, Paul O. TI Assessment of errors and biases in retrievals of X-CO2, X-CH4, X-CO, and X-N2O from a 0.5 cm(-1) resolution solar-viewing spectrometer SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETRY; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; INSTRUMENTAL LINE-SHAPE; PORTABLE FTIR SPECTROMETERS; COLUMN OBSERVING NETWORK; FTS; CH4; SPECTROSCOPY; VERIFICATION; CALIBRATION AB Bruker (TM) EM27/SUN instruments are commercial mobile solar-viewing near-IR spectrometers. They show promise for expanding the global density of atmospheric column measurements of greenhouse gases and are being marketed for such applications. They have been shown to measure the same variations of atmospheric gases within a day as the high-resolution spectrometers of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). However, there is little known about the long-term precision and uncertainty budgets of EM27/SUN measurements. In this study, which includes a comparison of 186 measurement days spanning 11 months, we note that atmospheric variations of X-gas within a single day are well captured by these low-resolution instruments, but over several months, the measurements drift noticeably. We present comparisons between EM27/SUN instruments and the TCCON using GGG as the retrieval algorithm. In addition, we perform several tests to evaluate the robustness of the performance and determine the largest sources of errors from these spectrometers. We include comparisons of X-CO2, X-CH4, X-CO, and X-N2O. Specifically we note EM27/SUN biases for January 2015 of 0.03, 0.75, -0.12, and 2.43% for X-CO2, X-CH4, X-CO, and X-N2O respectively, with 1 sigma running precisions of 0.08 and 0.06% for X-CO2 and X-CH4 from measurements in Pasadena. We also identify significant error caused by nonlinear sensitivity when using an extended spectral range detector used to measure CO and N2O. C1 [Hedelius, Jacob K.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Viatte, Camille; Wunch, Debra; Roehl, Coleen M.; Toon, Geoffrey C.; Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Toon, Geoffrey C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Chen, Jia; Jones, Taylor; Wofsy, Steven C.; Franklin, Jonathan E.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chen, Jia; Jones, Taylor; Wofsy, Steven C.; Franklin, Jonathan E.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Franklin, Jonathan E.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Parker, Harrison; Dubey, Manvendra K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Wunch, Debra] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Chen, Jia] Tech Univ Munich, Elect & Comp Engn, Munich, Germany. RP Hedelius, JK (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jhedeliu@caltech.edu RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Hedelius, Jacob/0000-0003-2025-7519 FU W. M. Keck Institute for Space Studies; Caltech Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division Fellowship - Dow Chemical Graduate Fellowship; NASA Carbon Cycle Science program [NNX14AI60G]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; NASA-CMS; NSF MRI Award [1337512] FX We thank Frank Hase and Michael Gisi for helpful discussions on ghost reduction, detector nonlinearity, and ILS measurements. We further thank Michael Gisi and Bruker Optics (TM) for loaning us a standard InGaAs detector for testing and for instructions on realigning the EM27/SUN. We thank Dietrich Feist for discussions on mirror degradation. We also thank Nicholas Jones, David Giffith, Frank Hase, and Sabrina Arnold for sharing their experience with mirror degradation. This work is supported in part by the W. M. Keck Institute for Space Studies. Jacob Hedelius was also partially supported by a Caltech Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division Fellowship funded by the Dow Chemical Graduate Fellowship, and expresses thanks to them. The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the NASA Carbon Cycle Science program (grant number NNX14AI60G) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Manvendra K. Dubey acknowledges funding from the NASA-CMS program for field observations and from the LANL-LDRD for the acquisition of the LANL EM27/SUN. Jia Chen, Taylor Jones, Jonathan E. Franklin, and Steven C. Wofsy acknowledge funding provided by NSF MRI Award 1337512. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD AUG 3 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 8 BP 3527 EP 3546 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3527-2016 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV3MT UT WOS:000382827300001 ER PT J AU Bell, JR Molthan, AL AF Bell, Jordan R. Molthan, Andrew L. TI Evaluation of Approaches to Identifying Hail Damage to Crop Vegetation Using Satellite Imagery SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDEX; STORM AB During the growing season in the central United States, severe thunderstorms frequently occur and produce large hail that damages the underlying vegetation, often in agricultural areas. Satellite remote sensing provides a tool for identifying these damaged areas. Previous studies have used changes in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to identify and examine these areas of damage, but have done so in a manual, time-consuming manner. This study examines an automated approach to detecting areas of hail damage in satellite imagery. Two techniques are evaluated: (i) use of an NDVI change threshold and (ii) detection of anomalies that occur in both daily NDVI and land surface temperature imagery. The two techniques are scored against one another using three different case studies. Two of the case studies occurred late in the growing season in August, and the third occurred in the growing season in early June. The NDVI threshold performed well in the two August case studies with a final probability of detection (POD) ranging from 0.497 to 0.647, whereas the anomaly detection for these two case studies had a lower POD of 0.317 to 0.587. The early June case study highlighted the limitations of using an NDVI threshold and the strengths of using anomaly detection. The POD for the NDVI threshold technique was 0.07-0.08 with a false alarm ratio (FAR) of 0.661-0.758, whereas the anomaly detection had a POD of 0.399-0.418 and a FAR of 0.540-0.681 for this third case study. C1 [Bell, Jordan R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Molthan, Andrew L.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Off, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Bell, JR (reprint author), 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM jordan.r.bell@nasa.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL WEATHER ASSOC PI NORMAN PA 350 DAVID L BOREN BLVD, STE 2750, NORMAN, OK USA SN 2325-6184 J9 J OPER METEOROL JI J. Oper. Meteorol. PD AUG 2 PY 2016 VL 4 IS 11 BP 142 EP 159 DI 10.15191/nwajom.2016.0411 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC9VM UT WOS:000388492400001 ER PT J AU Petersen, N Jaekel, P Rosenberger, A Weber, T Scott, J Castrucci, F Lambrecht, G Ploutz-Snyder, L Damann, V Kozlovskaya, I Mester, J AF Petersen, Nora Jaekel, Patrick Rosenberger, Andre Weber, Tobias Scott, Jonathan Castrucci, Filippo Lambrecht, Gunda Ploutz-Snyder, Lori Damann, Volker Kozlovskaya, Inessa Mester, Joachim TI Exercise in space: the European Space Agency approach to in-flight exercise countermeasures for long-duration missions on ISS SO EXTREME PHYSIOLOGY & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Exercise countermeasures; Microgravity; European Space Agency; International Space Station; Astronaut training; Space flight; Physical performance ID SPACEFLIGHT; MICROGRAVITY; WEIGHT; MUSCLE; BONE AB Background: To counteract microgravity (mu G)-induced adaptation, European Space Agency (ESA) astronauts on long-duration missions (LDMs) to the International Space Station (ISS) perform a daily physical exercise countermeasure program. Since the first ESA crewmember completed an LDM in 2006, the ESA countermeasure program has strived to provide efficient protection against decreases in body mass, muscle strength, bone mass, and aerobic capacity within the operational constraints of the ISS environment and the changing availability of on-board exercise devices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a description of ESA's individualised approach to in-flight exercise countermeasures and an up-to-date picture of how exercise is used to counteract physiological changes resulting from mu G-induced adaptation. Changes in the absolute workload for resistive exercise, treadmill running and cycle ergometry throughout ESA's eight LDMs are also presented, and aspects of pre-flight physical preparation and post-flight reconditioning outlined. Results: With the introduction of the advanced resistive exercise device (ARED) in 2009, the relative contribution of resistance exercise to total in-flight exercise increased (33-46 %), whilst treadmill running (42-33 %) and cycle ergometry (26-20 %) decreased. All eight ESA crewmembers increased their in-flight absolute workload during their LDMs for resistance exercise and treadmill running (running speed and vertical loading through the harness), while cycle ergometer workload was unchanged across missions. Conclusion: Increased or unchanged absolute exercise workloads in-flight would appear contradictory to typical post-flight reductions in muscle mass and strength, and cardiovascular capacity following LDMs. However, increased absolute in-flight workloads are not directly linked to changes in exercise capacity as they likely also reflect the planned, conservative loading early in the mission to allow adaption to mu G exercise, including personal comfort issues with novel exercise hardware (e.g. the treadmill harness). Inconsistency in hardware and individualised support concepts across time limit the comparability of results from different crewmembers, and questions regarding the difference between cycling and running in mu G versus identical exercise here on Earth, and other factors that might influence in-flight exercise performance, still require further investigation. C1 [Petersen, Nora; Jaekel, Patrick; Rosenberger, Andre; Scott, Jonathan; Lambrecht, Gunda] Wyle GmbH, Cologne, Germany. [Petersen, Nora; Jaekel, Patrick; Rosenberger, Andre; Weber, Tobias; Scott, Jonathan; Castrucci, Filippo; Damann, Volker] ESA, Space Med Off HSO AM, European Astronaut Ctr Dept, D HSO, Geb 12,POB 906096, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. [Castrucci, Filippo] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Cologne, Germany. [Ploutz-Snyder, Lori] NASA, Univ Space Res Assoc, Johnson Space Ctr, B261,SK3, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Kozlovskaya, Inessa] Russian Space Federat Roscosmos, Inst Biomed Problems IBMP, Khoroshevskoe Shosse 76A, Moscow 123007, Russia. [Petersen, Nora; Mester, Joachim] German Sport Univ Cologne DSHS, Inst Training Sci & Sport Informat, Sportpk Muengersdorf 6, D-50933 Cologne, Germany. [Damann, Volker] ISU, Parc Innovat,1 Rue Jean Domin Cassini, F-67400 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. RP Petersen, N (reprint author), ESA, Space Med Off HSO AM, European Astronaut Ctr Dept, D HSO, Geb 12,POB 906096, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. EM Nora.Petersen@esa.int RI Kozlovskaya, Inesa/R-9729-2016 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2046-7648 J9 EXTREME PHYSIOL MED JI Extreme Physiol. Med. PD AUG 2 PY 2016 VL 5 AR 9 DI 10.1186/s13728-016-0050-4 PG 13 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA EB9XT UT WOS:000387751900001 PM 27489615 ER PT J AU Vitello, EA Quek, SI Kincaid, H Fuchs, T Crichton, DJ Troisch, P Liu, AY AF Vitello, Elizabeth A. Quek, Sue-Ing Kincaid, Heather Fuchs, Thomas Crichton, Daniel J. Troisch, Pamela Liu, Alvin Y. TI Cancer-secreted AGR2 induces programmed cell death in normal cells SO ONCOTARGET LA English DT Article DE AGR2; prostate cancer cell types; prostate stromal cells; programmed cell death; SAT1 ID PROSTATE-CANCER; ANTERIOR GRADIENT-2; PANCREATIC-CANCER; DOWN-REGULATION; STROMAL CELLS; VOIDED URINE; GENE; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; PROMOTES AB Anterior Gradient 2 (AGR2) is a protein expressed in many solid tumor types including prostate, pancreatic, breast and lung. AGR2 functions as a protein disulfide isomerase in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, AGR2 is secreted by cancer cells that overexpress this molecule. Secretion of AGR2 was also found in salamander limb regeneration. Due to its ubiquity, tumor secretion of AGR2 must serve an important role in cancer, yet its molecular function is largely unknown. This study examined the effect of cancer-secreted AGR2 on normal cells. Prostate stromal cells were cultured, and tissue digestion media containing AGR2 prepared from prostate primary cancer 10-076 CP and adenocarcinoma LuCaP 70CR xenograft were added. The control were tissue digestion media containing no AGR2 prepared from benign prostate 10076 NP and small cell carcinoma LuCaP 145.1 xenograft. In the presence of tumor-secreted AGR2, the stromal cells were found to undergo programmed cell death (PCD) characterized by formation of cellular blebs, cell shrinkage, and DNA fragmentation as seen when the stromal cells were UV irradiated or treated by a pro-apoptotic drug. PCD could be prevented with the addition of the monoclonal AGR2-neutralizing antibody P3A5. DNA microarray analysis of LuCaP 70CR media-treated vs. LuCaP 145.1 media-treated cells showed downregulation of the gene SAT1 as a major change in cells exposed to AGR2. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the array result. SAT1 encodes spermidine/spermine N-1-acetyltransferase, which maintains intracellular polyamine levels. Abnormal polyamine metabolism as a result of altered SAT1 activity has an adverse effect on cells through the induction of PCD. C1 [Vitello, Elizabeth A.; Quek, Sue-Ing; Liu, Alvin Y.] Univ Washington, Dept Urol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Vitello, Elizabeth A.; Quek, Sue-Ing; Liu, Alvin Y.] Univ Washington, Inst Stem Cell & Regenerat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kincaid, Heather; Fuchs, Thomas; Crichton, Daniel J.] EDRN Informat Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA. [Kincaid, Heather; Fuchs, Thomas; Crichton, Daniel J.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Troisch, Pamela] Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA USA. [Quek, Sue-Ing] Singapore Polytech, Ctr Biomed & Life Sci T11A 412, Level 4, Singapore, Singapore. RP Vitello, EA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Urol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Vitello, EA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Inst Stem Cell & Regenerat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM evitello@uw.edu FU NCI [CA111244, NNN13R204T] FX This work was supported by NCI grant CA111244, an interagency agreement between NASA and JPL Task Order Number NNN13R204T. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IMPACT JOURNALS LLC PI ALBANY PA 6211 TIPTON HOUSE, STE 6, ALBANY, NY 12203 USA SN 1949-2553 J9 ONCOTARGET JI Oncotarget PD AUG 2 PY 2016 VL 7 IS 31 BP 49425 EP 49434 DI 10.18632/oncotarget.9921 PG 10 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA DY8ZS UT WOS:000385422000047 PM 27283903 ER PT J AU Snider, G Weagle, CL Murdymootoo, KK Ring, A Ritchie, Y Stone, E Walsh, A Akoshile, C Anh, NX Balasubramanian, R Brook, J Qonitan, FD Dong, JL Griffith, D He, KB Holben, BN Kahn, R Lagrosas, N Lestari, P Ma, ZW Misra, A Norford, LK Quel, EJ Salam, A Schichtel, B Segev, L Tripathi, S Wang, C Yu, C Zhang, Q Zhang, YX Brauer, M Cohen, A Gibson, MD Liu, Y Martins, JV Rudich, Y Martin, RV AF Snider, Graydon Weagle, Crystal L. Murdymootoo, Kalaivani K. Ring, Amanda Ritchie, Yvonne Stone, Emily Walsh, Ainsley Akoshile, Clement Nguyen Xuan Anh Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar Brook, Jeff Qonitan, Fatimah D. Dong, Jinlu Griffith, Derek He, Kebin Holben, Brent N. Kahn, Ralph Lagrosas, Nofel Lestari, Puji Ma, Zongwei Misra, Amit Norford, Leslie K. Quel, Eduardo J. Salam, Abdus Schichtel, Bret Segev, Lior Tripathi, Sachchida Wang, Chien Yu, Chao Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Yuxuan Brauer, Michael Cohen, Aaron Gibson, Mark D. Liu, Yang Martins, J. Vanderlei Rudich, Yinon Martin, Randall V. TI Variation in global chemical composition of PM2.5: emerging results from SPARTAN SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; SINGLE-PARAMETER REPRESENTATION; CONDENSATION NUCLEUS ACTIVITY; BIOMASS BURNING AEROSOL; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; EXTENDED FOLLOW-UP; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; HARVARD 6 CITIES; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH; AIR-POLLUTION AB The Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) is a long-term project that includes characterization of chemical and physical attributes of aerosols from filter samples collected worldwide. This paper discusses the ongoing efforts of SPARTAN to define and quantify major ions and trace metals found in fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Our methods infer the spatial and temporal variability of PM2.5 in a cost-effective manner. Gravimetrically weighed filters represent multi-day averages of PM2.5, with a collocated nephelometer sampling air continuously. SPARTAN instruments are paired with AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sun photometers to better understand the relationship between ground-level PM2.5 and columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD). We have examined the chemical composition of PM2.5 at 12 globally dispersed, densely populated urban locations and a site at Mammoth Cave (US) National Park used as a background comparison. So far, each SPARTAN location has been active between the years 2013 and 2016 over periods of 2-26 months, with an average period of 12 months per site. These sites have collectively gathered over 10 years of quality aerosol data. The major PM2.5 constituents across all sites (relative contribution +/- SD) are ammoniated sulfate (20% +/- 11 %), crustal material (13.4% +/- 9.9 %), equivalent black carbon (11.9% +/- 8.4 %), ammonium nitrate (4.7% +/- 3.0 %), sea salt (2.3% +/- 1.6 %), trace element oxides (1.0% +/- 1.1 %), water (7.2% +/- 3.3 %) at 35% RH, and residual matter (40% +/- 24 %). Analysis of filter samples reveals that several PM2.5 chemical components varied by more than an order of magnitude between sites. Ammoniated sulfate ranges from 1.1 mu g m(-3) (Buenos Aires, Argentina) to 17 mu g m(-3) (Kanpur, India in the dry season). Ammonium nitrate ranged from 0.2 mu g m(-3) (Mammoth Cave, in summer) to 6.8 mu g m(-3) (Kanpur, dry season). Equivalent black carbon ranged from 0.7 mu g m(-3) (Mammoth Cave) to over 8 mu g m(-3) (Dhaka, Bangladesh and Kanpur, India). Comparison of SPARTAN vs. coincident measurements from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network at Mammoth Cave yielded a high degree of consistency for daily PM2.5 (r(2) = 0.76, slope = 1.12), daily sulfate (r(2) = 0.86, slope = 1.03), and mean fractions of all major PM2.5 components (within 6 %). Major ions generally agree well with previous studies at the same urban locations (e.g. sulfate fractions agree within 4% for 8 out of 11 collocation comparisons). Enhanced anthropogenic dust fractions in large urban areas (e.g. Singapore, Kanpur, Hanoi, and Dhaka) are apparent from high Zn : Al ratios. The expected water contribution to aerosols is calculated via the hygroscopicity parameter kappa(v) for each filter. Mean aggregate values ranged from 0.15 (Ilorin) to 0.28 (Rehovot). The all-site parameter mean is 0.20 +/- 0.04. Chemical composition and water retention in each filter measurement allows inference of hourly PM2.5 at 35% relative humidity by merging with nephelometer measurements. These hourly PM2.5 estimates compare favourably with a beta attenuation monitor (MetOne) at the nearby US embassy in Beijing, with a coefficient of variation r(2) = 0.67 (n = 3167), compared to r(2) = 0.62 when kappa(v) was not considered. SPARTAN continues to provide an open-access database of PM2.5 compositional filter information and hourly mass collected from a global federation of instruments. C1 [Snider, Graydon; Murdymootoo, Kalaivani K.; Ring, Amanda; Ritchie, Yvonne; Stone, Emily; Walsh, Ainsley; Martin, Randall V.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Weagle, Crystal L.; Martin, Randall V.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Chem, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Akoshile, Clement] Univ Ilorin, Dept Phys, Ilorin, Nigeria. [Nguyen Xuan Anh] Vietnam Acad Sci & Technol, Inst Geophys, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Singapore, Singapore. [Brook, Jeff] Univ Toronto, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Qonitan, Fatimah D.; Lestari, Puji] ITB, Fac Civil & Environm Engn, JL Ganesha 10, Bandung, Indonesia. [Dong, Jinlu; He, Kebin; Zhang, Qiang; Zhang, Yuxuan] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Griffith, Derek] Council Sci & Ind Res CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa. [Holben, Brent N.; Kahn, Ralph] NASA, Div Earth Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Lagrosas, Nofel] Ateneo Manila Univ, Manila Observ, Quezon City, Philippines. [Ma, Zongwei] Nanjing Univ, Sch Environm, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Misra, Amit; Tripathi, Sachchida] Indian Inst Technol Kanpur, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Norford, Leslie K.] MIT, Dept Architecture, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Quel, Eduardo J.] UNIDEF CITEDEF CONICET, Juan B de la Salle 4397 B1603ALO Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Salam, Abdus] Univ Dhaka, Dept Chem, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Schichtel, Bret] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Segev, Lior; Rudich, Yinon] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Rehovot, Israel. [Wang, Chien] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Yu, Chao; Liu, Yang] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Brauer, Michael] Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Cohen, Aaron] Hlth Effects Inst, 101 Fed St Suite 500, Boston, MA USA. [Gibson, Mark D.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Proc Engn & Appl Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Martins, J. Vanderlei] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MA USA. [Martins, J. Vanderlei] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MA USA. [Martin, Randall V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Snider, G; Martin, RV (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.; Martin, RV (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Chem, Halifax, NS, Canada.; Martin, RV (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM graydon.snider@dal.ca; randall.martin@dal.ca RI Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Tripathi, Sachchida/J-4840-2016; Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar/C-2243-2011 OI Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar/0000-0002-5627-3628 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; grant HIBAH WCU-ITB; National Academy of Sciences; USAID; Singapore National Research Foundation (NRF) through the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Center for Environmental Sensing and Modeling FX SPARTAN is an IGAC-endorsed activity (www.igacproject.org). The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada supported this work. We are grateful to many who have offered helpful comments and advice on the creation of this network including Jay Al-Saadi, Ross Anderson, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Len Barrie, Sundar Christopher, Matthew Cooper, Jim Crawford, Doug Dockery, Jill Engel-Cox, Greg Evans, Markus Fiebig, Allan Goldstein, Judy Guernsey, Ray Hoff, Rudy Husar, Mike Jerrett, Michaela Kendall, Rich Kleidman, Petros Koutrakis, Glynis Lough, Doreen Neil, John Ogren, Norm O'Neil, Jeff Pierce, Thomas Holzer-Popp, Ana Prados, Lorraine Remer, Sylvia Richardson, and Frank Speizer. Data collection in Rehovot was supported in part by the Environmental Health Fund (Israel) and the Weizmann Institute. Partial support for the ITB site was under the grant HIBAH WCU-ITB. The site at IIT Kanpur is supported in part by National Academy of Sciences and USAID. The views expressed here are of authors and do not necessarily reflect those of NAS or USAID. The Singapore site is supported by the Singapore National Research Foundation (NRF) through the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Center for Environmental Sensing and Modeling. NR 110 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 25 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 2 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 15 BP 9629 EP 9653 DI 10.5194/acp-16-9629-2016 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV3MG UT WOS:000382825800004 ER PT J AU Connor, BJ Sherlock, V Toon, G Wunch, D Wennberg, PO AF Connor, Brian J. Sherlock, Vanessa Toon, Geoff Wunch, Debra Wennberg, Paul O. TI GFIT2: an experimental algorithm for vertical profile retrieval from near-IR spectra SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID OZONE; CO2; STRATOSPHERE AB An algorithm for retrieval of vertical profiles from ground-based spectra in the near IR is described and tested. Known as GFIT2, the algorithm is primarily intended for CO2, and is used exclusively for CO2 in this paper. Retrieval of CO2 vertical profiles from ground-based spectra is theoretically possible, would be very beneficial for carbon cycle studies and the validation of satellite measurements, and has been the focus of much research in recent years. GFIT2 is tested by application both to synthetic spectra and to measurements at two Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) sites. We demonstrate that there are approximately 3 degrees of freedom for the CO2 profile, and the algorithm performs as expected on synthetic spectra. We show that the accuracy of retrievals of CO2 from measurements in the 1.61 mu (6220 cm(-1)) spectral band is limited by small uncertainties in calculation of the atmospheric spectrum. We investigate several techniques to minimize the effect of these uncertainties in calculation of the spectrum. These techniques are somewhat effective but to date have not been demonstrated to produce CO2 profile retrievals with sufficient precision for applications to carbon dynamics. We finish by discussing ongoing research which may allow CO2 profile retrievals with sufficient accuracy to significantly improve the scientific value of the measurements from that achieved with column retrievals. C1 [Connor, Brian J.] BC Consulting Ltd, Martinborough, New Zealand. [Sherlock, Vanessa] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Toon, Geoff] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Wunch, Debra; Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Connor, BJ (reprint author), BC Consulting Ltd, Martinborough, New Zealand. EM bcconsulting@xtra.co.nz FU NASA [OCO-2]; NASA's Carbon Cycle Science Investigation Program [NNX14AI60G] FX Part of this research was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. We thank NASA's Carbon Cycle Science Investigation Program for supporting the development of GFIT2 (NNX14AI60G). Operations of TCCON at Lamont, Oklahoma, are made possible by NASA's OCO-2 project in collaboration with the DOE ARM program. Cessna data from the SGP are available through the ARM archive (www.archive.arm.gov). We thank Sebastien Biraud for his assistance in interpreting the aircraft data. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD AUG 2 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 8 BP 3513 EP 3525 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3513-2016 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV3MP UT WOS:000382826900001 ER PT J AU Plainaki, C Lilensten, J Radioti, A Andriopoulou, M Milillo, A Nordheim, TA Dandouras, I Coustenis, A Grassi, D Mangano, V Massetti, S Orsini, S Lucchetti, A AF Plainaki, Christina Lilensten, Jean Radioti, Aikaterini Andriopoulou, Maria Milillo, Anna Nordheim, Tom A. Dandouras, Iannis Coustenis, Athena Grassi, Davide Mangano, Valeria Massetti, Stefano Orsini, Stefano Lucchetti, Alice TI Planetary space weather: scientific aspects and future perspectives SO JOURNAL OF SPACE WEATHER AND SPACE CLIMATE LA English DT Review DE Space weather; Planetary atmospheres; Planetary magnetospheres; Exospheres; Interactions; Comparative planetology; Future missions; JUICE; BEPI COLOMBO ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; NEUTRAL MASS-SPECTROMETER; MAIN AURORAL OVAL; SOLAR-WIND CONDITIONS; ICE GIANT PLANETS; MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE SYSTEM; MESSENGER ORBITAL OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION RATE; CARBON-DIOXIDE ATMOSPHERE; CASSINI UVIS OBSERVATIONS AB In this paper, we review the scientific aspects of planetary space weather at different regions of our Solar System, performing a comparative planetology analysis that includes a direct reference to the circum-terrestrial case. Through an interdisciplinary analysis of existing results based both on observational data and theoretical models, we review the nature of the interactions between the environment of a Solar System body other than the Earth and the impinging plasma/radiation, and we offer some considerations related to the planning of future space observations. We highlight the importance of such comparative studies for data interpretations in the context of future space missions (e.g. ESA JUICE; ESA/JAXA BEPI COLOMBO). Moreover, we discuss how the study of planetary space weather can provide feedback for better understanding the traditional circum-terrestrial space weather. Finally, a strategy for future global investigations related to this thematic is proposed. C1 [Plainaki, Christina; Milillo, Anna; Grassi, Davide; Mangano, Valeria; Massetti, Stefano; Orsini, Stefano] INAF IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Plainaki, Christina] Univ Athens, Nucl & Particle Phys Dept, Fac Phys, Athens 15784, Greece. [Lilensten, Jean] CNRS UGA, Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Radioti, Aikaterini] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Lab Phys Atmospher & Planetaire, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Andriopoulou, Maria] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. [Nordheim, Tom A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Dandouras, Iannis] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse, France. [Coustenis, Athena] Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LESIA,Observ Paris Meudon, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Lucchetti, Alice] Univ Padua, CISAS, Via Venezia 15, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Plainaki, C (reprint author), INAF IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy.; Plainaki, C (reprint author), Univ Athens, Nucl & Particle Phys Dept, Fac Phys, Athens 15784, Greece. EM christina.plainaki@iaps.inaf.it FU Italian Space Agency (ASI) under contract "SERENA" [I/090/06/0]; European contract EUROPLANET Horizon research and innovation programme [654208]; French Programme National de Planetologie; PRODEX Programme; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office FX The authors would like to thank the referee for valuable comments that helped to improve the quality of the paper. This paper is financially supported by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) under contract "SERENA", No. I/090/06/0. The idea for writing this article came out after a series of discussions in the context of the 11th European Space Weather Week (2014). JL's contribution is under the European contract EUROPLANET Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 654208, Task 4, package 7: VA1-PSWD (Planetary Space Weather and Diary) and under grant by the French Programme National de Planetologie. AR is supported by the PRODEX Programme managed by the European Space Agency in collaboration with the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office. Discussions in this paper have been partially performed in the context of the activities of the 2014 ISSI International Team #322, Towards a global unified model of Europa's exosphere in view of the JUICE mission, http://www.issibern.ch/teams/exospherejuice/. Simulation results based on the WSA-ENLIL+Cone model have been provided by the Community Coordinated Modeling Center at Goddard Space Flight Center through their public Runs on Request system (http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov; run number: Alexey_-Isavnin_011316_SH_1). The WSA model was developed by N. Arge at AFRL and the ENLIL Model was developed by D. Odstrcil at GMU. The authors thank G. Gronoff (LARC - NASA) and David Pawlowski (East Michigan University) for their help in getting the data for the Mars upper atmosphere, Mathieu Barthelemy (Grenoble University Space Center, France) for helpful discussions concerning space weather applications, Sergio Fabiani (INFN, Italy) and Alda Rubini (INAF-IAPS, Italy) for discussions on technological issues regarding future space missions, and Leila Mays (NASA) for providing material based on the WSA-ENLIL+Cone simulations. The authors also thank Chris Arridge (Lancaster University, UK) and Fran Bagenal (University of Colorado, USA) for useful feedback considering the magnetosphere of Uranus, Alessandro Mura (INAF-IAPS, Italy) and Helen Mavromichalaki (National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece) for fruitful discussions on interplanetary physics and circum-terrestrial space weather, and Panayiotis Lavvas (CNRS, France) for providing feedback related to Titan atmospheric science. The editor thanks an anonymous referee for the assistance in evaluating this paper. NR 566 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 18 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2115-7251 J9 J SPACE WEATHER SPAC JI J. Space Weather Space Clim. PD AUG 2 PY 2016 VL 6 AR A31 DI 10.1051/swsc/2016024 PG 56 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS4RT UT WOS:000380769500001 ER PT J AU Battaglia, N Leauthaud, A Miyatake, H Hasselfield, M Grallad, MB Allison, R Bond, JR Calabrese, E Crichton, D Devlin, MJ Dunkley, J Dunner, R Erben, T Ferrara, S Halpern, M Hilton, M Hill, JC Hincks, AD Hlozek, R Huffenberger, KM Hughes, JP Kneib, JP Kosowsky, A Makler, M Marriage, TA Menanteaus, F Miller, L Moodley, K Moraesv, B Niemack, MD Page, L Shan, H Sehgal, N Sherwin, BD Sievers, JL Sifon, C Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Taylor, JE Thornton, R van Waerbekek, L Wollackag, EJ AF Battaglia, N. Leauthaud, A. Miyatake, H. Hasselfield, M. Grallad, M. B. Allison, R. Bond, J. R. Calabrese, E. Crichton, D. Devlin, M. J. Dunkley, J. Duenner, R. Erben, T. Ferrara, S. Halpern, M. Hilton, M. Hill, J. C. Hincks, A. D. Hlozek, R. Huffenberger, K. M. Hughes, J. P. Kneib, J. P. Kosowsky, A. Makler, M. Marriage, T. A. Menanteaus, F. Miller, L. Moodley, K. Moraesv, B. Niemack, M. D. Page, L. Shan, H. Sehgal, N. Sherwin, B. D. Sievers, J. L. Sifon, C. Spergel, D. N. Staggs, S. T. Taylor, J. E. Thornton, R. van Waerbekek, L. Wollackag, E. J. TI Weak-lensing mass calibration of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope equatorial Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster sample with the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope stripe 82 survey SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxy clusters; gravitational lensing; Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GALAXY SHAPE MEASUREMENT; SZ SCALING RELATIONS; DARK-MATTER HALOES; II. X-RAY; INTRINSIC ALIGNMENTS; CROSS-CORRELATION; POWER SPECTRUM; COSMIC SHEAR AB Mass calibration uncertainty is the largest systematic effect for using clusters of galaxies to constrain cosmological parameters. We present weak lensing mass measurements from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Stripe 82 Survey for galaxy clusters selected through their high signal-to-noise thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) signal measured with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). For a sample of 9 ACT clusters with a tSZ signal-to-noise greater than five the average weak lensing mass is (4.8 +/- 0.8) x 10(14) M-circle dot, consistent with the tSZ mass estimate of (4.70 +/- 1.0) x 10(14) M-circle dot which assumes a universal pressure profile for the cluster gas. Our results are consistent with previous weak-lensing measurements of tSZ-detected clusters from the Planck satellite. When comparing our results, we estimate the Eddington bias correction for the sample intersection of Planck and weak-lensing clusters which was previously excluded. C1 [Battaglia, N.; Miyatake, H.; Hasselfield, M.; Calabrese, E.; Ferrara, S.; Hlozek, R.; Sherwin, B. D.; Spergel, D. N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Leauthaud, A.; Miyatake, H.] Univ Tokyo, UTIAS, Kavli IPMU WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Miyatake, H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Grallad, M. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Grallad, M. B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Allison, R.; Calabrese, E.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Bond, J. R.] Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M55 3H8, Canada. [Devlin, M. J.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Duenner, R.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago, Chile. [Erben, T.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Halpern, M.; Hincks, A. D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Hilton, M.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Hill, J. C.] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Huffenberger, K. M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Hughes, J. P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Kneib, J. P.] EPFL, Observ Sauverny, Astrophys Lab, CH-1290 Versoix, France. [Kosowsky, A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Makler, M.] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fsicas, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Menanteaus, F.] Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Menanteaus, F.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Miller, L.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Moraesv, B.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Moraesv, B.] Minist Educ Brazil, CAPES Fdn, BR-70040020 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Niemack, M. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Page, L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Shan, H.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Observ Sauverny, Lab Astrophys LASTRO, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Sehgal, N.] Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Sherwin, B. D.] Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sherwin, B. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sievers, J. L.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Chem & Phys, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Staggs, S. T.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Taylor, J. E.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [van Waerbekek, L.] West Chester Univ Penn, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Wollackag, E. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Battaglia, N (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM nbatta@astro.princeton.edu OI Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; Sifon, Cristobal/0000-0002-8149-1352 FU World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative), MEXT, Japan; U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, AST-0965625, PHY-0855887, PHY-1214379]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT); CFI; NSERC, Ontario; ORF-RE; U of T deans; Laboratorio Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia (LIneA); Lyman Spitzer Fellowship; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Simons Foundation; NSF [AST-1311756, AST-1312380]; NASA [NNX12AG72G]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Transregional Collaborative Research Centre TR33]; Marie-Curie International Incoming Fellowship [FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF/327561]; NSFC of China [11103011]; CAPES Foundation [12174-13-0] FX This work is supported by World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative), MEXT, Japan. The ACT project is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698 and AST-0965625, as well as awards PHY-0855887 and PHY-1214379. ACT funding was also provided by Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and a Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to UBC. ACT operates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT). Simulations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium and CITA's Sunnyvale high-performance computing clusters. SCINET is funded and supported by CFI, NSERC, Ontario, ORF-RE and U of T deans. We thank the CFHTLenS team for their pipeline development and verification upon which much of the CS82 survey pipeline was built. This work was based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of CFHT and CEA/DAPNIA, at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Science de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. The Brazilian partnership on CFHT is managed by the Laboratorio Nacional de Astrofisica (LNA). We thank the support of the Laboratorio Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia (LIneA). NB and RH acknowledge support from the Lyman Spitzer Fellowship. HM is supported in part by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Research Fellowships for Young Scientists and by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. JCH is partially supported by a Junior Fellow award from the Simons Foundation. JCH and DNS acknowledge support from NSF AST-1311756. DNS acknowledges the support of NASA grant NNX12AG72G. AK acknowledges the support of NSF AST-1312380. TE is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre TR33 - The Dark Universe. HS acknowledges the support from Marie-Curie International Incoming Fellowship (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF/327561) and NSFC of China under grants 11103011. BM acknowledges financial support from the CAPES Foundation grant 12174-13-0. We thank J. G. Bartlett and G. Rocha for their helpful discussions on the Planck SZ source catalog and B. Partridge for helpful comments on the paper. We thank M. Simet, E. Rozo, and R. Mandelbaum for access to their data that assisted us in responding to the referee report and our anonymous referee for their insightful comments. NR 105 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD AUG PY 2016 IS 8 AR 013 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2016/08/013 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA EE8EW UT WOS:000389859100005 ER PT J AU Dev, PSB Kazanas, D Mohapatra, RN Teplitz, VL Zhang, YC AF Dev, P. S. Bhupal Kazanas, D. Mohapatra, R. N. Teplitz, V. L. Zhang, Yongchao TI Heavy right-handed neutrino dark matter and PeV neutrinos at IceCube SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark matter theory; gamma ray theory; neutrino theory; ultra high energy photons and neutrinos ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; STRONG CP PROBLEM; GAUGE-MODELS; B-L; MASSES; PARITY; QUARK; PHENOMENOLOGY; OSCILLATIONS AB We discuss a simple non-supersymmetric model based on the electroweak gauge group SU(2)(L) x SU(2)' x U(1)(B-L) where the lightest of the right-handed neutrinos, which are part of the leptonic doublet of SU(2)', play the role of a long-lived unstable dark matter with mass in the multi-PeV range. We use a resonant s-channel annihilation to obtain the correct thermal relic density and relax the unitarity bound on dark matter mass. In this model, there exists a 3-body dark matter decay mode producing tau leptons and neutrinos, which could be the source for the PeV cascade events observed in the IceCube experiment. The model can be tested with more precise flavor information of the highest-energy neutrino events in future data. C1 [Dev, P. S. Bhupal] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Kazanas, D.; Teplitz, V. L.] NASA, Astrophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mohapatra, R. N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Maryland Ctr Fundamental Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Teplitz, V. L.] Southern Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75205 USA. [Zhang, Yongchao] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Phys Theor, Blvd Triomphe,CP225, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Zhang, Yongchao] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Dev, PSB (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM bhupal.dev@mpi-hd.mpg.de; demos.kazanas-1@nasa.gov; rmohapat@umd.edu; vigdor.l.teplitz@nasa.gov; yongchao.zhang@ulb.ac.be OI Dev, Bhupal/0000-0003-4655-2866 FU DFG [RO 2516/5-1]; US National Science Foundation [PHY-1315155]; HSN; Belgian Science Policy [IAP VII/37]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [11375277]; Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics (MITP); Munich Institute for Astro- and Particle Physics (MIAPP) FX B.D. is grateful to Pasquale Di Bari and Stefano Morisi for useful discussions on PeV DM at IceCube, and to the Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics (MITP) and Munich Institute for Astro- and Particle Physics (MIAPP) for their hospitality and partial support during the completion of this work. Y.Z. would like to thank Julian Heeck for the enlightening discussions, and also Hong-Hao Zhang for his gracious hospitality during the visit at Sun Yat-Sen University where part of the work was done. The work of B.D. is supported by the DFG grant RO 2516/5-1. The work of R.N.M. is supported by the US National Science Foundation Grant No. PHY-1315155. Y.Z. would like to thank the HSN and Belgian Science Policy (IAP VII/37) for support. Y.Z. is also grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant No. 11375277 for financial support. NR 104 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD AUG PY 2016 IS 8 AR 034 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2016/08/034 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA EE8EW UT WOS:000389859100021 ER PT J AU Macdonald, RL Munafo, A Johnston, CO Panesi, M AF Macdonald, R. L. Munafo, A. Johnston, C. O. Panesi, M. TI Nonequilibrium radiation and dissociation of CO molecules in shock-heated flows SO PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-KINETIC PROBLEMS; FUTURE NASA MISSIONS; II FLIGHT EXPERIMENT; RATE CONSTANTS; GAS-DYNAMICS; MARS ENTRY; MODEL; MIXTURE; WAVE; AIR AB This work addresses the study of the behavior of the excited electronic states of CO molecules in the nonequilibrium relaxation zone behind a normal shock for a CO2-N-2 mixture representative of the Mars atmosphere. The hybrid state-to-state (StS) model developed accounts for thermal nonequilibrium between the translational energy mode of the gas and the vibrational energy mode of individual molecules. The electronic states of CO molecules are treated as separate species, allowing for non-Boltzmann distributions of their populations. The StS model is coupled with a nonequilibrium radiation solver, HPC-RAD, allowing for the calculation of the radiation signature from the molecular and atomic species in the gas. This study focuses on the radiation from the fourth positive system of CO, which dominates the radiation heating on the forebody for higher speed Mars entry applications. In the rapidly dissociating regime behind strong shock waves, the population of the ground electronic state of CO [CO(X-1 Sigma)], departs from Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions, owing to the efficient collisional excitation to the electronically excited CO(A(1) Pi) state. In general the assumption of the equilibrium between electronic and vibration fails when the excitation of electronic states is driven by heavy particles. The comparison of the radiation heating predictions obtained using the conventional quasi-steady-state (QSS) approach and the physics-based StS approach revealed differences in radiative heating predictions of up to 50%. These results demonstrate that the choice of nonequilibrium model can have a significant impact on radiative heating simulations, and more importantly, they cast serious doubts on the validity of the QSS assumption for the condition of interest to this work. C1 [Macdonald, R. L.; Munafo, A.; Panesi, M.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Johnston, C. O.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Panesi, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mpanesi@illinois.edu FU NASA Entry System Modeling Project in the Space Technology Mission Directory; NASA Ames Research Center [NNX14AB67A] FX Support from the NASA Entry System Modeling Project in the Space Technology Mission Directory is gratefully acknowledged. Program Managers are Dr. M. Wright and Dr. M. Barnhardt at NASA Ames Research Center, under Grant No. NNX14AB67A. The authors would like to thank the NASA Ames quantum computational chemistry group (in particular Dr. D. W. Schwenke and Dr. R. L. Jaffe) for sharing the Hyper-rad database. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-990X J9 PHYS REV FLUIDS JI Phys. Rev. Fluids PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 1 IS 4 AR 043401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.1.043401 PG 20 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA EF3FB UT WOS:000390209000001 ER PT J AU Bryson, KL Ostrowski, DR AF Bryson, K. L. Ostrowski, D. R. TI METEORITE FRACTURES AND SCALING FOR ASTEROID ATMOSPHERIC ENTRY. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Bryson, K. L.; Ostrowski, D. R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bryson, K. L.; Ostrowski, D. R.] Ames Res Ctr, BAER Inst, Moffett Field, CA USA. EM kathryn.bryson@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A185 EP A185 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400043 ER PT J AU Buchner, E Schmieder, M AF Buchner, E. Schmieder, M. TI DISCOVERY OF POSSIBLE METEORITIC MATTER ON SHATTER CONES AND SLICKENSIDES-1. RIES CRATER, SOUTHERN GERMANY. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Buchner, E.] Neu Ulm Univ Appl Sci, HNU, Wileystr 1, D-89231 Neu Ulm, Germany. [Buchner, E.] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Mineral & Kristallchem, Azenberstr 18, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. [Schmieder, M.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Schmieder, M.] NASA, SSERVI, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM elmar.buchner@hs-neu-ulm.de NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A187 EP A187 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400045 ER PT J AU Buchner, E Schmieder, M AF Buchner, E. Schmieder, M. TI DISCOVERY OF POSSIBLE METEORITIC MATTER ON SHATTER CONES-2. CLEARWATER EAST IMPACT STRUCTURE, QUEBEC, CANADA. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc ID MELT C1 [Buchner, E.] Neu Ulm Univ Appl Sci, HNU, Wileystr 1, D-89231 Neu Ulm, Germany. [Buchner, E.] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Mineral & Kristallchem, Azenberstr 18, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. [Schmieder, M.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Schmieder, M.] NASA, SSERVI, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM elmar.buchner@hs-neu-ulm.de NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A186 EP A186 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400044 ER PT J AU Bussey, DBJ Worms, JC Schlutz, J Spiero, F AF Bussey, D. B. J. Worms, J. C. Schlutz, J. Spiero, F. TI THE ISECG SCIENCE WHITE PAPER: SCIENCE ENABLED BY HUMAN EXPLORATION SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Bussey, D. B. J.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Worms, J. C.] European Sci Fdn, Strasbourg, France. [Schlutz, J.] DLR, Cologne, Germany. [Spiero, F.] CNES, Paris, France. EM ben.bussey@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A191 EP A191 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400049 ER PT J AU Chan, QHS Nakato, A Zolensky, ME Nakamura, T Kebukawa, Y AF Chan, Q. H. S. Nakato, A. Zolensky, M. E. Nakamura, T. Kebukawa, Y. TI EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM THERMAL ALTERATION ON ORGANIC MATTER IN EXPERIMENTALLY-HEATED TAGISH LAKE OBSERVED BY RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc ID CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; CM-CHONDRITES; METAMORPHISM C1 [Chan, Q. H. S.; Zolensky, M. E.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Nakato, A.] JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Nakamura, T.] Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Kebukawa, Y.] Yokohama Natl Univ, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. EM hschan@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A200 EP A200 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400058 ER PT J AU Demasi, M Britt, DT Kring, DA AF Demasi, M. Britt, D. T. Kring, D. A. TI WHAT DO METEORITE FALLS TELL US ABOUT THE STRENGTH OF ASTEROID BOULDERS? SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Demasi, M.; Britt, D. T.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, 4111 Libra Dr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Demasi, M.; Britt, D. T.] Ctr Lunar & Asteroid Surface Sci, 12354 Res Pkwy Suite 214, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Demasi, M.; Britt, D. T.; Kring, D. A.] NASA, SSERVI, Orlando, FL USA. [Kring, D. A.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM hovtej@knights.ucf.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A225 EP A225 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400083 ER PT J AU Flynn, GJ Keller, LP Wirick, S Hu, W Li, L Yan, H Huang, X Nazaretski, E Lauer, K Chu, YS AF Flynn, G. J. Keller, L. P. Wirick, S. Hu, W. Li, L. Yan, H. Huang, X. Nazaretski, E. Lauer, K. Chu, Y. S. TI HIGH-NICKEL IRON-SULFIDES IN ANHYDROUS, GEMS-RICH CP IDPs. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Flynn, G. J.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, 101 Broad St, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Keller, L. P.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Wirick, S.] Focused Beam Enterprises, Westhampton, NY 11977 USA. [Hu, W.; Li, L.; Yan, H.; Huang, X.; Nazaretski, E.; Lauer, K.; Chu, Y. S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM george.flynn@plattsburgh.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A258 EP A258 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400116 ER PT J AU Fries, M Abell, P Brisset, J Britt, D Colwell, J Durda, D Dove, A Graham, L Hartzell, C John, K Leonard, M Love, S Sdfnchez, DP Scheeres, DJ AF Fries, M. Abell, P. Brisset, J. Britt, D. Colwell, J. Durda, D. Dove, A. Graham, L. Hartzell, C. John, K. Leonard, M. Love, S. Sdfnchez, D. P. Scheeres, D. J. TI THE STRATA-1 EXPERIMENT ON MICROGRAVITY REGOLITH SEGREGATION. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Fries, M.; Abell, P.; Graham, L.; John, K.] NASA, ARES, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Brisset, J.; Britt, D.; Colwell, J.; Dove, A.] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Brisset, J.; Britt, D.; Colwell, J.; Dove, A.] NASA, SSERVI, Orlando, FL USA. [Durda, D.] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Hartzell, C.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Leonard, M.] T STAR, Bryan, TX USA. [Love, S.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Sdfnchez, D. P.; Scheeres, D. J.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA. EM marc.d.fries@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A265 EP A265 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400123 ER PT J AU Fries, M Fries, J Hankey, M Matson, R AF Fries, Marc Fries, Jeffrey Hankey, Mike Matson, Robert TI METEORITE FALLS OBSERVED IN US WEATHER RADAR DATA IN 2015 AND 2016 (TO DATE) SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Fries, Marc] NASA, ARES, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Fries, Jeffrey] USAF Weather Agcy, Weather Grp 1, Offutt AFB, NE 68113 USA. [Hankey, Mike] Amer Meteor Soc, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. [Matson, Robert] Leidos Inc, 3030 Old Ranch Pkwy,Ste 200, Seal Beach, CA 90740 USA. EM marc.d.fries@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A266 EP A266 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400124 ER PT J AU Fu, RR Ermakov, AI Marchi, S Castillo-Rogez, JC Raymond, CA King, SD Bland, MT Russell, CT AF Fu, R. R. Ermakov, A. I. Marchi, S. Castillo-Rogez, J. C. Raymond, Carol A. King, Scott D. Bland, Michael T. Russell, Christopher T. TI THERMAL EVOLUTION AND FLUID FLOW IN PLANETESIMALS INFERRED FROM DAWN MISSION OBSERVATIONS OF CERES SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc ID CHONDRITE PARENT BODIES; WATER C1 [Fu, R. R.] Columbia Univ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Fu, R. R.; Ermakov, A. I.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Marchi, S.] Southwest Res Ins, 1050 Walnut St, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Castillo-Rogez, J. C.; Raymond, Carol A.; Russell, Christopher T.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [King, Scott D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Bland, Michael T.] USGS Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM rf2006@ldeo.columbia.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A268 EP A268 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400126 ER PT J AU Funk, RC Peslier, AH Brandon, AD Humayun, M AF Funk, R. C. Peslier, A. H. Brandon, A. D. Humayun, M. TI PETROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF NEW PAIRED MARTIAN METEORITES LARKMAN NUNATAK 12240 AND LARKMAN NUNATAK 12095. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc ID OXYGEN FUGACITY; UPPER-MANTLE; SHERGOTTITES; BASALTS; MARS; PETROGENESIS; ELEMENT; STATE; CRUST C1 [Funk, R. C.] NASA, GeoControl JETS, Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code X12, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Peslier, A. H.] NASA, Jacobs, JSC, Mail Code X13, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Brandon, A. D.] Univ Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Humayun, M.] Florida State Univ, 1800 E Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM rachel.c.funk@nasa.gov; anne.h.peslier@nasa.gov; abrandon@uh.edu; humavun@magnet.fsu.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A274 EP A274 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400132 ER PT J AU Gellert, R Arvidson, RE Clark, BC Ming, DW Mittlefehldt, DW Morris, RW Squyres, SW VanBommel, S Yen, AS AF Gellert, R. Arvidson, R. E. Clark, B. C. Ming, D. W. Mittlefehldt, D. W. Morris, R. W. Squyres, S. W. VanBommel, S. Yen, A. S. TI Igneous and sedimentary compositions from four landing sites on Mars from the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Gellert, R.; VanBommel, S.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Arvidson, R. E.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Clark, B. C.] Space Sci Inst, Bolder, CA USA. [Ming, D. W.; Mittlefehldt, D. W.; Morris, R. W.] JSC, ARES, Houston, TX USA. [Squyres, S. W.] Cornell, Ithaca, NY USA. [Yen, A. S.] JPL, Pasadena, CA USA. EM rgellert@uoguelph.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A280 EP A280 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400138 ER PT J AU Hagiya, K Ohsumi, K Komatsu, M Mikouchi, T Zolensky, ME Hirata, A Yamaguchi, S Kurokawa, A AF Hagiya, K. Ohsumi, K. Komatsu, M. Mikouchi, T. Zolensky, M. E. Hirata, A. Yamaguchi, S. Kurokawa, A. TI CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF ITOKAWA PARTICLE, RA-QD02-0127 BY USING ENERGY-SCANNING X-RAY DIFFRACTION METHOD WITH SYNCHROTRON RADIATION. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Hagiya, K.; Hirata, A.; Yamaguchi, S.; Kurokawa, A.] Univ Hyogo, Sch Sci, Kamigori, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. [Ohsumi, K.] JASRI, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. [Komatsu, M.] Graduate Univ Adv Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Kanagawa 2400193, Japan. [Komatsu, M.] Waseda Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Mikouchi, T.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Zolensky, M. E.] NASA, XI2, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM hagiya@sci.u-hyogo.ac.jp NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A307 EP A307 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400165 ER PT J AU Han, J Keller, LP Danielson, LR AF Han, J. Keller, L. P. Danielson, L. R. TI EXPERIMENTAL INSIGHTS INTO THE ORIGIN OF DEFECT-STRUCTURED HIBONITES FOUND IN METEORITES. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Han, J.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Han, J.; Keller, L. P.] NASA JSC, ARES, Code X13, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Danielson, L. R.] NASA JSC, Jacobs JETS, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM jangmi.han@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A311 EP A311 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400169 ER PT J AU Hartmann, WK Daubar, I AF Hartmann, W. K. Daubar, I. TI UTILIZING SMALL IMPACT CRATERS TO CLARIFY THE HISTORY OF MARTIAN SURFACES SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Hartmann, W. K.] Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell Rd,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Daubar, I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM hartmann@psi.edu; Ingrid.Daubar@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A315 EP A315 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400173 ER PT J AU Kebukawa, Y Ito, M Zolensky, ME Rahman, Z Kilcoyne, ALD Nakato, A Takeichi, Y Suga, H Miyamoto, C Mase, K Takahashi, Y Chan, Q Fries, M AF Kebukawa, Y. Ito, M. Zolensky, M. E. Rahman, Z. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. Nakato, A. Takeichi, Y. Suga, H. Miyamoto, C. Mase, K. Takahashi, Y. Chan, Q. Fries, M. TI ORGANIC AGGREGATES WITH delta D AND delta N-15 ANOMALIES IN THE ZAG CLAST REVEALED BY STXM AND NANOSIMS SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Kebukawa, Y.] Yokohama Natl Univ, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Ito, M.] JAMSTEC, Kochi Inst Core Sample Res, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. [Rahman, Z.] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Jacobs, Houston, TX USA. [Kilcoyne, A. L. D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Lawrence, KS USA. [Nakato, A.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Takeichi, Y.; Mase, K.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Suga, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Syst Sci, Hiroshima 730, Japan. [Miyamoto, C.; Takahashi, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. EM kebukawa@ynu.ac.jp RI Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A366 EP A366 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400224 ER PT J AU Keller, LP Snead, C McKeegan, KD AF Keller, L. P. Snead, C. McKeegan, K. D. TI COORDINATED ANALYSES OF HYDRATED INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES: SAMPLES OF PRIMITIVE SOLAR SYSTEM BODIES SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc ID CHONDRITES; SILICATE C1 [Keller, L. P.] NASA JSC, ARES, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Snead, C.; McKeegan, K. D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM Lindsay.P.Keller@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A367 EP A367 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400225 ER PT J AU Kohnert, F Otto, KA Jaumann, R Krohn, K Kersten, E Preusker, F Roatsch, T Raymond, CA Russell, CT AF Kohnert, Frauke Otto, Katharina A. Jaumann, Ralf Krohn, Katrin Kersten, E. Preusker, F. Roatsch, T. Raymond, C. A. Russell, C. T. TI Mobility of Landslides on Asteroid Vesta SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Kohnert, Frauke; Otto, Katharina A.; Jaumann, Ralf; Krohn, Katrin; Kersten, E.; Preusker, F.; Roatsch, T.] German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Planetary Res, Berlin, Germany. [Kohnert, Frauke] Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Germany. [Jaumann, Ralf] Free Univ Berlin, Planetary Sci & Remote Sensing, Berlin, Germany. [Raymond, C. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys, Los Angeles, CA USA. EM frauke.kohnert@dlr.de NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A379 EP A379 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400237 ER PT J AU Krohn, K Jaumann, R Otto, KA von der Gathen, I Matz, KD Buczkowski, DL Williams, DA Pieters, CM Preusker, F Roatsch, T Stephan, K Wagner, RJ Russell, CT Raymond, CA AF Krohn, K. Jaumann, R. Otto, K. A. von der Gathen, I. Matz, K. -D. Buczkowski, D. L. Williams, D. A. Pieters, C. M. Preusker, F. Roatsch, T. Stephan, K. Wagner, R. J. Russell, C. T. Raymond, C. A. TI Cryogenic Flows on Ceres SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Krohn, K.; Jaumann, R.; Otto, K. A.; von der Gathen, I.; Matz, K. -D.; Preusker, F.; Roatsch, T.; Stephan, K.; Wagner, R. J.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, Berlin, Germany. [Buczkowski, D. L.] JHU APL, Laurel, MD USA. [Williams, D. A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Pieters, C. M.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Raymond, C. A.] CALTECH, NASA JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Katrin.Krohn@dlr.de NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A391 EP A391 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400249 ER PT J AU Liu, MC Keller, LP McKeegan, KD AF Liu, M. -C. Keller, L. P. McKeegan, K. D. TI MAGNESIUM AND TITANIUM ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS OF AN UNUSUAL HIBONITE-PEROVSKITE REFRACTORY INCLUSION FROM ALLENDE: IT IS FUN. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Liu, M. -C.; McKeegan, K. D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Keller, L. P.] NASA, JSC, ARES, Robert M Walker Lab Space Sci, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM mcliu@ucla.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A417 EP A417 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400275 ER PT J AU Marhas, KK Messenger, S Amari, S AF Marhas, K. K. Messenger, S. Amari, S. TI Cr ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION FROM MAINSTREAM AND X TYPE PRESOLAR SiC GRAINS SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc ID SOLAR-SYSTEM; CHROMIUM; ORGUEIL C1 [Marhas, K. K.] Phys Res Lab, Planetary Sci Div, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. [Messenger, S.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, ARES Div, Ctr Isotope Cosmochem & Geochronol, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Amari, S.] Washington Univ, Lab Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Amari, S.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM kkmarhas@prl.res.in NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A445 EP A445 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400303 ER PT J AU McCubbin, FM Mccoy, TJ AF McCubbin, F. M. Mccoy, T. J. TI EXPECTED GEOCHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL PROPERTIES OF METEORITES FROM MERCURY: INFERENCES FROM MESSENGER DATA SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc ID RAY SPECTROMETER; SURFACE C1 [McCubbin, F. M.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code X12,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Mccoy, T. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A451 EP A451 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400309 ER PT J AU Miller, KE Lauretta, DS Berger, EL Thompson, MS Zega, TJ AF Miller, K. E. Lauretta, D. S. Berger, E. L. Thompson, M. S. Zega, T. J. TI COPPER SULFIDES IN THE R CHONDRITES: EVIDENCE OF HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION IN LOW PETROLOGIC TYPES SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc ID TEMPERATURES; CUBANITE C1 [Miller, K. E.; Lauretta, D. S.; Thompson, M. S.; Zega, T. J.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Berger, E. L.] NASA, GeoControl Syst Inc, Jacobs JETS, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM kemiller@lpl.arizona.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A463 EP A463 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400321 ER PT J AU Mittlefehldt, DW Peng, ZX Mertzman, SA AF Mittlefehldt, D. W. Peng, Z. X. Mertzman, S. A. TI COMPOSITIONS OF NORMAL AND ANOMALOUS EUCRITE-TYPE MAFIC ACHONDRITES SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Mittlefehldt, D. W.] NASA, Astromat Res Off, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Peng, Z. X.] NASA, Jacobs Technol, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Mertzman, S. A.] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Earth & Environm Dept, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. EM david.w.mittlefehldt@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A465 EP A465 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400323 ER PT J AU Nuth, JA Johnson, NM Ferguson, FT AF Nuth, Joseph A., III Johnson, Natasha M. Ferguson, Frank T. TI CAN SURFACE MEDIATED REACTIONS OF CO AND HYDROGEN ENHANCE COAGULATION IN THE INNERMOST REGIONS OF THE SOLAR NEBULA? SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc ID SPHERES C1 [Nuth, Joseph A., III] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Code 690, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Johnson, Natasha M.; Ferguson, Frank T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ferguson, Frank T.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM joseph.a.nuth@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A490 EP A490 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400348 ER PT J AU Ostrowski, DR Bryson, KL AF Ostrowski, D. R. Bryson, K. L. TI PHYSICAL PROPERTY COMPARISON OF ORDINARY CHONDRITE CLASSES. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Ostrowski, D. R.; Bryson, K. L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Ostrowski, D. R.; Bryson, K. L.] BAER Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. EM daniel.r.ostrowski@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A499 EP A499 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400357 ER PT J AU Ott, U Baecker, B Trieloff, M Cordier, C Folco, L AF Ott, U. Baecker, B. Trieloff, M. Cordier, C. Folco, L. TI NOBLE GAS INVENTORY OF TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAIN MICROMETEORITES: INSIGHTS INTO THEIR PROVENANCE. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; NITROGEN; EARTH; WATER C1 [Ott, U.] Univ West Hungary, Szombathely, Hungary. [Ott, U.; Baecker, B.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. [Ott, U.; Baecker, B.; Trieloff, M.] Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg, Germany. [Baecker, B.] NASA, Marshall SFC, Huntsville, AL USA. [Cordier, C.; Folco, L.] Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Cordier, C.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A500 EP A500 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400358 ER PT J AU Otto, KA Jaumann, R Krohn, K Buczkowski, DL von der Gathen, I Kersten, E Mest, SC Nass, A Neesemann, A Preusker, F Roatsch, T Schroder, SE Schulzeck, F Scully, JEC Stephan, K Wagner, R Williams, DA Raymond, CA Russell, CT AF Otto, K. A. Jaumann, R. Krohn, K. Buczkowski, D. L. von der Gathen, I. Kersten, E. Mest, S. C. Nass, A. Neesemann, A. Preusker, F. Roatsch, T. Schroder, S. E. Schulzeck, F. Scully, J. E. C. Stephan, K. Wagner, R. Williams, D. A. Raymond, C. A. Russell, C. T. TI Polygonal Impact Craters on Ceres: Morphology and Distribution. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Otto, K. A.; Jaumann, R.; Krohn, K.; von der Gathen, I.; Kersten, E.; Nass, A.; Preusker, F.; Roatsch, T.; Schroder, S. E.; Schulzeck, F.; Stephan, K.; Wagner, R.] German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Planetary Res, Berlin, Germany. [Jaumann, R.; Neesemann, A.] Free Univ Berlin, Planetary Sci & Remote Sensing, Berlin, Germany. [Buczkowski, D. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Mest, S. C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Scully, J. E. C.; Raymond, C. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Williams, D. A.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif LA, Inst Geophys, Los Angeles, CA USA. EM katharina.otto@dlr.de NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A501 EP A501 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400359 ER PT J AU Pantazidis, A Baziotis, I Manoutsoglou, E Solomonidou, A Schwandner, F Economou, G Palles, D Kamitsos, E Koukouzas, N Keklikoglou, N Arvanitidis, C Martinez-Frias, J Asimow, PD AF Pantazidis, A. Baziotis, I. Manoutsoglou, E. Solomonidou, A. Schwandner, F. Economou, G. Palles, D. Kamitsos, E. Koukouzas, N. Keklikoglou, N. Arvanitidis, C. Martinez-Frias, J. Asimow, P. D. TI BASALTS FROM SANTORINI VOLCANO: A NEW CANDIDATE MARTIAN ANALOGUE SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Pantazidis, A.; Baziotis, I.] Agr Univ Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece. [Pantazidis, A.; Manoutsoglou, E.] Tech Univ Crete, Khania, Greece. [Solomonidou, A.; Schwandner, F.] Jet Prop Lab, La Canada Flintridge, CA USA. [Economou, G.] Inst Geol & Mineral Explorat, Athens, Greece. [Palles, D.; Kamitsos, E.] Natl Hellen Res Fdn, Athens, Greece. [Koukouzas, N.] Natl Ctr Res & Technol, Athens, Greece. [Keklikoglou, N.; Arvanitidis, C.] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Iraklion, NE, Greece. [Martinez-Frias, J.] Inst Geociencias CSIC UCM, Madrid, Spain. [Asimow, P. D.] Calif Intitute Technol, Pasadena, CA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A506 EP A506 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400364 ER PT J AU Rao, MN Sutton, SR Hoppe, P Nyquist, LE Ross, DK Shih, C AF Rao, M. N. Sutton, S. R. Hoppe, P. Nyquist, L. E. Ross, D. K. Shih, C. TI EVIDENCE FOR PRECURSOR SULFATES, CHROMATES AND VANADATES OF MARTIAN REGOLITH LINEAGE IN IMPACT GLASSES IN SHERGOTTITES. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc ID OXYGEN FUGACITY C1 [Rao, M. N.] Johnson Space Ctr, SCI, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Sutton, S. R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60439 USA. [Hoppe, P.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. [Nyquist, L. E.] XI NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Ross, D. K.; Shih, C.] Johnson Space Ctr, Jacobs JETS, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A531 EP A531 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400389 ER PT J AU Rios, AC Cooper, G AF Rios, A. C. Cooper, G. TI ON THE LONG TERM SURVIVAL OF METABOLIC COMPOUNDS DETECTED IN CARBONACEOUS METEORITES. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Rios, A. C.] Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA Postdoctoral Program, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rios, A. C.; Cooper, G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Andro.c.rios@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A538 EP A538 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400396 ER PT J AU Sandford, SA Materese, CK Nuevo, M AF Sandford, S. A. Materese, C. K. Nuevo, M. TI THE FORMATION OF NUCLEOBASES FROM THE UV IRRADIATION OF PURINE IN ASTROPHYSICAL ICES AND COMPARISONS WITH METEORITES SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc ID ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOIRRADIATION; EXTRATERRESTRIAL NUCLEOBASES; CARBONACEOUS METEORITES; MURCHISON METEORITE; PYRIMIDINE; URACIL C1 [Sandford, S. A.; Materese, C. K.; Nuevo, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Materese, C. K.; Nuevo, M.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA USA. EM Scott.A.Sandford@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A551 EP A551 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400409 ER PT J AU Satterwhite, CE Funk, RC Righter, K Harrington, RH AF Satterwhite, C. E. Funk, R. C. Righter, K. Harrington, R. H. TI Years of Processing Pieces of Space SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Satterwhite, C. E.] NASA, Jacobs, JSC, Mailcode XI2,2101 Nasa Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Funk, R. C.] NASA, GeoControl Jacobs JETS Contract, JSC, Mailcode XI2,2101 Nasa Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Righter, K.] NASA, JSC, Mailcode XI2,2101 Nasa Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Harrington, R. H.] NASA, UTC Jacobs JETS Contract, JSC, Mailcode XI2,2101 Nasa Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM cecilia.e.satterwhite@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A554 EP A554 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400412 ER PT J AU Schmieder, M Buchner, E AF Schmieder, M. Buchner, E. TI DISCOVERY OF POSSIBLE METEORITIC MATTER ON SHATTER CONES-3. MARQUEZ DOME, TEXAS, USA SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Schmieder, M.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Schmieder, M.] NASA, SSERVI, Washington, DC USA. [Buchner, E.] HNU Neu Ulm Univ Appl Sci, Wileystr 1, D-89231 Neu Ulm, Germany. [Buchner, E.] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Mineral, Azenberstr 18, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. EM schmieder@lpi.usra.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A556 EP A556 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400414 ER PT J AU Schroder, C Bland, PA Golombek, MP Ashley, JW Warner, NH Grant, JA AF Schroeder, C. Bland, P. A. Golombek, M. P. Ashley, J. W. Warner, N. H. Grant, J. A. TI AMAZONIAN CHEMICAL WEATHERNG RATE DERIVED FROM STONY METEORITE FINDS AT MERIDIANI PLANUM ON MARS SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc ID CLIMATE; CRATER C1 [Schroeder, C.] Univ Stirling, Fac Nat Sci, Biol & Environm Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Bland, P. A.] Curtin Univ, Dept Appl Geol, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Golombek, M. P.; Ashley, J. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Warner, N. H.] SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Geol Sci, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. [Grant, J. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM chris-tian.schroeder@stir.ac.uk NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A558 EP A558 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400416 ER PT J AU Schwarz, WH Breutmann, G Schmitt, AK Trieloff, M Ludwig, T Hanel, M Buchner, E Schmieder, M Pesonen, LJ Moilanen, J AF Schwarz, W. H. Breutmann, G. Schmitt, A. K. Trieloff, M. Ludwig, T. Hanel, M. Buchner, E. Schmieder, M. Pesonen, L. J. Moilanen, J. TI U/PB DATING OF ZIRCON FROM THE SUVASVESI IMPACT STRUCTURES, FINLAND SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Schwarz, W. H.; Breutmann, G.; Schmitt, A. K.; Trieloff, M.; Ludwig, T.; Hanel, M.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Geowissensch, Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Schwarz, W. H.; Trieloff, M.] Klaus Tschira Lab Kosmochem, Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Buchner, E.] HNU Neu Ulm Univ Appl Sci, Wileystr 1, D-89231 Neu Ulm, Germany. [Buchner, E.] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Mineral & Kristallchem, Azenbergstr 18, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. [Schmieder, M.] LPI, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Schmieder, M.] NASA, SSERVI, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Pesonen, L. J.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Moilanen, J.] Katajarinteentie 1 As 1, Vuolijoki 88270, Finland. EM Winfried.Schwarz@geow.uni-heidelberg.de NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A561 EP A561 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400419 ER PT J AU Schwenzer, SP Barnes, G Bridges, JC Bullock, MA Chavez, CL Filiberto, J Herrmann, S Hicks, LJ Kelley, SP Miller, MA Moore, JM Ott, U Smith, HD Steer, ED Swindle, TD Treiman, AH AF Schwenzer, S. P. Barnes, G. Bridges, J. C. Bullock, M. A. Chavez, C. L. Filiberto, J. Herrmann, S. Hicks, L. J. Kelley, S. P. Miller, M. A. Moore, J. M. Ott, U. Smith, H. D. Steer, E. D. Swindle, T. D. Treiman, A. H. TI FRACTIONATED (MARTIAN) NOBLE GASES - EFA, EXPERIMENTS AND METEORITES SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc ID ADSORPTION; SIGNATURES; NAKHLA C1 [Schwenzer, S. P.; Kelley, S. P.; Steer, E. D.] Open Univ, Dept Environm Earth & Ecosyst, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 5AA, Bucks, England. [Schwenzer, S. P.; Herrmann, S.; Ott, U.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. [Ott, U.] Univ West Hungary, Szomabthely, Hungary. [Schwenzer, S. P.; Treiman, A. H.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3303 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Barnes, G.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Barnes, G.; Swindle, T. D.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bridges, J. C.; Hicks, L. J.] Univ Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Bullock, M. A.] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Chavez, C. L.; Moore, J. M.; Smith, H. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Filiberto, J.] Southern Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Miller, M. A.] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Steer, E. D.] Univ Nottingham, Nanoscale & Microscale Res Ctr NMRC, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. EM susanne.schwenzer@open.ac.uk NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A562 EP A562 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400420 ER PT J AU Simkus, DN Aponte, JC Hilts, RW Elsila, JE Herd, CDK AF Simkus, D. N. Aponte, J. C. Hilts, R. W. Elsila, J. E. Herd, C. D. K. TI COMPOUND-SPECIFIC CARBON ISOTOPE COMPOSITIONS OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES IN THE TAGISH LAKE METEORITE SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Simkus, D. N.; Herd, C. D. K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Aponte, J. C.; Elsila, J. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Code 691, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Aponte, J. C.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Hilts, R. W.] MacEwan Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. EM simkus@ualberta.ca NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A575 EP A575 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400433 ER PT J AU Spohn, T Breuer, D Plesa, AC Grott, M Tosi, N Banerdt, B Lognonne, P Smrekar, S AF Spohn, T. Breuer, D. Plesa, A. -C. Grott, M. Tosi, N. Banerdt, B. Lognonne, P. Smrekar, S. TI HEINRICH WANKE, MARTIAN GEOCHEMISTRY AND THE INSIGHT MISSION SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc ID MARS C1 [Spohn, T.; Breuer, D.; Plesa, A. -C.; Grott, M.; Tosi, N.] DLR Inst Planetary Res, Rutherfordestr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Banerdt, B.; Smrekar, S.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Wood Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lognonne, P.] Inst Phys Globe Paris, 35 Rue Helene Brion, F-75205 Paris 13, France. EM tilman.spohn@dlr.de; bruce.banerdt@jpl.nasa.gov; lognonne@ipgp.fr NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A588 EP A588 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400446 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, P McCubbin, FM Rahman, Z Keller, LP Agee, CB AF Srinivasan, P. McCubbin, F. M. Rahman, Z. Keller, L. P. Agee, C. B. TI NOBLE METAL ARSENIDES AND GOLD INCLUSIONS IN NORTHWEST AFRICA 8186. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc ID CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; ASSEMBLAGES C1 [Srinivasan, P.; Agee, C. B.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Srinivasan, P.; Agee, C. B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Srinivasan, P.; McCubbin, F. M.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code XI2,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Rahman, Z.; Keller, L. P.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code XI3,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM psrinivasan@unm.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A592 EP A592 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400450 ER PT J AU Taylor, S Lever, JH Alexander, CMO Brownlee, DE Messenger, S Nittler, LR Stroud, RM Wozniakiewicz, P Clemett, S AF Taylor, S. Lever, J. H. Alexander, C. M. O'D Brownlee, D. E. Messenger, S. Nittler, L. R. Stroud, R. M. Wozniakiewicz, P. Clemett, S. TI SAMPLING INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES FROM ANTARCTIC AIR. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc ID MICROMETEORITES; GRAINS; SNOW C1 [Taylor, S.; Lever, J. H.] CRREL, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Alexander, C. M. O'D; Nittler, L. R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Brownlee, D. E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 91195 USA. [Messenger, S.; Clemett, S.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Code SR, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Stroud, R. M.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wozniakiewicz, P.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Ingram Bldg, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. EM Susan.Taylor@erdc.dren.mil; James.Lever@erdc.dren.mil; alexande@dtm.ciw.edu; browlee@astro.washington.edu; scott.messenger@nasa.gov; lnit-tler@ciw.edu; stroud@nrl.navy.mil; pjw@kent.ac.uk; simon.j.clemett@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A618 EP A618 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400476 ER PT J AU Warren, PH Kohl, I Young, ED Isa, J Morgan, M Liu, Y AF Warren, P. H. Kohl, I. Young, E. D. Isa, J. Morgan, M. Liu, Y. TI ENIGMATIC ENCLAVES OF SILICA AND AUGITE, WITHOUT FELDSPAR, IN EUCRITE NWA 10553. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Warren, P. H.; Kohl, I.; Young, E. D.; Isa, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Earth Space Sci Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Morgan, M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Liu, Y.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM pwarren@ucla.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A651 EP A651 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400509 ER PT J AU Zeigler, RA Korotev, RL AF Zeigler, R. A. Korotev, R. L. TI PETROGRAPHY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND PAIRING RELATIONSHIPS OF BASALTIC LUNAR METEORITE MILLER RANGE 13317. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Zeigler, R. A.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Rd 1,Mail Code XI2, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Korotev, R. L.] Washington Univ St Louis, 1 Brookings Dr Campus Box 1169, St Louis, MO USA. EM ryan.a.zeigler@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A686 EP A686 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400544 ER PT J AU Zolensky, ME Fries, M Utas, J Chan, QHS Kebukawa, Y Steele, A Bodnar, RJ Ito, M Nakashima, D Nakamura, T Greenwood, R Rahman, Z Le, L Ross, DK AF Zolensky, M. E. Fries, M. Utas, J. Chan, Q. H. -S. Kebukawa, Y. Steele, A. Bodnar, R. J. Ito, M. Nakashima, D. Nakamura, T. Greenwood, R. Rahman, Z. Le, L. Ross, D. K. TI C CHONDRITE CLASTS IN H CHONDRITE REGOLITH BRECCIAS: SOMETHING DIFFERENT SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 07-12, 2016 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Zolensky, M. E.; Fries, M.; Chan, Q. H. -S.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Utas, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kebukawa, Y.] Yokohama Natl Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. [Steele, A.] Carnegie Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Bodnar, R. J.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ito, M.] JAMSTEC, Kochi 7838502, Japan. [Nakashima, D.; Nakamura, T.] Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Greenwood, R.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Rahman, Z.; Le, L.; Ross, D. K.] Jacobs ESCG, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM Michael.e.zolensky@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 SU 1 SI SI BP A691 EP A691 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED2GQ UT WOS:000388662400549 ER PT J AU Nimmo, F Pappalardo, RT AF Nimmo, F. Pappalardo, R. T. TI Ocean worlds in the outer solar system SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Review ID EUROPAS ICE SHELL; STRONG TIDAL DISSIPATION; HYDRATED SALT MINERALS; LATE HEAVY BOMBARDMENT; KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; GALILEAN SATELLITES; THERMAL EVOLUTION; SUBSURFACE OCEAN; LIQUID WATER; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS AB Many outer solar system bodies are thought to harbor liquid water oceans beneath their ice shells. This article first reviews how such oceans are detected. We then discuss how they are maintained, when they formed, and what the oceans' likely characteristics are. We focus in particular on Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Titan, and Enceladus, bodies for which there is direct evidence of subsurface oceans. We also consider candidate ocean worlds such as Pluto and Triton. C1 [Nimmo, F.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Pappalardo, R. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Nimmo, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM fnimmo@es.ucsc.edu FU NASA [NNX13AG02G, NNX15AQ88G] FX We thank Hauke Hussmann and an anonymous reviewer for careful comments on the MS. The portion of this work performed by R.T.P. was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Parts of F.N.'s work were supported by NASA grants NNX13AG02G and NNX15AQ88G. This is a review article. It contains no novel data. NR 192 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD AUG PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 1378 EP 1399 DI 10.1002/2016JE005081 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EC0MI UT WOS:000387794800001 ER PT J AU Wilson, EH Atreya, SK Kaiser, RI Mahaffy, PR AF Wilson, Eric H. Atreya, Sushil K. Kaiser, Ralf I. Mahaffy, Paul R. TI Perchlorate formation on Mars through surface radiolysis-initiated atmospheric chemistry: A potential mechanism SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID EVALUATED KINETIC-DATA; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; PHOTOIONIZATION QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; ROCKNEST AEOLIAN DEPOSIT; CROSS-SECTIONS; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA; MARTIAN SOIL; GALE CRATER AB Recent observations of the Martian surface by the Phoenix lander and the Sample Analysis at Mars indicate the presence of perchlorate (ClO4-). The abundance and isotopic composition of these perchlorates suggest that the mechanisms responsible for their formation in the Martian environment may be unique in our solar system. With this in mind, we propose a potential mechanism for the production of Martian perchlorate: the radiolysis of the Martian surface by galactic cosmic rays, followed by the sublimation of chlorine oxides into the atmosphere and their subsequent synthesis to form perchloric acid (HClO4) in the atmosphere, and the surface deposition and subsequent mineralization of HClO4 in the regolith to form surface perchlorates. To evaluate the viability of this mechanism, we employ a one-dimensional chemical model, examining chlorine chemistry in the context of Martian atmospheric chemistry. Considering the chlorine oxide, OCIO, we find that an OCIO flux as low as 3.2 x 10(7) molecules cm(-2) s(-1) sublimated into the atmosphere from the surface could produce sufficient HClO4 to explain the perchlorate concentration on Mars, assuming an accumulation depth of 30 cm and integrated over the Amazonian period. Radiolysis provides an efficient pathway for the oxidation of chlorine, bypassing the efficient Cl/HCl recycling mechanism that characterizes HClO4 formation mechanisms proposed for the Earth but not Mars. C1 [Wilson, Eric H.; Atreya, Sushil K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kaiser, Ralf I.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Mahaffy, Paul R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Wilson, EH (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM wilson@umich.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX14AG39G]; NASA Mars Science Laboratory Project FX We thank R. Navarro-Gonzalez, A. A. Pavlov, B. Sutter, and M.H. Wong for their useful comments on the manuscript and the MSL team for the successful operation of the mission. R.I.K. acknowledges support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant NNX14AG39G. This paper is a modeling paper that uses model inputs that are referenced accordingly throughout. We note that there are no data-sharing issues since all of the numerical information is provided in the figures and tables produced by solving the equations in the paper. This research was supported by the NASA Mars Science Laboratory Project. NR 114 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD AUG PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 1472 EP 1487 DI 10.1002/2016JE005078 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EC0MI UT WOS:000387794800006 PM 27774369 ER PT J AU Doyle, R Chien, S Kortenkamp, D Woods, M AF Doyle, Richard Chien, Steve Kortenkamp, David Woods, Mark TI Introduction to the Special Issue on Intelligent Systems for Space Exploration SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Doyle, Richard; Chien, Steve] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kortenkamp, David] TRACLabs, Webster, TX 77598 USA. [Woods, Mark] SCISYS UK Ltd, Bristol BS4 5SS, Avon, England. RP Doyle, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROSP INFORM SYST JI J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 13 IS 8 BP 279 EP 279 DI 10.2514/1.I010487 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA EC5YC UT WOS:000388212200001 ER PT J AU Burl, MC Thompson, DR deGranville, C Bornstein, BJ AF Burl, Michael C. Thompson, David R. deGranville, Charles Bornstein, Benjamin J. TI ROCKSTER: Onboard Rock Segmentation Through Edge Regrouping SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME; MARS; EXPLORATION; TRACKING; SCIENCE; VISION; FIELDS; SHAPE AB To perform more complex space exploration activities with limited human intervention, an intelligent system must be able not only to sense its environment, but also to interpret the sensory data it acquires. Rock Segmentation Through Edge Regrouping is an autonomous perception algorithm for scientific analysis that is deployed on Mars. It conducts onboard analysis of images collected by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity and provides a list of closed rock contours to the Autonomous Exploration for Gathering Increased Science software module, which then prioritizes the identified rocks for subsequent targeting based on preferences expressed by scientists. Rock Segmentation Through Edge Regrouping processes 1 Kx1 K images in 600-900 s on the MER RAD6000 flight processor, clocked to operate at 20 million instructions per second, with a guaranteed high-water memory footprint of less than 4 megabytes of RAM. In all runs on Mars with rocks or outcrop present, the top 10 returned targets have been valid rocks or outcrop with one exception, which was a dark patch of soil. In several runs in which there were no rocks present, the algorithm correctly returned no detections. A nearly integer-only parallel version of the algorithm has been demonstrated on a Tilera TILE64 multicore processor. C1 [Burl, Michael C.; Thompson, David R.; deGranville, Charles] Jet Prop Lab, Machine Learning & Instrument Auton Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bornstein, Benjamin J.] Jet Prop Lab, Syst Architecture & Engn Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Burl, MC (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Machine Learning & Instrument Auton Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Michael.C.Burl@jpl.nasa.gov; David.R.Thompson@jpl.nasa.gov; Charles.K.deGranville@jpl.nasa.gov; Benjamin.J.Bornstein@jpl.nasa.gov NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROSP INFORM SYST JI J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 13 IS 8 BP 329 EP 342 DI 10.2514/1.I010381 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA EC5YC UT WOS:000388212200005 ER PT J AU Ehresmann, B Hassler, DM Zeitlin, C Guo, JN Kohler, J Wimmer-Schweingruber, RF Appel, JK Brinza, DE Rafkin, SCR Bottcher, SI Burmeister, S Lohf, H Martin, C Bohm, E Matthia, D Reitz, G AF Ehresmann, Bent Hassler, Donald M. Zeitlin, Cary Guo, Jingnan Koehler, Jan Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F. Appel, Jan K. Brinza, David E. Rafkin, Scot C. R. Boettcher, Stephan I. Burmeister, Soenke Lohf, Henning Martin, Cesar Boehm, Eckart Matthiae, Daniel Reitz, Guenther TI Charged particle spectra measured during the transit to Mars with the Mars Science Laboratory Radiation Assessment Detector (MSL/RAD) SO LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE RAD; MSL; Radiation; GCR; Transit Earth-Mars ID GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; SOLAR MODULATION; MARTIAN SURFACE; ENVIRONMENT; MODELS; RAD AB The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) started its 253-day cruise to Mars on November 26, 2011. During cruise the Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD), situated on board the Curiosity rover, conducted measurements of the energetic-particle radiation environment inside the spacecraft. This environment consists mainly of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), as well as secondary particles created by interactions of these GCRs with the spacecraft. The RAD measurements can serve as a proxy for the radiation environment a human crew would encounter during a transit to Mars, for a given part of the solar cycle, assuming that a crewed vehicle would have comparable shielding. The measurements of radiological quantities made by RAD are important in themselves, and, the same data set allow for detailed analysis of GCR-induced particle spectra inside the spacecraft. This provides important inputs for the evaluation of current transport models used to model the free-space (and spacecraft) radiation environment for different spacecraft shielding and different times in the solar cycle. Changes in these conditions can lead to significantly different radiation fields and, thus, potential health risks, emphasizing the need for validated transport codes. Here, we present the first measurements of charged particle fluxes inside a spacecraft during the transit from Earth to Mars. Using data obtained during the last two month of the cruise to Mars (June 11-July 14, 2012), we have derived detailed energy spectra for low-Z particles stopping in the instrument's detectors, as well as integral fluxes for penetrating particles with higher energies. Furthermore, we analyze the temporal changes in measured proton fluxes during quiet solar periods (i.e., when no solar energetic particle events occurred) over the duration of the transit (December 9, 2011-July 14, 2012) and correlate them with changing heliospheric conditions. (C) 2016 The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ehresmann, Bent; Hassler, Donald M.; Rafkin, Scot C. R.] Southwest Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, 1050 Walnut St, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Zeitlin, Cary] Southwest Res Inst, Earth Oceans & Space Dept, Durham, NH USA. [Guo, Jingnan; Koehler, Jan; Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F.; Appel, Jan K.; Boettcher, Stephan I.; Burmeister, Soenke; Lohf, Henning; Martin, Cesar; Boehm, Eckart] Univ Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [Brinza, David E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Matthiae, Daniel; Reitz, Guenther] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Cologne, Germany. RP Ehresmann, B (reprint author), Southwest Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, 1050 Walnut St, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM ehresmann@boulder.swri.edu NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2214-5524 EI 2214-5532 J9 LIFE SCI SPACE RES JI Life Sci. Space Res. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 10 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.lssr.2016.07.001 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC3GU UT WOS:000388015100004 PM 27662785 ER PT J AU Knipp, DJ Giles, BL AF Knipp, Delores J. Giles, Barbara L. TI Global Positioning System Energetic Particle Data: The Next Space Weather Data Revolution SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Knipp, Delores J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knipp, Delores J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Giles, Barbara L.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Geospace Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Giles, Barbara L.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, MMS Fast Plasma Invest, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Knipp, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Knipp, DJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dknipp@agu.org NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD AUG PY 2016 VL 14 IS 8 BP 526 EP 527 DI 10.1002/2016SW001483 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC0OV UT WOS:000387801400001 ER PT J AU Nunez, M Nieves-Chinchilla, T Pulkkinen, A AF Nunez, Marlon Nieves-Chinchilla, Teresa Pulkkinen, Antti TI Prediction of shock arrival times from CME and flare data SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; SOLAR-WIND; OUTER HELIOSPHERE; INNER HELIOSPHERE; MAGNETIC CLOUD; 2 SPACECRAFT; 1 AU; MODEL; EVOLUTION AB This paper presents the Shock Arrival Model (SARM) for predicting shock arrival times for distances from 0.72 AU to 8.7 AU by using coronal mass ejections (CME) and flare data. SARM is an aerodynamic drag model described by a differential equation that has been calibrated with a data set of 120 shocks observed from 1997 to 2010 by minimizing the mean absolute error (MAE), normalized to 1 AU. SARM should be used with CME data (radial, earthward, or plane-of-sky speeds) and flare data (peak flux, duration, and location). In the case of 1 AU, the MAE and the median of absolute errors were 7.0 h and 5.0 h, respectively, using the available CME/flare data. The best results for 1 AU (an MAE of 5.8 h) were obtained using both CME data, either radial or cone model-estimated speeds, and flare data. For the prediction of shock arrivals at distances from 0.72 AU to 8.7 AU, the normalized MAE and the median were 7.1 h and 5.1 h, respectively, using the available CME/flare data. SARM was also calibrated to be used with CME data alone or flare data alone, obtaining normalized MAE errors of 8.9 h and 8.6 h, respectively, for all shock events. The model verification was carried out with an additional data set of 20 shocks observed from 2010 to 2012 with radial CME speeds to compare SARM with the empirical ESA model and the numerical MHD-based ENLIL model. The results show that the ENLIL's MAE was lower than the SARM's MAE, which was lower than the ESA's MAE. The SARM's best results were obtained when both flare and true CME speeds were used. C1 [Nunez, Marlon] Univ Malaga, Dept Languages & Comp Sci, Malaga, Spain. [Nieves-Chinchilla, Teresa; Pulkkinen, Antti] NASA, GSFC, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Nunez, M (reprint author), Univ Malaga, Dept Languages & Comp Sci, Malaga, Spain. EM mnunez@uma.es OI Nunez, Marlon/0000-0001-5374-5231 FU Plan Propio de Investigacion of Universidad de Malaga / Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucia Tech; European Space Agency's Technology Research Programme (project SEPsFLAREs) [4000109626/13/NL/AK] FX The SARM model was funded by the Plan Propio de Investigacion of Universidad de Malaga / Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucia Tech, and by the European Space Agency's Technology Research Programme (project SEPsFLAREs; Contract No. 4000109626/13/NL/AK). As mentioned in the text, the shock arrival predictions presented in this paper are available by processing the SARM model at http://spaceweather.uma.es/sarm/index.html with data in Table 1 and Table 3. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD AUG PY 2016 VL 14 IS 8 BP 544 EP 562 DI 10.1002/2016SW001361 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC0OV UT WOS:000387801400004 ER PT J AU Jian, LK MacNeice, PJ Mays, ML Taktakishvili, A Odstrcil, D Jackson, B Yu, HS Riley, P Sokolov, IV AF Jian, L. K. MacNeice, P. J. Mays, M. L. Taktakishvili, A. Odstrcil, D. Jackson, B. Yu, H. -S. Riley, P. Sokolov, I. V. TI Validation for global solar wind prediction using Ulysses comparison: Multiple coronal and heliospheric models installed at the Community Coordinated Modeling Center SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MASS EJECTIONS CMES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; 3-DIMENSIONAL PROPAGATION; INNER HELIOSPHERE; FLUX TRANSPORT; ALFVEN WAVES; MHD MODEL; INTERPLANETARY; EVOLUTION; DRIVEN AB The prediction of the background global solar wind is a necessary part of space weather forecasting. Several coronal and heliospheric models have been installed and/or recently upgraded at the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC), including the Wang-Sheely-Arge (WSA)-Enlil model, MHD-Around-a-Sphere (MAS)-Enlil model, Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF), and heliospheric tomography using interplanetary scintillation data. Ulysses recorded the last fast latitudinal scan from southern to northern poles in 2007. By comparing the modeling results with Ulysses observations over seven Carrington rotations, we have extended our third-party validation from the previous near-Earth solar wind to middle to high latitudes, in the same late declining phase of solar cycle 23. Besides visual comparison, we have quantitatively assessed the models' capabilities in reproducing the time series, statistics, and latitudinal variations of solar wind parameters for a specific range of model parameter settings, inputs, and grid configurations available at CCMC. The WSA-Enlil model results vary with three different magnetogram inputs. The MAS-Enlil model captures the solar wind parameters well, despite its underestimation of the speed at middle to high latitudes. The new version of SWMF misses many solar wind variations probably because it uses lower grid resolution than other models. The interplanetary scintillation-tomography cannot capture the latitudinal variations of solar wind well yet. Because the model performance varies with parameter settings which are optimized for different epochs or flow states, the performance metric study provided here can serve as a template that researchers can use to validate the models for the time periods and conditions of interest to them. C1 [Jian, L. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jian, L. K.; MacNeice, P. J.; Mays, M. L.; Taktakishvili, A.; Odstrcil, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mays, M. L.; Taktakishvili, A.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Odstrcil, D.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Jackson, B.; Yu, H. -S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Riley, P.] Predict Sci Inc, San Diego, CA USA. [Sokolov, I. V.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Jian, LK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Jian, LK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM lan.jian@nasa.gov RI Sokolov, Igor/H-9860-2013 OI Sokolov, Igor/0000-0002-6118-0469 FU NSF [AGS 1242798, 1321493, 1259549, AGS 1257519] FX This work is supported by NSF grants AGS 1242798, 1321493, and 1259549. A. T. and I.V.S. are supported by NSF grant AGS 1257519. Simulation results have been provided by the CCMC at NASA/GSFC through their public Runs on Request system (http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/requests/requests.php). The results of IPS tomography are available upon request from Bernard Jackson at the University of California, San Diego. The simulation results of other models are available to the public at http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/ungrouped/SH/Helio_main.php by searching "Jian" as run requestor's last name and choosing 2056-2062 as the Carrington rotation number. The CCMC is a multiagency partnership between NASA, AFMC, AFOSR, AFRL, AFWA, NOAA, NSF, and ONR. We are grateful to the CCMC team for their work. We thank the GONG, MWO, and NSO/SOLIS teams for providing the photospheric magnetograms. We appreciate all the modeling teams for providing their models at the CCMC and for their consultation. We are grateful to Ward Manchester for verifying the current version of SWMF/AWSoM at the University of Michigan performs the same as reported here at Ulysses orbit. L.K.J. thanks Rebekah M. Evans for running the SWMF v8.03 model in 2012. We acknowledge the Space Physics Data Facility at NASA/GSFC for providing Ulysses data (see http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/coho/). NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD AUG PY 2016 VL 14 IS 8 BP 592 EP 611 DI 10.1002/2016SW001435 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC0OV UT WOS:000387801400007 ER PT J AU Teng, W Rui, HL Strub, R Vollmer, B AF Teng, William Rui, Hualan Strub, Richard Vollmer, Bruce TI OPTIMAL REORGANIZATION OF NASA EARTH SCIENCE DATA FOR ENHANCED ACCESSIBILITY AND USABILITY FOR THE HYDROLOGY COMMUNITY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE data management; remote sensing; time series analysis; data access; data rods; hydrology; digital divide ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; GIOVANNI AB A long-standing "Digital Divide" in data representation exists between the preferred way of data access by the hydrology community and the common way of data archival by earth science data centers. Typically, in hydrology, earth surface features are expressed as discrete spatial objects (e.g., watersheds), and time-varying data are contained in associated time series. Data in earth science archives, although stored as discrete values (of satellite swath pixels or geographical grids), represent continuous spatial fields, one file per time step. This Divide has been an obstacle, specifically, between the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. and NASA earth science data systems. In essence, the way data are archived is conceptually orthogonal to the desired method of access. Our recent work has shown an optimal method of bridging the Divide, by enabling operational access to long-time series (e.g., 36 years of hourly data) of selected NASA datasets. These time series, which we have termed "data rods," are pre-generated or generated on-the-fly. This optimal solution was arrived at after extensive investigations of various approaches, including one based on "data curtains." The on-the-fly generation of data rods uses "data cubes," NASA Giovanni, and parallel processing. The optimal reorganization of NASA earth science data has significantly enhanced the access to and use of the data for the hydrology user community. C1 [Teng, William; Rui, Hualan; Strub, Richard] NASA, ADNET Syst Inc, Goddard Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv Ctr, Code 610-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Vollmer, Bruce] NASA, Goddard Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Teng, W (reprint author), NASA, ADNET Syst Inc, Goddard Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv Ctr, Code 610-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM william.l.teng@nasa.gov FU NASA's Advancing Collaborative Connections for Earth System Science (ACCESS) Program; GES DISC FX We are grateful for the support of this "data rods" project by NASA's Advancing Collaborative Connections for Earth System Science (ACCESS) Program and by the GES DISC. We thank the other members of the "data rods" project team for contributing their parts of the project, to which the data rods are connected: David Maidment, Tim Whiteaker, David Arctur, and Gonzalo Espinoza Davalos of the University of Texas at Austin; and Christa Peters-Lidard, David Mocko, and Dalia Kirschbaum of NASA GSFC Hydrological Sciences Laboratory. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for their comments and suggestions. Their efforts have greatly improved the article. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 52 IS 4 BP 825 EP 835 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12405 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EB2DW UT WOS:000387168800003 ER PT J AU Snow, AD Christensen, SD Swain, NR Nelson, EJ Ames, DP Jones, NL Ding, D Noman, NS David, CH Pappenberger, F Zsoter, E AF Snow, Alan D. Christensen, Scott D. Swain, Nathan R. Nelson, E. James Ames, Daniel P. Jones, Norman L. Ding, Deng Noman, Nawajish S. David, Cedric H. Pappenberger, Florian Zsoter, Ervin TI A HIGH-RESOLUTION NATIONAL-SCALE HYDROLOGIC FORECAST SYSTEM FROM A GLOBAL ENSEMBLE LAND SURFACE MODEL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE ECMWF; RAPID; Tethys Platform; CondorPy; HTCondor; CI-WATER; GloFAS; NFIE; flood prediction; streamflow prediction; forecast ID PREDICTION; UNCERTAINTY; IGNORANCE; ECMWF AB Warning systems with the ability to predict floods several days in advance have the potential to benefit tens of millions of people. Accordingly, large-scale streamflow prediction systems such as the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service or the Global Flood Awareness System are limited to coarse resolutions. This article presents a method for routing global runoff ensemble forecasts and global historical runoff generated by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts model using the Routing Application for Parallel computation of Discharge to produce high spatial resolution 15-day stream forecasts, approximate recurrence intervals, and warning points at locations where streamflow is predicted to exceed the recurrence interval thresholds. The processing method involves distributing the computations using computer clusters to facilitate processing of large watersheds with high-density stream networks. In addition, the Streamflow Prediction Tool web application was developed for visualizing analyzed results at both the regional level and at the reach level of high-density stream networks. The application formed part of the base hydrologic forecasting service available to the National Flood Interoperability Experiment and can potentially transform the nation's forecast ability by incorporating ensemble predictions at the nearly 2.7 million reaches of the National Hydrography Plus Version 2 Dataset into the national forecasting system. C1 [Snow, Alan D.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Christensen, Scott D.; Swain, Nathan R.; Nelson, E. James; Ames, Daniel P.; Jones, Norman L.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Ding, Deng; Noman, Nawajish S.] Esri, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. [David, Cedric H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Pappenberger, Florian; Zsoter, Ervin] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading, Berks, England. RP Snow, AD (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM alan.d.snow@usace.army.mil RI Pappenberger, Florian/A-2839-2009; OI Pappenberger, Florian/0000-0003-1766-2898; Snow, Alan/0000-0002-7333-3100 FU National Science Foundation [1135483]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1135483. Cedric H. David was supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We would also like to express appreciation to Curtis Rae for his assistance in the GIS preprocessing of the NFIE regions. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 52 IS 4 BP 950 EP 964 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12434 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EB2DW UT WOS:000387168800013 ER PT J AU Wagstaff, KL Tang, BY Thompson, DR Khudikyan, S Wyngaard, J Deller, AT Palaniswamy, D Tingay, SJ Wayth, RB AF Wagstaff, Kiri L. Tang, Benyang Thompson, David R. Khudikyan, Shakeh Wyngaard, Jane Deller, Adam T. Palaniswamy, Divya Tingay, Steven J. Wayth, Randall B. TI A Machine Learning Classifier for Fast Radio Burst Detection at the VLBA SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article DE methods: data analysis ID V-FASTR; TRANSIENTS; TELESCOPE; ARRAY; FRAMEWORK; MERGERS; SEARCH; ORIGIN AB Time domain radio astronomy observing campaigns frequently generate large volumes of data. Our goal is to develop automated methods that can identify events of interest buried within the larger data stream. The V-FASTR fast transient system was designed to detect rare fast radio bursts within data collected by the Very Long Baseline Array. The resulting event candidates constitute a significant burden in terms of subsequent human reviewing time. We have trained and deployed a machine learning classifier that marks each candidate detection as a pulse from a known pulsar, an artifact due to radio frequency interference, or a potential new discovery. The classifier maintains high reliability by restricting its predictions to those with at least 90% confidence. We have also implemented several efficiency and usability improvements to the V-FASTR web-based candidate review system. Overall, we found that time spent reviewing decreased and the fraction of interesting candidates increased. The classifier now classifies (and therefore filters) 80%-90% of the candidates, with an accuracy greater than 98%, leaving only the 10%-20% most promising candidates to be reviewed by humans. C1 [Wagstaff, Kiri L.; Tang, Benyang; Thompson, David R.; Khudikyan, Shakeh; Wyngaard, Jane] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Deller, Adam T.] ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, NL-7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Palaniswamy, Divya; Tingay, Steven J.; Wayth, Randall B.] Curtin Univ, ICRAR, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia. [Palaniswamy, Divya] Univ Nevada, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Tingay, Steven J.] ARC Ctr Excellence All Sky Astrophys CAASTRO, Redfern, NSW, Australia. RP Wagstaff, KL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kiri.l.wagstaff@jpl.nasa.gov RI Wayth, Randall/B-2444-2013; OI Wayth, Randall/0000-0002-6995-4131; Deller, Adam/0000-0001-9434-3837 FU State Government of Western Australia; joint venture partners; Jet Propulsion Laboratory under a Research and Technology Development Grant; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The International Center for Radio Astronomy Research is a joint venture between Curtin University and The University of Western Australia, funded by the State Government of Western Australia and the joint venture partners. Steven J. Tingay is a Western Australian Premiers Research Fellow.; This work was done in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory under a Research and Technology Development Grant, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Copyright 2015. All Rights Reserved. US Government Support Acknowledged. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 128 IS 966 AR 084503 DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/966/084503 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EB1LI UT WOS:000387112900004 ER PT J AU Cappi, M De Marco, B Ponti, G Ursini, F Petrucci, PO Bianchi, S Kaastra, JS Kriss, GA Mehdipour, M Whewell, M Arav, N Behar, E Boissay, R Branduardi-Raymont, G Costantini, E Ebrero, J Di Gesu, L Harrison, FA Kaspi, S Matt, G Paltani, S Peterson, BM Steenbrugge, KC Walton, DJ AF Cappi, M. De Marco, B. Ponti, G. Ursini, F. Petrucci, P. -O. Bianchi, S. Kaastra, J. S. Kriss, G. A. Mehdipour, M. Whewell, M. Arav, N. Behar, E. Boissay, R. Branduardi-Raymont, G. Costantini, E. Ebrero, J. Di Gesu, L. Harrison, F. A. Kaspi, S. Matt, G. Paltani, S. Peterson, B. M. Steenbrugge, K. C. Walton, D. J. TI Anatomy of the AGN in NGC 5548 VIII. XMM-Newton's EPIC detailed view of an unexpected variable multilayer absorber SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; X-rays: galaxies; galaxies: individual: NGC 5548 ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; BROAD-LINE REGION; SEYFERT-1 GALAXY NGC-5548; ACCRETION-DISK WINDS; ULTRA-FAST OUTFLOWS; QUASAR PDS 456; EMISSION-LINE; SPECTRAL VARIABILITY; ASCA OBSERVATIONS AB In 2013, we conducted a large multi-wavelength campaign on the archetypical Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548. Unexpectedly, this usually unobscured source appeared strongly absorbed in the soft X-rays during the entire campaign, and signatures of new and strong outflows were present in the almost simultaneous UV HST/COS data. Here we carry out a comprehensive spectral analysis of all available XMM-Newton observations of NGC 5548 (precisely 14 observations from our campaign plus three from the archive, for a total of similar to 763 ks) in combination with three simultaneous NuSTAR observations. We obtain a best-fit underlying continuum model composed by i) a weakly varying flat (Gamma similar to 1.5-1.7) power-law component; ii) a constant, cold reflection (FeK + continuum) component; iii) a soft excess, possibly owing to thermal Comptonization; and iv) a constant, ionized scattered emission-line dominated component. Our main findings are that, during the 2013 campaign, the first three of these components appear to be partially covered by a heavy and variable obscurer that is located along the line of sight (LOS), which is consistent with a multilayer of cold and mildly ionized gas. We characterize in detail the short timescale (mostly similar to ks-to-days) spectral variability of this new obscurer, and find it is mostly due to a combination of column density and covering factor variations, on top of intrinsic power-law (flux and slope) variations. In addition, our best-fit spectrum is left with several (but marginal) absorption features at rest-frame energies similar to 6.7-6.9 keV and similar to 8 keV, as well as a weak broad emission line feature redwards of the 6.4 keV emission line. These could indicate a more complex underlying model, e.g. a P-Cygni-type emission profile if we allow for a large velocity and wide-angle outflow. These findings are consistent with a picture where the obscurer represents the manifestation along the LOS of a multilayer of gas, which is also in multiphase, and which is likely outflowing at high speed, and simultaneously producing heavy obscuration and scattering in the X-rays, as well as broad absorption features in the UV. C1 [Cappi, M.; Ponti, G.] IASF Bologna, INAF, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [De Marco, B.; Ponti, G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ursini, F.; Bianchi, S.; Matt, G.] Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, Via Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [Ursini, F.; Petrucci, P. -O.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Petrucci, P. -O.] CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Kaastra, J. S.; Mehdipour, M.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Kaastra, J. S.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 80000, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Kaastra, J. S.; Costantini, E.; Di Gesu, L.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Kriss, G. A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kriss, G. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Mehdipour, M.; Whewell, M.; Branduardi-Raymont, G.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Arav, N.] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Behar, E.; Kaspi, S.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Boissay, R.; Paltani, S.] Univ Geneva, Dept Astron, 16 Chemin Ecogia, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Ebrero, J.] European Space Astron Ctr, POB 78, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Harrison, F. A.; Walton, D. J.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Peterson, B. M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Peterson, B. M.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & AstroParticle Phys, 191 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Steenbrugge, K. C.] Univ Catolica Norte, Inst Astron, Avenida Angamos 0610,1280 Casilla, Antofagasta, Casilla, Chile. [Walton, D. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Cappi, M (reprint author), IASF Bologna, INAF, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM massimo.appi@inaf.it RI Bianchi, Stefano/B-4804-2010 OI Bianchi, Stefano/0000-0002-4622-4240 FU ESA; Italian Space Agency [ASI-INAF I/037/12/P1]; EU Marie Curie Intra-European fellowship [FP-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-331095]; ESA Member States; USA (NASA); NASA [NAS5-26555]; International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern; NWO, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research; NWO; UK STFC; NASA through from the Space Telescope Science Institute [13184]; ASI/INAF [I/037/12/0]; PRIN INAF; CNES; CNRS/PICS; Fondo Fortalecimiento de la Productividad Cientifica VRIDT; EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant [655324]; iCORE program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee [1937/12]; INAF/PICS; US NSF [AST-1008882]; Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie/Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt [FKZ 50 OR 1408]; VINCI program of the French-Italian University FX This paper is based on observations obtained with the XMM-Newton satellite, an ESA funded mission with contributions by ESA Member States and USA. M.C. and S.B. acknowledges financial support from the Italian Space Agency under grant ASI-INAF I/037/12/P1. G.P. acknowledges support via an EU Marie Curie Intra-European fellowship under contract no. FP-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-331095. This work is based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and the USA (NASA). This research has made use of data obtained with the NuSTAR mission, a project led by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and funded by NASA. We thank the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern for their support and hospitality. SRON is supported financially by NWO, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. M.M. acknowledges support from NWO and the UK STFC. This work was supported by NASA through grants for HST program number 13184 from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, incorporated under NASA contract NAS5-26555. M.C. acknowledges financial support from contracts ASI/INAF n.I/037/12/0 and PRIN INAF 2011 and 2012. P.-O.P. acknowledges financial support from the CNES and from the CNRS/PICS. K.C.S. acknowledges financial support from the Fondo Fortalecimiento de la Productividad Cientifica VRIDT 2013. E.B. received funding from the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 655324, and from the iCORE program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee (grant No. 1937/12). S.B., G.M., and A.D.R. acknowledge INAF/PICS financial support. G.M. and F.U. acknowledge financial support from the Italian Space Agency under grant ASI/INAF I/037/12/0-011/13. B.M.P. acknowledges support from the US NSF through grant AST-1008882. G.P. acknowledges support via an EU Marie Curie Intra-European fellowship under contract No. FP-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-331095 and Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie/Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (BMWI/DLR, FKZ 50 OR 1408). F.U. acknowledges Ph.D. funding from the VINCI program of the French-Italian University. M.W. acknowledges the support of a Ph.D. studentship awarded by the UK STFC. NR 113 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 592 AR A27 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201628464 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DX9NO UT WOS:000384722600122 ER PT J AU Comparat, J Delubac, T Jouvel, S Raichoor, A Kneib, JP Yeche, C Abdalla, FB Le Cras, C Maraston, C Wilkinson, DM Zhu, G Jullo, E Prada, F Schlegel, D Xu, Z Zou, H Bautista, J Bizyaev, D Bolton, A Brownstein, JR Dawson, KS Escoffier, S Gaulme, P Kinemuchi, K Malanushenko, E Malanushenko, V Mariappan, V Newman, JA Oravetz, D Pan, K Percival, WJ Prakash, A Schneider, DP Simmons, A Abbott, TMC Allam, S Banerji, M Benoit-Levy, A Bertin, E Brooks, D Capozzi, D Rosell, AC Kind, MC Carretero, J Castander, FJ Cunha, CE da Costa, LN Desai, S Doel, P Eifler, TF Estrada, J Flaugher, B Fosalba, P Frieman, J Gaztanaga, E Gerdes, DW Gruen, D Gruendl, RA Gutierrez, G Honscheid, K James, DJ Kuehn, K Kuropatkin, N Lahav, O Lima, M Maia, MAG March, M Marshall, JL Miquel, R Plazas, AA Reil, K Roe, N Romer, AK Roodman, A Rykoff, ES Sako, M Sanchez, E Scarpine, V Sevilla-Noarbe, I Soares-Santos, M Sobreira, F Suchyta, E Swanson, MEC Tarle, G Thaler, J Thomas, D Walker, AR Zhang, Y AF Comparat, J. Delubac, T. Jouvel, S. Raichoor, A. Kneib, J-P. Yeche, C. Abdalla, F. B. Le Cras, C. Maraston, C. Wilkinson, D. M. Zhu, G. Jullo, E. Prada, F. Schlegel, D. Xu, Z. Zou, H. Bautista, J. Bizyaev, D. Bolton, A. Brownstein, J. R. Dawson, K. S. Escoffier, S. Gaulme, P. Kinemuchi, K. Malanushenko, E. Malanushenko, V. Mariappan, V. Newman, J. A. Oravetz, D. Pan, K. Percival, W. J. Prakash, A. Schneider, D. P. Simmons, A. Abbott, T. M. C. Allam, S. Banerji, M. Benoit-Levy, A. Bertin, E. Brooks, D. Capozzi, D. Rosell, A. Carnero Kind, M. Carrasco Carretero, J. Castander, F. J. Cunha, C. E. da Costa, L. N. Desai, S. Doel, P. Eifler, T. F. Estrada, J. Flaugher, B. Fosalba, P. Frieman, J. Gaztanaga, E. Gerdes, D. W. Gruen, D. Gruendl, R. A. Gutierrez, G. Honscheid, K. James, D. J. Kuehn, K. Kuropatkin, N. Lahav, O. Lima, M. Maia, M. A. G. March, M. Marshall, J. L. Miquel, R. Plazas, A. A. Reil, K. Roe, N. Romer, A. K. Roodman, A. Rykoff, E. S. Sako, M. Sanchez, E. Scarpine, V. Sevilla-Noarbe, I. Soares-Santos, M. Sobreira, F. Suchyta, E. Swanson, M. E. C. Tarle, G. Thaler, J. Thomas, D. Walker, A. R. Zhang, Y. TI SDSS-IV eBOSS emission-line galaxy pilot survey SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE large-scale structure of Universe; galaxies: general; methods: observational ID OSCILLATION SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; BARYON ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS; 1ST DATA RELEASE; DARK ENERGY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; TARGET SELECTION; DATA REDUCTION; SURVEY DESIGN; SURVEY VIPERS AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV extended Baryonic Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (SDSS-IV/eBOSS) will observe 195 000 emission-line galaxies (ELGs) to measure the baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) standard ruler at redshift 0.9. To test different ELG selection algorithms, 9000 spectra were observed with the SDSS spectrograph as a pilot survey based on data from several imaging surveys. First, using visual inspection and redshift quality flags, we show that the automated spectroscopic redshifts assigned by the pipeline meet the quality requirements for a reliable BAO measurement. We also show the correlations between sky emission, signal-to-noise ratio in the emission lines, and redshift error. Then we provide a detailed description of each target selection algorithm we tested and compare them with the requirements of the eBOSS experiment. As a result, we provide reliable redshift distributions for the different target selection schemes we tested. Finally, we determine an target selection algorithms that is best suited to be applied on DECam photometry because they fulfill the eBOSS survey efficiency requirements. C1 [Comparat, J.; Prada, F.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, CSIC, Inst Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Comparat, J.; Prada, F.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Delubac, T.; Kneib, J-P.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Observ Sauverny, Astrophys Lab, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Jouvel, S.; Abdalla, F. B.; Benoit-Levy, A.; Brooks, D.; Doel, P.; Lahav, O.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Raichoor, A.; Yeche, C.] CEA, Ctr Saclay, IRFU SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Kneib, J-P.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Abdalla, F. B.] Rhodes Univ, Dept Phys & Elect, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Le Cras, C.; Maraston, C.; Wilkinson, D. M.; Percival, W. J.; Capozzi, D.] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England. [Zhu, G.; Thomas, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Prada, F.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Glorieta Astron, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Schlegel, D.; Roe, N.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, Z.; Zou, H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Key Lab Opt Astron, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Bautista, J.; Bolton, A.; Brownstein, J. R.; Dawson, K. S.; Mariappan, V.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, 115 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Bizyaev, D.; Gaulme, P.; Kinemuchi, K.; Malanushenko, E.; Malanushenko, V.; Oravetz, D.; Pan, K.; Simmons, A.] Apache Point Observ, POB 59, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Bizyaev, D.; Gaulme, P.; Kinemuchi, K.; Malanushenko, E.; Malanushenko, V.; Oravetz, D.; Pan, K.; Simmons, A.] New Mexico State Univ, POB 59, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Bizyaev, D.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Escoffier, S.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Newman, J. A.; Prakash, A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Newman, J. A.; Prakash, A.] Univ Pittsburgh, PITT PACC, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Schneider, D. P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schneider, D. P.] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Abbott, T. M. C.; James, D. J.; Walker, A. R.] Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, Natl Opt Astron Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile. [Allam, S.; Estrada, J.; Flaugher, B.; Frieman, J.; Kuropatkin, N.; Scarpine, V.; Soares-Santos, M.; Sobreira, F.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Banerji, M.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Banerji, M.] Univ Cambridge, Kavli Inst Cosmol, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Bertin, E.] Inst Astrophys Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Bertin, E.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Rosell, A. Carnero; da Costa, L. N.; Lima, M.; Maia, M. A. G.] Lab Interinst E Astron LIneA, Rua Gal Jose Cristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Rosell, A. Carnero; da Costa, L. N.; Maia, M. A. G.] Observ Nacl, Rua Gal Jose Cristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Kind, M. Carrasco; Gruendl, R. A.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kind, M. Carrasco; Gruendl, R. A.; Swanson, M. E. C.] Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, 1205 West Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Carretero, J.; Fosalba, P.; Gaztanaga, E.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Campus UAB,Carrer Can Magrans S-N, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Carretero, J.; Castander, F. J.; Miquel, R.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Cunha, C. E.; Roodman, A.; Rykoff, E. S.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, POB 2450, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Desai, S.] Excellence Cluster Universe, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Desai, S.] Univ Munich, Fac Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Eifler, T. F.; March, M.; Sako, M.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Eifler, T. F.; Plazas, A. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Frieman, J.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Gerdes, D. W.; Tarle, G.; Zhang, Y.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gruen, D.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Gruen, D.] Univ Munich, Univ Sternwarte, Fac Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Honscheid, K.; Suchyta, E.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Honscheid, K.; Suchyta, E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kuehn, K.] Australian Astron Observ, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia. [Lima, M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Dept Fis Matemat, CP 66318, BR-05314970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Marshall, J. L.] Texas A&M Univ, George P & Cynthia Woods Mitchell Inst Fundamenta, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Marshall, J. L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Miquel, R.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona 08010, Spain. [Reil, K.; Roodman, A.; Rykoff, E. S.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Romer, A. K.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Pevensey Bldg, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Sanchez, E.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.] CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain. [Thaler, J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Comparat, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, CSIC, Inst Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.; Comparat, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM j.comparat@csic.es RI Lima, Marcos/E-8378-2010; Gaztanaga, Enrique/L-4894-2014; OI Gaztanaga, Enrique/0000-0001-9632-0815; Abdalla, Filipe/0000-0003-2063-4345; Sobreira, Flavia/0000-0002-7822-0658 FU Spanish MICINNs Consolider-Ingenio Programme [MultiDark CSD2009-00064]; MINECO Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Programme [SEV-2012-0249, FPA2012-34694, AYA2014-60641-C2-1-P, AYA2012-31101]; spanish MEC Salvador de Madariaga program [PRX14/00444]; LIDA ERC advanced grant; P2IO LabEx in the framework Investissements d'Avenir [ANR-10-LABX-0038, ANR-11-IDEX-0003-01]; CNRS; Labex OCEVU; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; US Department of Energy Office of Science; Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah; US Department of Energy; U.S. National Science Foundation; Ministry of Science and Education of Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom; Higher Education Funding Council for England; National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago; Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University; Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas AM University; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos; Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico; Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey; National Science Foundation [AST-1138766]; MINECO [AYA2012-39559, ESP-2013-48274, FPA2013-47986]; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa [SEV-2012-0234]; European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) including ERC grant [240672, 291329, 306478]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; Carnegie Institution for Science, Carnegie Mellon University; Chilean Participation Group; French Participation Group; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Johns Hopkins University; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP); Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg); Max-Planck-Institut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching); Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE); National Astronomical Observatory of China; New Mexico State University; New York University; University of Notre Dame; Observatario Nacional/MCTI; Ohio State University; Pennsylvania State University; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory; United Kingdom Participation Group; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; University of Arizona; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Portsmouth; University of Utah; University of Virginia; University of Washington; University of Wisconsin; Vanderbilt University; Yale University; Brazilian Participation Group FX J.C. and F.P. acknowledge support from the Spanish MICINNs Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme under grant MultiDark CSD2009-00064, MINECO Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Programme under the grants SEV-2012-0249, FPA2012-34694, and the projects AYA2014-60641-C2-1-P and AYA2012-31101. We also thank the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for its hospitality. F.P. acknowledges the spanish MEC Salvador de Madariaga program, Ref. PRX14/00444. T.D. and J.P.K. acknowledge support from the LIDA ERC advanced grant. AR acknowledges funding from the P2IO LabEx (ANR-10-LABX-0038) in the framework Investissements d'Avenir (ANR-11-IDEX-0003-01) managed by the French National Research Agency (ANR). E.J. acknowledges the support of CNRS and the Labex OCEVU. This paper represents an effort by the SDSS-III, SDSS-IV and DES collaborations. Funding for SDSS-III was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the US Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS web site is www.sdss.org. SDSS-IV acknowledges support and resources from the Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah. SDSS-IV is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS Collaboration including the Brazilian Participation Group, the Carnegie Institution for Science, Carnegie Mellon University, the Chilean Participation Group, the French Participation Group, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, The Johns Hopkins University, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg), Max-Planck-Institut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching), Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), National Astronomical Observatory of China, New Mexico State University, New York University, University of Notre Dame, Observatario Nacional/MCTI, The Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, United Kingdom Participation Group, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, University of Arizona, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Portsmouth, University of Utah, University of Virginia, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin, Vanderbilt University, Yale University and the french participation group. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the US Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and the Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey.; The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat Munchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, and Texas A&M University. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number AST-1138766. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2012-39559, ESP-2013-48274, FPA2013-47986, and Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa SEV-2012-0234. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We are grateful for the extraordinary contributions of our CTIO colleagues and the DECam Construction, Commissioning and Science Verification teams in achieving the excellent instrument and telescope conditions that have made this work possible. The success of this project also relies critically on the expertise and dedication of the DES Data Management group. This paper includes targets derived from the images of the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This paper has gone through internal review by the DES collaboration. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 592 AR A121 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201527377 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DX9NO UT WOS:000384722600039 ER PT J AU Cruz-Diaz, GA Martin-Domenech, R Caro, GMM Chen, YJ AF Cruz-Diaz, G. A. Martin-Domenech, R. Munoz Caro, G. M. Chen, Y. -J. TI Negligible photodesorption of methanol ice and active photon-induced desorption of its irradiation products SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ultraviolet: ISM; astrochemistry; ISM: molecules; methods: laboratory: molecular; molecular processes ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; VACUUM-UV SPECTROSCOPY; CO ICE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SOLID METHANOL; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; THERMAL-DESORPTION; INTERSTELLAR DUST; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; ELECTRON-IMPACT AB Context. Methanol is a common component of interstellar and circumstellar ice mantles and is often used as an evolution indicator in star-forming regions. The observations of gas-phase methanol in the interiors of dense molecular clouds at temperatures as low as 10 K suggest that non-thermal ice desorption must be active. Ice photodesorption has been proposed to explain the abundances of gas-phase molecules toward the coldest regions. Aims. Laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the potential photodesorption of methanol toward the coldest regions. Methods. Solid methanol was deposited at 8 K and UV-irradiated at various temperatures starting from 8 K. The irradiation of the ice was monitored by means of infrared spectroscopy and the molecules in the gas phase were detected using quadrupole mass spectroscopy. Fully deuterated methanol was used for confirmation of the results. Results. The photodesorption of methanol to the gas phase was not observed in the mass spectra at different irradiation temperatures. We estimate an upper limit of 3 x 10(-5) molecules per incident photon. On the other hand, photon-induced desorption of the main photoproducts was clearly observed. Conclusions. The negligible photodesorption of methanol could be explained by the ability of UV-photons in the 114-180 nm (10.87-6.88 eV) range to dissociate this molecule efficiently. Therefore, the presence of gas-phase methanol in the absence of thermal desorption remains unexplained. On the other hand, we find CH4 to desorb from irradiated methanol ice, which was not found to desorb in the pure CH4 ice irradiation experiments. C1 [Cruz-Diaz, G. A.; Martin-Domenech, R.; Munoz Caro, G. M.] INTA CSIC, Ctr Astrobiol, Carretera Ajalvir Km 4, Madrid 28850, Spain. [Cruz-Diaz, G. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Cruz-Diaz, G. A.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Chen, Y. -J.] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Jhongli 32054, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. RP Cruz-Diaz, GA (reprint author), INTA CSIC, Ctr Astrobiol, Carretera Ajalvir Km 4, Madrid 28850, Spain.; Cruz-Diaz, GA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA.; Cruz-Diaz, GA (reprint author), Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM gustavo.a.cruzdiaz@nasa.gov; munozcg@cab.inta-csic.es RI Munoz Caro, Guillermo /L-6370-2014; OI Munoz Caro, Guillermo /0000-0001-7003-7368; Cruz-Diaz, Gustavo Adolfo/0000-0003-2270-6103 FU Spanish MINECO [AYA2011-29375, AYA2014-60585-P]; CONSOLIDER grant [CSD2009-00038]; NSC [NSC99-2112-M-008-011-MY3, NSC99-2923-M-008-011-MY3]; NSF Planetary Astronomy Program [AST-1108898] FX This research was financed by the Spanish MINECO under project AYA2011-29375, AYA2014-60585-P, and CONSOLIDER grant CSD2009-00038. This work was partially supported by NSC grants NSC99-2112-M-008-011-MY3 and NSC99-2923-M-008-011-MY3, and the NSF Planetary Astronomy Program under Grant AST-1108898. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 592 AR A68 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201526761 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DX9NO UT WOS:000384722600010 ER PT J AU Davidsson, BJR Sierks, H Guttler, C Marzari, F Pajola, M Rickman, H A'Hearn, MF Auger, AT El-Maarry, MR Fornasier, S Gutierrez, PJ Keller, HU Massironi, M Snodgrass, C Vincent, JB Barbieri, C Lamy, PL Rodrigo, R Koschny, D Barucci, MA Bertaux, JL Bertini, I Cremonese, G Da Deppo, V Debei, S De Cecco, M Feller, C Fulle, M Groussin, O Hviid, SF Hofner, S Ip, WH Jorda, L Knollenberg, J Kovacs, G Kramm, JR Kuhrt, E Kuppers, M La Forgia, F Lara, LM Lazzarin, M Lopez Moreno, JJ Moissl-Fraund, R Mottola, S Naletto, G Oklay, N Thomas, N Tubiana, C AF Davidsson, B. J. R. Sierks, H. Guettler, C. Marzari, F. Pajola, M. Rickman, H. A'Hearn, M. F. Auger, A. -T. El-Maarry, M. R. Fornasier, S. Gutierrez, P. J. Keller, H. U. Massironi, M. Snodgrass, C. Vincent, J. -B. Barbieri, C. Lamy, P. L. Rodrigo, R. Koschny, D. Barucci, M. A. Bertaux, J. -L. Bertini, I. Cremonese, G. Da Deppo, V. Debei, S. De Cecco, M. Feller, C. Fulle, M. Groussin, O. Hviid, S. F. Hoefner, S. Ip, W. -H. Jorda, L. Knollenberg, J. Kovacs, G. Kramm, J. -R. Kuehrt, E. Kueppers, M. La Forgia, F. Lara, L. M. Lazzarin, M. Lopez Moreno, J. J. Moissl-Fraund, R. Mottola, S. Naletto, G. Oklay, N. Thomas, N. Tubiana, C. TI The primordial nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko; Kuiper belt: general; protoplanetary disks ID JUPITER-FAMILY COMETS; KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; TRANS-NEPTUNIAN REGION; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SHORT-PERIOD COMETS; GASEOUS PROTOPLANETARY DISK; SIZE-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION; SHORT-LIVED RADIOISOTOPES; NON-GRAVITATIONAL FORCES AB Context. We investigate the formation and evolution of comet nuclei and other trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) in the solar nebula and primordial disk prior to the giant planet orbit instability foreseen by the Nice model. Aims. Our goal is to determine whether most observed comet nuclei are primordial rubble-pile survivors that formed in the solar nebula and young primordial disk or collisional rubble piles formed later in the aftermath of catastrophic disruptions of larger parent bodies. We also propose a concurrent comet and TNO formation scenario that is consistent with observations. Methods. We used observations of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko by the ESA Rosetta spacecraft, particularly by the OSIRIS camera system, combined with data from the NASA Stardust sample-return mission to comet 81P/Wild 2 and from meteoritics; we also used existing observations from ground or from spacecraft of irregular satellites of the giant planets, Centaurs, and TNOs. We performed modeling of thermophysics, hydrostatics, orbit evolution, and collision physics. Results. We find that thermal processing due to short-lived radionuclides, combined with collisional processing during accretion in the primordial disk, creates a population of medium-sized bodies that are comparably dense, compacted, strong, heavily depleted in supervolatiles like CO and CO2; they contain little to no amorphous water ice, and have experienced extensive metasomatism and aqueous alteration due to liquid water. Irregular satellites Phoebe and Himalia are potential representatives of this population. Collisional rubble piles inherit these properties from their parents. Contrarily, comet nuclei have low density, high porosity, weak strength, are rich in supervolatiles, may contain amorphous water ice, and do not display convincing evidence of in situ metasomatism or aqueous alteration. We outline a comet formation scenario that starts in the solar nebula and ends in the primordial disk, that reproduces these observed properties, and additionally explains the presence of extensive layering on 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (and on 9P/Tempel 1 observed by Deep Impact), its bi-lobed shape, the extremely slow growth of comet nuclei as evidenced by recent radiometric dating, and the low collision probability that allows primordial nuclei to survive the age of the solar system. Conclusions. We conclude that observed comet nuclei are primordial rubble piles, and not collisional rubble piles. We argue that TNOs formed as a result of streaming instabilities at sizes below similar to 400 km and that similar to 350 of these grew slowly in a low-mass primordial disk to the size of Triton, Pluto, and Eris, causing little viscous stirring during growth. We thus propose a dynamically cold primordial disk, which prevented medium-sized TNOs from breaking into collisional rubble piles and allowed the survival of primordial rubble-pile comets. We argue that comets formed by hierarchical agglomeration out of material that remained after TNO formation, and that this slow growth was a necessity to avoid thermal processing by short-lived radionuclides that would lead to loss of supervolatiles, and that allowed comet nuclei to incorporate similar to 3 Myr old material from the inner solar system. C1 [Davidsson, B. J. R.; Rickman, H.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Davidsson, B. J. R.] Jet Prop Lab, MS 183-301,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Sierks, H.; Guettler, C.; A'Hearn, M. F.; Vincent, J. -B.; Hoefner, S.; Kovacs, G.; Kramm, J. -R.; Oklay, N.; Tubiana, C.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Justus von Liebig Weg 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Marzari, F.] Univ Padua, Dept Phys & Astron, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Pajola, M.; Massironi, M.; Bertini, I.] Univ Padua, Ctr Ateneo Studi & Attivita Spaziali Giuseppe Col, Via Venezia 15, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Rickman, H.] PAN Space Res Ctr, Bartycka 18A, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [A'Hearn, M. F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [A'Hearn, M. F.] Akad Wissensch Gottingen, Justus von Liebig Weg 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Auger, A. -T.; Groussin, O.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. [El-Maarry, M. R.; Thomas, N.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Fornasier, S.; Barucci, M. A.; Feller, C.] Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LESIA Observ Paris, 5 Pl J Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Gutierrez, P. J.; Lara, L. M.; Lopez Moreno, J. J.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, C Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Keller, H. U.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, IGEP, Mendelssohnstr 3, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Massironi, M.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Geosci, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Snodgrass, C.] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Planetary & Space Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Barbieri, C.] Univ Padua, Dept Phys & Astron, Vicolo Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Lamy, P. L.; Jorda, L.] CNRS, Lab Astrophys Marseille, UMR 7326, 38 Rue Frederic Joliot Curie, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Lamy, P. L.; Jorda, L.] Aix Marseille Univ, 38 Rue Frederic Joliot Curie, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Rodrigo, R.] CSIC INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, Madrid 28850, Spain. [Rodrigo, R.] Int Space Sci Inst, Hallerstr 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Koschny, D.] ESA, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Sci Support Off, Keplerlaan 1,Postbus 299, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Bertaux, J. -L.] CNRS UVSQ IPSL, LATMOS, 11 Blvd Alembert, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. [Cremonese, G.] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Da Deppo, V.] CNR IFN UOS Padova LUXOR, Via Trasea 7, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Debei, S.] Univ Padua, Dept Ind Engn, Via Venezia 1, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [De Cecco, M.] Univ Trento, Via Mesiano 77, I-38100 Trento, Italy. [Feller, C.] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Rue Elsa Morante, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Fulle, M.] INAF, Osservatorio Astron, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Hviid, S. F.; Knollenberg, J.; Kuehrt, E.; Mottola, S.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Planetenforsch, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Ip, W. -H.] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Astron, 300 Chung Da Rd, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Kueppers, M.; Mottola, S.] ESA, European Space Astron Ctr, Operat Dept, POB 78, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Naletto, G.] Univ Padua, Dept Informat Engn, Via Gradenigo 6-B, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Davidsson, BJR (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.; Davidsson, BJR (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, MS 183-301,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bjorn.davidsson@jp1.nasa.gov RI Naletto, Giampiero/S-6329-2016; Gutierrez, Pedro/K-9637-2014; OI Naletto, Giampiero/0000-0003-2007-3138; Gutierrez, Pedro/0000-0002-7332-6269; fulle, marco/0000-0001-8435-5287; Massironi, Matteo/0000-0002-7757-8818 FU national funding agency of Germany (DLR); national funding agency of France (CNES); national funding agency of Italy (ASI); national funding agency of Spain (MEC); national funding agency of Sweden (SNSB); national funding agency of ESA Technical Directorate FX We are grateful to Paul Weissman and an anonymous referee for their comments that substantially improved our paper. We thank Bastian Gundlach and Jurgen Blum for sharing unpublished results from their laboratory measurements. OSIRIS was built by a consortium led by the Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung, Gottingen, Germany, in collaboration with CISAS, University of Padova, Italy, the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, France, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, CSIC, Granada, Spain, the Scientific Support Office of the European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, the Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain, the Universidad Politechnica de Madrid, Spain, the Department of Physics and Astronomy of Uppsala University, Sweden, and the Institut fur Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze der Technischen Universitat Braunschweig, Germany. The support of the national funding agencies of Germany (DLR), France (CNES), Italy (ASI), Spain (MEC), Sweden (SNSB), and the ESA Technical Directorate is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the Rosetta Science Ground Segment at ESAC, the Rosetta Mission Operations Centre at ESOC, and the Rosetta Project at ESTEC for their outstanding work enabling the science return of the Rosetta Mission. NR 341 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 10 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 592 AR A63 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201526968 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DX9NO UT WOS:000384722600023 ER PT J AU Ferretti, R Amanullah, R Goobar, A Johansson, J Vreeswijk, PM Butler, RP Cao, Y Cenko, SB Doran, G Filippenko, AV Freeland, E Hosseinzadeh, G Howell, DA Lundqvist, P Mattila, S Nordin, J Nugent, PE Petrushevska, T Valenti, S Vogt, S Wozniak, P AF Ferretti, R. Amanullah, R. Goobar, A. Johansson, J. Vreeswijk, P. M. Butler, R. P. Cao, Y. Cenko, S. B. Doran, G. Filippenko, A. V. Freeland, E. Hosseinzadeh, G. Howell, D. A. Lundqvist, P. Mattila, S. Nordin, J. Nugent, P. E. Petrushevska, T. Valenti, S. Vogt, S. Wozniak, P. TI Time-varying sodium absorption in the Type Ia supernova 2013gh SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supernovae: general; supernovae: individual: SN 2013gh; dust; extinction; circumstellar matter; supernovae: individual: iPTF 13dge ID SN 2014J; CIRCUMSTELLAR MATERIAL; INFRARED-EMISSION; DUST EXTINCTION; RADIO-EMISSION; LIGHT CURVES; ULTRAVIOLET; TELESCOPE; M82; SPECTRA AB Context. Temporal variability of narrow absorption lines in high-resolution spectra of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is studied to search for circumstellar matter. Time series which resolve the profiles of absorption lines such as Na I D or Ca II H&K are expected to reveal variations due to photoionisation and subsequent recombination of the gases. The presence, composition, and geometry of circumstellar matter may hint at the elusive progenitor system of SNe Ia and could also affect the observed reddening law. Aims. To date, there are few known cases of time-varying Na I D absorption in SNe Ia, all of which occurred during relatively late phases of the supernova (SN) evolution. Photoionisation, however, is predicted to occur during the early phases of SNe Ia, when the supernovae peak in the ultraviolet. We attempt, therefore, to observe early-time absorption-line variations by obtaining high-resolution spectra of SNe before maximum light. Methods. We have obtained photometry and high-resolution spectroscopy of SNe Ia 2013gh and iPTF 13dge, to search for absorption-line variations. Furthermore, we study interstellar absorption features in relation to the observed photometric colours of the SNe. Results. Both SNe display deep Na I D and Ca II H&K absorption features. Furthermore, small but significant variations are detected in a feature of the Na I D profile of SN 2013gh. The variations are consistent with either geometric effects of rapidly moving or patchy gas clouds or photoionisation of Na I gas at R approximate to 10(19) cm from the explosion. Conclusions. Our analysis indicates that it is necessary to focus on early phases to detect photoionisation effects of gases in the circumstellar medium of SNe Ia. Different absorbers such as Na I and Ca II can be used to probe for matter at different distances from the SNe. The nondetection of variations during early phases makes it possible to put limits on the abundance of the species at those distances. C1 [Ferretti, R.; Amanullah, R.; Goobar, A.; Petrushevska, T.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10692 Stockholm, Sweden. [Johansson, J.; Vreeswijk, P. M.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys & Astrophys, IL-7610001 Rehovot, Israel. [Butler, R. P.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Cao, Y.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cenko, S. B.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Mail Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cenko, S. B.] Univ Maryland, Joint Space Sci Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Doran, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Filippenko, A. V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Freeland, E.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Hosseinzadeh, G.; Howell, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hosseinzadeh, G.; Howell, D. A.] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Dr,Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Mattila, S.] Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuorla Observ, Vaisalantie 20, Piikkio 21500, Finland. [Mattila, S.] Univ Turku, Finnish Ctr Astron ESO FINCA, Vaisalantie 20, Piikkio 21500, Finland. [Mattila, S.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Nordin, J.] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12589 Berlin, Germany. [Nugent, P. E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50B-4206, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Valenti, S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Vogt, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wozniak, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ferretti, R (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10692 Stockholm, Sweden. EM raphael.ferretti@fysik.su.se RI Butler, Robert/B-1125-2009; OI Hosseinzadeh, Griffin/0000-0002-0832-2974; Wozniak, Przemyslaw/0000-0002-9919-3310 FU Swedish Research Council; Swedish Space Board; US NSF [AST-1211916]; TABASGO Foundation; Christopher R. Redlich Fund; European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programme [091.D-0352(A)]; NASA's Astrophysics Data Analysis Program [NNX13AF35G]; W. M. Keck Foundation; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US Department of Energy as part of the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program FX We would like to thank Alexis Brandeker for assisting us with the UVES data, Jesper Sollerman for his helpful comments, and Daniela Vergani for sharing graphs of the VLA H I data. R.A. and A.G. acknowledge support from the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Space Board. The Oskar Klein Centre is funded by the Swedish Research Council. A.V.F.'s research was funded by US NSF grant AST-1211916, the TABASGO Foundation, and the Christopher R. Redlich Fund. This work is based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programme 091.D-0352(A). We made use of Swift/UVOT data reduced by P. J. Brown and released in the Swift Optical/Ultraviolet Supernova Archive (SOUSA). SOUSA is supported by NASA's Astrophysics Data Analysis Program through grant NNX13AF35G. This work is based on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, operated by the Nordic Optical Telescope Scientific Association at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain, of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. The data presented here were obtained in part with ALFOSC, which is provided by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA) under a joint agreement with the University of Copenhagen and NOTSA. This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and NASA; the Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognise and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community; we are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. LANL participation in iPTF was funded by the US Department of Energy as part of the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. A portion of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 592 AR A40 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201628351 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DX9NO UT WOS:000384722600108 ER PT J AU Iwasawa, K Fabian, AC Kara, E Reynolds, CS Miniutti, G Tombesi, F AF Iwasawa, K. Fabian, A. C. Kara, E. Reynolds, C. S. Miniutti, G. Tombesi, F. TI Highly ionized disc and transient outflows in the Seyfert galaxy IRAS 18325-5926 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: Seyfert; X-rays: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY REFLECTION; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; SHELL ABSORPTION-LINES; ULTRA-FAST OUTFLOWS; IRON K EMISSION; OPTICAL CLASSIFICATION; ACCRETION DISKS; QUASAR; PHOTOIONIZATION AB We report on strong X-ray variability and the Fe K-band spectrum of the Seyfert galaxy IRAS 18325-5926 obtained from the 2001 XMM-Newton EPIC pn observation with a duration of similar to 120 ks. While the X-ray source is highly variable, the 8-10 keV band shows larger variability than that of the lower energies. Amplified 8-10 keV flux variations are associated with two prominent flares of the X-ray source during the observation. The Fe K emission is peaked at 6.6 keV with moderate broadening. It is likely to originate from a highly ionized disc with an ionization parameter of log xi similar or equal to 3. The Fe K line flux responds to the main flare, which supports its disc origin. A short burst of the Fe line flux has no relation to the continuum brightness, for which we have no clear explanation. We also find transient, blueshifted Fe K absorption features that can be identified with high-velocity (similar to 0.2 c) outflows of highly ionized gas, as found in other active galaxies. The deepest absorption feature appears only briefly (similar to 1 h) at the onset of the main flare and disappears when the flare declines. The rapid evolution of the absorption spectrum makes this source peculiar among the active galaxies with high-velocity outflows. Another detection of the absorption feature also precedes the other flare. The variability of the absorption feature partly accounts for the excess variability in the 8-10 keV band where the absorption feature appears. Although no reverberation measurement is available, the black hole mass of similar to 2 x 10(6) M-circle dot is inferred from the X-ray variability. When this mass is assumed, the black hole is accreting at around the Eddington limit, which may fit the highly ionized disc and strong outflows observed in this galaxy. C1 [Iwasawa, K.] Univ Barcelona, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Cosmos ICCUB, Marti & Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Iwasawa, K.] ICREA, Pg Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain. [Fabian, A. C.; Kara, E.] Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Kara, E.; Reynolds, C. S.; Tombesi, F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Miniutti, G.] CSIC, INTA, ESAC, Ctr Astrobiol,Dept Astrofis, POB 78, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Tombesi, F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tombesi, F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Iwasawa, K (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Cosmos ICCUB, Marti & Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.; Iwasawa, K (reprint author), ICREA, Pg Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain. EM kazushi.iwasawa@icc.ub.edu RI Miniutti, Giovanni/L-2721-2014 OI Miniutti, Giovanni/0000-0003-0707-4531 FU Spanish MINECO [AYA2013-47447-C3-2-P]; ICCUB (Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu") [MDM-2014-0369] FX KI acknowledges support by the Spanish MINECO under grant AYA2013-47447-C3-2-P and MDM-2014-0369 of ICCUB (Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu"). NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 592 AR A98 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201528030 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DX9NO UT WOS:000384722600076 ER PT J AU Jaimes, RF Bramich, DM Kains, N Skottfelt, J Jorgensen, UG Horne, K Dominik, M Alsubai, KA Bozza, V Burgdorf, MJ Novati, SC Ciceri, S D'Ago, G Evans, DF Galianni, P Gu, SH Harpsoe, KBW Haugbolle, T Hinse, TC Hundertmark, M Juncher, D Kerins, E Korhonen, H Kuffmeier, M Mancini, L Peixinho, N Popovas, A Rabus, M Rahvar, S Scarpetta, G Schmidt, RW Snodgrass, C Southworth, J Starkey, D Street, RA Surdej, J Tronsgaar, R Unda-Sanzana, E von Essen, C Wang, XB Wertz, O AF Jaimes, R. Figuera Bramich, D. M. Kains, N. Skottfelt, J. Jorgensen, U. G. Horne, K. Dominik, M. Alsubai, K. A. Bozza, V. Burgdorf, M. J. Novati, S. Calchi Ciceri, S. D'Ago, G. Evans, D. F. Galianni, P. Gu, S. -H. Harpsoe, K. B. W. Haugbolle, T. Hinse, T. C. Hundertmark, M. Juncher, D. Kerins, E. Korhonen, H. Kuffmeier, M. Mancini, L. Peixinho, N. Popovas, A. Rabus, M. Rahvar, S. Scarpetta, G. Schmidt, R. W. Snodgrass, C. Southworth, J. Starkey, D. Street, R. A. Surdej, J. Tronsgaar, R. Unda-Sanzana, E. von Essen, C. Wang, X. -B. Wertz, O. CA MiNDSTEp Consortium TI Many new variable stars discovered in the core of the globular cluster NGC 6715 (M54) with EMCCD observations SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atmospheric effects; instrumentation: high angular resolution; globular clusters: individual: NGC 6715 (M54); methods: observational; stars: variables: general; stars: variables: RR Lyrae ID SAGITTARIUS DWARF GALAXY; RR-LYRAE VARIABLES; DIFFERENCE IMAGE-ANALYSIS; CROWDED CENTRAL REGION; SPHEROIDAL GALAXY; ACS SURVEY; OOSTERHOFF DICHOTOMY; DYNAMICAL MODELS; GALACTIC BULGE; BLACK-HOLE AB Context. We show the benefits of using electron-multiplying CCDs and the shift-and-add technique as a tool to minimise the effects of atmospheric turbulence, such as blending between stars in crowded fields, and to avoid saturated stars in the fields observed. We intend to complete, or improve on, the census of the variable star population in globular cluster NGC 6715. Aims. Our aim is to obtain high-precision time-series photometry of the very crowded central region of this stellar system via the collection of better angular resolution images than has been previously achieved with conventional CCDs on ground-based telescopes. Methods. Observations were carried out using the Danish 1.54-m telescope at the ESO La Silla observatory in Chile. The telescope is equipped with an electron-multiplying CCD that enables short-exposure-time images to be obtained (ten images per second) that were stacked using the shift-and-add technique to produce the normal-exposure-time images (minutes). The high precision photometry was performed via difference image analysis employing the DanDIA pipeline. We attempted automatic detection of variable stars in the field. Results. We statistically analysed the light curves of 1405 stars in the crowded central region of NGC 6715 to automatically identify the variable stars present in this cluster. We found light curves for 17 previously known variable stars near the edges of our reference image (16 RR Lyrae and 1 semi-regular) and we discovered 67 new variables (30 RR Lyrae, 21 irregular (long-period type), 3 semi-regular, 1 W Virginis, 1 eclipsing binary, and 11 unclassified). Photometric measurements for these stars are available in electronic form through the Strasbourg Astronomical Data Centre. C1 [Jaimes, R. Figuera; Horne, K.; Dominik, M.; Galianni, P.; Hundertmark, M.; Starkey, D.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Jaimes, R. Figuera] European Southern Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Bramich, D. M.; Alsubai, K. A.] HBKU, Qatar Fdn, QEERI, Doha, Qatar. [Skottfelt, J.] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Ctr Elect Imaging, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Skottfelt, J.; Jorgensen, U. G.; Harpsoe, K. B. W.; Haugbolle, T.; Hundertmark, M.; Juncher, D.; Korhonen, H.; Kuffmeier, M.; Popovas, A.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Oster Voldgade 5, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Skottfelt, J.; Jorgensen, U. G.; Haugbolle, T.; Hundertmark, M.; Juncher, D.; Korhonen, H.; Kuffmeier, M.; Popovas, A.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Star & Planet Format, Oster Voldgade 5, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Kains, N.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bozza, V.; Novati, S. Calchi; Scarpetta, G.] Univ Salerno, Dipartimento Fis ER Caianiello, Via Giovanni Paolo 2 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy. [Bozza, V.; Scarpetta, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Novati, S. Calchi] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, MS 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Novati, S. Calchi; Scarpetta, G.] IIASS, I-84019 Vietri Sul Mare, Italy. [Mancini, L.; Rabus, M.] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Gu, S. -H.; Wang, X. -B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Observ, Kunming 650011, Peoples R China. [Gu, S. -H.; Wang, X. -B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Struct & Evolut Celestial Objects, Kunming 650011, Peoples R China. [Hinse, T. C.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Daejeon 305348, South Korea. [Korhonen, H.] Univ Turku, Finnish Ctr Astron ESO FINCA, Vaisalantie 20, Piikkio 21500, Finland. [Rabus, M.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Inst Astrofis, Av Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile. [Rahvar, S.] Sharif Univ Technol, Dept Phys, POB 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran. [Schmidt, R. W.] Heidelberg Univ, Zentrum Astron, Astron Rechen Inst, Monchhofstr 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Snodgrass, C.] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Planetary & Space Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Snodgrass, C.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst, Justus von Liebig Weg 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Southworth, J.] Keele Univ, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Street, R. A.] Global Telescope Network, Las Cumbres Observ, 6740 Cortona Dr,Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Surdej, J.; Wertz, O.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Allee 6 Aout 9c, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Korhonen, H.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Juliane Manes Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Ciceri, S.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Burgdorf, M. J.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Peixinho, N.; Unda-Sanzana, E.] Univ Antofagasta, Fac Cs Bas, Unidad Astron, Av U Antofagasta, Antofagasta 02800, Chile. [Peixinho, N.] Univ Coimbra, Astron Observ, Ctr Earth & Space Sci Res, CITEUC 20, P-3040004 Coimbra, Portugal. [Kerins, E.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Ctr Astrophys, Jodrell Bank, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Tronsgaar, R.; von Essen, C.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Stellar Astrophys Ctr, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RP Jaimes, RF (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. EM robertofiguera@gmail.com RI Korhonen, Heidi/E-3065-2016; D'Ago, Giuseppe/N-8318-2016 OI Korhonen, Heidi/0000-0003-0529-1161; D'Ago, Giuseppe/0000-0001-9697-7331 FU Danish Natural Science Foundation (FNU); NPRP from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation) [X-019-1-006]; STFC [ST/M001296/1]; POR-FSE Campania; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council; Sapere Aude Starting Grant from the Danish Council for Independent Research; Danish National Research Foundation; Korea Research Council of Fundamental Science & Technology (KRCF) via the KRCF Young Scientist Research Fellowship; KASI [2013-9-400-00, 2014-1-400-06, 2015-1-850-04]; Gemini-Conicyt Fund [32120036]; Portuguese FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology; European Social Fund [SFRH/BGCT/113686/2015]; National Funds through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology [UID/Multi/00611/2013]; FEDER - European Regional Development Fund through COMPETE - Operational Programme Competitiveness and Internationalisation [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006922]; Communaute francaise de Belgique - Actions de recherche concertees - Academie Wallonie-Europe FX Our thanks go to Christine Clement for clarifying the known variable star content in NGC 6715 and the numbering systems of the variable stars while we were working on these clusters. This support to the astronomical community is very much appreciated. The Danish 1.54 m telescope is operated based on a grant from the Danish Natural Science Foundation (FNU). This publication was made possible by NPRP grant # X-019-1-006 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. K.H. acknowledges support from STFC grant ST/M001296/1. G.D. acknowledges Regione Campania for support from POR-FSE Campania 2014-2020. D.F.E. is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. T.H. is supported by a Sapere Aude Starting Grant from the Danish Council for Independent Research. Research at Centre for Star and Planet Formation is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation. T.C.H. acknowledges support from the Korea Research Council of Fundamental Science & Technology (KRCF) via the KRCF Young Scientist Research Fellowship. Programme and for financial support from KASI travel grant number 2013-9-400-00, 2014-1-400-06 & 2015-1-850-04. N.P. acknowledges funding by the Gemini-Conicyt Fund, allocated to project No. 32120036 and by the Portuguese FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology and the European Social Fund (ref: SFRH/BGCT/113686/2015). CITEUC is funded by National Funds through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology (project: UID/Multi/00611/2013) and FEDER - European Regional Development Fund through COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme Competitiveness and Internationalisation (project: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006922). OW and J. Surdej acknowledge support from the Communaute francaise de Belgique - Actions de recherche concertees - Academie Wallonie-Europe. This work has made extensive use of the ADS and SIMBAD services, for which we are thankful. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 592 AR A120 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201628864 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DX9NO UT WOS:000384722600165 ER PT J AU Pajola, M Lucchetti, A Vincent, JB Oklay, N El-Maarry, MR Bertini, I Naletto, G Lazzarin, M Massironi, M Sierks, H Barbieri, C Lamy, P Rodrigo, R Koschny, D Rickman, H Keller, HU Agarwal, J A'Hearn, MF Barucci, MA Bertaux, JL Boudreault, S Cremonese, G Da Deppo, V Davidsson, B Debei, S De Cecco, M Deller, J Fornasier, S Fulle, M Gicquel, A Groussin, O Gutierrez, PJ Guttler, C Hofmann, M Hofner, S Hviid, SF Ip, WH Jorda, L Knollenberg, J Kramm, JR Kuhrt, E Kuppers, M La Forgia, F Lara, LM Lee, JC Lin, ZY Moreno, JJL Marzari, F Michalik, H Mottola, S Preusker, F Scholten, F Thomas, N Toth, I Tubiana, C AF Pajola, Maurizio Lucchetti, Alice Vincent, Jean-Baptiste Oklay, Nilda El-Maarry, Mohamed R. Bertini, Ivano Naletto, Giampiero Lazzarin, Monica Massironi, Matteo Sierks, Holger Barbieri, Cesare Lamy, Philippe Rodrigo, Rafael Koschny, Detlef Rickman, Hans Keller, Horst U. Agarwal, Jessica A'Hearn, Michael F. Barucci, Maria A. Bertaux, Jean-Loup Boudreault, Steve Cremonese, Gabriele Da Deppo, Vania Davidsson, Bjorn Debei, Stefano De Cecco, Mariolino Deller, Jakob Fornasier, Sonia Fulle, Marco Gicquel, Adeline Groussin, Olivier Gutierrez, Pedro J. Guetler, Carsten Hofmann, Marc Hoefner, Sebastian Hviid, Stubbe F. Ip, Wing-Huen Jorda, Laurent Knollenberg, Joerg Kramm, J. -Rainer Kuehrt, Ekkehard Kuppers, Michael La Forgia, Fiorangela Lara, Luisa M. Lee, Jui-Chi Lin, Zhong-Yi Lopez Moreno, Jose J. Marzari, Francesco Michalik, Harald Mottola, Stefano Preusker, Frank Scholten, Frank Thomas, Nicholas Toth, Imre Tubiana, Cecilia TI The southern hemisphere of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: Analysis of the preperihelion size-frequency distribution of boulders >= 7m SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE comets: general; comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko; methods: data analysis ID COMET 67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO; EJECTA BLOCKS; OSIRIS; EROSION; SURFACE; CRATER; MOON AB Aims. We calculate the size-frequency distribution of the boulders on the southern hemisphere of comet 67P Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P), which was in shadow before the end of April 2015. We compare the new results with those derived from the northern hemisphere and equatorial regions of 67P, highlighting the possible physical processes that lead to these boulder size distributions. Methods. We used images acquired by the OSIRIS Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) on 2 May 2015 at a distance of 125 km from the nucleus. The scale of this dataset is 2.3 m/px; the high resolution of the images, coupled with the favorable observation phase angle of 62 degrees, provided the possibility to unambiguously identify boulders >= 7 m on the surface of 67P and to manually extract them with the software ArcGIS. We derived the size-frequency distribution of the illuminated southern hemisphere. Results. We found a power-law index of -3.6 +/- 0.2 for the boulders on the southern hemisphere with a diameter range of 7-35 m. The power-law index is equal to the one previously found on northern and equatorial regions of 67P, suggesting that similar boulder formation processes occur in both hemispheres. The power-law index is related to gravitational events triggered by sublimation and/or thermal fracturing causing regressive erosion. In addition, the presence of a larger number of boulders per km(2) in the southern hemisphere, which is a factor of 3 higher with respect to the northern hemisphere, suggests that the southernmost terrains of 67P are affected by a stronger thermal fracturing and sublimating activity, hence possibly causing larger regressive erosion and gravitational events. C1 [Pajola, Maurizio] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Pajola, Maurizio; Bertini, Ivano; Naletto, Giampiero; Barbieri, Cesare] Univ Padua, CISAS, Ctr Studies & Act Space, Via Venezia 15, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Lucchetti, Alice; Cremonese, Gabriele] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Padova, Vic Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Vincent, Jean-Baptiste; Oklay, Nilda; Sierks, Holger; Agarwal, Jessica; Boudreault, Steve; Deller, Jakob; Gicquel, Adeline; Guetler, Carsten; Hofmann, Marc; Hoefner, Sebastian; Kramm, J. -Rainer; Tubiana, Cecilia] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Justus von Liebig Weg 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [El-Maarry, Mohamed R.; Thomas, Nicholas] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Naletto, Giampiero] Univ Padua, Dept Informat Engn, Via Gradenigo 6-B, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Naletto, Giampiero; Da Deppo, Vania] CNR IFN UOS Padova LUXOR, Via Trasea 7, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Lazzarin, Monica; Barbieri, Cesare; La Forgia, Fiorangela; Marzari, Francesco] Univ Padua, Dept Phys & Astron G Galilei, Vic Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Massironi, Matteo] Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, Via G Gradenigo 6, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Lamy, Philippe; Jorda, Laurent; Toth, Imre] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Rodrigo, Rafael] CSIC INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, Madrid 28850, Spain. [Rodrigo, Rafael] Int Space Sci Inst, Hallerstr 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Koschny, Detlef] European Space Res & Technol Ctr ESA, Sci Support Off, Keplerlaan 1,Postbus 299, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk ZH, Netherlands. [Rickman, Hans] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Rickman, Hans] PAS Space Reserch Ctr, Bartycka 18A, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Keller, Horst U.] TU Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterrestrial Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [A'Hearn, Michael F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Barucci, Maria A.; Fornasier, Sonia] Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LESIA Observ Paris, 5 Pl J Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Barucci, Maria A.; Fornasier, Sonia] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Rue Elsa Morante, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Bertaux, Jean-Loup] CNRS UVSQ IPSL, LATMOS, 11 Blvd Alembert, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. [Davidsson, Bjorn] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Debei, Stefano] Univ Padua, Dept Mech Engn, Via Venezia 1, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [De Cecco, Mariolino] Univ Trento, UNITN, Via Mesiano 77, I-38100 Trento, Italy. [Fulle, Marco] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Gutierrez, Pedro J.; Lara, Luisa M.; Lopez Moreno, Jose J.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Glorieta Astron, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Hviid, Stubbe F.; Knollenberg, Joerg; Kuehrt, Ekkehard; Mottola, Stefano; Preusker, Frank; Scholten, Frank] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Planetenforsch, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Ip, Wing-Huen; Lee, Jui-Chi; Lin, Zhong-Yi] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Kuppers, Michael] ESA, European Space Astron Ctr, Operat Dept, POB 78, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Michalik, Harald] TU Braunschweig, Inst Datentech & Kommunikat Snetze, Hans Sommer Str 66, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Toth, Imre] Hungarian Acad Sci, Observ, POB 67, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. RP Pajola, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; Pajola, M (reprint author), Univ Padua, CISAS, Ctr Studies & Act Space, Via Venezia 15, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM maurizio.pajola@nasa.gov RI Naletto, Giampiero/S-6329-2016; Gutierrez, Pedro/K-9637-2014; OI Naletto, Giampiero/0000-0003-2007-3138; Gutierrez, Pedro/0000-0002-7332-6269; fulle, marco/0000-0001-8435-5287; Massironi, Matteo/0000-0002-7757-8818 FU Germany (DLR); Italy (ASI); France (CNES); Spain (MEC); Sweden (SNSB); ESA Technical Directorate; NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Ames Research Center FX We would like to thank the anonymous referee for constructive comments, suggestions, and corrections that led to an important improvement of the paper. OSIRIS was built by a consortium of the Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung, in Gottingen, Germany, CISAS-University of Padova, Italy, the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, France, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, CSIC, Granada, Spain, the Research and Scientific Support Department of the European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, the Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain, the Universidad Politechnica de Madrid, Spain, the Department of Physics and Astronomy of Uppsala University, Sweden, and the Institut fur Datentechnik and Kommunikationsnetze der Technischen Universitat Braunschweig, Germany. The support of the national funding agencies of Germany (DLR), Italy (ASI), France (CNES), Spain (MEC), Sweden (SNSB), and the ESA Technical Directorate is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the ESA teams at ESAC, ESOC and ESTEC for their work in support of the Rosetta mission. M. Pajola was supported for this research in part by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Ames Research Center administered by Universities Space Research Association (USRA) through a contract with NASA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 592 AR L2 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201628887 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DX9NO UT WOS:000384722600168 ER PT J AU Pajola, M Oklay, N La Forgia, F Giacomini, L Massironi, M Bertini, I El-Maarry, MR Marzari, F Preusker, F Scholten, F Hofner, S Lee, JC Vincent, JB Groussin, O Naletto, G Lazzarin, M Barbieri, C Sierks, H Lamy, P Rodrigo, R Koschny, D Rickman, H Keller, HU Agarwal, J A'Hearn, MF Barucci, MA Bertaux, JL Cremonese, G Da Deppoll, V Davidsson, B De Cecco, M Debei, S Ferri, F Fornasier, S Fulle, M Guttler, C Gutierrez, PJ Hviid, SF Ip, WH Jorda, L Knollenberg, J Kramm, JR Kuppers, M Kurt, E Lara, LM Lin, ZY Lopez Moreno, JJ Magrin, S Michalik, H Mottola, S Thomas, N Tubiana, C AF Pajola, Maurizio Oklay, Nilda La Forgia, Fiorangela Giacomini, Lorenza Massironi, Matteo Bertini, Ivano El-Maarry, M. R. Marzari, Francesco Preusker, Frank Scholten, Frank Hoefner, Sebastian Lee, Jui-Chi Vincent, Jean-Baptiste Groussin, Olivier Naletto, Giampiero Lazzarin, Monica Barbieri, Cesare Sierks, Holger Lamy, Philippe Rodrigo, Rafael Koschny, Detlef Rickman, Hans Keller, Horst U. Agarwal, Jessica A'Hearn, Michael F. Barucci, Maria A. Bertaux, Jean-Loup Cremonese, Gabriele Da Deppoll, Vania Davidsson, Bjoern De Cecco, Mariolino Debei, Stefano Ferri, Francesca Fornasier, Sonia Fulle, Marco Guettler, Carsten Gutierrez, Pedro J. Hviid, Stubbe F. Ip, Wing-Huen Jorda, Laurent Knollenberg, Joerg Kramm, J. -Rainer Kueppers, Michael Kuert, Ekkehard Lara, Luisa M. Lin, Zhong-Yi Lopez Moreno, Jose J. Magrin, Sara Michalik, Harald Mottola, Stefano Thomas, Nicholas Tubiana, Cecilia TI Aswan site on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: Morphology, boulder evolution, and spectrophotometry SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE comets: general; comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko; methods: data analysis ID OSIRIS OBSERVATIONS; LANDING SITE; ROSETTA; GEOMORPHOLOGY; NUCLEUS; SURFACE; REGION; SHAPE; ICE; 67P AB Aims. We provide a detailed morphological analysis of the Aswan site on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P). We derive the size-frequency distribution of boulders >= 2 m and correlate this distribution with the gravitational slopes for the first time on a comet. We perform the spectral analysis of this region to understand if possible surface variegation is related to the different surface textures observable on the different units. Methods. We used two OSIRIS Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) image data sets acquired on September 19 and 22, 2014, with a scale of 0.5 m/px. Gravitational slopes derived from the 3D shape model of 67P were used to identify and interpret the different units of the site. By means of the high-resolution NAC data sets, boulders >= 2.0 m can be unambiguously identified and extracted using the software ArcGIS. Coregistered and photometrically corrected color cubes were used to perform the spectral analyses, and we retrieved the spectral properties of the Aswan units. Results. The high-resolution morphological map of the Aswan site (0.68 km(2)) shows that this site is characterized by four different units: fine-particle deposits located on layered terrains, gravitational accumulation deposits, taluses, and the outcropping layered terrain. Multiple lineaments are identified on the Aswan cliff, such as fractures, exposed layered outcrops, niches, and terraces. Close to the terrace margin, several arched features observed in plan view suggest that the margin progressively retreats as a result of erosion. The size-frequency of boulders >= 2 m in the entire study area has a power-law index of -3.9 +0.2/-0.3 (1499 boulders >= 2 m/km(2)), suggesting that the Aswan site is mainly dominated by gravitational events triggered by sublimation and/or thermal insolation weathering causing regressive erosion. The boulder size-frequency distribution versus gravitational slopes indicates that when higher gravitational slope terrains are considered, only boulders <= 10 m are identified, as well as steeper power-slope indices. In addition, no boulders >= 2 m are observed on slopes >= 50 degrees. This may indicate that larger blocks detached from a sublimating cliff cannot rest at these slopes and consequently fall down. The spectral analysis performed on the site shows that despite different morphologic units, no spectral differences appear in the multiple textures. This may confirm a redistribution of particles across the nucleus as a consequence of airfall, whether coming from Hapi or from the southern hemisphere when it is active during perihelion. C1 [Pajola, Maurizio; Bertini, Ivano; Ferri, Francesca] G Colombo Univ Padova, CISAS, Ctr Studies & Act Space, Via Venezia 15, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Pajola, Maurizio] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Oklay, Nilda; Vincent, Jean-Baptiste; Sierks, Holger; Agarwal, Jessica; Guettler, Carsten; Kramm, J. -Rainer; Tubiana, Cecilia] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Justus Von Liebig Weg 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [La Forgia, Fiorangela; Marzari, Francesco; Lazzarin, Monica; Barbieri, Cesare; Magrin, Sara] G Galilei Univ Padova, Dept Phys & Astron, Vic Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Giacomini, Lorenza; Massironi, Matteo] Univ Padua, Geosci Dept, Via G Gradenigo 6, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [El-Maarry, M. R.; Thomas, Nicholas] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Preusker, Frank; Scholten, Frank; Knollenberg, Joerg] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Planetenforsch, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Lee, Jui-Chi; Lin, Zhong-Yi] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Groussin, Olivier; Lamy, Philippe; Jorda, Laurent] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Naletto, Giampiero] Univ Padua, Dept Informat Engn, Via Gradenigo 6-B, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Naletto, Giampiero; Da Deppoll, Vania] CNR IFN UOS Padova LUXOR, Via Trasea 7, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Rodrigo, Rafael] CSIC INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, Madrid 28850, Spain. [Rodrigo, Rafael] Int Space Sci Inst, Hallerstr 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Koschny, Detlef] European Space Res & Technol Ctr ESA, Sci Support Off, Keplerlaan 1,Postbus 299, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Rickman, Hans] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Rickman, Hans] PAS Space Reserch Ctr, Bartycka 18A, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Keller, Horst U.] TU Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [A'Hearn, Michael F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Barucci, Maria A.] Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, LESIA Observ Paris, 5 Pl J Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Barucci, Maria A.] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Rue Elsa Morante, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Bertaux, Jean-Loup] CNRS UVSQ IPSL, LATMOS, 11 Blvd Alembert, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. [Cremonese, Gabriele] INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, Vic Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Davidsson, Bjoern] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [De Cecco, Mariolino] Univ Trento, UNITN, Via Mesiano 77, I-38100 Trento, Italy. [Debei, Stefano] Univ Padua, Dept Mech Engn, Via Venezia 1, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Fulle, Marco] INAF Osservatorio Astron Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Gutierrez, Pedro J.; Lara, Luisa M.; Lopez Moreno, Jose J.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Glorieta Astron, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Kueppers, Michael] ESA, European Space Astron Ctr, Operat Dept, POB 78, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Michalik, Harald] TU Braunschweig, Inst Datentech & Kommunikationsnetze, Hans Sommer Str 66, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Pajola, M (reprint author), G Colombo Univ Padova, CISAS, Ctr Studies & Act Space, Via Venezia 15, I-35131 Padua, Italy.; Pajola, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RI Naletto, Giampiero/S-6329-2016; Gutierrez, Pedro/K-9637-2014; OI Naletto, Giampiero/0000-0003-2007-3138; Gutierrez, Pedro/0000-0002-7332-6269; fulle, marco/0000-0001-8435-5287; Massironi, Matteo/0000-0002-7757-8818 FU Germany (DLR); Italy (ASI); France (CNES); Spain (MEC); Sweden (SNSB); ESA Technical Directorate; Rosetta mission; NASA FX We would like to thank the referee R. Aileen Yingst for important and constructive comments, suggestions, and corrections that led to a substantial improvement of the paper. OSIRIS was built by a consortium of the Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung, in Gottingen, Germany, CISAS-University of Padova, Italy, the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, France, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, CSIC, Granada, Spain, the Research and Scientific Support Department of the European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, the Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain, the Universidad Politechnica de Madrid, Spain, the Department of Physics and Astronomy of Uppsala University, Sweden, and the Institut fur Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze der Technischen Universitat Braunschweig, Germany. The support of the national funding agencies of Germany (DLR), Italy (ASI), France (CNES), Spain (MEC), Sweden (SNSB), and the ESA Technical Directorate is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the ESA teams at ESAC, ESOC and ESTEC for their work in support of the Rosetta mission. We made use of the software Arcgis 10.2 together with the softwares IDL, Matlab, and R to perform our analysis. This research has made use of the USGS Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS). We gratefully acknowledge the developers of SPICE and NAIF/PDS resources. M. Pajola was supported for this research in part by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Ames Research Center administered by Universities Space Research Association (USRA) through a contract with NASA. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 592 AR A69 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201527865 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DX9NO UT WOS:000384722600063 ER PT J AU Pierre, M Pacaud, F Adami, C Alis, S Altieri, B Baran, N Benoist, C Birkinshaw, M Bongiorno, A Bremer, MN Brusa, M Butler, A Ciliegi, P Chiappetti, L Clerc, N Corasaniti, PS Coupon, J De Breuck, C Democles, J Desai, S Delhaize, J Devriendt, J Dubois, Y Eckert, D Elyiv, A Ettori, S Evrard, A Faccioli, L Farahi, A Ferrari, C Finet, E Fotopoulou, S Fourmanoit, N Gandhi, P Gastaldello, E Gastaud, R Georgantopoulos, I Giles, P Guennou, L Guglielmo, V Horellou, C Husband, K Huynh, M Lovino, A Kilbinger, M Koulouridis, E Lavoie, S Le Brun, AMC Le Fevre, JP Lidman, C Lieu, M Lin, CA Mantz, A Maughan, BJ Maurogordato, S McCarthy, IG McGee, S Melin, JB Melnyk, O Menanteau, F Novak, M Paltani, S Plionis, M Poggianti, BM Pomarede, D Pompei, E Ponman, TJ Ramos-Ceja, ME Ranalli, P Rapetti, D Raychaudury, S Reiprich, TH Rottgering, H Rozo, E Rykoff, E Sadibekova, T Santos, J Sauvageot, JL Schimd, C Sereno, M Smith, GP Smolcic, V Snowden, S Spergel, D Stanford, S Surdej, J Valageas, P Valotti, A Valtchanov, I Vignali, C Willis, J Ziparo, F AF Pierre, M. Pacaud, F. Adami, C. Alis, S. Altieri, B. Baran, N. Benoist, C. Birkinshaw, M. Bongiorno, A. Bremer, M. N. Brusa, M. Butler, A. Ciliegi, P. Chiappetti, L. Clerc, N. Corasaniti, P. S. Coupon, J. De Breuck, C. Democles, J. Desai, S. Delhaize, J. Devriendt, J. Dubois, Y. Eckert, D. Elyiv, A. Ettori, S. Evrard, A. Faccioli, L. Farahi, A. Ferrari, C. Finet, E. Fotopoulou, S. Fourmanoit, N. Gandhi, P. Gastaldello, E. Gastaud, R. Georgantopoulos, I. Giles, P. Guennou, L. Guglielmo, V. Horellou, C. Husband, K. Huynh, M. Lovino, A. Kilbinger, M. Koulouridis, E. Lavoie, S. Le Brun, A. M. C. Le Fevre, J. P. Lidman, C. Lieu, M. Lin, C. A. Mantz, A. Maughan, B. J. Maurogordato, S. McCarthy, I. G. McGee, S. Melin, J. B. Melnyk, O. Menanteau, F. Novak, M. Paltani, S. Plionis, M. Poggianti, B. M. Pomarede, D. Pompei, E. Ponman, T. J. Ramos-Ceja, M. E. Ranalli, P. Rapetti, D. Raychaudury, S. Reiprich, T. H. Rottgering, H. Rozo, E. Rykoff, E. Sadibekova, T. Santos, J. Sauvageot, J. L. Schimd, C. Sereno, M. Smith, G. P. Smolcic, V. Snowden, S. Spergel, D. Stanford, S. Surdej, J. Valageas, P. Valotti, A. Valtchanov, I. Vignali, C. Willis, J. Ziparo, F. TI The XXL Survey I. Scientific motivations - XMM-Newton observing plan - Follow-up observations and simulation programme SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-rays: general; large-scale structure of Universe; X-rays: galaxies: clusters; surveys ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SCALE STRUCTURE SURVEY; X-RAY SOURCES; CHARGE-EXCHANGE EMISSION; POINT-LIKE SOURCES; WIDE-FIELD SURVEY; DEEP SURVEY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; GALAXY CLUSTERS; POWER SPECTRUM AB Context. The quest for the cosmological parameters that describe our universe continues to motivate the scientific community to undertake very large survey initiatives across the electromagnetic spectrum. Over the past two decades, the Chandra and XMM-Newton observatories have supported numerous studies of X-ray-selected clusters of galaxies, active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and the X-ray background. The present paper is the first in a series reporting results of the XXL-XMM survey; it comes at a time when the Planck mission results are being finalised. Aims. We present the XXL Survey, the largest XMM programme totaling some 6.9 Ms to date and involving an international consortium of roughly 100 members. The XXL Survey covers two extragalactic areas of 25 deg(2) each at a point-source sensitivity of similar to 5 x 10(-15) erg s(-1) cm(-2) in the [0.5-2] keV band (completeness limit). The survey's main goals are to provide constraints on the dark energy equation of state from the space-time distribution of clusters of galaxies and to serve as a pathfinder for future, wide-area X-ray missions. We review science objectives, including cluster studies, AGN evolution, and large-scale structure, that are being conducted with the support of approximately 30 follow-up programmes. Methods. We describe the 542 XMM observations along with the associated multi-lambda and numerical simulation programmes. We give a detailed account of the X-ray processing steps and describe innovative tools being developed for the cosmological analysis. Results. The paper provides a thorough evaluation of the X-ray data, including quality controls, photon statistics, exposure and background maps, and sky coverage. Source catalogue construction and multi-lambda associations are briefly described. This material will be the basis for the calculation of the cluster and AGN selection functions, critical elements of the cosmological and science analyses. Conclusions. The XXL multi-lambda data set will have a unique lasting legacy value for cosmological and extragalactic studies and will serve as a calibration resource for future dark energy studies with clusters and other X-ray selected sources. With the present article, we release the XMM XXL photon and smoothed images along with the corresponding exposure maps. C1 [Pierre, M.; Lin, C. A.; Sadibekova, T.; Valageas, P.] CEA Saclay, DSM IRFU SAp, Serv Astrophys AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Pacaud, F.; Ramos-Ceja, M. E.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Adami, C.; Schimd, C.] Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Alis, S.; Benoist, C.; Ferrari, C.; Maurogordato, S.] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Observ Cote Azur, Lab Lagrange, UMR 7293, F-06304 Nice, France. [Alis, S.] Istanbul Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Astron & Space Sci, TR-34119 Istanbul, Turkey. [Altieri, B.] European Space Astron Ctr ESA ESAC, Operat Dept, Madrid, Spain. [Birkinshaw, M.; Bremer, M. N.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Bongiorno, A.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Brusa, M.; Sereno, M.; Vignali, C.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Viale Berti Pichat 6-2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Clerc, N.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ciliegi, P.; Elyiv, A.; Ettori, S.; Sereno, M.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Bologna, Via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Chiappetti, L.] IASF Milano, INAF, Via Bassini 15, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Corasaniti, P. S.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, LUTh, Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France. [De Breuck, C.] European Southern Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Democles, J.; Lieu, M.; Ziparo, F.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Desai, S.] Univ Munich, D-80539 Munich, Germany. [Devriendt, J.] Univ Oxford, Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Dubois, Y.] UPMC, Sorbonne Univ, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR 7095, F-75005 Paris, France. [Dubois, Y.] CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR 7095, 98bis Blvd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France. [Eckert, D.; Fotopoulou, S.; Fourmanoit, N.] Univ Geneva, Dept Astron, Ch Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Evrard, A.; Farahi, A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Evrard, A.; Farahi, A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Evrard, A.; Farahi, A.] Univ Michigan, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Finet, E.] Univ Liege, Extragalact Astrophys & Space Observat AEOS, Allee 6 Aout,17 Sart Tilman,Bat B5c, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Gandhi, P.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, S Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Georgantopoulos, I.] IAASARS, Natl Observ Athens, Penteli 15236, Greece. [Guennou, L.] Univ Kwazulu Natal, Pretoria, South Africa. [Horellou, C.] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Technol Onsala Space Observ, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden. [Huynh, M.] Univ Western Australia, Int Ctr Radio Astron Res, M468, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Lovino, A.] INAF OAB, Brera, Italy. [Lavoie, S.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Le Brun, A. M. C.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, Merseyside, England. [Le Fevre, J. P.] CEA Saclay, DSM IRFU SEDI, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Lidman, C.] Australian Astron Observ, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia. [Mantz, A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Melin, J. B.] CEA Saclay, DSM IRFU SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Melnyk, O.] Tares Shevshenko Natl Univ, Astron Observ, Kiev, Ukraine. [Menanteau, F.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Plionis, M.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Poggianti, B. M.] INAF Astron Observ, Padua, Italy. [Pompei, E.] European Southern Observ, Alonso Cordova 3107, Santiago, Chile. [Rapetti, D.] Univ Copenhagen, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Niels Bohr Inst, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Raychaudury, S.] Presidency Univ, Fac Nat & Math Sci, Dept Phys, 86-1 Coll St, Kolkata 700073, India. [Rottgering, H.] Leiden Observ, Leiden, Netherlands. [Rozo, E.; Rykoff, E.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Novak, M.; Smolcic, V.] Univ Zagreb, Dept Phys, Bijenicka Cesta 32, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Snowden, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Spergel, D.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Stanford, S.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Valageas, P.] CEA, Inst Phys Theor, Saclay, France. [Finet, E.] Aryabhatta Res Inst Observat Sci ARIES, Nainita 263129, Uttarakhand, India. [Ettori, S.] INFN, Sez Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6-2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Plionis, M.] Inst Nacl Astrofis Ospt & Elect, AP 51 216, Puebla 72000, Mexico. [Santos, J.] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Guennou, L.] Univ Paris 11, IAS, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Pierre, M (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DSM IRFU SAp, Serv Astrophys AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM mpierre@cea.fr RI Koulouridis, Elias/C-4731-2014; Ranalli, Piero/K-6363-2013; OI Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534; De Breuck, Carlos/0000-0002-6637-3315; Ranalli, Piero/0000-0003-3956-755X; Ramos Ceja, Miriam Elizabeth/0000-0002-9117-3251; Gastaldello, Fabio/0000-0002-9112-0184; Eckert, Dominique/0000-0001-7917-3892 FU BMBF/DLR [50 OR 1117]; DfG [Transregio Programme TR33]; European Union [333654, 337595, 321913]; ASI-INAF [I/009/10/0]; International Programme for Scientific Cooperation CNRS-INAF PICS; German Research Association (DFG) [RE 1462/5, RE 1462/6] FX XXL is an international project based around an XMM Very Large Programme surveying two 25 deg2 extragalactic fields at a depth of similar to 5 x 10-15 erg s-1 cm-2 in [0.5-2] keV. The XXL website is http://irfu.cea.fr/xxl. Multiband information and spectroscopic follow-up of the X-ray sources are obtained through a number of survey programmes, summarised at http://xxlmultiwave.pbworks.com/. The Saclay group thanks the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) for long-term support. F.P. thanks BMBF/DLR for grant 50 OR 1117. F.P. and M.E. R.-C. thank the DfG for Transregio Programme TR33. V.S acknowledges support from the European Union's Seventh Frame-work program under grant agreement 333654 (CIG, "AGN feedback") and grant agreement 337595 (ERC Starting Grant, "CoSMass"). S.E. acknowledges a contribution from contracts ASI-INAF I/009/10/0 and PRIN-INAF 2012. The French and Italian groups acknowledge support from the International Programme for Scientific Cooperation CNRS-INAF PICS 2012. T.H.R. thanks the German Research Association (DFG) for Heisenberg grant RE 1462/5 and grant RE 1462/6. D.R. thanks the Danish National Research Foundation. M.B. thanks the European Union's FP7 for grant agreement 321913 (CIG, "SMBH evolution through cosmic time"). A.E. thanks the US DOE and acknowledges sabbatical support from Institut d'Astrophysique, Paris. M.E. R.-C. is a member of the International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Universities of Bonn and Cologne. The authors thank A. K. Romer, the referee, for useful comments on the manuscript. NR 100 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 6 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 592 AR A1 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201526766 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DX9NO UT WOS:000384722600011 ER PT J AU Roth, M Doerr, HP Hartlep, T AF Roth, M. Doerr, H. -P. Hartlep, T. TI Verification of the helioseismic Fourier-Legendre analysis for meridional flow measurements SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun: helioseismology; methods: data analysis; Sun: oscillations; Sun: interior ID TIME-DISTANCE HELIOSEISMOLOGY; RING-DIAGRAM ANALYSIS; UPPER CONVECTION ZONE; TORSIONAL OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION; SUN; INVERSION; CELLS; STATE AB Context. Measuring the Sun's internal meridional flow is one of the key issues of helioseismology. Using the Fourier-Legendre analysis is a technique for addressing this problem. Aims. We validate this technique with the help of artificial helioseismic data. Methods. The analysed data set was obtained by numerically simulating the e ff ect of the meridional flow on the seismic wave field in the full volume of the Sun. In this way, a 51.2-h long time series was generated. The resulting surface velocity field is then analyzed in various settings: Two 360 degrees x 90 degrees halfspheres, two 120 degrees x 60 degrees patches on the front and farside of the Sun (North and South, respectively) and two 120 degrees x 60 degrees patches on the northern and southern frontside only. We compare two possible measurement setups: observations from Earth and from an additional spacecraft on the solar farside, and observations from Earth only, in which case the full information of the global solar oscillation wave field was available. Results. We find that, with decreasing observing area, the accessible depth range decreases: the 360 degrees x 90 degrees view allows us to probe the meridional flow almost to the bottom of the convection zone, while the 120 degrees x 60 degrees view means only the outer layers can be probed. Conclusions. These results confirm the validity of the Fourier-Legendre analysis technique for helioseismology of the meridional flow. Furthermore these flows are of special interest for missions like Solar Orbiter that promises to complement standard helioseismic measurements from the solar nearside with farside observations. C1 [Roth, M.; Doerr, H. -P.] Kiepenheuer Inst Sonnenphys, Schoneckstr 6, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Hartlep, T.] Stanford Univ, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Standord, CA 94305 USA. [Doerr, H. -P.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Justus von Liebig Weg 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Hartlep, T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Roth, M (reprint author), Kiepenheuer Inst Sonnenphys, Schoneckstr 6, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. EM mroth@kis.uni-freiburg.de; thomas.hartlep@nasa.gov OI Hartlep, Thomas/0000-0002-5062-9507; Doerr, Hans-Peter/0000-0002-7608-631X FU European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP)/ERC Grant [307117] FX M.R. thanks D. Braun for useful discussions. The authors thank the unknown referee for valuable comments on the manuscript. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement No. 307117. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 592 AR A106 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201526971 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DX9NO UT WOS:000384722600024 ER PT J AU Ryan, DF Dominique, M Seaton, D Stegen, K White, A AF Ryan, D. F. Dominique, M. Seaton, D. Stegen, K. White, A. TI Effects of flare definitions on the statistics of derived flare distributions SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE methods: statistical; methods: data analysis; Sun: flares; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays; Sun: corona ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; 3 SOLAR-CYCLES; X-RAY FLARES; ACTIVE-REGION; QUIET SUN; FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSIENT BRIGHTENINGS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; GLOBAL ENERGETICS; CORONAL LOOPS AB The statistical examination of solar flares is crucial to revealing their global characteristics and behaviour. Such examinations can tackle large-scale science questions or give context to detailed single-event studies. However, they are often performed using standard but basic flare detection algorithms relying on arbitrary thresholds. This arbitrariness may lead to important scientific conclusions being drawn from results caused by subjective choices in algorithms rather than the true nature of the Sun. In this paper, we explore the effect of the arbitrary thresholds used in the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) event list and Large Yield RAdiometer (LYRA) Flare Finder algorithms. We find that there is a small but significant relationship between the power law exponent of the GOES flare peak flux frequency distribution and the flare start thresholds of the algorithms. We also find that the power law exponents of these distributions are not stable, but appear to steepen with increasing peak flux. This implies that the observed flare size distribution may not be a power law at all. We show that depending on the true value of the exponent of the flare size distribution, this deviation from a power law may be due to flares missed by the flare detection algorithms. However, it is not possible determine the true exponent from GOES/XRS observations. Additionally we find that the PROBA2/LYRA flare size distributions are artificially steep and clearly non-power law. We show that this is consistent with an insufficient degradation correction. This means that PROBA2/LYRA should not be used for flare statistics or energetics unless degradation is adequately accounted for. However, it can be used to study variations over shorter timescales and for space weather monitoring. C1 [Ryan, D. F.; Dominique, M.; Seaton, D.; Stegen, K.] Royal Observ Belgium, SIDC, Solar Terr Ctr Excellence, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Ryan, D. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Seaton, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Seaton, D.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA. [White, A.] Trinity Coll Dublin, OReilly Inst, Sch Comp Sci & Stat, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Ryan, DF (reprint author), Royal Observ Belgium, SIDC, Solar Terr Ctr Excellence, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.; Ryan, DF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ryand5@tcd.ie OI White, Arthur/0000-0002-7268-5163 FU Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence; SIDC Data Exploitation project; Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme; Belgian Science Policy Office [IAP P7/08 CHARM]; PRODEX [4000103240]; European Union [284461]; STATICA project - Principal Investigator programme of Science Foundation Ireland [08/IN.1/I1879]; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO); Swiss Bundesamt fur Bildung and Wissenschaft FX The authors would like to thank Ingolf Dammasch for his helpful discussions. D. Ryan wishes to thank the Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence and the SIDC Data Exploitation project for their financial support. M. Dominique's work has been funded by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme initiated by the Belgian Science Policy Office (IAP P7/08 CHARM). Support for D. Seaton was provided by PRODEX grant No. 4000103240 managed by the European Space Agency in collaboration with the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) in support of the PROBA2/SWAP mission and by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration under grant agreement No. 284461 (Project eHeroes, www.eheroes.eu). A. White has been supported by the STATICA project, funded by the Principal Investigator programme of Science Foundation Ireland, contract number 08/IN.1/I1879. LYRA is a project of the Centre Spatial de Liege, the Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos and the Royal Observatory of Belgium funded by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) and by the Swiss Bundesamt fur Bildung and Wissenschaft. This research has made use of SunPy, an open-source and free community-developed solar data analysis package written in Python (SunPy Community et al. 2015). NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 592 AR A133 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201628130 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DX9NO UT WOS:000384722600082 ER PT J AU Taddia, F Fremling, C Sollerman, J Corsi, A Gal-Yam, A Karamehmetoglu, E Lunnan, R Bue, B Ergon, M Kasliwal, M Vreeswijk, PM Wozniak, PR AF Taddia, F. Fremling, C. Sollerman, J. Corsi, A. Gal-Yam, A. Karamehmetoglu, E. Lunnan, R. Bue, B. Ergon, M. Kasliwal, M. Vreeswijk, P. M. Wozniak, P. R. TI iPTF15dtg: a double-peaked Type Ic supernova from a massive progenitor SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supernovae: general ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; BOLOMETRIC LIGHT CURVES; SHOCK BREAKOUT; IB/C SUPERNOVAE; LOW-LUMINOSITY; HOST GALAXIES; SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVAE; EXTENDED PROGENITOR; UBVRI PHOTOMETRY AB Context. Type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic) arise from the core-collapse of H-(and He-) poor stars, which could either be single Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars or lower-mass stars stripped of their envelope by a companion. Their light curves are radioactively powered and usually show a fast rise to peak (similar to 10-15 d), without any early (in the first few days) emission bumps (with the exception of broad-lined SNe Ic) as sometimes seen for other types of stripped-envelope SNe (e.g., Type IIb SN 1993J and Type Ib SN 2008D). Aims. We have studied iPTF15dtg, a spectroscopically normal SN Ic with an early excess in the optical light curves followed by a long (similar to 30 d) rise to the main peak. It is the first spectroscopically-normal double-peaked SN Ic to be observed. Our aim is to determine the properties of this explosion and of its progenitor star. Methods. Optical photometry and spectroscopy of iPTF15dtg was obtained with multiple telescopes. The resulting light curves and spectral sequence are analyzed and modeled with hydrodynamical and analytical models, with particular focus on the early emission. Results. iPTF15dtg is a slow rising SN Ic, similar to SN 2011bm. Hydrodynamical modeling of the bolometric properties reveals a large ejecta mass (similar to 10 M-circle dot) and strong Ni-56 mixing. The luminous early emission can be reproduced if we account for the presence of an extended (greater than or similar to 500 R-circle dot), low-mass (greater than or similar to 0.045 M-circle dot) envelope around the progenitor star. Alternative scenarios for the early peak, such as the interaction with a companion, a shock-breakout (SBO) cooling tail from the progenitor surface, or a magnetar-driven SBO are not favored. Conclusions. The large ejecta mass and the presence of H-and He-free extended material around the star suggest that the progenitor of iPTF15dtg was a massive (greater than or similar to 35 M-circle dot) WR star that experienced strong mass loss. C1 [Taddia, F.; Fremling, C.; Sollerman, J.; Karamehmetoglu, E.; Ergon, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, Oskar Klein Ctr, Alballova, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Corsi, A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Box 41051, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Gal-Yam, A.; Vreeswijk, P. M.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys & Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Lunnan, R.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bue, B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kasliwal, M.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wozniak, P. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Taddia, F (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, Oskar Klein Ctr, Alballova, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM francesco.taddia@astro.su.se OI Wozniak, Przemyslaw/0000-0002-9919-3310 FU Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; National Science Foundation [AST-1005313]; US Department of Energy as part of the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program; NSF [1455090] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. This work is partly based on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, operated by the Nordic Optical Telescope Scientific Association at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain, of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. The data presented here were obtained [in part] with ALFOSC, which is provided by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA) under a joint agreement with the University of Copenhagen and NOTSA. This work is partly based on observations made with DOLoRes@TNG. This paper made use of Lowell Observatory's Discovery Channel Telescope (DCT). Lowell operates the DCT in partnership with Boston University, Northern Arizona University, the University of Maryland, and the University of Toledo. Partial support of the DCT was provided by Discovery Communications. The Large Monolithic Imager (LMI) on DCT was built by Lowell Observatory using funds from the National Science Foundation (AST-1005313). LANL participation in iPTF was funded by the US Department of Energy as part of the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank N. Blagorodnova, E. Bellm, Y. Cao, G. Duggan, S. Kulkarni, J. Jencson, P. Nugent, for their precious help with the observations of iPTF15dtg and contribution to iPTF. We thank L. Yan for her comments on the paper. Based on observations obtained with the Samuel Oschin Telescope 48-inch and the 60-inch Telescope at the Palomar Observatory as part of the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) project, a scientific collaboration among the California Institute of Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, the Oskar Klein Center, the Weizmann Institute of Science, the TANGO Program of the University System of Taiwan, and the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe. A. Corsi acknowledges support from NSF CAREER Award #1455090. NR 97 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 592 AR A89 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201628703 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DX9NO UT WOS:000384722600152 ER PT J AU Teague, R Guilloteau, S Semenov, D Henning, T Dutrey, A Pietu, V Birnstiel, T Chapillon, E Hollenbach, D Gorti, U AF Teague, R. Guilloteau, S. Semenov, D. Henning, Th. Dutrey, A. Pietu, V. Birnstiel, T. Chapillon, E. Hollenbach, D. Gorti, U. TI Measuring turbulence in TW Hydrae with ALMA: methods and limitations SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE techniques: interferometric; turbulence; methods: observational; ISM: kinematics and dynamics; submillimeter: ISM ID PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; ACCRETION DISKS; DM-TAU; LINE; SPECTROSCOPY; MILLIMETER; CHEMISTRY AB Aims. We aim to obtain a spatially resolved measurement of velocity dispersions in the disk of TW Hya. Methods. We obtained images with high spatial and spectral resolution of the CO J = 2-1, CN N = 2-1 and CS J = 5-4 emission with ALMA in Cycle 2. The radial distribution of the turbulent broadening was derived with two direct methods and one modelling approach. The first method requires a single transition and derives Tex directly from the line profile, yielding a v turb. The second method assumes that two different molecules are co-spatial, which allows using their relative line widths for calculating T-kin and v(turb). Finally we fitted a parametric disk model in which the physical properties of the disk are described by power laws, to compare our direct methods with previous values. Results. The two direct methods were limited to the outer r > 40 au disk because of beam smear. The direct method found v turb to range from approximate to 130 ms(-1) at 40 au, and to drop to approximate to 50 ms(-1) in the outer disk, which is qualitatively recovered with the parametric model fitting. This corresponds to roughly 0 : 2 0 : 4 c(s). CN was found to exhibit strong non-local thermal equilibrium effects outside r approximate to 140 au, so that v turb was limited to within this radius. The assumption that CN and CS are co-spatial is consistent with observed line widths only within r less than or similar to 100 au, within which v turb was found to drop from 100 ms 1 (approximate to 0.4 c(s)) to zero at 100 au. The parametric model yielded a nearly constant 50 ms(-1) for CS (0.2-0.4 cs). We demonstrate that absolute flux calibration is and will be the limiting factor in all studies of turbulence using a single molecule. Conclusions. The magnitude of the dispersion is comparable with or below that predicted by the magneto-rotational instability theory. A more precise comparison would require reaching an absolute calibration precision of about 3%, or finding a suitable combination of light and heavy molecules that are co-located in the disk. C1 [Teague, R.; Semenov, D.; Henning, Th.; Birnstiel, T.] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Guilloteau, S.; Dutrey, A.; Chapillon, E.] Univ Bordeaux, LAB, UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France. [Guilloteau, S.; Dutrey, A.; Chapillon, E.] CNRS, LAB, UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France. [Pietu, V.; Birnstiel, T.] Domaine Univ, IRAM, 300 Rue Piscine, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. [Hollenbach, D.; Gorti, U.] SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Gorti, U.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Teague, R (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM teague@mpia.de OI Semenov, Dmitry/0000-0002-3913-7114 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SPP 1385, SE 1962/1-3, SPP 1833, KL 1469/13-1]; National Program PCMI from INSU-CNRS; National Program PNPS from INSU-CNRS FX We thank the referee, whose helpful comments have improved this manuscript. R.T. is a member of the International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Cosmic Physics at the University of Heidelberg, Germany. D.S. and T.B. acknowledge support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through SPP 1385: "The first ten million years of the solar system a planetary materials approach" (SE 1962/1-3) and SPP 1833 "Building a Habitable Earth" (KL 1469/13-1), respectively. This research made use of System. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO. ALMA#2013.1.00387. S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. This work was supported by the National Programs PCMI and PNPS from INSU-CNRS. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 592 AR A49 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201628550 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DX9NO UT WOS:000384722600132 ER PT J AU Schoeberl, M Dessler, A Ye, H Wang, T Avery, M Jensen, E AF Schoeberl, Mark Dessler, Andrew Ye, Hao Wang, Tao Avery, Melody Jensen, Eric TI The impact of gravity waves and cloud nucleation threshold on stratospheric water and tropical tropospheric cloud fraction SO EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TROPOPAUSE LAYER; ICE NUCLEATION; DEHYDRATION; TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION; PARAMETERIZATION; MECHANISMS; MODELS; VAPOR AB Using the Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and MERRA-2 reanalysis winds, temperatures, and anvil cloud ice, we explore the impact of varying the cloud nucleation threshold relative humidity (RH) and high-frequency gravity waves on stratospheric water vapor (H2O) and upper tropical tropopause cloud fraction (TCF). Our model results are compared to 2008/2009 winter TCF derived from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization and H2O observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). The RH threshold affects both model H2O and TCF, while high-frequency gravity waves mostly impact TCF. Adjusting the nucleation RH and the amplitude of high-frequency gravity waves allows us to tune the model to observations. Reasonable observational agreement is obtained with a nucleation threshold between 130% and 150% RH consistent with airborne observations. For the MERRA reanalysis, we lower the tropopause temperature by 0.5 K roughly consistent with GPS radio occultation measurements and include similar to 0.1 K high-frequency gravity wave temperature oscillations in order to match TCF and H2O observations. For MERRA-2 we do not need to adjust the tropopause temperature nor add gravity waves, because there are sufficient high-frequency temperature oscillations already present in the MERRA-2 reanalysis to reproduce the observed TCF. C1 [Schoeberl, Mark] Sci & Technol Corp, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Dessler, Andrew; Ye, Hao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Wang, Tao] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, CALTECH, Pasadena, CA USA. [Avery, Melody] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Jensen, Eric] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Schoeberl, M (reprint author), Sci & Technol Corp, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. EM mark.schoeberl@mac.com RI Dessler, Andrew/G-8852-2012; Wang, Tao/C-2381-2011 OI Dessler, Andrew/0000-0003-3939-4820; Wang, Tao/0000-0003-3430-8508 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2333-5084 J9 EARTH SPACE SCI JI Earth Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 3 IS 8 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.1002/2016EA000180 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DZ3GZ UT WOS:000385734600002 ER PT J AU Shirley, JH Jamieson, CS Dalton, JB AF Shirley, James H. Jamieson, Corey S. Dalton, J. Bradley, III TI Europa's surface composition from near-infrared observations: A comparison of results from linear mixture modeling and radiative transfer modeling SO EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HAPKE PHOTOMETRIC MODEL; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SULFURIC-ACID HYDRATE; WATER-ICE; GALILEAN SATELLITES; GRAIN-SIZE; PARTICULATE MIXTURES; SUBSURFACE OCEAN; MARTIAN SURFACE; SPECTRA AB Quantitative estimates of the abundance of surface materials and of water ice particle grain sizes at five widely separated locations on the surface of Europa have been obtained by two independent methods in order to search for possible discrepancies that may be attributed to differences in the methods employed. Results of radiative transfer (RT) compositional modeling (also known as intimate mixture modeling) from two prior studies are here employed without modification. Areal (or "checkerboard") mixture modeling, also known as linear mixture (LM) modeling, was performed to allow direct comparisons. The failure to model scattering processes (whose effects may be strongly nonlinear) in the LM approach is recognized as a potential source of errors. RT modeling accounts for nonlinear spectral responses due to scattering but is subject to other uncertainties. By comparing abundance estimates for H2SO4 center dot nH(2)O and water ice, obtained through both methods as applied to identical spectra, we may gain some insight into the importance of "volume scattering" effects for investigations of Europa's surface composition. We find that both methods return similar abundances for each location analyzed; linear correlation coefficients of >= 0.98 are found between the derived H2SO4 center dot nH(2)O and water ice abundances returned by both methods. We thus find no evidence of a significant influence of volume scattering on the compositional solutions obtained by LM modeling for these locations. Some differences in the results obtained for water ice grain sizes are attributed to the limited selection of candidate materials allowed in the RT investigations. C1 [Shirley, James H.; Jamieson, Corey S.; Dalton, J. Bradley, III] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jamieson, Corey S.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Shirley, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM James.H.Shirley@jpl.nasa.gov NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2333-5084 J9 EARTH SPACE SCI JI Earth Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 3 IS 8 BP 326 EP 344 DI 10.1002/2015EA000149 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DZ3GZ UT WOS:000385734600005 ER PT J AU Parker, SR West, RF Boyd, ES Feyhl-Buska, J Gammons, CH Johnston, TB Williams, GP Poulson, SR AF Parker, Stephen R. West, Robert F. Boyd, Eric S. Feyhl-Buska, Jayme Gammons, Christopher H. Johnston, Tyler B. Williams, George P. Poulson, Simon R. TI Biogeochemical and microbial seasonal dynamics between water column and sediment processes in a productive mountain lake: Georgetown Lake, MT, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIUM; SP-NOV.; METHANE EMISSIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; STABLE CARBON; GEN. NOV.; ISOTOPE; SULFUR; REDUCTION; ACETATE AB This manuscript details investigations of a productive, mountain freshwater lake and examines the dynamic relationship between the chemical and stable isotopes and microbial composition of lake bed sediments with the geochemistry of the lake water column. A multidisciplinary approach was used in order to better understand the lake water- sediment interactions including quantification and sequencing of microbial 16S rRNA genes in a sediment core as well as stable isotope analysis of C, S, and N. One visit included the use of a pore water sampler to gain insight into the composition of dissolved solutes within the sediment matrix. Sediment cores showed a general decrease in total C with depth which included a decrease in the fraction of organic C combined with an increase in the fraction of inorganic C. One sediment core showed a maximum concentration of dissolved organic C, dissolved inorganic C, and dissolved methane in pore water at 4 cm depth which corresponded with a sharp increase in the abundance of 16S rRNA templates as a proxy for the microbial population size as well as the peak abundance of a sequence affiliated with a putative methanotroph. The isotopic separation between dissolved inorganic and dissolved organic carbon is consistent with largely aerobic microbial processes dominating the upper water column, while anaerobic microbial activity dominates the sediment bed. Using sediment core carbon concentrations, predictions were made regarding the breakdown and return of stored carbon per year from this temperate climate lake with as much as 1.3 Gg C yr(-1) being released in the form of CO2 and CH4. C1 [Parker, Stephen R.; West, Robert F.; Johnston, Tyler B.; Williams, George P.] Montana Tech Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Geochem, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Boyd, Eric S.; Feyhl-Buska, Jayme] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Boyd, Eric S.] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. [Gammons, Christopher H.] Montana Tech Univ Montana, Dept Geol Engn, Butte, MT USA. [Poulson, Simon R.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Parker, SR (reprint author), Montana Tech Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Geochem, Butte, MT 59701 USA. EM sparker@mtech.edu FU Montana Institute on Ecosystems; National Science Foundation [0739054, 1338040]; MSU Undergraduate Scholars Program; [NNA15BB02A] FX We thank J. Timmer for analytical assistance and L. Johnston for field assistance. Thanks to R. West Sr. for the gracious use of his boat. This work was funded in part by grants from the Montana Institute on Ecosystems and the National Science Foundation (0739054, 1338040). The NASA Astrobiology Institute is supported by grant NNA15BB02A. Funding for J. Feyhl-Buska was provided in part by the MSU Undergraduate Scholars Program. All data generated as part of this project are included in figures, tables, and text within this manuscript or in the supporting information. This manuscript has been greatly improved by the comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 2064 EP 2081 DI 10.1002/2015JG003309 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DZ2ZP UT WOS:000385712400001 ER PT J AU Broiles, TW Livadiotis, G Burch, JL Chae, K Clark, G Cravens, TE Davidson, R Eriksson, A Frahm, RA Fuselier, SA Goldstein, J Goldstein, R Henri, P Madanian, H Mandt, K Mokashi, P Pollock, C Rahmati, A Samara, M Schwartz, SJ AF Broiles, T. W. Livadiotis, G. Burch, J. L. Chae, K. Clark, G. Cravens, T. E. Davidson, R. Eriksson, A. Frahm, R. A. Fuselier, S. A. Goldstein, J. Goldstein, R. Henri, P. Madanian, H. Mandt, K. Mokashi, P. Pollock, C. Rahmati, A. Samara, M. Schwartz, S. J. TI Characterizing cometary electrons with kappa distributions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GIACOBINI-ZINNER; SOLAR-WIND; SPACE PLASMAS; BOW SHOCK; ROSETTA; 67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO; COMA; ION; HALLEY; SENSOR AB The Rosetta spacecraft has escorted comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko since 6 August 2014 and has offered an unprecedented opportunity to study plasma physics in the coma. We have used this opportunity to make the first characterization of cometary electrons with kappa distributions. Two three-dimensional kappa functions were fit to the observations, which we interpret as two populations of dense and warm (density = 10 cm(-3), temperature = 2 x 10(5) K, invariant kappa index = 10 -> 1000), and rarefied and hot (density = 0.005 cm(-3), temperature = 5 x 10(5) K, invariant kappa index = 1-10) electrons. We fit the observations on 30 October 2014 when Rosetta was 20 km from 67P, and 3 AU from the Sun. We repeated the analysis on 15 August 2015 when Rosetta was 300 km from the comet and 1.3 AU from the Sun. Comparing the measurements on both days gives the first comparison of the cometary electron environment between a nearly inactive comet far from the Sun and an active comet near perihelion. We find that the warm population density increased by a factor of 3, while the temperature cooled by a factor of 2, and the invariant kappa index was unaffected. We find that the hot population density increased by a factor of 10, while the temperature and invariant kappa index were unchanged. We conclude that the hot population is likely the solar wind halo electrons in the coma. The warm population is likely of cometary origin, but its mechanism for production is not known. C1 [Broiles, T. W.; Livadiotis, G.; Burch, J. L.; Chae, K.; Frahm, R. A.; Fuselier, S. A.; Goldstein, J.; Goldstein, R.; Mandt, K.; Mokashi, P.] Southwest Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Clark, G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Cravens, T. E.; Madanian, H.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Davidson, R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Eriksson, A.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, Kiruna, Sweden. [Fuselier, S. A.; Goldstein, J.; Mandt, K.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX USA. [Henri, P.] CNRS, LPC2E, Orleans, France. [Pollock, C.] Denali Sci, Healy, AK USA. [Rahmati, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Samara, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Schwartz, S. J.] Imperial Coll London, Blackett Lab, London, England. [Schwartz, S. J.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO USA. RP Broiles, TW (reprint author), Southwest Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM tbroiles@swri.edu OI Mandt, Kathleen/0000-0001-8397-3315 FU NASA [1345493]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology FX Rosetta is a European Space Agency (ESA) mission with support by member nations and U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The work on IES was supported, in part, by NASA through contract 1345493 with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. We thank the teams at Imperial College London and ESA who have been responsible for the operation of IES. All of the data shown from the Rosetta mission can be found on the European Space Agency's Planetary Science Archive (http://www.rssd.esa.int/index.php?project=PSA&page=ftpaccess) with the exception of the kappa function fit parameters to the electron distributions, which can be requested from the author at tbroiles@swri.edu. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 7407 EP 7422 DI 10.1002/2016JA022972 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4EQ UT WOS:000385811500006 ER PT J AU Nose, M Keika, K Kletzing, CA Spence, HE Smith, CW MacDowall, RJ Reeves, GD Larsen, BA Mitchell, DG AF Nose, M. Keika, K. Kletzing, C. A. Spence, H. E. Smith, C. W. MacDowall, R. J. Reeves, G. D. Larsen, B. A. Mitchell, D. G. TI Van Allen Probes observations of magnetic field dipolarization and its associated O+ flux variations in the inner magnetosphere at L < 6.6 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-EARTH MAGNETOTAIL; ENERGETIC PARTICLE; PLASMA SHEET; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBSERVATIONS; GEOMAGNETIC CONDITIONS; SUBSTORM ONSETS; ION INJECTIONS; ACCELERATION; PHASE AB We investigate the magnetic field dipolarization in the inner magnetosphere and its associated ion flux variations, using the magnetic field and energetic ion flux data acquired by the Van Allen Probes. From a study of 74 events that appeared at L = 4.5-6.6 between 1 October 2012 and 31 October 2013, we reveal the following characteristics of the dipolarization in the inner magnetosphere: (1) its time scale is approximately 5 min; (2) it is accompanied by strong magnetic fluctuations that have a dominant frequency close to the O+ gyrofrequency; (3) ion fluxes at 20-50 keV are simultaneously enhanced with larger magnitudes for O+ than for H+; (4) after a few minutes of the dipolarization, the flux enhancement at 0.1-5 keV appears with a clear energy-dispersion signature only for O+; and (5) the energy-dispersed O+ flux enhancement appears in directions parallel or antiparallel to the magnetic field. From these characteristics, we discuss possible mechanisms that can provide selective acceleration to O+ ions at > 20 keV. We conclude that O+ ions at L = 5.4-6.6 undergo nonadiabatic local acceleration caused by oscillating electric field associated with the magnetic fluctuations and/or adiabatic convective transport from the plasma sheet to the inner magnetosphere by the impulsive electric field. At L = 4.5-5.4, however, only the former acceleration is plausible. We also conclude that the field-aligned energy-dispersed O+ ions at 0.1-5 keV originate from the ionosphere and are extracted nearly simultaneously to the onset of the dipolarization. C1 [Nose, M.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto, Japan. [Keika, K.] Nagoya Univ, Inst Space Earth Environm Res, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Kletzing, C. A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Spence, H. E.; Smith, C. W.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [MacDowall, R. J.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Reeves, G. D.; Larsen, B. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Reeves, G. D.; Larsen, B. A.] New Mexico Consortium, Div Space Sci, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Mitchell, D. G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. RP Nose, M (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto, Japan. EM nose@kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp OI Nose, Masahito/0000-0002-2789-3588; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) [25287127, 16H04057, 26800257]; GEMSIS project at Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research (ISEE), Nagoya University; EMFISIS by JHU/APL under NASA [921648, NAS5-01072]; RBSP-ECT by JHU/APL under NASA [NAS5-01072, 967399]; U.S. Department of Energy [LA-UR-15-20090]; JHU/APL under NASA [NAS5-01072, 937836] FX The AL and ASY indices are provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto, and are available at http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp. The Wp index can be downloaded from http://s-cubed.info and referred as doi:10.17593/13437-46800. The EMFISIS and ECT-HOPE data are available at http://emfisis.physics.uiowa.edu and http://www.rbsp-ect.lanl.gov, respectively. Geomagnetic field by the IGRF model is calculated with GEOPACK routines developed by N.A. Tsyganenko and coded by H. Korth. We are thankful to K. Takahashi for his helpful comments. We thank L.J. Lanzerotti for discussing ion flux variations observed by the RBSPICE instrument. We also thank M. Gkioulidou, D. Turner, K. Min, and H. Korth for their supports in software to read the RBSPICE data. This study is supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (B) (grants 25287127 and 16H04057) and grant-in-aid for Young Scientists (B) (grant 26800257). One of coauthors (K. K.) is supported by the GEMSIS project at Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research (ISEE), Nagoya University, and his work has been done at the ERG-Science Center operated by ISAS/JAXA and ISEE/Nagoya University. This work was supported by EMFISIS investigation funding provided by JHU/APL contract 921648 under NASA Prime contract NAS5-01072. This work was supported by RBSP-ECT funding provided by JHU/APL contract 967399 under NASA Prime contract NAS5-01072. Work at Los Alamos National Laboratory was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, LA-UR-15-20090. The RBSPICE instrument was supported by JHU/APL contract 937836 to the New Jersey Institute of Technology under NASA Prime contract NAS5-01072. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 7572 EP 7589 DI 10.1002/2016JA022549 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4EQ UT WOS:000385811500019 ER PT J AU Aryan, H Sibeck, D Balikhin, M Agapitov, O Kletzing, C AF Aryan, Homayon Sibeck, David Balikhin, Michael Agapitov, Oleksiy Kletzing, Craig TI Observation of chorus waves by the Van Allen Probes: Dependence on solar wind parameters and scale size SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-BELT ELECTRONS; WHISTLER-MODE CHORUS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; SOURCE REGION; EQUATORWARD BOUNDARY; OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE; PLASMASPHERIC HISS; AURORAL SUBSTORMS; GEOMAGNETIC STORM AB Highly energetic electrons in the Earth's Van Allen radiation belts can cause serious damage to spacecraft electronic systems and affect the atmospheric composition if they precipitate into the upper atmosphere. Whistler mode chorus waves have attracted significant attention in recent decades for their crucial role in the acceleration and loss of energetic electrons that ultimately change the dynamics of the radiation belts. The distribution of these waves in the inner magnetosphere is commonly presented as a function of geomagnetic activity. However, geomagnetic indices are nonspecific parameters that are compiled from imperfectly covered ground based measurements. The present study uses wave data from the two Van Allen Probes to present the distribution of lower band chorus waves not only as functions of single geomagnetic index and solar wind parameters but also as functions of combined parameters. Also the current study takes advantage of the unique equatorial orbit of the Van Allen Probes to estimate the average scale size of chorus wave packets, during close separations between the two spacecraft, as a function of radial distance, magnetic latitude, and geomagnetic activity, respectively. Results show that the average scale size of chorus wave packets is approximately 1300-2300 km. The results also show that the inclusion of combined parameters can provide better representation of the chorus wave distributions in the inner magnetosphere and therefore can further improve our knowledge of the acceleration and loss of radiation belt electrons. C1 [Aryan, Homayon; Sibeck, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Balikhin, Michael] Univ Sheffield, Dept Automat Control & Syst Engn, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Agapitov, Oleksiy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Agapitov, Oleksiy] Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kiev, Astron & Space Phys Dept, Kiev, Ukraine. [Kletzing, Craig] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Aryan, H (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM aryan.homayon@gmail.com FU NASA; Van Allen Probes program; NASA [NNX16AF85G] FX This study was supported by the NASA postdoctoral program. Portion of this work was supported by the Van Allen Probes program. We would also like to acknowledge NASA Grant NNX16AF85G. The authors would like to thank Alexa Halford, Kyle Murphy, Alexander Lipatov, and Quintin Schiller for their very useful science discussions. The EMFISIS waves data used in this study are available online (http://emfisis.physics.uiowa.edu/Flight/). The solar wind data were obtained by NASA's GSFC SPDF OMNIWEB and are also available online (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov). NR 97 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 7608 EP 7621 DI 10.1002/2016JA022775 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4EQ UT WOS:000385811500021 ER PT J AU Kanekal, SG Baker, DN Fennell, JF Jones, A Schiller, Q Richardson, IG Li, X Turner, DL Califf, S Claudepierre, SG Wilson, LB Jaynes, A Blake, JB Reeves, GD Spence, HE Kletzing, CA Wygant, JR AF Kanekal, S. G. Baker, D. N. Fennell, J. F. Jones, A. Schiller, Q. Richardson, I. G. Li, X. Turner, D. L. Califf, S. Claudepierre, S. G. Wilson, L. B., III Jaynes, A. Blake, J. B. Reeves, G. D. Spence, H. E. Kletzing, C. A. Wygant, J. R. TI Prompt acceleration of magnetospheric electrons to ultrarelativistic energies by the 17 March 2015 interplanetary shock SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD SIGNATURES; ALLEN PROBES OBSERVATIONS; RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; SOLAR-WIND; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; ENERGETIC PARTICLE; STORM; EVENTS AB Trapped electrons in Earth's outer Van Allen radiation belt are influenced profoundly by solar phenomena such as high-speed solar wind streams, coronal mass ejections (CME), and interplanetary (IP) shocks. In particular, strong IP shocks compress the magnetosphere suddenly and result in rapid energization of electrons within minutes. It is believed that the electric fields induced by the rapid change in the geomagnetic field are responsible for the energization. During the latter part of March 2015, a CME impact led to the most powerful geomagnetic storm (minimum Dst = -223 nT at 17 March, 23 UT) observed not only during the Van Allen Probe era but also the entire preceding decade. Magnetospheric response in the outer radiation belt eventually resulted in elevated levels of energized electrons. The CME itself was preceded by a strong IP shock whose immediate effects vis-a-vis electron energization were observed by sensors on board the Van Allen Probes. The comprehensive and high-quality data from the Van Allen Probes enable the determination of the location of the electron injection, timescales, and spectral aspects of the energized electrons. The observations clearly show that ultrarelativistic electrons with energies E > 6 MeV were injected deep into the magnetosphere at L approximate to 3 within about 2 min of the shock impact. However, electrons in the energy range of approximate to 250 keV to approximate to 900 keV showed no immediate response to the IP shock. Electric and magnetic fields resulting from the shock-driven compression complete the comprehensive set of observations that provide a full description of the near-instantaneous electron energization. C1 [Kanekal, S. G.; Jones, A.; Schiller, Q.; Richardson, I. G.; Li, X.; Wilson, L. B., III] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Baker, D. N.; Califf, S.; Jaynes, A.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jones, A.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Fennell, J. F.; Turner, D. L.; Claudepierre, S. G.; Blake, J. B.] Aerosp Corp, POB 92957, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Spence, H. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Richardson, I. G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, CRESST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Reeves, G. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Kletzing, C. A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Wygant, J. R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Kanekal, SG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM shrikanth.g.kanekal@nasa.gov RI Wilson III, Lynn/D-4425-2012; OI Wilson III, Lynn/0000-0002-4313-1970; Richardson, Ian/0000-0002-3855-3634 FU JHU/APL under NASA [967399, NAS5-01072] FX The work at LASP, University of Colorado, is supported by JHU/APL contract 967399 under NASAs prime contract NAS5-01072. All the MagEIS, REPT, and Van Allen Probes data used are publicly available at (www.rbsp-ect.lanl.gov). The ACE data are from the ACE Science Center www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ASC/. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 7622 EP 7635 DI 10.1002/2016JA022596 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4EQ UT WOS:000385811500022 ER PT J AU Lyatsky, W Pollock, C Goldstein, ML Lyatskaya, S Avanov, L AF Lyatsky, Wladislaw Pollock, Craig Goldstein, Melvyn L. Lyatskaya, Sonya Avanov, Levon TI Penetration of magnetosheath plasma into dayside magnetosphere: 1. Density, velocity, and rotation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL HYBRID SIMULATIONS; SOLAR-WIND; IMPULSIVE PENETRATION; TANGENTIAL DISCONTINUITY; MAGNETOPAUSE; TRANSPORT; IRREGULARITIES; FILAMENT; VORTICES; ELEMENTS AB In this study, we examine a large number of plasma structures (filaments), observed with the Cluster spacecraft during 2 years (2007-2008) in the dayside magnetosphere but consisting of magnetosheath plasma. To reduce the effects observed in the cusp regions and on magnetosphere flanks, we consider these events predominantly inside the narrow cone <= 30 degrees about the subsolar point. Two important features of these filaments are (i) their stable antisunward (earthward) motion inside the magnetosphere, whereas the ambient magnetospheric plasma moves usually in the opposite direction (sunward), and (ii) between these filaments and the magnetopause, there is a region of magnetospheric plasma, which separates these filaments from the magnetosheath. The stable earthward motion of these filaments and the presence of a region of magnetospheric plasma between these filaments and the magnetopause show the possible disconnection of these filaments from the magnetosheath, as suggested earlier by many researchers. The results also show that these events cannot be a result of back-and-forth motions of magnetopause position or surface waves propagating on the magnetopause. Another important feature of these filaments is their rotation about the filament axis, which might be a result of their passage through the velocity shear on magnetopause boundary. After crossing the velocity shear, the filaments get a rotational velocity, which has opposite directions in the noon-dusk and noon-dawn sectors. This rotation velocity may be an important factor, supporting the stability of these filaments and providing their motion into the magnetosphere. C1 [Lyatsky, Wladislaw] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Lyatsky, Wladislaw; Pollock, Craig; Goldstein, Melvyn L.; Lyatskaya, Sonya; Avanov, Levon] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lyatsky, W (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.; Lyatsky, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM lyatsky@gmail.com FU NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program; NASA Cluster Project FX This work was funded in part by a NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program grant to the Goddard Space Flight Center and by the NASA Cluster Project. We particularly thank Chris Gurgiolo for the help with some of the analysis and David Sibeck for the interesting comments and advices. We also wish to thank the operations and science teams of the CIS, PEACE, and FGM instruments for their work on the Cluster data and for providing these data through the Cluster Science Archive. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 7699 EP 7712 DI 10.1002/2015JA022119 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4EQ UT WOS:000385811500027 ER PT J AU Lyatsky, W Pollock, C Goldstein, ML Lyatskaya, S Avanov, L AF Lyatsky, Wladislaw Pollock, Craig Goldstein, Melvyn L. Lyatskaya, Sonya Avanov, Levon TI Penetration of magnetosheath plasma into dayside magnetosphere: 2. Magnetic field in plasma filaments SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; IMPULSIVE PENETRATION; TANGENTIAL DISCONTINUITY; MAGNETOPAUSE; SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; WAVES; IRREGULARITIES; ELEMENTS; TUBES AB In this paper, we examined plasma structures (filaments), observed in the dayside magnetosphere but containing magnetosheath plasma. These filaments show the stable antisunward motion (while the ambient magnetospheric plasma moved in the opposite direction) and the existence of a strip of magnetospheric plasma, separating these filaments from the magnetosheath. These results, however, contradict both theoretical studies and simulations by Schindler (1979), Ma et al. (1991), Dai and Woodward (1994, 1998), and other researchers, who reported that the motion of such filaments through the magnetosphere is possible only when their magnetic field is directed very close to the ambient magnetic field, which is not the situation that is observed. In this study, we show that this seeming contradiction may be related to different events as the theoretical studies and simulations are related to the case when the filament magnetic field is about aligned with filament orientation, whereas the observations show that the magnetic field in these filaments may be rotating. In this case, the rotating magnetic field, changing incessantly its direction, drastically affects the penetration of plasma filaments into the magnetosphere. In this case, the filaments with rotating magnetic field, even if in each moment it is significantly inclined to the ambient magnetic field, may propagate through the magnetosphere, if their average (for the rotation period) magnetic field is aligned with the ambient magnetic field. This shows that neglecting the rotation of magnetic field in these filaments may lead to wrong results. C1 [Lyatsky, Wladislaw] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Lyatsky, Wladislaw; Pollock, Craig; Goldstein, Melvyn L.; Lyatskaya, Sonya; Avanov, Levon] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lyatsky, W (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.; Lyatsky, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM lyatsky@gmail.com FU NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program; NASA Cluster Project FX This work was funded in part by a NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program grant to the Goddard Space Flight Center and by the NASA Cluster Project. We also thank Cluster instrument teams and the Cluster Active Archive for providing the data, which are available at http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/csa/access. We particularly thank Chris Gurgiolo for the help with some of the analysis and David Sibeck for the interesting comments and advices. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 7713 EP 7727 DI 10.1002/2015JA022120 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4EQ UT WOS:000385811500028 ER PT J AU Hajra, R Tsurutani, BT Echer, E Gonzalez, WD Gjerloev, JW AF Hajra, Rajkumar Tsurutani, Bruce T. Echer, Ezequiel Gonzalez, Walter D. Gjerloev, Jesper W. TI Supersubstorms (SML <-2500nT): Magnetic storm and solar cycle dependences SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVITY HILDCAA EVENTS; DST LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-50 NT; INTENSE GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; AURORAL ELECTROJET INDEXES; UNIVERSAL TIME VARIATIONS; LONG-DURATION; SUBSTORM ONSET; LESS-THAN; AE; ACCELERATION AB We study extremely intense substorms with SuperMAG AL (SML) peak intensities < -2500 nT ("supersubstorms"/SSSs) for the period from 1981 to 2012. The SSS events were often found to be isolated SML peaks and not statistical fluctuations of the indices. The SSSs occur during all phases of the solar cycle with the highest occurrence (3.8 year(-1)) in the descending phase. The SSSs exhibited an annual variation with equinoctial maximum altering between spring in solar cycle 22 and fall in solar cycle 23. The occurrence rate and strength of the SSSs did not show any strong relationship with the intensity of the associated geomagnetic storms. All SSS events were associated with strong southward interplanetary magnetic field B-s component. The B-s fields were part of interplanetary magnetic clouds in 46% and of interplanetary sheath fields in 54% of the cases. About 77% of the SSSs were associated with small regions of very high density solar wind plasma parcels or pressure pulses impinging upon the magnetosphere. Comments on how SSS events may cause power outages at Earth are discussed at the end of the paper. C1 [Hajra, Rajkumar; Echer, Ezequiel; Gonzalez, Walter D.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Hajra, Rajkumar] CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, Orleans, France. [Tsurutani, Bruce T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Gjerloev, Jesper W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Gjerloev, Jesper W.] Univ Bergen, Birkeland Ctr, Bergen, Norway. RP Hajra, R (reprint author), Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Paulo, Brazil.; Hajra, R (reprint author), CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, Orleans, France. EM rajkumarhajra@yahoo.co.in OI Hajra, Rajkumar/0000-0003-0447-1531 FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) at INPE; ANR at LPC2E/CNRS [ANR-15-CE31-0009-01]; Brazilian CNPq agency [302583/2015-7]; NASA FX The work of R.H. is financially supported by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) through a postdoctoral research fellowship at INPE and by ANR under the financial agreement ANR-15-CE31-0009-01 at LPC2E/CNRS. E.E. would like to thank Brazilian CNPq (302583/2015-7) agency for financial support. Portions of this research were performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. The SuperMAG data were collected from the website: http://supermag.jhuapl.edu/. The solar wind/interplanetary data were collected from OMNI website: http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/. The geomagnetic indices we collected are from the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto, Japan http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/, and the F10.7 solar flux from http://www.drao.nrc.ca/icarus. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 7805 EP 7816 DI 10.1002/2015JA021835 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4EQ UT WOS:000385811500034 ER PT J AU Fung, SF Tepper, JA Cai, X AF Fung, Shing F. Tepper, Julia A. Cai, Xia TI Magnetospheric state of sawtooth events SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; SUBSTORMS AB Magnetospheric sawtooth events, first identified in the early 1990s, are named for their characteristic appearance of multiple quasiperiodic intervals of slow decrease followed by sharp increase of proton differential energy fluxes in the geosynchronous region. The successive proton flux oscillations have been interpreted as recurrences of stretching and dipolarization of the nightside geomagnetic field. Due to their often extended intervals with 2-10 cycles, sawteeth occurrences are sometimes referred to as a magnetospheric mode. While studies of sawtooth events over the past two decades have yielded a wealth of information about such events, the magnetospheric state conditions for the occurrence of sawtooth events and how sawtooth oscillations may depend on the magnetospheric state conditions remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the characteristic magnetospheric state conditions (specified by Psw interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Btot, IMF Bz Vsw, AE, Kp and Dst, all time shifted with respect to one another) associated with the intervals before, during, and after sawteeth occurrences. Applying a previously developed statistical technique, wehave determined the most probable magnetospheric states propitious for the development and occurrence of sawtooth events, respectively. The statistically determined sawtooth magnetospheric state has also been validated by using out-of-sample events, confirming the notion that sawtooth intervals might represent a particular global state of the magnetosphere. We propose that the "sawtooth state" of the magnetosphere may be a state of marginal stability in which a slight enhancement in the loading rate of an otherwise continuous loading process can send the magnetosphere into the marginally unstable regime, causing it to shed limited amount of energy quickly and return to the marginally stable regime with the loading process continuing. Sawtooth oscillations result as the magnetosphere switches between the marginally stable (loading) and unstable (unloading) phases. C1 [Fung, Shing F.; Tepper, Julia A.] NASA, Geophys Phys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tepper, Julia A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cai, Xia] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Fung, SF (reprint author), NASA, Geophys Phys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM shing.f.fung@nasa.gov FU National Space Club Scholar Program FX The authors would like to thank the NASA Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) for making the OMNI data set available. One of us (J. Tepper) would like to thank the National Space Club Scholar Program for a 2015 summer internship opportunity to work at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 7860 EP 7869 DI 10.1002/2016JA022693 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4EQ UT WOS:000385811500038 ER PT J AU Collinson, GA McFadden, JP Chornay, DJ Gershman, D Moore, TE AF Collinson, Glyn A. McFadden, James P. Chornay, Dennis J. Gershman, Daniel Moore, Thomas E. TI Constraining electric fields from electrostatic deflector plates: A brief report and case study from the Fast Plasma Investigation for the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXPRESS MISSION; SPACE PLASMAS; ANALYZER; INSTRUMENT AB A common feature of top hat space plasma analyzers are electrostatic "deflector plates" mounted externally to the aperture which steer the incoming particles and permit the sensor to rapidly scan the sky without moving. However, the electric fields generated by these plates can penetrate the mesh or grid on the outside of the sensor, potentially violating spacecraft electromagnetic cleanliness requirements. In this brief report we discuss how this issue was addressed for the Dual Electron Spectrometer for the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission using a double-grid system and the simple modeling technique employed to assure the safe containment of the stray fields from its deflector plates. C1 [Collinson, Glyn A.; Chornay, Dennis J.; Gershman, Daniel; Moore, Thomas E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD USA. [McFadden, James P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chornay, Dennis J.; Gershman, Daniel] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Collinson, GA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM glyn.collinson@gmail.com NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 7887 EP 7894 DI 10.1002/2016JA022590 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4EQ UT WOS:000385811500041 ER PT J AU Murphy, KR Mann, IR Rae, IJ Sibeck, DG Watt, CEJ AF Murphy, Kyle R. Mann, Ian R. Rae, I. Jonathan Sibeck, David G. Watt, Clare E. J. TI Accurately characterizing the importance of wave-particle interactions in radiation belt dynamics: The pitfalls of statistical wave representations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOLAR-WIND; DIFFUSION; ELECTRONS; CHORUS; ACCELERATION; MAGNETOPAUSE; MODEL AB Wave-particle interactions play a crucial role in energetic particle dynamics in the Earth's radiation belts. However, the relative importance of different wave modes in these dynamics is poorly understood. Typically, this is assessed during geomagnetic storms using statistically averaged empirical wave models as a function of geomagnetic activity in advanced radiation belt simulations. However, statistical averages poorly characterize extreme events such as geomagnetic storms in that storm-time ultralow frequency wave power is typically larger than that derived over a solar cycle and Kp is a poor proxy for storm-time wave power. C1 [Murphy, Kyle R.; Sibeck, David G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Mann, Ian R.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Rae, I. Jonathan] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Dorking, Surrey, England. [Watt, Clare E. J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. RP Murphy, KR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM kyle.r.murphy@nasa.gov RI Watt, Clare/C-5218-2008; OI Watt, Clare/0000-0003-3193-8993; Mann, Ian/0000-0003-1004-7841 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 7895 EP 7899 DI 10.1002/2016JA022618 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4EQ UT WOS:000385811500042 PM 27867798 ER PT J AU Clark, G Cohen, I Westlake, JH Andrews, GB Brandt, P Gold, RE Gkioulidou, MA Hacala, R Haggerty, D Hill, ME Ho, GC Jaskulek, SE Kollmann, P Mauk, BH McNutt, RL Mitchell, DG Nelson, KS Paranicas, C Paschalidis, N Schlemm, CE AF Clark, G. Cohen, I. Westlake, J. H. Andrews, G. B. Brandt, P. Gold, R. E. Gkioulidou, M. A. Hacala, R. Haggerty, D. Hill, M. E. Ho, G. C. Jaskulek, S. E. Kollmann, P. Mauk, B. H. McNutt, R. L., Jr. Mitchell, D. G. Nelson, K. S. Paranicas, C. Paschalidis, N. Schlemm, C. E. TI The "Puck" energetic charged particle detector: Design, heritage, and advancements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SOLAR-WIND; SATURNS MAGNETOSPHERE; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; OUTER HELIOSPHERE; CARBON FOILS; FIELD LINES; SPACECRAFT; IONS; INSTRUMENT; ELECTRON AB Energetic charged particle detectors characterize a portion of the plasma distribution function that plays critical roles in some physical processes, from carrying the currents in planetary ring currents to weathering the surfaces of planetary objects. For several low-resource missions in the past, the need was recognized for a low-resource but highly capable, mass-species-discriminating energetic particle sensor that could also obtain angular distributions without motors or mechanical articulation. This need led to the development of a compact Energetic Particle Detector (EPD), known as the "Puck" EPD (short for hockey puck), that is capable of determining the flux, angular distribution, and composition of incident ions between an energy range of similar to 10 keV to several MeV. This sensor makes simultaneous angular measurements of electron fluxes from the tens of keV to about 1 MeV. The same measurements can be extended down to approximately 1 keV/nucleon, with some composition ambiguity. These sensors have a proven flight heritage record that includes missions such as MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging and New Horizons, with multiple sensors on each of Juno, Van Allen Probes, and Magnetospheric Multiscale. In this review paper we discuss the Puck EPD design, its heritage, unexpected results from these past missions and future advancements. We also discuss high-voltage anomalies that are thought to be associated with the use of curved foils, which is a new foil manufacturing processes utilized on recent Puck EPD designs. Finally, we discuss the important role Puck EPDs can potentially play in upcoming missions. C1 [Clark, G.; Cohen, I.; Westlake, J. H.; Andrews, G. B.; Brandt, P.; Gold, R. E.; Gkioulidou, M. A.; Hacala, R.; Haggerty, D.; Hill, M. E.; Ho, G. C.; Jaskulek, S. E.; Kollmann, P.; Mauk, B. H.; McNutt, R. L., Jr.; Mitchell, D. G.; Nelson, K. S.; Paranicas, C.; Schlemm, C. E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Paschalidis, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Clark, G (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. EM george.clark@jhuapl.edu RI Cohen, Ian/K-3038-2015; Paranicas, Christopher/B-1470-2016; Mauk, Barry/E-8420-2017 OI Cohen, Ian/0000-0002-9163-6009; Paranicas, Christopher/0000-0002-4391-8255; Mauk, Barry/0000-0001-9789-3797 FU APL; NASA FX We would like to recognize and thank the many engineers and scientists (too many to mention by name) that have contributed to the development and delivery of the Puck instruments. It is their hard work, innovative ASIC, mechanical and electrical designs, and their very long hours spent testing, calibrating, and qualifying the hardware, that have directly made the Pucks the innovative and successful instruments that they are. We would also like to acknowledge the support of APL and NASA. Data supporting this work will be made available upon request (george.clark@jhuapl.edu). NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 7900 EP 7913 DI 10.1002/2016JA022579 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ4EQ UT WOS:000385811500043 PM 27867799 ER PT J AU Ohta, Y Fukagawa, M Sitko, ML Muto, T Kraus, S Grady, CA Wisniewski, JP Swearingen, JR Shibai, H Sumi, T Hashimoto, J Kudo, T Kusakabe, N Momose, M Okamoto, Y Kotani, T Takami, M Currie, T Thalmann, C Janson, M Akiyama, E Follette, KB Mayama, S Abe, L Brandner, W Brandt, TD Carson, JC Egner, SE Feldt, M Goto, M Guyon, O Hayano, Y Hayashi, M Hayashi, SS Henning, T Hodapp, KW Ishii, M Iye, M Kandori, R Knapp, GR Kuzuhara, M Kwon, J Matsuo, T McElwain, MW Miyama, S Morino, JI Moro-Martin, A Nishimura, T Pyo, TS Serabyn, E Suenaga, T Suto, H Suzuki, R Takahashi, YH Takami, H Takato, N Terada, H Tomono, D Turner, EL Usuda, T Watanabe, M Yamada, T Tamura, M AF Ohta, Yurina Fukagawa, Misato Sitko, Michael L. Muto, Takayuki Kraus, Stefan Grady, Carol A. Wisniewski, John P. Swearingen, Jeremy R. Shibai, Hiroshi Sumi, Takahiro Hashimoto, Jun Kudo, Tomoyuki Kusakabe, Nobuhiko Momose, Munetake Okamoto, Yoshiko Kotani, Takayuki Takami, Michihiro Currie, Thayne Thalmann, Christian Janson, Markus Akiyama, Eiji Follette, Katherine B. Mayama, Satoshi Abe, Lyu Brandner, Wolfgang Brandt, Timothy D. Carson, Joseph C. Egner, Sebastian E. Feldt, Markus Goto, Miwa Guyon, Olivier Hayano, Yutaka Hayashi, Masahiko Hayashi, Saeko S. Henning, Thomas Hodapp, Klaus W. Ishii, Miki Iye, Masanori Kandori, Ryo Knapp, Gillian R. Kuzuhara, Masayuki Kwon, Jungmi Matsuo, Taro McElwain, Michael W. Miyama, Shoken Morino, Jun-Ichi Moro-Martin, Amaya Nishimura, Tetsuo Pyo, Tae-Soo Serabyn, Eugene Suenaga, Takuya Suto, Hiroshi Suzuki, Ryuji Takahashi, Yasuhiro H. Takami, Hideki Takato, Naruhisa Terada, Hiroshi Tomono, Daigo Turner, Edwin L. Usuda, Tomonori Watanabe, Makoto Yamada, Toru Tamura, Motohide TI Extreme asymmetry in the polarized disk of V1247 Orionis SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; protoplatenary disks; stars: individual (V1247 Orionis); techniques: polarimetric; techniques: high angular resolution ID PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE; HERBIG AE STARS; PROTOPLANETARY DISK; TRANSITIONAL DISK; HD 142527; SCATTERED-LIGHT; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; PLANET FORMATION; SAO 206462; MWC 758 AB We present the first near-infrared scattered-light detection of the transitional disk around V1247 Ori, which was obtained using high-resolution polarimetric differential imaging observations with Subaru/HiCIAO. Our imaging in the H band reveals the disk morphology at separations of similar to 0.'' 14-0.'' 86 (54-330 au) from the central star. The polarized intensity image shows a remarkable arc-like structure toward the southeast of the star, whereas the fainter northwest region does not exhibit any notable features. The shape of the arm is consistent with an arc of 0.'' 28 +/- 0.'' 09 in radius (108 au from the star), although the possibility of a spiral arm with a small pitch angle cannot be excluded. V1247 Ori features an exceptionally large azimuthal contrast in scattered, polarized light; the radial peak of the southeastern arc is about three times brighter than the northwestern disk measured at the same distance from the star. Combined with the previous indication of an inhomogeneous density distribution in the gap at less than or similar to 46 au, the notable asymmetry in the outer disk suggests the presence of unseen companions and/or planet-forming processes ongoing in the arc. C1 [Ohta, Yurina; Fukagawa, Misato; Shibai, Hiroshi; Sumi, Takahiro; Matsuo, Taro] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Fukagawa, Misato; Hashimoto, Jun; Kotani, Takayuki; Akiyama, Eiji; Hayashi, Masahiko; Iye, Masanori; Kandori, Ryo; Morino, Jun-Ichi; Terada, Hiroshi; Usuda, Tomonori; Tamura, Motohide] Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Fukagawa, Misato] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Particle & Astrophys Sci, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Sitko, Michael L.; Swearingen, Jeremy R.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, 400 Geol Phys Bldg,POB 210011, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Sitko, Michael L.] Space Sci Inst, 475 Walnut St,Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Muto, Takayuki] Kogakuin Univ, Div Liberal Arts, Shinijuku Ku, 1-24-2 Nishi Shinjuku, Tokyo 1638677, Japan. [Kraus, Stefan] Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Grady, Carol A.] Eureka Sci Inc, 2452 Delmer St Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602 USA. [Grady, Carol A.; McElwain, Michael W.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wisniewski, John P.] Univ Oklahoma, HL Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, 440 W Brooks St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kudo, Tomoyuki; Currie, Thayne; Egner, Sebastian E.; Guyon, Olivier; Hayano, Yutaka; Hayashi, Saeko S.; Nishimura, Tetsuo; Pyo, Tae-Soo; Suto, Hiroshi; Suzuki, Ryuji; Takami, Hideki; Takato, Naruhisa; Tomono, Daigo] Subaru Telescope, 650 North Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Momose, Munetake; Okamoto, Yoshiko] Ibaraki Univ, Coll Sci, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. [Takami, Michihiro] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Thalmann, Christian] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Postbus 94249, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Janson, Markus] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Follette, Katherine B.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mayama, Satoshi] Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Ctr Promot Integrated Sci, Hayama, Kanagawa 2400193, Japan. [Abe, Lyu] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observ Cote Azur, Lab Lagrange UMR 7293, 28 Ave Valrose, F-06108 Nice 2, France. [Brandner, Wolfgang; Feldt, Markus; Henning, Thomas] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Brandt, Timothy D.; Knapp, Gillian R.; Turner, Edwin L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall,Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Carson, Joseph C.] Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, 58 Coming St, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Goto, Miwa] Univ Munich, Univ Sternwarte Muunchen, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Hodapp, Klaus W.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 640 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Kuzuhara, Masayuki] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kwon, Jungmi; Takahashi, Yasuhiro H.; Tamura, Motohide] Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Miyama, Shoken] Hiroshima Univ, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Moro-Martin, Amaya] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Moro-Martin, Amaya] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Serabyn, Eugene] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Suenaga, Takuya] Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Turner, Edwin L.] Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Watanabe, Makoto] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Cosmosci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Yamada, Toru] Tohoku Univ, Astron Inst, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RP Fukagawa, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan.; Fukagawa, M (reprint author), Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan.; Fukagawa, M (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Particle & Astrophys Sci, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. EM fukagawa@u.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI MIYAMA, Shoken/A-3598-2015; OI Feldt, Markus/0000-0002-4188-5242 FU MEXT KAKENHI [23103005]; STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowship [ST/J004030/1]; Marie Curie CIG grant [SH-06192] FX This work is supported by MEXT KAKENHI No. 23103005. S.K. acknowledges support from an STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (ST/J004030/1) and Marie Curie CIG grant (SH-06192). NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 68 IS 4 AR 53 DI 10.1093/pasj/psw051 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ1XB UT WOS:000385634000007 ER PT J AU Tanaka, YT Gonzalez, JB Itoh, R Finke, JD Inoue, Y Ojha, R Carpenter, B Lindfors, E Krauss, F Desiante, R Shiki, K Fukazawa, Y Longo, F McEnery, JE Buson, S Nilsson, K Ramazani, VF Reinthal, R Takalo, L Pursimo, T Boschin, W AF Tanaka, Yasuyuki T. Gonzalez, Josefa Becerra Itoh, Ryosuke Finke, Justin D. Inoue, Yoshiyuki Ojha, Roopesh Carpenter, Bryce Lindfors, Elina Krauss, Felicia Desiante, Rachele Shiki, Kensei Fukazawa, Yasushi Longo, Francesco McEnery, Julie E. Buson, Sara Nilsson, Kari Ramazani, Vandad Fallah Reinthal, Riho Takalo, Leo Pursimo, Tapio Boschin, Walter TI A significant hardening and rising shape detected in the MeV/GeV nu F-nu spectrum from the recently discovered very-high-energy blazar S4 0954+65 during the bright optical flare in 2015 February SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: individual (S4 0954+65); galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies; X-rays: galaxies ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; BL-LAC OBJECTS; GAMMA-RAY; COMPTON ANALYSIS; COMPLETE SAMPLE; SOURCE CATALOG; RADIO QUASARS; PKS 1441+25; FERMI-LAT AB We report on Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and multi-wavelength results on the recently discovered very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) blazar S4 0954+65 (z = 0.368) during an exceptionally bright optical flare in 2015 February. During the time period (2015 February 13/14, or MJD57067) when the MAGIC telescope detected VHE gamma-ray emission from the source, the Fermi-LAT data indicated a significant spectral hardening at GeV energies, with a power-law photon index of 1.8 +/- 0.1-compared with the 3FGL (The Fermi LAT 4-Year Point Source Catalog) value (averaged over four years of observation) of 2.34 +/- 0.04. In contrast, Swift X-Ray Telescope data showed a softening of the X-ray spectrum, with a photon index of 1.72 +/- 0.08 (compared with 1.38 +/- 0.03 averaged during the flare from MJD 57066 to 57077), possibly indicating a modest contribution of synchrotron photons by the highest-energy electrons superposed on the inverse Compton component. Fitting of the quasi-simultaneous (<1 d) broad-band spectrum with a one-zone synchrotron plus inverse-Compton model revealed that GeV/TeV emission could be produced by inverse-Compton scattering of external photons from the dust torus. We emphasize that a flaring blazar showing high flux of greater than or similar to 1.0 x 10(-6) photons cm(-2) s(-1) (E > 100 MeV) and a hard spectral index of Gamma(GeV) < 2.0 detected by Fermi-LAT on daily timescales is a promising target for TeV follow-up by ground-based Cherenkov telescopes to discover high-redshift blazars, investigate their temporal variability and spectral features in the VHE band, and also constrain the intensity of the extragalactic background light. C1 [Tanaka, Yasuyuki T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gonzalez, Josefa Becerra; Ojha, Roopesh; Carpenter, Bryce; McEnery, Julie E.; Buson, Sara] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gonzalez, Josefa Becerra; McEnery, Julie E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gonzalez, Josefa Becerra; McEnery, Julie E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Itoh, Ryosuke; Shiki, Kensei; Fukazawa, Yasushi] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Finke, Justin D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Inoue, Yoshiyuki] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Ojha, Roopesh; Buson, Sara] Univ Maryland, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Ojha, Roopesh; Carpenter, Bryce] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Lindfors, Elina; Ramazani, Vandad Fallah; Reinthal, Riho; Takalo, Leo] Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuorla Observ, Vaisalantie 20, FI-21500 Piikkio, Finland. [Krauss, Felicia] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dr Remeis Sternwarte & ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Krauss, Felicia] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, Emil Fischer Str 31, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Desiante, Rachele] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Desiante, Rachele] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Sci Matemat Informat & Fis, Via Palladio 8, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Longo, Francesco] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Udine, Italy. [Longo, Francesco] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Nilsson, Kari] Univ Turku, Finnish Ctr Astron ESO, Vaisalantie, FI-21500 Piikkio, Finland. [Pursimo, Tapio] Nord Opt Telescope, Apartado 474, E-38700 Santa Cruz De La Palma, Santa Cruz De T, Spain. [Boschin, Walter] Fdn G Galilei INAF Telescopio Nazl Galileo, Rambla JA Fernandez Perez 7, E-38712 Brena Baja, La Palma, Spain. [Boschin, Walter] Inst Astrofis Canarias, C Via Lactea S-N, E-38205 San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. [Boschin, Walter] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Av Astrofis F Sanchez S-N, E-38205 San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. RP Tanaka, YT (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. EM ytanaka@hep01.hepl.hiroshima-u.ac.jp FU NASA [NNH12ZDA001N, NNH13ZDA001N-FERMI]; Kakenhi [15K17652] FX We appreciate the referee's careful reading and valuable comments. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. This research was funded in part by NASA through Fermi Guest Investigator grants NNH12ZDA001N and NNH13ZDA001N-FERMI. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. YTT is supported by Kakenhi 15K17652. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 68 IS 4 AR 51 DI 10.1093/pasj/psw049 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DZ1XB UT WOS:000385634000005 ER PT J AU Thomas, BF Landerer, FW Wiese, DN Famiglietti, JS AF Thomas, Brian F. Landerer, Felix W. Wiese, David N. Famiglietti, James S. TI A comparison of watershed storage trends over the eastern and upper Midwestern regions of the United States, 2003-2015 SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE base flow recession; watershed Storage; GRACE ID RENEWABLE GROUNDWATER STRESS; BASEFLOW RECESSION ANALYSIS; HYDROLOGICAL MODELS; CLIMATE MODELS; TIME-SERIES; MIDDLE-EAST; RIVER-BASIN; LOW-FLOW; GRACE; DROUGHT AB Basin-scale groundwater storage trends calculated from long-term streamflow records provide insight into the evolution of watershed behaviors. Our study presents the first spatially relevant validation of recession-based trend approaches by comparing three independent storage trend estimates using GRACE-derived groundwater storage, in situ groundwater elevation observations, and recession-based approaches for the time period of 2003-2015. Results documented consistent agreement between spatially interpolated groundwater observation trends and recession-based storage trends, while GRACE-derived groundwater trends were found to exhibit variable, poor comparisons. A decreasing trend in watershed storage was identified in the southeastern U.S. while increasing trends were identified in the northeast and upper Midwest estimated from recession-based approaches. Our recession-based approach conducted using nested watershed streamflow records identified variable watershed storage trends at scales directly applicable for comparative hydrology studies and for assisting in watershed-based water resources management decisions. C1 [Thomas, Brian F.; Landerer, Felix W.; Wiese, David N.; Famiglietti, James S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Thomas, Brian F.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Famiglietti, James S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Famiglietti, James S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA USA. RP Thomas, BF (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Thomas, BF (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM bfthomas@pitt.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA MEaSUREs Program; NASA GRACE Science Team FX The research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. GRACE land data are available at http://grace.jpl.nasa.gov, supported by the NASA MEaSUREs Program. Support from the NASA GRACE Science Team is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also express their appreciation to the associate editor and three anonymous reviewers whose comments contributed to substantial improvements to the original manuscript. NR 122 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 52 IS 8 BP 6335 EP 6347 DI 10.1002/2016WR018617 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DW5KT UT WOS:000383684400035 ER PT J AU Burgin, MS van Zyl, JJ AF Burgin, Mariko S. van Zyl, Jakob J. TI Analysis of Polarimetric Radar Data and Soil Moisture From Aquarius: Towards a Regression-Based Soil Moisture Estimation Algorithm SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Moisture; polarimetric radar; soil; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); time series ID GEIGER CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION; BARE SOIL; BACKSCATTERING AB Many soil moisture radar retrieval algorithms depend on substantial amounts of ancillary data, such as land cover type and soil composition. To address this issue, we examine and expand an empirical approach by Kim and van Zyl as an alternative; it describes radar backscatter of a vegetated scene as a linear function of volumetric soil moisture, thus reducing the dependence on ancillary data. We use 2.5 years of L-band Aquarius radar and radiometer derived soil moisture data to determine the two polarization dependent parameters on a global scale and on a weekly basis. We propose a look-up table based soil moisture estimation approach; it is promising due to its simplicity and independence of ancillary data. However, the estimation performance is found to be impacted by the used land cover classification scheme. Our results show that the sensitivity of the radar signal to soil moisture changes seasonally, and that the variation differs depending on vegetation class. While this seasonal variation can be relatively small, it must be properly accounted for as it impacts the soil moisture retrieval accuracy. C1 [Burgin, Mariko S.; van Zyl, Jakob J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Burgin, MS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mariko.s.burgin@jpl.nasa.gov FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 9 IS 8 SI SI BP 3497 EP 3504 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2526899 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DY2EZ UT WOS:000384907200014 ER PT J AU Domagal-Goldman, SD Wright, KE Adamala, K de la Rubia, LA Bond, J Dartnell, LR Goldman, AD Lynch, K Naud, ME Paulino-Lima, IG Singer, K Walter-Antonio, M Abrevaya, XC Anderson, R Arney, G Atri, D Azua-Bustos, A Bowman, JS Brazelton, WJ Brennecka, GA Carns, R Chopra, A Colangelo-Lillis, J Crockett, CJ DeMarines, J Frank, EA Frantz, C de la Fuente, E Galante, D Glass, J Gleeson, D Glein, CR Goldblatt, C Horak, R Horodyskyj, L Kacar, B Kereszturi, A Knowles, E Mayeur, P McGlynn, S Miguel, Y Montgomery, M Neish, C Noack, L Rugheimer, S Stuken, EE Tamez-Hidalgo, P Walker, SI Wong, T AF Domagal-Goldman, Shawn D. Wright, Katherine E. Adamala, Katarzyna de la Rubia, Leigh Arina Bond, Jade Dartnell, Lewis R. Goldman, Aaron D. Lynch, Kennda Naud, Marie-Eve Paulino-Lima, Ivan G. Singer, Kelsi Walter-Antonio, Marina Abrevaya, Ximena C. Anderson, Rika Arney, Giada Atri, Dimitra Azua-Bustos, Armando Bowman, Jeff S. Brazelton, William J. Brennecka, Gregory A. Carns, Regina Chopra, Aditya Colangelo-Lillis, Jesse Crockett, Christopher J. DeMarines, Julia Frank, Elizabeth A. Frantz, Carie de la Fuente, Eduardo Galante, Douglas Glass, Jennifer Gleeson, Damhnait Glein, Christopher R. Goldblatt, Colin Horak, Rachel Horodyskyj, Lev Kacar, Betul Kereszturi, Akos Knowles, Emily Mayeur, Paul McGlynn, Shawn Miguel, Yamila Montgomery, Michelle Neish, Catherine Noack, Lena Rugheimer, Sarah Stueken, Eva E. Tamez-Hidalgo, Paulina Walker, Sara Imari Wong, Teresa TI The Astrobiology Primer v2.0 SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARTIAN METEORITE ALH84001; EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; LATE HEAVY BOMBARDMENT; TEMPLATE-DIRECTED SYNTHESIS; SITE-SPECIFIC INCORPORATION; UNIVERSAL COMMON ANCESTOR; TRANSITION-METAL SULFIDES; HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; PERMIAN MASS EXTINCTION; BANDED IRON FORMATIONS C1 [Domagal-Goldman, Shawn D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Domagal-Goldman, Shawn D.] Virtual Planetary Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Wright, Katherine E.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wright, Katherine E.] UK Space Agcy, Swindon, Wilts, England. [Adamala, Katarzyna] Univ Minnesota, Dept Genet Cell Biol & Dev, Minneapolis, MN USA. [de la Rubia, Leigh Arina] Tennessee State Univ, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Bond, Jade] Univ New South Wales, Dept Phys, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Dartnell, Lewis R.] Univ Westminster, London, England. [Goldman, Aaron D.] Oberlin Coll, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Lynch, Kennda] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Naud, Marie-Eve] Univ Montreal, Inst Res Exoplanets IREx, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Paulino-Lima, Ivan G.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Mountain View, CA USA. [Paulino-Lima, Ivan G.; Atri, Dimitra; Azua-Bustos, Armando; DeMarines, Julia; Walker, Sara Imari] Blue Marble Space Inst Sci, Seattle, WA USA. [Singer, Kelsi] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Walter-Antonio, Marina] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. [Abrevaya, Ximena C.] UBA, CONICET, IAFE, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Anderson, Rika] Carleton Coll, Dept Biol, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. [Arney, Giada] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Arney, Giada] Univ Washington, Astrobiol Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Azua-Bustos, Armando] Univ Autonoma Chile, Ctr Invest Biomed, Santiago, Chile. [Bowman, Jeff S.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Brazelton, William J.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Brennecka, Gregory A.] Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, Munster, Germany. [Carns, Regina] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Chopra, Aditya] Australian Natl Univ, Planetary Sci Inst, Res Sch Earth Sci, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Colangelo-Lillis, Jesse] McGill Univ, Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Colangelo-Lillis, Jesse] McGill Space Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Crockett, Christopher J.] Soc Sci & Publ, Washington, DC USA. [Frank, Elizabeth A.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Frantz, Carie] Weber State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. [de la Fuente, Eduardo] Univ Guadalajara, Dept Fis, CUCEI, IAM, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. [Galante, Douglas] Brazilian Synchrotron Light Lab, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Glass, Jennifer] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Gleeson, Damhnait] Sci Fdn Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. [Glein, Christopher R.] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Goldblatt, Colin] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Horak, Rachel] Amer Soc Microbiol, Washington, DC USA. [Horodyskyj, Lev] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Kacar, Betul] Harvard Univ, Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kereszturi, Akos] Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Budapest, Hungary. [Knowles, Emily] Johnson & Wales Univ, Denver, CO USA. [Mayeur, Paul] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY USA. [McGlynn, Shawn] Tokyo Inst Technol, Earth Life Sci Inst, Tokyo, Japan. [Miguel, Yamila] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Lab Lagrange, Observ Cote Azur, UMR 7293,CNRS, Nice, France. [Montgomery, Michelle] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Neish, Catherine] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON, Canada. [Noack, Lena] Royal Observ Belgium, Brussels, Belgium. [Rugheimer, Sarah] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rugheimer, Sarah] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. [Stueken, Eva E.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stueken, Eva E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Tamez-Hidalgo, Paulina] Novozymes AS, Bagsvaerd, Denmark. [Walker, Sara Imari] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Walker, Sara Imari] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Fundamental Concepts Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Wong, Teresa] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Domagal-Goldman, SD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.; Domagal-Goldman, SD (reprint author), Virtual Planetary Lab, Seattle, WA USA.; Domagal-Goldman, SD (reprint author), NASA, Planetary Environments Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,Mail Stop 699-0, Washington, MD 20771 USA. EM shawn.goldman@nasa.gov RI azua-bustos, armando/P-8787-2016; Galante, Douglas/G-8752-2011; Lynch, Kennda/C-4011-2011; OI Galante, Douglas/0000-0002-3265-2527; Lynch, Kennda/0000-0001-5229-5515; Frantz, Carie/0000-0003-2544-9245; Rugheimer, Sarah/0000-0003-1620-7658 FU NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory Lead Team; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the NASA Astrobiology Institute [NNH05ZDA001C, NNH12ZDA002C, NNA08CN87A, NNA13AA93A]; Baldrich Chile and Kingston Technology, Chile; Australian National University; University of Washington Astrobiology Program; NASA Astrobiology Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; Virtual Planetary Laboratory; (NKFIH) projects [COST TD1308, COOP-NN-116927]; NAI Astrobiology Biogeocatalysis Research Center; NSF-IGERT Program in Geobiological Systems at Montana State University; Helmholtz Alliance "Planetary Evolution and Life"; Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme - Belgian Science Policy Office through the Planet Topers alliance; Carnegie Institution for Science; NASA Astrobiology Institute through a NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellowship; NAI Early Career Research Collaboration Fellowship; NASA Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology [NNX13AI08G]; NASA Astrobiology Institute through the NASA Postdoctoral Program; NASA Harriet Jenkins Pre-doctoral Fellowship; CSM Bechtel K-5 Excellence in Education Initiative; NSF; ARC; CONICET; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory; Argentinian National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET) FX Individual author acknowledgements follow. S.D.D.G. would like to acknowledge support from the NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory Lead Team, supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the NASA Astrobiology Institute under solicitations NNH05ZDA001C and NNH12ZDA002C and Cooperative Agreement NNA08CN87A and NNA13AA93A. K.E.W. acknowledges the David and Lucille Packard Foundation. A.A.B. would like to acknowledge support from Baldrich Chile and Kingston Technology, Chile. A.C. acknowledges support from the Australian National University. E.E.S. acknowledges support from the University of Washington Astrobiology Program. W.J.B. acknowledges support from the University of Washington Astrobiology Program and the NASA Astrobiology Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. R.E.A. acknowledges support from the University of Washington Astrobiology Program and the NASA Astrobiology Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. G.N.A. acknowledges support from the University of Washington Astrobiology Program and the Virtual Planetary Laboratory. P.M. acknowledges the New York Center for Astrobiology NASA Astrobiology Institute. D.G. would like to acknowledge the Brazilian Research Unity in Astrobiology (NAP/Astrobio) from the University of Sao Paulo, and the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (Fapesp). I.G.P.L. would like to acknowledge the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel in Brazil (CAPES), NASA Postdoctoral Program administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities (NPP/ORAU), and Blue Marble Space Institute of Science (BMSIS). A.K. acknowledges support from COST TD1308 and COOP-NN-116927 (NKFIH) projects. S.E.M. acknowledges support from the NAI Astrobiology Biogeocatalysis Research Center and the NSF-IGERT Program in Geobiological Systems at Montana State University. L.N. acknowledges funding by the Helmholtz Alliance "Planetary Evolution and Life" and the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme initiated by the Belgian Science Policy Office through the Planet Topers alliance. This work results within the collaboration of the COST Action TD 1308. C.R.G. acknowledges support from the Carnegie Institution for Science. B.K. acknowledges support from the NASA Astrobiology Institute through a NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellowship, the NAI Early Career Research Collaboration Fellowship and the NASA Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology grant under solicitation NNX13AI08G. S.I.W. acknowledges support from the NASA Astrobiology Institute through the NASA Postdoctoral Program. J.C.L. acknowledges support from the University of Washington Astrobiology Program. K.L.L. would like to acknowledge support from the NASA Harriet Jenkins Pre-doctoral Fellowship and the CSM Bechtel K-5 Excellence in Education Initiative. C.F. acknowledges the support of an NSF graduate research fellowship. J.B. acknowledges the support of the ARC. Y.M. acknowledges the support of the CONICET graduate research fellowship. A.D.G. acknowledges support from the NASA Astrobiology Institute through the NASA Postdoctoral Program. J.S.B. acknowledges an institutional postdoctoral fellowship from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. J.B. acknowledges the support of the ARC. Y.M. acknowledges the support of the Argentinian National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET) graduate research fellowship. A.D.G. acknowledges support from the NASA Astrobiology Institute through the NASA Postdoctoral Program. X.C.A.; acknowledges the support from the Argentinian National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET). NR 865 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 33 U2 33 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 EI 1557-8070 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD AUG PY 2016 VL 16 IS 8 BP 561 EP 653 DI 10.1089/ast.2015.1460 PG 93 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA DU4TW UT WOS:000382206500001 PM 27532777 ER PT J AU Voytek, MA AF Voytek, Mary A. TI NASA Astrobiology Strategy 2015 SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Voytek, Mary A.] NASA Headquarters, Astrobiol, Sci Mission Directorate, Room 3B52, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Voytek, MA (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Astrobiol, Sci Mission Directorate, Room 3B52, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM mary.voytek-1@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 EI 1557-8070 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD AUG PY 2016 VL 16 IS 8 BP 654 EP 656 DI 10.1089/ast.2016.78201.es PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA DU4TW UT WOS:000382206500002 ER PT J AU Cady, SL Boston, P AF Cady, Sherry L. Boston, Penelope TI Interview with Penelope Boston, Director of the NASA Astrobiology Institute SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cady, Sherry L.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab EMSL, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Boston, Penelope] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NASA Astrobiol Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Cady, SL (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab EMSL, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 EI 1557-8070 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD AUG PY 2016 VL 16 IS 8 BP 657 EP 660 DI 10.1089/ast.2016.79002.pb PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA DU4TW UT WOS:000382206500003 PM 27532779 ER PT J AU Chan, AA Bashir, M Duval, K Vaishampayan, PA Love, S Lee, DJ AF Chan, A. A. Bashir, M. Duval, K. Vaishampayan, P. A. Love, S. Lee, D. J. TI Differences in the breast ductal fluid microbiome from healthy women vs. women with a history of breast cancer SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Congress of Immunology (ICI) CY AUG 21-26, 2016 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 [Chan, A. A.; Lee, D. J.] John Wayne Canc Inst, Translat Immunol, Santa Monica, CA USA. [Bashir, M.; Vaishampayan, P. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Biotechnol & Planetary Protect Grp, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bashir, M.] Med Univ Graz, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Graz, Austria. [Duval, K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Breast Ctr, Westwood, CA USA. [Duval, K.; Love, S.] Doctor Susan Love Res Fdn, Encino, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-2980 EI 1521-4141 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 46 SU 1 SI SI MA 455 BP 456 EP 456 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA DW4KA UT WOS:000383610401109 ER PT J AU Gilbert, A Flowers, GE Miller, GH Rabus, BT Van Wychen, W Gardner, AS Copland, L AF Gilbert, A. Flowers, G. E. Miller, G. H. Rabus, B. T. Van Wychen, W. Gardner, A. S. Copland, L. TI Sensitivity of Barnes Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Canada, to climate state and internal dynamics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE ice cap stability; climate; Canadian Arctic ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; ARCTIC ARCHIPELAGO; BYLOT ISLAND; THERMAL REGIME; SHEET MODEL; MASS-LOSS; GLACIERS; TEMPERATURE; FLOW; PRECIPITATION AB Barnes Ice Cap is a remnant of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, which covered much of northern North America during the Last Glacial Maximum. Barnes reached a quasi-equilibrium state similar to 2000years ago and has remained similar in size since then, with a small increase during the Little Ice Age. In this study, we combine historical observations (1960-1980) with more recent satellite and airborne data (1995-2010) to drive a mass balance model coupled to a transient thermomechanical model with an adaptive mesh geometry. The model is used to characterize the current state of the ice cap and to investigate its stability as a function of climate and its own internal dynamics. On millennial time scales we show that ice flow is influenced by adjustment of an unsteady shape, by gently sloping bedrock, and by contrasting viscosities between the Pleistocene and Holocene ice. On shorter time scales, Barnes is affected by surge activity. Sensitivity tests reveal that Barnes experienced climate conditions which enabled its stability 2000 to 3000years ago but will disappear under current climate conditions in the next millennium. C1 [Gilbert, A.; Flowers, G. E.; Rabus, B. T.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC, Canada. [Miller, G. H.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, G. H.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Van Wychen, W.; Copland, L.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Gardner, A. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Gilbert, A (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC, Canada. EM adrieng@sfu.ca OI Gardner, Alex/0000-0002-8394-8889 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Simon Fraser University FX We are grateful for financial support provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Simon Fraser University. This research was enabled in part by WestGrid (www.westgrid.ca) and Compute Canada/Calcul Canada (www.computecanada.ca). We thank Gerry Holdsworth for providing an abundance of original literature on Barnes, Roger Hooke and John Andrews for literature and conversations, Valentina Radic and Alex Cannon for supplying gridded climate data, and Dan Shugar for pointing us to the InSAR velocity data. We would like to thank 3vGeomatics Inc for the ERS SAR raw data sets and for providing access to their computer environment to calculate the InSAR displacement map. Bedrock topography data used in this paper were acquired by NASA's Operation IceBridge Project. Meteorological data are available on http://climate.weather.gc.ca/ and all other data used are available in the cited references or included in the figures of the manuscript. We are grateful to Roger Hooke and Andy Aschwanden for their careful reviews of the manuscript and to Bryn Hubbard for editorial oversight. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 1516 EP 1539 DI 10.1002/2016JF003839 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DX5SN UT WOS:000384442100006 ER PT J AU Konduru, V Bellur, K Medici, EF Allen, JS Choi, CK Hussey, DS Jacobson, D Leao, JB McQuillen, J Hermanson, JC AF Konduru, Vinaykumar Bellur, Kishan Medici, Ezequiel F. Allen, Jeffrey S. Choi, Chang Kyoung Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David Leao, Juscelino B. McQuillen, John Hermanson, James C. TI Examining Liquid Hydrogen Wettability Using Neutron Imaging SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT News Item C1 [Konduru, Vinaykumar; Bellur, Kishan; Medici, Ezequiel F.; Allen, Jeffrey S.; Choi, Chang Kyoung] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David; Leao, Juscelino B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McQuillen, John] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Hermanson, James C.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Choi, CK (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2016 VL 138 IS 8 AR 080901 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA DW9HC UT WOS:000383966300003 ER PT J AU Wada, Y Lo, MH Yeh, PJF Reager, JT Famiglietti, JS Wu, RJ Tseng, YH AF Wada, Yoshihide Lo, Min-Hui Yeh, Pat J. -F. Reager, John T. Famiglietti, James S. Wu, Ren-Jie Tseng, Yu-Heng TI Fate of water pumped from underground and contributions to sea-level rise SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER DEPLETION; IRRIGATION; STORAGE; CLIMATE; STRESS; TRENDS; GRACE; CYCLE; MODEL AB The contributions from terrestrial water sources to sea-level rise, other than ice caps and glaciers, are highly uncertain and heavily debated(1-5). Recent assessments indicate that ground-water depletion (GWD) may become the most important positive terrestrial contribution(6-10) over the next 50 years, probably equal in magnitude to the current contributions from glaciers and ice caps(6). However, the existing estimates assume that nearly 100% of groundwater extracted eventually ends up in the oceans. Owing to limited knowledge of the pathways and mechanisms governing the ultimate fate of pumped groundwater, the relative fraction of global GWD that contributes to sea-level rise remains unknown. Here, using a coupled climate-hydrological model(11,12) simulation, we show that only 80% of GWD ends up in the ocean. An increase in runoff to the ocean accounts for roughly two-thirds, whereas the remainder results from the enhanced net flux of precipitation minus evaporation over the ocean, due to increased atmospheric vapour transport from the land to the ocean. The contribution of GWD to global sea-level rise amounted to 0.02 (+/- 0.004) mm yr(-1) in 1900 and increased to 0.27 (+/- 0.04) mm yr(-1) in 2000. This indicates that existing studies have substantially overestimated the contribution of GWD to global sea-level rise by a cumulative amount of at least 10 mm during the twentieth century and early twenty-first century. With other terrestrial water contributions included, we estimate the net terrestrial water contribution during the period 1993-2010 to be +0.12 (+/- 0.04) mm yr(-1), suggesting that the net terrestrialwater contribution reported in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report report is probably overestimated by a factor of three. C1 [Wada, Yoshihide] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Wada, Yoshihide] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Wada, Yoshihide] Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys Geog, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands. [Wada, Yoshihide] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Lo, Min-Hui; Wu, Ren-Jie] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Yeh, Pat J. -F.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. [Reager, John T.; Famiglietti, James S.] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Famiglietti, James S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Tseng, Yu-Heng] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wada, Y (reprint author), NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.; Wada, Y (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA.; Wada, Y (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys Geog, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands.; Wada, Y (reprint author), Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. EM y.wada@uu.nl; minhuilo@ntu.edu.tw RI YEH, Pat/B-2758-2011; OI YEH, Pat/0000-0001-7629-3362; LO, MIN-HUI/0000-0002-8653-143X; Tseng, Yu-heng/0000-0002-4816-4974 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Oversea Research Fellowship [JSPS-2014-878]; NASA from GRACE; Sea Level Program; Water Initiative at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; University of California Office of the President, Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives; [MOST-104-2923-M-002-002-MY4]; [MOST-100-2119-M-001-029-MY5] FX Y.W. is supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Oversea Research Fellowship (grant no. JSPS-2014-878). M.-H.L. is supported by grants MOST-104-2923-M-002-002-MY4 and MOST-100-2119-M-001-029-MY5 to National Taiwan University. J.T.R. and J.S.F. are supported by NASA grants from the GRACE Science Team, the Sea Level Program and by Water Initiative at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. M.-H.L., J.T.R. and J.S.F. are also supported by a grant from the University of California Office of the President, Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 14 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 6 IS 8 BP 777 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE3001 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DU3TJ UT WOS:000382134800016 ER PT J AU Deryng, D Elliott, J Folberth, C Muller, C Pugh, TAM Boote, KJ Conway, D Ruane, AC Gerten, D Jones, JW Khabarov, N Olin, S Schapho, S Schmid, E Yang, H Rosenzweig, C AF Deryng, Delphine Elliott, Joshua Folberth, Christian Mueller, Christoph Pugh, Thomas A. M. Boote, Kenneth J. Conway, Declan Ruane, Alex C. Gerten, Dieter Jones, James W. Khabarov, Nikolay Olin, Stefan Schapho, Sibyll Schmid, Erwin Yang, Hong Rosenzweig, Cynthia TI Regional disparities in the beneficial effects of rising CO2 concentrations on crop water productivity SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; WHEAT EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; USE EFFICIENCY; MODEL; YIELD; SOIL; NITROGEN AB Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) are expected to enhance photosynthesis and reduce crop water use(1). However, there is high uncertainty about the global implications of these effects for future crop production and agricultural water requirements under climate change. Here we combine results from networks of field experiments(1,2) and global crop models(3) to present a spatially explicit global perspective on crop water productivity (CWP, the ratio of crop yield to evapotranspiration) for wheat, maize, rice and soybean under elevated [CO2] and associated climate change projected for a high-end greenhouse gas emissions scenario. We find CO2 effects increase global CWP by 10[0;47]%-27[7;37]% ( median[interquartile range] across the model ensemble) by the 2080s depending on crop types, with particularly large increases in arid regions (by up to 48[25; 56]% for rainfed wheat). If realized in the fields, the effects of elevated [CO2] could considerably mitigate global yield losses whilst reducing agricultural consumptive water use (4-17%). We identify regional disparities driven by differences in growing conditions across agro-ecosystems that could have implications for increasing food production without compromising water security. Finally, our results demonstrate the need to expand field experiments and encourage greater consistency in modelling the effects of rising [CO2] across crop and hydrological modelling communities. C1 [Deryng, Delphine; Elliott, Joshua] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Deryng, Delphine; Elliott, Joshua; Ruane, Alex C.; Rosenzweig, Cynthia] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Deryng, Delphine] Univ East Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Folberth, Christian; Yang, Hong] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol EAWAG, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Folberth, Christian; Khabarov, Nikolay] IIASA, Ecosyst Serv & Management Program, Schlosspl 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Mueller, Christoph; Gerten, Dieter; Schapho, Sibyll] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Pugh, Thomas A. M.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK IFU, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Pugh, Thomas A. M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Boote, Kenneth J.; Jones, James W.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Conway, Declan] London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, Grantham Res Inst Climate Change & Environm, London WC2A 2AE, England. [Ruane, Alex C.; Rosenzweig, Cynthia] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Gerten, Dieter] Humboldt Univ, Dept Geog, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. [Olin, Stefan] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Schmid, Erwin] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Deryng, D (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.; Deryng, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA.; Deryng, D (reprint author), Univ East Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM deryng@uchicago.edu RI Deryng, Delphine/F-7417-2010; Pugh, Thomas/A-3790-2010 OI Deryng, Delphine/0000-0001-6214-7241; Pugh, Thomas/0000-0002-6242-7371 FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01LS1201A]; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research; Belmont Forum grant from UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/L008785/1]; National Science Foundation [SBE-0951576, GEO-1215910]; BMBF [01LN1317A]; Formas Strong Research Environment 'land use today and tomorrow'; EU FP7 project EMBRACE [282672] FX This work has been conducted under the framework of ISI-MIP and in partnership with the AgMIP community. The ISI-MIP Fast Track project was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) with project funding reference number 01LS1201A. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. This work was also supported by a research stipend from the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and a Belmont Forum grant from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/L008785/1) to D.D., by the National Science Foundation under grants SBE-0951576 and GEO-1215910 to J.E., by the BMBF grant 01LN1317A to C.M., and by the Formas Strong Research Environment 'land use today and tomorrow' to S.O., T.A.M.P. was supported by EU FP7 project EMBRACE (grant no. 282672). We are grateful to B. A. Kimball and A. Leakey for pointing out appropriate literature on the FACE experiments. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 27 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 6 IS 8 BP 786 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2995 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DU3TJ UT WOS:000382134800018 ER PT J AU Tian, ZH Yu, LY Leckey, C AF Tian, Zhenhua Yu, Lingyu Leckey, Cara TI Rapid guided wave delamination detection and quantification in composites using global-local sensing SO SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE delamination detection; phased array; spatial wavenumber imaging; laser vibrometer; guided waves ID PLATE-LIKE STRUCTURES; LAMB WAVE; NUMBER ANALYSIS; PHASED-ARRAY; TRANSDUCER ARRAYS; DAMAGE DETECTION; INSPECTION; INTEGRITY; SENSORS AB This paper presents a rapid guided ultrasonic wave inspection approach through global inspection by phased array beamforming and local damage evaluation via wavenumber analysis. The global-local approach uses a hybrid system consisting of a PZT wafer and a non-contact laser vibrometer. The overall inspection is performed in two steps. First, a phased array configured by a small number of measurements performs beamforming and beamsteering over the entire plate in order to detect and locate the presence of the damage. A local area is identified as target damage area for the second step. Then a high density wavefield measurement is taken over the target damage area and a spatial wavenumber imaging is performed to quantitatively evaluate the damage. The two-step inspection has been applied to locate and quantify impact-induced delamination damage in a carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite plate. The detected delamination location, size and shape agree well with those of an ultrasonic C-scan. For the test case studied in this work the global-local approach reduced the total composite inspection (damage detection and characterization) time by similar to 97% compared to using a full scan approach. C1 [Tian, Zhenhua; Yu, Lingyu] Univ South Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Leckey, Cara] NASA, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Tian, ZH (reprint author), Univ South Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM tianz@email.sc.edu FU South Carolina Research Foundation (SCRF) [SAA1-18124]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center [SAA1-18124]; SC NASA EPSCoR Research Grant Program [521192-USCYu] FX The authors would like to thank (1) the non-reimbursement space act umbrella agreement SAA1-18124 between South Carolina Research Foundation (SCRF) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center, and (2) SC NASA EPSCoR Research Grant Program 521192-USCYu. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 EI 1361-665X J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 25 IS 8 AR 085042 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/25/8/085042 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA DV9QD UT WOS:000383275000062 ER PT J AU Acharya, N Wolak, MA Tan, T Lee, N Lang, AC Taheri, M Cunnane, D Karasik, BS Xi, XX AF Acharya, Narendra Wolak, Matthaus A. Tan, Teng Lee, Namhoon Lang, Andrew C. Taheri, Mitra Cunnane, Dan Karasik, Boris. S. Xi, X. X. TI MgB2 ultrathin films fabricated by hybrid physical chemical vapor deposition and ion milling SO APL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; THIN-FILMS AB In this letter, we report on the structural and transport measurements of ultrathin MgB2 films grown by hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition followed by low incident angle Ar ion milling. The ultrathin films as thin as 1.8 nm, or 6 unit cells, exhibit excellent superconducting properties such as high critical temperature (T-c) and high critical current density (J(c)). The results show the great potential of these ultrathin films for superconducting devices and present a possibility to explore superconductivity in MgB2 at the 2D limit. (C) 2016 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. C1 [Acharya, Narendra; Wolak, Matthaus A.; Tan, Teng; Lee, Namhoon; Xi, X. X.] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Lang, Andrew C.; Taheri, Mitra] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Cunnane, Dan; Karasik, Boris. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Tan, Teng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. RP Acharya, N (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM tud53450@temple.edu FU DoD DURIP Award from office of Naval Research [N0014-12-1-077]; College of Engineering, Temple University; NASA's Astrophysics Research and Analysis Program - from JPL; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work made use of CoE-NIC facility at Temple University. The CoE-NIC is based on DoD DURIP Award No. N0014-12-1-077 from the office of Naval Research and sponsored by the College of Engineering, Temple University. The work at Temple University was supported by the NASA's Astrophysics Research and Analysis Program through a contract from JPL. The work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2166-532X J9 APL MATER JI APL Mater. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 4 IS 8 AR 086114 DI 10.1063/1.4961635 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DW8ML UT WOS:000383910000015 ER PT J AU Battaglia, A Mroz, K Tanelli, S Tridon, F Kirstetter, PE AF Battaglia, Alessandro Mroz, Kamil Tanelli, Simone Tridon, Frederic Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel TI Multiple-Scattering-Induced "Ghost Echoes" in GPM DPR Observations of a Tornadic Supercell SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PART II; PROFILING ALGORITHM; PRECIPITATION RADAR; FAST LIDAR AB Evidence of multiple-scattering-induced pulse stretching for the signal of both frequencies of the Dual Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission Core Observatory satellite is presented on the basis of collocated ground-based WSR-88D S-band observations of an extreme case: a tornadic supercell. The ground-based observations clearly show a tilted convective core with a so-called bounded weak-echo region that is, locations where precipitation is absent or extremely light at the ground while large amounts of liquid or frozen precipitation are present aloft. The satellite observations in this region show reflectivity profiles that extend all the way to the surface despite the absence of near-surface precipitation: these are here referred to as "ghost echoes." Furthermore, the Ku- and Ka-band profiles exhibit similar slopes, which is a typical sign that the observed power is almost entirely due to multiple scattering. A novel microphysical retrieval that is based on triple-frequency (S-Ku-Ka) observations shows that a dense ice core located between 4 and 14 km with particle sizes exceeding 2.5 cm and integrated ice contents exceeding 7.0 kg m(-2) is the source of the ghost echoes of the signal in the lower layers. The level of confidence of this assessment is strengthened by the availability of the S-band data, which provide the necessary additional constraints to the radar retrieval that is based on DPR data. This study shows not only that multiple-scattering contributions may become predominant at Ka already very high up in the atmosphere but also that they play a key role at Ku band within the layers close to the surface. As a result, extreme caution must be paid even in the interpretation of Ku-based retrievals (e.g., the TRMM PR dataset or any DPR retrievals that are based on the assumption that Ku band is not affected by multiple scattering) when examining extreme surface rain rates that occur in the presence of deep dense ice layers. C1 [Battaglia, Alessandro; Mroz, Kamil] Univ Leicester, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leicester, Leics, England. [Battaglia, Alessandro; Tridon, Frederic] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Earth Observat Sci, Leicester, Leics, England. [Tanelli, Simone] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Battaglia, A (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM ab474@le.ac.uk RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Tridon, Frederic/M-4127-2013; OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Tridon, Frederic/0000-0002-0436-283X; Battaglia, Alessandro/0000-0001-9243-3484 FU project "Calibration and validation studies over the North Atlantic and United Kingdom for the Global Precipitation Mission" - United Kingdom NERC [NE/L007169/1] FX The work done by A. Battaglia and F. Tridon was funded by the project "Calibration and validation studies over the North Atlantic and United Kingdom for the Global Precipitation Mission" funded by the United Kingdom NERC (NE/L007169/1). The work done by S. Tanelli was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work was carried out for the GPM mission under the Precipitation Measurement Missions program; support by Dr. Ramesh Kakar is gratefully acknowledged. Level-1 V03B-GPM data were downloaded from the Precipitation Processing System. KCRP data were downloaded from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Climatic Data Center. This research used the SPECTRE High Performance Computing Facility at the University of Leicester. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 55 IS 8 BP 1653 EP 1666 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0136.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW0DF UT WOS:000383310400001 ER PT J AU Campbell, JR Lolli, S Lewis, JR Gu, Y Welton, EJ AF Campbell, James R. Lolli, Simone Lewis, Jasper R. Gu, Yu Welton, Ellsworth J. TI Daytime Cirrus Cloud Top-of-the-Atmosphere Radiative Forcing Properties at a Midlatitude Site and Their Global Consequences SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CIRRUS; A-TRAIN; LIDAR; PARAMETERIZATION; SCATTERING; RETRIEVALS; CLIMATE; SENSITIVITY; AEROSOLS; FEEDBACK AB One year of continuous ground-based lidar observations (2012) is analyzed for single-layer cirrus clouds at the NASA Micro Pulse Lidar Network site at the Goddard Space Flight Center to investigate top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) annual net daytime radiative forcing properties. A slight positive net daytime forcing is estimated (i.e., warming): 0.07-0.67 Wm(-2) in sample-relative terms, which reduces to 0.03-0.27 W m(-2) in absolute terms after normalising to unity based on a 40% midlatitude occurrence frequency rate estimated from satellite data. Results are based on bookend solutions for lidar extinction-to-backscatter (20 and 30 sr) and corresponding retrievals of the 532-nm cloud extinction coefficient. Uncertainties due to cloud undersampling, attenuation effects, sample selection, and lidar multiple scattering are described. A net daytime cooling effect is found from the very thinnest clouds (cloud optical depth <= 0.01), which is attributed to relatively high solar zenith angles. A relationship involving positive/negative daytime cloud forcing is demonstrated as a function of solar zenith angle and cloud-top temperature. These properties, combined with the influence of varying surface albedos, are used to conceptualise how daytime cloud forcing likely varies with latitude and season, with cirrus clouds exerting less positive forcing and potentially net TOA cooling approaching the summer poles (not ice and snow covered) versus greater warming at the equator. The existence of such a gradient would lead cirrus to induce varying daytime TOA forcing annually and seasonally, making it a far greater challenge than presently believed to constrain the daytime and diurnal cirrus contributions to global radiation budgets. C1 [Campbell, James R.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Lolli, Simone; Lewis, Jasper R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Gu, Yu] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Welton, Ellsworth J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Campbell, JR (reprint author), 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM james.campbell@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550 FU NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA Interagency Agreement on behalf of MPLNET [NNG15JA17P] FX The NASA Micro Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) is supported by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program (H. Maring). JRC acknowledges the support of NASA Interagency Agreement NNG15JA17P on behalf of MPLNET. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 55 IS 8 BP 1667 EP 1679 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0217.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW0DF UT WOS:000383310400002 ER PT J AU Leinonen, J Lebsock, MD Stephens, GL Suzuki, K AF Leinonen, Jussi Lebsock, Matthew D. Stephens, Graeme L. Suzuki, Kentaroh TI Improved Retrieval of Cloud Liquid Water from CloudSat and MODIS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADAR; ALGORITHM; CUMULUS; MODEL; LIDAR; RAIN AB A revised version of the CloudSat MODIS cloud liquid water retrieval algorithm is presented. The new algorithm, which combines measurements of radar reflectivity and cloud optical depth, addresses issues discovered in the current CloudSat MODIS cloud water content (CWC) product. This current product is shown to be underconstrained by observations and to be too dependent on prior information incorporated into the Bayesian optimal-estimation algorithm. The most significant change made to the algorithm in this study was decreasing the number of independent variables to allow the observations to constrain the retrieved values better. The retrieval was also reformulated for improved compliance with the mathematical assumptions of the optimal-estimation algorithm. To validate the accuracy of the revised algorithm, the path integrated attenuation (PIA) of the CloudSat radar signal was computed from the algorithm results. These modeled values were compared with independent measurements of the PIA that were obtained using a surface reference technique. This comparison shows that the cloud liquid water retrieved by the algorithm is close to being unbiased. The revised algorithm was also found to be an improvement over the current CloudSat CWC product and, to a lesser degree, the MODIS-derived cloud liquid water path. C1 [Leinonen, Jussi; Lebsock, Matthew D.; Stephens, Graeme L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 233-300,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Suzuki, Kentaroh] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. RP Leinonen, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 233-300,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jussi.s.leinonen@jpl.nasa.gov RI Suzuki, Kentaroh/C-3624-2011 FU CloudSat project FX We are grateful to Simone Tanelli and Joseph Hardin for valuable discussions. The research of JL, ML, and GS was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA and was supported by the CloudSat project. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 55 IS 8 BP 1831 EP 1844 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0077.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW0DF UT WOS:000383310400012 ER PT J AU Corsaro, RD Giovane, F Liou, JC Burchell, MJ Cole, MJ Williams, EG Lagakos, N Sadilek, A Anderson, CR AF Corsaro, Robert D. Giovane, Frank Liou, Jer-Chyi Burchell, Mark J. Cole, Michael J. Williams, Earl G. Lagakos, Nicholas Sadilek, Albert Anderson, Christopher R. TI Characterization of space dust using acoustic impact detection SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENT AB This paper describes studies leading to the development of an acoustic instrument for measuring properties of micrometeoroids and other dust particles in space. The instrument uses a pair of easily penetrated membranes separated by a known distance. Sensors located on these films detect the transient acoustic signals produced by particle impacts. The arrival times of these signals at the sensor locations are used in a simple multilateration calculation to measure the impact coordinates on each film. Particle direction and speed are found using these impact coordinates and the known membrane separations. This ability to determine particle speed, direction, and time of impact provides the information needed to assign the particle's orbit and identify its likely origin. In many cases additional particle properties can be estimated from the signal amplitudes, including approximate diameter and (for small particles) some indication of composition/morphology. Two versions of this instrument were evaluated in this study. Fiber optic displacement sensors are found advantageous when very thin membranes can be maintained in tension (solar sails, lunar surface). Piezoelectric strain sensors are preferred for thicker films without tension (long duration free flyers). The latter was selected for an upcoming installation on the International Space Station. C1 [Corsaro, Robert D.; Lagakos, Nicholas] Sotera Def Solut, 7230 Lee DeForest Dr, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Giovane, Frank] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Liou, Jer-Chyi] NASA JSC, NASA Orbital Debris Program Off, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Burchell, Mark J.; Cole, Michael J.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. [Williams, Earl G.; Lagakos, Nicholas] Naval Res Lab, Code 7130, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sadilek, Albert; Anderson, Christopher R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Corsaro, RD (reprint author), Sotera Def Solut, 7230 Lee DeForest Dr, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. EM Bob@AstroAcoustics.com FU NASA Orbital Debris Office; NASA LASER program FX We wish to thank the NASA Orbital Debris Office, and the NASA LASER program for providing support. Also we are indebted to the Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK) for supporting the hypervelocity facility at the University of Kent. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 140 IS 2 BP 1429 EP 1438 DI 10.1121/1.4960782 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA DW8OT UT WOS:000383916100072 PM 27586768 ER PT J AU Schneider, SM Lee, SMC Feiveson, AH Watenpaugh, DE Macias, BR Hargens, AR AF Schneider, Suzanne M. Lee, Stuart M. C. Feiveson, Alan H. Watenpaugh, Donald E. Macias, Brandon R. Hargens, Alan R. TI Treadmill exercise within lower body negative pressure protects leg lean tissue mass and extensor strength and endurance during bed rest SO PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Body composition; head down tilt; isokinetic; microgravity; muscle atrophy; spaceflight ID INTERNATIONAL-SPACE-STATION; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; INDUCED BONE LOSS; SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY; UPRIGHT EXERCISE; GRAVITY REPLACEMENT; GENDER DIFFERENCES; IDENTICAL-TWINS; DISUSE ATROPHY; OLDER WOMEN AB Leg muscle mass and strength are decreased during reduced activity and non-weight-bearing conditions such as bed rest (BR) and spaceflight. Supine treadmill exercise within lower body negative pressure (LBNPEX) provides full-body weight loading during BR and may prevent muscle deconditioning. We hypothesized that a 40-min interval exercise protocol performed against LBNPEX 6 days week(-1) would attenuate losses in leg lean mass (LLM), strength, and endurance during 6 degrees head-down tilt BR, with similar benefits for men and women. Fifteen pairs of healthy monozygous twins (8 male and 7 female pairs) completed 30 days of BR with one sibling of each twin pair assigned randomly as the non-exercise control (CON) and the other twin as the exercise subject (EX). Before and after BR, LLM and isokinetic leg strength and endurance were measured. Mean knee and ankle extensor and flexor strength and endurance and LLM decreased from pre- to post-BR in the male CON subjects (P < 0.01), but knee extensor strength and endurance, ankle extensor strength, and LLM were maintained in the male EX subjects. In contrast, no pre-to post-BR changes were significant in the female subjects, either CON or EX, likely due to their lower pre-BR values. Importantly, the LBNPEX countermeasure prevents or attenuates declines in LLM as well as extensor leg strength and endurance. Individuals who are stronger, have higher levels of muscular endurance, and/or have greater LLM are likely to experience greater losses during BR than those who are less fit. C1 [Schneider, Suzanne M.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. [Lee, Stuart M. C.; Macias, Brandon R.] Wyle Sci Technol & Engn Grp, Houston, TX USA. [Feiveson, Alan H.; Macias, Brandon R.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Watenpaugh, Donald E.] Univ North Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Hargens, Alan R.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Schneider, SM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. EM sschneid@unm.edu NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2051-817X J9 PHYSIOL REP JI PHYSIOL. REP. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 4 IS 15 AR e12892 DI 10.14814/phy2.12892 PG 14 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA DW1ZE UT WOS:000383441900014 ER PT J AU Sunday, C Murdoch, N Cherrier, O Serrano, SM Nardi, CV Janin, T Martinez, IA Gourinat, Y Mimoun, D AF Sunday, C. Murdoch, N. Cherrier, O. Serrano, S. Morales Nardi, C. Valeria Janin, T. Martinez, I. Avila Gourinat, Y. Mimoun, D. TI A novel facility for reduced-gravity testing: A setup for studying low-velocity collisions into granular surfaces SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID GEOLOGY; IMPACT; DUST; SPACECRAFT; REGOLITH; SHAPE; SIZE; EROS AB This work presents an experimental design for studying low-velocity collisions into granular surfaces in low-gravity. In the experiment apparatus, reduced-gravity is simulated by releasing a free-falling projectile into a surface container with a downward acceleration less than that of Earth's gravity. The acceleration of the surface is controlled through the use of an Atwood machine, or a system of pulleys and counterweights. The starting height of the surface container and the initial separation distance between the projectile and surface are variable and chosen to accommodate collision velocities up to 20 cm/s and effective accelerations of similar to 0.1 to 1.0 m/s(2). Accelerometers, placed on the surface container and inside the projectile, provide acceleration data, while high-speed cameras capture the collision and act as secondary data sources. The experiment is built into an existing 5.5 m drop tower frame and requires the custom design of all components, including the projectile, surface sample container, release mechanism, and deceleration system. Data from calibration tests verify the efficiency of the experiment's deceleration system and provide a quantitative understanding of the performance of the Atwood system. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Sunday, C.; Murdoch, N.; Serrano, S. Morales; Nardi, C. Valeria; Janin, T.; Martinez, I. Avila; Mimoun, D.] Univ Toulouse, DEOS, Syst Spatiaux SSPA, ISAE,SUPAERO, F-31055 Toulouse, France. [Cherrier, O.; Gourinat, Y.] Univ Toulouse, ISAE, DMSM, SUPAERO, F-31055 Toulouse, France. [Cherrier, O.; Gourinat, Y.] Inst Clement Ader, CNRS, UMR 5312, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Sunday, C.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. RP Sunday, C (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, DEOS, Syst Spatiaux SSPA, ISAE,SUPAERO, F-31055 Toulouse, France.; Sunday, C (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) FX This project benefited from some financial support from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and was a collaborative effort between several departments at ISAE-SUPAERO. Alexandre Cadu and Anthony Sournac, both from the Departement Electronique, Optronique et Signal (DEOS) and Systemes Spatiaux (SSPA), provided extremely valuable help and advice concerning the installation of the electromagnetic release system. Emmanuel Zenou, from the Departement d'Ingenierie des Systemes Complexes (DISC), helped prepare the experiment in such a way to facilitate the image analyses during the data processing. Daniel Gagneux and Thierry Faure, from the Departement Mecanique des Structures et Materiaux (DMSM), completed the experiment's detailed design and fabrication. Lastly, we thank Jens Biele for his helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 87 IS 8 AR 084504 DI 10.1063/1.4961575 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DW8CE UT WOS:000383880100047 PM 27587140 ER PT J AU Inoue, M Morino, I Uchino, O Nakatsuru, T Yoshida, Y Yokota, T Wunch, D Wennberg, PO Roehl, CM Griffith, DWT Velazco, VA Deutscher, NM Warneke, T Notholt, J Robinson, J Sherlock, V Hase, F Blumenstock, T Rettinger, M Sussmann, R Kyro, E Kivi, R Shiomi, K Kawakami, S De Maziere, M Arnold, SG Feist, DG Barrow, EA Barney, J Dubey, M Schneider, M Iraci, LT Podolske, JR Hillyard, PW Machida, T Sawa, Y Tsuboi, K Matsueda, H Sweeney, C Tans, PP Andrews, AE Biraud, SC Fukuyama, Y Pittman, JV Kort, EA Tanaka, T AF Inoue, Makoto Morino, Isamu Uchino, Osamu Nakatsuru, Takahiro Yoshida, Yukio Yokota, Tatsuya Wunch, Debra Wennberg, Paul O. Roehl, Coleen M. Griffith, David W. T. Velazco, Voltaire A. Deutscher, Nicholas M. Warneke, Thorsten Notholt, Justus Robinson, John Sherlock, Vanessa Hase, Frank Blumenstock, Thomas Rettinger, Markus Sussmann, Ralf Kyro, Esko Kivi, Rigel Shiomi, Kei Kawakami, Shuji De Maziere, Martine Arnold, Sabrina G. Feist, Dietrich G. Barrow, Erica A. Barney, James Dubey, Manvendra Schneider, Matthias Iraci, Laura T. Podolske, James R. Hillyard, Patrick W. Machida, Toshinobu Sawa, Yousuke Tsuboi, Kazuhiro Matsueda, Hidekazu Sweeney, Colm Tans, Pieter P. Andrews, Arlyn E. Biraud, Sebastien C. Fukuyama, Yukio Pittman, Jasna V. Kort, Eric A. Tanaka, Tomoaki TI Bias corrections of GOSAT SWIR XCO2 and XCH4 with TCCON data and their evaluation using aircraft measurement data SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID COLUMN OBSERVING NETWORK; CO2 RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; GAS REFERENCE NETWORK; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GREENHOUSE GASES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TANSO-FTS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; CH4 MEASUREMENTS; MOLE FRACTIONS AB We describe a method for removing systematic biases of column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2 /and CH4 (XCH4 derived from short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectra of the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). We conduct correlation analyses between the GOSAT biases and simultaneously retrieved auxiliary parameters. We use these correlations to bias correct the GOSAT data, removing these spurious correlations. Data from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TC-CON) were used as reference values for this regression analysis. To evaluate the effectiveness of this correction method, the uncorrected/corrected GOSAT data were compared to independent XCO2 and XCH4 data derived from aircraft measurements taken for the Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner (CONTRAIL) project, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the US Department of Energy (DOE), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole observations (HIPPO) program, and the GOSAT validation aircraft observation campaign over Japan. These comparisons demonstrate that the empirically derived bias correction improves the agreement between GOSAT XCO2/XCH4 and the aircraft data. Finally, we present spatial distributions and temporal variations of the derived GOSAT biases. C1 [Inoue, Makoto; Morino, Isamu; Uchino, Osamu; Nakatsuru, Takahiro; Yoshida, Yukio; Yokota, Tatsuya; Machida, Toshinobu; Tanaka, Tomoaki] NIES, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Wunch, Debra; Wennberg, Paul O.; Roehl, Coleen M.; Kort, Eric A.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Griffith, David W. T.; Velazco, Voltaire A.; Deutscher, Nicholas M.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Deutscher, Nicholas M.; Warneke, Thorsten; Notholt, Justus] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. [Robinson, John; Sherlock, Vanessa] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Hase, Frank; Blumenstock, Thomas; Schneider, Matthias] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK ASF, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Rettinger, Markus; Sussmann, Ralf] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Kyro, Esko; Kivi, Rigel] FMI, Arctic Res Ctr, Sodankyla, Finland. [Shiomi, Kei; Kawakami, Shuji; Tanaka, Tomoaki] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [De Maziere, Martine] Belgian Inst Space Aeron IASB BIRA, Brussels, Belgium. [Arnold, Sabrina G.; Feist, Dietrich G.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem MPI BGC, Jena, Germany. [Barrow, Erica A.; Barney, James] Ivy Tech Community Coll Indiana, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Dubey, Manvendra] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Iraci, Laura T.; Podolske, James R.; Hillyard, Patrick W.; Tanaka, Tomoaki] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Hillyard, Patrick W.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA USA. [Sawa, Yousuke; Tsuboi, Kazuhiro; Matsueda, Hidekazu] Mission Res Inc, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Sweeney, Colm; Tans, Pieter P.; Andrews, Arlyn E.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Biraud, Sebastien C.] LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. [Fukuyama, Yukio] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Pittman, Jasna V.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kort, Eric A.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Inoue, Makoto] Akita Prefectural Univ, Dept Environm Biol, Akita, Japan. [Wunch, Debra] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Sherlock, Vanessa] Lab Meteorol Dynam, Palaiseau, France. [Kort, Eric A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Inoue, M (reprint author), NIES, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.; Inoue, M (reprint author), Akita Prefectural Univ, Dept Environm Biol, Akita, Japan. EM makoto@akita-pu.ac.jp RI Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Feist, Dietrich/B-6489-2013; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Schneider, Matthias/B-1441-2013; Sussmann, Ralf/K-3999-2012; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016 OI Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Feist, Dietrich/0000-0002-5890-6687; Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation (NSF); Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [2A-1102]; NASA [NNX14AI60G]; NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program; Australian Research Council [DP140101552]; ARC-DECRA Fellowship [DE140100178]; EU project InGOS; EU project ICOS-INWIRE; Max Planck Society; Academy of Finland [140408] FX The authors thank the many staff members of Japan Airlines, the JAL Foundation, and JAMCO Tokyo for supporting the CONTRAIL project. We are grateful to the NOAA ESRL/GMD tall tower network (K. Davis, A. Desai, R. Teclaw, D. Baumann, and C. Stanier) for providing CO2 tower data for Park Falls and West Branch. DOE flights were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM), ARM Aerial Facility, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program. We gratefully thank many staff members of the Japan Ministry of Defense for supporting the JMA's ground-based and aircraft measurements. We also acknowledge the HIPPO team members for CO2 and CH4 profile data from HIPPO missions. The HIPPO program is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and its operation is managed by the Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL) of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). We also thank the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), which provides most of the funding support for ACE. We are grateful to the HALOE team for publishing their data for scientific use. This research was supported in part by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2A-1102) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. TCCON measurements from Pasadena, Lamont, Park Falls and Darwin are funded by NASA grant NNX14AI60G and NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program. We are grateful to the DOE ARM program for technical support of TCCON in Lamont and Darwin and to Jeff Ayers for technical support of the TCCON measurements in Park Falls. Darwin and Wollongong TCCON measurements are also supported by Australian Research Council grant DP140101552 and Nicholas Deutscher is supported by an ARC-DECRA Fellowship, DE140100178. The University of Bremen acknowledges the support of the EU projects InGOS, and ICOS-INWIRE, and the Senate of Bremen for support of TCCON measurements in Bialystok, Bremen, Ny-Alesund, and Orleans. Operation of the Ascension Island site was funded by the Max Planck Society. Research at the FMI was supported by the Academy of Finland under grant no. 140408. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 19 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 8 BP 3491 EP 3512 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3491-2016 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV3MN UT WOS:000382826600003 ER PT J AU Evans, JP Bormann, K Katzfey, J Dean, S Arritt, R AF Evans, J. P. Bormann, K. Katzfey, J. Dean, S. Arritt, R. TI Regional climate model projections of the South Pacific Convergence Zone SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Regional climate model; South Pacific Convergence Zone; Precipitation; Tropical pacific ID GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; RESOLUTION; SIMULATION; REGCNET; GRIDS; SPCZ AB This study presents results from regional climate model (RCM) projections for the south-west Pacific Ocean. The regional models used bias corrected sea surface temperatures. Six global climate models (GCMs) were used to drive a global variable resolution model on a quasi-uniform 60 km grid. One of these simulations was used to drive three limited area regional models. Thus a four member ensemble was produced by different RCMs downscaling the same GCM (GFDL2.1), and a six member ensemble was produced by the same RCM (Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model-CCAM) downscaling six different GCMs. Comparison of the model results with precipitation observations shows the differences to be dominated by the choice of RCM, with all the CCAM simulations performing similarly and generally having lower error than the other RCMs. However, evaluating aspects of the model representation of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) does not show CCAM to perform better in this regard. In terms of the future projections of the SPCZ for the December-January-February season, the ensemble showed no consensus change in most characteristics though a majority of the ensemble members project a decrease in the SPCZ strength. Thus, similar to GCM based studies, there is large uncertainty concerning future changes in the SPCZ and there is no evidence to suggest that future changes will be outside the natural variability. These RCM simulations do not support an increase in the frequency of zonal SPCZ events. C1 [Evans, J. P.] Univ New South Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Bormann, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Katzfey, J.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, PB1, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Dean, S.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Arritt, R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA USA. RP Evans, JP (reprint author), Univ New South Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM Jason.evans@unsw.edu.au RI Evans, Jason/F-3716-2011 OI Evans, Jason/0000-0003-1776-3429 FU Pacific Climate Change Science Program; AusAID; Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency; U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) FX The research discussed in this paper was conducted with the support of the Pacific Climate Change Science Program, a program supported by AusAID, in collaboration with the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, and delivered by the Bureau of Meteorology and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). The research also was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA). We acknowledge the modelling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM), for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. More details on model documentation are available at the PCMDI Web site (http://www.pcmdi.llnl.gov). NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 817 EP 829 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2873-x PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DU3LE UT WOS:000382111300010 ER PT J AU Tanaka, T Yates, E Iraci, LT Johnson, MS Gore, W Tadic, J Loewenstein, M Kuze, A Frankenberg, C Butz, A Yoshida, Y AF Tanaka, Tomoaki Yates, Emma Iraci, Laura T. Johnson, Matthew S. Gore, Warren Tadic, JovanM. Loewenstein, Max Kuze, Akihiko Frankenberg, Christian Butz, Andre Yoshida, Yukio TI Two-Year Comparison of Airborne Measurements of CO2 and CH4 With GOSAT at Railroad Valley, Nevada SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric measurements; remote sensing; satellites ID GASES OBSERVING SATELLITE; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENT DATA; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SWIR SPECTRA; TANSO-FTS; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; TCCON AB The Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) is a project to measure the atmospheric profiles of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ozone (O-3) regularly over California and Nevada. Airborne instruments measuring GHGs and O-3 are installed in a wing pod of an Alpha Jet aircraft and operated from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center at Moffett Field, CA. The instruments yield precise and accurate in situ vertical profiles of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and O-3. Measurements of vertical profiles of GHGs and O-3 over Railroad Valley, NV have been conducted directly under the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) over passes on a monthly basis as part of the AJAX project since June 2011. The purpose of this work is to calculate aircraft-based dry-air mole fractions of the GHGs for the validation of GOSAT data products. This study expands and improves our previous comparisons by evaluating three algorithms against 24 months of in situ data collected over a Gain-M target. We used three different algorithms: Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS v3.4r3), Remote Sensing of Greenhouse Gases for Carbon Cycle Modeling (RemoteC v2.3.5FP), and National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES v2.11). We find that the CO2 average differences of ACOS and RemoteC from AJAX are 0.26% and 0.24%, respectively. The difference between NIES and AJAX is 0.96%, which is higher than that of ACOS and RemoteC. The CH4 average differences for RemoteC and NIES are 2.1% and 1.7%, respectively. C1 [Tanaka, Tomoaki] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Tanaka, Tomoaki; Yates, Emma] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Pittsburg, CA 94952 USA. [Iraci, Laura T.; Johnson, Matthew S.; Gore, Warren; Loewenstein, Max] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Tadic, JovanM.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kuze, Akihiko] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Frankenberg, Christian] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Butz, Andre] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Yoshida, Yukio] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. RP Tanaka, T (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM akimo.tanaka@gmail.com; emma.l.yates@nasa.gov; Laura.T.Iraci@nasa.gov; matthew.s.johnson@nasa.gov; warren.gore@nasa.gov; jtadic@stanford.edu; max.loewenstein7@gmail.com; kuze.akihiko@jaxa.jp; Christian.Frankenberg@jpl.nasa.gov; andre.butz@kit.edu; yoshida.yukio@nies.go.jp RI Tadic, Jovan/P-3677-2016; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU NASA's OCO; Ames Research Center; NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division; NASA Ames Research Center through High-End Computing Program; NASA Postdoctoral Program FX This work was supported in part by NASA's OCO Science Team (K. Jucks, Program Manager); by the Ames Research Center Director's Funds for instrumentation and aircraft integration; and by the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center through the High-End Computing Program. The work of T. Tanaka, E. Yates, and J. Tadic was supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2016 VL 54 IS 8 BP 4367 EP 4375 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2539973 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DT4FD UT WOS:000381434600001 ER PT J AU Simard, M Riel, BV Denbina, M Hensley, S AF Simard, Marc Riel, Bryan V. Denbina, Michael Hensley, Scott TI Radiometric Correction of Airborne Radar Images Over Forested Terrain With Topography SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Biomass; forest; radar; radiometric correction; topography ID SAR DATA; SLOPE CORRECTION; BACKSCATTER AB Radiometric correction of radar images is essential to produce accurate estimates of biophysical parameters related to forest structure and biomass. We present a new algorithm to correct radiometry for 1) terrain topography and 2) variations of canopy reflectivity with viewing and tree-terrain geometry. This algorithm is applicable to radar images spanning a wide range of incidence angles over terrain with significant topography and can also take into account aircraft attitude, antenna steering angle, and target geometry. The approach includes elements of both homomorphic and heteromorphic terrain corrections to correct for topographic effects and is followed by an additional radiometric correction to compensate for variations of canopy reflectivity with viewing and tree-terrain geometry. The latter correction is based on lookup tables and enables derivation of biophysical parameters irrespective of viewing geometry and terrain topography. We evaluate the performance of the new algorithm with airborne radar data and show that it performs better than classical homomorphic methods followed by cosine-based corrections. C1 [Simard, Marc; Denbina, Michael; Hensley, Scott] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Riel, Bryan V.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Simard, M (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM marc.simard@jpl.nasa.gov OI Simard, Marc/0000-0002-9442-4562 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program [WBS 281945.02.61.03.26] FX This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This work was supported by NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program (WBS 281945.02.61.03.26). NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2016 VL 54 IS 8 BP 4488 EP 4500 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2543142 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DT4FD UT WOS:000381434600010 ER PT J AU Lebsock, MD Suzuki, K AF Lebsock, Matthew D. Suzuki, Kentaroh TI Uncertainty Characteristics of Total Water Path Retrievals in Shallow Cumulus Derived from Spaceborne Radar/Radiometer Integral Constraints SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; PART II; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; RADAR; OCEAN; APPROXIMATION; CALIBRATION; ALGORITHM; MODELS; CLOUDS AB A precipitating marine cumulus cloud simulation is coupled to radiation propagation models to simulate active and passive microwave observations at 94 GHz. The simulations are used to examine the error characteristics of the total water path retrieved from the integral constraints of the passive microwave brightness temperature or the path-integrated attenuation (PIA) using a spatial interpolation technique. Three sources of bias are considered: 1) the misdetection of cloudy pixels as clear, 2) the systematic differences in the column water vapor between cloudy and clear skies, and 3) the nonuniform beamfilling effects on the observables. The first two sources result in biases on the order of 5-10 g m(-2) of opposite signs that tend to cancel. The third source results in a bias that increases monotonically with the water path that approaches 50%. Nonuniform beamfilling is sensitive to footprint size. Random error results from both instrument measurement precision and the natural variability in the relationship between the water path and the observables. Random errors for the retrievals using the CloudSat PIA are estimated to be the larger of either 20 g m(-2) or 30%. A radar/radiometer system with a measurement precision of 0.3 K or 0.05 dB could reduce this error to the larger of either 10 g m(-2) or 30%. All error mechanisms reported here result from variability in either the spatial structure of the atmosphere or the hydrometeor drop size distribution. The results presented here are specific to the cloud simulation and in general the magnitude will vary globally. C1 [Lebsock, Matthew D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Suzuki, Kentaroh] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo, Japan. RP Lebsock, MD (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, M-S 233-300,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM matthew.d.lebsock@jpl.nasa.gov RI Suzuki, Kentaroh/C-3624-2011 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; CloudSat project; Aerosol-Cloud Ecosystems (ACE) project FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and was partially funded by the CloudSat project and the Aerosol-Cloud Ecosystems (ACE) project. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1597 EP 1609 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0023.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV4LI UT WOS:000382896700003 ER PT J AU Seo, EK Yang, SD Grecu, M Ryu, GH Liu, G Hristova-Veleva, S Noh, YJ Haddad, Z Shin, J AF Seo, Eun-Kyoung Yang, Sung-Dae Grecu, Mircea Ryu, Geun-Hyeok Liu, Guosheng Hristova-Veleva, Svetla Noh, Yoo-Jeong Haddad, Ziad Shin, Jinho TI Optimization of Cloud-Radiation Databases for Passive Microwave Precipitation Retrievals over Ocean SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROFILING ALGORITHM; MODEL MICROPHYSICS; KOREAN PENINSULA; RAIN RETRIEVALS; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; PARAMETRIC RETRIEVAL; HEAVY RAINFALL; COMBINED RADAR; PART I; TRMM AB Using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations from storms collected over the oceans surrounding East Asia, during summer, a method of creating physically consistent cloud-radiation databases to support satellite radiometer retrievals is introduced. In this method, vertical profiles of numerical model simulated cloud and precipitation fields are optimized against TRMM radar and radiometer observations using a hybrid empirical orthogonal function (EOF)-one-dimensional variational (1DVAR) approach.The optimization is based on comparing simulated to observed radar reflectivity profiles and the corresponding passive microwave observations at the frequencies of the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) instrument. To minimize the discrepancies between the actual and the synthetic observations, the simulated cloud and precipitation profiles are optimized by adjusting the contents of the hydrometeors. To reduce the dimension of the hydrometeor content profiles in the optimization, multivariate relations among hydrometeor species are used. After applying the optimization method to modify the simulated clouds, the optimized cloud-radiation database has a joint distribution of reflectivity and associated brightness temperatures that is considerably closer to that observed by TRMM PR and TMI, especially at 85 GHz. This implies that the EOF-1DVAR approach can generate profiles with realistic distributions of frozen hydrometeors, such as snow and graupel. This approach may be similarly adapted to operate with the variety and capabilities of the passive microwave radiometers that compose the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) constellation. Furthermore, it can be extended to other oceanic regions and seasons. C1 [Seo, Eun-Kyoung] Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Earth Sci Educ, 56 GongjuDaehak Ro, Kong Ju 32588, Chungnam, South Korea. [Yang, Sung-Dae] Natl Inst Meteorol Sci, Appl Meteorol Res Div, Jeju, South Korea. [Grecu, Mircea] Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Grecu, Mircea] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ryu, Geun-Hyeok; Shin, Jinho] Korea Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Satellite Ctr, Jincheon Gun, South Korea. [Liu, Guosheng] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Haddad, Ziad] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Noh, Yoo-Jeong] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Seo, EK (reprint author), Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Earth Sci Educ, 56 GongjuDaehak Ro, Kong Ju 32588, Chungnam, South Korea. EM ekseo@kongju.ac.kr RI Liu, Guosheng/D-3479-2011 OI Liu, Guosheng/0000-0001-7899-6125 FU "Development of Meteorological Data Utilization and Operation Supportive Technology" of the National Meteorological Satellite Center (NMSC) of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) FX We acknowledge the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. TRMM data were provided by NASA's Precipitation Processing System. The WRF simulation data were provided by Prof. Song-You Hong at Yonsei University. This research was supported by "the Development of Meteorological Data Utilization and Operation Supportive Technology" of the National Meteorological Satellite Center (NMSC) of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1649 EP 1671 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0198.1 PG 23 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV4LI UT WOS:000382896700006 ER PT J AU Ubelmann, C Cornuelle, B Fu, LL AF Ubelmann, Clement Cornuelle, Bruce Fu, Lee-Lueng TI Dynamic Mapping of Along-Track Ocean Altimetry: Method and Performance from Observing System Simulation Experiments SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB Simulated along-track ocean altimetry data were used to implement the use of a nonlinear dynamic propagator to perform three-dimensional (time and 2D space) interpolation of mesoscale sea surface height (SSH). The method is an inverse approach to processing altimetry data unevenly sampled in time and space into high-level gridded altimetry maps. The inverse approach, similar to the standard objective mapping, contains some correction terms to the innovation vectors to account for nonlinear dynamics. Another key improvement is to solve for the covariance functions through a Green's function approach. From the Observing System Simulation Experiments carried out to simulate a three-satellite constellation over the Gulf Stream region, the new method can significantly reduce mapping errors and improve the resolving capabilities compared to the standard linear objective analysis such as that used by the AVISO gridding. C1 [Ubelmann, Clement; Fu, Lee-Lueng] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cornuelle, Bruce] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Ubelmann, C (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM clement.ubelmann@jpl.nasa.gov OI Cornuelle, Bruce/0000-0003-2110-3319 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; SWOT project FX Part of the research presented in the paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Support from the SWOT project is acknowledged. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1691 EP 1699 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0163.1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV4LI UT WOS:000382896700008 ER PT J AU Young, SA Vaughan, MA Kuehn, RE Winker, DM AF Young, Stuart A. Vaughan, Mark A. Kuehn, Ralph E. Winker, David M. TI The retrieval of profiles of particulate extinction from Cloud Aerosol Lidar Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) data: Uncertainty and error sensitivity analyses (vol 30, pg 395, 2013) SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction AB An error in a recent analysis of the sensitivity of retrievals of Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) particulate optical properties to errors in various input parameters is described. This error was in the specification of an intermediate variable that was used to write a general equation for the sensitivities to errors in either the renormalization (calibration) factor or in the lidar ratio used in the retrieval, or both. The result of this incorrect substitution (an additional multiplicative factor to the exponent of the particulate transmittance) was then copied to some intermediate equations; the corrected versions of which are presented here. Fortunately, however, all of the final equations for the specific cases of renormalization and lidar ratio errors are correct, as are all of the figures and approximations, because these were derived directly from equations for the specific errors and not from the equation for the general case. All of the other sections, including the uncertainty analyses and the analyses of sensitivities to low signal-to-noise ratios and errors in constrained retrievals, and the presentations of errors and uncertainties in simulated and actual data are unaffected. C1 [Young, Stuart A.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Private Bag 1, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Vaughan, Mark A.; Winker, David M.] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Kuehn, Ralph E.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Young, SA (reprint author), CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Private Bag 1, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. EM stuart.young01@gmail.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1795 EP 1798 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0081.1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV4LI UT WOS:000382896700016 ER PT J AU Zhou, YP Wu, D Lau, WKM Tao, WK AF Zhou, Yaping Wu, Di Lau, William K. -M. Tao, Wei-Kuo TI Scale Dependence of Land-Atmosphere Interactions in Wet and Dry Regions as Simulated with NU-WRF over the Southwestern and South-Central United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE; NORTH-AMERICA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SUMMER PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE FEEDBACKS; SURFACE PROCESSES; SEMIARID REGIONS; GREAT-PLAINS; MODEL; RAINFALL AB Large-scale forcing and land atmosphere interactions on precipitation are investigated with NASA-Unified WRF (NU-WRF) simulations during fast transitions of ENSO phases from spring to early summer of 2010 and 2011. The model is found to capture major precipitation episodes in the 3-month simulations without resorting to nudging. However, the mean intensity of the simulated precipitation is underestimated by 46% and 57% compared with the observations in dry and wet regions in the southwestern and south-central United States, respectively. Sensitivity studies show that large-scale atmospheric forcing plays a major role in producing regional precipitation. A methodology to account for moisture contributions to individual precipitation events, as well as total precipitation, is presented under the same moisture budget framework. The analysis shows that the relative contributions of local evaporation and large-scale moisture convergence depend on the dry/wet regions and are a function of temporal and spatial scales. While the ratio of local and large-scale moisture contributions vary with domain size and weather system, evaporation provides a major moisture source in the dry region and during light rain events, which leads to greater sensitivity to soil moisture in the dry region and during light rain events. The feedback of land surface processes to large-scale forcing is well simulated, as indicated by changes in atmospheric circulation and moisture convergence. Overall, the results reveal an asymmetrical response of precipitation events to soil moisture, with higher sensitivity under dry than wet conditions. Drier soil moisture tends to suppress further existing below-normal precipitation conditions via a positive soil moisture land surface flux feedback that could worsen drought conditions in the southwestern United States. C1 [Zhou, Yaping] Morgan State Univ, GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Zhou, Yaping; Tao, Wei-Kuo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wu, Di] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Lau, William K. -M.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zhou, YP (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM yaping.zhou-1@nasa.gov FU NASA Precipitation Measuring Mission [NNX13AF73G] FX This work was supported by NASA Precipitation Measuring Mission under Project NNX13AF73G. Computational and storage support was provided by NASA's Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS). We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2121 EP 2136 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-16-0024.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW0DG UT WOS:000383310500001 ER PT J AU Richardson, IG von Rosenvinge, TT Cane, HV AF Richardson, I. G. von Rosenvinge, T. T. Cane, H. V. TI North/South Hemispheric Periodicities in the > 25 Solar Proton Event Rate During the Rising and Peak Phases of Solar Cycle 24 SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Solar energetic particles; Solar cycle; Sunspot area ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENT; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; COSMIC-RAY MODULATION; PHOTOSPHERIC MAGNETIC-FLUX; ACTIVE-REGION 12192; 2013 APRIL 11; SUNSPOT AREAS; STEREO MISSION; SPACED DATA; FLARES AB We present evidence that solar proton events show a clustering in time at intervals of about six months that persisted during the rising and peak phases of Solar Cycle 24. This phenomenon is most clearly demonstrated by considering events originating in the northern or southern solar hemispheres separately. We examine how these variations in the solar energetic particle (SEP) event rate are related to other phenomena, such as hemispheric sunspot numbers and areas, rates of coronal mass ejections, and the mean solar magnetic field. Most obviously, the SEP event rate closely follows the sunspot number and area in the same hemisphere. The variations of about six months are associated with features in many of the other parameters we examine, indicating that they are just one signature of the episodic development of Cycle 24. They may be related to periodicities of about 150 days reported in various solar and interplanetary phenomena during previous solar cycles. The clear presence of periodicities of about six months in Cycle 24 that evolve independently in each hemisphere contradicts a scenario suggested by McIntosh et al. (Nature Com. 6, 6491, 2015) for the variational timescales of solar magnetism. C1 [Richardson, I. G.] Univ Maryland, CRESST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Richardson, I. G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Richardson, I. G.; von Rosenvinge, T. T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cane, H. V.] Univ Tasmania, Dept Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Richardson, IG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, CRESST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Richardson, IG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Richardson, IG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ian.g.richardson@nasa.gov; tycho.t.vonrosenvinge@nasa.gov; hilary.cane@utas.edu.au OI Richardson, Ian/0000-0002-3855-3634 FU NASA FX We thank the many researchers who have compiled the various data sets used in this article. The STEREO High Energy Telescope data are available at http://www.srl.caltech.edu/STEREO/Public/HET_public.html. The ERNE data are from the Space Research Laboratory at the University of Turku (http://www.srl.utu.fi/erne_data/). This work was supported by the NASA Living With a Star science program as part of the activities of the Focused Science Team "Physics-based methods to predict connectivity of SEP sources to points in the inner heliosphere, tested by location, timing, and longitudinal separation of SEPs". NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 291 IS 7 BP 2117 EP 2134 DI 10.1007/s11207-016-0948-4 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU3EQ UT WOS:000382094000011 ER PT J AU Aartsen, MG Abraham, K Ackermann, M Adams, J Aguilar, JA Ahlers, M Ahrens, M Altmann, D Anderson, T Ansseau, I Anton, G Archinger, M Arguelles, C Arlen, TC Auffenberg, J Bai, X Barwick, SW Baum, V Bay, R Beatty, JJ Tjus, JB Becker, KH Beiser, E BenZvi, S Berghaus, P Berley, D Bernardini, E Bernhard, A Besson, DZ Binder, G Bindig, D Bissok, M Blaufuss, E Blumenthal, J Boersma, DJ Bohm, C Borner, M Bos, F Bose, D Boser, S Botner, O Braun, J Brayeur, L Bretz, HP Buzinsky, N Casey, J Casier, M Cheung, E Chirkin, D Christov, A Clark, K Classen, L Coenders, S Collin, GH Conrad, JM Cowen, DF Silva, AHC Daughhetee, J Davis, JC Day, M de Andre, JPAM De Clercq, C Rosendo, ED Dembinski, H De Ridder, S Desiati, P de Vries, KD de Wasseige, G de With, M DeYoung, T Diaz-Velez, JC di Lorenzo, V Dujmovic, H Dumm, JP Dunkman, M Eberhardt, B Ehrhardt, T Eichmann, B Euler, S Evenson, PA Fahey, S Fazely, AR Feintzeig, J Felde, J Filimonov, K Finley, C Flis, S Fosig, CC Fuchs, T Gaisser, TK Gaior, R Gallagher, J Gerhardt, L Ghorbani, K Gier, D Gladstone, L Glagla, M Glusenkamp, T Goldschmidt, A Golup, G Gonzalez, JG Gora, D Grant, D Griffith, Z Ha, C Haack, C Ismail, AH Hallgren, A Halzen, F Hansen, E Hansmann, B Hansmann, T Hanson, K Hebecker, D Heereman, D Helbing, K Hellauer, R Hickford, S Hignight, J Hill, GC Hoffman, KD Hoffmann, R Holzapfel, K Homeier, A Hoshina, K Huang, F Huber, M Huelsnitz, W Hulth, PO Hultqvist, K In, S Ishihara, A Jacobi, E Japaridze, GS Jeong, M Jero, K Jones, BJP Jurkovic, M Kappes, A Karg, T Karle, A Katz, U Kauer, M Keivani, A Kelley, JL Kemp, J Kheirandish, A Kim, M Kintscher, T Kiryluk, J Klein, SR Kohnen, G Koirala, R Kolanoski, H Konietz, R Kopke, L Kopper, C Kopper, S Koskinen, DJ Kowalski, M Krings, K Kroll, G Kroll, M Kruckl, G Kunnen, J Kunwar, S Kurahashi, N Kuwabara, T Labare, M Lanfranchi, JL Larson, MJ Lennarz, D Lesiak-Bzdak, M Leuermann, M Leuner, J Lu, L Lunemann, J Madsen, J Maggi, G Mahn, KBM Mandelartz, M Maruyama, R Mase, K Matis, HS Maunu, R McNally, F Meagher, K Medici, M Meier, M Meli, A Menne, T Merino, G Meures, T Miarecki, S Middell, E Mohrmann, L Montaruli, T Morse, R Nahnhauer, R Naumann, U Neer, G Niederhausen, H Nowicki, SC Nygren, DR Pollmann, AO Olivas, A Omairat, A O'Murchadha, A Palczewski, T Pandya, H Pankova, DV Paul, L Pepper, JA de los Heros, CP Pfendner, C Pieloth, D Pinat, E Posselt, J Price, PB Przybylski, GT Quinnan, M Raab, C Radel, L Rameez, M Rawlins, K Reimann, R Relich, M Resconi, E Rhode, W Richman, M Richter, S Riedel, B Robertson, S Rongen, M Rott, C Ruhe, T Ryckbosch, D Sabbatini, L Sander, HG Sandrock, A Sandroos, J Sarkar, S Schatto, K Schimp, M Schlunder, P Schmidt, T Schoenen, S Schoneberg, S Schonwald, A Schumacher, L Seckel, D Seunarine, S Soldin, D Song, M Spiczak, GM Spiering, C Stahlberg, M Stamatikos, M Stanev, T Stasik, A Steuer, A Stezelberger, T Stokstad, RG Stossl, A Strom, R Strotjohann, NL Sullivan, GW Sutherland, M Taavola, H Taboada, I Tatar, J Ter-Antonyan, S Terliuk, A Tesic, G Tilav, S Toale, PA Tobin, MN Toscano, S Tosi, D Tselengidou, M Turcati, A Unger, E Usner, M Vallecorsa, S Vandenbroucke, J van Eijndhoven, N Vanheule, S van Santen, J Veenkamp, J Vehring, M Voge, M Vraeghe, M Walck, C Wallace, A Wallraff, M Wandkowsky, N Weaver, C Wendt, C Westerhoff, S Whelan, BJ Wiebe, K Wiebusch, CH Wille, L Williams, DR Wills, L Wissing, H Wolf, M Wood, TR Woschnagg, K Xu, DL Xu, XW Xu, Y Yanez, JP Yodh, G Yoshida, S Zoll, M AF Aartsen, M. G. Abraham, K. Ackermann, M. Adams, J. Aguilar, J. A. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, M. Altmann, D. Anderson, T. Ansseau, I. Anton, G. Archinger, M. Arguelles, C. Arlen, T. C. Auffenberg, J. Bai, X. Barwick, S. W. Baum, V. Bay, R. Beatty, J. J. Tjus, J. Becker Becker, K. -H. Beiser, E. BenZvi, S. Berghaus, P. Berley, D. Bernardini, E. Bernhard, A. Besson, D. Z. Binder, G. Bindig, D. Bissok, M. Blaufuss, E. Blumenthal, J. Boersma, D. J. Bohm, C. Boerner, M. Bos, F. Bose, D. Boeser, S. Botner, O. Braun, J. Brayeur, L. Bretz, H. -P. Buzinsky, N. Casey, J. Casier, M. Cheung, E. Chirkin, D. Christov, A. Clark, K. Classen, L. Coenders, S. Collin, G. H. Conrad, J. M. Cowen, D. F. Silva, A. H. Cruz Daughhetee, J. Davis, J. C. Day, M. de Andre, J. P. A. M. De Clercq, C. Rosendo, E. del Pino Dembinski, H. De Ridder, S. Desiati, P. de Vries, K. D. de Wasseige, G. de With, M. DeYoung, T. Diaz-Velez, J. C. di Lorenzo, V. Dujmovic, H. Dumm, J. P. Dunkman, M. Eberhardt, B. Ehrhardt, T. Eichmann, B. Euler, S. Evenson, P. A. Fahey, S. Fazely, A. R. Feintzeig, J. Felde, J. Filimonov, K. Finley, C. Flis, S. Foesig, C. -C. Fuchs, T. Gaisser, T. K. Gaior, R. Gallagher, J. Gerhardt, L. Ghorbani, K. Gier, D. Gladstone, L. Glagla, M. Gluesenkamp, T. Goldschmidt, A. Golup, G. Gonzalez, J. G. Gora, D. Grant, D. Griffith, Z. Ha, C. Haack, C. Ismail, A. Haj Hallgren, A. Halzen, F. Hansen, E. Hansmann, B. Hansmann, T. Hanson, K. Hebecker, D. Heereman, D. Helbing, K. Hellauer, R. Hickford, S. Hignight, J. Hill, G. C. Hoffman, K. D. Hoffmann, R. Holzapfel, K. Homeier, A. Hoshina, K. Huang, F. Huber, M. Huelsnitz, W. Hulth, P. O. Hultqvist, K. In, S. Ishihara, A. Jacobi, E. Japaridze, G. S. Jeong, M. Jero, K. Jones, B. J. P. Jurkovic, M. Kappes, A. Karg, T. Karle, A. Katz, U. Kauer, M. Keivani, A. Kelley, J. L. Kemp, J. Kheirandish, A. Kim, M. Kintscher, T. Kiryluk, J. Klein, S. R. Kohnen, G. Koirala, R. Kolanoski, H. Konietz, R. Koepke, L. Kopper, C. Kopper, S. Koskinen, D. J. Kowalski, M. Krings, K. Kroll, G. Kroll, M. Krueckl, G. Kunnen, J. Kunwar, S. Kurahashi, N. Kuwabara, T. Labare, M. Lanfranchi, J. L. Larson, M. J. Lennarz, D. Lesiak-Bzdak, M. Leuermann, M. Leuner, J. Lu, L. Luenemann, J. Madsen, J. Maggi, G. Mahn, K. B. M. Mandelartz, M. Maruyama, R. Mase, K. Matis, H. S. Maunu, R. McNally, F. Meagher, K. Medici, M. Meier, M. Meli, A. Menne, T. Merino, G. Meures, T. Miarecki, S. Middell, E. Mohrmann, L. Montaruli, T. Morse, R. Nahnhauer, R. Naumann, U. Neer, G. Niederhausen, H. Nowicki, S. C. Nygren, D. R. Pollmann, A. Obertacke Olivas, A. Omairat, A. O'Murchadha, A. Palczewski, T. Pandya, H. Pankova, D. V. Paul, L. Pepper, J. A. Heros, C. Perez de los Pfendner, C. Pieloth, D. Pinat, E. Posselt, J. Price, P. B. Przybylski, G. T. Quinnan, M. Raab, C. Raedel, L. Rameez, M. Rawlins, K. Reimann, R. Relich, M. Resconi, E. Rhode, W. Richman, M. Richter, S. Riedel, B. Robertson, S. Rongen, M. Rott, C. Ruhe, T. Ryckbosch, D. Sabbatini, L. Sander, H. -G. Sandrock, A. Sandroos, J. Sarkar, S. Schatto, K. Schimp, M. Schlunder, P. Schmidt, T. Schoenen, S. Schoeneberg, S. Schoenwald, A. Schumacher, L. Seckel, D. Seunarine, S. Soldin, D. Song, M. Spiczak, G. M. Spiering, C. Stahlberg, M. Stamatikos, M. Stanev, T. Stasik, A. Steuer, A. Stezelberger, T. Stokstad, R. G. Stoessl, A. Stroem, R. Strotjohann, N. L. Sullivan, G. W. Sutherland, M. Taavola, H. Taboada, I. Tatar, J. Ter-Antonyan, S. Terliuk, A. Tesic, G. Tilav, S. Toale, P. A. Tobin, M. N. Toscano, S. Tosi, D. Tselengidou, M. Turcati, A. Unger, E. Usner, M. Vallecorsa, S. Vandenbroucke, J. van Eijndhoven, N. Vanheule, S. van Santen, J. Veenkamp, J. Vehring, M. Voge, M. Vraeghe, M. Walck, C. Wallace, A. Wallraff, M. Wandkowsky, N. Weaver, Ch. Wendt, C. Westerhoff, S. Whelan, B. J. Wiebe, K. Wiebusch, C. H. Wille, L. Williams, D. R. Wills, L. Wissing, H. Wolf, M. Wood, T. R. Woschnagg, K. Xu, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, Y. Yanez, J. P. Yodh, G. Yoshida, S. Zoll, M. CA IceCube Collaboration TI ANISOTROPY IN COSMIC-RAY ARRIVAL DIRECTIONS IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE BASED ON SIX YEARS OF DATA FROM THE ICECUBE DETECTOR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astroparticle physics; cosmic rays ID AIR-SHOWER ARRAY; LARGE-SCALE ANISOTROPY; UNUSUAL SOLAR MINIMUM; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; SIDEREAL ANISOTROPY; ANGULAR SCALES; TEV; HELIOSPHERE; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT AB The IceCube Neutrino Observatory accumulated a total of 318 billion cosmic-ray-induced muon events between 2009 May and 2015 May. This data set was used for a detailed analysis of the sidereal anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays in the TeV to PeV energy range. The observed global sidereal anisotropy features large regions of relative excess and deficit, with amplitudes of the order of 10(-3) up to about 100 TeV. A decomposition of the arrival direction distribution into spherical harmonics shows that most of the power is contained in the low-multipole (l <= 4) moments. However, higher multipole components are found to be statistically significant down to an angular scale of less than 10 degrees, approaching the angular resolution of the detector. Above 100 TeV, a change in the morphology of the arrival direction distribution is observed, and the anisotropy is characterized by a wide relative deficit whose amplitude increases with primary energy up to at least 5 PeV, the highest energies currently accessible to IceCube. No time dependence of the large-and small-scale structures is observed in the period of six years covered by this analysis. The high-statistics data set reveals more details of the properties of the anisotropy and is potentially able to shed light on the various physical processes that are responsible for the complex angular structure and energy evolution. C1 [Aartsen, M. G.; Adams, J.; Hill, G. C.; Robertson, S.; Wallace, A.; Whelan, B. J.] Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Abraham, K.; Bernhard, A.; Coenders, S.; Holzapfel, K.; Huber, M.; Jurkovic, M.; Krings, K.; Resconi, E.; Turcati, A.; Veenkamp, J.] Tech Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ackermann, M.; Berghaus, P.; Bernardini, E.; Bretz, H. -P.; Silva, A. H. Cruz; Gluesenkamp, T.; Gora, D.; Jacobi, E.; Karg, T.; Kintscher, T.; Kowalski, M.; Kunwar, S.; Middell, E.; Mohrmann, L.; Nahnhauer, R.; Schoenwald, A.; Spiering, C.; Stasik, A.; Stoessl, A.; Strotjohann, N. L.; Terliuk, A.; Usner, M.; van Santen, J.; Yanez, J. P.] DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. [Aguilar, J. A.; Ansseau, I.; Heereman, D.; Meagher, K.; Meures, T.; O'Murchadha, A.; Pinat, E.; Raab, C.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Ahlers, M.; Beiser, E.; Braun, J.; Chirkin, D.; Day, M.; Desiati, P.; Diaz-Velez, J. C.; Fahey, S.; Feintzeig, J.; Ghorbani, K.; Gladstone, L.; Griffith, Z.; Halzen, F.; Hanson, K.; Hoshina, K.; Jero, K.; Karle, A.; Kauer, M.; Kelley, J. L.; Kheirandish, A.; McNally, F.; Merino, G.; Morse, R.; Richter, S.; Sabbatini, L.; Tobin, M. N.; Tosi, D.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Wandkowsky, N.; Wendt, C.; Westerhoff, S.; Wille, L.; Xu, D. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ahlers, M.; Beiser, E.; Braun, J.; Chirkin, D.; Day, M.; Desiati, P.; Diaz-Velez, J. C.; Fahey, S.; Feintzeig, J.; Ghorbani, K.; Gladstone, L.; Griffith, Z.; Halzen, F.; Hanson, K.; Hoshina, K.; Jero, K.; Karle, A.; Kauer, M.; Kelley, J. L.; Kheirandish, A.; McNally, F.; Merino, G.; Morse, R.; Richter, S.; Sabbatini, L.; Tobin, M. N.; Tosi, D.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Wandkowsky, N.; Wendt, C.; Westerhoff, S.; Wille, L.; Xu, D. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ahrens, M.; Bohm, C.; Dumm, J. P.; Finley, C.; Flis, S.; Hulth, P. O.; Hultqvist, K.; Walck, C.; Wolf, M.; Zoll, M.] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ahrens, M.; Bohm, C.; Dumm, J. P.; Finley, C.; Flis, S.; Hulth, P. O.; Hultqvist, K.; Walck, C.; Wolf, M.; Zoll, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Altmann, D.; Anton, G.; Classen, L.; Kappes, A.; Katz, U.; Tselengidou, M.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Anderson, T.; Arlen, T. C.; Cowen, D. F.; Dunkman, M.; Huang, F.; Keivani, A.; Lanfranchi, J. L.; Pankova, D. V.; Quinnan, M.; Tesic, G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Archinger, M.; Baum, V.; Boeser, S.; Rosendo, E. del Pino; di Lorenzo, V.; Eberhardt, B.; Ehrhardt, T.; Foesig, C. -C.; Koepke, L.; Kroll, G.; Krueckl, G.; Sander, H. -G.; Sandroos, J.; Schatto, K.; Steuer, A.; Wiebe, K.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Arguelles, C.; Collin, G. H.; Conrad, J. M.; Jones, B. J. P.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Auffenberg, J.; Bissok, M.; Blumenthal, J.; Gier, D.; Glagla, M.; Ha, C.; Haack, C.; Hansmann, B.; Hansmann, T.; Kemp, J.; Konietz, R.; Leuermann, M.; Leuner, J.; Miarecki, S.; Paul, L.; Raedel, L.; Reimann, R.; Rongen, M.; Schimp, M.; Schoenen, S.; Schumacher, L.; Stahlberg, M.; Vehring, M.; Wallraff, M.; Wiebusch, C. H.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Bai, X.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Phys, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Barwick, S. W.; Yodh, G.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Bay, R.; Binder, G.; Filimonov, K.; Gerhardt, L.; Klein, S. R.; Price, P. B.; Tatar, J.; Woschnagg, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beatty, J. J.; Davis, J. C.; Pfendner, C.; Stamatikos, M.; Sutherland, M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Beatty, J. J.; Davis, J. C.; Pfendner, C.; Stamatikos, M.; Sutherland, M.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Beatty, J. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 174 W 18Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Tjus, J. Becker; Bos, F.; Eichmann, B.; Kroll, M.; Mandelartz, M.; Schoeneberg, S.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Becker, K. -H.; Bindig, D.; Helbing, K.; Hickford, S.; Hoffmann, R.; Kopper, S.; Naumann, U.; Pollmann, A. Obertacke; Omairat, A.; Posselt, J.; Soldin, D.] Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. [BenZvi, S.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Berley, D.; Blaufuss, E.; Cheung, E.; Felde, J.; Hellauer, R.; Hoffman, K. D.; Huelsnitz, W.; Maunu, R.; Olivas, A.; Schmidt, T.; Song, M.; Sullivan, G. W.; Wissing, H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Besson, D. Z.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Binder, G.; Gerhardt, L.; Goldschmidt, A.; Ha, C.; Klein, S. R.; Matis, H. S.; Miarecki, S.; Nygren, D. R.; Przybylski, G. T.; Stezelberger, T.; Stokstad, R. G.; Tatar, J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boersma, D. J.; Botner, O.; Euler, S.; Fuchs, T.; Hallgren, A.; Heros, C. Perez de los; Stroem, R.; Taavola, H.; Unger, E.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Boerner, M.; Meier, M.; Menne, T.; Pieloth, D.; Rhode, W.; Ruhe, T.; Sandrock, A.; Schlunder, P.] TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Bose, D.; Dujmovic, H.; In, S.; Jeong, M.; Kim, M.; Rott, C.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Brayeur, L.; Casier, M.; De Clercq, C.; de Vries, K. D.; de Wasseige, G.; Golup, G.; Kunnen, J.; Luenemann, J.; Maggi, G.; Toscano, S.; van Eijndhoven, N.] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Buzinsky, N.; Grant, D.; Kopper, C.; Nowicki, S. C.; Riedel, B.; Weaver, Ch.; Wood, T. R.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. [Casey, J.; Daughhetee, J.; Taboada, I.; Toale, P. A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Casey, J.; Daughhetee, J.; Taboada, I.; Toale, P. A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Christov, A.; Montaruli, T.; Rameez, M.; Vallecorsa, S.] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Clark, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Cowen, D. F.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [de Andre, J. P. A. M.; DeYoung, T.; Hignight, J.; Lennarz, D.; Mahn, K. B. M.; Neer, G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Dembinski, H.; Evenson, P. A.; Gaisser, T. K.; Gonzalez, J. G.; Koirala, R.; Pandya, H.; Seckel, D.; Stanev, T.; Tilav, S.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Dembinski, H.; Evenson, P. A.; Gaisser, T. K.; Gonzalez, J. G.; Koirala, R.; Pandya, H.; Seckel, D.; Stanev, T.; Tilav, S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [De Ridder, S.; Ismail, A. Haj; Labare, M.; Meli, A.; Ryckbosch, D.; Vanheule, S.; Vraeghe, M.] Univ Ghent, Dept Phys & Astron, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [de With, M.; Hebecker, D.; Kolanoski, H.; Kowalski, M.] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Fazely, A. R.; Ter-Antonyan, S.; Xu, X. W.] Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. [Gaior, R.; Ishihara, A.; Kuwabara, T.; Lu, L.; Mase, K.; Relich, M.; Yoshida, S.] Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan. [Gallagher, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Homeier, A.; Voge, M.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hoshina, K.] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. [Japaridze, G. S.] Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. [Kauer, M.; Maruyama, R.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Kiryluk, J.; Lesiak-Bzdak, M.; Niederhausen, H.; Xu, Y.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Kohnen, G.] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. [Kurahashi, N.; Richman, M.; Wills, L.] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Madsen, J.; Seunarine, S.; Spiczak, G. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. [Palczewski, T.; Pepper, J. A.; Williams, D. R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Palczewski, T.; Pepper, J. A.; Williams, D. R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Rawlins, K.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Phys & Astron, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Sarkar, S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, 1 Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. [Stamatikos, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McNally, F.] Carleton Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. RP McNally, F (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; McNally, F (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; McNally, F (reprint author), Carleton Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. EM fmcnally@wisc.edu RI Beatty, James/D-9310-2011; Sarkar, Subir/G-5978-2011; Koskinen, David/G-3236-2014; Tjus, Julia/G-8145-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Maruyama, Reina/A-1064-2013; Anton, Gisela/C-4840-2013; Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012 OI Beatty, James/0000-0003-0481-4952; Sarkar, Subir/0000-0002-3542-858X; Koskinen, David/0000-0002-0514-5917; Perez de los Heros, Carlos/0000-0002-2084-5866; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Maruyama, Reina/0000-0003-2794-512X; Anton, Gisela/0000-0003-2039-4724; Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008 FU US National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs; US National Science Foundation-Physics Division; University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; Grid Laboratory Of Wisconsin (GLOW) grid infrastructure at the University of Wisconsin-Madison; Open Science Grid (OSG) grid infrastructure; US Department of Energy; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI) grid computing resources; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; WestGrid and Compute/Calcul Canada; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Polar Research Secretariat; Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP); Research Department of Plasmas with Complex Interactions (Bochum), Germany; Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO); FWO Odysseus programme; Flanders Institute to encourage scientific and technological research in industry (IWT); Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Marsden Fund, New Zealand; Australian Research Council; Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Villum Fonden; Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark FX We acknowledge the support from the following agencies: US National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, US National Science Foundation-Physics Division, University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, the Grid Laboratory Of Wisconsin (GLOW) grid infrastructure at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the Open Science Grid (OSG) grid infrastructure; US Department of Energy, and National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, the Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI) grid computing resources; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, WestGrid and Compute/Calcul Canada; Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Research Department of Plasmas with Complex Interactions (Bochum), Germany; Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO), FWO Odysseus programme, Flanders Institute to encourage scientific and technological research in industry (IWT), Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Marsden Fund, New Zealand; Australian Research Council; Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS); the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Villum Fonden, Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark. NR 80 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 826 IS 2 AR 220 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/220 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ON UT WOS:000381977900120 ER PT J AU Burke-Spolaor, S Trott, CM Brisken, WF Deller, AT Majid, WA Palaniswamy, D Thompson, DR Tingay, SJ Wagstaff, KL Wayth, RB AF Burke-Spolaor, S. Trott, Cathryn M. Brisken, Walter F. Deller, Adam T. Majid, Walid A. Palaniswamy, Divya Thompson, David R. Tingay, Steven J. Wagstaff, Kiri L. Wayth, Randall B. TI LIMITS ON FAST RADIO BURSTS FROM FOUR YEARS OF THE V-FASTR EXPERIMENT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars: general; radio continuum: general ID COSMOLOGICAL DISTANCES; TRANSIENTS; SEARCH; ARRAY; GALAXY; MHZ AB The V-FASTR experiment on the Very Long Baseline Array was designed to detect dispersed pulses of milliseconds in duration, such as fast radio bursts (FRBs). We use all V-FASTR data through 2015 February to report V-FASTR's upper limits on the rates of FRBs, and compare these with rederived rates from Parkes FRB detection experiments. V-FASTR's operation at lambda = 20 cm allows direct comparison with the 20 cm Parkes rate, and we derive a power-law limit of gamma < -0.4 (95% confidence limit) on the index of FRB source counts, N(>S) proportional to S-gamma. Using the previously measured FRB rate and the unprecedented amount of survey time spent searching for FRBs at a large range of wavelengths (0.3 cm > lambda > 90 cm), we also place frequency-dependent limits on the spectral distribution of FRBs. The most constraining frequencies place two-point spectral index limits of alpha(4cm)(20cm) < 5.8 and alpha(20cm)(90cm) > -7.6, where fluence F proportional to f(alpha) if we assume that the burst rate reported by Champion et al. of R(F similar to 0.6 Jy ms) = 7 x 10(3) sky(-1) day(-1) is accurate (for bursts of similar to 3 ms duration). This upper limit on alpha suggests that if FRBs are extragalactic but noncosmological, on average they are not experiencing excessive free-free absorption due to a medium with high optical depth (assuming temperature similar to 8000 K), which excessively inverts their low-frequency spectrum. This in turn implies that the dispersion of FRBs arises in either or both of the intergalactic medium or the host galaxy, rather than from the source itself. C1 [Burke-Spolaor, S.; Brisken, Walter F.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, POB O, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Burke-Spolaor, S.] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Burke-Spolaor, S.; Majid, Walid A.; Thompson, David R.; Wagstaff, Kiri L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Trott, Cathryn M.; Palaniswamy, Divya; Tingay, Steven J.; Wayth, Randall B.] Curtin Univ, ICRAR, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia. [Brisken, Walter F.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55155 USA. [Deller, Adam T.] ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, NL-7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Trott, Cathryn M.; Tingay, Steven J.; Wayth, Randall B.] ARC Ctr Excellence All Sky Astrophys CAASTRO, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Burke-Spolaor, S (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, POB O, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.; Burke-Spolaor, S (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Burke-Spolaor, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM sspolaor@nrao.edu RI Wayth, Randall/B-2444-2013; OI Wayth, Randall/0000-0002-6995-4131; Trott, Cathryn/0000-0001-6324-1766; Deller, Adam/0000-0001-9434-3837; Tingay, Steven/0000-0002-8195-7562; Wagstaff, Kiri/0000-0003-4401-5506 FU Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO) [CE110001020]; Australian Research Council DECRA Fellowship [DE140100316] FX The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. We acknowledge the exellent commentary by two referees and the ApJ statistician on the paper's manuscripts. This work was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Parts of this research were conducted by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), through project number CE110001020. C.M.T. is supported by an Australian Research Council DECRA Fellowship through project number DE140100316. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 826 IS 2 AR 223 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/223 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ON UT WOS:000381977900123 ER PT J AU Cheung, CC Jean, P Shore, SN Stawarz, L Corbet, RHD Knodlseder, J Starrfield, S Wood, DL Desiante, R Longo, F Pivato, G Wood, KS AF Cheung, C. C. Jean, P. Shore, S. N. Stawarz, L. Corbet, R. H. D. Knodlseder, J. Starrfield, S. Wood, D. L. Desiante, R. Longo, F. Pivato, G. Wood, K. S. TI FERMI-LAT GAMMA-RAY DETECTIONS OF CLASSICAL NOVAE V1369 CENTAURI 2013 AND V5668 SAGITTARII 2015 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-rays: stars novae; cataclysmic variables radiation mechanisms: general ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; V407 CYGNI; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; BLAST WAVE; EMISSION; OUTBURST; MISSION; DWARF; LINES AB We report the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) detections of high-energy (>100 MeV) gamma-ray emission from two recent optically bright classical novae, V1369 Centauri 2013 and V5668 Sagittarii 2015. At early times, Fermi target-of-opportunity observations prompted by their optical discoveries provided enhanced LAT exposure that enabled the detections of gamma-ray onsets beginning 2 days after their first optical peaks. Significant gamma-ray emission was found extending to 39-55 days after their initial LAT detections, with systematically fainter and longer duration emission compared to previous gamma-ray-detected classical novae. These novae were distinguished by multiple bright optical peaks that encompassed the time spans of the observed gamma-ray. The gamma-ray light curves and spectra of the two novae are presented along with representative hadronic and leptonic models, and comparisons with other novae detected by the LAT are discussed. C1 [Cheung, C. C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jean, P.; Knodlseder, J.] IRAP, CNRS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Jean, P.; Knodlseder, J.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, GAHEC, Toulouse, France. [Shore, S. N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Shore, S. N.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis Enrico Fermi, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Stawarz, L.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Corbet, R. H. D.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Corbet, R. H. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Corbet, R. H. D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Starrfield, S.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, POB 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Wood, D. L.; Wood, K. S.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. [Wood, D. L.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Desiante, R.] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Desiante, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Pivato, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RP Cheung, CC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Teddy.Cheung@nrl.navy.mil; Pierre.Jean@irap.omp.eu; steven.neil.shore@unipi.it FU Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France; NRL by a Karles' Fellowship; NASA through Guest Investigator programs [12-FERMI12-0026, 13-FERMI13-0008]; Polish NSC grant [DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083]; NSF; NASA FX Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France.; C.C.C. was supported at NRL by a Karles' Fellowship and by NASA through Guest Investigator programs 12-FERMI12-0026 and 13-FERMI13-0008. L.S. was supported by Polish NSC grant DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083. S.S. acknowledges partial support from NSF and NASA grants to ASU. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 826 IS 2 AR 142 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/142 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ON UT WOS:000381977900042 ER PT J AU Clautice, D Perlman, ES Georganopoulos, M Lister, ML Tombesi, F Cara, M Marshall, HL Hogan, B Kazanas, D AF Clautice, Devon Perlman, Eric S. Georganopoulos, Markos Lister, Matthew L. Tombesi, Francesco Cara, Mihai Marshall, Herman L. Hogan, Brandon Kazanas, Demos TI THE SPECTACULAR RADIO-NEAR-IR-X-RAY JET OF 3C 111: THE X-RAY EMISSION MECHANISM AND JET KINEMATICS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; radio continuum: galaxies; X-rays: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INVERSE-COMPTON; HOT-SPOTS; PKS 0637-752; QUASAR JETS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; GAMMA-RAY; SPECTRA AB Relativistic jets are the most energetic manifestation of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) phenomenon. AGN jets are observed from the radio through gamma-rays and carry copious amounts of matter and energy from the sub-parsec central regions out to the kiloparsec and often megaparsec scale galaxy and cluster environs. While most spatially resolved jets are seen in the radio, an increasing number have been discovered to emit in the optical/near-IR and/or X-ray bands. Here we discuss a spectacular example of this class, the 3C 111 jet, housed in one of the nearest, double-lobed FR II radio galaxies known. We discuss new, deep Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations that reveal both near-IR and X-ray emission from several components of the 3C 111 jet, as well as both the northern and southern hotspots. Important differences are seen between the morphologies in the radio, X-ray, and near-IR bands. The long (over 100 kpc on each side), straight nature of this jet makes it an excellent prototype for future, deep observations, as it is one of the longest such features seen in the radio, near-IR/optical, and X-ray bands. Several independent lines of evidence, including the X-ray and broadband spectral shape as well as the implied velocity of the approaching hotspot, lead us to strongly disfavor the EC/CMB model and instead favor a two-component synchrotron model to explain the observed X-ray emission for several jet components. Future observations with NuSTAR, HST, and Chandra will allow us to further constrain the emission mechanisms. C1 [Clautice, Devon; Perlman, Eric S.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Georganopoulos, Markos] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Lister, Matthew L.; Hogan, Brandon] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 525 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Tombesi, Francesco] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Tombesi, Francesco; Kazanas, Demos] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Code 663, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cara, Mihai] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Marshall, Herman L.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Clautice, D (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. OI Clautice, Devon/0000-0002-7096-8573 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [G03-14113A, G04-15103A, NAS8-03060]; HST [GO-13114.01]; Space Telescope Science Institute; NASA [NAS 5-26555] FX These results are based on observations made by the Chandra X-ray Observatory (data sets 702798 and 703007) and Hubble Space Telescope (program 13114), as well as the Very Large Array (VLA, program AB534). E.P., D.C., and F.T. acknowledge support for this work by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through Chandra awards G03-14113A (E.P. and D.C.) and G04-15103A (F.T.) issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astronomical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. E.P. and D.C. also acknowledge support from HST grant GO-13114.01, which was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This research made use of Astropy, a community-developed core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013), hosted at http://www.astropy.org. This research also made use of APLpy, an open-source plotting package for Python hosted at http://aplpy.github.com. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 826 IS 2 AR 109 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/109 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ON UT WOS:000381977900009 ER PT J AU Draper, ZH Duchene, G Millar-Blanchaer, MA Matthews, BC Wang, JJ Kalas, P Graham, JR Padgett, D Ammons, SM Bulger, J Chen, C Chilcote, JK Doyon, R Fitzgerald, MP Follette, KB Gerard, B Greenbaum, AZ Hibon, P Hinkley, S Macintosh, B Ingraham, P Lafreniere, D Marchis, F Marois, C Nielsen, EL Oppenheimer, R Patel, R Patience, J Perrin, M Pueyo, L Rajan, A Rameau, J Sivaramakrishnan, A Vega, D Ward-Duong, K Wolf, SG AF Draper, Zachary H. Duchene, Gaspard Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A. Matthews, Brenda C. Wang, Jason J. Kalas, Paul Graham, James R. Padgett, Deborah Ammons, S. Mark Bulger, Joanna Chen, Christine Chilcote, Jeffrey K. Doyon, Rene Fitzgerald, Michael P. Follette, Kate B. Gerard, Benjamin Greenbaum, Alexandra Z. Hibon, Pascale Hinkley, Sasha Macintosh, Bruce Ingraham, Patrick Lafreniere, David Marchis, Franck Marois, Christian Nielsen, Eric L. Oppenheimer, Rebecca Patel, Rahul Patience, Jenny Perrin, Marshall Pueyo, Laurent Rajan, Abhijith Rameau, Julien Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Vega, David Ward-Duong, Kimberly Wolf, Schuyler G. TI THE PECULIAR DEBRIS DISK OF HD 111520 AS RESOLVED BY THE GEMINI PLANET IMAGER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars: individual (HD 111520) ID SCORPIUS-CENTAURUS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; POLARIZED-LIGHT; INNER DISK; 1ST LIGHT; STARS; POLARIMETRY; ASYMMETRIES; CENSUS; SYSTEM AB Using the Gemini Planet Imager, we have resolved the circumstellar debris disk around HD 111520 at a projected range of similar to 30-100 AU in both total and polarized H-band intensity. The disk is seen edge-on at a position angle of 165 along the spine of emission. A slight inclination and asymmetric warp are covariant and alter the interpretation of the observed disk emission. We employ three point-spread function subtraction methods to reduce the stellar glare and instrumental artifacts to confirm that there is a roughly 2:1 brightness asymmetry between the NW and SE extension. This specific feature makes HD 111520 the most extreme example of asymmetric debris disks observed in scattered light among similar highly inclined systems, such as HD 15115 and HD 106906. We further identify a tentative localized brightness enhancement and scale height enhancement associated with the disk at similar to 40 AU away from the star on the SE extension. We also find that the fractional polarization rises from 10% to 40% from 0.'' 15 to 0.'' 8 from the star. The combination of large brightness asymmetry and symmetric polarization fraction leads us to believe that an azimuthal dust density variation is causing the observed asymmetry. C1 [Draper, Zachary H.; Matthews, Brenda C.; Gerard, Benjamin; Marois, Christian] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Draper, Zachary H.; Matthews, Brenda C.; Gerard, Benjamin; Marois, Christian] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Astron & Astrophys, 5071 West Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Duchene, Gaspard; Wang, Jason J.; Kalas, Paul; Graham, James R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Duchene, Gaspard] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A.; Chilcote, Jeffrey K.] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Padgett, Deborah] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ammons, S. Mark] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Bulger, Joanna] NAOJ, Subaru Telescope, 650 North Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Chen, Christine; Greenbaum, Alexandra Z.; Perrin, Marshall; Pueyo, Laurent; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand; Wolf, Schuyler G.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Doyon, Rene; Lafreniere, David; Rameau, Julien] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Inst Rech Exoplanetes, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Fitzgerald, Michael P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Follette, Kate B.; Macintosh, Bruce; Nielsen, Eric L.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Greenbaum, Alexandra Z.; Wolf, Schuyler G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hibon, Pascale] European So Observ, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile. [Hinkley, Sasha] Univ Exeter, Astrophys Grp, Phys Bldg,Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Ingraham, Patrick] Large Synopt Survey Telescope, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Marchis, Franck; Nielsen, Eric L.; Vega, David] Carl Sagan Ctr, SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Oppenheimer, Rebecca] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Patel, Rahul] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, 770 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Patience, Jenny; Rajan, Abhijith; Ward-Duong, Kimberly] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, POB 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Draper, ZH (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.; Draper, ZH (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Astron & Astrophys, 5071 West Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. OI Draper, Zachary/0000-0002-1834-3496; Nielsen, Eric/0000-0001-6975-9056; Duchene, Gaspard/0000-0002-5092-6464; Fitzgerald, Michael/0000-0002-0176-8973; Wang, Jason/0000-0003-0774-6502; Greenbaum, Alexandra/0000-0002-7162-8036 FU Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NSF [AST-0909188, AST-1313718, AST-141378, AST 1411868]; NASA [NNX15AD95G/NEXSS, NNX14AJ80G, NNX11AD21G] FX Z.H.D. and B.C.M. acknowledge a Discovery Grant and Accelerator Supplement from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada.; Supported by NSF grants AST-0909188, AST-1313718 (J.R.G., J.J.W., P.G.K.), AST-141378 (G.D., M.F.), and AST 1411868 (K.F., J.L.P., A.R., K.W.D.).; Supported by NASA grants NNX15AD95G/NEXSS, NNX14AJ80G, and NNX11AD21G (J.R.G., J.J.W., P.G.K.).; Portions of this work were performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (S.M.A.). NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 826 IS 2 AR 147 DI 10.3847/0004-637x/826/2/147 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ON UT WOS:000381977900047 ER PT J AU Gordon, KD Fouesneau, M Arab, H Tchernyshyov, K Weisz, DR Dalcanton, JJ Williams, BF Bell, EF Bianchi, L Boyer, M Choi, Y Dolphin, A Girardi, L Hogg, DW Kalirai, JS Kapala, M Lewis, AR Rix, HW Sandstrom, K Skillman, ED AF Gordon, Karl D. Fouesneau, Morgan Arab, Heddy Tchernyshyov, Kirill Weisz, Daniel R. Dalcanton, Julianne J. Williams, Benjamin F. Bell, Eric F. Bianchi, Luciana Boyer, Martha Choi, Yumi Dolphin, Andrew Girardi, Leo Hogg, David W. Kalirai, Jason S. Kapala, Maria Lewis, Alexia R. Rix, Hans-Walter Sandstrom, Karin Skillman, Evan D. TI THE PANCHROMATIC HUBBLE ANDROMEDA TREASURY. XV. THE BEAST: BAYESIAN EXTINCTION AND STELLAR TOOL SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; galaxies: individual (M31); methods: data analysis; methods: statistical; stars: fundamental parameters ID SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; BLANKETED MODEL ATMOSPHERES; STAR-FORMING REGIONS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION; INTERSTELLAR DUST; MILKY-WAY; PHOTOMETRIC SURVEY; ADVANCED CAMERA AB We present the Bayesian Extinction And Stellar Tool (BEAST), a probabilistic approach to modeling the dust extinguished photometric spectral energy distribution of an individual star while accounting for observational uncertainties common to large resolved star surveys. Given a set of photometric measurements and an observational uncertainty model, the BEAST infers the physical properties of the stellar source using stellar evolution and atmosphere models and constrains the line of sight extinction using a newly developed mixture model that encompasses the full range of dust extinction curves seen in the Local Group. The BEAST is specifically formulated for use with large multi-band surveys of resolved stellar populations. Our approach accounts for measurement uncertainties and any covariance between them due to stellar crowding (both systematic biases and uncertainties in the bias) and absolute flux calibration, thereby incorporating the full information content of the measurement. We illustrate the accuracy and precision possible with the BEAST using data from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury. While the BEAST has been developed for this survey, it can be easily applied to similar existing and planned resolved star surveys. C1 [Gordon, Karl D.; Arab, Heddy; Kalirai, Jason S.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gordon, Karl D.] Univ Ghent, Sterrenkundig Observ, Krijgslaan 281 S9, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Fouesneau, Morgan; Hogg, David W.; Kapala, Maria; Rix, Hans-Walter] Max Planck Inst Astron, Koenigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Tchernyshyov, Kirill; Bianchi, Luciana] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Weisz, Daniel R.; Dalcanton, Julianne J.; Williams, Benjamin F.; Choi, Yumi; Lewis, Alexia R.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bell, Eric F.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Boyer, Martha] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Boyer, Martha] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dolphin, Andrew] Raytheon Co, Tucson, AZ 85734 USA. [Girardi, Leo] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Hogg, David W.] NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Sandstrom, Karin] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Skillman, Evan D.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Gordon, KD (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM kgordon@stsci.edu OI Weisz, Daniel/0000-0002-6442-6030; Bell, Eric/0000-0002-5564-9873 FU NASA through Space Telescope Science Institute [12055]; NASA [NAS 5-26555]; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-HF-51331.01]; National Science Foundation [ACI-1053575] FX We thank the referee for insightful comments that motivated us to significantly improve the content and presentation of this paper. Support for program # 12055 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. Support for DRW is provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grants HST-HF-51331.01 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number ACI-1053575. The authors acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin for providing High Performance Computing (HPC) resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper. URL: http://www.tacc.utexas.edu. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 826 IS 2 AR 104 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/104 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ON UT WOS:000381977900004 ER PT J AU Hailey, CJ Mori, K Perez, K Canipe, AM Hong, J Tomsick, JA Boggs, SE Christensen, FE Craig, WW Fornasini, F Grindlay, JE Harrison, FA Nynka, M Rahoui, F Stern, D Zhang, S Zhang, WW AF Hailey, Charles J. Mori, Kaya Perez, Kerstin Canipe, Alicia M. Hong, Jaesub Tomsick, John A. Boggs, Steven E. Christensen, Finn E. Craig, William W. Fornasini, Francesca Grindlay, Jonathan E. Harrison, Fiona A. Nynka, Melania Rahoui, Farid Stern, Daniel Zhang, Shuo Zhang, William W. TI EVIDENCE FOR INTERMEDIATE POLARS AS THE ORIGIN OF THE GALACTIC CENTER HARD X-RAY EMISSION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: center; novae, cataclysmic variables; X-rays: diffuse background ID MAGNETIC CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; WHITE-DWARF MASSES; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; TV-COLUMBAE; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; LINE DIAGNOSTICS; RIDGE EMISSION; SPACE DENSITY; CENTER REGION AB Recently, unresolved hard (20-40 keV) X-ray emission has been discovered within the central 10 pc of the Galaxy, possibly indicating a large population of intermediate polars (IPs). Chandra and XMM-Newton measurements in the surrounding similar to 50 pc imply a much lighter population of IPs with < M-WD > approximate to 0.5M(circle dot). Here we use broadband NuSTAR observations of two IPs: TV Columbae, which has a fairly typical but widely varying reported mass of M-WD approximate to 0.5-1.0M(circle dot), and IGR J17303-0601, with a heavy reported mass of M-WD approximate to 1.0-1.2M(circle dot). We investigate how varying spectral models and observed energy ranges influences estimated white dwarf mass. Observations of the inner 10 pc can be accounted for by IPs with < M-WD > approximate to 0.9M(circle dot), consistent with that of the CV population in general and the X-ray observed field IPs in particular. The lower mass derived by Chandra and XMM-Newton appears to be an artifact of narrow energy-band fitting. To explain the (unresolved) central hard X-ray emission (CHXE) by IPs requires an X-ray (2-8 keV) luminosity function (XLF) extending down to at least 5 x 10(31) erg s(-1). The CHXE XLF, if extended to the surrounding similar to 50 pc observed by Chandra and XMM-Newton, requires that at least similar to 20%-40% of the similar to 9000 point sources are IPs. If the XLF extends just a factor of a few lower in luminosity, then the vast majority of these sources are IPs. This is in contrast to recent observations of the Galactic ridge, where the bulk of the 2-8 keV emission is ascribed to non-magnetic CVs. C1 [Hailey, Charles J.; Mori, Kaya; Canipe, Alicia M.; Nynka, Melania; Zhang, Shuo] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Perez, Kerstin] Haverford Coll, 370 Lancaster Ave,KINSC L109, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Hong, Jaesub; Grindlay, Jonathan E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tomsick, John A.; Boggs, Steven E.; Craig, William W.; Fornasini, Francesca] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Christensen, Finn E.] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Space Natl Space Inst, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Craig, William W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Harrison, Fiona A.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Nynka, Melania] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Rahoui, Farid] European Southern Observ, K Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85798 Garching, Germany. [Stern, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Zhang, William W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hailey, CJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM chuckh@astro.columbia.edu FU NASA [NNG08FD60C]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported under NASA Contract No. NNG08FD60C, and made use of data from the NuSTAR mission, a project led by the California Institute of Technology, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank the NuSTAR Operations, Software and Calibration teams for support with the execution and analysis of these observations. This research has made use of the NuSTAR Data Analysis Software (NuSTARDAS) jointly developed by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC, Italy) and the California Institute of Technology (USA). The authors thank K Mukai and QD Wang for valuable discussions. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 826 IS 2 AR 160 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/160 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ON UT WOS:000381977900060 ER PT J AU Johns-Krull, CM McLane, JN Prato, L Crockett, CJ Jaffe, DT Hartigan, PM Beichman, CA Mahmud, NI Chen, W Skiff, BA Cauley, PW Jones, JA Mace, GN AF Johns-Krull, Christopher M. McLane, Jacob N. Prato, L. Crockett, Christopher J. Jaffe, Daniel T. Hartigan, Patrick M. Beichman, Charles A. Mahmud, Naved I. Chen, Wei Skiff, B. A. Cauley, P. Wilson Jones, Joshua A. Mace, G. N. TI A CANDIDATE YOUNG MASSIVE PLANET IN ORBIT AROUND THE CLASSICAL T TAURI STAR CI TAU SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: formation; stars: individual (CI Tau); stars: low-mass; stars: pre-main sequence; star spots; techniques: radial velocities ID SUB-STELLAR COMPANION; RADIAL-VELOCITY VARIABILITY; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; NEARBY M DWARFS; MAGNETOSPHERIC ACCRETION; LIGHT CURVES; NGC 2264; BROWN DWARF; PHOTOMETRIC VARIABILITY; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS AB The similar to 2 Myr old classical T Tauri star CI Tau shows periodic variability in its radial velocity (RV) variations measured at infrared (IR) and optical wavelengths. We find that these observations are consistent with a massive planet in a similar to 9 day period orbit. These results are based on 71 IR RV measurements of this system obtained over five years, and on 26 optical RV measurements obtained over nine years. CI Tau was also observed photometrically in the optical on 34 nights over similar to one month in 2012. The optical RV data alone are inadequate to identify an orbital period, likely the result of star spot and activity-induced noise for this relatively small data set. The infrared RV measurements reveal significant periodicity at similar to 9 days. In addition, the full set of optical and IR RV measurements taken together phase coherently and with equal amplitudes to the similar to 9 day period. Periodic RV signals can in principle be produced by cool spots, hotspots, and reflection of the stellar spectrum off the inner disk, in addition to resulting from a planetary companion. We have considered each of these and find the planet hypothesis most consistent with the data. The RV amplitude yields an M sin i of similar to 8.1 M-Jup; in conjunction with a 1.3 mm continuum emission measurement of the circumstellar disk inclination from the literature, we find a planet mass of similar to 11.3 M-Jup, assuming alignment of the planetary orbit with the disk. C1 [Johns-Krull, Christopher M.; Hartigan, Patrick M.; Mahmud, Naved I.; Chen, Wei; Cauley, P. Wilson; Jones, Joshua A.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MS-108,6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [McLane, Jacob N.; Prato, L.; Skiff, B. A.] Lowell Observ, 1400 West Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [McLane, Jacob N.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Crockett, Christopher J.] Sci News, 1719 N St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Jaffe, Daniel T.; Mace, G. N.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, RL Moore Hall, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Beichman, Charles A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Beichman, Charles A.] CALTECH, NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst NExScI, 770 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cauley, P. Wilson] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Astron, 45 Wyllys Ave, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RP McLane, JN (reprint author), Lowell Observ, 1400 West Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.; McLane, JN (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM jmclane@lowell.edu; lprato@lowell.edu FU SIM Young Planets Key Project; NASA Origins grants [05-SSO05-86, 07-SSO07-86]; NSF [AST-1212122]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-1229522]; University of Texas at Austin; Korean GMT Project of KASI; W. M. Keck Foundation; Arizona Space Grant consortium FX We thank the IRTF TOs Dave Griep, Bill Golisch, and Eric Volquardsen and SAs John Rayner, Mike Connelly, and Bobby Bus, the Keck Observatory OAs Cynthia Wilburn and Heather Hershley and SAs Scott Dahm and Greg Wirth, KPNO staff Dave Summers, Di Harmer, and Dick Joyce, and Dave Doss of McDonald Observatory for their exceptional observing support over the many years of this program. L.P. is grateful to Peter Bodenheimer, Joe Llama, Evgenya Shkolnik, and Ben Zuckerman for insightful discussions. Partial support for this research was provided by the SIM Young Planets Key Project and by NASA Origins grants 05-SSO05-86 and 07-SSO07-86 to L.P. Additional support for this work was provided by the NSF through grant AST-1212122 made to Rice University. We are grateful to the Arizona Space Grant consortium for support of J.N.M.'s participation in this work. We wish to thank an anonymous referee for many helpful comments that improved the manuscript. This work made use of the SIMBAD reference database, the NASA Astrophysics Data System, and the data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This work made use of the Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrograph (IGRINS) that was developed under a collaboration between the University of Texas at Austin and the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) with the financial support of the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant AST-1229522, of the University of Texas at Austin, and of the Korean GMT Project of KASI. Some data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors recognize and acknowledge the significant cultural role that the summit of Mauna Kea plays within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are grateful for the opportunity to conduct observations from this special mountain. NR 125 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 826 IS 2 AR 206 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/206 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ON UT WOS:000381977900106 ER PT J AU Kay, C Opher, M Kornbleuth, M AF Kay, C. Opher, M. Kornbleuth, M. TI PROBABILITY OF CME IMPACT ON EXOPLANETS ORBITING M DWARFS AND SOLAR-LIKE STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: activity; stars: low-mass; stars: solar-type ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; IN HABITABLE ZONES; ACTIVITY-ROTATION RELATIONSHIP; EARTH-LIKE EXOPLANETS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; COOL STARS; TERRESTRIAL EXOPLANETS; EXTRASOLAR PLANET AB Solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) produce adverse space weather effects at Earth. Planets in the close habitable zone of magnetically active M dwarfs may experience more extreme space weather than at Earth, including frequent CME impacts leading to atmospheric erosion and leaving the surface exposed to extreme flare activity. Similar erosion may occur for hot Jupiters with close orbits around solar-like stars. We have developed a model, Forecasting a CME's Altered Trajectory (ForeCAT), which predicts a CME's deflection. We adapt ForeCAT to simulate CME deflections for the mid-type M dwarf V374 Peg and hot Jupiters with solar-type hosts. V374 Peg's strong magnetic fields can trap CMEs at the M dwarfs's Astrospheric Current Sheet, that is, the location of the minimum in the background magnetic field. Solar-type CMEs behave similarly, but have much smaller deflections and do not become trapped at the Astrospheric Current Sheet. The probability of planetary impact decreases with increasing inclination of the planetary orbit with respect to the Astrospheric Current Sheet: 0.5-5 CME impacts per day for M dwarf exoplanets, 0.05-0.5 CME impacts per day for solar-type hot Jupiters. We determine the minimum planetary magnetic field necessary to shield a planet's atmosphere from CME impacts. M dwarf exoplanets require values between tens and hundreds of Gauss. Hot Jupiters around a solar-type star, however, require a more reasonable <30 G. These values exceed the magnitude required to shield a planet from the stellar wind, suggesting that CMEs may be the key driver of atmospheric losses. C1 [Kay, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kay, C.; Opher, M.; Kornbleuth, M.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Kay, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Kay, C (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ckay@bu.edu OI Kay, Christina/0000-0002-2827-6012 FU NSF Career Grant [ATM-0747654] FX M.O. acknowledges the support of NSF Career Grant ATM-0747654. NR 114 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 826 IS 2 AR 195 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/195 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ON UT WOS:000381977900095 ER PT J AU Ko, YK Young, PR Muglach, K Warren, HP Ugarte-Urra, I AF Ko, Yuan-Kuen Young, Peter R. Muglach, Karin Warren, Harry P. Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio TI CORRELATION OF CORONAL PLASMA PROPERTIES AND SOLAR MAGNETIC FIELD IN A DECAYING ACTIVE REGION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: abundances; Sun: corona; Sun: magnetic fields ID EUV IMAGING SPECTROMETER; LONG-TERM EVOLUTION; NON-WKB MODELS; ABUNDANCE MEASUREMENTS; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION; WIND; HINODE AB We present the analysis of a decaying active region observed by the EUV Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode during 2009 December 7-11. We investigated the temporal evolution of its structure exhibited by plasma at temperatures from 300,000 to 2.8 million degrees, and derived the electron density, differential emission measure, effective electron temperature, and elemental abundance ratios of Si/S and Fe/S (as a measure of the First Ionization Potential (FIP) Effect). We compared these coronal properties to the temporal evolution of the photospheric magnetic field strength obtained from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Michelson Doppler Imager magnetograms. We find that, while these coronal properties all decreased with time during this decay phase, the largest change was at plasma above 1.5 million degrees. The photospheric magnetic field strength also decreased with time but mainly for field strengths lower than about 70 Gauss. The effective electron temperature and the FIP bias seem to reach a "basal" state (at 1.5 x 10(6) K and 1.5, respectively) into the quiet Sun when the mean photospheric magnetic field (excluding all areas < 10 G) weakened to below 35 G, while the electron density continued to decrease with the weakening field. These physical properties are all positively correlated with each other and the correlation is the strongest in the high-temperature plasma. Such correlation properties should be considered in the quest for our understanding of how the corona is heated. The variations in the elemental abundance should especially be considered together with the electron temperature and density. C1 [Ko, Yuan-Kuen; Warren, Harry P.; Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Young, Peter R.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Young, Peter R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 671, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Muglach, Karin] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Muglach, Karin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 674, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ko, YK (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yuan-kuen.ko@nrl.navy.mil OI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/0000-0001-5503-0491 FU JAXA; NAOJ (Japan); STFC (UK); NASA [HGI NNH10AN82I]; ESA; NSC (Norway); NASA's Hinode program FX We thank E. Landi for executing these EIS observations, U. Feldman for helpful discussions, and the referee for valuable comments. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, collaborating with NAOJ as a domestic partner, NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. Scientific operation of the Hinode mission is conducted by the Hinode science team organized at ISAS/JAXA. This team mainly consists of scientists from institutes in the partner countries. Support for the post-launch operation is provided by JAXA and NAOJ (Japan), STFC (UK), NASA, ESA, and NSC (Norway). SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. CHIANTI is a collaborative project involving George Mason University, the University of Michigan (USA) and the University of Cambridge (UK). This work was supported by the Chief of Naval Research, NASA's Hinode program, and NASA grant HGI NNH10AN82I. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 826 IS 2 AR 126 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/126 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ON UT WOS:000381977900026 ER PT J AU Kogut, A Fixsen, DJ AF Kogut, A. Fixsen, D. J. TI FOREGROUND BIAS FROM PARAMETRIC MODELS OF FAR-IR DUST EMISSION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; dust, extinction; methods: data analysis ID INTERSTELLAR DUST; AMORPHOUS SOLIDS; SPECTRAL OBSERVATIONS; GALACTIC EMISSION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; POLARIZATION; SUBMILLIMETER; GALAXY; COBE; RADIATION AB We use simple toy models of far-IR dust emission to estimate the accuracy to which the polarization of the cosmic microwave background can be recovered using multi-frequency fits, if the parametric form chosen for the fitted dust model differs from the actual dust emission. Commonly used approximations to the far-IR dust spectrum yield CMB residuals comparable to or larger than the sensitivities expected for the next generation of CMB missions, despite fitting the combined CMB + foreground emission to precision 0.1% or better. The Rayleigh-Jeans approximation to the dust spectrum biases the fitted dust spectral index by Delta beta(d) = 0.2 and the inflationary B-mode amplitude by Delta r = 0.03. Fitting the dust to a modified blackbody at a single temperature biases the best-fit CMB by Delta r > 0.003 if the true dust spectrum contains multiple temperature components. A 13-parameter model fitting two temperature components reduces this bias by an order of magnitude if the true dust spectrum is in fact a simple superposition of emission at different temperatures, but fails at the level Delta r = 0.006 for dust whose spectral index varies with frequency. Restricting the observing frequencies to a narrow region near the foreground minimum reduces these biases for some dust spectra but can increase the bias for others. Data at THz frequencies surrounding the peak of the dust emission can mitigate these biases while providing a direct determination of the dust temperature profile. C1 [Kogut, A.; Fixsen, D. J.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fixsen, D. J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kogut, A (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Alan.J.Kogut@nasa.gov NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 826 IS 2 AR 101 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/101 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ON UT WOS:000381977900001 ER PT J AU Millan-Gabet, R Che, X Monnier, JD Sitko, ML Russell, RW Grady, CA Day, AN Perry, RB Harries, TJ Aarnio, AN Colavita, MM Wizinowich, PL Ragland, S Woillez, J AF Millan-Gabet, Rafael Che, Xiao Monnier, John D. Sitko, Michael L. Russell, Ray W. Grady, Carol A. Day, Amanda N. Perry, R. B. Harries, Tim J. Aarnio, Alicia N. Colavita, Mark M. Wizinowich, Peter L. Ragland, Sam Woillez, Julien TI CONFRONTING STANDARD MODELS OF PROTO-PLANETARY DISKS WITH NEW MID-INFRARED SIZES FROM THE KECK INTERFEROMETER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared: stars; protoplanetary disks; stars: pre-main sequence; techniques: high angular resolution ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; HERBIG-AE/BE STARS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; FU ORIONIS STARS; T TAURI STARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; AB-AURIGAE; DG-TAU; PLANET FORMATION AB We present near- and mid-infrared (MIR) interferometric observations made with the Keck Interferometer Nuller and near- contemporaneous spectro-photometry from the infrared telescope facilities (IRTFs) of 11 well-known young stellar objects, several of which were observed for the first time in these spectral and spatial resolution regimes. With au-level spatial resolution, we first establish characteristic sizes of the infrared emission using a simple geometrical model consisting of a hot inner rim and MIR disk emission. We find a high degree of correlation between the stellar luminosity and the MIR disk sizes after using near- infrared data to remove the contribution from the inner rim. We then use a semi-analytical physical model to also find that the very widely used "star + inner dust rim + flared disk" class of models strongly fails to reproduce the spectral energy distribution (SED) and spatially resolved MIR data simultaneously; specifically a more compact source of MIR emission is required than results from the standard flared disk model. We explore the viability of a modification to the model whereby a second dust rim containing smaller dust grains is added, and find that the 2-rim model leads to significantly improved fits in most cases. This complexity is largely missed when carrying out SED modeling alone, although detailed silicate feature fitting by McClure et al. recently came to a similar conclusion. As has been suggested recently by Menu et al., the difficulty in predicting MIR sizes from the SED alone might hint at "transition disk"-like gaps in the inner au; however, the relatively high correlation found in our MIR disk size versus stellar luminosity relation favors layered disk morphologies and points to missing disk model ingredients instead. C1 [Millan-Gabet, Rafael] CALTECH, NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Che, Xiao; Monnier, John D.; Aarnio, Alicia N.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 1085 S Univ Ave,303B West Hall, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Sitko, Michael L.; Day, Amanda N.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Sitko, Michael L.] Space Sci Inst, Ctr Extrasolar Planetary Syst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Russell, Ray W.] Aerosp Corp, POB 92957, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Grady, Carol A.] Eureka Sci, 2452 Delmer,Suite 100, Fukushima 9600231, Japan. [Perry, R. B.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 160, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Harries, Tim J.] Univ Exeter, Dept Phys & Astron, Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Colavita, Mark M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wizinowich, Peter L.; Ragland, Sam; Woillez, Julien] Keck Observ, 65-1120 Mamalahoa Hwy, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. RP Millan-Gabet, R (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM R.Millan-Gabet@caltech.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Exoplanet Exploration Program; W.M. Keck Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH14CK55B]; NASA ADAP [NNX09AC73G]; IR&D program of The Aerospace Corporation. FX The authors acknowledge fruitful discussions with Nuria Calvet and Melissa McClure. Part of this work was performed while XC was a Visiting Graduate Student Research Fellow at the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), California Institute of Technology. The Keck Interferometer was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration as part of its Exoplanet Exploration Program. Data presented herein were obtained at the W.M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. The authors recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. Data presented in this paper were obtained at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under contract NNH14CK55B with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We gratefully acknowledge support and participation in the IRTF/BASS observing runs by Daryl Kim, The Aerospace Corporation. This work has made use of services produced by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute at the California Institute of Technology. M.S. was supported by NASA ADAP grant NNX09AC73G. R.W.R. was supported by the IR&D program of The Aerospace Corporation. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 826 IS 2 AR 120 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/120 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ON UT WOS:000381977900020 ER PT J AU Stone, M Veilleux, S Melendez, M Sturm, E Gracia-Carpio, J Gonzalez-Alfonso, E AF Stone, M. Veilleux, S. Melendez, M. Sturm, E. Gracia-Carpio, J. Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. TI THE SEARCH FOR MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS IN LOCAL VOLUME AGNs WITH HERSCHEL-PACS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: Seyfert; infrared: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; NARROW-LINE REGION; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; PALOMAR-GREEN QUASARS; SEYFERT 1 GALAXIES; HOST GALAXIES AB We present the results from a systematic search for galactic-scale, molecular (OH 119 mu m) outflows in a sample of 52 Local Volume (d < 50 Mpc) Burst Alert Telescope detected active galactic nuclei (BAT AGNs) with Herschel-PACS. We combine the results from our analysis of the BAT AGNs with the published Herschel/PACS data of 43 nearby (z < 0.3) galaxy mergers, mostly ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) and QSOs. The objects in our sample of BAT AGNs have, on average, similar to 10-100 times lower AGN luminosities, star formation rates, and stellar masses than those of the ULIRG and QSO samples. OH 119 mu m is detected in 42 of our BAT AGN targets. Evidence for molecular outflows (i.e., OH absorption profiles with median velocities more blueshifted than -50 km s(-1) and/or blueshifted wings with 84% velocities less than -300 km s(-1)) is seen in only four BAT AGNs (NGC 7479 is the most convincing case). Evidence for molecular inflows (i.e., OH absorption profiles with median velocities more redshifted than 50 km s(-1)) is seen in seven objects, although an inverted P-Cygni profile is detected unambiguously in only one object (Circinus). Our data show that both the starburst and AGN contribute to driving OH outflows, but the fastest OH winds require AGNs with quasar-like luminosities. We also confirm that the total absorption strength of OH 119 mu m is a good proxy for dust optical depth as it correlates strongly with the 9.7 mu m silicate absorption feature, a measure of obscuration originating in both the nuclear torus and host galaxy disk. C1 [Stone, M.; Veilleux, S.; Melendez, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Veilleux, S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Space Sci Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Melendez, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Melendez, M.] Wyle Sci, Technol & Engn Grp, 1290 Hercules Ave, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Sturm, E.; Gracia-Carpio, J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.] Univ Alcala De Henares, Dept Fis & Matemat, Campus Univ, E-28871 Madrid, Spain. RP Stone, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mjstone@astro.umd.edu; veilleux@astro.umd.edu; marcio@astro.umd.edu OI Veilleux, Sylvain/0000-0002-3158-6820 FU NASA [1427277, 1454738] FX Support for this work was provided by NASA through Herschel contracts 1427277 and 1454738 (M.S., S.V., and M.M.). We thank Lisa Winter, Michael Koss, Richard Mushotsky, Ranjan Vasudevan, Steve Hailey-Dunsheath, Ric Davies, Linda Tacconi, David Rupke, Jack Tueller, and Wayne Baumgartner who were Co-Investigators of the original OT-2 Herschel proposal. We also thank Alessandra Contursi for her technical assistance and the referee whose thoughtful suggestions helped to improve this paper. This research made use of PySpecKit, an open-source spectroscopic toolkit hosted at http://pyspeckit.bitbucket.org. This work has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Abstract Service and the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 86 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 826 IS 2 AR 111 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/111 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ON UT WOS:000381977900011 ER PT J AU Venumadhav, T Chang, TC Dore, O Hirata, CM AF Venumadhav, Tejaswi Chang, Tzu-Ching Dore, Olivier Hirata, Christopher M. TI A PRACTICAL THEOREM ON USING INTERFEROMETRY TO MEASURE THE GLOBAL 21 cm SIGNAL SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; dark ages, reionization, first stars; instrumentation: interferometers ID SIMILAR-TO 20; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; HIGH-REDSHIFT; CENTIMETER FLUCTUATIONS; COSMIC REIONIZATION; POWER SPECTRUM; DARK-MATTER; LY-ALPHA; EPOCH; CONSTRAINTS AB The sky-averaged, or global, background of redshifted 21 cm radiation is expected to be a rich source of information on cosmological reheating and reionization. However, measuring the signal is technically challenging: one must extract a small, frequency-dependent signal from under much brighter spectrally smooth foregrounds. Traditional approaches to study the global signal have used single antennas, which require one to calibrate out the frequency-dependent structure in the overall system gain (due to internal reflections, for example) as well as remove the noise bias from auto-correlating a single amplifier output. This has motivated proposals to measure the signal using cross-correlations in interferometric setups, where additional calibration techniques are available. In this paper we focus on the general principles driving the sensitivity of the interferometric setups to the global signal. We prove that this sensitivity is directly related to two characteristics of the setup: the cross-talk between readout channels (i.e., the signal picked up at one antenna when the other one is driven) and the correlated noise due to thermal fluctuations of lossy elements (e.g., absorbers or the ground) radiating into both channels. Thus in an interferometric setup, one cannot suppress cross-talk and correlated thermal noise without reducing sensitivity to the global signal by the same factor-instead, the challenge is to characterize these effects and their frequency dependence. We illustrate our general theorem by explicit calculations within toy setups consisting of two short-dipole antennas in free space and above a perfectly reflecting ground surface, as well as two well-separated identical lossless antennas arranged to achieve zero cross-talk. C1 [Venumadhav, Tejaswi] Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Chang, Tzu-Ching] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Dore, Olivier] CALTECH, Mail Code 350-17, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dore, Olivier] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hirata, Christopher M.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, 191 West Woodruff Lane, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Venumadhav, T (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. FU Schmidt Fellowship; Fund for Memberships in Natural Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study; US Department of Energy; David & Lucile Packard Foundation; Simons Foundation; MoST [103-2112-M-001-002-MY3] FX TV gratefully acknowledges support from the Schmidt Fellowship and the Fund for Memberships in Natural Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study. CH is supported by the US Department of Energy, the David & Lucile Packard Foundation, and the Simons Foundation. T.-C. C. acknowledges support from MoST grant 103-2112-M-001-002-MY3. Part of the research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 826 IS 2 AR 116 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/116 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DU1ON UT WOS:000381977900016 ER PT J AU Johnson, MS Kuang, S Wang, LH Newchurch, MJ AF Johnson, Matthew S. Kuang, Shi Wang, Lihua Newchurch, M. J. TI Evaluating Summer-Time Ozone Enhancement Events in the Southeast United States SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE ozone; air quality; source attribution; TOLNet Lidar ID SURFACE OZONE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; EASTERN US; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; MODEL; FLUX; NOX; CLIMATOLOGY AB This study evaluates source attribution of ozone (O-3) in the southeast United States (US) within O-3 lamina observed by the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) system during June 2013. This research applies surface-level and airborne in situ data and chemical transport model simulations (GEOS-Chem) in order to quantify the impact of North American anthropogenic emissions, wildfires, lightning NOx, and long-range/stratospheric transport on the observed O-3 lamina. During the summer of 2013, two anomalous O-3 layers were observed: (1) a nocturnal near-surface enhancement and (2) a late evening elevated (3-6 km above ground level) O-3 lamina. A "brute force" zeroing method was applied to quantify the impact of individual emission sources and transport pathways on the vertical distribution of O-3 during the two observed lamina. Results show that the nocturnal O-3 enhancement on 12 June 2013 below 3 km was primarily due to wildfire emissions and the fact that daily maximum anthropogenic emission contributions occurred during these night-time hours. During the second case study it was predicted that above average contributions from long-range/stratospheric transport was largely contributing to the O-3 lamina observed between 3 and 6 km on 29 June 2013. Other models, remote-sensing observations, and ground-based/airborne in situ data agree with the source attribution predicted by GEOS-Chem simulations. Overall, this study demonstrates the dynamic atmospheric chemistry occurring in the southeast US and displays the various emission sources and transport processes impacting O-3 enhancements at different vertical levels of the troposphere. C1 [Johnson, Matthew S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kuang, Shi; Wang, Lihua] Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Newchurch, M. J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Johnson, MS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM matthew.s.johnson@nasa.gov; kuang@nsstc.uah.edu; lihuawang@nsstc.uah.edu; mike@nsstc.uah.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 FU TOLNet program FX This work is supported by the TOLNet program developed by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. Matthew Johnson would also like to thank Daniel Jacob, Katie Travis, and the Harvard University Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group for providing the base model GEOS-Chem used during our research. We would also like to thank the SENEX science, instrument, and aircraft teams, with particular thanks to Ilana Pollack and Thomas Ryerson (O3, NOx), Joshua Schwarz (BC), John S. Holloway (CO), and Martin Graus (Isoprene) for specific trace gas and aerosol data. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at NASA Ames Research Center. All the authors express gratitude to the support from NASA's Earth Science Division at Ames Research Center. Finally, the views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NASA or United States Government position, policy, or decision. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 11 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD AUG PY 2016 VL 7 IS 8 AR 108 DI 10.3390/atmos7080108 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DU8PT UT WOS:000382476600013 ER PT J AU Boutin, J Chao, Y Asher, WE Delcroix, T Drucker, R Drushka, K Kolodziejczyk, N Lee, T Reul, N Reverdin, G Schanze, J Soloviev, A Yu, L Anderson, J Brucker, L Dinnat, E Santos-Garcia, A Jones, WL Maes, C Meissner, T Tang, W Vinogradova, N Ward, B AF Boutin, J. Chao, Y. Asher, W. E. Delcroix, T. Drucker, R. Drushka, K. Kolodziejczyk, N. Lee, T. Reul, N. Reverdin, G. Schanze, J. Soloviev, A. Yu, L. Anderson, J. Brucker, L. Dinnat, E. Santos-Garcia, A. Jones, W. L. Maes, C. Meissner, T. Tang, W. Vinogradova, N. Ward, B. TI SATELLITE AND IN SITU SALINITY Understanding Near-Surface Stratification and Subfootprint Variability SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC WARM POOL; BAND RADIOMETER/SCATTEROMETER OBSERVATIONS; WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; OCEAN SALINITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; BARRIER LAYER; RIVER PLUME; TROPICAL OCEANS AB Remote sensing of salinity using satellite-mounted microwave radiometers provides new perspectives for studying ocean dynamics and the global hydrological cycle. Calibration and validation of these measurements is challenging because satellite and in situ methods measure salinity differently. Microwave radiometers measure the salinity in the top few centimeters of the ocean, whereas most in situ observations are reported below a depth of a few meters. Additionally, satellites measure salinity as a spatial average over an area of about 100 x 100 km(2). In contrast, in situ sensors provide pointwise measurements at the location of the sensor. Thus, the presence of vertical gradients in, and horizontal variability of, sea surface salinity complicates comparison of satellite and in situ measurements. This paper synthesizes present knowledge of the magnitude and the processes that contribute to the formation and evolution of vertical and horizontal variability in near surface salinity. Rainfall, freshwater plumes, and evaporation can generate vertical gradients of salinity, and in some cases these gradients can be large enough to affect validation of satellite measurements. Similarly, mesoscale to submesoscale processes can lead to horizontal variability that can also affect comparisons of satellite data to in situ data. Comparisons between satellite and in situ salinity measurements must take into account both vertical stratification and horizontal variability. C1 [Boutin, J.; Kolodziejczyk, N.; Reverdin, G.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LOCEAN Lab, CNRS,IRD,MNHN, Paris, France. [Chao, Y.] Remote Sensing Solut, Pasadena, CA USA. [Asher, W. E.; Drushka, K.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Delcroix, T.] Lab Etud Geophys & Oceanog Spatiale, Toulouse, France. [Drucker, R.; Anderson, J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lee, T.; Tang, W.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Reul, N.] IFREMER, Lab Oceanog Space, Toulon, France. [Schanze, J.] Earth & Space Res, Seattle, WA USA. [Soloviev, A.] Nova Southeastern Univ, Dania, FL USA. [Yu, L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Brucker, L.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Brucker, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Dinnat, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Dinnat, E.] Chapman Univ, Ctr Excellence Earth Syst Modeling & Observat, Orange, CA USA. [Santos-Garcia, A.; Jones, W. L.] Univ Cent Florida, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Maes, C.] UBO, Ifremer, IRD, Lab Phys Oceans,CNRS, Plouzane, France. [Meissner, T.] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA. [Vinogradova, N.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA USA. [Ward, B.] Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Phys, AirSea Lab, Galway, Ireland. [Ward, B.] Natl Univ Ireland, Ryan Inst, Galway, Ireland. RP Boutin, J (reprint author), LOCEAN Lab, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. EM jb@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr RI Delcroix, Thierry/I-6103-2016; Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas/P-3553-2015; Brucker, Ludovic/A-8029-2010; OI Delcroix, Thierry/0000-0002-8850-4865; Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas/0000-0002-0751-1351; Brucker, Ludovic/0000-0001-7102-8084; Reul, Nicolas/0000-0003-4881-2967 FU SISS FX This paper was developed from discussions of the Satellite and In Situ Salinity (SISS) mailing list (http://siss.locean-ipsl.upmc.fr) and several SISS-sponsored working group meetings at the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting and European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly. We thank the following people who read the manuscript and provided comments: Eric Bayler, Rafael J. Catany, Meike Sena Martins, and Yuhe Tony Song. NR 98 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 97 IS 8 BP 1391 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00032.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DU7YO UT WOS:000382430700011 ER PT J AU Bauschlicher, CW AF Bauschlicher, Charles W., Jr. TI The low-lying electronic states of SiO SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Electronic transition ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; TRANSITION AB The singlet states of SiO that correlate with ground state atoms have been studied. The computed spectroscopic constants are in good agreement with experiment. The lifetime of the E state has been calculated to be 10.9 ns; this is larger than the results of previous computations and is in excellent agreement with the experimental value of 10.5 +/- 1.1 ns. The lifetime of the A state is about three times larger than found in experiment. We suggest that absorption from the X state to the (2)(1)Pi state is responsible for the unidentified lines in the experiment of Hormes et al. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bauschlicher, Charles W., Jr.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Bauschlicher, CW (reprint author), Entry Syst & Technol Div, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 658 BP 76 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.06.023 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DU7QN UT WOS:000382409800012 ER PT J AU Strong, AL Lowry, KE Brown, ZW Mills, MM van Dijken, GL Pickart, RS Cooper, LW Frey, KE Benner, R Fichot, CG Mathis, JT Bates, NR Arrigo, KR AF Strong, Aaron L. Lowry, Kate E. Brown, Zachary W. Mills, Matthew M. van Dijken, Gert L. Pickart, Robert S. Cooper, Lee W. Frey, Karen E. Benner, Ron Fichot, Cedric G. Mathis, Jeremy T. Bates, Nicholas R. Arrigo, Kevin R. TI Mass balance estimates of carbon export in different water masses of the Chukchi Sea shelf SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Carbon export; Pelagic-benthic coupling; Phytoplankton; Chukchi; Sea ice ID NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; WESTERN ARCTIC-OCEAN; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; BEAUFORT SEAS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PACIFIC WATER; BARROW CANYON; ICE COVER; DENITRIFICATION RATES; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS AB We construct mass-balance based estimates of carbon (C) export fractions from the water column across the Chukchi Sea shelf. Export is calculated as the difference between phytoplankton drawdown of dissolved inorganic C (DIC) and the accumulation of autochthonous particulate and dissolved organic C in the water column. Organic carbon (C-org) exports of > 50% of DIC drawdown are ubiquitous across the shelf, even during, or shortly after, phytoplankton blooms, suggesting widespread and strong pelagic-benthic coupling. Export fractions on the shelf were generally greater in the less-productive Alaska Coastal Water than in the more productive Bering Shelf-Anadyr Water. Additionally, export fractions were greater in 2011 than in 2010, highlighting the significant spatial and inter-annual variability of the fate of Corg in this ecologically and biogeochemically important, and rapidly changing, ecosystem. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Strong, Aaron L.] Stanford Univ, Emmett Interdisciplinary Program Environm & Resou, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lowry, Kate E.; Brown, Zachary W.; Mills, Matthew M.; van Dijken, Gert L.; Arrigo, Kevin R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Pickart, Robert S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Cooper, Lee W.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Frey, Karen E.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Benner, Ron; Fichot, Cedric G.] Univ South Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Mathis, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bates, Nicholas R.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges GE 01, Bermuda. [Fichot, Cedric G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Strong, AL (reprint author), 473 Via Ortega Suite 226, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM alstrong@stanford.edu NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 130 BP 88 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.05.003 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DT6KK UT WOS:000381592900008 ER PT J AU Kegerise, MA Rufer, SJ AF Kegerise, Michael A. Rufer, Shann J. TI Unsteady heat-flux measurements of second-mode instability waves in a hypersonic flat-plate boundary layer SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID HOT-WIRE ANEMOMETERS; TRANSITION; ROUGHNESS; TUNNEL AB In this paper, we report on the application of the atomic layer thermopile (ALTP) heat-flux sensor to the measurement of laminar-to-turbulent transition in a hypersonic flat-plate boundary layer. The centerline of the flatplate model was instrumented with a streamwise array of ALTP sensors, and the flat-plate model was exposed to a Mach 6 freestream over a range of unit Reynolds numbers. Here, we observed an unstable band of frequencies that are associated with second-mode instability waves in the laminar boundary layer that forms on the flat-plate surface. The measured frequencies, group velocities, phase speeds, and wavelengths of these instability waves are consistent with data previously reported in the literature. Heat flux time series, and the Morlet wavelet transforms of them, revealed the wave-packet nature of the second-mode instability waves. In addition, a laser-based radiative heating system was used to measure the frequency response functions (FRF) of the ALTP sensors used in the wind tunnel test. These measurements were used to assess the stability of the sensor FRFs over time and to correct spectral estimates for any attenuation caused by the finite sensor bandwidth. C1 [Kegerise, Michael A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Flow Phys & Control Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Rufer, Shann J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aerothermodynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Kegerise, MA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Flow Phys & Control Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM michael.a.kegerise@nasa.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 EI 1432-1114 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD AUG PY 2016 VL 57 IS 8 DI 10.1007/s00348-016-2214-9 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA DT1TJ UT WOS:000381264700007 ER PT J AU Tan, SR Xiong, C Xu, XL Tsang, L AF Tan, Shurun Xiong, Chuan Xu, Xiaolan Tsang, Leung TI Uniaxial Effective Permittivity of Anisotropic Bicontinuous Random Media Using NMM3D SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Anisotropy; bicontinuous medium; correlation function; effective permittivity; Maxwell-Garnett; numerical solutions of Maxwell equations in 3-dimensions (NMM3D); strong permittivity fluctuations (SPFs) ID SNOW; SCATTERING; BAND AB In this letter, we generate anisotropic bicontinuous media with different vertical and horizontal correlation functions. With the computer-generated bicontinuous medium, we then use numerical solutions of Maxwell equations in 3-dimensions (NMM3D) to calculate the anisotropic effective permittivities and the effective propagation constants of V and H polarizations. The copolarization phase difference (CPD) of VV and HH is then derived. The CPDs have recently been applied to the retrieval of snow water equivalent, snow depth, and anisotropy. The NMM3D simulation results are also compared with the results of the strong permittivity fluctuations in the low frequency limit and compared against the Maxwell-Garnett mixing formula. C1 [Tan, Shurun; Xiong, Chuan; Tsang, Leung] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Radiat Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Xiong, Chuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Xu, Xiaolan] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Tan, SR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Radiat Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM srtan@umich.edu; xiongchuan@radi.ac.cn; xiaolan.xu@jpl.nasa.gov; leutsang@umich.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX15AU15G]; NASA; NASA [NNX15AI13G]; National Science Foundation (NSF) Polar Science Division [1503917]; NSF XSEDE [TG-EAR100002] FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Terrestrial Hydrology Program under Grant NNX15AU15G, by the NASA Instrument Incubator Program "Enhancement, Demonstration, and Validation of the Wideband Instrument for Snow Measurements (WISM)," by the NASA Remote Sensing Theory Program under Grant NNX15AI13G, by National Science Foundation (NSF) Polar Science Division Grant 1503917, and by NSF XSEDE Grant TG-EAR100002. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1168 EP 1172 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2016.2574759 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DV1LR UT WOS:000382683100027 ER PT J AU Ricko, M Adler, RF Huffman, GJ AF Ricko, Martina Adler, Robert F. Huffman, George J. TI Climatology and Interannual Variability of Quasi-Global Intense Precipitation Using Satellite Observations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EXTREME RAINFALL EVENTS; SOUTH-AMERICA; TROPICAL RAINFALL; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; MONSOON SEASON; ANALYSIS TMPA; TRMM; RESOLUTION; GPCP; VALIDATION AB Climatology and variations of recent mean and intense precipitation over a near-global (50 degrees S-50 degrees N) domain on a monthly and annual time scale are analyzed. Data used to derive daily precipitation to examine the effects of spatial and temporal coverage of intense precipitation are from the current Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42 version 7 precipitation product, with high spatial and temporal resolution during 1998-2013. Intense precipitation is defined by several different parameters, such as a 95th percentile threshold of daily precipitation, a mean precipitation that exceeds that percentile, or a fixed threshold of daily precipitation value (e.g., 25 and 50 mm day(-1)). All parameters are used to identify the main characteristics of spatial and temporal variation of intense precipitation. High correlations between examined parameters are observed, especially between climatological monthly mean precipitation and intense precipitation, over both tropical land and ocean. Among the various parameters examined, the one best characterizing intense rainfall is a fraction of daily precipitation >= 25 mm day(-1), defined as a ratio between the intense precipitation above the used threshold and mean precipitation. Regions that experience an increase in mean precipitation likely experience a similar increase in intense precipitation, especially during the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Improved knowledge of this intense precipitation regime and its strong connection to mean precipitation given by the fraction parameter can be used for monitoring of intense rainfall and its intensity on a global to regional scale. C1 [Ricko, Martina] SGT Inc, 7701 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 400, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Adler, Robert F.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Huffman, George J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Ricko, M (reprint author), SGT Inc, 7701 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 400, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM mricko@sgt-inc.com FU NASA NEWS Program; NASA PMM Program FX This research was supported by the NASA NEWS Program and the NASA PMM Program. TRMM 3B42V7 product data were provided by the NASA Precipitation Processing System (PPS) at ftp://trmmopen.pps.eosdis.nasa.gov/trmmdata/. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 29 IS 15 BP 5447 EP 5468 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0662.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS4PR UT WOS:000380763500005 ER PT J AU Stephens, GL Kahn, BH Richardson, M AF Stephens, Graeme L. Kahn, Brian H. Richardson, Mark TI The Super Greenhouse Effect in a Changing Climate SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; FEEDBACKS; MODELS; CO2; OCEAN AB In all outputs of the 1% yr (1) increase in CO2 climate model experiments archived under the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP) phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), regions exist in the low latitudes where both the clear-sky and all-sky OLR decrease with surface warming. These are identified as regions of positive longwave feedback and are regions of a super greenhouse effect (SGE). These SGE regions are identified from feedback analysis of the 4 x CO2 abrupt experiments of CMIP5, and despite their existence, there is little agreement across models as to the magnitude of the effect. The general effects of clouds on the SGE are to amplify the clear-sky SGE, but there is also poor agreement on the magnitude of the amplification that varies by an order of magnitude across models. Sensitivity analyses indicate that localized SGE regions are spatially aligned with a large moistening of the upper troposphere. The reduction in clear-sky OLR arises from a reduction in emission in the far IR with nonnegligible contributions from mid-IR emission from the midtroposphere. When viewed in the broader context of meridional heat transport, it is found that of the 1.03-PW rate of heat gained globally, 0.8 PW is absorbed in the tropics and is contributed almost equally by reductions in clear-sky longwave emission (i.e., the clear-sky SGE) and increased absorbed clear-sky solar radiation associated with increased water vapor. The processes that define the clear-sky SGE are shown to be fundamental to the way models accumulate heat and then transport it poleward. C1 [Stephens, Graeme L.; Kahn, Brian H.; Richardson, Mark] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Stephens, Graeme L.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. RP Stephens, GL (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,Mail Stop 233-304, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM graeme.stephens@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The HadGEM2-ES data used for the offline calculations was furnished by Alejandro Bodas-Salcedo of the UKMO. The authors and content of the paper also benefited from discussions with Tim Andrews of the UKMO and in particular Kyle Armour of the University of Washington. The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The AIRS version 6 datasets were processed by and obtained from the Goddard Earth Services Data and Information Services Center (http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/; Teixeira et al. 2013). The JPL author's copyright for this publication is held by the California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 29 IS 15 BP 5469 EP 5482 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0234.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS4PR UT WOS:000380763500006 ER PT J AU Scott, RC Bartels, RE Funk, CJ Allen, TJ Sexton, BW Dykman, JR Coulson, DA AF Scott, Robert C. Bartels, Robert E. Funk, Christie J. Allen, Timothy J. Sexton, Bradley W. Dykman, John R. Coulson, David A. TI Aeroservoelastic Test of the Subsonic Ultra-Green Aircraft Research Truss-Braced Wing Model SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID DESIGN OPTIMIZATION; SCHEMES AB The Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research Truss-Braced Wing aeroservoelastic wind-tunnel test was conducted in the NASA Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel. The primary goals of the test were to identify the open-loop flutter boundary and then demonstrate flutter suppression. A secondary goal was to demonstrate gust load alleviation. Open-loop flutter and limit cycle oscillation onset boundaries were identified for a range of Mach numbers and various angles of attack. Two sets of control laws were designed for the model, and both sets of control laws were successful in suppressing flutter. Control laws optimized for gust load alleviation were not designed; however, the flutter suppression control laws were assessed using the Transonic Dynamics Tunnnel airstream oscillation system. This paper describes the experimental apparatus, procedures, and results of the truss-braced wing wind-tunnel model test. Acquired system identification data used to generate aeroservoelastic models are also discussed. C1 [Scott, Robert C.; Bartels, Robert E.; Funk, Christie J.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, MS 340, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Allen, Timothy J.] Boeing Res & Technol, Loads & Aeroelast, 14900 Bolsa Chica Rd,MS H017-D601, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA. [Sexton, Bradley W.] Boeing Res & Technol, Navigat & Control, 325 James S McDonnell Blvd,MS S306-4030, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA. [Dykman, John R.] Boeing Res & Technol, 14900 Bolsa Chica Rd,MS H017-D601, St Louis, MO 63042 USA. [Coulson, David A.] Analyt Serv Mat Inc, NASA Langley Res Ctr, MS 340, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Scott, RC (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, MS 340, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1820 EP 1833 DI 10.2514/1.G000265 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA DU8YM UT WOS:000382502500010 ER PT J AU Aunai, N Hesse, M Lavraud, B Dargent, J Smets, R AF Aunai, N. Hesse, M. Lavraud, B. Dargent, J. Smets, R. TI Orientation of the X-line in asymmetric magnetic reconnection SO JOURNAL OF PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION; SOLAR-WIND; FIELDS; RECONSTRUCTION; MAGNETOSPHERE; PLASMAS; LAYERS AB Magnetic reconnection can occur in current sheets separating magnetic fields sheared by any angle and of arbitrarily different amplitudes. In such asymmetric and noncoplanar systems, it is not yet understood what the orientation of the X-line will be. Studying how this orientation is determined locally by the reconnection process is important to understand systems such as the Earth magnetopause, where reconnection occurs in regions with large differences in upstream plasma and field properties. This study aims at determining what the local X-line orientation is for different upstream magnetic shear angles in an asymmetric set-up relevant to the Earth's magnetopause. We use two-dimensional hybrid simulations and vary the simulation plane orientation with regard to the fixed magnetic field profile and search for the plane maximizing the reconnection rate. We find that the plane defined by the bisector of upstream fields maximizes the reconnection rate and this appears not to depend on the magnetic shear angle, domain size or upstream plasma and asymmetries. C1 [Aunai, N.; Dargent, J.; Smets, R.] Univ Paris 11, Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, Lab Phys Plasmas,CNRS,Observ Paris, Orsay, France. [Hesse, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Div, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Lavraud, B.] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, Toulouse, France. RP Aunai, N (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, Lab Phys Plasmas,CNRS,Observ Paris, Orsay, France. EM nicolas.aunai@lpp.polytechnique.fr RI NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013 OI NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214 FU ANR project MONANR [ANR-13-PDOC-0027]; [x2016047231] FX The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their comments. The numerical simulations presented in this study have been performed at IDRIS on supercomputer ADA in the project x2016047231. This work is part of the ANR project MONANR: ANR-13-PDOC-0027. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-3778 EI 1469-7807 J9 J PLASMA PHYS JI J. Plasma Phys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 82 AR 535820401 DI 10.1017/S0022377816000647 PN 4 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA DT5IQ UT WOS:000381516900001 ER PT J AU Kadler, M Krauss, F Mannheim, K Ojha, R Muller, C Schulz, R Anton, G Baumgartner, W Beuchert, T Buson, S Carpenter, B Eberl, T Edwards, PG Glawion, DE Elsasser, D Gehrels, N Grafe, C Gulyaev, S Hase, H Horiuchi, S James, CW Kappes, A Kappes, A Katz, U Kreikenbohm, A Kreter, M Kreykenbohm, I Langejahn, M Leiter, K Litzinger, E Longo, F Lovell, JEJ McEnery, J Natusch, T Phillips, C Plotz, C Quick, J Ros, E Stecker, FW Steinbring, T Stevens, J Thompson, DJ Trustedt, J Tzioumis, AK Weston, S Wilms, J Zensus, JA AF Kadler, M. Krauss, F. Mannheim, K. Ojha, R. Mueller, C. Schulz, R. Anton, G. Baumgartner, W. Beuchert, T. Buson, S. Carpenter, B. Eberl, T. Edwards, P. G. Glawion, D. Eisenacher Elsaesser, D. Gehrels, N. Graefe, C. Gulyaev, S. Hase, H. Horiuchi, S. James, C. W. Kappes, A. Kappes, A. Katz, U. Kreikenbohm, A. Kreter, M. Kreykenbohm, I. Langejahn, M. Leiter, K. Litzinger, E. Longo, F. Lovell, J. E. J. McEnery, J. Natusch, T. Phillips, C. Ploetz, C. Quick, J. Ros, E. Stecker, F. W. Steinbring, T. Stevens, J. Thompson, D. J. Truestedt, J. Tzioumis, A. K. Weston, S. Wilms, J. Zensus, J. A. TI Coincidence of a high-fluence blazar outburst with a PeV-energy neutrino event SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; EMISSION; COUNTERPARTS; 1ES-1959+650; ORIGIN; JETS AB The astrophysical sources of the extraterrestrial, very high-energy neutrinos detected by the IceCube collaboration remain to be identified. Gamma-ray (gamma-ray) blazars have been predicted to yield a cumulative neutrino signal exceeding the atmospheric background above energies of 100 TeV, assuming that both the neutrinos and the gamma-ray photons are produced by accelerated protons in relativistic jets. As the background spectrum falls steeply with increasing energy, the individual events with the clearest signature of being of extraterrestrial origin are those at petaelectronvolt energies. Inside the large positional-uncertainty fields of the first two petaelectronvolt neutrinos detected by IceCube, the integrated emission of the blazar population has a sufficiently high electromagnetic flux to explain the detected IceCube events, but fluences of individual objects are too low to make an unambiguous source association. Here, we report that a major outburst of the blazar PKS B1424-418 occurred in temporal and positional coincidence with a third petaelectronvolt-energy neutrino event (HESE-35) detected by IceCube. On the basis of an analysis of the full sample of gamma-ray blazars in the HESE-35 field, we show that the long-term average gamma-ray emission of blazars as a class is in agreement with both the measured all-sky flux of petaelectronvolt neutrinos and the spectral slope of the IceCube signal. The outburst of PKS B1424-418 provides an energy output high enough to explain the observed petaelectronvolt event, suggestive of a direct physical association. C1 [Kadler, M.; Krauss, F.; Mannheim, K.; Mueller, C.; Schulz, R.; Beuchert, T.; Glawion, D. Eisenacher; Elsaesser, D.; Graefe, C.; Kappes, A.; Kreikenbohm, A.; Kreter, M.; Langejahn, M.; Leiter, K.; Litzinger, E.; Steinbring, T.; Truestedt, J.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, Emil Fischer Str 31, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Krauss, F.; Schulz, R.; Beuchert, T.; Kreikenbohm, A.; Kreykenbohm, I.; Langejahn, M.; Leiter, K.; Litzinger, E.; Steinbring, T.; Truestedt, J.; Wilms, J.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dr Remeis Sternwarte & ECAP, Sternwartstr 7, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Ojha, R.; Baumgartner, W.; Gehrels, N.; McEnery, J.; Stecker, F. W.; Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ojha, R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Ojha, R.; Carpenter, B.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Mueller, C.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys IMAPP, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Anton, G.; Eberl, T.; James, C. W.; Kappes, A.; Katz, U.; Kreter, M.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, ECAP, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Buson, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Buson, S.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Edwards, P. G.; Phillips, C.; Stevens, J.; Tzioumis, A. K.] CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, ATNF, POB 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Gulyaev, S.; Natusch, T.; Weston, S.] Auckland Univ Technol, Inst Radio Astron & Space Res, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. [Hase, H.; Ploetz, C.] Bundesamt Kartog & Geodasie, D-93444 Bad Kotzting, Germany. [Horiuchi, S.] CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Canberra Deep Space Commun Complex, POB 1035, Tuggeranong, ACT 2901, Australia. [Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34128 Trieste, Italy. [Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Via Valerio 2, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Lovell, J. E. J.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Private Bag 37, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Quick, J.] Hartebeesthoek Radio Astron Observ, POB 443, ZA-1740 Krugersdorp, South Africa. [Ros, E.; Zensus, J. A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Ros, E.] Univ Valencia, Astron Observ, C Catedratico Jose Beltran 2, Valencia 46980, Spain. [Ros, E.] Univ Valencia, Dept Astron & Astrofis, C Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Valencia, Spain. [Stecker, F. W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Kadler, M (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, Emil Fischer Str 31, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. EM matthias.kadler@astro.uni-wuerzburg.de RI Wilms, Joern/C-8116-2013; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Anton, Gisela/C-4840-2013; James, Clancy/G-9178-2015; OI Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Anton, Gisela/0000-0003-2039-4724; James, Clancy/0000-0002-6437-6176; Krauss, Felicia/0000-0001-6191-1244; Kadler, Matthias/0000-0001-5606-6154 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [WI 1860-10/1, GRK 1147]; Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt grant [50 OR 1311/50 OR 1303/50 OR 1401]; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) [05A11WEA, 05A14WE3]; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP); Spanish MINECO [AYA2012-38491-C02-01]; Generalitat Valenciana [PROMETEOII/2014/057]; COST MP0905 action 'Black Holes in a Violent Universe'; NASA [NNH09ZDA001N, NNH10ZDA001N, NNH12ZDA001N, NNH13ZDA001N]; Commonwealth of Australia; National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS), an Australian Commonwealth Government Programme FX The authors thank B. Lott, L. Baldini, P. Bruel, S. Digel, J. Finke, D. Gasparini, N. Omodei, J. S. Perkins and A. Reimer for discussions that have significantly improved this publication. We acknowledge support and partial funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grant WI 1860-10/1 (TANAMI) and GRK 1147, Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt grant 50 OR 1311/50 OR 1303/50 OR 1401, the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) grants 05A11WEA and 05A14WE3, the Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), the Spanish MINECO project AYA2012-38491-C02-01, the Generalitat Valenciana project PROMETEOII/2014/057, the COST MP0905 action 'Black Holes in a Violent Universe' and NASA through Fermi Guest Investigator grants NNH09ZDA001N, NNH10ZDA001N, NNH12ZDA001N and NNH13ZDA001N. This study made use of data collected by the Australian Long Baseline Array (LBA) and the AuScope initiative. The LBA is part of the Australia Telescope National Facility, which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. AuScope Ltd is funded under the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS), an Australian Commonwealth Government Programme. This paper made use of data from the ALMA calibrator database: https://almascience.eso.org/alma-data/calibrator-catalogue. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. This paper also made use of up-to-date SMARTS optical/near-infrared light curves that are available at www.astro.yale.edu/smarts/glast/home.php. The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges support for LAT development, operation and data analysis from NASA and DOE (United States), CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS (France), ASI and INFN (Italy), MEXT, KEK, and JAXA (Japan), and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the National Space Board (Sweden). Science analysis support in the operations phase from INAF (Italy) and CNES (France) is also gratefully acknowledged. We thank J. E. Davis and T. Johnson for the development of the slxfig module and the SED scripts that have been used to prepare the figures in this work. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 12 IS 8 BP 807 EP 814 DI 10.1038/NPHYS3715 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DT1KA UT WOS:000381239800024 ER PT J AU Carroll, M Wooten, M DiMiceli, C Sohlberg, R Kelly, M AF Carroll, Mark Wooten, Margaret DiMiceli, Charlene Sohlberg, Robert Kelly, Maureen TI Quantifying Surface Water Dynamics at 30 Meter Spatial Resolution in the North American High Northern Latitudes 1991-2011 SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; inland water; land cover; Landsat; ABoVE ID LAKES; DATABASE AB The availability of a dense time series of satellite observations at moderate (30 m) spatial resolution is enabling unprecedented opportunities for understanding ecosystems around the world. A time series of data from Landsat was used to generate a series of three maps at decadal time step to show how surface water has changed from 1991 to 2011 in the high northern latitudes of North America. Previous attempts to characterize the change in surface water in this region have been limited in either spatial or temporal resolution, or both. This series of maps was generated for the NASA Arctic and Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), which began in fall 2015. These maps show a "nominal" extent of surface water by using multiple observations to make a single map for each time step. This increases the confidence that any detected changes are related to climate or ecosystem changes not simply caused by short duration weather events such as flood or drought. The methods and comparison to other contemporary maps of the region are presented here. Initial verification results indicate 96% producer accuracy and 54% user accuracy when compared to 2-m resolution WorldView-2 data. All water bodies that were omitted were one Landsat pixel or smaller, hence below detection limits of the instrument. C1 [Carroll, Mark; Wooten, Margaret] NASA, GSFC Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Carroll, Mark; Wooten, Margaret] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [DiMiceli, Charlene; Sohlberg, Robert; Kelly, Maureen] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Carroll, M (reprint author), NASA, GSFC Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Carroll, M (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM mark.carroll@nasa.gov; margaret.wooten@nasa.gov; cdimicel@umd.edu; sohlberg@umd.edu; mkelly17@umd.edu OI Kelly, Maureen/0000-0001-5231-8465 FU NASA [NNX15AH06G] FX The authors would like to thank the Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems office (responsible for overseeing the ABoVE project coordination) for their continuous support. We would like to thank Elizabeth Hoy who did the figure layout for Figures 1 and 3. This work was funded as a pre-ABoVE data product through the NASA Terrestrial Ecology program grant # NNX15AH06G. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. Lastly the authors would like to acknowledge the anonymous reviewers whose thoughtful comments helped to improve this manuscript. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 8 IS 8 AR 622 DI 10.3390/rs8080622 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DU8JI UT WOS:000382458700009 ER EF