FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT S
AU Forster, K
Madsen, KK
Miyasaka, H
Craig, WW
Harrison, FA
Rana, VR
Markwardt, CB
Grefenstette, BW
AF Forster, Karl
Madsen, Kristin K.
Miyasaka, Hiromasa
Craig, William W.
Harrison, Fiona A.
Rana, Vikram R.
Markwardt, Craig B.
Grefenstette, Brian W.
BE Peck, AB
Seaman, RL
Benn, CR
TI Getting NuSTAR on target: predicting mast motion
SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS VI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and
Systems VI
CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE NuSTAR; NASA small explorer; X-ray optics; extendable mast; Science
Operations; Metrology; mast thermal flexing
AB The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) is the first focusing high energy (3-79 keV) X-ray observatory operating for four years from low Earth orbit. The X-ray detector arrays are located on the spacecraft bus with the optics modules mounted on a flexible mast of 10.14m length. The motion of the telescope optical axis on the detectors during each observation is measured by a laser metrology system and matches the pre-launch predictions of the theiinal flexing of the mast as the spacecraft enters and exits the Earths shadow each orbit. However, an additional motion of the telescope field of view was discovered during observatory commissioning that is associated with the spacecraft attitude control system and an additional flexing of the mast correlated with the Solar aspect angle for the observation. We present the methodology developed to predict where any particular target coordinate will fall on the NuSTAR detectors based on the Solar aspect angle at the scheduled time of an observation. This may be applicable to future observatories that employ optics deployed on extendable masts. The automation of the prediction system has greatly improved observatory operations efficiency and the reliability of observation planning.
C1 [Forster, Karl; Madsen, Kristin K.; Miyasaka, Hiromasa; Harrison, Fiona A.; Rana, Vikram R.; Grefenstette, Brian W.] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Craig, William W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Markwardt, Craig B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Forster, K (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM krl@srl.caltech.edu; kristin@srl.caltech.edu
OI Madsen, Kristin/0000-0003-1252-4891
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0199-4; 978-1-5106-0200-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9910
AR 99100Z
DI 10.1117/12.2231239
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PO
UT WOS:000385793600032
ER
PT S
AU McGlynn, T
Fabbiano, G
Accomazzi, A
Smale, A
White, RL
Donaldson, T
Aloisi, A
Dower, T
Mazzerella, JM
Ebert, R
Pevunova, O
Imel, D
Berriman, GB
Teplitz, HI
Groom, SL
Desai, VR
Landry, W
AF McGlynn, Thomas
Fabbiano, Guiseppina
Accomazzi, Alberto
Smale, Alan
White, Richard L.
Donaldson, Thomas
Aloisi, Alessandra
Dower, Theresa
Mazzerella, Joseph M.
Ebert, Rick
Pevunova, Olga
Imel, David
Berriman, Graham B.
Teplitz, Harry I.
Groom, Steve L.
Desai, Vandana R.
Landry, Walter
BE Peck, AB
Seaman, RL
Benn, CR
TI Providing comprehensive and consistent access to astronomical
observatory archive data: the NASA archive model
SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS VI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and
Systems VI
CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Virtual observatory; data archives; standards; IVOA; NASA
AB Since the turn of the millennium a constant concern of astronomical archives have begun providing data to the public through standardized protocols unifying data from disparate physical sources and wavebands across the electromagnetic spectrum into an astronomical virtual observatory (VO). In October 2014, NASA began support for the NASA Astronomical Virtual Observatories (NAVO) program to coordinate the efforts of NASA astronomy archives in providing data to users through implementation of protocols agreed within the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA). A major goal of the NAVO collaboration has been to step back from a piecemeal implementation of IVOA standards and define what the appropriate presence for the US and NASA astronomy archives in the VO should be. This includes evaluating what optional capabilities in the standards need to be supported, the specific versions of standards that should be used, and returning feedback to the IVOA, to support modifications as needed.
We discuss a standard archive model developed by the NAVO for data archive presence in the virtual observatory built upon a consistent framework of standards defined by the IVOA. Our standard model provides for discovery of resources through the VO registries, access to observation and object data, downloads of image and spectral data and general access to archival datasets. It defines specific protocol versions, minimum capabilities, and all dependencies. The model will evolve as the capabilities of the virtual observatory and needs of the community change.
C1 [McGlynn, Thomas; Smale, Alan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Fabbiano, Guiseppina; Accomazzi, Alberto] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA.
[White, Richard L.; Donaldson, Thomas; Aloisi, Alessandra; Dower, Theresa] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Mazzerella, Joseph M.; Ebert, Rick; Pevunova, Olga; Imel, David; Berriman, Graham B.; Teplitz, Harry I.; Groom, Steve L.; Desai, Vandana R.; Landry, Walter] Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Mazzerella, Joseph M.; Ebert, Rick; Pevunova, Olga; Imel, David; Berriman, Graham B.; Teplitz, Harry I.; Groom, Steve L.; Desai, Vandana R.; Landry, Walter] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP McGlynn, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
OI Accomazzi, Alberto/0000-0002-4110-3511
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0199-4; 978-1-5106-0200-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9910
AR 99100A
DI 10.1117/12.2231438
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PO
UT WOS:000385793600009
ER
PT S
AU Storrie-Lombardi, LJ
Dodd, SR
Silbermann, NA
Rebull, LM
Laine, S
Crane, M
Stauffer, J
Armus, L
AF Storrie-Lombardi, Lisa J.
Dodd, Suzanne R.
Silbermann, Nancy A.
Rebull, L. M.
Laine, Seppo
Crane, Megan
Stauffer, John
Armus, Lee
BE Peck, AB
Seaman, RL
Benn, CR
TI Ongoing evolution of proposal reviews in the Spitzer warm mission
SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS VI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and
Systems VI
CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Spitzer Space Telescope; proposal peer review; time allocation committee
AB The Spitzer Space Telescope is executing the seventh year of extended warm mission science. The cryogenic mission operated from 2003 to 2009. The observing proposal review process has evolved from large, week-long, in-person meetings during the cryogenic mission to the introduction of panel telecon reviews in the warm mission. Further compression of the schedule and budget for the proposal solicitation and selection process led to additional changes in 2014. Large proposals are still reviewed at an in-person meeting but smaller proposals are no longer discussed by a topical science panel. This hybrid process, involving an in-person committee for the larger proposals and strictly external reviewers for the smaller proposals, has been successfully implemented through two observing cycles. While people like the idea of not having to travel to a review it is still the consensus opinion, in our discussions with the community, that the in-person review panel discussions provide the most satisfying result. We continue to use in-person reviews for awarding greater than 90% of the observing time.
C1 [Storrie-Lombardi, Lisa J.; Silbermann, Nancy A.; Rebull, L. M.; Laine, Seppo; Crane, Megan; Stauffer, John; Armus, Lee] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, MC 314-6,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Dodd, Suzanne R.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Storrie-Lombardi, LJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, MC 314-6,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM lisa@ipac.caltech.edu
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0199-4; 978-1-5106-0200-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9910
AR 991012
DI 10.1117/12.2231788
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PO
UT WOS:000385793600034
ER
PT S
AU Tran, HD
Cohen, R
Colson, A
Mader, JA
Swain, M
Laity, AC
Kong, M
Gelino, CR
Berriman, GB
AF Tran, H. D.
Cohen, R.
Colson, A.
Mader, J. A.
Swain, M.
Laity, A. C.
Kong, M.
Gelino, C. R.
Berriman, G. B.
BE Peck, AB
Seaman, RL
Benn, CR
TI Data reduction pipelines for the Keck Observatory Archive
SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS VI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and
Systems VI
CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Data archive; data reduction pipelines; DRP; KOA; W. M. Keck
Observatory; NExScI
AB The Keck Observatory Archive (KOA) currently serves similar to 42 TB of data spanning over 20 years from all ten past and current facility instruments at Keck. Although most of the available data are in the raw form, for four instruments (HIRES, NIRC2, OSIRIS, LWS), quick-look, browse products generated by automated pipelines are also offered to facilitate assessment of the scientific content and quality of the data. KOA underwrote the update of the MAKEE package to support reduction of the CCD upgrade to HIRES, developed scripts for reduction of NIRC2 data and automated the existing OSIRIS and LWS data reduction packages. We describe in some detail the recently completed automated pipeline for NIRSPEC, which will be used to create browse products in KOA and made available for quicklook of the data by the observers at the telescope. We review the currently available data reduction tools for Keck data, and present our plans and anticipated priorities for the development of automated pipelines and release of reduced data products for the rest of the current and future instruments. We also anticipate that Keck's newest instrument, NIRES, which will be delivered with a fully automated pipeline, will be the first to have both raw and level-1 data ingested at commissioning.
C1 [Tran, H. D.; Cohen, R.; Colson, A.; Mader, J. A.] WM Keck Observ, 65-1120 Mamalahoa Hwy, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA.
[Swain, M.; Laity, A. C.; Kong, M.; Gelino, C. R.; Berriman, G. B.] NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Mail Code 100-22,770 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Tran, HD (reprint author), WM Keck Observ, 65-1120 Mamalahoa Hwy, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA.
EM htran@keck.hawaii.edu
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0199-4; 978-1-5106-0200-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9910
AR 99102E
DI 10.1117/12.2230963
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PO
UT WOS:000385793600078
ER
PT S
AU Watson, AM
Lee, WH
Troja, E
Roman-Zuniga, CG
Butler, NR
Kutyrev, AS
Gehrels, NA
Angeles, F
Basa, S
Blanc, PE
Boer, M
de Diego, JA
Farah, AS
Figueroa, L
Chew, YGM
Klotz, A
Quiros, F
Reyes-Ruiz, M
Ruiz-Diaz-Soto, J
Thierry, P
Tinoco, S
AF Watson, Alan M.
Lee, William H.
Troja, Eleonora
Roman-Zuniga, Carlos G.
Butler, Nathaniel R.
Kutyrev, Alexander S.
Gehrels, Neil A.
Angeles, Fernando
Basa, Stephane
Blanc, Pierre-Eric
Boer, Michel
de Diego, Jose A.
Farah, Alejandro S.
Figueroa, Liliana
Maqueo Chew, Yilen Gomez
Klotz, Alain
Quiros, Fernando
Reyes-Ruiz, Maurico
Ruiz-Diaz-Soto, Jaime
Thierry, Pierre
Tinoco, Silvio
BE Peck, AB
Seaman, RL
Benn, CR
TI DDOTI: the deca-degree optical transient imager
SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS VI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and
Systems VI
CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE wide-field imagers; robotic telescopes; optical transients; gamma-ray
bursts; gravitational-wave transients; synoptic observations
AB DDOTI will be a wide-field robotic imager consisting of six 28-cm telescopes with prime focus CCDs mounted on a common equatorial mount. Each telescope will have a field of view of 12 deg(2), will have 2 arcsec pixels, and will reach a 10 sigma limiting magnitude in 60 seconds of r approximate to 18.7 in dark time and r approximate to 18.0 in bright time. The set of six will provide an instantaneous field of view of about 72 deg2. DDOTI uses commercial components almost entirely. The first DDOTI will be installed at the Observatorio Astronomic Nacional in Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico in early 2017. The main science goals of DDOTI are the localization of the optical transients associated with GRBs detected by the GBM instrument on the Fermi satellite and with gravitational-wave transients. DDOTI will also be used for studies of AGN and YSO variability and to determine the occurrence of hot Jupiters. The principal advantage of DDOTI compared to other similar projects is cost: a single DDOTI installation costs only about US$500,000. This makes it possible to contemplate a global network of DDOTI installations. Such geographic diversity would give earlier access and a higher localization rate. We are actively exploring this option.
C1 [Watson, Alan M.; Lee, William H.; Angeles, Fernando; de Diego, Jose A.; Farah, Alejandro S.; Maqueo Chew, Yilen Gomez; Ruiz-Diaz-Soto, Jaime; Tinoco, Silvio] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Apartado Postal 70-264, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
[Troja, Eleonora; Kutyrev, Alexander S.; Gehrels, Neil A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Troja, Eleonora] Univ Maryland, CRESST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Roman-Zuniga, Carlos G.; Figueroa, Liliana; Quiros, Fernando; Reyes-Ruiz, Maurico] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Apartado Postal 106, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico.
[Butler, Nathaniel R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Kutyrev, Alexander S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Basa, Stephane] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France.
[Blanc, Pierre-Eric] Observ Haute Provence, F-04870 St Michel lObservatoire, France.
[Boer, Michel] CNRS OCA UNS, ARTEMIS, UMR 7250, Blvd Observ CS 34229, F-06304 Nice 4, France.
[Klotz, Alain] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Observ Midi Pyrenees, CESR, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France.
[Thierry, Pierre] Observ Roudiere, 1732 Chem Cretes, F-3190 Auragne, France.
RP Watson, AM (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Apartado Postal 70-264, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
EM alan@astro.unam.mx
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0199-4; 978-1-5106-0200-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9910
AR 99100G
DI 10.1117/12.2232898
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PO
UT WOS:000385793600015
ER
PT S
AU Champion, A
Gurfinkel, A
Kahsai, T
Tinelli, C
AF Champion, Adrien
Gurfinkel, Arie
Kahsai, Temesghen
Tinelli, Cesare
BE DeNicola, R
Kuhn, E
TI CoCoSpec: A Mode-Aware Contract Language for Reactive Systems
SO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND FORMAL METHODS: 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE,
SEFM 2016
SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods
(SEFM)
CY JUL 04-08, 2016
CL Vienna, AUSTRIA
AB Contract-based software development has long been a leading methodology for the construction of component-based reactive systems, embedded systems in particular. Contracts are an effective way to establish boundaries between components and can be used efficiently to verify global properties by using compositional reasoning techniques. A contract specifies the assumptions a component makes on its context and the guarantees it provides. Requirements in the specification of a component are often case-based, with each case describing what the component should do depending on a specific situation (or mode) the component is in. We introduce CoCoSpec, a mode-aware assume-guarantee-based contract language for embedded systems built as an extension of the Lustre language. CoCoSpec lets users specify mode behavior directly, instead of encoding it as conditional guarantees, thus preventing a loss of mode-specific information. Mode-aware model checkers supporting CoCoSpec can increase the effectiveness of the compositional analysis techniques found in assume-guarantee frameworks and improve scalability. Such tools can also produce much better feedback during the verification process, as well as valuable qualitative information on the contract itself. We presents the CoCoSpec language and illustrate the benefits of mode-aware model-checking on a case study involving a flight-critical avionics system. The evaluation uses Kind 2, a collaborative, parallel, SMT-based model checker extended to fully support CoCoSpec.
C1 [Champion, Adrien; Tinelli, Cesare] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Gurfinkel, Arie] Carnegie Mellon Univ, SEI, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Kahsai, Temesghen] Carnegie Mellon Univ, NASA Ames, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RP Champion, A (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
EM adrien.champion@email.com
OI Tinelli, Cesare/0000-0002-6726-775X
NR 26
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG
PI CHAM
PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-319-41591-8; 978-3-319-41590-1
J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC
PY 2016
VL 9763
BP 347
EP 366
DI 10.1007/978-3-319-41591-8_24
PG 20
WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Logic
SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA BG0JC
UT WOS:000386263500024
ER
PT S
AU Angal, A
Brinkmann, J
Kumar, AS
Xiong, XX
AF Angal, Amit
Brinkmann, Jake
Kumar, A. Senthil
Xiong, Xiaoxiong
BE Xiong, XJ
Kuriakose, SA
Kimura, T
TI Cross-calibration of the Oceansat-2 Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) with
Terra and Aqua MODIS
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION IV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization IV
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
ID REFLECTIVE SOLAR BANDS; SURFACE
AB The Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) sensor on-board the Oceansat-2 spacecraft has been operational since its launch in September, 2009. The Oceansat 2 OCM primary design goal is to provide continuity to Oceansat-1 OCM to obtain information regarding various ocean-colour variables. OCM acquires Earth scene measurements in eight multi-spectral bands in the range from 402 to 885 nm. The MODIS sensor on the Terra and Aqua spacecraft has been successfully operating for over a decade collecting measurements of the earth's land, ocean surface and atmosphere. The MODIS spectral bands, designed for land and ocean applications, cover the spectral range from 412 to 869 nm. This study focuses on comparing the radiometric calibration stability of OCM using near-simultaneous TOA measurements with Terra and Aqua MODIS acquired over the Libya 4 target. Same-day scene-pairs from all three sensors (OCM, Terra and Aqua MODIS) between August, 2014 and September, 2015 were chosen for this analysis. On a given day, the OCM overpass is approximately an hour after the Terra overpass and an hour before the Aqua overpass. Due to the orbital differences between Terra and Aqua, MODIS images the Libya 4 site at different scan-angles on a given day. Some of the high-gain ocean bands for MODIS tend to saturate while viewing the bright Libya 4 target, but bands 8-10 (412 nm - 486 nm) provide an unsaturated response and are used for comparison with the spectrally similar OCM bands. All the standard corrections such as bidirectional reflectance factor (BRDF), relative spectral response mismatch, and impact for atmospheric water-vapor are applied to obtain the reflectance differences between OCM and the two MODIS instruments. Furthermore, OCM is used as a transfer radiometer to obtain the calibration differences between Terra and Aqua MODIS reflective solar bands.
C1 [Angal, Amit; Brinkmann, Jake] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Kumar, A. Senthil] ISRO, Indian Inst Remote Sensing, Dept Space, Kalidas Rd, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
[Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Angal, A (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0122-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9881
AR UNSP 98811Y
DI 10.1117/12.2224046
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging
Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BF9PH
UT WOS:000385792900044
ER
PT S
AU Angal, A
Xiong, XX
Wu, AS
Chen, HD
Geng, X
Link, D
Li, YH
Wald, A
Brinkmann, J
AF Angal, Amit
Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)
Wu, Aisheng
Chen, Hongda
Geng, Xu
Link, Daniel
Li, Yonghong
Wald, Andrew
Brinkmann, Jake
BE Xiong, XJ
Kuriakose, SA
Kimura, T
TI On-orbit Performance and Calibration Improvements for the Reflective
Solar Bands of Terra and Aqua MODIS
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION IV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization IV
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
AB Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is the keystone instrument for NASA's EOS Terra and Aqua missions, designed to extend and improve heritage sensor measurements and data records of the land, oceans and atmosphere. The reflective solar bands (RSB) of MODIS covering wavelengths from 0.41 mu m to 2.2 mu m, are calibrated on-orbit using a solar diffuser (SD), with its on-orbit bi-directional reflectance factor (BRF) changes tracked using a solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM). MODIS is a scanning radiometer using a two-sided paddle-wheel mirror to collect earth view (EV) data over a range of +/- 55 degrees off instrument nadir. In addition to the solar calibration provided by the SD and SDSM system, lunar observations at nearly constant phase angles are regularly scheduled to monitor the RSB calibration stability. For both Terra and Aqua MODIS, the SD and lunar observations are used together to track the on-orbit changes of RSB response versus scan angle (RVS) as the SD and SV port are viewed at different angles of incidence (AOI) on the scan mirror. The MODIS Level 1B (L1B) Collection 6 (C6) algorithm incorporated several enhancements over its predecessor Collection 5 (C5) algorithm. A notable improvement was the use of the earth-view (EV) response trends from pseudo-invariant desert targets to characterize the on-orbit RVS for select RSB (Terra bands 1-4, 8, 9 and Aqua bands 8, 9) and the time, AOI, and wavelength-dependent uncertainty. The MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST) has been maintaining and enhancing the C6 algorithm since its first update in November, 2011 for Aqua MODIS, and February, 2012 for Terra MODIS. Several calibration improvements have been incorporated that include extending the EV-based RVS approach to other RSB, additional correction for SD degradation at SWIR wavelengths, and alternative approaches for on-orbit RVS characterization. In addition to the on-orbit performance of the MODIS RSB, this paper also discusses in detail the recent calibration improvements implemented in the MODIS L1B C6.
C1 [Angal, Amit; Wu, Aisheng; Chen, Hongda; Geng, Xu; Link, Daniel; Li, Yonghong; Brinkmann, Jake] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA GSFC, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Wald, Andrew] Global Sci & Technol Inc, 7855 Walker Dr,Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
RP Angal, A (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0122-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9881
AR UNSP 98811F
DI 10.1117/12.2223912
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging
Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BF9PH
UT WOS:000385792900030
ER
PT S
AU Bender, HA
Mouroulis, P
Gross, J
Painter, T
Smith, CD
Wilson, DW
Smith, CH
Van Gorp, BE
Eastwood, ML
AF Bender, Holly A.
Mouroulis, Pantazis
Gross, Johannes
Painter, Thomas
Smith, Christopher D.
Wilson, Daniel W.
Smith, Colin H.
Van Gorp, Byron E.
Eastwood, Michael L.
BE Xiong, XJ
Kuriakose, SA
Kimura, T
TI Snow and Water Imaging Spectrometer (SWIS): development of a
CubeSat-compatible instrument
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION IV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization IV
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
DE imaging spectroscopy; Dyson spectrometer; CubeSat
ID SPECTROSCOPY; DESIGN
AB The Snow and Water Imaging Spectrometer (SWIS) is a fast, high-uniformity, low-polarization sensitivity imaging spectrometer and telescope system designed for integration on a 6U CubeSat platform. Operating in the 350-1700 nm spectral region with 5.7 nm sampling, SWIS is capable of simultaneously addressing the demanding needs of coastal ocean science and snow and ice monitoring. New key technologies that facilitate the development of this instrument include a linear variable anti-reflection (LVAR) detector coating for stray light management, and a single drive on-board calibration mechanism utilizing a transmissive diffuser for solar calibration. We provide an overview of the SWIS instrument design, spacecraft configuration design, and potential science missions.
C1 [Bender, Holly A.; Mouroulis, Pantazis; Gross, Johannes; Painter, Thomas; Wilson, Daniel W.; Smith, Colin H.; Van Gorp, Byron E.; Eastwood, Michael L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Smith, Christopher D.] Sierra Lobo Inc, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Bender, HA (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 306-392, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM holly.a.bender@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0122-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9881
AR UNSP 98810V
DI 10.1117/12.2228211
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging
Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BF9PH
UT WOS:000385792900015
ER
PT S
AU Bhatt, R
Angal, A
Dolling, DR
Xiong, XX
Wu, AS
Haney, CO
Scarino, BR
Gopalan, A
AF Bhatt, Rajendra
Angal, Amit
Doelling, David R.
Xiong, Xiaoxiong
Wu, Aisheng
Haney, Conor O.
Scarino, Benjamin R.
Gopalan, Arun
BE Xiong, XJ
Kuriakose, SA
Kimura, T
TI Response versus scan-angle corrections for MODIS reflective solar bands
using deep convective clouds
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION IV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization IV
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
DE MODIS; RVS; mirror response; DCC
ID CALIBRATION; STABILITY
AB The absolute radiometric calibration of the reflective solar bands (RSBs) of Aqua-and Terra-MODIS is performed using on-board calibrators. A solar diffuser (SD) panel along with a solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM) system, which tracks the degradation of the SD over time, provides the baseline for calibrating the MODIS sensors. MODIS also views the moon and deep space through its space view (SV) port for lunar-based calibration and computing the background, respectively. The MODIS instrument views the Earth's surface using a two-sided scan mirror, whose reflectance is a function of the angle of incidence (AOI) and is described by response versus scan-angle (RVS). The RVS for both MODIS instruments was characterized prior to launch. MODIS also views the SD and the moon at two different AOIs. There is sufficient evidence that the RVS is changing on orbit over time and as a function of wavelength. The SD and lunar observation scans can only track the RVS variation at two AOIs. Consequently, the MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST) developed enhanced approaches that supplement the onboard calibrator measurements with responses from the pseudo-invariant desert sites. This approach has been implemented in Level 1B (L1B) Collection 6 (C6) for select short-wavelength bands. This paper presents an alternative approach of characterizing the mirror RVS to derive the time-dependent RVS correction factors for MODIS RSBs using tropical deep convective cloud (DCC) targets. An initial assessment of the DCC response from Aqua-MODIS band 1 C6 data indicates evidence of RVS artifacts, which are not uniform across the scans and are more prevalent at the beginning of the earth-view scan.
C1 [Bhatt, Rajendra; Angal, Amit; Wu, Aisheng; Haney, Conor O.; Scarino, Benjamin R.; Gopalan, Arun] SSAI, One Enterprise Pkwy Ste 200, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Doelling, David R.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,MS 618, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Bhatt, R (reprint author), SSAI, One Enterprise Pkwy Ste 200, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
EM rajendra.bhatt@nasa.gov
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0122-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9881
AR UNSP 98811L
DI 10.1117/12.2223809
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging
Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BF9PH
UT WOS:000385792900035
ER
PT S
AU Chen, H
Sun, C
Chen, X
Chiang, K
Xiong, X
AF Chen, H.
Sun, C.
Chen, X.
Chiang, K.
Xiong, X.
BE Xiong, XJ
Kuriakose, SA
Kimura, T
TI On-orbit Calibration and Performance of S-NPP VIIRS DNB
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION IV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization IV
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
DE VIIRS; Day-Night Band; DNB; S-NPP; Calibration; VCST
AB The S-NPP VIIRS instrument has successfully operated since its launch in October 2011. The VIIRS Day-Night Band (DNB) is a panchromatic channel covering wavelengths from 0.5 to 0.9. m that is capable of observing Earth scenes during both day and nighttime orbits at a spatial resolution of 750 m. To cover the large dynamic range, the DNB operates at low, mid, or high gain stages, and it uses an onboard solar diffuser (SD) for its low gain stage calibration. The SD observations also provide a means to compute gain ratios of low-to-mid and mid-to-high gain stages. This paper describes the DNB on-orbit calibration methodologies used by the VIIRS Characterization Support Team (VCST) in supporting the NASA earth science community with consistent VIIRS sensor data records (SDRs) made available by the Land Science Investigator-led Processing Systems (SIPS). It provides an assessment and update of DNB on-orbit performance, including the SD degradation in the DNB spectral range, detector gain and gain ratio trending, stray light contamination and its correction. Also presented in this paper are performance validations based on earth scenes and lunar observations.
C1 [Chen, H.; Chen, X.; Chiang, K.] Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Sun, C.] Global Sci Technol Inc, 7855 Walker Dr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
[Xiong, X.] NASA, Sci Syst & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Chen, H (reprint author), Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0122-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9881
AR UNSP 98812B
DI 10.1117/12.2225105
PG 12
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging
Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BF9PH
UT WOS:000385792900050
ER
PT S
AU Doubleday, JR
AF Doubleday, Joshua R.
BE Xiong, XJ
Kuriakose, SA
Kimura, T
TI 3 Petabytes or Bust - Planning Science Observations for NISAR
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION IV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization IV
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
DE observation scheduling planning modeling
AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) have formed a joint agency mission, NASA ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) to fly in the 2020 timeframe, charged with collecting Synthetic Aperture Radar data over nearly all of earth's land and ice, to advance science in ecosystems, solid-earth and cryospheric disciplines with global time-series maps of various phenomenon. Over a three-year mission span, NISAR will collect on the order of 24 Terabits of raw radar data per day.
Developing a plan to collect the data necessary for these three primary science disciplines and their sub-disciplines has been challenging in terms of overlapping geographic regions of interest, temporal requirements, competing modes of the radar instrument, and data-volume resources. One of the chief tools in building a plan of observations against these requirements has been a software tool developed at JPL, the Compressed Large-scale Scheduler Planner (CLASP).
CLASP intersects the temporo-geometric visibilities of a spaceborne instrument with campaigns of temporospatial maps of scientific interest, in an iterative squeaky-wheel optimization loop. While the overarching strategy for science observations has evolved through the formulation phases of this mission, so has the use of CLASP.
We'll show how this problem space and tool has evolved over time, as well as some of the current parameter estimates for NISAR and its overall mission plan.
C1 [Doubleday, Joshua R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Doubleday, JR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0122-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9881
AR UNSP 988105
DI 10.1117/12.2223893
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging
Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BF9PH
UT WOS:000385792900003
ER
PT S
AU Hoffman, JP
Shaffer, S
Perkovic-Martin, D
AF Hoffman, James P.
Shaffer, Scott
Perkovic-Martin, Dragana
BE Xiong, XJ
Kuriakose, SA
Kimura, T
TI NASA L-SAR Instrument for the NISAR (NASA-ISRO) Synthetic Aperture Radar
Mission
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION IV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization IV
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
DE Radar; beamforming; SAR; NISAR; SweepSAR; L-SAR
AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the United States and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) have partnered to develop an Earth-orbiting science and applications mission that exploits synthetic aperture radar to map Earth's surface every 12 days or less. To meet demanding coverage, sampling, and accuracy requirements, the system was designed to achieve over 240 km swath at fine resolution, and using full polarimetry where needed. To address the broad range of disciplines and scientific study areas of the mission, a dual-frequency system was conceived, at L-band (24 cm wavelength) and S-band (10 cm wavelength). To achieve these observational characteristics, a reflector-feed system is considered, whereby the feed aperture elements are individually sampled to allow a scan-on-receive ("SweepSAR") capability at both L-band and S-band. The instrument leverages the expanding capabilities of on-board digital processing to enable real-time calibration and digital beamforming. This paper describes the mission characteristics, current status of the L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (L-SAR) portion of the instrument, and the technology development efforts in the United States that are reducing risk on the key radar technologies needed to ensure proper SweepSAR operations.
C1 [Hoffman, James P.; Shaffer, Scott; Perkovic-Martin, Dragana] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Hoffman, JP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM james.p.hoffman@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0122-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9881
AR UNSP 988108
DI 10.1117/12.2228489
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging
Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BF9PH
UT WOS:000385792900005
ER
PT S
AU Kumar, R
Rosen, P
Misra, T
AF Kumar, Raj
Rosen, Paul
Misra, Tapan
BE Xiong, XJ
Kuriakose, SA
Kimura, T
TI NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar: Science & Applications
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION IV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization IV
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
DE SAR; NISAR; SweepSAR
ID FOREST BIOMASS; SAR DATA; RETRIEVAL; TROPICS; IMAGES
AB NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR), a novel SAR concept will be utilized to image wide swath at high resolution of stripmap SAR. It will have observations in L- and S-bands to understand highly spatial and temporally complex processes such as ecosystem disturbances, ice sheet changes, and natural hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, and landslides. NISAR with several advanced features such as 12 days interferometric orbit, achievement of high resolution and wide swath images through SweepSAR technology and simultaneous data acquisition in dual frequency would support a host of applications. The primary objectives of NISAR are to monitor ecosystems including monitoring changes in ecosystem structure and biomass estimation, carbon flux monitoring; mangroves and wetlands characterization; alpine forest characterization and delineation of tree-line ecotone, land surface deformation including measurement of deformation due to co-seismic and inter-seismic activities; landslides; land subsidence and volcanic deformation, cryosphere studies including measurements of dynamics of polar ice sheet, ice discharge to the ocean, Himalayan snow and glacier dynamics, deep and coastal ocean studies including retrieval of ocean parameters, mapping of coastal erosion and shore-line change; demarcation of high tide line (HTL) and low tide line (LTL) for coastal regulation zones (CRZ) mapping, geological studies including mapping of structural and lithological features; lineaments and paleo-channels; geo-morphological mapping, natural disaster response including mapping and monitoring of floods, forest fires, oil spills, earthquake damage and monitoring of extreme weather events such as cyclones. In addition to the above, NISAR would support various other applications such as enhanced crop monitoring, soil moisture estimation, urban area development, weather and hydrological forecasting.
C1 [Kumar, Raj; Misra, Tapan] Ctr Space Applicat, Ahmadabad 380015, Gujarat, India.
[Rosen, Paul] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Kumar, R (reprint author), Ctr Space Applicat, Ahmadabad 380015, Gujarat, India.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0122-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9881
AR UNSP 988103
DI 10.1117/12.2228027
PG 11
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging
Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BF9PH
UT WOS:000385792900001
ER
PT S
AU Lebair, W
Rollins, C
Kline, J
Todirita, M
Kronenwetter, J
AF Lebair, William
Rollins, C.
Kline, John
Todirita, M.
Kronenwetter, J.
BE Xiong, XJ
Kuriakose, SA
Kimura, T
TI Post Launch Calibration and Testing of the Advanced Baseline Imager on
the GOES-R Satellite
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION IV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization IV
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
DE Advanced Baseline Imager; GOES-R; Calibration; Post Launch Testing
AB The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R (GOES-R) series is the planned next generation of operational weather satellites for the United State's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The first launch of the GOES-R series is planned for October 2016. The GOES-R series satellites and instruments are being developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). One of the key instruments on the GOES-R series is the Advance Baseline Imager (ABI). The ABI is a multi-channel, visible through infrared, passive imaging radiometer. The ABI will provide moderate spatial and spectral resolution at high temporal and radiometric resolution to accurately monitor rapidly changing weather.
Initial on-orbit calibration and performance characterization is crucial to establishing baseline used to maintain performance throughout mission life. A series of tests has been planned to establish the post launch performance and establish the parameters needed to process the data in the Ground Processing Algorithm. The large number of detectors for each channel required to provide the needed temporal coverage presents unique challenges for accurately calibrating ABI and minimizing striping.
This paper discusses the planned tests to be performed on ABI over the six-month Post Launch Test period and the expected performance as it relates to ground tests.
C1 [Lebair, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 910, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Rollins, C.; Kline, John] Res Support Instruments Inc, 4325b Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Todirita, M.] NOAA, NESDIS GOES R Flight Project, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kronenwetter, J.] Chesapeake Aerosp, POB 567, Grasonville, MD 21638 USA.
RP Lebair, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 910, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0122-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9881
AR UNSP 98810K
DI 10.1117/12.2228556
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging
Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BF9PH
UT WOS:000385792900009
ER
PT S
AU Link, D
Wang, ZP
Xiong, XX
AF Link, Dan
Wang, Zhipeng
Xiong, Xiaoxiong
BE Xiong, XJ
Kuriakose, SA
Kimura, T
TI Status of MODIS Spatial and Spectral Characterization and Performance
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION IV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization IV
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
DE MODIS; calibration; spatial; spectral; SRCA; BBR; MTF;
center-wavelength; bandwidth
ID ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION; REFLECTIVE SOLAR BANDS; INSTRUMENT
AB Since launch, both Terra and Aqua MODIS instruments have continued to operate and make measurements of the earth's top of atmospheric (TOA) radiances and reflectance. MODIS collects data in 36 spectral bands covering wavelengths from 0.41 to 14.4 mu m. These spectral bands and detectors are located on four focal plane assemblies (FPAs). MODIS on-board calibrators (OBC) include a spectro-radiometric calibration assembly (SRCA), which was designed to characterize and monitor sensor spatial and spectral performance, such as on-orbit changes in the band-to-band registration (BBR), modulation transfer function (MTF), spectral band center wavelengths (CW) and bandwidths (BW). In this paper, we provide a status update of MODIS spatial and spectral characterization and performance, following a brief description of SRCA functions and on-orbit calibration activities. Sensor spatial and spectral performance parameters derived from SRCA measurements are introduced and discussed. Results show that on-orbit spatial performance has been very stable for both Terra and Aqua MODIS instruments. The large BBR shifts in Aqua MODIS, an issue identified pre-launch, have remained the same over its entire mission. On-orbit changes in CW and BW are less than 0.5 nm and 1 nm, respectively, for most VIS/NIR spectral bands of both instruments.
C1 [Link, Dan; Wang, Zhipeng] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA GSFC, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Link, D (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0122-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9881
AR UNSP 98811G
DI 10.1117/12.2224307
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging
Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BF9PH
UT WOS:000385792900031
ER
PT S
AU Madhavan, S
Wu, AS
Chen, N
Xiong, XX
AF Madhavan, Sriharsha
Wu, Aisheng
Chen, Na
Xiong, Xiaoxiong
BE Xiong, XJ
Kuriakose, SA
Kimura, T
TI MODIS On-Orbit Thermal Emissive Bands Lifetime Performance
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION IV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization IV
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
DE MODIS; Terra; Aqua; Thermal Emissive bands; Blackbody; Calibration
ID CALIBRATION; TERRA
AB MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), a leading heritage sensor in the fleet of Earth Observing System for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is in space orbit on two spacecrafts. They are the Terra (T) and Aqua (A) platforms. Both instruments have successfully continued to operate beyond the 6 year design life time, with the T-MODIS currently functional beyond 15 years and the A-MODIS operating beyond 13 years respectively. The MODIS sensor characteristics include a spectral coverage from 0.41 mu m - 14.4 mu m, of which wavelengths ranging from 3.7 mu m - 14. 4 mu m cover the thermal infrared region also referred to as the Thermal Emissive Bands (TEBs). The TEBs is calibrated using a v-grooved BlackBody (BB) whose temperature measurements are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology temperature scales. The TEBs calibration based on the onboard BB is extremely important for its high radiometric fidelity. In this paper, we provide a complete characterization of the lifetime instrument performance of both MODIS instruments in terms of the sensor gain, the Noise Equivalent difference Temperature, key instrument telemetry such as the BB lifetime trends, the instrument temperature trends, the Cold Focal Plane telemetry and finally, the total assessed calibration uncertainty of the TEBs.
C1 [Madhavan, Sriharsha; Wu, Aisheng; Chen, Na] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Madhavan, S (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0122-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9881
AR UNSP 98811X
DI 10.1117/12.2222310
PG 11
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging
Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BF9PH
UT WOS:000385792900043
ER
PT S
AU Oudrari, H
McIntire, J
Xiong, XX
Butler, J
Ji, Q
Schwarting, T
Zeng, JA
AF Oudrari, Hassan
McIntire, Jeff
Xiong, Xiaoxiong
Butler, James
Ji, Qiang
Schwarting, Tom
Zeng, Jinan
BE Xiong, XJ
Kuriakose, SA
Kimura, T
TI JPSS-1 VIIRS Pre-Launch Radiometric Performance
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION IV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization IV
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
DE JPSS; VIIRS; Radiometric; Reflective; Emissive; Calibration; Performance
ID CALIBRATION; NPP
AB The first Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS-1 or J1) mission is scheduled to launch in January 2017, and will be very similar to the Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) mission. The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the J1 spacecraft completed its sensor level performance testing in December 2014. VIIRS instrument is expected to provide valuable information about the Earth environment and properties on a daily basis, using a wide-swath (3,040 km) cross-track scanning radiometer. The design covers the wavelength spectrum from reflective to long-wave infrared through 22 spectral bands, from 0.412 mu m to 12.01 mu m, and has spatial resolutions of 370 m and 740 m at nadir for imaging and moderate bands, respectively. This paper will provide an overview of pre-launch J1 VIIRS performance testing and methodologies, describing the at-launch baseline radiometric performance as well as the metrics needed to calibrate the instrument once on orbit. Key sensor performance metrics include the sensor signal to noise ratios (SNRs), dynamic range, reflective and emissive bands calibration performance, polarization sensitivity, bands spectral performance, response-vs-scan (RVS), near field response, and stray light rejection. A set of performance metrics generated during the pre-launch testing program will be compared to the sensor requirements and to SNPP VIIRS pre-launch performance.
C1 [Oudrari, Hassan; McIntire, Jeff; Ji, Qiang; Schwarting, Tom] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Butler, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Zeng, Jinan] Fibertek Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA.
RP Oudrari, H (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0122-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9881
AR UNSP 98810J
DI 10.1117/12.2223188
PG 16
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging
Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BF9PH
UT WOS:000385792900008
ER
PT S
AU Souza, AID
Robinson, E
Masterjohn, S
Ely, P
Khalap, V
Babu, S
Smith, DS
AF Souza, A. I. D'
Robinson, E.
Masterjohn, S.
Ely, P.
Khalap, V.
Babu, S.
Smith, D. S.
BE Xiong, XJ
Kuriakose, SA
Kimura, T
TI Detectors and Focal Plane Modules for Weather Satellites
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION IV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization IV
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INFRARED PHOTODIODES; DEVICE PERFORMANCE; HGCDTE
MATERIAL
AB Weather satellite instruments require detectors with a variety of wavelengths ranging from the visible to VLWIR. One of the remote sensing applications is the geostationary GOES-ABI imager covering wavelengths from the 450 to 490 nm band through the 13.0 to 13.6 mu m band. There are a total of 16 spectral bands covered. The Cross-track infrared Sounder (CrIS) is a Polar Orbiting interferometric sensor that measures earth radiances at high spectral resolution, using the data to provide pressure, temperature and moisture profiles of the atmosphere. The pressure, temperature and moisture sounding data are used in weather prediction models that track storms, predict levels of precipitation etc. The CrIS instrument contains SWIR (lambda(c) similar to 5 mu m at 98K), MWIR (lambda(c) similar to 9 mu m at 98K) and LWIRs (lambda(c) similar to 15.5 mu m at 81K) bands in three Focal Plane Array Assemblies (FPAAs).
GOES-ABI contains three focal plane modules (FPMs), (i) a visible-near infrared module consisting of three visible and three near infrared channels, (ii) a MWIR module comprised of five channels from 3.9 mu m to 8.6 mu m and (iii) a 9.6 mu m to 13.3 mu m, five-channel LWIR module. The VNIR FPM operates at 205 K, and the MWIR and LWIR FPMs operate at 60 K. Each spectral channel has a redundant array built into a single detector chip. Switching is thus permitted from the primary selected array in each channel to the redundant array, given any degradation in performance of the primary array during the course of the mission. Silicon p-i-n detectors are used for the 0.47 mu m to 0.86 mu m channels. The thirteen channels above 1 mu m are fabricated in various compositions of Hg1-xCdxTe, and in this particular case using two different detector architectures. The 1.38 mu m to 9.61 mu m channels are all fabricated in Hg1-xCdxTe grown by Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) using the HDVIP detector architecture. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown Hg1-xCdxTe material are used for the LWIR 10.35 mu m to 13.3 mu m channels fabricated in Double layer planar heterostructure (DLPH) detectors. This is the same architecture used for the CrIS detectors
CrIS detectors are 850 mu m diameter detectors with each FPAA consisting of nine photovoltaic detectors arranged in a 3 x 3 pattern. Each detector has an accompanying cold preamplifier. SWIR and MWIR FPAAs operate at 98 K and the LWIR FPAA at 81 K, permitting the use of passive radiators to cool the detectors. D* requirements at peak wavelength are >= 5.0E+10 Jones for LWIR, >= 9.3E+10 Jones for MWIR and >= 3.0E+11 Jones for SWIR. All FPAAs exceeded the D* requirements. Measured mean values for the nine photodiodes in each of the LWIR, MWIR and SWIR FPAAs are D* = 5.3 x 10(10) cm-Hz(1/2)/W at 14.0 mu m, 1.0 x 10(11) cm-Hz(1/2)/W at 8.0 mu m and 3.1 x 10(11) cm-Hz(1/2)/W at 4.64 mu m.
C1 [Souza, A. I. D'; Robinson, E.; Masterjohn, S.; Ely, P.; Khalap, V.] DRS Sensors & Targeting Syst, 10600 Valley View St, Cypress, CA 90630 USA.
[Babu, S.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Smith, D. S.] Harris Semicond Inc, 1919 W Cook Rd, Ft Wayne, IN 46818 USA.
RP Souza, AID (reprint author), DRS Sensors & Targeting Syst, 10600 Valley View St, Cypress, CA 90630 USA.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0122-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9881
AR UNSP 988115
DI 10.1117/12.2228898
PG 15
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging
Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BF9PH
UT WOS:000385792900023
ER
PT S
AU Tadikonda, SSK
Merrow, CS
Kronenwetter, JA
Comeyne, GJ
Flanagan, DG
Todirita, M
AF Tadikonda, Sivakumara S. K.
Merrow, Cynthia S.
Kronenwetter, Jeffrey A.
Comeyne, Gustave J.
Flanagan, Daniel G.
Todirita, Monica
BE Xiong, XJ
Kuriakose, SA
Kimura, T
TI Post-Launch Calibration and Testing of Space Weather Instruments on
GOES-R Satellite
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION IV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization IV
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
DE GOES; Space Weather; On-orbit Calibration; EXIS; SEISS; SUVI
AB The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite - R (GOES-R) is the first of a series of satellites to be launched, with the first launch scheduled for October 2016. The three instruments - Solar UltraViolet Imager (SUVI), Extreme ultraviolet and X-ray Irradiance Sensor (EXIS), and Space Environment In-Situ Suite (SEISS) provide the data needed as inputs for the product updates National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides to the public. SUVI is a full-disk extreme ultraviolet imager enabling Active Region characterization, filament eruption, and flare detection. EXIS provides inputs to solar backgrounds/events impacting climate models. SEISS provides particle measurements over a wide energy-and-flux range that varies by several orders of magnitude and these data enable updates to spacecraft charge models for electrostatic discharge. EXIS and SEISS have been tested and calibrated end-to-end in ground test facilities around the United States. Due to the complexity of the SUVI design, data from component tests were used in a model to predict on-orbit performance. The ground tests and model updates provided inputs for designing the on-orbit calibration tests. A series of such tests have been planned for the Post-Launch Testing (PLT) of each of these instruments, and specific parameters have been identified that will be updated in the Ground Processing Algorithms, on-orbit parameter tables, or both. Some of SUVI and EXIS calibrations require slewing them off the Sun, while no such maneuvers are needed for SEISS. After a six-month PLT period the GOES-R is expected to be operational. The calibration details are presented in this paper.
C1 [Tadikonda, Sivakumara S. K.] Constellation Software Engn Corp, 4640 Forbes Blvd,Suite 201, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Merrow, Cynthia S.] Stellar Solut Inc, 250 Cambridge Ave,Suite 204, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA.
[Kronenwetter, Jeffrey A.] Chesapeake Aerosp LLC, POB 436, Grasonville, MD 21638 USA.
[Comeyne, Gustave J.; Flanagan, Daniel G.; Todirita, Monica] NOAA, NASA, GSFC, Code 417-0,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Tadikonda, SSK (reprint author), Constellation Software Engn Corp, 4640 Forbes Blvd,Suite 201, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0122-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9881
AR UNSP 98810L
DI 10.1117/12.2228535
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging
Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BF9PH
UT WOS:000385792900010
ER
PT S
AU Xiong, XX
Angal, A
Butler, J
Cao, CY
Doelling, D
Wu, AS
Wu, XQ
AF Xiong, Xiaoxiong
Angal, Amit
Butler, James
Cao, Changyong
Doelling, David
Wu, Aisheng
Wu, Xiangqian
BE Xiong, XJ
Kuriakose, SA
Kimura, T
TI Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System Reflective Solar Calibration
Reference: From Aqua MODIS to S-NPP VIIRS
SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND
CHARACTERIZATION IV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development,
Implementation, and Characterization IV
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
DE VIIRS; MODIS; calibration reference; calibration inter-comparison
ID ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; PERFORMANCE; BANDS;
SATELLITE
AB The MODIS has successfully operated on-board the NASA's EOS Terra and Aqua spacecraft for more than 16 and 14 years, respectively. MODIS instrument was designed with stringent calibration requirements and comprehensive on-board calibration capability. In the reflective solar spectral region, Aqua MODIS has performed better than Terra MODIS and, therefore, has been chosen by the Global Space-based Inter'-Calibration System (GSICS) operational community as the calibration reference sensor in cross-sensor calibration and calibration inter-comparisons. For the same reason, it has also been used by a number of earth-observing sensors as their calibration reference. Considering that Aqua MODIS has already operated for nearly 14 years, it is essential to transfer its calibration to a follow-on reference sensor with a similar calibration capability and stable performance. The VIIRS is a follow-on instrument to MODIS and has many similar design features as MODIS, including their on-board calibrators (OBC). As a result, VIIRS is an ideal candidate to replace MODIS to serve as the future GSICS reference sensor. Since launch, the S-NPP VIIRS has already operated for more than 4 years and its overall performance has been extensively characterized and demonstrated to meet its overall design requirements. This paper provides an overview of Aqua MODIS and S-NPP VIIRS reflective solar bands (RSB) calibration methodologies and strategies, traceability, and their on-orbit performance. It describes and illustrates different methods and approaches that can be used to facilitate the calibration reference transfer, including the use of desert and Antarctic sites, deep convective clouds (DCC), and the lunar observations.
C1 [Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Butler, James] NASA GSFC, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Angal, Amit; Wu, Aisheng] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Cao, Changyong; Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Doelling, David] NASA LaRC, Climate Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Xiong, XX (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010
OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650;
NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0122-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9881
AR UNSP 98811D
DI 10.1117/12.2224320
PG 12
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging
Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BF9PH
UT WOS:000385792900029
ER
PT S
AU Bit-Monnot, A
Smith, DE
Do, M
AF Bit-Monnot, Arthur
Smith, David E.
Minh Do
BE Kaminka, GA
Fox, M
Bouquet, P
Hullermeier, E
Dignum, V
Dignum, F
VanHarmelen, F
TI Delete-ree Reachability Analysis for Temporal and Hierarchical Planning
SO ECAI 2016: 22ND EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
SE Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 22nd European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI)
CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2016
CL Hague, NETHERLANDS
SP European Assoc Artificial Intelligence, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Taylor & Francis Grp, Essence ITN Network, Vrije Univ Amsterdam
AB Reachability analysis is a crucial part of the heuristic computation for many state of the art classical and temporal planners. In this paper, we study the difficulty that arises in assessing the reachability of actions in planning problems containing sets of interdependent actions, notably including problems with required concurrency as well as hierarchical planning problems. We show the limitation of state-of-the-art techniques and propose a new method suitable for both temporal and hierarchical planning problems. Our proposal is evaluated on FAPE, a constraint-based temporal planner.
C1 [Bit-Monnot, Arthur] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, LAAS, Toulouse, France.
[Smith, David E.; Minh Do] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Bit-Monnot, A (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, CNRS, LAAS, Toulouse, France.
EM arthur.bit-monnot@laas.fr; david.smith@nasa.gov; minh.do@nasa.gov
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOS PRESS
PI AMSTERDAM
PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0922-6389
BN 978-1-61499-672-9; 978-1-61499-671-2
J9 FRONT ARTIF INTEL AP
PY 2016
VL 285
BP 1698
EP 1699
DI 10.3233/978-1-61499-672-9-1698
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
SC Computer Science
GA BF9PP
UT WOS:000385793700253
ER
PT S
AU Travinsky, A
Vorobiev, D
Raisanen, AD
Pellish, J
Ninkov, Z
Robberto, M
Heap, S
AF Travinsky, Anton
Vorobiev, Dmitry
Raisanen, Alan D.
Pellish, Jonathan
Ninkov, Zoran
Robberto, Massimo
Heap, Sara
BE Douglass, MR
King, PS
Lee, BL
TI The effects of heavy ion radiation on digital micromirror device
performance
SO EMERGING DIGITAL MICROMIRROR DEVICE BASED SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Emerging Digital Micromirror Device Based Systems and
Applications VIII
CY FEB 15-17, 2016
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE, DLP Texas Instruments
DE DMD; digital micro-mirror device; digital micro-mirror array; MOS;
multiple-object spectroscopy; heavy-ion radiation; GESE
AB There is a need for a space-suitable solution to the selection of targets to be observed in astronomical multiobject spectrometers (MOS). A few digital micromirror device (DMD)- based prototype MOS have been developed for use at ground observatories, However their main use will come in deploying a space based mission. The question of DMD performance under in-orbit radiation remains unanswered. DMDs were tested under accelerated heavy-ion radiation (with the control electronics shielded from radiation), with a focus on detection of single-event effects (SEEs) including latch-up events. Testing showed that DMDs are sensitive to non-destructive ion-induced state changes; however, all SEEs were cleared with a soft reset (that is, sending a new pattern to the device). The DMDs did not experience single-event induced permanent damage or functional changes that required a hard reset (power cycle), even at high ion fluences. This suggests that the SSE rate burden will be manageable for a DMD-based instrument when exposed to solar particle fluxes and cosmic rays on orbit.
C1 [Travinsky, Anton; Vorobiev, Dmitry; Ninkov, Zoran] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
[Raisanen, Alan D.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Mfg & Mech Engn Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
[Pellish, Jonathan; Heap, Sara] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Robberto, Massimo] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Travinsky, A (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
EM at4395@rit.edu
NR 20
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-62841-996-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9761
AR 976108
DI 10.1117/12.2213634
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BF6RI
UT WOS:000383611000002
ER
PT S
AU Stoltzfus, J
Gallus, TD
AF Stoltzfus, Joel
Gallus, Timothy D.
BE Davis, SE
Steinberg, TA
TI A Method for Autogenous Ignition Temperature Determination of Metal
Through Induction Heating
SO FLAMMABILITY AND SENSITIVITY OF MATERIALS IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED
ATMOSPHERES: 14TH VOL
SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical
Publications
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th Symposium on Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in
Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres
CY APR 13-15, 2016
CL San Antonio, TX
SP ASTM Int Comm G04 Compatibil & Sensitiv Mat Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
DE titanium autogenous ignition temperature; induction heating; pyrometer;
oxygen concentration effects
AB To assist in the failure analysis of a rocket thruster, the ignition temperature in oxygen-enriched atmospheres of titanium and titanium alloys was investigated. The open literature indicated melting temperatures in the range of 1,660 degrees C (3,020 degrees F) and ignition temperatures ranging from 250 to 1,627 degrees C (482 to 2,961 degrees F) for titanium powder and solid titanium, respectively. Vertically mounted test samples of varying diameters were ignited by induction heating in 66 % oxygen (O-2)/balance nitrogen (N-2) and in 99.5 + % O-2 at 1,000 psia. Ignition was measured by either a platinum/platinum-rhodium (Type S) thermocouple comprised of 0.05-mm (0.002 in.) and 0.076-mm (0.003 in.) diameter wires welded to the samples or by a two-color pyrometer. The ignition temperatures in 66 % 02 and 99.5 + % 02, with various surface treatments and configurations, ranged from 1,623 to 1,659 degrees C (2,953 to 3,018 degrees F). The lack of an effect on ignition temperature as a function of oxygen concentration suggests that the ignition process is controlled by subsurface rather than surface-related processes. One unexpected result was that although sample nitriding did not change the autogenous ignition temperature (AIT), it did change the rate of combustion after ignition.
C1 [Stoltzfus, Joel] NASA, Mat & Components Labs Off, Johnson Space Ctr, White Sands Test Facil, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA.
[Gallus, Timothy D.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, White Sands Test Facil, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA.
RP Stoltzfus, J (reprint author), NASA, Mat & Components Labs Off, Johnson Space Ctr, White Sands Test Facil, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA.
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL
PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 0066-0558
BN 978-0-8031-7637-9
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 2016
VL 1596
BP 15
EP 36
DI 10.1520/STP159620150076
PG 22
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science,
Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA BF9TS
UT WOS:000385898100002
ER
PT S
AU Juarez, A
Harper, SA
AF Juarez, Alfredo
Harper, Susana A.
BE Davis, SE
Steinberg, TA
TI Improved ASTM G72 Test Method for Ensuring Adequate Fuel-to-Oxidizer
Ratios
SO FLAMMABILITY AND SENSITIVITY OF MATERIALS IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED
ATMOSPHERES: 14TH VOL
SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical
Publications
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th Symposium on Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in
Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres
CY APR 13-15, 2016
CL San Antonio, TX
SP ASTM Int Comm G04 Compatibil & Sensitiv Mat Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
DE autogenous ignition temperature (AIT); gaseous oxygen; liquid solvents;
non-ignition; volatility; fuel-to-oxidizer ratio
AB ASTM G72/G72M-15, Standard Test Method for Autogenous Ignition Temperature of Liquids and Solids in a High-Pressure Oxygen-Enriched Environment, is currently used to evaluate materials for ignition susceptibility driven by exposure to external heat in an enriched oxygen environment. Testing performed on highly volatile liquids such as cleaning solvents has proven problematic due to inconsistent test results (nonignitions). Nonignition results can be misinterpreted as favorable oxygen compatibility, although they are more likely associated with inadequate fuel-to-oxidizer ratios. Forced evaporation during purging and inadequate sample size were identified as two potential causes for inadequate available sample material during testing. In an effort to maintain adequate fuel to-oxidizer ratios within the reaction vessel during a test, several parameters were considered, including sample size, pretest sample chilling, pretest purging, and test pressure. Tests on a variety of solvents exhibiting a range of volatilities are presented in this paper. A proposed improvement to the standard test protocol as a result of this evaluation is also presented. Execution of the final proposed improved test protocol outlines an incremental step method of determining optimal conditions using increased sample sizes while considering test system safety limits. The proposed improved test method increases confidence in results obtained by utilizing the ASTM G72 autogenous ignition temperature test method and can aid in the oxygen compatibility assessment of highly volatile liquids and other conditions that may lead to false nonignition results.
C1 [Juarez, Alfredo] White Sands Test Facil, Jacobs Engn, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA.
[Harper, Susana A.] NASA, White Sands Test Facil RF111, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA.
RP Juarez, A (reprint author), White Sands Test Facil, Jacobs Engn, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL
PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 0066-0558
BN 978-0-8031-7637-9
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 2016
VL 1596
BP 49
EP 61
DI 10.1520/STP159620750080
PG 13
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science,
Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA BF9TS
UT WOS:000385898100004
ER
PT S
AU Lowrey, NM
Mitchell, MA
AF Lowrey, Nikki M.
Mitchell, Mark A.
BE Davis, SE
Steinberg, TA
TI Results of the Test Program for Replacement of AK-225G Solvent for
Cleaning NASA Propulsion Oxygen Systems
SO FLAMMABILITY AND SENSITIVITY OF MATERIALS IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED
ATMOSPHERES: 14TH VOL
SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical
Publications
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th Symposium on Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in
Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres
CY APR 13-15, 2016
CL San Antonio, TX
SP ASTM Int Comm G04 Compatibil & Sensitiv Mat Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
DE solvent; oxygen cleaning; ozone depletion; HCFC-225; cleanliness
verification; nonvolatile residue
AB Since the 1990s, when the Class I ozone-substance chlorofluorocarbon-113 was banned, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) propulsion test facilities at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and Stennis Space Center (SSC) have relied upon the solvent Asahiklin AK-225 (hydrochlorofluorocarbon-225ca/cb or HCFC-225ca/cb) and, more recently AK-225G (the single isomer form, HCFC-225cb) to safely clean and verify the cleanliness of large-scale propulsion oxygen systems. Effective January 1, 2015, the production, import, export, and new use of Class II ozone-depleting substances, including AK-225G, was prohibited in the United States by the Clean Air Act. In 2012 through 2014, NASA test labs at MSFC, SSC, and Johnson Space Center's White Sands Test Facility collaborated to seek out, test, and qualify a solvent replacement for AK-225G that is both an effective cleaner and safe for use with oxygen systems. This paper summarizes the tests performed, the results, and the lessons learned.
C1 [Lowrey, Nikki M.] Jacobs Technol Inc, Jacobs ESSSA Grp, 1500 Perimeter Pkwy, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA.
[Mitchell, Mark A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Lowrey, NM (reprint author), Jacobs Technol Inc, Jacobs ESSSA Grp, 1500 Perimeter Pkwy, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA.
NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL
PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 0066-0558
BN 978-0-8031-7637-9
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 2016
VL 1596
BP 76
EP 108
DI 10.1520/STP159620150060
PG 33
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science,
Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA BF9TS
UT WOS:000385898100006
ER
PT S
AU Ross, HR
Gentz, SJ
AF Ross, H. R.
Gentz, S. J.
BE Davis, SE
Steinberg, TA
TI NASA Independent Assessment of Ambient Pressure Liquid Oxygen (LOX)
Impact Testing of Halogenated Solvents
SO FLAMMABILITY AND SENSITIVITY OF MATERIALS IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED
ATMOSPHERES: 14TH VOL
SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical
Publications
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th Symposium on Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in
Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres
CY APR 13-15, 2016
CL San Antonio, TX
SP ASTM Int Comm G04 Compatibil & Sensitiv Mat Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
DE liquid oxygen (LOX) mechanical impact; repeatability; halogenated
solvents; edge reaction; rebound impacts; ignition
AB The liquid oxygen (LOX) reactivity results using the ambient pressure LOX mechanical impact test did not yield reproducible results for halogenated (precision cleaning) solvents tested at the Johnson Space Center (JSC), the White Sands Test Facility (WSTF), and at the Marshall Space Flight Center-Materials Combustion Research Facility (MCRF-MSFC) to replace the precision cleaning solvent, HCFC 225 (AK225). The ambient pressure LOX impact testing is established in the ASTM G86-98 test method and is specified by Test 13A in NASA STD 6001(B). In this test method, a known amount of energy is transferred from a free falling plummet to a striker pin resting directly on the test specimen immersed in LOX. The WSTF impact tester produced higher reactivity rates at lower energy levels for the same tests performed at MSFC. This indicates factors other than total input energy to the sample influence the materials reactivity in LOX. Penetration (calibrated) drop tests were performed at WSTF and MSFC. The penetration drop tests provide a simple and reliable method for verifying impact energy, but this method does not provide a measurement of other factors that may contribute to the material's sensitivity to impact reactions. This paper discusses the interaction of factors that are not clearly addressed in the ASTM G86-98 test method and that should be an important focus of attention. Many variables were examined, including percent of relative humidity during sample preparation, the use of the plummet (rebound) catcher, variability of sample preparation at each facility, and impact testing with and without the insert disks. These and other variables attribute to the wide differences in reactivity. More standardization and controls in the test protocol, along with further testing and improvements, are recommended. It is hoped that the insight and observations of the NASA independent assessment (IA) team will provide useful support and discussions for improving the standard test method that is used for ambient pressure LOX impact testing.
C1 [Ross, H. R.] NASA, Res JV A2, SSC, Gas & Mat Sci, Bldg 81000, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
[Gentz, S. J.] NASA, Engn & Safety Ctr NESC, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Ross, HR (reprint author), NASA, Res JV A2, SSC, Gas & Mat Sci, Bldg 81000, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL
PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 0066-0558
BN 978-0-8031-7637-9
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 2016
VL 1596
BP 109
EP 136
DI 10.1520/STP159620150072
PG 28
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science,
Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA BF9TS
UT WOS:000385898100007
ER
PT S
AU Harper, SA
Juarez, A
Peralta, SF
Stoltzfus, J
Arpin, CP
Beeson, HD
AF Harper, Susana A.
Juarez, Alfredo
Peralta, Stephen F.
Stoltzfus, Joel
Arpin, Christina Pina
Beeson, Harold D.
BE Davis, SE
Steinberg, TA
TI An Improved Approach for Analyzing the Oxygen Compatibility of Solvents
and Other Oxygen-Flammable Materials for Use in Oxygen Systems
SO FLAMMABILITY AND SENSITIVITY OF MATERIALS IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED
ATMOSPHERES: 14TH VOL
SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical
Publications
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th Symposium on Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in
Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres
CY APR 13-15, 2016
CL San Antonio, TX
SP ASTM Int Comm G04 Compatibil & Sensitiv Mat Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
DE materials selection; oxygen compatibility; oxygen flammability; solvent;
cleaning solvent; gaseous oxygen; ASTM G86; ASTM G72; ASTM G63; ASTM
D240
AB Solvents used to clean oxygen system components must be assessed for oxygen compatibility because incompatible residue or fluid inadvertently left behind within an oxygen system can pose a flammability risk. The most recent approach focused on solvent ignition susceptibility to assess the flammability risk associated with these materials. Previous evaluations included ambient pressure liquid oxygen (LOX) mechanical impact testing (ASTM G86) and autogenous ignition temperature (AIT) testing (ASTM G72). The goal in this approach was to identify a solvent material that was not flammable in oxygen. As environmental policies restrict the available options of acceptable solvents, it has proven difficult to identify one that is not flammable in oxygen. A more rigorous oxygen compatibility approach is needed in an effort to select a new solvent for NASA applications. NASA's White Sands Test Facility proposed an approach that acknowledges oxygen flammability yet selects solvent materials based on their relative oxygen compatibility ranking, similar to that described in ASTM G63-99. Solvents are selected based on their ranking with respect to minimal ignition susceptibility, damage, and propagation potential, as well as their relative ranking when compared with other solvent materials that are successfully used in oxygen systems. Based on these comparisons, in which solvents exhibited properties within those ranges seen with proven oxygen system materials, it is believed that Solstice PF, L-14780, and Vertrel MCA would perform well with respect to oxygen compatibility.
C1 [Harper, Susana A.; Peralta, Stephen F.; Stoltzfus, Joel; Arpin, Christina Pina; Beeson, Harold D.] NASA, Mat & Component Labs Off, White Sands Test Facil, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA.
[Juarez, Alfredo] NASA, Jacobs Technol, White Sands Test Facil, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA.
RP Harper, SA (reprint author), NASA, Mat & Component Labs Off, White Sands Test Facil, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL
PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 0066-0558
BN 978-0-8031-7637-9
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 2016
VL 1596
BP 137
EP 151
DI 10.1520/STP159620150087
PG 15
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science,
Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA BF9TS
UT WOS:000385898100008
ER
PT S
AU Tylka, JM
Gallus, TD
AF Tylka, Jonathan M.
Gallus, Timothy D.
BE Davis, SE
Steinberg, TA
TI Auto Ignition Temperature Test Chamber Fire Investigation
SO FLAMMABILITY AND SENSITIVITY OF MATERIALS IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED
ATMOSPHERES: 14TH VOL
SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical
Publications
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th Symposium on Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in
Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres
CY APR 13-15, 2016
CL San Antonio, TX
SP ASTM Int Comm G04 Compatibil & Sensitiv Mat Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
DE G72/G72M-09; autogenous ignition temperature; failure analysis; fire
investigation
AB During routine auto ignition temperature (AIT) testing of a solvent at the NASA White Sands Test Facility (WSTF), a fire breached the test system. The sample being tested was 99 % dodecane (C12). It was exposed to a test atmosphere of 15.7 MPa gas, meeting aviator's breathing oxygen (ABO) specifications (>= 99.5 % O-2). During testing, a metal fire occurred, resulting in multiple breaches of the test system. During the event, the chamber pressure transducer mechanically burst, indicating a pressure increase of at least 159 MPa/s. This fire represented the first AIT system breach in 30 years of testing at WSTF. An investigation was undertaken to determine the cause of the breach and to propose countermeasures to prevent future mishaps. A proposed ignition scenario is presented along with an approach for preventing future incidents.
C1 [Tylka, Jonathan M.; Gallus, Timothy D.] NASA, White Sands Test Facil, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA.
RP Tylka, JM (reprint author), NASA, White Sands Test Facil, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL
PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 0066-0558
BN 978-0-8031-7637-9
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 2016
VL 1596
BP 234
EP 245
DI 10.1520/STP159620150075
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science,
Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA BF9TS
UT WOS:000385898100012
ER
PT S
AU Juarez, A
Harper, SA
Perez, H
AF Juarez, Alfredo
Harper, Susana A.
Perez, Horacio
BE Davis, SE
Steinberg, TA
TI Evaluation of Containment Boxes as a Fire Mitigation Method in Elevated
Oxygen Conditions
SO FLAMMABILITY AND SENSITIVITY OF MATERIALS IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED
ATMOSPHERES: 14TH VOL
SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical
Publications
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th Symposium on Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in
Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres
CY APR 13-15, 2016
CL San Antonio, TX
SP ASTM Int Comm G04 Compatibil & Sensitiv Mat Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
DE avionics box; configuration flammability; gaseous oxygen; liquid
solvents; volatility
AB NASA performed testing to evaluate the efficacy of fire containment boxes without forced ventilation. Configurational flammability testing was performed on a simulation avionics box replicating critical design features and filled with materials possessing representative flammability characteristics. This paper discusses the box's ability, under simulated end-use conditions, to inhibit the propagation of combustion to surrounding materials. Analysis was also performed to evaluate the potential for the fire containment box to serve as an overheat/ignition source to temperature sensitive equipment (such as items with lithium-ion batteries). Unrealistically severe combustion scenarios were used as a means to better understand the fire containment mechanism. These scenarios were achieved by utilizing materials/fuels not typically used in space vehicles due to flammability concerns. Oxygen depletion, during combustion within the fire containment boxes, drove self-extinguishment and proved an effective method of fire containment.
C1 [Juarez, Alfredo] White Sands Test Facil, Jacobs Engn, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA.
[Harper, Susana A.] White Sands Test Facil RF111, NASA, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA.
[Perez, Horacio] Johnson Space Ctr, Lockheed Martin, Mat & Proc, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Juarez, A (reprint author), White Sands Test Facil, Jacobs Engn, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL
PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 0066-0558
BN 978-0-8031-7637-9
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 2016
VL 1596
BP 363
EP 373
DI 10.1520/STP159620150079
PG 11
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science,
Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA BF9TS
UT WOS:000385898100020
ER
PT S
AU Harper, SA
Juarez, A
Perez, H
Hirsch, DB
Beeson, HD
AF Harper, Susana A.
Juarez, Alfredo
Perez, Horacio, III
Hirsch, David B.
Beeson, Harold D.
BE Davis, SE
Steinberg, TA
TI Oxygen Partial Pressure and Oxygen Concentration Flammability: Can They
Be Correlated?
SO FLAMMABILITY AND SENSITIVITY OF MATERIALS IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED
ATMOSPHERES: 14TH VOL
SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical
Publications
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th Symposium on Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in
Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres
CY APR 13-15, 2016
CL San Antonio, TX
SP ASTM Int Comm G04 Compatibil & Sensitiv Mat Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
DE partial pressure; gaseous oxygen; maximum oxygen concentration (MOC);
normoxic; flammability; elevated oxygen; enriched oxygen; NASA Standard
6001 Test 1; propagation rate
AB NASA possesses a large quantity of flammability data performed in International Space Station (ISS) airlock (30 % Oxygen 526 mmHg) and ISS cabin (24.1 % Oxygen 760 mmHg) conditions. As new programs develop, other oxygen and pressure conditions emerge. In an effort to apply existing data, the question arises: Do equivalent oxygen partial pressures perform similarly with respect to flammability? This paper evaluates how material flammability performance is impacted from both the maximum oxygen concentration (MOC) and maximum total pressures (MTP) perspectives. From these studies, oxygen partial pressures can be compared for both the MOC and MTP methods to determine the role of partial pressure in material flammability. This evaluation also assesses the influence of other variables on flammability performance. The findings presented in this paper suggest flammability is more dependent on oxygen concentration than equivalent partial pressure.
C1 [Harper, Susana A.; Beeson, Harold D.] NASA White Sands Test Facil, Mat & Component Testing Labs Off, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA.
[Juarez, Alfredo; Hirsch, David B.] NASA White Sands Test Facil, NASA Test & Evaluat Contract, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA.
[Perez, Horacio, III] Lockheed Martin, 2625 Bay Area Blvd,800, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Harper, SA (reprint author), NASA White Sands Test Facil, Mat & Component Testing Labs Off, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL
PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 0066-0558
BN 978-0-8031-7637-9
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 2016
VL 1596
BP 413
EP 427
DI 10.1520/STP159620150081
PG 15
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science,
Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA BF9TS
UT WOS:000385898100024
ER
PT S
AU Galante, JM
Van Eepoel, J
D'Souza, C
Patrick, B
AF Galante, Joseph M.
Van Eepoel, John
D'Souza, Chris
Patrick, Bryan
BE Chart, DA
TI FAST KALMAN FILTERING FOR RELATIVE SPACECRAFT POSITION AND ATTITUDE
ESTIMATION FOR THE RAVEN ISS HOSTED PAYLOAD
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
ID REPRESENTATIONS
AB The Raven ISS Hosted Payload will feature several pose measurement sensors on a pan/tilt gimbal which will be used to autonomously track resupply vehicles as they approach and depart the International Space Station. This paper discusses the derivation of a Relative Navigation Filter (RNF) to fuse measurements from the different pose measurement sensors to produce relative position and attitude estimates. The RNF relies on relative translation and orientation kinematics and careful pose sensor modeling to eliminate dependence on orbital position information and associated orbital dynamics models. The filter state is augmented with sensor biases to provide a mechanism for the filter to estimate and mitigate the offset between the measurements from different pose sensors.
C1 [Galante, Joseph M.; Van Eepoel, John] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Attitude Control & Estimat Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[D'Souza, Chris] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, GN&C Autonomous Flight Syst Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Patrick, Bryan] Emergent Space Technol, 6411 Ivy Lane, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
RP Galante, JM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Attitude Control & Estimat Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM joseph.m.galante@nasa.gov; john.m.vaneepoel@nasa.gov;
chris.dsouza-1@nasa.gov; bryan.a.patrick@nasa.gov
NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 179
EP 196
PG 18
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100016
ER
PT S
AU Hunter, DJ
Schatzel, DF
Tang, A
Fadler, S
Egitto, FD
Schwartz-Bowling, A
Driver, N
AF Hunter, Don J.
Schatzel, Don F.
Tang, Adrian
Fadler, Steve
Egitto, Frank D.
Schwartz-Bowling, Amanda
Driver, Neal
BE Chart, DA
TI CONCEIVE, BELIEVE AND ACHIEVE; A PATH TO MINIATURIZATION, COTS INFUSION,
AND SIZE WEIGHT AND POWER REALIZATION FOR FLIGHT
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB JPL along with other aerospace agencies such as the US Air Force Space Programs [A] and a packaging technology innovator, i3 Electronics, Inc., are evaluating the use of state-of-the-art (SOA) commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) and alternative packaging technologies for future high performance and high reliability space applications. Utilization of SOA COTS technologies have resulted in large scale reduction in electronics volume, weight, power, cost and schedule with outstanding electrical performance and high reliability. We will share JPL's joint design, architectural approach, alternative substrate materials selection, associated processes, and mission assurance role in identifying reliability and qualification risks, as part of the three year Heterogeneous Packaging/Device Integration effort under the guidance and leadership of JPL's Mission Assurance Directorate [B].
C1 [Hunter, Don J.] Jet Prop Lab, Adv Packaging Engn, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Schatzel, Don F.] Jet Prop Lab, Instrument Detectors & Camera Syst, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Tang, Adrian] Jet Prop Lab, RF Adv Technol, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Fadler, Steve] I3 Elect Inc, 1701 North St, Endicott, NY 13760 USA.
[Egitto, Frank D.; Schwartz-Bowling, Amanda] I3 Elect Inc, Res & Dev, 1701 North St, Endicott, NY 13760 USA.
[Driver, Neal] I3 Elect Inc, Mil & High End Comp, 1701 North St, Endicott, NY 13760 USA.
RP Hunter, DJ (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Adv Packaging Engn, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 261
EP 272
PG 12
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100022
ER
PT S
AU Burton, R
Weston, S
Agasid, E
AF Burton, Roland
Weston, Sasha
Agasid, Elwood
BE Chart, DA
TI STATE OF THE ART IN GUIDANCE NAVIGATION AND CONTROL: A SURVEY OF SMALL
SATELLITE GNC COMPONENTS
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
ID SPACECRAFT
AB This paper provides a summary of current state of the art components and technologies that are used for Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) of small spacecraft. The current state of the art for small spacecraft GNC performance is 1.5m onboard orbital position accuracy using GPS and pointing to better than 0.1 degrees using a combination of reaction wheels, MEMS gyros and a star tracker. Component technology for Earth orbiting missions is mature and all key GNC components are available at TRL 9 from a variety of vendors. Components for deep space small spacecraft missions are relatively immature but are expected to reach high TRL within the next two to three years. Innovation in GNC is focused on miniaturization of existing technology and the development of single vendor integrated attitude determination and control units.
This paper is based on the GNC chapter of the NASA Small Spacecraft Technology State of the Art report.
C1 [Burton, Roland] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Millennium Engn Serv, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Burton, Roland] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Integrat Serv, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Weston, Sasha] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Agasid, Elwood] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Burton, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Millennium Engn Serv, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; Burton, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Integrat Serv, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 273
EP 282
PG 10
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100023
ER
PT S
AU Klesh, AT
Wolf, A
AF Klesh, Andrew T.
Wolf, Aron
BE Chart, DA
TI NO LONGER TUMBLING: GNC CAPABILITIES OF TODAY'S CUBESATS
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB Over the last 15 years, NanoSpacecraft have grown remarkably in capability while early technical demonstrations utilized passive magnetic control, or tumbled freely, today's CubeSats are able to maintain 3-axis stabilization, point precisely, and even perform propulsive maneuvers. In this paper a brief discussion of current attitude determination and control capabilities is provided, as well as the possibilities for small spacecraft to maneuver. One mission taking advantage of these capabilities is MarCO (Mars Cube One), which will independently cruise to Mars in support of the InSight mission. Here we provide some description of the mission as they relate to GNC.
C1 [Klesh, Andrew T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mission Formulat & Syst Engn, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Wolf, Aron] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance & Control, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Klesh, AT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mission Formulat & Syst Engn, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 49
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 283
EP 293
PG 11
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100024
ER
PT S
AU Yang-Scharlotta, JY
Guertin, SM
AF Yang-Scharlotta, Jean Y.
Guertin, Steven M.
BE Chart, DA
TI RECENT ADVANCES IN COMMERCIAL MEMORIES AND POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION TO
GN&C MINIATURIZATION
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB The last few years have seen a surge in technology, device, and architecture introductions in commercial memories such as DRAM and NAND driven by the explosion of handheld and portable electronics. Some of the resultant devices provide high density in very small and light packages, which may be possible to leverage for the miniaturization of future GN&C systems in addition to providing considerable memory capacity to enable advanced capabilities such as image-based navigation or adaptive/autonomous operations. We will show that these advanced DRAM and NAND technologies are worth serious consideration for the next generation of GN&C needs by highlighting reliability and radiation effects results from some of these devices.
C1 [Yang-Scharlotta, Jean Y.; Guertin, Steven M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Component Engn & Assurance, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Yang-Scharlotta, JY (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Component Engn & Assurance, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 303
EP 313
PG 11
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100026
ER
PT S
AU Bauer, F
Miller, J
Oria, AJ
Parker, J
AF Bauer, Frank
Miller, James
Oria, A. J.
Parker, Joel
BE Chart, DA
TI ACHIEVING GNSS COMPATIBILITY AND INTEROPERABILITY TO SUPPORT SPACE USERS
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB The development of the Global Positioning System (GPS), and other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) such as the Russian GLONASS, the European Galileo, and China's BeiDou, is resulting in new capabilities available for Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) in orbit. This paper reviews on-going efforts to implement U.S. PNT policy and engage international partners in the pursuit of compatibility and interoperability among these systems. One of the objectives is to develop a multi-GNSS Space Service Volume (SSV) to support space users between Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and GeoSynchronous Orbit (GEO), and eventually also into Cislunar space. Key international engagements include bilateral discussions, such as those that led to the 2004 U.S.-European Union Agreement on GPS-Galileo Cooperation, and also on-going multilateral discussions at venues such the United Nations International Committee on GNSS (ICG) and GNSS Provider's Forum. Benefits to space users will include improved capabilities for on-board autonomous PNT and better resilience to potential disruptions to the signals broadcast by any one of these GNSS constellations.
C1 [Bauer, Frank] FBauer Aerosp Consulting Serv, 1804 Hopefield Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA.
[Miller, James] NASA HQ, SCaN, Policy & Strateg Commun, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
[Oria, A. J.] Overlook Syst Technol Inc, 1950 Old Gallows Rd,Suite 400, Vienna, VA 22182 USA.
[Parker, Joel] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 595,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Bauer, F (reprint author), FBauer Aerosp Consulting Serv, 1804 Hopefield Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 317
EP 328
PG 12
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100027
ER
PT S
AU Parker, JJK
Valdez, JE
Bauer, FH
Moreau, MC
AF Parker, Joel J. K.
Valdez, Jennifer E.
Bauer, Frank H.
Moreau, Michael C.
BE Chart, DA
TI USE AND PROTECTION OF GPS SIDELOBE SIGNALS FOR ENHANCED NAVIGATION
PERFORMANCE IN HIGH EARTH ORBIT
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB The application of the Global Positioning System (GPS) for navigation of spacecraft in High and Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (HEO/GEO) has crossed a threshold and is now being employed in operational missions. Utilizing advanced GPS receivers optimized for these missions, space users have made extensive use of the sidelobe transmissions from the GPS satellites to realize navigation performance that far exceeds that predicted by pre-launch simulations. Unfortunately, the official specification for the GPS Space Service Volume (SSV), developed in 2006, assumes that only signals emanating from the main beam of the GPS transmit antenna are useful for navigation, which greatly under-estimates the number of signals available for navigation purposes. As a result, future high-altitude space users may be vulnerable to any GPS design changes that suppress the sidelobe transmissions, beginning with Block HE space vehicles (SVs) 11-32. This paper presents proposed changes to the GPS system SSV requirements, as informed by data from recent experiments in the SSV and new mission applications that are enabled by GPS navigation in HEO/GEO regimes. The NASA/NOAA GOES-R series satellites are highlighted as an example of a mission that relies on this currently-unspecified GPS system performance to meet mission requirements.
C1 [Parker, Joel J. K.; Moreau, Michael C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 595,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Valdez, Jennifer E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 596,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Bauer, Frank H.] FBauer Aerosp Consulting Serv, 1804 Hopefield Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA.
RP Parker, JJK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 595,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 329
EP 341
PG 13
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100028
ER
PT S
AU Winternitz, LB
Bamford, WA
Price, SR
Carpenter, JR
Long, AC
Farahmand, M
AF Winternitz, Luke B.
Bamford, William A.
Price, Samuel R.
Carpenter, J. Russell
Long, Anne C.
Farahmand, Mitra
BE Chart, DA
TI GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM NAVIGATION ABOVE 76,000 KM FOR NASA'S
MAGNETOSPHERIC MULTISCALE MISSION
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, launched in March of 2015, consists of a controlled formation of four spin-stabilized spacecraft in similar highly elliptic orbits reaching apogee at radial distances of 12 and 25 Earth radii (RE) in the first and second phases of the mission. Navigation for MMS is achieved independently on-board each spacecraft by processing Global Positioning System (GPS) observables using NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)'s Navigator GPS receiver and the Goddard Enhanced Onboard Navigation System (GEONS) extended Kalman filter software. To our knowledge, MMS constitutes, by far, the highest-altitude operational use of GPS to date and represents a high point of over a decade of high-altitude GPS navigation research and development at GSFC. In this paper we will briefly describe past and ongoing high-altitude GPS research efforts at NASA GSFC and elsewhere, provide details on the design of the MMS GPS navigation system, and present on-orbit performance data from the first phase. We extrapolate these results to predict performance in the second phase orbit, and conclude with a discussion of the implications of the MMS results for future high-altitude GPS navigation, which we believe to be broad and far-reaching.
C1 [Winternitz, Luke B.; Price, Samuel R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Components & Hardware Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Bamford, William A.] Emergent Space Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Carpenter, J. Russell] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Nav & Mission Design Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Long, Anne C.; Farahmand, Mitra] Ai Solut Inc, 4500 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
RP Winternitz, LB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Components & Hardware Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 32
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 379
EP 392
PG 14
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100032
ER
PT S
AU Jackman, CD
Nelson, DS
Owen, WM
Buie, MW
Stern, SA
Weaver, HA
Young, LA
Ennico, K
Olkin, CB
AF Jackman, Coralie D.
Nelson, Derek S.
Owen, William M., Jr.
Buie, Marc W.
Stern, S. Alan
Weaver, Harold A.
Young, Leslie A.
Ennico, Kimberly
Olkin, Catherine B.
BE Chart, DA
TI NEW HORIZONS OPTICAL NAVIGATION ON APPROACH TO PLUTO
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
ID IMAGER
AB The navigation of the New Horizons spacecraft on approach to Pluto has required an extensive set of data products, including those derived from optical observation. Due to the relatively large a priori uncertainties of the spacecraft ephemeris with respect to the Pluto system, optical navigation has played a critical role in decreasing the body-relative errors and enabling a successful flyby. Key functions of the New Horizons optical navigation process include extensive image planning and processing, stellar and planetary modeling, attitude determination, and star and planetary body centroiding. This paper presents how these functions enabled the successful navigation of New Horizons' flyby of the Pluto system.
C1 [Jackman, Coralie D.; Nelson, Derek S.] KinetX Inc, Space Nav & Flight Dynam Practice, 123 W Easy St, Simi Valley, CA 93065 USA.
[Owen, William M., Jr.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Buie, Marc W.; Stern, S. Alan; Young, Leslie A.; Olkin, Catherine B.] Southwest Res Inst, 1050 Walnut St,Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
[Weaver, Harold A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Ennico, Kimberly] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Jackman, CD (reprint author), KinetX Inc, Space Nav & Flight Dynam Practice, 123 W Easy St, Simi Valley, CA 93065 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 463
EP 474
PG 12
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100037
ER
PT S
AU Wright, CA
Van Eepoel, J
Liounis, A
Shoemaker, M
DeWeese, K
Getzandanner, K
AF Wright, Cinnamon A.
Van Eepoel, John
Liounis, Andrew
Shoemaker, Michael
DeWeese, Keith
Getzandanner, Kenneth
BE Chart, DA
TI RELATIVE TERRAIN IMAGING NAVIGATION (RETINA) TOOL FOR THE ASTEROID
REDIRECT ROBOTIC MISSION (ARRM)
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB As a part of the NASA initiative to collect a boulder off of an asteroid and return it to Lunar orbit, the Satellite Servicing Capabilities Office (SSCO) and NASA GSFC are developing an on-board relative terrain imaging navigation algorithm for the Asteroid Redirect Robotic Mission (ARRM). After performing several flybys and dry runs to verify and refine the shape, spin, and gravity models and obtain centimeter level imagery, the spacecraft will descend to the surface of the asteroid to capture a boulder and return it to Lunar Orbit. The algorithm implements Stereophotoclinometry methods to register landmarks with images taken onboard the spacecraft, and use these measurements to estimate the position and orientation of the spacecraft with respect to the asteroid. This paper will present an overview of the ARRM GN&C system and concept of operations as well as a description of the algorithm and its implementation. These techniques will be demonstrated for the descent to the surface of the proposed asteroid of interest, 2008 EV5, and preliminary results will be shown.
C1 [Wright, Cinnamon A.; Liounis, Andrew; Getzandanner, Kenneth] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Nav & Mission Design Branch, Code 595, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Van Eepoel, John; DeWeese, Keith] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Attitude Control Syst Engn Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Shoemaker, Michael] Ai Solut Inc, 10001 Derekwood Lane,Suite 215, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
RP Wright, CA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Nav & Mission Design Branch, Code 595, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 475
EP 487
PG 13
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100038
ER
PT S
AU Antreasian, PG
Moreau, M
Jackman, C
Williams, K
Page, B
Leonard, JM
AF Antreasian, P. G.
Moreau, M.
Jackman, C.
Williams, K.
Page, B.
Leonard, J. M.
BE Chart, DA
TI OSIRIS-REX ORBIT DETERMINATION COVARIANCE STUDIES AT BENNU
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB The Origins Spectral Interpretation Resource Identification Security Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission is a NASA New Frontiers mission launching in 2016 to rendezvous with the small, Earth-crossing asteroid (101955) Bennu in late 2018, ultimately returning a sample of regolith to Earth. Approximately three months before the encounter with Bennu, the asteroid becomes detectable in the narrow field PolyCam imager. The spacecraft's rendezvous with Bennu begins with a series of four Asteroid Approach Maneuvers, slowing the spacecraft's speed relative to Bennu beginning two and a half months prior to closest approach, ultimately delivering the spacecraft to a point 18 km from Bennu in Nov, 2018. An extensive campaign of proximity operations activities to characterize the properties of Bennu and select a suitable sample site will follow. This paper will discuss the challenges of navigating near a small 500-m diameter asteroid. The navigation at close proximity is dependent on the accurate mathematical model or digital terrain map of the asteroid's shape. Predictions of the spacecraft state are very sensitive to spacecraft small forces, solar radiation pressure, and mis-modeling of Bennu's gravity field. Uncertainties in the physical parameters of the central body Bennu create additional challenges. The navigation errors are discussed and their impact on science planning will be presented.
C1 [Antreasian, P. G.; Jackman, C.; Williams, K.; Page, B.; Leonard, J. M.] KinetX Inc, Space Nav & Flight Dynam Practice, 21 W Easy St,Suite 108, Simi Valley, CA 93065 USA.
[Moreau, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 595,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Antreasian, PG (reprint author), KinetX Inc, Space Nav & Flight Dynam Practice, 21 W Easy St,Suite 108, Simi Valley, CA 93065 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 591
EP 605
PG 15
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100047
ER
PT S
AU Getzandanner, K
Rowlands, D
Mazarico, E
Antreasian, P
Jackman, C
Moreau, M
AF Getzandanner, Kenneth
Rowlands, David
Mazarico, Erwan
Antreasian, Peter
Jackman, Coralie
Moreau, Michael
BE Chart, DA
TI AN INDEPENDENT ORBIT DETERMINATION SIMULATION FOR THE OSIRIS-REX
ASTEROID SAMPLE RETURN MISSION
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB After arriving at the near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu in late 2018, the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft will execute a series of observation campaigns and orbit phases to accurately characterize Bennu and ultimately collect a sample of pristine regolith from it's surface. While in the vicinity of Bennu, the OSIRIS-REx navigation team will rely on a combination of ground-based radiometric tracking data and optical navigation (OpNav) images to generate and deliver precision orbit determination products. Long before arrival at Bennu, the navigation team is performing multiple orbit determination simulations and thread tests to verify navigation performance and ensure interfaces between multiple software suites function properly. In this paper, we summarize the results of an independent orbit determination simulation of the Orbit B phase of the mission performed to test the interface between the OpNav image processing and orbit determination software packages.
C1 [Getzandanner, Kenneth; Moreau, Michael] NASA, GSFC, Code 595,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Rowlands, David; Mazarico, Erwan] NASA, GSFC, Code 698,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Antreasian, Peter; Jackman, Coralie] KinetX Space Flight Dynam Practice, 21 West Easy St, Simi Valley, CA 93065 USA.
RP Getzandanner, K (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, Code 595,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 629
EP 642
PG 14
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100049
ER
PT S
AU Hesar, SG
Scheeres, DJ
McMahon, JW
Takahashi, Y
AF Hesar, Siamak G.
Scheeres, Daniel J.
McMahon, Jay W.
Takahashi, Yu
BE Chart, DA
TI SURFACE PROXIMITY GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ANALYSIS OF THE ASTEROID 433 EROS
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
ID POLYHEDRON
AB Regular spherical harmonics representation of the gravitational field of an object is not accurate within a circumscribing sphere of the body of mass, called the Brillouin sphere. This is a major issue in modeling the gravitational field of asteroids and comets with significant non-spherical shapes, as certain regions in the close proximity of the surface of such objects fall well within the Brillouin sphere. We implement a so called "interior" spherical harmonics expansion to model the surface proximity gravitational field of the asteroid 433 Eros. This model is shown to be able to accurately represent the gravitational field of an object in the close proximity of its surface. However, estimating the coefficients of such model is challenging. This work studies the feasibility of estimating the coefficients of an interior gravity field via orbit determination. The paper presents the expected level of the estimation precision and characterizes the effect of the size of the field radius on the estimation performance.
C1 [Hesar, Siamak G.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Scheeres, Daniel J.; McMahon, Jay W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Takahashi, Yu] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Takahashi, Yu] Jet Prop Lab, Mission Design & Nav Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Hesar, SG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 643
EP 654
PG 12
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100050
ER
PT S
AU Reeves, DM
Mazanek, DD
Cichy, BD
Broschart, SB
DeWeese, KD
AF Reeves, David M.
Mazanek, Daniel D.
Cichy, Ben D.
Broschart, Stephen B.
DeWeese, Keith D.
BE Chart, DA
TI ASTEROID REDIRECT MISSION PROXIMITY OPERATIONS FOR REFERENCE TARGET
ASTEROID 2008 EV5
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
ID SPACECRAFT; TRACTOR
AB NASA's Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM) is composed of two segments, the Asteroid Redirect Robotic Mission (ARRM), and the Asteroid Redirect Crewed Mission (ARCM). In March of 2015, NASA selected the Robotic Boulder Capture Option(1) as the baseline for the ARRM. This option will capture a multi-ton boulder, (typically 2-4 meters in size) from the surface of a large (greater than similar to 100 m diameter) Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) and return it to cis-lunar space for subsequent human exploration during the ARCM. Further human and robotic missions to the asteroidal material would also be facilitated by its return to cis lunar space. In addition, prior to departing the asteroid, the Asteroid Redirect Vehicle (ARV) will perform a demonstration of the Enhanced Gravity Tractor (EGT) planetary defense technique.(2) This paper will discuss the proximity operations which have been broken into three phases: Approach and Characterization, Boulder Capture, and Planetary Defense Demonstration. Each of these phases has been analyzed for the ARRM reference target, 2008 EV5, and a detailed baseline operations concept has been developed.
C1 [Reeves, David M.; Mazanek, Daniel D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr E402, 1 N Dryden St,MS 462, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Cichy, Ben D.] ASRC Inc, 7000 Muirkirk Meadows Dr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
[Broschart, Stephen B.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[DeWeese, Keith D.] NASA, SSCO, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Reeves, DM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr E402, 1 N Dryden St,MS 462, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 655
EP 666
PG 12
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100051
ER
PT S
AU Kennedy, BM
Bradley, N
Han, D
Karimi, R
Mastrodemos, N
Rush, B
Takahashi, Y
AF Kennedy, Brian M.
Bradley, Nicholas
Han, Dongsuk
Karimi, Reza
Mastrodemos, Nickolaos
Rush, Brian
Takahashi, Yu
BE Chart, DA
TI DETERMINATION OF CERES PHYSICAL PARAMETERS USING RADIOMETRIC AND OPTICAL
DATA
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
ID VESTA; DAWN
AB The Dawn spacecraft was launched on September 27th, 2007. Its mission is to rendezvous with and observe the two largest bodies in the main asteroid belt, Vesta and Ceres. It has completed over a year's worth of direct observations of Vesta from early 2011 through late 2012. In the spring of 2015, the Dawn spacecraft entered orbit around the asteroid Ceres for the start of what is expected to be more than a year of science operations. The science data collected from this encounter consist of infrared (IR) images and spectra, visible images through a number of color filters, gamma ray detections and measurements of the Ceres gravity field. These data will be collected during several science phases: an Approach phase (1500000-4860 km from Ceres), a Survey orbit (4860 km radius), a High Altitude Mapping Orbit (HAMO) (1940 km radius) and a Low Altitude Mapping Orbit (LAMO) (855 km radius). The Approach phase included three Rotational Characterization (RC) opportunities.
C1 [Kennedy, Brian M.; Bradley, Nicholas; Han, Dongsuk; Karimi, Reza; Mastrodemos, Nickolaos; Rush, Brian; Takahashi, Yu] CALTECH, Nav Sect, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Kennedy, BM (reprint author), CALTECH, Nav Sect, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 679
EP 694
PG 16
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100053
ER
PT S
AU Gutkowski, JP
Dawn, TF
Jedrey, RM
AF Gutkowski, Jeffrey P.
Dawn, Timothy F.
Jedrey, Richard M.
BE Chart, DA
TI EVOLUTION OF ORION MISSION DESIGN FOR EXPLORATION MISSION 1 AND 2
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB The evolving mission design and concepts of NASA's next steps have shaped Orion into the spacecraft that it is today. Since the initial inception of Orion, through the Constellation Program, and now in the Exploration Mission framework with the Space Launch System (SLS), each mission design concept and pro-gram goal have left Orion with a set of capabilities that can be utilized in many different mission types. Exploration Missions 1 and 2 (EM-1 and EM-2) have now been at the forefront of the mission design focus for the last several years. During that time, different Design Reference Missions (DRMs) were built, analyzed, and modified to solve or mitigate enterprise level design trades to ensure a viable mission from launch to landing. The resulting DRMs for EM 1 and EM-2 were then expanded into multi-year trajectory scans to characterize vehicle performance as affected by variations in Earth-Moon geometry. This provides Orion's subsystems with stressing reference trajectories to help design their system. Now that Orion has progressed through the Preliminary and Critical Design Reviews (PDR and CDR), there is a general shift in the focus of mission design from aiding the vehicle design to providing mission specific products needed for pre-flight and real time operations. Some of the mission specific products needed include, large quantities of nominal trajectories for multiple monthly launch periods and abort options at any point in the mission for each valid trajectory in the launch window.
C1 [Gutkowski, Jeffrey P.; Dawn, Timothy F.; Jedrey, Richard M.] NASA, EG Aerosci & Flight Mech, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Gutkowski, JP (reprint author), NASA, EG Aerosci & Flight Mech, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 697
EP 708
PG 12
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100054
ER
PT S
AU Robinson, S
Scarritt, S
Goodman, JL
AF Robinson, Shane
Scarritt, Sara
Goodman, John L.
BE Chart, DA
TI ENCKE-BETA PREDICTOR FOR ORION BURN TARGETING AND GUIDANCE
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB The state vector prediction algorithm selected for Orion on-board targeting and guidance is known as the Encke-Beta method. Encke-Beta uses a universal anomaly (beta) as the independent variable, valid for circular, elliptical, parabolic, and hyperbolic orbits. The variable, related to the change in eccentric anomaly, results in integration steps that cover smaller arcs of the trajectory at or near perigee, when velocity is higher. Some burns in the EM-1 and EM-2 mission plans are much longer than burns executed with the Apollo and Space Shuttle vehicles. Burn length, as well as hyperbolic trajectories, has driven the use of the Encke-Beta numerical predictor by the predictor/corrector guidance algorithm in place of legacy analytic thrust and gravity integrals.
C1 [Robinson, Shane; Scarritt, Sara] NASA, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Goodman, John L.] Odyssey Space Res LLC, 1120 NASA Pkwy,Suite 505, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Robinson, S (reprint author), NASA, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 709
EP 731
PG 23
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100055
ER
PT S
AU Odegard, R
Goodman, JL
Barrett, CP
Pohlkamp, K
Robinson, S
AF Odegard, Ryan
Goodman, John L.
Barrett, Charles P.
Pohlkamp, Kara
Robinson, Shane
BE Chart, DA
TI ORION BURN MANAGEMENT, NOMINAL AND RESPONSE TO FAILURES
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB An approach for managing Orion on-orbit burn execution is described for nominal and failure response scenarios. The burn management strategy for Orion takes into account per-burn variations in targeting, timing, and execution; crew and ground operator intervention and overrides; defined burn failure triggers and responses; and corresponding on-board software sequencing functionality. Burn to-burn variations are managed through the identification of specific parameters that may be updated for each progressive burn. Failure triggers and automatic responses during the burn timeframe are defined to provide safety for the crew in the case of vehicle failures, along with override capabilities to ensure operational control of the vehicle. On-board sequencing software provides the timeline coordination for performing the required activities related to targeting, burn execution, and responding to burn failures.
C1 [Odegard, Ryan] Charles Stark Draper Lab, Spacecraft GN&C & Mission Operat Grp, 17629 El Camino Real, Houston, TX 77578 USA.
[Goodman, John L.] Odyssey Space Res LLC, 1120 NASA Pkwy,Suite 505, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Barrett, Charles P.] NASA, Flight Dynam Div, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Pohlkamp, Kara] NASA, Flight Dynam Div, Johnson Space Ctr, GNC Operat, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Robinson, Shane] NASA, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Odegard, R (reprint author), Charles Stark Draper Lab, Spacecraft GN&C & Mission Operat Grp, 17629 El Camino Real, Houston, TX 77578 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 733
EP 743
PG 11
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100056
ER
PT S
AU Kane, MA
Wacker, R
AF Kane, Mark A.
Wacker, Roger
BE Chart, DA
TI ORION GN&C DETECTION AND MITIGATION OF PARACHUTE PENDULOSITY
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB New techniques being employed by Orion guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) using a reaction control system (RCS) under parachutes are described. Pendulosity refers to a pendulum-oscillatory mode that can occur during descent under main parachutes and that has been observed during Orion parachute drop tests. The pendulum mode reduces the ability of GN&C to maneuver the suspended vehicle resulting in undesirable increases to structural loads at touchdown. Parachute redesign efforts have been unsuccessful in reducing the pendulous behavior necessitating GN&C mitigation options. An observer has been developed to estimate the pendulum motion as well as the underlying wind velocity vector. Using this knowledge, the control system maneuvers the vehicle using two separate strategies determined by wind velocity magnitude and pendulum energy thresholds; at high wind velocities the vehicle is aligned with the wind direction and for cases with lower wind velocities and large pendulum amplitudes the vehicle is aligned such that it is perpendicular to the swing plane. Pendulum damping techniques using RCS thrusters are discussed but have not been selected for use onboard the Orion spacecraft. The observer and alignment techniques discussed in this paper will be flown on Exploration Mission 1 (EM-1).
C1 [Kane, Mark A.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Wacker, Roger] Lockheed Martin Corp, M-S H3B,POB 58487, Houston, TX 77258 USA.
RP Kane, MA (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 745
EP 756
PG 12
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100057
ER
PT S
AU Brown, D
Weiler, D
Flanary, R
AF Brown, Denise
Weiler, David
Flanary, Ronald
BE Chart, DA
TI ORION GN&C FAULT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM VERIFICATION: SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB In order to ensure long-term ability to meet mission goals and to provide for the safety of the public, ground personnel, and any crew members, nearly all spacecraft include a fault management (FM) system. For a manned vehicle such as Orion, the safety of the crew is of paramount importance. The goal of the Orion Guidance, Navigation and Control (GN&C) fault management system is to detect, isolate, and respond to faults before they can result in harm to the human crew or loss of the spacecraft. Verification of fault management/fault protection capability is challenging due to the large number of possible faults in a complex spacecraft, the inherent unpredictability of faults, the complexity of interactions among the various spacecraft components, and the inability to easily quantify human reactions to failure scenarios. The Orion GN&C Fault Detection, Isolation, and Recovery (FDIR) team has developed a methodology for bounding the scope of FM system verification while ensuring sufficient coverage of the failure space and providing high confidence that the fault management system meets all safety requirements. The methodology utilizes a swarm search algorithm to identify failure cases that can result in catastrophic loss of the crew or the vehicle and rare event sequential Monte Carlo to verify safety and FDIR performance requirements.
C1 [Brown, Denise] 1120 NASA Pkwy E,Suite 505, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Weiler, David] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Flanary, Ronald] Odyssey Space Res, 1120 NASA Pkwy E,Suite 505, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Brown, D (reprint author), 1120 NASA Pkwy E,Suite 505, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 757
EP 768
PG 12
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100058
ER
PT S
AU Holt, GN
Brown, A
AF Holt, Greg N.
Brown, Aaron
BE Chart, DA
TI ORION EXPLORATION FLIGHT TEST 1 (EFT-1) BEST ESTIMATED TRAJECTORY
DEVELOPMENT
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB The Orion Exploration Flight Test 1 (EFT-1) mission successfully flew on Dec 5, 2014 atop a Delta IV Heavy launch vehicle. The goal of Orions maiden flight was to stress the system by placing an uncrewed vehicle on a high-energy trajectory replicating conditions similar to those that would be experienced when returning from an asteroid or a lunar mission. The Orion navigation team combined all trajectory data from the mission into a Best Estimated Trajectory (BET) product. There were significant challenges in data reconstruction and many lessons were learned for future missions. The team used an estimation filter incorporating radar tracking, onboard sensors (Global Positioning System and Inertial Measurement Unit), and day-of-flight weather balloons to evaluate the true trajectory flown by Orion. Data was published for the entire Orion EFT-1 flight, plus objects jettisoned during entry such as the Forward Bay Cover. The BET customers include approximately 20 disciplines within Orion who will use the information for evaluating vehicle performance and influencing future design decisions.
C1 [Holt, Greg N.] NASA, Flight Dynam Div, Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code CM55,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Brown, Aaron] NASA, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div, Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code EG6,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Holt, GN (reprint author), NASA, Flight Dynam Div, Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code CM55,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM greg.n.holt@nasa.gov; aaron.j.brown@nasa.gov
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 781
EP 792
PG 12
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100060
ER
PT S
AU Sorgenfrei, M
Stevenson, T
Lightsey, EG
AF Sorgenfrei, Matt
Stevenson, Terry
Lightsey, E. Glenn
BE Chart, DA
TI CONSIDERATIONS FOR OPERATION OF A DEEP SPACE NANOSATELLITE PROPULSION
SYSTEM
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB A distinguishing feature of deep space CubeSats is that they require some form of propulsion system, either for orbital maneuvering operations, spacecraft momentum management, or both. However, the comparatively short lifecycle for these missions, combined with the mass and volume restrictions that are attendant with the CubeSat form factor, make the integration of propulsion systems one of the highest-risk aspects of the entire mission. There are a limited number of facilities around the country that can support accurate testing of thruster systems that generate milli-Newtons of thrust, and the cost associated with handling and transportation of traditional propellants can be prohibitive for many CubeSat mission budgets. As a result, many deep space CubeSats are considering propulsion systems that are either at a fairly low technology readiness level or which will be integrated after a truncated test campaign. This paper will describe the propulsion system architecture selected for the BioSentinel mission, a six-unit CubeSat under development at NASA Ames Research Center. Bio Sentinel requires a propulsion system to support detumble and momentum management operations, and this paper will discuss the integration of a third-party propulsion system with an Ames-built CubeSat, as well as the test campaign that is under-way for both quality control and requirements verification purposes.
C1 [Sorgenfrei, Matt] NASA, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Stevenson, Terry; Lightsey, E. Glenn] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, 270 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Sorgenfrei, M (reprint author), NASA, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 811
EP 822
PG 12
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100063
ER
PT S
AU Litchford, RJ
AF Litchford, Ronald J.
BE Chart, DA
TI STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEEP SPACE TRANSPORT
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB Deep space transportation capability for science and exploration is fundamentally limited by available propulsion technologies. Traditional chemical systems are performance plateaued and require enormous Initial Mass in Low Earth Orbit (IMLEO) whereas solar electric propulsion systems are power limited and unable to execute rapid transits. Nuclear based propulsion and alternative energetic methods, on the other hand, represent potential avenues, perhaps the only viable avenues, to high specific power space transport evincing reduced trip time, reduced IMLEO, and expanded deep space reach. Here, key deep space transport mission capability objectives are reviewed in relation to STMD technology portfolio needs, and the advanced propulsion technology solution landscape is examined including open questions, technical challenges, and developmental prospects. Options for potential future investment across the full complement of STMD programs are presented based on an informed awareness of complimentary activities in industry, academia, OGAs, and NASA mission directorates.
C1 [Litchford, Ronald J.] NASA Headquarters, Space Technol Miss Directorate, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
RP Litchford, RJ (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Space Technol Miss Directorate, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 851
EP 857
PG 7
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100066
ER
PT S
AU Boardman, J
Cervantes, D
Frazier, W
AF Boardman, Joseph
Cervantes, Daniel
Frazier, William
BE Chart, DA
TI MOVING GEOLOCATION HOME FROM SPACE
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB Traditional space remote sensing systems invest large amounts of resources into ensuring that the space-based GN&C hardware and software supports essentially open-loop geolocation of imagery, based on precision attitude and ephemeris data, and numerous biases and correction factors, many of which must be constantly re-evaluated (e.g. alignments). Ground-based geolocation is typically assumed to be too risky, slow, and/or expensive to be considered anything but "Plan B", or an ancillary upgrade. However, with the ever-growing processing capabilities, current available ground software packages have made it possible to perform image orthorectification using only the image data (seeded with relatively course GN&C information), leveraging various feature recognition algorithms as an operationally-viable solution. Such algorithms have been developed of necessity for certain particular mission classes (e.g. small bodies and hosted payloads), and also have become commercially available for Earth applications. In this paper we evaluate the performance available from representative algorithms, and consider the implied system architecture trades of potentially foregoing the traditional high-performance GN&C solution altogether, in favor of currently-available ground processing. This can then become a mission-enabling strategy for low-cost Earth remote sensing missions such as NASA's Earth Ventures class.
C1 [Boardman, Joseph] Analyt Imaging & Geophys LLC, 4450 Arapahoe Ave,Suite 100, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Cervantes, Daniel; Frazier, William] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Boardman, J (reprint author), Analyt Imaging & Geophys LLC, 4450 Arapahoe Ave,Suite 100, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 861
EP 869
PG 9
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100067
ER
PT S
AU Alvarez-Salazar, O
Aldrich, J
Filipe, N
Allison, J
Chung, SJ
AF Alvarez-Salazar, Oscar
Aldrich, Jack
Filipe, Nuno
Allison, James
Chung, Soon-Jo
BE Chart, DA
TI STRAIN ACTUATED SOLAR-ARRAYS FOR PRECISION POINTING OF SPACECRAFT
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB Next generation telescopes for space exploration are being planned with unprecedented levels of pointing and wavefront stability as science enabling capabilities - i.e., sub-milli-arcsecond class pointing, and pico-meter class RMS wave-front error). Current methodologies for attaining these levels of stability are approaching the limit of what is possible with the use of isolation, intensive and risky structural dynamic tailoring, exquisite broad-band Attitude Control System (ACS) sensors and actuators, and ultra-precise fast steering mirrors commanded to compensate for pointing errors through feedback of camera measurements. This paper explores the benefits of using Strain Actuated Solar Arrays (SASA) - currently under Research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the University of Illinois Urbana Champagne - in new ACS architectures for applications requiring very tight precision pointing of a SC and on-board instrumentation. A strain actuated solar array has the following characteristics: (1) Strain actuation and sensing is distributed throughout the SA panels to obtain control authority and observability over the strain state of the SA enabling SA jitter control. (2) Large motion (up to 10 degrees or relative motion) strain based mechanisms are used in between SA panels and in between the SC and the solar array enables SC slewing and limited momentum management. (3) The mechanical (i.e., stiffness and configuration) and inertia/mass properties of the SA have been designed to optimize its ability to control its vibrations and the vibration and attitude of the host SC. This paper discusses ACS architectures that use the above SASA system while avoiding the use of the Reaction Wheel Actuator (RWA) during key science observation periods. The RWA being the dominant source of pointing jitter and wave front jitter in a telescope based observatory; hence, not flying RWAs amounts to not flying the main source of jitter! At least two architectures based on the SASA system are studied - one is an earth orbiter, the other is assumed to be in an L2 orbit. Simulation results for one of these cases are discussed along with what developments are needed going forward to enable the use of this technology.
C1 [Alvarez-Salazar, Oscar; Aldrich, Jack; Filipe, Nuno] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, G&C Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Allison, James] Univ Illinois, Ind & Enterprise Syst Engn, 104 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Chung, Soon-Jo] Univ Illinois, Aerosp Engn, 104 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Alvarez-Salazar, O (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, G&C Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM osas@jpl.nasa.gov; jaldrich@jpl.nasa.gov; Nuno.Filipe@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 929
EP 944
PG 16
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100072
ER
PT S
AU Bellerose, J
Nandi, S
Roth, D
Tarzi, Z
Boone, D
Criddle, K
Ionasescu, R
AF Bellerose, Julie
Nandi, Sumita
Roth, Duane
Tarzi, Zahi
Boone, Dylan
Criddle, Kevin
Ionasescu, Rodica
BE Chart, DA
TI CASSINI NAVIGATION: THE ROAD TO CONSISTENT SUB-KILOMETER ACCURACY
SATELLITE ENCOUNTERS
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB This paper reviews the orbit determination performance for the last five years of the Cassini Mission Solstice Tour. During this period of time, Cassini had more than 30 satellite encounters, including Titan, Rhea, and Dione. We report on the navigational flyby accuracy, comparing post-flyby reconstructions and encounter predictions, and discuss the performance improvement and challenges over the years. Finally, we give an overview of the "Grand Finale" end of mission planned for 2017.
C1 [Bellerose, Julie; Roth, Duane; Tarzi, Zahi; Boone, Dylan; Criddle, Kevin; Ionasescu, Rodica] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Cassini Nav Team, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Nandi, Sumita] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Bellerose, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Cassini Nav Team, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 971
EP 984
PG 14
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100075
ER
PT S
AU Gay, RS
Holt, GN
Zanetti, R
AF Gay, Robert S.
Holt, Greg N.
Zanetti, Renato
BE Chart, DA
TI ORION EXPLORATION FLIGHT TEST-1 POST-FLIGHT NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE
ASSESSMENT RELATIVE TO THE BEST ESTIMATED TRAJECTORY
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB This paper details the post-flight navigation performance assessment of the Orion Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1). Results of each flight phase are presented: Ground Align, Ascent, Orbit, and Entry Descent and Landing. This study examines the on-board Kalman Filter uncertainty along with state deviations relative to the Best Estimated Trajectory (BET). Overall the results show that the Orion Navigation System performed as well or better than expected. Specifically, the Global Positioning System (GPS) measurement availability was significantly better than anticipated at high altitudes. In addition, attitude estimation via processing GPS measurements along with Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data performed very well and maintained good attitude throughout the mission.
C1 [Gay, Robert S.; Zanetti, Renato] NASA, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div, Johnson Space Ctr, EG6,2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Holt, Greg N.] NASA, Flight Dynam Div, Johnson Space Ctr, CM55,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Gay, RS (reprint author), NASA, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div, Johnson Space Ctr, EG6,2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 985
EP 997
PG 13
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100076
ER
PT S
AU Frey, NP
Davis, EP
AF Frey, Nicholas P.
Davis, Edward P.
BE Chart, DA
TI LAUNCH AND COMMISSIONING THE DEEP SPACE CLIMATE OBSERVATORY
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB The Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR), formerly known as Triana, successfully launched on February 11th, 2015. To date, each of the five spacecraft attitude control system (ACS) modes have been operating as expected and meeting all guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) requirements, although since launch, several anomalies were encountered. While unplanned, these anomalies have proven to be invaluable in developing a deeper understanding of the ACS, and drove the design of three alterations to the ACS task of the flight software (FSW). An overview of the GN&C subsystem hardware, including refurbishment, and ACS architecture are introduced, followed by a chronological discussion of key events, flight performance, as well as anomalies encountered by the GN&C team.
C1 [Frey, Nicholas P.] NASA, Attitude Control Syst Engn Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 591, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Davis, Edward P.] NASA, Components & Hardware Syst Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 591, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Frey, NP (reprint author), NASA, Attitude Control Syst Engn Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 591, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 999
EP 1010
PG 12
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100077
ER
PT S
AU Peters, S
DeFlores, L
Warner, N
Litwin, T
AF Peters, Stephen
DeFlores, Lauren
Warner, Noah
Litwin, Todd
BE Chart, DA
TI CELESTIAL ASPECTS OF MARS SCIENCE LABORATORY CHEMCAM SUN-SAFETY
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
AB The Mars Science Laboratory ChemCam instrument is sensitive to the sun, has no sun cover, yet points in the same direction as other instruments that regularly image the sun for science observations and attitude determination. It is also re pointed as a side effect of mobility. Within a "sun-safe" focal range, the Chem Cam can tolerate the sun passively passing through its field of view at Mars rotation rate. It can also tolerate up to three minutes of repointing with the sun remaining within its field of view. In the "sun-unsafe" focal range used for Chem Cam observations, the sun must never be allowed to enter the ChemCam field of view. Since this applies even in the event of a system fault, ChemCam observations are only allowed in directions guaranteed to be "sun-free" for several sols of Mars rotation and orbital motion. The ChemCam is protected by flight software enforcement of sun safety constraints and by models of these constraints implemented within ground tools used in tactical operations. In addition, a special sun search strategy, guaranteeing ChemCam sun safety despite the lack of knowledge of the geometric relationship between the ChemCam boresight and the vector to the sun, had to be developed for initial attitude determination.
C1 [Peters, Stephen] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Robot Operat Mobil & Robot Syst, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[DeFlores, Lauren] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Instrument Syst Engn, Instrument Syst Implementat & Concepts, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Warner, Noah] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Payload Syst Engn, Flight Syst Engn Integrat & Test, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Litwin, Todd] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Comp Vis, Mobil & Robot Syst, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Peters, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Robot Operat Mobil & Robot Syst, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 1011
EP 1021
PG 11
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100078
ER
PT S
AU Christian, J
Robinson, S
AF Christian, John
Robinson, Shane
BE Chart, DA
TI OBSERVATIONS ON THE GEOMETRY OF HORIZON-BASED OPTICAL NAVIGATION
SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section
Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference
CY FEB 05-10, 2016
CL Breckenridge, CO
SP Amer Astronaut Soc
ID IMAGE
AB NASA's Orion Project has sparked a renewed interest in horizon-based optical navigation (OPNAV) techniques for spacecraft in the Earth-Moon system. Some approaches have begun to explore the geometry of horizon-based OPNAV and exploit the fact that it is a conic section problem. Therefore, the present paper focuses more deeply on understanding and leveraging the various geometric interpretations of horizon-based OPNAV. These results provide valuable insight into the fundamental workings of OPNAV solution methods, their convergence properties, and associated estimate covariance. Most importantly, the geometry and transformations uncovered in this paper lead to a simple and non-iterative solution to the generic horizon-based OPNAV problem. This represents a significant theoretical advancement over existing methods. Thus, we find that a clear understanding of geometric relationships is central to the prudent design, use, and operation of horizon-based OPNAV techniques.
C1 [Christian, John] West Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 395 Evansdale Dr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
[Robinson, Shane] NASA, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Christian, J (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 395 Evansdale Dr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-631-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2016
VL 157
BP 1031
EP 1042
PG 12
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF9WA
UT WOS:000385997100080
ER
PT S
AU Baumgartner, WH
Christe, SD
Ryan, DF
Inglis, AR
Shih, AY
Gregory, K
Wilson, M
Seller, P
Gaskin, J
Wilson-Hodge, C
AF Baumgartner, Wayne H.
Christe, Steven D.
Ryan, Daniel F.
Inglis, Andrew R.
Shih, Albert Y.
Gregory, Kyle
Wilson, Matt
Seller, Paul
Gaskin, Jessica
Wilson-Hodge, Colleen
BE Holland, AD
Beletic, J
TI The HEXITEC Hard X-ray Pixelated CdTe Imager for Fast Solar Observations
SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy
VII
CY JUN 26-29, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE CdTe; X-ray detector; X-ray optics; X-ray imaging; focal plane array;
the Sun; solar flares; hard X-rays; X-ray focusing optics; solid-state
pixelated detectors
ID SPECTROSCOPIC-IMAGER; DETECTORS; RHESSI; FLARES
AB There is an increasing demand in solar and astrophysics for high resolution X-ray spectroscopic imaging. Such observations would present ground breaking opportunities to study the poorly understood high energy processes in our solar system and beyond, such as solar flares, X-ray binaries, and active galactic nuclei. However, such observations require a new breed of solid state detectors sensitive to high energy X-rays with fine independent pixels to sub-sample the point spread function (PSF) of the X-ray optics. For solar observations in particular, they must also be capable of handling very high count rates as photon fluxes from solar flares often cause pile up and saturation in present generation detectors. The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) has recently developed a new cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector system, called HEXITEC (High Energy X-ray Imaging Technology). It is an 80 x 80 array of 250 pm independent pixels sensitive in the 2-200 keV band and capable of a high full frame read out rate of 10 kHz. HEXITEC provides the smallest independently read out CdTe pixels currently available, and are well matched to the few arcsecond PSF produced by current and next generation hard X-ray focusing optics. NASA's Goddard and Marshall Space Flight Centers are collaborating with RAL to develop these detectors for use on future space borne hard X-ray focusing telescopes. We show the latest results on HEXITEC's imaging capability, energy resolution, high read out rate, and reveal it to be ideal for such future instruments.
C1 [Baumgartner, Wayne H.; Christe, Steven D.; Ryan, Daniel F.; Inglis, Andrew R.; Shih, Albert Y.; Gregory, Kyle] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Baumgartner, Wayne H.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Inglis, Andrew R.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Wilson, Matt; Seller, Paul] Rutherford Appleton Lab, STFC, Oxford OX1 10QX, England.
[Gaskin, Jessica; Wilson-Hodge, Colleen] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Christe, SD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM steven.christe@nasa.gov
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0209-0; 978-1-5106-0210-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9915
PN 1
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PM
UT WOS:000385793400041
ER
PT S
AU Bush, N
Hall, D
Holland, A
Burgon, R
Murray, N
Gow, J
Jordan, D
Demers, R
Harding, LK
Nemati, B
Hoenk, M
Michaels, D
Peddada, P
AF Bush, Nathan
Hall, David
Holland, Andrew
Burgon, Ross
Murray, Neil
Gow, Jason
Jordan, Douglas
Demers, Richard
Harding, Leon K.
Nemati, Bijan
Hoenk, Michael
Michaels, Darren
Peddada, Pavani
BE Holland, AD
Beletic, J
TI Cryogenic Irradiation of an EMCCD for the WFIRST Coronagraph:
Preliminary Performance Analysis
SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy
VII
CY JUN 26-29, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE WFIRST; CGI; coronagraph; EMCCD; CCD; radiation damage; cryogenic
irradiation; silicon defects; annealing; displacement damage
ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; CCD
AB The Wide Field Infra-Red Survey Telescope (WFIRST) is a NASA observatory scheduled to launch in the next decade that will settle essential questions in exoplanet science. The Wide Field Instrument (WFI) offers Hubble quality imaging over a 0.28 square degree field of view and will gather NIR statistical data on exoplanets through gravitational microlensing. An on-board coronagraph will for the first time perform direct imaging and spectroscopic analysis of exoplanets with properties analogous to those within our own solar system, including cold Jupiters, mini Neptunes and potentially super Earths.
The Coronagraph Instrument (CGI) will be required to operate with low signal flux for long integration times, demanding all noise sources are kept to a minimum. The Electron Multiplication (EM)-CCD has been baselined for both the imaging and spectrograph cameras due its ability to operate with sub-electron effective read noise values with appropriate multiplication gain setting. The presence of other noise sources, however, such as thermal dark signal and Clock Induced Charge (CIC), need to be characterized and mitigated. In addition, operation within a space environment will subject the device to radiation damage that will degrade the Charge Transfer Efficiency (CTE) of the device throughout the mission lifetime. Irradiation at the nominal instrument operating temperature has the potential to provide the best estimate of performance degradation that will be experienced in-flight, since the final population of silicon defects has been shown to be dependent upon the temperature at which the sensor is irradiated.
Here we present initial findings from pre- and post- cryogenic irradiation testing of the e2v CCD201-20 BI EMCCD sensor, baselined for the WFIRST coronagraph instrument. The motivation for irradiation at cryogenic temperatures is discussed with reference to previous investigations of a similar nature. The results are presented in context with those from a previous room temperature irradiation investigation that was performed on a CCD201-20 operated under the same conditions. A key conclusion is that the measured performance degradation for a given proton fluence is seen to measurably differ for the cryogenic case compared to the room temperature equivalent for the conditions of this study.
C1 [Bush, Nathan; Hall, David; Holland, Andrew; Burgon, Ross; Murray, Neil; Gow, Jason] Open Univ, Ctr Elect Imaging, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
[Jordan, Douglas] E2v Technol Plc, Waterhouse Lane, Chelmsford CM1 2QU, Essex, England.
[Demers, Richard; Harding, Leon K.; Nemati, Bijan; Hoenk, Michael; Michaels, Darren; Peddada, Pavani] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Bush, N (reprint author), Open Univ, Ctr Elect Imaging, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
EM nathan.bush@open.ac.uk
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0209-0; 978-1-5106-0210-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9915
AR UNSP 99150A
DI 10.1117/12.2234628
PN 1
PG 18
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PM
UT WOS:000385793400008
ER
PT S
AU Kyne, G
Hamden, ET
Lingner, N
Morrissey, P
Nikzad, S
Martin, C
AF Kyne, Gillian
Hamden, Erika T.
Lingner, Nicole
Morrissey, Patrick
Nikzad, Shouleh
Martin, Christopher
BE Holland, AD
Beletic, J
TI The faint intergalactic-medium red-shifted emission balloon: future UV
observations with EMCCDs
SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy
VII
CY JUN 26-29, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE astronomical instrumentation; EMCCD; UV; dark current; CIC; photon
counting
AB We present the latest developments in our joint NASA/CNES suborbital project. This project is a balloon-borne UV multi-object spectrograph, which has been designed to detect faint emission from the circumgalactic medium (CGM) around low redshift galaxies. One major change from FIREBall-1 has been the use of a delta-doped Electron Multiplying CCD (EMCCD). EMCCDs can be used in photon-counting (PC) mode to achieve extremely low readout noise (i 1e(-)). Our testing initially focused on reducing clock-induced-charge (CIC) through wave shaping and well depth optimisation with the CCD Controller for Counting Photons (CCCP) from Nuvu. This optimisation also includes methods for reducing dark current, via cooling and substrate voltage adjustment. We present result of laboratory noise measurements including dark current. Furthermore, we will briefly present some initial results from our first set of on-sky observations using a delta-doped EMCCD on the 200 inch telescope at Palomar using the Palomar Cosmic Web Imager (PCWI).
C1 [Kyne, Gillian; Hamden, Erika T.; Lingner, Nicole; Morrissey, Patrick; Martin, Christopher] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Nikzad, Shouleh] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Kyne, G (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM gkyne@caltech.edu
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0209-0; 978-1-5106-0210-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9915
AR UNSP 991507
DI 10.1117/12.2232879
PN 1
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PM
UT WOS:000385793400006
ER
PT S
AU McMurtry, CW
Dorn, M
Cabrera, MS
Pipher, JL
Forrest, WJ
Mainzer, AK
Wong, A
AF McMurtry, Craig W.
Dorn, Meghan
Cabrera, Mario S.
Pipher, Judith L.
Forrest, William J.
Mainzer, Amy K.
Wong, Andre
BE Holland, AD
Beletic, J
TI Candidate 10 micron HgCdTe Arrays for the NEOCam Space Mission
SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy
VII
CY JUN 26-29, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE NEOCam; infrared; detector; LWIR; HgCdTe; space telescope; astronomy;
low background
ID DETECTOR ARRAYS
AB The Near Earth Object Camera (NEOCam, Mainzer et al. 2015) is one of five NASA Discovery Class mission experiments selected for Phase A: down-select to one or two experiments will take place late in 2016. NEOCam will survey the sky in search of asteroids and comets, particularly those close to the Earth's orbit. The NEOCam infrared telescope will have two infrared (IR) channels; one covering 4 to 5 microns, and one covering 6-10 microns. Both IR cameras will use multiple 2Kx2K pixel format HAWAII-2RG arrays with different cutoff wavelength HgCdTe detectors from Teledyne Imaging Sensors. Past development work by the University of Rochester with Teledyne Imaging Sensors and JPL (McMurtry et al. 2013, Dorn et al. 2016) focused upon bringing the 10 micron HgCdTe detector technology up to NASA TRL 6+. This work extends that development program to push the format from 1Kx1K to the larger 2Kx2K pixel array. We present results on the first 2Kx2K candidate 10 micron cutoff HgCdTe arrays, where we measured the dark current, read noise, and total noise.
C1 [McMurtry, Craig W.; Dorn, Meghan; Cabrera, Mario S.; Pipher, Judith L.; Forrest, William J.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA.
[Mainzer, Amy K.; Wong, Andre] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 264-732,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP McMurtry, CW (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA.
NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0209-0; 978-1-5106-0210-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9915
AR UNSP 99150D
DI 10.1117/12.2233537
PN 1
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PM
UT WOS:000385793400011
ER
PT S
AU Nemati, B
Effinger, R
Demers, R
Harding, L
Morrissey, P
Bush, N
Hall, D
Skottfelt, J
AF Nemati, Bijan
Effinger, Robert
Demers, Richard
Harding, Leon
Morrissey, Patrick
Bush, Nathan
Hall, David
Skottfelt, Jesper
BE Holland, AD
Beletic, J
TI The Effect of Radiation-Induced Traps on the WFIRST Coronagraph
Detectors
SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy
VII
CY JUN 26-29, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Coronagraph; Exoplanet; Detector; CCD; EMCCD
AB The WFIRST Coronagraph will be the most sensitive instrument ever built for direct imaging and characterization of extra-solar planets. With a design contrast expected to be better than 1e-9 after post processing, this instrument will directly image gas giants as far in as Jupiter's orbit. Direct imaging places high demand on optical detectors, not only in noise performance, but also in the need to be resistant to traps. Since the typical scene flux is measured in milli-electrons per second, the signal collected in each practicable frame will be at most a few electrons. At such extremely small signal levels, traps and their effects on the image become extremely important. To investigate their impact on the WFIRST coronagraph mission science yield, we have constructed a detailed model of the coronagraph sensor performance in the presence of traps. Built in Matlab, this model incorporates the expected and measured trap capture and emission times and cross-sections, as well as occurrence densities after exposure to irradiation in the WFIRST space environment. The model also includes the detector architecture and operation as applicable to trapping phenomena. We describe the model, the results, and implications on sensing performance.
C1 [Nemati, Bijan; Effinger, Robert; Demers, Richard; Harding, Leon; Morrissey, Patrick] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 321-130, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
Open Univ, Ctr Elect Imaging, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England.
[Bush, Nathan; Hall, David; Skottfelt, Jesper] Open Univ, E2v Ctr Elect Imaging CEI, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England.
RP Nemati, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 321-130, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM bijan.nemati@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0209-0; 978-1-5106-0210-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9915
AR UNSP 99150M
DI 10.1117/12.2235278
PN 1
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PM
UT WOS:000385793400020
ER
PT S
AU Smith, B
Loose, M
Alkire, G
Joshi, A
Kelly, D
Siskind, E
Rossetti, D
Mah, J
Cheng, E
Miko, L
Luppino, G
Culver, H
Wollack, E
Content, D
AF Smith, Brian
Loose, Markus
Alkire, Greg
Joshi, Atul
Kelly, Daniel
Siskind, Eric
Rossetti, Dino
Mah, Jonathan
Cheng, Edward
Miko, Laddawan
Luppino, Gerard
Culver, Harry
Wollack, Edward
Content, David
BE Holland, AD
Beletic, J
TI Detector control and data acquisition for the Wide-Field Infrared Survey
Telescope (WFIRST) with a custom ASIC
SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy
VII
CY JUN 26-29, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE data acquisition; mixed-signal ASIC; sensor control; sensor
digitization; cryogenic ASIC
AB The Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) will have the largest near-IR focal plane ever flown by NASA, a total of 18 4K x 4K devices. The project has adopted a system-level approach to detector control and data acquisition where 1) control and processing intelligence is pushed into components closer to the detector to maximize signal integrity, 2) functions are performed at the highest allowable temperatures, and 3) the electronics are designed to ensure that the intrinsic detector noise is the limiting factor for system performance. For WFIRST, the detector arrays operate at 90 to 100 K, the detector control and data acquisition functions are performed by a custom ASIC at 150 to 180 K, and the main data processing electronics are at the ambient temperature of the spacecraft, notionally similar to 300 K. The new ASIC is the main interface between the cryogenic detectors and the warm instrument electronics. Its single-chip design provides basic clocking for most types of hybrid detectors with CMOS ROICs. It includes a flexible but simple-to-program sequencer, with the option of microprocessor control for more elaborate readout schemes that may be data-dependent. All analog biases, digital clocks, and analog-to-digital conversion functions are incorporated and are connected to the nearby detectors with a short cable that can provide thermal isolation. The interface to the warm electronics is simple and robust through multiple LVDS channels. It also includes features that support parallel operation of multiple ASICs to control detectors that may have more capability or requirements than can be supported by a single chip.
C1 [Smith, Brian; Alkire, Greg] Stargazer Syst Inc, 1783 Forest Dr,Suite 291, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA.
[Loose, Markus] Markury Sci Inc, 518 Oakhampton St, Thousand Oaks, CA 91361 USA.
[Joshi, Atul] SAAZ Micro Inc, 3075 E Thousand Oaks Blvd, Westlake Village, CA 91362 USA.
[Kelly, Daniel] AS&D, 7000 Muirkirk Meadows Dr, Laurel, MD 20707 USA.
[Siskind, Eric] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA.
[Rossetti, Dino; Mah, Jonathan; Cheng, Edward] Conceptual Analyt LLC, 8209 Woburn Abbey Rd, Glenn Dale, MD 20769 USA.
[Miko, Laddawan; Culver, Harry; Wollack, Edward; Content, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 448, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Luppino, Gerard] GL Sci, 3367A Waialae Ave, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA.
RP Smith, B (reprint author), Stargazer Syst Inc, 1783 Forest Dr,Suite 291, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA.
EM BSmith@StargazerSystems.com
RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012
OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0209-0; 978-1-5106-0210-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9915
AR UNSP 99152V
DI 10.1117/12.2231060
PN 1
PG 18
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PM
UT WOS:000385793400085
ER
PT S
AU Starr, B
Mears, L
Fulk, C
Getty, J
Corrales, E
Nelson, D
Content, D
Cheng, E
Hill, RJ
Mah, J
Waczynski, A
Wen, YT
AF Starr, Barry
Mears, Lynn
Fulk, Chad
Getty, Jonathan
Corrales, Elizabeth
Nelson, David
Content, David
Cheng, Edward
Hill, Robert J.
Mah, Jonathan
Waczynski, Augustyn
Wen, Yiting
BE Holland, AD
Beletic, J
TI RVS WFIRST Sensor Chip Assembly Development Results
SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy
VII
CY JUN 26-29, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE low background; infrared; detector; readout; HgCdTe; VisSWIR; SWIR;
large format
ID DETECTOR ARRAYS
AB Raytheon Vision Systems (RVS) has been developing high performance low background VisSWIR focal plane arrays suitable for the NASA WFIRST mission. These near infrared sensor chip assemblies (SCAs) are manufactured using HgCdTe on CdZnTe substrates with a 10 micron pixel pitch. WFIRST requirements are for a 4k x 4K format 4-side buttable package to populate a large scale 6 x 3 mosaic focal plane array of 18 SCAs. RVS devices will be compatible with the NASA developed FPA 4-side buttable package, and flight interface electronics. Initial development efforts at RVS have focused on a 2k x 2k format 10 micron pixel design based on an existing readout integrated circuit (ROIC) to demonstrate desired detector material performance at a relevant scale. This paper will provide performance results on the RVS efforts. RVS has successfully developed multiple 4k x 4k 10 micron pixel ROICs and we plan to demonstrate readiness to scale our design efforts to the desired 4k x 4k format for WFIRST in 2016.
C1 [Starr, Barry; Mears, Lynn; Fulk, Chad; Getty, Jonathan; Corrales, Elizabeth; Nelson, David] Raytheon Vis Syst, Goleta, CA 93117 USA.
[Content, David; Waczynski, Augustyn; Wen, Yiting] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Cheng, Edward; Hill, Robert J.; Mah, Jonathan] Conceptual Analyt, 8209 Woburn Abbey Rd, Glenn Dale, MD 20769 USA.
RP Starr, B (reprint author), Raytheon Vis Syst, Goleta, CA 93117 USA.
EM barry_m_starr@raytheon.com
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0209-0; 978-1-5106-0210-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9915
AR UNSP 99150Q
DI 10.1117/12.2233554
PN 1
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PM
UT WOS:000385793400024
ER
PT S
AU Waczynski, A
Barbier, R
Cagiano, S
Chen, J
Cheung, S
Cho, H
Cillis, A
Clemens, JC
Dawson, O
Delo, G
Farris, M
Feizi, A
Foltz, R
Hickey, M
Holmes, W
Hwang, T
Israellson, U
Jhabvala, M
Kahle, D
Kan, E
Kan, E
Loose, M
Lotkin, G
Miko, L
Nguyen, L
Piquette, E
Powers, T
Pravdo, S
Runkle, A
Seiffert, M
Strada, P
Tucker, C
Turck, K
Wang, F
Weber, C
Williams, J
AF Waczynski, A.
Barbier, R.
Cagiano, S.
Chen, J.
Cheung, S.
Cho, H.
Cillis, A.
Clemens, J-C.
Dawson, O.
Delo, G.
Farris, M.
Feizi, A.
Foltz, R.
Hickey, M.
Holmes, W.
Hwang, T.
Israellson, U.
Jhabvala, M.
Kahle, D.
Kan, Em.
Kan, Er.
Loose, M.
Lotkin, G.
Miko, L.
Nguyen, L.
Piquette, E.
Powers, T.
Pravdo, S.
Runkle, A.
Seiffert, M.
Strada, P.
Tucker, C.
Turck, K.
Wang, F.
Weber, C.
Williams, J.
BE Holland, AD
Beletic, J
TI Performance Overview of the Euclid Infrared Focal Plane Detector
Subsystems
SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy
VII
CY JUN 26-29, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Euclid; mercury cadmium telluride detectors; infrared focal planes; IR
detector arrays
AB In support of the European Space Agency (ESA) Euclid mission, NASA is responsible for the evaluation of the H2RG mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detectors and electronics assemblies fabricated by Teledyne Imaging Systems. The detector evaluation is performed in the Detector Characterization Laboratory (DCL) at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in close collaboration with engineers and scientists from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the Euclid project. The Euclid Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Imaging Photometer (NISP) will perform large-area optical and spectroscopic sky surveys in the 0.9-2.02 mu m infrared (IR) region. The NISP instrument will contain sixteen detector arrays each coupled to a Teledyne SIDECAR application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The focal plane will operate at 100K and the SIDECAR ASIC will be in close proximity operating at a slightly higher temperature of 137K. This paper will describe the test configuration, performance tests and results of the latest engineering run, also known as Pilot Run 3 (PR3), consisting of four H2RG detectors operating simultaneously. Performance data will be presented on; noise, spectral quantum efficiency, dark current, persistence, pixel yield, pixel to pixel uniformity, linearity, inter pixel crosstalk, full well and dynamic range, power dissipation, thermal response and unit cell input sensitivity.
C1 [Waczynski, A.; Cagiano, S.; Foltz, R.; Hickey, M.; Jhabvala, M.; Kahle, D.; Kan, Em.; Kan, Er.; Lotkin, G.; Miko, L.; Nguyen, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Barbier, R.; Tucker, C.] Inst Phys Nucl, 4 Rue Enrico Fermi, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
[Chen, J.; Cheung, S.; Hwang, T.; Powers, T.; Wang, F.; Weber, C.] Arctic Slope Reg Corp, 7000 Muirkirk Meadows Dr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
[Cho, H.; Dawson, O.; Holmes, W.; Israellson, U.; Pravdo, S.; Runkle, A.; Seiffert, M.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Cillis, A.; Turck, K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Cir, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Clemens, J-C.] CNRS, Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, 163 Ave Luminy, F-13009 Marseille, France.
[Delo, G.; Williams, J.] Global Sci & Technol, 7855 Walker Dr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
[Farris, M.; Piquette, E.] Teledyne Imaging Sensors, 1049 Camino Dos Rios, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA.
[Feizi, A.] AK Aerosp Technol Corp, 4300 B St, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Loose, M.] Markury Sci Inc, 518 Oakhampton St, Thousand Oaks, CA 91361 USA.
[Strada, P.] European Space Technol Ctr, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands.
RP Waczynski, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0209-0; 978-1-5106-0210-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9915
AR UNSP 991511
DI 10.1117/12.2231641
PN 1
PG 17
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PM
UT WOS:000385793400034
ER
PT J
AU Vergopolan, N
Fisher, JB
AF Vergopolan, Noemi
Fisher, Joshua B.
TI The impact of deforestation on the hydrological cycle in Amazonia as
observed from remote sensing
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ALGORITHM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REGIONAL CLIMATE;
WATER-BALANCE; DRY SEASON; BASIN; PRECIPITATION; MODIS; MODELS;
VARIABILITY
AB Given widespread Amazonian deforestation, numerous studies have focused on how the regional hydrological cycle - in terms of precipitation (P) recycling from evapotranspiration (ET) - is impacted by deforestation. Nevertheless, climate macroscale and mesoscale models have given contradictory results on changes in ET and P with deforestation. To date, these results have not been evaluated with observations, so in this work, we assessed a decade of patterns in ET and P over deforested and forest areas using remote sensing (MODIS and TRMM, 2000-2012). We found a relative increase in ET and P in deforested areas, though there was a positive ET and P correlation over southern/deforested, and negative in northern/forested Amazonia. Although the absolute ET and P values are lower in deforested areas in comparison to border areas, we observed a positive change in ET and P in the last 10 years at the deforested areas. The increase in ET was larger within the deforested areas; meanwhile, P increased more from inside forest areas to the borders, which agrees with the ET and P correlation patterns. Our results help to inform the debate between the macroscale and mesoscale models, as deforestation impacts small-scale circulation patterns, turbulence, and moisture fluxes and convergence, and expand our understanding of the processes involved.
C1 [Vergopolan, Noemi] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Environm Engn, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
[Vergopolan, Noemi] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Fisher, Joshua B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Vergopolan, N (reprint author), Univ Fed Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
EM noemi@princeton.edu
OI Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085
FU Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior [6250/12-2]
FX This work was supported by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal
de Nivel Superior [grant number 6250/12-2].
NR 60
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
EI 1366-5901
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PY 2016
VL 37
IS 22
BP 5412
EP 5430
DI 10.1080/01431161.2016.1232874
PG 19
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA DZ1WG
UT WOS:000385631700009
ER
PT S
AU Roback, VE
Amzajerdian, F
Bulyshev, AE
Brewster, PF
Barnes, BW
AF Roback, Vincent E.
Amzajerdian, Farzin
Bulyshev, Alexander E.
Brewster, Paul F.
Barnes, Bruce W.
BE Turner, MD
Kamerman, GW
TI 3D Flash Lidar Performance in Flight Testing on the Morpheus Autonomous,
Rocket-Propelled Lander to a Lunar-Like Hazard Field
SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XXI
CY APR 19-20, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE 3-D Imaging; Laser RADAR; ALHAT; Asteroid; Flash Lidar; Lunar Landing;
Mars; Morpheus; Precision Navigation; Safe Landing
AB For the first time, a 3-D imaging Flash Lidar instrument has been used in flight to scan a lunar-like hazard field, build a 3-D Digital Elevation Map (DEM), identify a safe landing site, and, in concert with an experimental Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GN&C) system, help to guide the Morpheus autonomous, rocket-propelled, free-flying lander to that safe site on the hazard field. The flight tests served as the TRL 6 demo of the Autonomous Precision Landing and Hazard Detection and Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) system and included launch from NASA-Kennedy, a lunar-like descent trajectory from an altitude of 250m, and landing on a lunar-like hazard field of rocks, craters, hazardous slopes, and safe sites 400m down-range. The ALHAT project developed a system capable of enabling safe, precise crewed or robotic landings in challenging terrain on planetary bodies under any ambient lighting conditions. The Flash Lidar is a second generation, compact, real-time, air-cooled instrument. Based upon extensive on-ground characterization at flight ranges, the Flash Lidar was shown to be capable of imaging hazards from a slant range of 1 km with an 8 cm range precision and a range accuracy better than 35 cm, both at 1-sigma. The Flash Lidar identified landing hazards as small as 30 cm from the maximum slant range which Morpheus could achieve (450 m); however, under certain wind conditions it was susceptible to scintillation arising from air heated by the rocket engine and to pre-triggering on a dust cloud created during launch and transported down-range by wind.
C1 [Roback, Vincent E.; Amzajerdian, Farzin; Brewster, Paul F.; Barnes, Bruce W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Bulyshev, Alexander E.] Analyt Mech Associates Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
RP Roback, VE (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0073-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9832
AR UNSP 983209
DI 10.1117/12.2223916
PG 20
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BF9PW
UT WOS:000385794300007
ER
PT S
AU Stysley, PR
Coyle, DB
Clarke, GB
Frese, E
Blalock, G
Morey, P
Kay, RB
Poulios, D
Hersh, M
AF Stysley, Paul R.
Coyle, D. Barry
Clarke, Greg B.
Frese, Erich
Blalock, Gordon
Morey, Peter
Kay, Richard B.
Poulios, Demetrios
Hersh, Michael
BE Turner, MD
Kamerman, GW
TI Laser Production for NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation
(GEDI) Lidar
SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XXI
CY APR 19-20, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Lidar; laser; oscillator; Nd:YAG; Q-switch; ISS
AB The Lasers and Electro-Optics Branch at Goddard Space Flight Center has been tasked with building the Lasers for the Global Ecosystems Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) Lidar Mission, to be installed on the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) on the International Space Station (ISS)(1). GEDI will use three NASA-developed lasers, each coupled with a Beam Dithering Unit (BDU) to produce three sets of staggered footprints on the Earth's surface to accurately measure global biomass. We will report on the design, assembly progress, test results, and delivery process of this laser system.
C1 [Stysley, Paul R.; Coyle, D. Barry; Clarke, Greg B.; Frese, Erich; Blalock, Gordon; Morey, Peter; Kay, Richard B.; Poulios, Demetrios; Hersh, Michael] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 554, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Stysley, PR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 554, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0073-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9832
AR UNSP 983207
DI 10.1117/12.2239889
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BF9PW
UT WOS:000385794300005
ER
PT S
AU Brockers, R
Fragoso, A
Matthies, L
AF Brockers, R.
Fragoso, A.
Matthies, L.
BE George, T
Dutta, AK
Islam, MS
TI Stereo Vision-based Obstacle Avoidance for Micro Air Vehicles using an
Egocylindrical Image Space Representation
SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and
Applications VIII
CY APR 17-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Micro air vehicles; obstacle avoidance; vision; egocylinder
ID NAVIGATION; ENVIRONMENTS
AB Micro air vehicles which operate autonomously at low altitude in cluttered environments require a method for on-board obstacle avoidance for safe operation. Previous methods deploy either purely reactive approaches, mapping low-level visual features directly to actuator inputs to maneuver the vehicle around the obstacle, or deliberative methods that use on-board 3-D sensors to create a 3-D, voxel-based world model, which is then used to generate collision free 3-D trajectories. In this paper, we use forward-looking stereo vision with a large horizontal and vertical field of view and project range from stereo into a novel robot-centered, cylindrical, inverse range map we call an egocylinder. With this implementation we reduce the complexity of our world representation from a 3D map to a 2.5D image-space representation, which supports very efficient motion planning and collision checking, and allows to implement configuration space expansion as an image processing function directly on the egocylinder. Deploying a fast reactive motion planner directly on the configuration space expanded egocylinder image, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this new approach experimentally in an indoor environment.
C1 [Brockers, R.; Matthies, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Fragoso, A.] CALTECH, Grad Aerosp Labs, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Brockers, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM brockers@jpl.nasa.gov; afragoso@caltech.edu; lhm@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0077-5
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9836
AR UNSP 98361R
DI 10.1117/12.2224695
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics
GA BF9OX
UT WOS:000385791900033
ER
PT S
AU Kennedy, R
Brockers, R
Weiss, S
AF Kennedy, Ryan
Brockers, Roland
Weiss, Stephan
BE George, T
Dutta, AK
Islam, MS
TI Fail-Safe Visual-Inertial Navigation for UAVs
SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and
Applications VIII
CY APR 17-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE optical flow; visual-inertial odometry; multi-sensor fusion; sensor
switching; on-board processing
AB In this paper, we propose a visual-inertial state estimation framework which is able to detect and mitigate failure modes to ensure best possible state estimation for platform control at all times. The main focus here is on the proposed sensor switching method which allows seamless switching between integration of pure inertial cues, the use of inertial-optical flow based velocity estimates, and the use of visual-inertial based position estimates for the control of an inherently unstable aerial vehicle. The switching mechanism automatically detects if a state estimator part is faulty and reduces the sensory input to the remaining, healthy, information streams. In addition, a re-initialization sequence is run for the faulty segment until the full system is recovered. With the additional capability of each segment for self-calibration, the system is both self-calibrating and self-healing. The full framework has been integrated on an embedded platform on-board a real 500g small aerial vehicle and run at 30Hz camera stream and 1kHz inertial readings for live demonstration.
C1 [Kennedy, Ryan; Brockers, Roland] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Comp Vis Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Weiss, Stephan] Alpen Adria Univ, Control Networked Syst, Klagenfurt, Austria.
RP Kennedy, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Comp Vis Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM kenryd@gmail.com; Roland.Brockers@jpl.nasa.gov; Stephan.Weiss@aau.at
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0077-5
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9836
AR UNSP 98361U
DI 10.1117/12.2225608
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics
GA BF9OX
UT WOS:000385791900036
ER
PT S
AU Perez, MR
AF Perez, Mario R.
BE George, T
Dutta, AK
Islam, MS
TI Technological challenges on the path to discovery in astrophysics
SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and
Applications VIII
CY APR 17-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Space technology; technology innovation and maturation; strategic
astrophysics technologies
AB Over the next decade, NASA's Astrophysics Division expects to undertake robotic or unmanned space flight missions that will explore the nature of the universe at its largest scales, its earliest moments, and its most extreme conditions. Current innovative and maturation technology programs are being conducted by NASA's Astrophysics Division to fill the technology gaps identified by the community. One of these efforts was to establish the Strategic Astrophysics Technology (SAT) program to support the maturation of key technologies. In this paper, these technology programs are described; in particular the SAT program will be presented describing the process to establish priorities, the technology management components, and the efforts to move these technologies into mission concepts and flight missions. The technology roadmap for a large mission concept such as ATLAST is presented as an example of the technology gaps derived and identified from these analyses, which could focus future efforts and investment priorities. Finally, the NASA preparation for the next decade, which will study and mature four large mission concepts, is briefly outlined.
C1 [Perez, Mario R.] NASA Headquarters, Div Astrophys, Sci Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
RP Perez, MR (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Div Astrophys, Sci Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
EM mario.perez@nasa.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0077-5
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9836
AR UNSP 983606
DI 10.1117/12.2225156
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics
GA BF9OX
UT WOS:000385791900006
ER
PT S
AU Rogers, LA
AF Rogers, Leslie A.
BE George, T
Dutta, AK
Islam, MS
TI Current Best Estimates of Planet Populations
SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and
Applications VIII
CY APR 17-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Exoplanets; Statistics; Planet Populations; Exoplanet Direct Imaging;
Eta-Earth; Space-Based Exoplanet Imaging Missions
ID SUN-LIKE STARS; SYNTHESIZING EXOPLANET DEMOGRAPHICS; PRECISION
RADIAL-VELOCITIES; SOUTHERN ULTRACOOL DWARFS; ORBITING M DWARFS;
SOLAR-TYPE STARS; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; DETERMINISTIC MODEL; GIANT
PLANETS; MASS-DISTRIBUTION
AB Exoplanets are revolutionizing planetary science by enabling statistical studies of a large number of planets. Empirical measurements of planet occurrence rates inform our understanding of the ubiquity and efficiency of planet formation, while the identification of sub-populations and trends in the distribution of observed exoplanet properties provides insights into the formation and evolution processes that are sculpting distant Solar Systems. In this paper, we review the current best estimates of planet populations. We focus in particular on eta(circle plus), the occurrence rate of habitable zone rocky planets, since this factor strongly influences the design of future space based exoplanet direct detection missions.
C1 [Rogers, Leslie A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, NASA, 501 Campbell Hall 3411, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Rogers, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, NASA, 501 Campbell Hall 3411, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM larogers@uchicago.edu
NR 72
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0077-5
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9836
AR UNSP 983602
DI 10.1117/12.2223920
PG 13
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics
GA BF9OX
UT WOS:000385791900002
ER
PT S
AU Spry, D
Neudeck, P
Chen, LY
Chang, C
Lukco, D
Beheim, G
AF Spry, David
Neudeck, Phil
Chen, Liangyu
Chang, Carl
Lukco, Dorothy
Beheim, Glenn
BE George, T
Dutta, AK
Islam, MS
TI Experimental Durability Testing of 4H SiC JFET Integrated Circuit
Technology at 727 degrees C
SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and
Applications VIII
CY APR 17-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE JFET; SiC; integrated circuits; interconnects; reliability; sensors
AB We have reported SiC integrated circuits (IC's) with two levels of metal interconnect that have demonstrated prolonged operation for thousands of hours at their intended peak ambient operational temperature of 500 degrees C [1, 2]. However, it is recognized that testing of semiconductor microelectronics at temperatures above their designed operating envelope is vital to qualification. Towards this end, we previously reported operation of a 4H-SiC JFET IC ring oscillator on an initial fast thermal ramp test through 727 degrees C [3]. However, this thermal ramp was not ended until a peak temperature of 880 degrees C (well beyond failure) was attained. Further experiments are necessary to better understand failure mechanisms and upper temperature limit of this extreme-temperature capable 4H-SiC IC technology.
Here we report on additional experimental testing of custom-packaged 4H-SiC JFET IC devices at temperatures above 500 degrees C. In one test, the temperature was ramped and then held at 727 degrees C, and the devices were periodically measured until electrical failure was observed. A 4H-SiC JFET on this chip electrically functioned with little change for around 25 hours at 727 degrees C before rapid increases in device resistance caused failure. In a second test, devices from our next generation 4H-SiC JFET ICs were ramped up and then held at 700 degrees C (which is below the maximum deposition temperature of the dielectrics). Three ring oscillators functioned for 8 hours at this temperature before degradation. In a third experiment, an alternative die attach of gold paste and package lid were used, and logic circuit operation was demonstrated for 143.5 hours at 700 degrees C.
C1 [Spry, David; Neudeck, Phil; Beheim, Glenn] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Chen, Liangyu] NASA Glenn, OAI, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH USA.
[Chang, Carl; Lukco, Dorothy] NASA Glenn, Vantage Partners LLC, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH USA.
RP Spry, D (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0077-5
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9836
AR UNSP 98360N
DI 10.1117/12.2232926
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics
GA BF9OX
UT WOS:000385791900014
ER
PT S
AU Tang, A
AF Tang, Adrian
BE George, T
Dutta, AK
Islam, MS
TI System Level Challenges of THz and mm-Wave Imaging Systems
SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and
Applications VIII
CY APR 17-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE millimeter-wave imaging; THz imaging; active imaging; passive imaging
AB While THz and mm-wave imaging systems provide an interesting avenue for stand-off detection of concealed weapons and other threats without the need for ionizing radiation, there are many physical and technical obstacles which still prevent these systems from becoming commercially practical. This paper introduces the major issues for active and passive imaging including background masking, specular responses, and thermal equalization. Secondly, the paper discusses the prospects of radar imaging, and tradeoffs between system parameters such as transmit power, receiver sensitivity and phase noise, and how these parameters affect corresponding physical behavior including aperture size, resolution, penetration, and stand-off distance.
C1 [Tang, Adrian] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA.
[Tang, Adrian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Tang, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA.; Tang, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0077-5
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9836
AR UNSP 98362R
DI 10.1117/12.2216567
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics
GA BF9OX
UT WOS:000385791900056
ER
PT S
AU Barlis, A
Aguirre, J
Stevenson, T
AF Barlis, Alyssa
Aguirre, James
Stevenson, Thomas
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Kinetic inductance detectors for far-infrared spectroscopy
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Kinetic inductance detector; applied superconductivity; detector
fabrication
ID ARRAYS
AB The star formation mechanisms at work in the early universe remain one of the major unsolved problems of modern astrophysics. Many of the luminous galaxies present during the period of peak star formation (between redshifts 1 and 3) were heavily enshrouded in dust, which makes observing their properties difficult at optical wavelengths. However, many spectral lines exist at far-infrared wavelengths that serve as tracers of star formation during that period, in particular fine structure lines of nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen, as well as the carbon monoxide molecule. Using an observation technique known as intensity mapping, it would be possible to observe the total line intensity for a given redshift range even without detecting individual sources. Here, we describe a detector system suitable for a balloon borne spectroscopic intensity mapping experiment at far-infrared wavelengths. The experiment requires an "integral field" type spectrograph, with modest spectral resolution (R-100) for each of a number of spatial pixels spanning several octaves in wavelength. The detector system uses lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs), which have the potential to achieve the high sensitivity, low noise, and high multiplexing factor required for this experiment. We detail the design requirements and considerations, and the fabrication process for a prototype LEKID array of 1600 pixels. The pixel design is driven by the need for high responsivity, which requires a small physical volume for the LEKID inductor. In order to minimize two-level system noise, the resonators include large-area interdigitated capacitors. High quality factor resonances are required for a large frequency multiplexing factor. Detectors were fabricated using both trilayer TiN/Ti/TiN recipes and thin-film Al, and are operated at base temperatures near 250 mK.
C1 [Barlis, Alyssa; Aguirre, James] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Stevenson, Thomas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Detector Syst Branch, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Barlis, A (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
EM abarlis@physics.upenn.edu
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99142F
DI 10.1117/12.2234720
PN 1
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800059
ER
PT S
AU Barrentine, EM
Cataldo, G
Brown, AD
Ehsan, N
Noroozian, O
Stevenson, TR
U-Pen, K
Wollack, EJ
Moseley, SH
AF Barrentine, Emily M.
Cataldo, Giuseppe
Brown, Ari D.
Ehsan, Negar
Noroozian, Omid
Stevenson, Thomas R.
U-Pen, Kongpop
Wollack, Edward J.
Moseley, S. Harvey
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Design and Performance of A High Resolution mu-Spec: An Integrated
Sub-millimeter Spectrometer
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Far-infrared; submillimeter; spectrometer; superconducting transmission
line; Kinetic Inductance Detectors
ID ON-CHIP; SILICON; ARRAYS; SUPERSPEC
AB mu-Spec is a compact submillimeter (similar to 100 GHz-1.1 THz) spectrometer which uses low loss superconducting microstrip transmission lines and a single-crystal silicon dielectric to integrate all of the components of a diffraction grating spectrometer onto a single chip. We have already successfully evaluated the performance of a prototype mu-Spec, with spectral resolving power, R=64. Here we present our progress towards developing a higher resolution mu-Spec, which would enable the first science returns in a balloon flight version of this instrument. We describe modifications to the design in scaling from a R=64 to a R=256 instrument, as well as the ultimate performance limits and design concerns when scaling this instrument to higher resolutions.
C1 [Barrentine, Emily M.; Cataldo, Giuseppe; Brown, Ari D.; Ehsan, Negar; Noroozian, Omid; Stevenson, Thomas R.; U-Pen, Kongpop; Wollack, Edward J.; Moseley, S. Harvey] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Cataldo, Giuseppe] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA.
[Noroozian, Omid] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Barrentine, EM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM emily.m.barrentine@nasa.gov
RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012
OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451
NR 35
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99143O
DI 10.1117/12.2234462
PN 1
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800092
ER
PT S
AU Cataldo, G
Wollack, EJ
AF Cataldo, Giuseppe
Wollack, Edward J.
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Submillimeter and far-infrared dielectric properties of thin films
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Materials characterization; optical properties; dielectric function;
thin films; infrared and submillimeter
ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FREQUENCY-DEPENDENCE; ABSORPTION; DISPERSION;
SPECTRA; SHAPE; RELAXATION; METALS; LINES; GLASS
AB The complex dielectric function enables the study of a material's refractive and absorptive properties and provides information on a material's potential for practical application. Commonly employed line shape profile functions from the literature are briefly surveyed and their suitability for representation of dielectric material properties are discussed. An analysis approach to derive a material's complex dielectric function from observed transmittance spectra in the far-infrared and submillimeter regimes is presented. The underlying model employed satisfies the requirements set by the Kramers-Kronig relations. The dielectric function parameters derived from this approach typically reproduce the observed transmittance spectra with an accuracy of < 4%.
C1 [Cataldo, Giuseppe; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Cataldo, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM giuseppe.cataldo@nasa.gov; edward.j.wollack@nasa.gov
RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012
OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451
NR 38
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99142W
DI 10.1117/12.2232648
PN 1
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800072
ER
PT S
AU Crowley, KT
Choi, SK
Kuan, J
Austermann, JE
Beall, JA
Datta, R
Duff, SM
Gallardo, PA
Hasselfield, M
Henderson, SW
Ho, SPP
Koopman, BJ
Niemack, MD
Salatino, M
Simon, SM
Staggs, ST
Wollack, EJ
AF Crowley, Kevin T.
Choi, Steve K.
Kuan, Jeffrey
Austermann, Jason E.
Beall, James A.
Datta, Rahul
Duff, Shannon M.
Gallardo, Patricio A.
Hasselfield, Matthew
Henderson, Shawn W.
Ho, Shuay-Pwu P.
Koopman, Brian J.
Niemack, Michael D.
Salatino, Maria
Simon, Sara M.
Staggs, Suzanne T.
Wollack, Edward J.
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Characterization of AlMn TES Impedance, Noise, and Optical Efficiency in
the First 150 mm Multichroic Array for Advanced ACTPol
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Transition edge sensors; bolometers; CMB; electrothermal model
ID ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE; POLARIMETER ARRAY
AB The Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) upgrade to the Atacama Cosmology Telescope features large arrays of multichroic pixels consisting of two orthogonal-polarization pairs of superconducting bolometers at two observing frequency bands. We present measurements of the detector properties and noise data in a subset of a fielded multichroic array of AlMn transition-edge sensor (TES) detectors. In this array, the distribution of critical temperature T-c across detectors appears uniform at the percent level. The measured noise-equivalent power (NEP) distributions over similar to 1200 detectors are consistent with expectations. We find median NEPs of 4.0x10(-17) W/root Hz for low-band detectors and 6.2x10(-17) W/root Hz for high-band detectors under covered-window telescope test conditions with optical loading comparable to observing with precipitable water vapor similar to 0.5 mm. Lastly, we show the estimated detector optical efficiency, and demonstrate the ability to perform optical characterization over hundreds of detectors at once using a cryogenic blackbody source.
C1 [Crowley, Kevin T.; Choi, Steve K.; Kuan, Jeffrey; Ho, Shuay-Pwu P.; Salatino, Maria; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Austermann, Jason E.; Beall, James A.; Duff, Shannon M.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, 325 Broadway Mailcode 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Datta, Rahul; Simon, Sara M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA.
[Hasselfield, Matthew] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Gallardo, Patricio A.; Henderson, Shawn W.; Koopman, Brian J.; Niemack, Michael D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Wollack, Edward J.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Crowley, KT; Choi, SK (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM ktc2@princeton.edu; khc@princeton.edu
RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012
OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 991431
DI 10.1117/12.2231999
PN 1
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800076
ER
PT S
AU Fixsen, DJ
Chuss, DT
Kogut, A
Mirel, P
Wollack, EJ
AF Fixsen, D. J.
Chuss, D. T.
Kogut, Alan
Mirel, Paul
Wollack, E. J.
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI The Calibration of PIXIE
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE polarimeter; cosmic microwave background; bolometer; FTS
ID FIRAS; SPECTRUM
AB The FIRAS instrument demonstrated the use of an external calibrator to compare the sky to an instrumented blackbody. The PIXIE calibrator is improved from -35 dB to -65 dB. Another significant improvement is the ability to insert the calibrator into either input of the FTS. This allows detection and correction of additional errors, reduces the effective calibration noise by a factor of 2, eliminates an entire class of systematics and allows continuous observations. This paper presents the design and use of the PIXIE calibrator.
C1 [Fixsen, D. J.; Kogut, Alan; Mirel, Paul; Wollack, E. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Chuss, D. T.] Villanova Univ, Villanova, PA 19085 USA.
[Fixsen, D. J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Fixsen, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM dale.j.fixsen@nasa.gov
RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012
OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 991439
DI 10.1117/12.2232836
PN 1
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800081
ER
PT S
AU Fixsen, DJ
Kohut, A
Hill, RS
Nagler, PC
Seals, LT
Howard, JM
AF Fixsen, D. J.
Kohut, Alan
Hill, Robert S.
Nagler, Peter C.
Seals, Lenward T., III
Howard, Joseph M.
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Dealing with Beam Structure in PIXIE
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE polarimeter; cosmic microwave background; bolometer; FTS
ID TEMPERATURE
AB Measuring the B-mode polarization of the CMB radiation requires a detailed understanding of the projection of the detector onto the sky. We show how the combination of scan strategy and processing generates a cylindrical beam for the spectrum measurement. Both the instrumental design and the scan strategy reduce the cross coupling between the temperature variations and the B-modes. As with other polarization measurements some post processing may be required to eliminate residual errors.
C1 [Fixsen, D. J.; Kohut, Alan; Hill, Robert S.; Nagler, Peter C.; Seals, Lenward T., III; Howard, Joseph M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Fixsen, D. J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Fixsen, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD USA.; Fixsen, DJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM dale.j.fixsen@nasa.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99141B
DI 10.1117/12.2232717
PN 1
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800030
ER
PT S
AU Fluxa, P
Dunner, R
Maurin, L
Choi, SK
Devlin, MJ
Gallardo, PA
Ho, SPP
Koopman, BJ
Louis, T
McMahon, JJ
Nati, F
Niemack, MD
Newburgh, L
Page, LA
Salatino, M
Schillaci, A
Schmitt, BL
Simon, SM
Staggs, ST
Wollack, EJ
AF Fluxa R, Pedro
Dunner, Rolando
Maurin, Loic
Choi, Steve K.
Devlin, Mark J.
Gallardo, Patricio A.
Ho, Shuay-Pwu P.
Koopman, Brian J.
Louis, Thibaut
McMahon, Jeffrey J.
Nati, Federico
Niemack, Michael D.
Newburgh, Laura
Page, Lyman A.
Salatino, Maria
Schillaci, Alessandro
Schmitt, Benjamin L.
Simon, Sara M.
Staggs, Suzanne T.
Wollack, Edward J.
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Far sidelobe effects from panel gaps of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Cosmology; Cosmic Microwave Background; Polarization; B-modes; Optical
Simulations; Farsidelobes; Diffraction; Electromagnetic simulations
ID BEAM PROFILES
AB The Atacama Cosmology Telescope is a 6 meter diameter CMB telescope located at 5200 meters in the Chilean desert. ACT has made arc-minute scale maps of the sky at 90 and 150 GHz which have led to precise measurements of the fine angular power spectrum of the CMB fluctuations in temperature and polarization. One of the goals of ACT is to search for the B-mode polarization signal from primordial gravity waves, and thus extending ACT's data analysis to larger angular scales. This goal introduces new challenges in the control of systematic effects, including better understanding of far sidelobe effects that might enter the power spectrum at degree angular scales. Here we study the effects of the gaps between panels of the ACT primary and secondary reflectors in the worst case scenario in which the gaps remain open. We produced numerical simulations of the optics using GRASP up to 8 degrees away from the main beam and simulated timestreams for observations with this beam using real pointing information from ACT data. Maps from these simulated timestreams showed leakage from the sidelobes, indicating that this effect must be taken into consideration at large angular scales.
C1 [Fluxa R, Pedro; Dunner, Rolando; Maurin, Loic; Schillaci, Alessandro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Astrofis, Av Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
[Fluxa R, Pedro; Dunner, Rolando; Maurin, Loic; Schillaci, Alessandro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Astroingn, Fac Fis, Av Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
[Choi, Steve K.; Ho, Shuay-Pwu P.; Page, Lyman A.; Salatino, Maria; Simon, Sara M.; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Devlin, Mark J.; Nati, Federico; Schmitt, Benjamin L.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 South 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Gallardo, Patricio A.; Koopman, Brian J.; Niemack, Michael D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Louis, Thibaut] Univ Oxford, Subdept Astrophys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England.
[McMahon, Jeffrey J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Newburgh, Laura] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada.
[Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Fluxa, P (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Astrofis, Av Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.; Fluxa, P (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Astroingn, Fac Fis, Av Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
EM pafluxa@astro.puc.cl; rdunner@astro.puc.cl
RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012
OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99142Q
DI 10.1117/12.2231421
PN 1
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800066
ER
PT S
AU Fyhrie, A
McKenney, C
Glenn, J
LeDuc, HG
Gao, JS
Day, P
Zmuidzinas, J
AF Fyhrie, Adalyn
McKenney, Christopher
Glenn, Jason
LeDuc, Henry G.
Gao, Jiansong
Day, Peter
Zmuidzinas, Jonas
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Responsivity Boosting in FIR TiN LEKIDs Using Phonon Recycling:
Simulations and Array Design
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE kinetic inductance detector; phonon; far-infrared; simulation
ID CRYSTAL
AB To characterize further the cosmic star formation history at high redshifts, a large-area survey by a cryogenic 5 meter class telescope with a focal plane populated by tens to hundreds of thousands of far-infrared (FIR, 30300 pm) detectors with broadband detector noise equivalent powers (NEPs) on the order of 3x 10(-19) W/VHz is needed. Ideal detectors for such a surveyor do not yet exist. As a demonstration of one technique for approaching the ultra-low NEPs required by this surveyor, we present the design of an array of 96 350 pm KIDs that utilize phonon recycling to boost responsivity. Our KID array is fabricated with TiN deposited on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer, which is a 2 pm thick layer of silicon bonded to a thicker silicon wafer by a thin oxide layer. The thick silicon is etched away underneath the absorbers so that the inductors are suspended on just the 2 pm membrane. The intent is that quasiparticle recombination phonons are trapped in the thin membrane, thereby increasing their likelihood of being re-absorbed by the KID to break additional Cooper pairs and boost responsivity. We also present a Monte-Carlo simulation that predicts the amount of signal boost expected from phonon recycling given flexible detector geometries and illumination strategies. For our initial array geometry, the simulation predicts a small but likely measurable 50% boost in responsivity.
C1 [Fyhrie, Adalyn; Glenn, Jason] Univ Colorado, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[McKenney, Christopher; Gao, Jiansong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA.
[LeDuc, Henry G.; Day, Peter] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Dr, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Zmuidzinas, Jonas] Calif Polytech Inst, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Fyhrie, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM adfy9371@colorado.edu
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99142B
DI 10.1117/12.2231476
PN 1
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800057
ER
PT S
AU Gandilo, NN
Ade, PAR
Benford, D
Bennett, CL
Chuss, DT
Dotson, JL
Eimer, JR
Fixsen, DJ
Halpern, M
Hilton, G
Hinshaw, GF
Irwin, K
Jhabvala, C
Kimball, M
Kogut, A
Lowe, L
McMahon, JJ
Miller, TM
Mirel, P
Moseley, SH
Pawlyk, S
Rodriguez, S
Sharp, E
Shirron, P
Staguhn, JG
Sullivan, DF
Switzer, ER
Taraschi, P
Tucker, CE
Wollack, EJ
AF Gandilo, Natalie N.
Ade, Peter A. R.
Benford, Dominic
Bennett, Charles L.
Chuss, David T.
Dotson, Jessie L.
Eimer, Joseph R.
Fixsen, Dale J.
Halpern, Mark
Hilton, Gene
Hinshaw, Gary F.
Irwin, Kent
Jhabvala, Christine
Kimball, Mark
Kogut, Alan
Lowe, Luke
McMahon, Jeff J.
Miller, Timothy M.
Mirel, Paul
Moseley, S. Harvey
Pawlyk, Samuel
Rodriguez, Samelys
Sharp, Elmer, III
Shirron, Peter
Staguhn, Johannes G.
Sullivan, Dan F.
Switzer, Eric R.
Taraschi, Peter
Tucker, Carole E.
Wollack, Edward J.
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER)
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE polarimeter; cosmic microwave background; bolometer
ID MILLIMETER
AB The Primordial Inflation Polarization ExploreR (PIPER) is a balloon-borne telescope designed to measure the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background on large angular scales. PIPER will map 85% of the sky at 200, 270, 350, and 600 GHz over a series of 8 conventional balloon flights from the northern and southern hemispheres. The first science flight will use two 32 x 40 arrays of backshort-under-grid transition edge sensors, multiplexed in the time domain, and maintained at 100 mK by a Continuous Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator. Frontend cryogenic Variable-delay Polarization Modulators provide systematic control by rotating linear to circular polarization at 3 Hz. Twin telescopes allow PIPER to measure Stokes I, Q, U, and V simultaneously. The telescope is maintained at 1.5 K in an LHe bucket dewar. Cold optics and the lack of a warm window permit sensitivity at the sky-background limit. The ultimate science target is a limit on the tensor-to-scalar ratio of r similar to 0.007, from the reionization bump to l similar to 300. PIPER's first flight will be from the Northern hemisphere, and overlap with the CLASS survey at lower frequencies. We describe the current status of the PIPER instrument.
C1 [Gandilo, Natalie N.; Bennett, Charles L.; Eimer, Joseph R.; Staguhn, Johannes G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Gandilo, Natalie N.; Benford, Dominic; Fixsen, Dale J.; Jhabvala, Christine; Kogut, Alan; Lowe, Luke; Miller, Timothy M.; Mirel, Paul; Moseley, S. Harvey; Pawlyk, Samuel; Rodriguez, Samelys; Sharp, Elmer, III; Staguhn, Johannes G.; Switzer, Eric R.; Taraschi, Peter; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Ade, Peter A. R.; Tucker, Carole E.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales.
[Chuss, David T.] Villanova Univ, Villanova, PA 19085 USA.
[Dotson, Jessie L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Fixsen, Dale J.; Pawlyk, Samuel] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Halpern, Mark; Hinshaw, Gary F.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[Hilton, Gene] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
[Irwin, Kent] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Kimball, Mark; Shirron, Peter; Sullivan, Dan F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 552, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Lowe, Luke; Mirel, Paul; Taraschi, Peter] Wyle STE, Houston, TX USA.
[McMahon, Jeff J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Rodriguez, Samelys] MADNET Syst Inc, Bethesda, MD USA.
RP Gandilo, NN (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.; Gandilo, NN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM natalie.n.gandilo@nasa.gov
RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012
OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99141J
DI 10.1117/12.2231109
PN 1
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800037
ER
PT S
AU Glenn, J
Fyhrie, A
Wheeler, J
Day, PK
Eom, BH
Leduc, HG
AF Glenn, Jason
Fyhrie, Adalyn
Wheeler, Jordan
Day, Peter K.
Eom, Byeong Ho
Leduc, Henry G.
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Low-volume aluminum and aluminum/titanium nitride bilayer lumped-element
kinetic inductance detectors for far-infrared astronomy
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE kinetic inductance detectors; far infrared
ID CLERK-MAXWELL-TELESCOPE; BOLOMETER CAMERA; SPACE-TELESCOPE; FACILITY;
ARRAY
AB We present the design and characterization of low-volume, lumped-element aluminum kinetic inductance detectors for sensitive far-infrared astronomy observations. The lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors are comprised of meandered inductors that serve as radiation absorbers in parallel with interdigitated capacitors, forming high quality factor resonators. Low inductor volumes lead to low noise equivalent powers by raising quasiparticles densities, and hence responsivities, with respect to larger volumes. Low volumes are achieved with thin (20 nm), narrow (150 nm) inductors. The interdigitated capacitor architecture is designed to mitigate two-level system noise by lowering electric fields in the silicon substrate. Resonance frequencies are in the range of 190 to 500 MHz, with measured internal quality factors in excess of 1 x 10(5). In a prior incarnation, a titanium nitride layer on top of the aluminum served as a protective layer, but complicated the superconducting properties. These results were reported previously. In the current incarnation, the aluminum layer is left bare with no titanium nitride over-layer. The results for these bare aluminum devices include a yield of 88%, frequency responsivity of 109 W-1, and noise equivalent power of 1 x 10(-17) W Hz-1/2 for a 350 pm array. There is no evidence for 1/f noise down to at least 200 mHz. The sensitivity is currently limited by white noise, very likely from stray light in the testbed; for this detector design, sensitivities limited by generation-recombination noise in a lower-background environment should be several orders of magnitude lower.
C1 [Glenn, Jason; Fyhrie, Adalyn; Wheeler, Jordan] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Day, Peter K.; Eom, Byeong Ho; Leduc, Henry G.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Glenn, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM jason.glenn@colorado.edu
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99140Z
DI 10.1117/12.2233649
PN 1
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800022
ER
PT S
AU Grayson, JA
Ade, PAR
Ahmed, Z
Alexander, KD
Amiri, M
Barkats, D
Benton, SJ
Bischoff, CA
Bock, JJ
Boenish, H
Bowens-Rubin, R
Buder, I
Bullock, E
Buza, V
Connors, J
Filippini, JP
Fliescher, S
Halpern, M
Harrison, S
Hilton, GC
Hristov, VV
Hui, H
Irwin, KD
Kang, J
Karkare, KS
Karpel, E
Kefeli, S
Kernasovskiy, SA
Kovac, JM
Kuo, CL
Leitch, EM
Lueker, M
Megerian, KG
Monticue, V
Namikawa, T
Netterfield, CB
Nguyen, HT
O'Brient, R
Ogburn, RW
Pryke, C
Reintsema, CD
Richter, S
Schwarz, R
Sorensen, C
Sheehy, CD
Staniszewski, ZK
Steinbach, B
Teply, GP
Thompson, KL
Tolan, JE
Tucker, C
Turner, AD
Vieregg, AG
Wandui, A
Weber, AC
Wiebe, DV
Willmert, J
Wu, WLK
Yoon, KW
AF Grayson, J. A.
Ade, P. A. R.
Ahmed, Z.
Alexander, K. D.
Amiri, M.
Barkats, D.
Benton, S. J.
Bischoff, C. A.
Bock, J. J.
Boenish, H.
Bowens-Rubin, R.
Buder, I.
Bullock, E.
Buza, V.
Connors, J.
Filippini, J. P.
Fliescher, S.
Halpern, M.
Harrison, S.
Hilton, G. C.
Hristov, V. V.
Hui, H.
Irwin, K. D.
Kang, J.
Karkare, K. S.
Karpel, E.
Kefeli, S.
Kernasovskiy, S. A.
Kovac, J. M.
Kuo, C. L.
Leitch, E. M.
Lueker, M.
Megerian, K. G.
Monticue, V.
Namikawa, T.
Netterfield, C. B.
Nguyen, H. T.
O'Brient, R.
Ogburn, R. W.
Pryke, C.
Reintsema, C. D.
Richter, S.
Schwarz, R.
Sorensen, C.
Sheehy, C. D.
Staniszewski, Z. K.
Steinbach, B.
Teply, G. P.
Thompson, K. L.
Tolan, J. E.
Tucker, C.
Turner, A. D.
Vieregg, A. G.
Wandui, A.
Weber, A. C.
Wiebe, D. V.
Willmert, J.
Wu, W. L. K.
Yoon, K. W.
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI BICEP3 performance overview and planned Keck Array upgrade
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Cosmic Microwave Background; Inflation; Gravitational Waves;
Polarization; BICEP; Keck Array
ID B-MODE POLARIZATION; BOLOMETERS
AB BICEP3 is a 520mm aperture, compact two-lens refractor designed to observe the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at 95 GHz. Its focal plane consists of modularized tiles of antenna-coupled transition edge sensors (TESs), similar to those used in BICEP2 and the Keck Array. The increased per-receiver optical throughput compared to BICEP2/Keck Array, due to both its faster f/1.7 optics and the larger aperture, more than doubles the combined mapping speed of the BICEP/Keck program. The BICEP3 receiver was recently upgraded to a full complement of 20 tiles of detectors (2560 TESs) and is now beginning its second year of observation (and first science season) at the South Pole. We report on its current performance and observing plans. Given its high per-receiver throughput while maintaining the advantages of a compact design, BICEP3-class receivers are ideally suited as building blocks for a 3rd-generation CMB experiment, consisting of multiple receivers spanning 35 GHz to 270 GHz with total detector count in the tens of thousands. We present plans for such an array, the new "BICEP Array" that will replace the Keck Array at the South Pole, including design optimization, frequency coverage, and deployment/observing strategies.
C1 [Grayson, J. A.; Ahmed, Z.; Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J.; Karpel, E.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Monticue, V.; Namikawa, T.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Tolan, J. E.; Wandui, A.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Grayson, J. A.; Ahmed, Z.; Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J.; Karpel, E.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Monticue, V.; Namikawa, T.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Tolan, J. E.; Wandui, A.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yoon, K. W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Ade, P. A. R.; Halpern, M.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales.
[Alexander, K. D.; Barkats, D.; Bischoff, C. A.; Boenish, H.; Bowens-Rubin, R.; Buder, I.; Buza, V.; Connors, J.; Harrison, S.; Karkare, K. S.; Kovac, J. M.; Richter, S.; Sorensen, C.; Vieregg, A. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Amiri, M.; Wiebe, D. V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
[Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
[Benton, S. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Bock, J. J.; Filippini, J. P.; Hristov, V. V.; Hui, H.; Kefeli, S.; Lueker, M.; O'Brient, R.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Steinbach, B.; Teply, G. P.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Bock, J. J.; Megerian, K. G.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Turner, A. D.; Weber, A. C.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Bullock, E.; Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Buza, V.; Kovac, J. M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Filippini, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Filippini, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Fliescher, S.; Pryke, C.; Schwarz, R.; Sheehy, C. D.; Willmert, J.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Leitch, E. M.; Sheehy, C. D.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Netterfield, C. B.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada.
[Teply, G. P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Wu, W. L. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Grayson, JA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.; Grayson, JA (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM jgrayson@stanford.edu
OI Karkare, Kirit/0000-0002-5215-6993; Namikawa,
Toshiya/0000-0003-3070-9240
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99140S
DI 10.1117/12.2233894
PN 1
PG 17
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800017
ER
PT S
AU Harrington, K
Marriage, T
Ali, A
Appel, JW
Bennett, CL
Boone, F
Brewer, M
Chan, MW
Chuss, DT
Colazo, F
Dahal, S
Denis, K
Dunner, R
Eimer, J
Essinger-Hileman, T
Fluxa, P
Halpern, M
Hilton, G
Hinshaw, GF
Hubmayr, J
Iuliano, J
Karakla, J
McMahon, J
Miller, NT
Moseley, SH
Palma, G
Parker, L
Petroff, M
Pradenas, B
Rostem, K
Sagliocca, M
Valle, D
Watts, D
Wollack, E
Xu, ZL
Zeng, LZ
AF Harrington, Kathleen
Marriage, Tobias
Ali, Aamir
Appel, John W.
Bennett, Charles L.
Boone, Fletcher
Brewer, Michael
Chan, Manwei
Chuss, David T.
Colazo, Felipe
Dahal, Sumit
Denis, Kevin
Dunner, Rolando
Eimer, Joseph
Essinger-Hileman, Thomas
Fluxa, Pedro
Halpern, Mark
Hilton, Gene
Hinshaw, Gary F.
Hubmayr, Johannes
Iuliano, Jeffery
Karakla, John
McMahon, Jeff
Miller, Nathan T.
Moseley, Samuel H.
Palma, Gonzalo
Parker, Lucas
Petroff, Matthew
Pradenas, Bastian
Rostem, Karwan
Sagliocca, Marco
Valle, Deniz
Watts, Duncan
Wollack, Edward
Xu, Zhilei
Zeng, Lingzhen
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; B-MODE POLARIZATION; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND
POLARIMETRY; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; FLATNESS; HORIZON
AB The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) is a four telescope array designed to characterize relic primordial gravitational waves from inflation and the optical depth to reionization through a measurement of the polarized cosmic microwave background (CMB) on the largest angular scales. The frequencies of the four CLASS telescopes, one at 38 GHz, two at 93 GHz, and one dichroic system at 145/217 GHz, are chosen to avoid spectral regions of high atmospheric emission and span the minimum of the polarized Galactic foregrounds: synchrotron emission at lower frequencies and dust emission at higher frequencies. Low-noise transition edge sensor detectors and a rapid front-end polarization modulator provide a unique combination of high sensitivity, stability, and control of systematics. The CLASS site, at 5200 m in the Chilean Atacama desert, allows for daily mapping of up to 70% of the sky and enables the characterization of CMB polarization at the largest angular scales. Using this combination of a broad frequency range, large sky coverage, control over systematics, and high sensitivity, CLASS will observe the reionization and recombination peaks of the CMB E- and B-mode power spectra. CLASS will make a cosmic variance limited measurement of the optical depth to reionization and will measure or place upper limits on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, down to a level of 0.01 (95% C.L.).
C1 [Harrington, Kathleen; Marriage, Tobias; Ali, Aamir; Appel, John W.; Bennett, Charles L.; Brewer, Michael; Chan, Manwei; Dahal, Sumit; Eimer, Joseph; Essinger-Hileman, Thomas; Iuliano, Jeffery; Karakla, John; Miller, Nathan T.; Parker, Lucas; Petroff, Matthew; Rostem, Karwan; Valle, Deniz; Watts, Duncan; Xu, Zhilei] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Halpern, Mark; Hinshaw, Gary F.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[Colazo, Felipe; Denis, Kevin; Miller, Nathan T.; Moseley, Samuel H.; Rostem, Karwan; Wollack, Edward] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 660, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Chuss, David T.; Sagliocca, Marco] Villanova Univ, Dept Phys, Villanova, PA 19085 USA.
[Boone, Fletcher; McMahon, Jeff] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Dunner, Rolando; Fluxa, Pedro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Astrofis, Fac Fis, Ave Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
[Dunner, Rolando; Fluxa, Pedro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Astroingn, Fac Fis, Ave Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
[Hilton, Gene; Hubmayr, Johannes] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Zeng, Lingzhen] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Palma, Gonzalo; Pradenas, Bastian] Univ Chile, Dept Phys, FCFM, Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago, Chile.
RP Harrington, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
EM kharrington@jhu.edu
RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012
OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451
NR 40
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99141K
DI 10.1117/12.2233125
PN 1
PG 21
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800038
ER
PT S
AU Hui, H
Ade, PAR
Ahmed, Z
Alexander, KD
Amiri, M
Barkats, D
Benton, SJ
Bischoff, CA
Bock, JJ
Boenish, H
Bowens-Rubin, R
Buder, I
Bullock, E
Buza, V
Connors, J
Filippini, JP
Fliescher, S
Grayson, JA
Halpern, M
Harrison, S
Hilton, GC
Hristov, VV
Irwin, KD
Kang, J
Karkare, KS
Karpel, E
Kefeli, S
Kernasovskiy, SA
Kovac, JM
Kuo, CL
Leitch, EM
Lueker, M
Megerian, KG
Monticue, V
Namikawa, T
Netterfield, CB
Nguyen, T
O'Brient, R
Ogburn, RW
Pryke, C
Reintsema, CD
Richter, S
Schwarz, R
Sorensen, C
Sheehy, CD
Staniszewski, ZK
Steinbach, B
Teply, GP
Thompson, KL
Tolan, JE
Tucker, C
Turner, AD
Vieregg, AG
Wandui, A
Weber, AC
Wiebe, DV
Willmert, J
Wu, WLK
Yoon, KW
AF Hui, H.
Ade, P. A. R.
Ahmed, Z.
Alexander, K. D.
Amiri, M.
Barkats, D.
Benton, S. J.
Bischoff, C. A.
Bock, J. J.
Boenish, H.
Bowens-Rubin, R.
Buder, I.
Bullock, E.
Buza, V.
Connors, J.
Filippini, J. P.
Fliescher, S.
Grayson, J. A.
Halpern, M.
Harrison, S.
Hilton, G. C.
Hristov, V. V.
Irwin, K. D.
Kang, J.
Karkare, K. S.
Karpel, E.
Kefeli, S.
Kernasovskiy, S. A.
Kovac, J. M.
Kuo, C. L.
Leitch, E. M.
Lueker, M.
Megerian, K. G.
Monticue, V.
Namikawa, T.
Netterfield, C. B.
Nguyen, T.
O'Brient, R.
Ogburn, R. W.
Pryke, C.
Reintsema, C. D.
Richter, S.
Schwarz, R.
Sorensen, C.
Sheehy, C. D.
Staniszewski, Z. K.
Steinbach, B.
Teply, G. P.
Thompson, K. L.
Tolan, J. E.
Tucker, C.
Turner, A. D.
Vieregg, A. G.
Wandui, A.
Weber, A. C.
Wiebe, D. V.
Willmert, J.
Wu, W. L. K.
Yoon, K. W.
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI BICEP3 focal plane design and detector performance
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Cosmic Microwave Background; BICEP; Keck Array; Polarization
ID BOLOMETERS
AB BICEP3, the latest telescope in the BICEP/Keck program, started science observations in March 2016. It is a 550mm aperture refractive telescope observing the polarization of the cosmic microwave background at 95 GHz. We show the focal plane design and detector performance, including spectral response, optical efficiency and preliminary sensitivity of the upgraded BICEP3. We demonstrate 9.72 mu K-CMB root s noise performance of the BICEP3 receiver.
C1 [Hui, H.; Bock, J. J.; Filippini, J. P.; Hristov, V. V.; Kefeli, S.; Lueker, M.; O'Brient, R.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Steinbach, B.; Teply, G. P.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales.
[Ahmed, Z.; Grayson, J. A.; Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J.; Karpel, E.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Monticue, V.; Namikawa, T.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Tolan, J. E.; Wandui, A.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yoon, K. W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Ahmed, Z.; Grayson, J. A.; Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J.; Karpel, E.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Monticue, V.; Namikawa, T.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Tolan, J. E.; Wandui, A.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Alexander, K. D.; Barkats, D.; Bischoff, C. A.; Boenish, H.; Bowens-Rubin, R.; Buder, I.; Buza, V.; Connors, J.; Harrison, S.; Karkare, K. S.; Kovac, J. M.; Richter, S.; Sorensen, C.; Vieregg, A. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Amiri, M.; Halpern, M.; Wiebe, D. V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
[Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
[Benton, S. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Bock, J. J.; Megerian, K. G.; Nguyen, T.; O'Brient, R.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Turner, A. D.; Weber, A. C.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Bullock, E.; Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Buza, V.; Kovac, J. M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Filippini, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Filippini, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Fliescher, S.; Pryke, C.; Schwarz, R.; Sheehy, C. D.; Willmert, J.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Leitch, E. M.; Sheehy, C. D.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Netterfield, C. B.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada.
[Teply, G. P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Wu, W. L. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Hui, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM hhui@caltech.edu
OI Karkare, Kirit/0000-0002-5215-6993; Namikawa,
Toshiya/0000-0003-3070-9240
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99140T
DI 10.1117/12.2232986
PN 1
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800018
ER
PT S
AU Hunacek, J
Bock, J
Bradford, CM
Bumble, B
Chang, TC
Cheng, YT
Cooray, A
Crites, A
Hailey-Dunsheath, S
Gong, Y
Li, CT
O'Brient, R
Shirokoff, E
Shiu, C
Sun, J
Staniszewski, Z
Uzgil, B
Zemcov, M
AF Hunacek, Jonathon
Bock, James
Bradford, C. Matt
Bumble, Bruce
Chang, Tzu-Ching
Cheng, Yun-Ting
Cooray, Asantha
Crites, Abigail
Hailey-Dunsheath, Steven
Gong, Yan
Li, Chao-Te
O'Brient, Roger
Shirokoff, Erik
Shiu, Corwin
Sun, Jason
Staniszewski, Zachary
Uzgil, Bade
Zemcov, Michael
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Detector Modules and Spectrometers for the TIME-Pilot [CII] Intensity
Mapping Experiment
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE reionization; intensity mapping; [CII]; spectrometers; bolometers;
transition edge sensors
ID CM POWER SPECTRUM; REIONIZATION; EPOCH; GALAXIES; Z-SIMILAR-TO-6;
SUBMILLIMETER; CONSTRAINTS; UNIVERSE; QUASAR; GAS
AB This proceeding presents the current TIME-Pilot instrument design and status with a focus on the close-packed modular detector arrays and spectrometers. Results of laboratory tests with prototype detectors and spectrometers are discussed.
TIME-Pilot is a new mm-wavelength grating spectrometer array under development that will study the Epoch of Reionization (the period of time when the first stars and galaxies ionized the intergalactic medium) by mapping the fluctuations of the redshifted 157.7 mu m emission line of singly ionized carbon ([CII]) from redshift z similar to 5.2 to 8.5. As a tracer of star formation, the [CII] power spectrum can provide information on the sources driving reionization and complements 21 cm data (which traces neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium). Intensity mapping provides a measure of the mean [CII] intensity without the need to resolve and detect faint sources individually. We plan to target a 1 degree by 0.35 arcminute field on the sky and a spectral range of 199-305 GHz, producing a spatial-spectral slab which is 140 Mpc by 0.9 Mpc on-end and 1230 Mpc in the redshift direction. With careful removal of intermediate-redshift CO sources, we anticipate a detection of the halo-halo clustering term in the [CII] power spectrum consistent with current models for star formation history in 240 hours on the JCMT.
TIME-Pilot will use two stacks of 16 parallel-plate waveguide spectrometers (one stack per polarization) with a resolving power R similar to 100 and a spectral range of 183 to 326 GHz. The range is divided into 60 spectral channels, of which 16 at the band edges on each spectrometer serve as atmospheric monitors. The diffraction gratings are curved to produce a compact instrument, each focusing the diffracted light onto an output arc sampled by the 60 bolometers. The bolometers are built in buttable dies of 8 (low freqeuency) or 12 (high frequency) spectral channels by 8 spatial channels and are mated to the spectrometer stacks. Each detector consists of a gold micro-mesh absorber and a titanium transition edge sensor (TES). The detectors (1920 total) are designed to operate from a 250 mK base temperature in an existing cryostat with a photon-noise-dominated NEP of similar to 2 * 10(-17) WHz(-1/2). A set of flexible superconducting cables connect the detectors to a time-domain multiplexing SQUID readout system.
C1 [Hunacek, Jonathon; Bock, James; Bradford, C. Matt; Cheng, Yun-Ting; Crites, Abigail; Hailey-Dunsheath, Steven; O'Brient, Roger; Shiu, Corwin; Sun, Jason] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Bock, James; Bradford, C. Matt; Bumble, Bruce; O'Brient, Roger; Staniszewski, Zachary] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Chang, Tzu-Ching; Li, Chao-Te] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei, Taiwan.
[Cooray, Asantha; Uzgil, Bade] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.
[Zemcov, Michael] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
[Shirokoff, Erik] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Gong, Yan] Natl Astron Observ China, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Hunacek, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99140L
DI 10.1117/12.2233762
PN 1
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800014
ER
PT S
AU Inoue, Y
Ade, P
Akiba, Y
Aleman, C
Arnold, K
Baccigalupi, C
Barch, B
Barron, D
Bender, A
Boettger, D
Borrill, J
Chapman, S
Chinone, Y
Cukierman, A
de Haan, T
Dobbs, MA
Ducout, A
Dunner, R
Elleflot, T
Errard, J
Fabbian, G
Feeney, S
Feng, C
Fuller, G
Gilbert, AJ
Goeckner-Wald, N
Groh, J
Hall, G
Halverson, N
Hamada, T
Hasegawab, M
Hattori, K
Hazumi, M
Hill, C
Holzapfel, WL
Hori, Y
Howe, L
Irie, F
Jaehnig, G
Jaffe, A
Jeong, O
Katayama, N
Kaufman, JP
Kazemzadeh, K
Keating, BG
Kermish, Z
Keskital, R
Kisner, T
Kusaka, A
Le Jeune, M
Lee, AT
Leon, D
Linder, EV
Lowry, L
Matsuda, F
Matsumura, T
Miller, N
Mizukami, K
Montgomery, J
Navaroli, M
Nishino, H
Paare, H
Peloton, J
Poletti, D
Puglisi, G
Raum, CR
Rebeiz, GM
Reichardt, CL
Richards, PL
Ross, C
Rotermund, KM
Segawa, Y
Sherwin, BD
Shirley, I
Siritanasak, P
Stebor, N
Stompor, R
Suzuki, A
Tajima, O
Takada, S
Takatori, S
Teply, GP
Tikhomirov, A
Tomaru, T
Whitehorn, N
Zahn, A
Zahn, O
AF Inoue, Y.
Ade, P.
Akiba, Y.
Aleman, C.
Arnold, K.
Baccigalupi, C.
Barch, B.
Barron, D.
Bender, A.
Boettger, D.
Borrill, J.
Chapman, S.
Chinone, Y.
Cukierman, A.
de Haan, T.
Dobbs, M. A.
Ducout, A.
Dunner, R.
Elleflot, T.
Errard, J.
Fabbian, G.
Feeney, S.
Feng, C.
Fuller, G.
Gilbert, A. J.
Goeckner-Wald, N.
Groh, J.
Hall, G.
Halverson, N.
Hamada, T.
Hasegawab, M.
Hattori, K.
Hazumi, M.
Hill, C.
Holzapfel, W. L.
Hori, Y.
Howe, L.
Irie, F.
Jaehnig, G.
Jaffe, A.
Jeong, O.
Katayama, N.
Kaufman, J. P.
Kazemzadeh, K.
Keating, B. G.
Kermish, Z.
Keskital, R.
Kisner, T.
Kusaka, A.
Le Jeune, M.
Lee, A. T.
Leon, D.
Linder, E. V.
Lowry, L.
Matsuda, F.
Matsumura, T.
Miller, N.
Mizukami, K.
Montgomery, J.
Navaroli, M.
Nishino, H.
Paare, H.
Peloton, J.
Poletti, D.
Puglisi, G.
Raum, C. R.
Rebeiz, G. M.
Reichardt, C. L.
Richards, P. L.
Ross, C.
Rotermund, K. M.
Segawa, Y.
Sherwin, B. D.
Shirley, I.
Siritanasak, P.
Stebor, N.
Stompor, R.
Suzuki, A.
Tajima, O.
Takada, S.
Takatori, S.
Teply, G. P.
Tikhomirov, A.
Tomaru, T.
Whitehorn, N.
Zahn, A.
Zahn, O.
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI POLARBEAR-2: an instrument for CMB polarization measurements
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Cosmic Microwave Background; IR filter; POLARBEAR-2; Polarization;
Bolometer; Gravitational Wave; millimeter wave
ID TRANSITION; UNIVERSE
AB POLARBEAR-2 (PB-2) is a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment that will be located in the Atacama highland in Chile at an altitude of 5200 m. Its science goals are to measure the CMB polarization signals originating from both primordial gravitational waves and weak lensing. PB-2 is designed to measure the tensor to scalar ratio, r, with precision sigma(r) < 0.01, and the sum of neutrino masses, Sigma m(nu), with sigma(Sigma m(nu)) < 90 meV. To achieve these goals, PB-2 will employ 7588 transition-edge sensor bolometers at 95 GHz and 150 GHz, which will be operated at the base temperature of 250 mK. Science observations will begin in 2017.
C1 [Inoue, Y.; Kazemzadeh, K.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan.
[Inoue, Y.; Hamada, T.; Hasegawab, M.; Hattori, K.; Hazumi, M.; Nishino, H.; Tajima, O.; Tomaru, T.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Ade, P.; Aleman, C.; Fuller, G.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, S Glam, Wales.
[Akiba, Y.; Hasegawab, M.; Hazumi, M.; Segawa, Y.; Tajima, O.; Takatori, S.] SOKENDAI, Grad Inst Adv Studies, Miura, Kanagawa 2400115, Japan.
[Elleflot, T.; Howe, L.; Kaufman, J. P.; Keating, B. G.; Leon, D.; Lowry, L.; Matsuda, F.; Navaroli, M.; Siritanasak, P.; Stebor, N.; Teply, G. P.; Zahn, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
[Arnold, K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Baccigalupi, C.; Fabbian, G.; Puglisi, G.] SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy.
[Barch, B.; Barron, D.; Chinone, Y.; Cukierman, A.; de Haan, T.; Goeckner-Wald, N.; Groh, J.; Hall, G.; Hill, C.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Hori, Y.; Jeong, O.; Keskital, R.; Lee, A. T.; Raum, C. R.; Richards, P. L.; Sherwin, B. D.; Shirley, I.; Suzuki, A.; Whitehorn, N.; Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Bender, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Boettger, D.; Dunner, R.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile.
[Borrill, J.; Keskital, R.; Kisner, T.; Kusaka, A.; Lee, A. T.; Linder, E. V.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Chapman, S.; Ross, C.; Rotermund, K. M.; Tikhomirov, A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
[Dobbs, M. A.; Gilbert, A. J.; Montgomery, J.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada.
[Ducout, A.; Feeney, S.; Jaffe, A.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England.
[Errard, J.] Sorbonne Univ, ILP, F-75014 Paris, France.
[Feng, C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Halverson, N.; Jaehnig, G.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hazumi, M.; Irie, F.; Katayama, N.; Mizukami, K.] Univ Tokyo, UTIAS, Kavli IPMU WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan.
[Irie, F.; Katayama, N.; Mizukami, K.] Yokohama Natl Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
[Kermish, Z.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Le Jeune, M.; Peloton, J.; Poletti, D.; Stompor, R.] Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Obs Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.
[Matsumura, T.] Japanese Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Sahamihara, Kanagawa 252510, Japan.
[Miller, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Takada, S.] Natl Inst Fus Sci, 322-6 Oroshi Cho, Toki, Gifu, Japan.
[Borrill, J.; Kisner, T.; Reichardt, C. L.; Suzuki, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Bender, A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Halverson, N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Aleman, C.; Elleflot, T.; Fuller, G.; Howe, L.; Kaufman, J. P.; Kazemzadeh, K.; Keating, B. G.; Leon, D.; Lowry, L.; Matsuda, F.; Navaroli, M.; Paare, H.; Rebeiz, G. M.; Siritanasak, P.; Stebor, N.; Teply, G. P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
[Halverson, N.; Jaehnig, G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Sherwin, B. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Miller Inst Basic Res Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Inoue, Y (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan.; Inoue, Y (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
NR 23
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99141I
DI 10.1117/12.2231961
PN 1
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800036
ER
PT S
AU Johnson, BR
Flanigan, D
Abitbol, MH
Ade, PAR
Bryan, S
Cho, HM
Datta, R
Day, P
Doyle, S
Irwin, K
Jones, G
Kernasovskiy, S
Li, DL
Mauskopf, P
McCarrick, H
McMahon, J
Miller, A
Pisano, G
Song, YR
Surdi, H
Tucker, C
AF Johnson, Bradley R.
Flanigan, Daniel
Abitbol, Maximilian H.
Ade, Peter A. R.
Bryan, Sean
Cho, Hsiao-Mei
Datta, Rahul
Day, Peter
Doyle, Simon
Irwin, Kent
Jones, Glenn
Kernasovskiy, Sarah
Li, Dale
Mauskopf, Phil
McCarrick, Heather
McMahon, Jeff
Miller, Amber
Pisano, Giampaolo
Song, Yanru
Surdi, Harshad
Tucker, Carole
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Polarization Sensitive Multi-Chroic MKIDs
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE CMB; Polarization; MKID
ID KINETIC INDUCTANCE DETECTORS; MILLIMETER; TELESCOPE; CAMERA; HORN
AB We report on the development of scalable prototype microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) arrays tailored for future multi-kilo-pixel experiments that are designed to simultaneously characterize the polarization properties of both the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and Galactic dust emission. These modular arrays are composed of horn-coupled, polarization-sensitive MKIDs, and each pixel has four detectors: two polarizations in two spectral bands between 125 and 280 GHz. A horn is used to feed each array element, and a planar orthomode transducer, composed of two waveguide probe pairs, separates the incoming light into two linear polarizations. Diplexers composed of resonant-stub band-pass filters separate the radiation into 125 to 170 GHz and 190 to 280 GHz pass bands. The millimeter-wave power is ultimately coupled to a hybrid co-planar waveguide microwave kinetic inductance detector using a novel, broadband circuit developed by our collaboration. Electromagnetic simulations show the expected absorption efficiency of the detector is approximately 90%. Array fabrication will begin in the summer of 2016.
C1 [Johnson, Bradley R.; Flanigan, Daniel; Abitbol, Maximilian H.; Jones, Glenn; McCarrick, Heather; Miller, Amber] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Ade, Peter A. R.; Doyle, Simon; Pisano, Giampaolo; Tucker, Carole] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales.
[Bryan, Sean; Mauskopf, Phil; Surdi, Harshad] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Irwin, Kent; Kernasovskiy, Sarah; Song, Yanru] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Datta, Rahul; McMahon, Jeff] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA.
[Day, Peter] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Cho, Hsiao-Mei; Irwin, Kent; Li, Dale] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Johnson, BR (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM bjohnson@phys.columbia.edu
NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99140X
DI 10.1117/12.2233243
PN 1
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800021
ER
PT S
AU Karkare, KS
Ade, PAR
Ahmed, Z
Alexander, KD
Amiri, M
Barkats, D
Benton, SJ
Bischoff, CA
Bock, JJ
Boenish, H
Bowens-Rubin, R
Buder, I
Bullock, E
Buza, V
Connors, J
Filippini, JP
Fliescher, ST
Grayson, JA
Halpern, M
Harrison, SA
Hilton, GC
Hristov, VV
Hui, H
Irwin, KD
Kang, JH
Karpel, S
Kefeli, S
Kernasovskiy, SA
Kovac, JM
Kuo, CL
Leitch, EM
Lueker, M
Megerian, KG
Monticue, V
Namikawa, T
Netterfield, CB
Nguyen, HT
O'Brient, R
Ogburn, RW
Pryke, C
Reintsema, CD
Richter, S
St Germaine, MT
Schwarz, R
Sheehy, CD
Staniszewski, ZK
Steinbach, B
Teply, GP
Thompson, KL
Tolan, JE
Tucker, C
Turner, AD
Vieregg, AG
Wandui, A
Weber, A
Willmert, J
Wong, CL
Wu, WLK
Yoon, KW
AF Karkare, K. S.
Ade, P. A. R.
Ahmed, Z.
Alexander, K. D.
Amiri, M.
Barkats, D.
Benton, S. J.
Bischoff, C. A.
Bock, J. J.
Boenish, H.
Bowens-Rubin, R.
Buder, I.
Bullock, E.
Buza, V.
Connors, J.
Filippini, J. P.
Fliescher, S. T.
Grayson, J. A.
Halpern, M.
Harrison, S. A.
Hilton, G. C.
Hristov, V. V.
Hui, H.
Irwin, K. D.
Kang, J. H.
Karpel, E.
Kefeli, S.
Kernasovskiy, S. A.
Kovac, J. M.
Kuo, C. L.
Leitch, E. M.
Lueker, M.
Megerian, K. C.
Monticue, V.
Namikawa, T.
Netterfield, C. B.
Nguyen, H. T.
O'Brient, R.
Ogburn, R. W.
Pryke, C.
Reintsema, C. D.
Richter, S.
St Germaine, M. T.
Schwarz, R.
Sheehy, C. D.
Staniszewski, Z. K.
Steinbach, B.
Teply, C. P.
Thompson, K. L.
Tolan, J. E.
Tucker, C.
Turner, A. D.
Vieregg, A. G.
Wandui, A.
Weber, A.
Willmert, J.
Wong, C. L.
Wu, W. L. K.
Yoon, K. W.
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Optical characterization of the BICEP3 CMB polarimeter at the South Pole
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Inflation; Gravitational waves; Cosmic microwave background;
Polarization; BICEP
ID KECK ARRAY; PERFORMANCE; GHZ
AB BICEP3 is a small-aperture refracting cosmic microwave background (CMB) telescope designed to make sensitive polarization maps in pursuit of a potential B-mode signal from inflationary gravitational waves. It is the latest in the BICEP/Keck Array series of CMB experiments located at the South Pole, which has provided the most stringent constraints on inflation to date. For the 2016 observing season, BICEP3 was outfitted with a full suite of 2400 optically coupled detectors operating at 95 GHz. In these proceedings we report on the far field beam performance using calibration data taken during the 2015-2016 summer deployment season in situ with a thermal chopped source. We generate high-fidelity per-detector beam maps, show the array-averaged beam profile, and characterize the differential beam response between co-located, orthogonally polarized detectors which contributes to the leading instrumental systematic in pair differencing experiments. We find that the levels of differential pointing, beamwidth, and ellipticity are similar to or lower than those measured for BICEP2 and Keck Array. The magnitude and distribution of BICEP3's differential beam mismatch - and the level to which temperature-to-polarization leakage may be marginalized over or subtracted in analysis - will inform the design of next-generation CMB experiments with many thousands of detectors.
C1 [Karkare, K. S.; Alexander, K. D.; Barkats, D.; Bischoff, C. A.; Boenish, H.; Bowens-Rubin, R.; Buder, I.; Buza, V.; Connors, J.; Harrison, S. A.; Kovac, J. M.; Richter, S.; St Germaine, M. T.; Vieregg, A. G.; Wong, C. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales.
[Ahmed, Z.; Grayson, J. A.; Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J. H.; Karpel, E.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Monticue, V.; Namikawa, T.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Tolan, J. E.; Wandui, A.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Ahmed, Z.; Grayson, J. A.; Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J. H.; Kuo, C. L.; Namikawa, T.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Tolan, J. E.; Wandui, A.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yoon, K. W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Amiri, M.; Halpern, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
[Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
[Benton, S. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Bock, J. J.; Filippini, J. P.; Hristov, V. V.; Hui, H.; Kefeli, S.; Lueker, M.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Steinbach, B.; Teply, C. P.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Bock, J. J.; Megerian, K. C.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Turner, A. D.; Weber, A.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Bullock, E.; Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Filippini, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Filippini, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Fliescher, S. T.; Pryke, C.; Schwarz, R.; Willmert, J.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Leitch, E. M.; Sheehy, C. D.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Netterfield, C. B.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada.
[Wu, W. L. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Karkare, KS (reprint author), 60 Garden St.MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM kkarkare@cfa.harvard.edu
OI Karkare, Kirit/0000-0002-5215-6993; Namikawa,
Toshiya/0000-0003-3070-9240
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 991430
DI 10.1117/12.2231747
PN 1
PG 17
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800075
ER
PT S
AU Kogut, A
Fixsen, DJ
Nagler, P
Tucker, G
AF Kogut, Alan
Fixsen, Dale J.
Nagler, Peter
Tucker, Gregory
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Systematic error mitigation for the PIXIE instrument
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE cosmic microwave background; polarimeter; Fourier transform
spectrometer; systematic error
AB The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) uses a nulling Fourier Transform Spectrometer to measure the absolute intensity and linear polarization of the cosmic microwave background and diffuse astrophysical foregrounds. PIXIE will search for the signature of primordial inflation and will characterize distortions from a blackbody spectrum, both to precision of a few parts per billion. Rigorous control of potential instrumental effects is required to take advantage of the raw sensitivity. PIXIE employs a highly symmetric design using multiple differential nulling to reduce the instrumental signature to negligible levels. We discuss the systematic error budget and mitigation strategies for the PIXIE mission.
C1 [Kogut, Alan; Nagler, Peter] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Fixsen, Dale J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Nagler, Peter; Tucker, Gregory] Brown Univ, 182 Hope St, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
RP Kogut, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Alan.J.Kogut@nasa.gov
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 991438
DI 10.1117/12.2231092
PN 1
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800080
ER
PT S
AU Koopman, B
Austermann, J
Cho, HM
Coughlin, KP
Duff, SM
Gallardo, PA
Hasselfield, M
Henderson, SW
Ho, SPP
Hubmayr, J
Irwin, KD
Li, DL
McMahon, J
Nati, F
Niemack, MD
Newburgh, L
Page, LA
Salatino, M
Schillaci, A
Schmitt, BL
Simon, SM
Vavagiakis, EM
Ward, JT
Wollack, EJ
AF Koopman, Brian
Austermann, Jason
Cho, Hsiao-Mei
Coughlin, Kevin P.
Duff, Shannon M.
Gallardo, Patricio A.
Hasselfield, Matthew
Henderson, Shawn W.
Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty
Hubmayr, Johannes
Irwin, Kent D.
Li, Dale
McMahon, Jeff
Nati, Federico
Niemack, Michael D.
Newburgh, Laura
Page, Lyman A.
Salatino, Maria
Schillaci, Alessandro
Schmitt, Benjamin L.
Simon, Sara M.
Vavagiakis, Eve M.
Ward, Jonathan T.
Wollack, Edward J.
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Optical modeling and polarization calibration for CMB measurements with
ACTPol and Advanced ACTPol
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Cosmic Microwave Background; polarization; ACTPol; detector angle
ID COSMOLOGICAL DISTANCES; PROBE
AB The Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarimeter (ACTPol) is a polarization sensitive upgrade to the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, located at an elevation of 5190 m on Cerro Toco in Chile. ACTPol uses transition edge sensor bolometers coupled to orthomode transducers to measure both the temperature and polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Calibration of the detector angles is a critical step in producing polarization maps of the CMB. Polarization angle offsets in the detector calibration can cause leakage in polarization from E to B modes and induce a spurious signal in the EB and TB cross correlations, which eliminates our ability to measure potential cosmological sources of EB and TB signals, such as cosmic birefringence.
We calibrate the ACTPol detector angles by ray tracing the designed detector angle through the entire optical chain to determine the projection of each detector angle on the sky. The distribution of calibrated detector polarization angles are consistent with a global offset angle from zero when compared to the EB-nulling offset angle, the angle required to null the EB cross-correlation power spectrum. We present the optical modeling process.
The detector angles can be cross checked through observations of known polarized sources, whether this be a galactic source or a laboratory reference standard. To cross check the ACTPol detector angles, we use a thin film polarization grid placed in front of the receiver of the telescope, between the receiver and the secondary reflector. Making use of a rapidly rotating half-wave plate (HWP) mount we spin the polarizing grid at a constant speed, polarizing and rotating the incoming atmospheric signal. The resulting sinusoidal signal is used to determine the detector angles.
The optical modeling calibration was shown to be consistent with a global offset angle of zero when compared to EB nulling in the first ACTPol results and will continue to be a part of our calibration implementation. The first array of detectors for Advanced ACTPol, the next generation upgrade to ACTPol, will be deployed in 2016. We plan to continue using both techniques and compare them to astrophysical source measurements for the Advanced ACTPol polarization calibration.
C1 [Koopman, Brian; Gallardo, Patricio A.; Henderson, Shawn W.; Niemack, Michael D.; Vavagiakis, Eve M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Austermann, Jason; Duff, Shannon M.; Hubmayr, Johannes] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Devices Grp, 325 Broadway MS 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Hasselfield, Matthew] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Hasselfield, Matthew] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Nati, Federico; Schmitt, Benjamin L.; Ward, Jonathan T.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 South 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty; Page, Lyman A.; Salatino, Maria; Simon, Sara M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Coughlin, Kevin P.; McMahon, Jeff] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Schillaci, Alessandro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Astrofis, Santiago, Chile.
[Schillaci, Alessandro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Astroingn, Fac Fis, Santiago, Chile.
[Cho, Hsiao-Mei; Irwin, Kent D.; Li, Dale] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sandy Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Irwin, Kent D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Newburgh, Laura] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada.
RP Koopman, B (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM bjk98@cornell.edu
RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012
OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99142T
DI 10.1117/12.2231912
PN 1
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800069
ER
PT S
AU Lamb, JW
Cleary, KA
Gawande, RS
Kooi, JW
Laxen, MP
Plambeck, RL
Reeves, RA
Kangaslahti, PP
Varonen, M
AF Lamb, James W.
Cleary, Kieran A.
Gawande, Rohit S.
Kooi, Jacob W.
Laxen, Michael P.
Plambeck, Richard L.
Reeves, Rodrigo A.
Kangaslahti, Pekka P.
Varonen, Mikko
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Sideband-separating MMIC receivers for observation in the 3-mm band
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Receivers; microwaves; millimeterwaves; sideband separation;
interferometer; quadrature hybrid
AB Wideband receivers for the 3-mm band were developed for CARMA, the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter wave Astronomy. Three cryogenic MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) amplifiers manufactured in InP 35-nm technology are combined in a block with waveguide probes and gain equalizers to cover the 80-116 GHz band. These are followed by a sideband-separating mixer that has two 17 GHZ wide outputs, for upper and lower sidebands. Each receiver has a feed horn followed by a circular-to-linear polarizer and orthomode transducer. The two polarizations are amplified by the cryogenic MMICs, and the outputs downconverted in sideband separating mixers, resulting in four 1-18 GHz channels that can be simultaneously correlated. The first receiver was tested in the lab, and on-sky tests conducted at CARMA. Measured noise temperatures were in the range 40-70 K, with a sideband rejection of about 15 dB.
C1 [Lamb, James W.; Cleary, Kieran A.; Gawande, Rohit S.; Kooi, Jacob W.; Laxen, Michael P.] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Gawande, Rohit S.; Kooi, Jacob W.; Kangaslahti, Pekka P.; Varonen, Mikko] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Plambeck, Richard L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Reeves, Rodrigo A.] Univ Concepcion, Victor Lamas 1290, Concepcion, Chile.
[Varonen, Mikko] Aalto Univ, Sch Elect Engn, POB 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
RP Lamb, JW (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM lamb@caltech.edu
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99140H
DI 10.1117/12.2233106
PN 1
PG 18
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800011
ER
PT S
AU Li, YQ
Choi, S
Ho, SP
Crowley, KT
Salatino, M
Simon, SM
Staggs, ST
Nati, F
Ward, J
Schmitt, BL
Henderson, S
Koopman, BJ
Gallardo, PA
Vavagiakis, EM
Niemack, MD
McMahon, J
Duff, SM
Schillaci, A
Hubmayr, J
Hilton, GC
Beall, JA
Wollack, EJ
AF Li, Yaqiong
Choi, Steve
Ho, Shuay-Pwu
Crowley, Kevin T.
Salatino, Maria
Simon, Sara M.
Staggs, Suzanne T.
Nati, Federico
Ward, Jonathon
Schmitt, Benjamin L.
Henderson, Shawn
Koopman, Brian J.
Gallardo, Patricio A.
Vavagiakis, Eve M.
Niemack, Michael D.
McMahon, Jeff
Duff, Shannon M.
Schillaci, Alessandro
Hubmayr, Johannes
Hilton, Gene C.
Beall, James A.
Wollack, Edward J.
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Assembly and Integration Process of the First High Density Detector
Array for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Cosmic Microwave Background; Array packaging; Advanced ACTPol
AB The Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) upgrade on the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) consists of multichroic Transition Edge Sensor (TES) detector arrays to measure the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization anisotropies in multiple frequency bands. The first AdvACT detector array, sensitive to both 150 and 230 GHz, is fabricated on a 150 mm diameter wafer and read out with a completely different scheme compared to ACTPol. Approximately 2000 TES bolometers are packed into the wafer leading to both a much denser detector density and readout circuitry. The demonstration of the assembly and integration of the AdvACT arrays is important for the next generation CMB experiments, which will continue to increase the pixel number and density. We present the detailed assembly process of the first AdvACT detector array.
C1 [Li, Yaqiong; Choi, Steve; Ho, Shuay-Pwu; Crowley, Kevin T.; Salatino, Maria; Simon, Sara M.; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Nati, Federico; Ward, Jonathon; Schmitt, Benjamin L.] Univ Penn, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Henderson, Shawn; Koopman, Brian J.; Gallardo, Patricio A.; Vavagiakis, Eve M.; Niemack, Michael D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[McMahon, Jeff] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Duff, Shannon M.; Hubmayr, Johannes; Hilton, Gene C.; Beall, James A.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, 325 Broadway Mailcode 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Schillaci, Alessandro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Phys, Santiago, Spain.
[Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Li, YQ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM yaqiongl@princeton.edu
RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012
OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 991435
DI 10.1117/12.2233470
PN 1
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800078
ER
PT S
AU McCarrick, H
Abitbol, MH
Ade, PAR
Barry, P
Bryan, S
Che, G
Day, P
Doyle, S
Flanigan, D
Johnson, BR
Jones, G
Leduc, HG
Limon, M
Mauskop, P
Miller, A
Tucker, C
Zmuidzinas, J
AF McCarrick, Heather
Abitbol, Maximilian H.
Ade, Peter A. R.
Barry, Peter
Bryan, Sean
Che, George
Day, Peter
Doyle, Simon
Flanigan, Daniel
Johnson, Bradley R.
Jones, Glenn
LeDuc, Henry G.
Limon, Michele
Mauskop, Philip
Miller, Amber
Tucker, Carole
Zmuidzinas, Jonas
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Development of dual-polarization LEKIDs for CMB observations
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Lumped element kinetic inductance detectors; cosmic microwave
background; polarimetry; dual-polarization
ID KINETIC INDUCTANCE DETECTORS
AB We discuss the design considerations and initial measurements from arrays of dual-polarization, lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) nominally designed for cosmic microwave background (CMB) studies. The detectors are horn-coupled, and each array element contains two single-polarization LEKIDs, which are made from thin-film aluminum and optimized for a single spectral band centered on 150 GHz. We are developing two array architectures, one based on 160 micron thick silicon wafers and the other based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers with a 30 micron thick device layer. The 20-element test arrays (40 LEKIDs) are characterized with both a linearly-polarized electronic millimeter wave source and a thermal source. We present initial measurements including the noise spectra, noise-equivalent temperature, and responsivity. We discuss future testing and further design optimizations to be implemented.
C1 [McCarrick, Heather; Abitbol, Maximilian H.; Flanigan, Daniel; Johnson, Bradley R.; Jones, Glenn; Limon, Michele; Miller, Amber] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Bryan, Sean; Che, George; Mauskop, Philip] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Day, Peter; LeDuc, Henry G.; Zmuidzinas, Jonas] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Zmuidzinas, Jonas] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Ade, Peter A. R.; Barry, Peter; Doyle, Simon; Tucker, Carole] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales.
RP McCarrick, H (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM hlm2124@columbia.edu
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99140O
DI 10.1117/12.2231830
PN 1
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800016
ER
PT S
AU Nagler, PC
Crowley, KT
Denis, KL
Devasia, AM
Fixsen, DJ
Kogut, AJ
Manos, G
Porter, S
Stevenson, TR
AF Nagler, Peter C.
Crowley, Kevin T.
Denis, Kevin L.
Devasia, Archana M.
Fixsen, Dale J.
Kogut, Alan J.
Manos, George
Porter, Scott
Stevenson, Thomas R.
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Multimode bolometer development for the PIXIE instrument
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE polarimeter; bolometer; Fourier transform spectrometer; cosmic microwave
background
ID SPECTRUM
AB The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) is an Explorer-class mission concept designed to measure the polarization and absolute intensity of the cosmic microwave background. In the following, we report on the design, fabrication, and performance of the multimode polarization-sensitive bolometers for PIXIE, which are based on silicon thermistors. In particular we focus on several recent advances in the detector design, including the implementation of a scheme to greatly raise the frequencies of the internal vibrational modes of the large-area, low-mass optical absorber structure consisting of a grid of micromachined, ion-implanted silicon wires. With 30 times the absorbing area of the spider-web bolometers used by Planck, the tensioning scheme enables the PIXIE bolometers to be robust in the vibrational and acoustic environment at launch of the space mission. More generally, it could be used to reduce microphonic sensitivity in other types of low temperature detectors. We also report on the performance of the PIXIE bolometers in a dark cryogenic environment.
C1 [Nagler, Peter C.; Denis, Kevin L.; Devasia, Archana M.; Manos, George; Stevenson, Thomas R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 553, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Nagler, Peter C.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Crowley, Kevin T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Fixsen, Dale J.; Kogut, Alan J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Porter, Scott] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Nagler, PC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 553, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Nagler, PC (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
EM peter.c.nagler@nasa.gov
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99141A
DI 10.1117/12.2231082
PN 1
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800029
ER
PT S
AU Rostem, K
Ali, A
Appel, JW
Bennett, CL
Brown, A
Chang, MP
Chuss, DT
Colazo, FA
Costen, N
Denis, KL
Essinger-Hileman, T
Hu, R
Marriage, TA
Moseley, SH
Stevenson, TR
U-Yen, K
Wollack, EJ
Xu, ZL
AF Rostem, Karwan
Ali, Aamir
Appel, John W.
Bennett, Charles L.
Brown, Ari
Chang, Meng-Ping
Chuss, David T.
Colazo, Felipe A.
Costen, Nick
Denis, Kevin L.
Essinger-Hileman, Tom
Hu, Ron
Marriage, Tobias A.
Moseley, Samuel H.
Stevenson, Thomas R.
U-Yen, Kongpop
Wollack, Edward J.
Xu, Zhilei
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Silicon-Based Antenna-Coupled Polarization-Sensitive Millimeter-Wave
Bolometer Arrays for Cosmic Microwave Background Instruments
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Millimeter-Wave Detectors; Polarimeters; Transition-Edge Sensor; CMB
Instruments
ID MICROSTRIP; TRANSITIONS
AB We describe feedhorn-coupled polarization-sensitive detector arrays that utilize monocrystalline silicon as the dielectric substrate material. Monocrystalline silicon has a low-loss tangent and repeatable dielectric constant, characteristics that are critical for realizing efficient and uniform superconducting microwave circuits. An additional advantage of this material is its low specific heat. In a detector pixel, two Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers are antenna-coupled to in-band radiation via a symmetric planar orthomode transducer (OMT). Each orthogonal linear polarization is coupled to a separate superconducting microstrip transmission line circuit. On-chip filtering is employed to both reject out-of-band radiation from the upper band edge to the gap frequency of the niobium superconductor, and to flexibly define the bandwidth for each TES to meet the requirements of the application. The microwave circuit is compatible with multi-chroic operation. Metalized silicon platelets are used to define the backshort for the waveguide probes. This micro-machined structure is also used to mitigate the coupling of out-of-band radiation to the microwave circuit. At 40 GHz, the detectors have a measured efficiency of similar to 90%. In this paper, we describe the development of the 90 GHz detector arrays that will be demonstrated using the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) ground-based telescope.
C1 [Rostem, Karwan; Ali, Aamir; Appel, John W.; Bennett, Charles L.; Essinger-Hileman, Tom; Marriage, Tobias A.; Xu, Zhilei] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 North Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Rostem, Karwan; Brown, Ari; Colazo, Felipe A.; Denis, Kevin L.; Stevenson, Thomas R.; U-Yen, Kongpop; Wollack, Edward J.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Chang, Meng-Ping; Costen, Nick; Hu, Ron] SGT Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, 7701 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
[Chuss, David T.] Villanova Univ, Dept Phys, 800 E Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA 19085 USA.
RP Rostem, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 North Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
EM karwan.rostem@nasa.gov
RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012
OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451
NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99140D
DI 10.1117/12.2234308
PN 1
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800007
ER
PT S
AU Simon, SM
Austermann, J
Beall, JA
Choi, SK
Coughlin, KP
Duff, SM
Gallardo, PA
Henderson, SW
Hills, FB
Ho, SPP
Hubmayr, J
Josaitis, A
Koopman, BJ
McMahon, JJ
Nati, F
Newburgh, L
Niemack, MD
Salatino, M
Schillaci, A
Schmitt, BL
Staggs, ST
Vavagiakis, EM
Ward, J
Wollack, EJ
AF Simon, Sara M.
Austermann, Jason
Beall, James A.
Choi, Steve K.
Coughlin, Kevin P.
Duff, Shannon M.
Gallardo, Patricio A.
Henderson, Shawn W.
Hills, Felicity B.
Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty
Hubmayr, Johannes
Josaitis, Alec
Koopman, Brian J.
McMahon, Jeff J.
Nati, Federico
Newburgh, Laura
Niemack, Michael D.
Salatino, Maria
Schillaci, Alessandro
Schmitt, Benjamin L.
Staggs, Suzanne T.
Vavagiakis, Eve M.
Ward, Jonathan
Wollack, Edward J.
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI The design and characterization of wideband spline-profiled feedhorns
for Advanced ACTPol
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Advanced ACTPol; feedhorn; spline-profiled; wideband; polarization;
cosmic microwave background
ID ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE; GRAVITY-WAVES; POLARIZATION; HORN
AB Advanced ACTPo1 (AdvACT) is an upgraded camera for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) that will measure the cosmic microwave background in temperature and polarization over a wide range of angular scales and five frequency bands from 28-230 GHz. AdvACT will employ four arrays of feedhorn-coupled, polarization sensitive multichroic detectors. To accommodate the higher pixel packing densities necessary to achieve AdvACT's sensitivity goals, we have developed and optimized wideband spline-profiled feedhorns for the AdvACT multichroic arrays that maximize coupling efficiency while carefully controlling polarization systematics. We present the design, fabrication, and testing of wideband spline-profiled feedhorns for the multichroic arrays of AdvACT.
C1 [Simon, Sara M.; Choi, Steve K.; Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty; Salatino, Maria; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Austermann, Jason; Beall, James A.; Duff, Shannon M.; Hubmayr, Johannes] NIST, 325 Broadway MC 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Coughlin, Kevin P.; Hills, Felicity B.; Josaitis, Alec; McMahon, Jeff J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Gallardo, Patricio A.; Henderson, Shawn W.; Koopman, Brian J.; Niemack, Michael D.; Vavagiakis, Eve M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Nati, Federico; Schmitt, Benjamin L.; Ward, Jonathan] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Newburgh, Laura] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst, Toronto, ON M55 3H4, Canada.
[Schillaci, Alessandro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Astrophys, Santiago, Chile.
[Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Simon, SM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM smstwo@princeton.edu
RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012
OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 991416
DI 10.1117/12.2233603
PN 1
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800027
ER
PT S
AU Stebor, N
Ade, P
Akiba, Y
Aleman, C
Arnold, K
Baccigalupi, C
Barch, B
Barron, D
Beckman, S
Bender, A
Boettger, D
Borrill, J
Chapman, S
Chinone, Y
Cukierman, A
de Haan, T
Dobbs, MA
Ducout, A
Dunner, R
Elleflot, T
Errard, J
Fabbian, G
Feeney, S
Feng, C
Fujino, T
Fuller, G
Gilbert, AJ
Goeckner-Wald, N
Groh, J
Hall, G
Halverson, N
Hamada, T
Hasegawa, M
Hattori, K
Hazumi, M
Hill, C
Holzapfel, WL
Hori, Y
Howe, L
Inoue, Y
Irie, F
Jaehnig, G
Jaffe, A
Jeong, O
Katayama, N
Kaufman, JP
Kazemzadeh, K
Keating, BG
Kermish, Z
Keskitalo, R
Kisner, T
Kusaka, A
Le Jeune, M
Lee, AT
Leon, D
Linder, EV
Lowry, L
Matsuda, F
Matsumura, T
Miller, N
Montgomery, J
Navaroli, M
Nishino, H
Paar, H
Pelotonh, J
Poletti, D
Puglisi, G
Raum, CR
Rebeiz, GM
Reichardt, CL
Richard, PL
Ross, C
Rotermund, KM
Segawa, Y
Sherwin, BD
Shirley, I
Siritanasak, P
Steinmetz, L
Stompor, R
Suzuki, A
Tajima, O
Takadav, S
Takatori, S
Teply, GP
Tikhomirov, A
Tomaru, T
Westbrook, B
Whitehorn, N
Zahn, A
Zahn, O
AF Stebor, N.
Ade, P.
Akiba, Y.
Aleman, C.
Arnold, K.
Baccigalupi, C.
Barch, B.
Barron, D.
Beckman, S.
Bender, A.
Boettger, D.
Borrill, J.
Chapman, S.
Chinone, Y.
Cukierman, A.
de Haan, T.
Dobbs, M. A.
Ducout, A.
Dunner, R.
Elleflot, T.
Errard, J.
Fabbian, G.
Feeney, S.
Feng, C.
Fujino, T.
Fuller, G.
Gilbert, A. J.
Goeckner-Wald, N.
Groh, J.
Hall, G.
Halverson, N.
Hamada, T.
Hasegawa, M.
Hattori, K.
Hazumi, M.
Hill, C.
Holzapfel, W. L.
Hori, Y.
Howe, L.
Inoue, Y.
Irie, F.
Jaehnig, G.
Jaffe, A.
Jeong, O.
Katayama, N.
Kaufman, J. P.
Kazemzadeh, K.
Keating, B. G.
Kermish, Z.
Keskitalo, R.
Kisner, T.
Kusaka, A.
Le Jeune, M.
Lee, A. T.
Leon, D.
Linder, E. V.
Lowry, L.
Matsuda, F.
Matsumura, T.
Miller, N.
Montgomery, J.
Navaroli, M.
Nishino, H.
Paar, H.
Pelotonh, J.
Poletti, D.
Puglisi, G.
Raum, C. R.
Rebeiz, G. M.
Reichardt, C. L.
Richard, P. L.
Ross, C.
Rotermund, K. M.
Segawa, Y.
Sherwin, B. D.
Shirley, I.
Siritanasak, P.
Steinmetz, L.
Stompor, R.
Suzuki, A.
Tajima, O.
Takadav, S.
Takatori, S.
Teply, G. P.
Tikhomirov, A.
Tomaru, T.
Westbrook, B.
Whitehorn, N.
Zahn, A.
Zahn, O.
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI The Simons Array CMB Polarization Experiment
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE cosmic microwave background radiation; polarization; polarimeters;
inflation; neutrinos; dark matter; dark energy; gravitational lensing
AB The Simons Array is a next generation cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment whose science target is a precision measurement of the B-mode polarization pattern produced both by inflation and by gravitational lensing. As a continuation and extension of the successful POL ARBEAR experimental program, the Simons Array will consist of three cryogenic receivers each featuring multichroic bolometer arrays mounted onto separate 3.5m telescopes. The first of these, also called POLARBEAR-2A, will be the first to deploy in late 2016 and has a large diameter focal plane consisting of dual-polarization dichroic pixels sensitive at 95 GHz and 150 GHz. The POLARBEAR-2A focal plane will utilize 7,588 antenna-coupled superconducting transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers read out with SQUID amplifiers using frequency domain multiplexing techniques. The next two receivers that will make up the Simons Array will be nearly identical in overall design but will feature extended frequency capability. The combination of high sensitivity, multichroic frequency coverage and large sky area available from our mid-latitude Chilean observatory will allow Simons Array to produce high quality polarization sky maps over a wide range of angular scales and to separate out the CMB B-modes from other astrophysical sources with high fidelity. After accounting for galactic foreground separation, the Simons Array will detect the primordial gravitational wave B-mode signal to r > 0.01 with a significance of > 5a and will constrain the sum of neutrino masses to 40 meV (lo-) when cross-correlated with galaxy surveys. We present the current status of this funded experiment, its future, and discuss its projected science return.
C1 [Stebor, N.; Aleman, C.; Elleflot, T.; Fuller, G.; Howe, L.; Kaufman, J. P.; Kazemzadeh, K.; Keating, B. G.; Leon, D.; Lowry, L.; Matsuda, F.; Navaroli, M.; Paar, H.; Siritanasak, P.; Teply, G. P.; Zahn, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Ade, P.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, S Glam, Wales.
[Akiba, Y.; Hasegawa, M.; Hazumi, M.; Inoue, Y.; Rebeiz, G. M.; Segawa, Y.; Tajima, O.; Takatori, S.] SOKENDAI, Grad Inst Adv Studies, Miura Dist, Kanagawa 2400115, Japan.
[Arnold, K.; Zahn, A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Baccigalupi, C.; Fabbian, G.; Puglisi, G.] SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy.
[Barch, B.; Barron, D.; Beckman, S.; Chinone, Y.; Cukierman, A.; de Haan, T.; Goeckner-Wald, N.; Groh, J.; Hall, G.; Hill, C.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Hori, Y.; Jeong, O.; Keskitalo, R.; Lee, A. T.; Raum, C. R.; Richard, P. L.; Sherwin, B. D.; Shirley, I.; Steinmetz, L.; Suzuki, A.; Westbrook, B.; Whitehorn, N.; Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Bender, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Boettger, D.; Dunner, R.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile.
[Borrill, J.; Keskitalo, R.; Kisner, T.; Kusaka, A.; Lee, A. T.; Linder, E. V.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Chapman, S.; Ross, C.; Rotermund, K. M.; Tikhomirov, A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
[Dobbs, M. A.; Gilbert, A. J.; Montgomery, J.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada.
[Ducout, A.; Feeney, S.; Jaffe, A.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England.
[Errard, J.] Sorbonne Univ, ILP, F-75014 Paris, France.
[Feng, C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Halverson, N.; Jaehnig, G.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hamada, T.; Hasegawa, M.; Hattori, K.; Hazumi, M.; Inoue, Y.; Segawa, Y.; Tajima, O.; Takatori, S.; Tomaru, T.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan.
[Chinone, Y.; Fujino, T.; Hazumi, M.; Irie, F.; Katayama, N.; Nishino, H.] Univ Tokyo, UTIAS, Kavli IPMU WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan.
[Fujino, T.; Irie, F.] Yokohama Natl Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
[Kermish, Z.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Le Jeune, M.; Poletti, D.; Stompor, R.] Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Obs Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.
[Matsumura, T.] Japanese Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Sahamihara, Kanagawa 252510, Japan.
[Miller, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
[Reichardt, C. L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia.
[Takadav, S.] Natl Inst Fus Sci, 322-6 Oroshi Cho, Toki, Gifu, Japan.
[Borrill, J.; Kisner, T.; Suzuki, A.; Westbrook, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Bender, A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Halverson, N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Rebeiz, G. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Stebor, N.; Aleman, C.; Elleflot, T.; Fuller, G.; Howe, L.; Kaufman, J. P.; Kazemzadeh, K.; Keating, B. G.; Leon, D.; Lowry, L.; Matsuda, F.; Navaroli, M.; Paar, H.; Siritanasak, P.; Teply, G. P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Halverson, N.; Jaehnig, G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Grad Univ Adv Studies, Miura Dist, Kanagawa 2400115, Japan.
[Sherwin, B. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Miller Inst Basic Res Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Pelotonh, J.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England.
RP Stebor, N (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.; Stebor, N (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM nstebor@ucsd.edu
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99141H
DI 10.1117/12.2233103
PN 1
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800035
ER
PT S
AU Treuttel, J
Schlecht, E
Siles, J
Lee, C
Lin, R
Thomas, B
Gonzalez-Olvero, D
Yee, JH
Wu, D
Mehdi, I
AF Treuttel, Jeanne
Schlecht, Erich
Siles, Jose
Lee, Choonsup
Lin, Robert
Thomas, Bertrand
Gonzalez-Olvero, David
Yee, Jeng-Hwa
Wu, Dong
Mehdi, Imran
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI A 2 THz Schottky Solid-State Heterodyne Receiver for Atmospheric Studies
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Terahertz spectroscopy; Schottky diodes; Heterodyne receivers;
Atmospheric composition
AB Obtaining temperature, pressure, and composition profiles along with wind velocities in the Earth's thermosphere/ ionosphere system is a key NASA goal for understanding our planet. We report on the status of a technology development effort to build an all-solid-state heterodyne receiver at 2.06 THz that will allow the measurement of the 2.06 THz [OI] line for altitudes greater than 100 km. The receiver front end features low-parasitic Schottky diode mixer chips that are driven by a local oscillator (LO) source using Schottky diode based multipliers. The multiplier chain consists of a 38 GHz oscillator followed by a set of three cascaded triplers at 114 GHz, 343 GHz and 1.03 THz.
C1 [Treuttel, Jeanne; Schlecht, Erich; Siles, Jose; Lee, Choonsup; Lin, Robert; Gonzalez-Olvero, David; Mehdi, Imran] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Thomas, Bertrand] Radiometer Phys GmbH, Meckenheim, Germany.
[Yee, Jeng-Hwa] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Wu, Dong] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Treuttel, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99141O
DI 10.1117/12.2233744
PN 1
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800040
ER
PT S
AU Ward, JT
Austermann, J
Beall, JA
Choi, SK
Crowley, KT
Devlin, MJ
Duff, SM
Gallardo, PM
Henderson, SW
Ho, SPP
Hilton, G
Hubmayr, J
Khavari, N
Klein, J
Koopman, BJ
Li, DL
McMahon, J
Mumby, G
Nati, F
Niemack, MD
Page, LA
Salatino, M
Schillaci, A
Schmitt, BL
Simon, SM
Staggs, ST
Thornton, R
Ullom, JN
Vavagiakis, EM
Wollack, EJ
AF Ward, Jonathan T.
Austermann, Jason
Beall, James A.
Choi, Steve K.
Crowley, Kevin T.
Devlin, Mark J.
Duff, Shannon M.
Gallardo, Patricio M.
Henderson, Shawn W.
Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty
Hilton, Gene
Hubmayr, Johannes
Khavari, Niloufar
Klein, Jeffrey
Koopman, Brian J.
Li, Dale
McMahon, Jeffrey
Mumby, Grace
Nati, Federico
Niemack, Michael D.
Page, Lyman A.
Salatino, Maria
Schillaci, Alessandro
Schmitt, Benjamin L.
Simon, Sara M.
Staggs, Suzanne T.
Thornton, Robert
Ullom, Joel N.
Vavagiakis, Eve M.
Wollack, Edward J.
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Mechanical design and development of TES bolometer detector arrays for
the Advanced ACTPol experiment
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Cosmic Microwave Background; Transition Edge Sensors; Millimeter-wave;
Polarimetry; Polarization; Superconducting detectors
AB The next generation Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) experiment is currently underway and will consist of four Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometer arrays, with three operating together, totaling similar to 5800 detectors on the sky. Building on experience gained with the ACTPol detector arrays, AdvACT will utilize various new technologies, including 150 mm detector wafers equipped with multichroic pixels, allowing for a more densely packed focal plane. Each set of detectors includes a feedhorn array of stacked silicon wafers which form a spline profile leading to each pixel. This is then followed by a waveguide interface plate, detector wafer, back short cavity plate, and backshort cap. Each array is housed in a custom designed structure manufactured from high purity copper and then gold plated. In addition to the detector array assembly, the array package also encloses cryogenic readout electronics. We present the full mechanical design of the AdvACT high frequency (HF) detector array package along with a detailed look at the detector array stack assemblies. This experiment will also make use of extensive hardware and software previously developed for ACT, which will be modified to incorporate the new AdvACT instruments. Therefore, we discuss the integration of all AdvACT arrays with pre-existing ACTPol infrastructure.
C1 [Ward, Jonathan T.; Devlin, Mark J.; Khavari, Niloufar; Klein, Jeffrey; Mumby, Grace; Nati, Federico; Schmitt, Benjamin L.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Austermann, Jason; Beall, James A.; Duff, Shannon M.; Hilton, Gene; Hubmayr, Johannes; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, 325 Broadway Mailcode 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Gallardo, Patricio M.; Henderson, Shawn W.; Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty; Koopman, Brian J.; Niemack, Michael D.; Vavagiakis, Eve M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Li, Dale] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sandy Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Choi, Steve K.; Crowley, Kevin T.; Page, Lyman A.; Salatino, Maria; Simon, Sara M.; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Schillaci, Alessandro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Astrophys, Avda Libertador Bernardo OHiggins 340, Santiao, Chile.
[Thornton, Robert] West Chester Univ Penn, Dept Phys, 700 South High St, W Chester, PA 19383 USA.
[Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[McMahon, Jeffrey] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Randall Labs, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA.
RP Ward, JT (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012
OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 991437
DI 10.1117/12.2233746
PN 1
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800079
ER
PT S
AU Wheeler, CH
Neric, M
Groppi, CE
Underhill, M
Mani, H
Weinreb, S
Russell, DS
Kooi, JW
Lichtenberger, AW
Walker, CK
Kulesa, C
AF Wheeler, Caleb H.
Neric, Marko
Groppi, Christopher E.
Underhill, Matthew
Mani, Hamdi
Weinreb, Sander
Russell, Damon S.
Kooi, Jacob W.
Lichtenberger, Arthur W.
Walker, Christopher K.
Kulesa, Craig
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI Results of using permanent magnets to suppress Josephson noise in the
KAPPa SIS receiver
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE SIS junction; Heterodyne; KAPPa; Array Receivers; THz
AB We present the results from the magnetic field generation within the Kilopixel Array Pathfinder Project (KAPPa) instrument. The KAPPa instrument is a terahertz heterodyne receiver using a Superconducting-Insulating-Superconducting (SIS) mixers. To improve performance, SIS mixers require a magnetic field to suppress Josephson noise. The KAPPa test receiver can house a tunable electromagnet used to optimize the applied magnetic field. The receiver is also capable of accommodating a permanent magnet that applies a fixed field. Our permanent magnet design uses off-the-shelf neodymium permanent magnets and then reshapes the magnetic field using machined steel concentrators. These concentrators allow the use of an unmachined permanent magnet in the back of the detector block while two small posts provide the required magnetic field across the SIS junction in the detector cavity. The KAPPa test receiver is uniquely suited to compare the permanent magnet and electromagnet receiver performance. The current work includes our design of a 'U' shaped permanent magnet, the testing and calibration procedure for the permanent magnet, and the overall results of the performance comparison between the electromagnet and the permanent magnet counterpart.
C1 [Wheeler, Caleb H.; Neric, Marko; Groppi, Christopher E.; Underhill, Matthew; Mani, Hamdi; Kulesa, Craig] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, 781 E Terrace Rd, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Weinreb, Sander; Kooi, Jacob W.] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Russell, Damon S.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Lichtenberger, Arthur W.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 351 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Walker, Christopher K.; Kulesa, Craig] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Wheeler, CH (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, 781 E Terrace Rd, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99141W
DI 10.1117/12.2231358
PN 1
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800045
ER
PT S
AU Wheeler, J
Hailey-Dunsheath, S
Shirokoff, E
Barry, PS
Bradford, CM
Chapman, S
Che, G
Glenn, J
Hollister, M
Kovacs, A
Leduc, HG
Mauskopf, P
McGeehan, R
McKenney, CM
O'Brient, R
Padin, S
Reck, T
Ross, C
Shiu, C
Tucker, CE
Williamson, R
Zmuidzinas, J
AF Wheeler, J.
Hailey-Dunsheath, S.
Shirokoff, E.
Barry, P. S.
Bradford, C. M.
Chapman, S.
Che, G.
Glenn, J.
Hollister, M.
Kovacs, A.
LeDuc, H. G.
Mauskopf, P.
McGeehan, R.
McKenney, C. M.
O'Brient, R.
Padin, S.
Reck, T.
Ross, C.
Shiu, C.
Tucker, C. E.
Williamson, R.
Zmuidzinas, J.
BE Holland, WS
Zmuidzinas, J
TI SuperSpec: Development Towards a Full-Scale Filter Bank
SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND
INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and
Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Kinetic Inductance Detectors; Millimeter-wave; TiN; Noise Equivalent
Power; SuperSpec; Spectrometer; Filter-Bank; Critical Temperature
AB SuperSpec is a new spectrometer-on-a-chip technology for submm/mm-wave spectroscopy. SuperSpec stands out from other direct-detection submm spectrometer technologies in that the detectors are coupled to a series of resonant filters along a single microwave feedline instead of using dispersive optics. SuperSpec makes use of kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) to detect radiation in this filter bank. The small profile of this design makes SuperSpec a natural choice to produce a multi-object spectrometer for tomographic mapping or galaxy redshift surveys. We have recently fabricated a device that is a 50 channel subset of a full 280 channel filter bank, which would cover the 190- 310 GHz range at R = 275. Analysis of the data from this device informs us of the potential design modifications to enable a high-yield background-limited SuperSpec spectrometer. The results indicate that this subset filter bank can scale up to a full filter bank with only a few collisions in readout space and less than 20% variation in responsivity for the detectors. Additionally, the characterization of this and other prototype devices suggests that the noise performance is limited by generation-recombination noise. Finally, we find that the detectors are sufficiently sensitive for ground-based spectroscopy at R = 100, appropriate for tomographic mapping experiments. Further modifications are required to reach the background limit for R = 400, ideal for spectroscopy of individual galaxies.
C1 [Wheeler, J.; Glenn, J.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hailey-Dunsheath, S.; Bradford, C. M.; Hollister, M.; Kovacs, A.; Shiu, C.; Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd,Mail Code 301-17, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Shirokoff, E.; McGeehan, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Barry, P. S.; Tucker, C. E.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, 5 Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales.
[Chapman, S.; Ross, C.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Coburg Rd, Halifax, NS B3H 1A6, Canada.
[Che, G.; Mauskopf, P.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Che, G.; Mauskopf, P.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Kovacs, A.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Astrophys, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[LeDuc, H. G.; O'Brient, R.; Reck, T.; Williamson, R.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[McKenney, C. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Wheeler, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Wheeler1711@gmail.com
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9914
AR UNSP 99143K
DI 10.1117/12.2233798
PN 1
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PQ
UT WOS:000385793800089
ER
PT S
AU Delacroix, C
Savransky, D
Garrett, D
Lowrance, P
Morgan, R
AF Delacroix, Christian
Savransky, Dmitry
Garrett, Daniel
Lowrance, Patrick
Morgan, Rhonda
BE Angeli, GZ
Dierickx, P
TI Science yield modeling with the Exoplanet Open-Source Imaging Mission
Simulator (EXOSIMS)
SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY VII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for
Astronomy VII
CY JUN 26-28, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE high contrast imaging; exoplanets; space missions; WFIRST; coronagraphs;
end-to-end simulator; integration time; zodiacal light
ID HR 8799
AB We report on our ongoing development of EXOSIMS and mission simulation results for WFIRST. We present the interface control and the modular structure of the software, along with corresponding prototypes and class definitions for some of the software modules. More specifically, we focus on describing the main steps of our high-fidelity mission simulator EXOSIMS, i.e., the completeness, optical system and zodiacal light modules definition, the target list module filtering, and the creation of a planet population within our simulated universe module. For the latter, we introduce the integration of a recent mass-radius model from the FORECASTER software. We also provide custom modules dedicated to WFIRST using both the Hybrid Lyot Coronagraph (HLC) and the Shaped Pupil Coronagraph (SPC) for detection and characterization, respectively. In that context, we show and discuss the results of some preliminary WFIRST simulations, focusing on comparing different methods of integration time calculation, through ensembles (large numbers) of survey simulations.
C1 [Delacroix, Christian; Savransky, Dmitry; Garrett, Daniel] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Delacroix, Christian; Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Carl Sagan Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Lowrance, Patrick] CALTECH, IPAC, M-S 100-22,1200 East Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Morgan, Rhonda] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Delacroix, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.; Delacroix, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Carl Sagan Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM cd458@cornell.edu
RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014;
OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Delacroix,
Christian/0000-0003-0150-4430
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0201-4; 978-1-5106-0202-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9911
AR UNSP 991119
DI 10.1117/12.2233913
PN 1
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PS
UT WOS:000385794000039
ER
PT S
AU Gracey, R
Bartoszyk, A
Cofie, E
Comber, B
Hartig, G
Howard, J
Sabatke, D
Wenzel, G
Ohl, R
AF Gracey, Renee
Bartoszyk, Andrew
Cofie, Emmanuel
Comber, Brian
Hartig, George
Howard, Joseph
Sabatke, Derek
Wenzel, Greg
Ohl, Raymond
BE Angeli, GZ
Dierickx, P
TI Structural, thermal, and optical performance (STOP) modeling and results
for the James Webb Space Telescope integrated science instrument module
SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY VII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for
Astronomy VII
CY JUN 26-28, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE STOP; ISIM; structural; thermal; optical; gravity; jitter
AB The James Webb Space Telescope includes the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) element that contains four science instruments (SI) including a Guider. We performed extensive structural, thermal, and optical performance (STOP) modeling in support of all phases of ISIM development. In this paper, we focus on modeling and results associated with test and verification. ISIM's test program is bound by ground environments, mostly notably the lg and test chamber thermal environments. This paper describes STOP modeling used to predict ISIM system performance in 0g and at various on-orbit temperature environments. The predictions are used to project results obtained during testing to on-orbit performance.
C1 [Gracey, Renee; Sabatke, Derek] Ball Aerosp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Bartoszyk, Andrew; Howard, Joseph; Ohl, Raymond] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Cofie, Emmanuel] SGT Inc, 7515 Mission Dr,Suite 300, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA.
[Comber, Brian] Comber Thermal Solut, 8367 Silver Trumpet Dr, Columbia, MD 21045 USA.
[Hartig, George] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Wenzel, Greg] Sierra Lobo Inc, 6301 Ivy Lane,Suite 620, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
RP Gracey, R (reprint author), Ball Aerosp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
EM rgracey@ball.com
NR 3
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0201-4; 978-1-5106-0202-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9911
AR UNSP 99111A
DI 10.1117/12.2233641
PN 1
PG 20
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PS
UT WOS:000385794000040
ER
PT S
AU Heap, S
Folta, D
Gong, Q
Howard, J
Hull, T
Purves, L
AF Heap, Sara
Folta, David
Gong, Qian
Howard, Joseph
Hull, Tony
Purves, Lloyd
BE Angeli, GZ
Dierickx, P
TI End-to-end simulations and planning of a small space telescope: Galaxy
Evolution Spectroscopic Explorer - a case study
SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY VII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for
Astronomy VII
CY JUN 26-28, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE space telescopes; end-to-end simulations; operations of small space
telescopes; multi-object slit spectrographs
ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES
AB Large astronomical missions are usually general-purpose telescopes with a suite of instruments optimized for different wavelength regions, spectral resolutions, etc. Their end-to-end (E2E) simulations are typically photons-in to flux-out calculations made to verify that each instrument meets its performance specifications. In contrast, smaller space missions are usually single-purpose telescopes, and their E2E simulations start with the scientific question to be answered and end with an assessment of the effectiveness of the mission in answering the scientific question. Thus, E2E simulations for small missions consist a longer string of calculations than for large missions, as they include not only the telescope and instrumentation, but also the spacecraft, orbit, and external factors such as coordination with other telescopes. Here, we illustrate the strategy and organization of small-mission E2E simulations using the Galaxy Evolution Spectroscopic Explorer (GESE) as a case study. GESE is an Explorer/Probe-class space mission concept with the primary aim of understanding galaxy evolution.
Operation of a small survey telescope in space like GESE is usually simpler than operations of large telescopes driven by the varied scientific programs of the observers or by transient events. Nevertheless, both types of telescopes share two common challenges: maximizing the integration time on target, while minimizing operation costs including communication costs and staffing on the ground. We show in the case of GESE how these challenges can be met through a custom orbit and a system design emphasizing simplification and leveraging information from ground-based telescopes.
C1 [Heap, Sara; Folta, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Gong, Qian; Howard, Joseph] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 551, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Hull, Tony] Univ New Mexico, 1155 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA.
[Purves, Lloyd] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 599, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Heap, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0201-4; 978-1-5106-0202-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9911
AR 991117
DI 10.1117/12.2234249
PN 1
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PS
UT WOS:000385794000037
ER
PT S
AU Karban, R
Dekens, FG
Herzig, S
Elaasar, M
Jankevicius, N
AF Karban, Robert
Dekens, Frank G.
Herzig, Sebastian
Elaasar, Maged
Jankevicius, Nerijus
BE Angeli, GZ
Dierickx, P
TI Creating systems engineering products with executable models in a
model-based engineering environment
SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY VII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for
Astronomy VII
CY JUN 26-28, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE MBSE; SysML; Verification; Requirements
AB Applying systems engineering across the life-cycle results in a number of products built from interdependent sources of information using different kinds of system level analysis. This paper focuses on leveraging the Executable System Engineering Method (ESEM) [1] [2], which automates requirements verification (e.g. power and mass budget margins and duration analysis of operational modes) using executable SysML [3] models. The particular value proposition is to integrate requirements, and executable behavior and performance models for certain types of system level analysis. The models are created with modeling patterns that involve structural, behavioral and parametric diagrams, and are managed by an open source Model Based Engineering Environment (named OpenMBEE [4]). This paper demonstrates how the ESEM is applied in conjunction with OpenMBEE to create key engineering products (e.g. operational concept document) for the Alignment and Phasing System (APS) within the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) project [5], which is under development by the TMT International Observatory (TIO) [5].
C1 [Karban, Robert; Dekens, Frank G.; Herzig, Sebastian; Elaasar, Maged] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Jankevicius, Nerijus] No Mag Inc, LT-51480 Kaunas, Lithuania.
RP Karban, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM robert.karban@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0201-4; 978-1-5106-0202-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9911
AR UNSP 99110B
DI 10.1117/12.2232785
PN 1
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PS
UT WOS:000385794000008
ER
PT S
AU Redding, D
AF Redding, D.
BE Angeli, GZ
Dierickx, P
TI Optical error budgeting using linearized ray-trace models
SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY VII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for
Astronomy VII
CY JUN 26-28, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Wavefront error; linearized ray-trace; wavefront control
AB The Root-Sum-Squared, or "RSS" wavefront error model is a simple, scalar tool, commonly used for space telescope error budgeting. At the same time, much more detailed models, combining ray-trace and Fourier optics with optical alignments and wavefront controls, can provide accurate, high-resolution simulations for detailed system and subsystem design. This paper makes a connection between the two modeling approaches by deriving RSS model coefficients from ray-trace models, including the effects of wavefront controls, for computing system performance from component error statistics. It is shown that, properly constructed, the simple RSS error budget is a covariance analysis, and can be as accurate as high-resolution wavefront models for statistical wavefront error prediction. A notional segmented-aperture space telescope is used to illustrate this error modeling process.
C1 [Redding, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Redding, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0201-4; 978-1-5106-0202-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9911
AR UNSP 99110F
DI 10.1117/12.2234484
PN 1
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PS
UT WOS:000385794000012
ER
PT S
AU Stahl, HP
Henrichs, T
AF Stahl, H. Philip
Henrichs, Todd
BE Angeli, GZ
Dierickx, P
TI Towards a multi-variable parametric cost model for ground and space
telescopes
SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY VII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for
Astronomy VII
CY JUN 26-28, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Space Telescope Cost Model; Parametric Cost Model
AB Parametric cost models can be used by designers and project managers to perform relative cost comparisons between major architectural cost drivers and allow high-level design trades; enable cost-benefit analysis for technology development investment; and, provide a basis for estimating total project cost between related concepts. This paper hypothesizes a single model, based on published models and engineering intuition, for both ground and space telescopes:
OTA Cost similar to (X) D ((1.75 +/- 0.05)) lambda ((-0.5 +/- 0.25)) T-0.25 e ((-0.04)Y)
Specific findings include: space telescopes cost 50X to 100X more ground telescopes; diameter is the most important CER; cost is reduced by approximately 50% every 20 years (presumably because of technology advance and process improvements); and, for space telescopes, cost associated with wavelength performance is balanced by cost associated with operating temperature. Finally, duplication only reduces cost for the manufacture of identical systems (i. e. multiple aperture sparse arrays or interferometers). And, while duplication does reduce the cost of manufacturing the mirrors of segmented primary mirror, this cost savings does not appear to manifest itself in the final primary mirror assembly (presumably because the structure for a segmented mirror is more complicated than for a monolithic mirror).
C1 [Stahl, H. Philip] NASA MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35821 USA.
[Henrichs, Todd] Missile Def Agcy, Huntsville, AL 35821 USA.
RP Stahl, HP (reprint author), NASA MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35821 USA.
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0201-4; 978-1-5106-0202-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9911
AR UNSP 99110L
DI 10.1117/12.2234088
PN 1
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PS
UT WOS:000385794000018
ER
PT S
AU Wang, J
Mawet, D
Hu, RY
Benneke, B
AF Wang, Ji
Mawet, Dimitri
Hu, Renyu
Benneke, Bjorn
BE Angeli, GZ
Dierickx, P
TI High-Contrast Imaging and High-Resolution Spectroscopy Observation of
Exoplanets
SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY VII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for
Astronomy VII
CY JUN 26-28, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Exoplanet; coronagraph; high-contrast imaging; high-resolution
spectrograph; atmospheric modeling
ID TAU BOOTIS B; CARBON-MONOXIDE; WATER-ABSORPTION; ORBITAL MOTION;
ATMOSPHERES; PLANET; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; CONSTRAINTS; DAYSIDE; MODELS
AB Detection and characterization of exoplanets faces challenges of smaller angular separation and high contrast between exoplanets and their host stars. High contrast imaging (HCI) instruments equipped with coronagraphs are built to meet these challenges, providing a way of spatially suppressing and separating stellar flux from that of a planet. Another way of separating stellar flux can be achieved by high-resolution spectroscopy (HRS), exploiting the fact that spectral features are different between a star and a planet. Observing exoplanets with HCI+HRS will achieve a higher contrast than the spatial or the spectroscopic method alone, improving the sensitivity to planet detection and enabling the study of the physical and chemical processes. Here, we simulate the performance of a HCI+HRS instrument (i.e., the upgrade Keck NIRSPEC and the fiber injection unit) to study its potential in detecting and characterizing currently known directly imaged planets. The simulation considers the spectral information content of an exoplanet, telescope and instrument specifications and realistic noise sources. The result of the simulation helps to set system requirement and informs designs at system-level.
C1 [Wang, Ji; Mawet, Dimitri] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Hu, Renyu] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Hu, Renyu; Benneke, Bjorn] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Wang, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM ji.wang@caltech.edu
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0201-4; 978-1-5106-0202-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9911
AR UNSP 99112T
DI 10.1117/12.2235216
PN 1
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PS
UT WOS:000385794000084
ER
PT S
AU Zhou, HY
Krist, J
Nemati, B
AF Zhou, Hanying
Krist, John
Nemati, Bijan
BE Angeli, GZ
Dierickx, P
TI Diffraction Modeling of Finite Subband EFC Probing on Dark Hole Contrast
with WFIRST-CGI Shaped Pupil Coronagraph
SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY VII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for
Astronomy VII
CY JUN 26-28, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE diffraction modeling; coronagraph; shaped pupil coronagraph; Electric
Field Conjugation algorithm; mwavefront sensing and control; EFC
probing; WFIRST
AB The current NASA WFIRST (Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope) coronagraph instrument (CGI) design allocates two subband filters per each full science band in order to contain system complexity and cost. We present our detailed investigation results on the adequacy of such a limited number of finite subband filters in achieving broadband dark hole contrast with a shaped pupil coronagraph (SPC). The study is based on diffraction propagation modeling with realistic WFIRST optics, where each subband's image plane electric field is estimated from pairwise pupil plane deformable mirror (DM) probing and image plane intensity averaging of the resulting fields of multiple (subband) wavelengths. Multiple subband choices and probing and control strategies are explored, including standard subband probing; mixed wavelength and/or weighted Jacobian matrix; subband probing with intensity subtraction; and extended subband probing with intensity subtraction. Overall, the investigation shows that the achievable contrast with a limited number of finite subbands is about 2 similar to 2.5x worse than the designed contrast for the current SPC. The result suggests that future shaped pupil designs should be optimized for slightly broader bandwidths than the intended science bandpasses if limited subbands are used for wavefront sensing via probing.
C1 [Zhou, Hanying; Krist, John; Nemati, Bijan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Zhou, HY (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM hanying.zhou@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0201-4; 978-1-5106-0202-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9911
AR UNSP 99111S
DI 10.1117/12.2232129
PN 1
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BF9PS
UT WOS:000385794000052
ER
PT B
AU Laflin, JJ
Anderson, KS
Hans, M
AF Laflin, Jeremy J.
Anderson, Kurt S.
Hans, Mike
BE FontLlagunes, JM
TI Enhancing the Performance of the DCA When Forming and Solving the
Equations of Motion for Multibody Systems
SO MULTIBODY DYNAMICS: COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AND APPLICATIONS
SE Computational Methods in Applied Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics
CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2015
CL Univ Politecnica Catalunya, Barcelona Sch Ind Engn, Barcelona, SPAIN
SP ECCOMAS
HO Univ Politecnica Catalunya, Barcelona Sch Ind Engn
ID PARALLEL O(LOG(N)) CALCULATION; ARTICULATED-BODY ALGORITHM; CONQUER
ALGORITHM; DYNAMICS
AB This chapter provides an initial investigation into using the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) (or similar hardware) to execute the Divide-and-Conquer Algorithm (DCA), which forms and solves the equations-of-motion for articulated multibody systems. The computational time required to form and solve the equations-of-motion of a simple n-length pendulum using the GPU is compared with a standard serial CPU implementation, a rudimentary parallelization on the CPU using OpenMP, and some combinations of the CPU and the GPU. The hybrid version uses the GPU for a select number of levels in the recursive sweeps and uses an OpenMP parallelization on a multi-core CPU for the remaining levels of recursion. The results demonstrate a significant performance increase when the GPU is used despite recursive algorithms being ill-suited to hardware designed for Single Instruction Multi-Data (SIMD). This is largely due to the tree-type structure of recursive processes, with half of the required operations being contained in the first level of recursion for a binary tree.
C1 [Laflin, Jeremy J.; Anderson, Kurt S.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
[Hans, Mike] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Laflin, JJ (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
EM laflij2@rpi.edu; anderk5@rpi.edu; Michael.A.Hans.Jr@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-319-30614-8; 978-3-319-30612-4
J9 COMPUT METH APPL SCI
PY 2016
VL 42
BP 19
EP 31
DI 10.1007/978-3-319-30614-8_2
PG 13
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied
SC Engineering; Mathematics
GA BF8YR
UT WOS:000385278600002
ER
PT B
AU Reddy, DR
Lee, CM
AF Reddy, Dhanireddy R.
Lee, Chi-Ming
GP ASME
TI AN OVERVIEW OF LOW-EMISSION COMBUSTION RESEARCH AT NASA GLENN
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND
EXPOSITION, 2016, VOL 4A
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition
CY JUN 13-17, 2016
CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA
SP Int Gas Turbine Inst
AB An overview of research efforts at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) in low-emission combustion technology that have made a significant impact on the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission reduction in aircraft propulsion is presented. The technology advancements and their impact on aircraft emissions are discussed in the context of NASA's Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) high-level goals in fuel burn, noise and emission reductions. The highlights of the research presented here show how the past and current efforts laid the foundation for the engines that are flying today as well as how the continued technology advancements will significantly influence the next generation of aviation propulsion system designs.
C1 [Reddy, Dhanireddy R.; Lee, Chi-Ming] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Reddy, DR (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-4975-0
PY 2016
AR UNSP V04AT04A003
PG 10
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA BF9CT
UT WOS:000385457400003
ER
PT S
AU Arenberg, J
Adamson, J
Harpole, G
Niedner, M
Bowers, C
Mehalick, K
Lightsey, P
AF Arenberg, J.
Adamson, J.
Harpole, G.
Niedner, M.
Bowers, C.
Mehalick, K.
Lightsey, P.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Radiance from an Ice Contaminated Surface
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE James Webb Space Telescope; sunshield; spacecraft
AB The formation of water ice on key thermal and optical surfaces is a factor in the design of the James Webb Space Telescope. Many of these concerns are related to the mid-infrared stray light performance of the system. In this paper, an expression for the radiance of a contaminated surface is formulated, including directional, film thickness and cooling effects. The resulting formula is then evaluated to show how radiance emanating from the surface changes for various thicknesses of the ice layer as a function wavelength and the local thermal environment. This paper concludes with an analysis and discussion of this complex behavior.
C1 [Arenberg, J.; Adamson, J.; Harpole, G.] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
[Niedner, M.; Bowers, C.; Mehalick, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Lightsey, P.] Ball Aerosp, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Arenberg, J (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99046G
DI 10.1117/12.2234487
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100183
ER
PT S
AU Arenberg, J
Flynn, J
Cohen, A
Lynch, R
Cooper, J
AF Arenberg, J.
Flynn, J.
Cohen, A.
Lynch, R.
Cooper, J.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Status of the JWST Sunshield and Spacecraft
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE James Webb Space Telescope; sunshield; spacecraft
AB This paper reports on the development, manufacture and integration of the James Webb Space Telescope's sunshield and spacecraft. Both of these JWST elements have completed design and development testing. This paper will review basic architecture and roles of these systems. Also to be presented is the current state of manufacture, assembly integration and test. This paper will conclude with a look at the road ahead for each subsystem prior to integration with the integrated telescope and instrument elements at Northrop Grumman's Space Park facility in late 2017.
C1 [Arenberg, J.; Flynn, J.; Cohen, A.] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
[Lynch, R.; Cooper, J.] NASAs Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Arenberg, J (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 990405
DI 10.1117/12.2234481
PG 14
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100004
ER
PT S
AU Aronstein, DL
Smith, JS
Zielinski, TP
Telfer, R
Tournois, SC
Moore, DB
Fienup, JR
AF Aronstein, David L.
Smith, J. Scott
Zielinski, Thomas P.
Telfer, Randal
Tournois, Severine C.
Moore, Dustin B.
Fienup, James R.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Wavefront-error performance characterization for the James Webb Space
Telescope (JWST) Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) science
instruments
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE James Webb Space Telescope; Integrated Science Instrument Module;
wavefront sensing; phase retrieval; wavefront error; focus sweeps; Monte
Carlo simulations
ID TRANSVERSE TRANSLATION DIVERSITY; PHASE-RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS;
DIFFRACTION PLANE PICTURES; IMAGE
AB The science instruments (SIs) comprising the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) were tested in three cryogenic-vacuum test campaigns in the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)'s Space Environment Simulator (SES) test chamber.
In this paper, we describe the results of optical wavefront-error perfourrance characterization of the SIs. The wavefront error is determined using image-based wavefront sensing, and the primary data used by this process are focus sweeps, a series of images recorded by the instrument under test in its as-used configuration, in which the focal plane is systematically changed from one image to the next. High-precision determination of the wavefront error also requires several sources of secondary data, including 1) spectrum, apodization, and wavefront-error characterization of the optical ground-support equipment (OGSE) illumination module, called the OTE Simulator (OSIM), 2) f/# and pupil-distortion measurements made using a pseudo-nonredundant mask (PNRM), and 3) pupil-geometry predictions for each SI field point tested, which are complicated because of a tricontagon-shaped outer perimeter and small holes that appear in the exit pupil due to the way that different light sources are injected into the optical path by the OGSE. One set of wavefront-error tests, for the coronagraphic channel of the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) Longwave instruments, was performed using data from transverse-translation diversity (TTD) sweeps instead of focus sweeps, in which a sub aperture is translated and/or rotated across the exit pupil of the system from one image to the next.
Several optical-performance requirements that were verified during this ISIM Element-level testing are levied on the uncertainties of various wavefront-error-related quantities rather than on the wavefront errors themselves. This paper also gives an overview of the methodology, based on Monte Carlo simulations of the wavefront-sensing analysis of focus-sweep data, used to establish the uncertainties of the wavefront-error maps.
C1 [Aronstein, David L.; Smith, J. Scott; Zielinski, Thomas P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Telfer, Randal] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Tournois, Severine C.] Sigma Space Corp, 4600 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Moore, Dustin B.; Fienup, James R.] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA.
RP Aronstein, DL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM david.aronstein@nasa.gov
NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 990409
DI 10.1117/12.2233842
PG 18
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100008
ER
PT S
AU Atkinson, C
Texter, S
Keski-Kuha, R
Feinberg, L
AF Atkinson, Charlie
Texter, Scott
Keski-Kuha, Ritva
Feinberg, Lee
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Status of the JWST Optical Telescope Element
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE JWST; space-based; observatory; infrared
AB Significant progress has been made in the development of the Optical Telescope Element (OTE) for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Observatory. At the time of the conference, the OTE will have been completely assembled, including deployment testing and optics alignment and installation. This paper will discuss those accomplishments.
C1 [Atkinson, Charlie; Texter, Scott] Northrop Grumman, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA.
[Keski-Kuha, Ritva; Feinberg, Lee] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Atkinson, C (reprint author), Northrop Grumman, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 990403
DI 10.1117/12.2232649
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100002
ER
PT S
AU Belikov, R
Bendek, E
Pluzhnik, E
Sirbu, D
Thomas, SJ
AF Belikov, Ruslan
Bendek, Eduardo
Pluzhnik, Eugene
Sirbu, Dan
Thomas, Sandrine J.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI High Contrast Imaging in Multi-Star Systems: Technology Development and
First Lab Results
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE exoplanet; exo-Earth; high contrast; direct imaging; coronagraph;
wavefront control; binary; Alpha Centauri
AB We show preliminary laboratory results advancing the technology readiness of a method to directly image planets and disks in multi-star systems such as Alpha Centauri. This method works with almost any coronagraph (or external occulter with a DM) and requires little or no change to existing and mature hardware. Because of the ubiquity of multistar systems, this method potentially multiplies the science yield of many missions and concepts such as WFIRST, Exo-C/S, HabEx, LUVOIR, and potentially enables the detection of Earth-like planets (if they exist) around our nearest neighbor star, Alpha Centauri, with a small and low-cost space telescope such as ACESat.
We identified two main challenges associated with double-star (or multi-star) systems and methods to solve them. "Multi-Star Wavefront Control" (MSWC) enables the independent suppression of starlight from more than one star, and Super-Nyquist Wavefront Control (SNWC) enables extending MSWC to the case where star separation is beyond the Nyquist limit of the deformable mirror (DM).
Our lab demonstrations were conducted at the Ames Coronagraph Experiment (ACE) laboratory and proved the basic principles of both MSWC and SNWC. They involved a 32x32 deformable mirror but no coronagraph for simplicity. We used MSWC to suppress starlight independently from two stars by at least an order of magnitude, in monochromatic as well as broadband light as broad as 50%. We also used SNWC to suppress starlight at 32 1/D, surpassing the Nyquist limit of the DM.
C1 [Belikov, Ruslan; Bendek, Eduardo; Pluzhnik, Eugene; Sirbu, Dan] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Thomas, Sandrine J.] Large Synopt Survey Telescope, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Belikov, R (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM ruslan.belikov@nas.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 990422
DI 10.1117/12.2233914
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100061
ER
PT S
AU Bolcar, MR
Feinberg, L
France, K
Rauscher, BJ
Redding, D
Schiminovich, D
AF Bolcar, Matthew R.
Feinberg, Lee
France, Kevin
Rauscher, Bernard J.
Redding, David
Schiminovich, David
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Initial Technology Assessment for the Large-Aperture UV-Optical-Infrared
(LUVOIR) Mission Concept Study
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE large space telescopes; technology development; coronagraphy; stable
systems; detectors; starshades; mirror coatings
AB The NASA Astrophysics Division's 30-Year Roadmap prioritized a future large-aperture space telescope operating in the ultra-violet/optical/infrared wavelength regime. The Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy envisioned a similar observatory, the High Definition Space Telescope. And a multi-institution group also studied the Advanced Technology Large Aperture Space Telescope. In all three cases, a broad science case is outlined, combining general astrophysics with the search for biosignatures via direct-imaging and spectroscopic characterization of habitable exoplanets. We present an initial technology assessment that enables such an observatory that is currently being studied for the 2020 Decadal Survey by the Large UV/Optical/Infrared (LUVOIR) surveyor Science and Technology Definition Team. We present here the technology prioritization for the 2016 technology cycle and define the required technology capabilities and current state-of-the-art performance. Current, planned, and recommended technology development efforts are also reported.
C1 [Bolcar, Matthew R.; Feinberg, Lee; Rauscher, Bernard J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[France, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, UCB 600, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Redding, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Schiminovich, David] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, Broadway & 116th St, New York, NY 10027 USA.
RP Bolcar, MR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM matthew.bolcar@nasa.gov
NR 38
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99040J
DI 10.1117/12.2230769
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100017
ER
PT S
AU Bright, SN
Ressler, ME
Alberts, S
Noriega-Crespo, A
Morrison, JE
Garcia-Marin, M
Fox, O
Rieke, GH
Glasse, AC
Wright, GS
Hines, DC
Bouchet, P
Dicken, D
AF Bright, Stacey N.
Ressler, M. E.
Alberts, Stacey
Noriega-Crespo, Alberto
Morrison, Jane E.
Garcia-Marin, Macarena
Fox, Ori
Rieke, G. H.
Glasse, Alistair C.
Wright, G. S.
Hines, Dean C.
Bouchet, P.
Dicken, D.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI MIRI/JWST Detector Characterization
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE JWST; MIRI; Detector
ID WEBB-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MIDINFRARED INSTRUMENT
AB We report on tests of the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) focal plane electronics (FPE) and detectors conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The goals of these tests are to: characterize the performance of readout modes; establish subarray operations; characterize changes to performance when switching between subarrays and/or readout modes; fine tune detector settings to mitigate residual artifacts; optimize anneal effectiveness; and characterize persistence. The tests are part of a continuing effort to support the MIRI pipeline development through better understanding of the detector behavior. An extensive analysis to determine the performance of the readout modes was performed. We report specifically on the comparison of the fast and slow readout modes and subarray tests.
C1 [Bright, Stacey N.; Noriega-Crespo, Alberto; Morrison, Jane E.; Fox, Ori; Hines, Dean C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Balitmore, MD 21218 USA.
[Ressler, M. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Alberts, Stacey; Morrison, Jane E.; Rieke, G. H.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Garcia-Marin, Macarena] European Space Agcy ESA STScI, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD USA.
[Glasse, Alistair C.; Wright, G. S.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Bouchet, P.; Dicken, D.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA IRFU SAp, Lab AIM Paris Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
RP Bright, SN (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Balitmore, MD 21218 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 990441
DI 10.1117/12.2231751
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100116
ER
PT S
AU Coulter, DR
Gallagher, DB
Siegler, N
Shaklan, S
Stapelfeldt, K
Traub, WA
AF Coulter, Daniel R.
Gallagher, David B.
Siegler, Nicholas
Shaklan, Stuart
Stapelfeldt, Karl
Traub, Wesley A.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI The maturing of high contrast imaging and starlight suppression
techniques for future NASA exoplanet characterization missions
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Exoplanets; coronagraph; starshade; high contrast; starlight suppression
ID PUPIL LYOT CORONAGRAPHS; EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; PIAA CORONAGRAPHY
AB Over 3000 exoplanets and hundreds of exoplanetary systems have been detected to date and we are now rapidly moving toward an era where the focus is shifting from detection to direct imaging and spectroscopic characterization of these new worlds and their atmospheres. NASA is currently studying several exoplanet characterization mission concepts for the 2020 Decadal Survey ranging from probe class to flagships. Detailed and comprehensive exoplanet characterization, particularly of exo-Earths, leading to assessment of habitability, or indeed detection of life, will require significant advances beyond the current state-of-the-art in high contrast imaging and starlight suppression techniques which utilize specially shaped precision optical elements to block the light from the parent star while controlling scattering and diffraction thus revealing and enabling spectroscopic study of the orbiting exoplanets in reflected light. In this paper we describe the two primary high contrast starlight suppression techniques currently being pursued by NASA: 1) coronagraphs (including several design variations) and 2) free-flying starshades. These techniques are rapidly moving from the technology development phase to the design and engineering phase and we discuss the prospects and projected performance for future exoplanet characterization missions utilizing these techniques coupled with large aperture telescopes in space.
C1 [Coulter, Daniel R.; Gallagher, David B.; Siegler, Nicholas; Shaklan, Stuart; Stapelfeldt, Karl; Traub, Wesley A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Coulter, DR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM daniel.r.coulter@jpl.nasa.org
NR 56
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99041S
DI 10.1117/12.2231137
PG 13
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100053
ER
PT S
AU Crooke, JA
Roberge, A
Domagal-Goldman, SD
Mandell, AM
Bolcar, MR
Rioux, NM
Perez, MR
Smith, EC
AF Crooke, Julie A.
Roberge, Aki
Domagal-Goldman, Shawn D.
Mandell, Avi M.
Bolcar, Matthew R.
Rioux, Norman M.
Perez, Mario R.
Smith, Erin C.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Status and path forward for the large ultraviolet/optical/infrared
surveyor (LUVOIR) mission concept study
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE 2020 Astrophysics Decadal Survey; LUVOIR; study process; Science and
Technology Definition Teams (STDTs); Study Office: science analyses;
engineering; technology; deliverables and schedule
AB In preparation of the 2020 Astrophysics Decadal Survey, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has commenced a process for the astronomical community to study several large mission concepts leveraging the lessons learned from past Decadal Surveys. This will enable the Decadal Survey committee to make more informed recommendations to NASA on its astrophysics science and mission priorities with respect to cost and risk. Four astrophysics large mission concepts were identified. Each of them had a Science and Technology Definition Teem (STDT) chartered to produce scientifically compelling, feasible, and executable design reference mission (DRM) concepts to present to the 2020 Decadal Survey. In addition, The Aerospace Corporation will perform an independent cost and technical evaluation (CATE) of each of these mission concept studies in advance of the 2020 Decadal Survey, by interacting with the STDTs to provide detailed technical details on certain areas for which "deep dives" are appropriate. This paper presents the status and path forward for one of the four large mission concepts, namely, the Large UltraViolet, Optical, InfraRed surveyor (LUVOIR).
C1 [Crooke, Julie A.; Roberge, Aki; Domagal-Goldman, Shawn D.; Mandell, Avi M.; Bolcar, Matthew R.; Rioux, Norman M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Perez, Mario R.; Smith, Erin C.] NASA Headquarters, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
RP Crooke, JA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Julie.a.crooke@nasa.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99044R
DI 10.1117/12.2233084
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100137
ER
PT S
AU Crouzier, A
Malbet, F
Henault, F
Leger, A
Cara, C
LeDuigou, JM
Preis, O
Kern, P
Delboulbe, A
Martin, G
Feautrier, P
Stadler, E
Lafrasse, S
Rochat, S
Ketchazo, C
Donati, M
Doumayrou, E
Lagage, PO
Shao, M
Goullioud, R
Nemati, B
Zhai, C
Behar, E
Potin, S
Saint-Pe, M
Dupont, J
AF Crouzier, A.
Malbet, F.
Henault, F.
Leger, A.
Cara, C.
LeDuigou, J. M.
Preis, O.
Kern, P.
Delboulbe, A.
Martin, G.
Feautrier, P.
Stadler, E.
Lafrasse, S.
Rochat, S.
Ketchazo, C.
Donati, M.
Doumayrou, E.
Lagage, P. O.
Shao, M.
Goullioud, R.
Nemati, B.
Zhai, C.
Behar, E.
Potin, S.
Saint-Pe, M.
Dupont, J.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI The latest results from DICE (Detector Interferometric Calibration
Experiment)
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE exoplanets; astrometry; space telescope; centroid; calibration; micro
-pixel accuracy; interferometry; metrology; data processing
AB Theia is an astrometric mission proposed to ESA in 2014 for which one of the scientific objectives is detecting Earth-like exoplanets in the habitable zone of nearby solar-type stars. This objective requires the capability to measure stellar centroids at the precision of 1 x 10-5 pixel. Current state-of-the-art methods for centroid estimation have reached a precision of about 3 x 10-5 pixel at two times Nyquist sampling, this was shown at the JPL by the VESTA experiment. A metrology system was used to calibrate intra and inter pixel quantum efficiency variations in order to correct pixelation errors. The Theia consortium is operating a testbed in vacuum in order to achieve 1 x 10-5 pixel precision for the centroid estimation. The goal is to provide a proof of concept for the precision requirement of the Theia spacecraft. The testbed consists of two main sub-systems. The first one produces pseudo stars: a blackbody source is fed into a large core fiber and lights-up a pinhole mask in the object plane, which is imaged by a mirror on the CCD. The second sub-system is the metrology, it projects young fringes on the CCD. The fringes are created by two single mode fibers facing the CCD and fixed on the mirror. In this paper we present the latest experiments conducted and the results obtained after a series of upgrades on the testbed was completed. The calibration system yielded the pixel positions to an accuracy estimated at 4 x 10-4 pixel. After including the pixel position information, an astrometric accuracy of 6 x 10-5 pixel was obtained, for a PSF motion over more than 5 pixels. In the static mode (small jitter motion of less than 1 x 10-3 pixel), a photon noise limited precision of 3 x 10-5 pixel was reached.
C1 Inst Astrophys & Planetol Grenoble, 414 Rue Piscine, Grenoble, France.
Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat Sca, Ctr Etud Nucl Saclay, Paris, France.
Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Ctr Univ Orsay, Paris, France.
Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, 2 Pl Maurice Quentin, Paris, France.
Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100155
ER
PT S
AU Egron, S
Lajoie, CP
Leboulleux, L
N'Diaye, M
Pueyo, L
Choquet, E
Perrin, MD
Ygouf, M
Michau, V
Bonnefois, A
Fusco, T
Escolle, C
Ferrari, M
Hugot, E
Soummer, R
AF Egron, Sylvain
Lajoie, Charles-Philippe
Leboulleux, Lucie
N'Diaye, Mamadou
Pueyo, Laurent
Choquet, Elodie
Perrin, Marshall D.
Ygouf, Marie
Michau, Vincent
Bonnefois, Aurelie
Fusco, Thierry
Escolle, Clement
Ferrari, Marc
Hugot, Emmanuel
Soummer, Remi
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI James Webb Space Telescope Optical Simulation Testbed III: First
experimental results with linear-control alignment
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE JWST; Linear control alignment; Wavefront Control; Wavefront Sensing
ID PHASE-DIVERSITY; ABERRATIONS; SYSTEMS
AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Optical Simulation Testbed (JOST) is a tabletop experiment designed to study wavefront sensing and control for a segmented space telescope, including both commissioning and maintenance activities. JOST is complementary to existing testbeds for JWST (e.g. the Ball Aerospace Testbed Telescope TBT) given its compact scale and flexibility, ease of use, and colocation at the JWST Science & Operations Center. The design of JOST reproduces the physics of JWST's three-mirror anastigmat (TMA) using three custom aspheric lenses. It provides similar quality image as JWST (80% Strehl ratio) over a field equivalent to a NIRCam module, but at 633 nm. An Iris AO segmented mirror stands for the segmented primary mirror of JWST. Actuators allow us to control (1) the 18 segments of the segmented mirror in piston, tip, tilt and (2) the second lens, which stands for the secondary mirror, in tip, tilt and x, y, z positions. We present the full linear control alignment infrastructure developed for JOST, with an emphasis on multi-field wavefront sensing and control. Our implementation of the Wavefront Sensing (WFS) algorithms using phase diversity is experimentally tested. The wavefront control (WFC) algorithms, which rely on a linear model for optical aberrations induced by small misalignments of the three lenses, are tested and validated on simulations.
C1 [Egron, Sylvain; Lajoie, Charles-Philippe; Leboulleux, Lucie; N'Diaye, Mamadou; Pueyo, Laurent; Choquet, Elodie; Perrin, Marshall D.; Ygouf, Marie; Soummer, Remi] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Egron, Sylvain; Leboulleux, Lucie; Michau, Vincent; Bonnefois, Aurelie; Fusco, Thierry] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, 29 Ave Div Leclerc, F-92320 Chatillon, France.
[Egron, Sylvain; Leboulleux, Lucie; Fusco, Thierry; Escolle, Clement; Ferrari, Marc; Hugot, Emmanuel] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France.
CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 169-506, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Egron, S (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.; Egron, S (reprint author), Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, 29 Ave Div Leclerc, F-92320 Chatillon, France.; Egron, S (reprint author), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France.
EM egron@stsci.edu
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99044A
DI 10.1117/12.2233650
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100125
ER
PT S
AU Ennico, K
Bendek, EA
Lynch, DH
Vassigh, KK
Young, Z
AF Ennico, Kimberly
Bendek, Eduardo A.
Lynch, Dana H.
Vassigh, Kenny K.
Young, Zion
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI The Configurable Aperture Space Telescope (CAST)
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE segmented telescope; modular telescope; spherical primary; small
satellites; satlets
ID PERFORMANCE
AB The Configurable Aperture Space Telescope, CAST, is a concept that provides access to a UV/visible-infrared wavelength sub-arcsecond imaging platform from space, something that will be in high demand after the retirement of the astronomy workhorse, the 2.4 meter diameter Hubble Space Telescope. CAST allows building large aperture telescopes based on small, compatible and low-cost segments mounted on autonomous cube-sized satellites. The concept merges existing technology (segmented telescope architecture) with emerging technology (smartly interconnected modular spacecraft, active optics, deployable structures). Requiring identical mirror segments, CAST's optical design is a spherical primary and secondary mirror telescope with modular multi-mirror correctors placed at the system focal plane. The design enables wide fields of view, up to as much as three degrees, while maintaining aperture growth and image performance requirements. We present a point design for the CAST concept based on a 0.6 meter diameter (3 x 3 segments) growing to a 2.6 meter diameter (13 x 13 segments) primary, with a fixed Rp=13,000 and Rs=8,750 mm curvature, f/22.4 and f/5.6, respectively. Its diffraction limited design uses a two arcminute field of view corrector with a 7.4 arcsec/mm platescale, and can support a range of platescales as fine as 0.01 arcsec/mm. Our paper summarizes CAST, presents a strawman optical design and requirements for the underlying modular spacecraft, highlights design flexibilities, and illustrates applications enabled by this new method in building space observatories.
C1 [Ennico, Kimberly; Bendek, Eduardo A.; Lynch, Dana H.; Vassigh, Kenny K.; Young, Zion] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Ennico, K (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Kimberly.Ennico@nasa.gov
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99041H
DI 10.1117/12.2233149
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100043
ER
PT S
AU Feinberg, L
Rioux, N
Bolcar, M
Liu, A
Guyon, O
Stark, C
Arenberg, J
AF Feinberg, Lee
Rioux, Norman
Bolcar, Matthew
Liu, Alice
Guyon, Olivier
Stark, Chris
Arenberg, Jon
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI End-to-End Assessment of a Large Aperture Segmented Ultraviolet Optical
Infrared (UVOIR) Telescope Architecture
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE ATLAST; LUVOIR; Exoplanet; HDST; Space Telescope
AB Key challenges of a future large aperture, segmented Ultraviolet Optical Infrared (UVOIR) Telescope capable of performing a spectroscopic survey of hundreds of Exoplanets will be sufficient stability to achieve 10(boolean AND)-10 contrast measurements and sufficient throughput and sensitivity for high yield exo-earth spectroscopic detection. Our team has collectively assessed an optimized end to end architecture including a high throughput coronagraph capable of working with a segmented telescope, a cost-effective and heritage based stable segmented telescope, a control architecture that minimizes the amount of new technologies, and an exo-earth yield assessment to evaluate potential performance. These efforts are combined through integrated modeling, coronagraph evaluations, and exo-earth yield calculations to assess the potential performance of the selected architecture. In addition, we discusses the scalability of this architecture to larger apertures and the technological tall poles to enabling these missions.
C1 [Feinberg, Lee; Rioux, Norman; Bolcar, Matthew; Liu, Alice] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Guyon, Olivier] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Stark, Chris] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Arenberg, Jon] NGAS, Redondo Beach, CA USA.
RP Feinberg, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99040H
DI 10.1117/12.2231487
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100016
ER
PT S
AU Feinberg, L
Voyton, M
Lander, J
Keski-Kuha, R
Matthews, G
AF Feinberg, Lee
Voyton, Mark
Lander, Juli
Keski-Kuha, Ritva
Matthews, Gary
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI James Webb Space Telescope Optical Telescope Element/Integrated Science
Instrument Module (OTIS) Status
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE OTIS; OTE; ISIM space telescope
AB The James Webb Space Telescope Optical Telescope Element (OTE) and Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) are integrated together to form the OTIS. Once integrated, the OTIS undergoes primary mirror center of curvature optical tests, electrical and operational tests, acoustics and vibration testing at the Goddard Space Flight Center before being shipped to the Johnson Space Center for cryogenic optical testing of the OTIS. In preparation for the cryogenic optical testing, the JWST project has built a Pathfinder telescope and has completed two Optical Ground System Equipment (OGSE) cryogenic optical tests with the Pathfinder. In this paper, we will summarize optical test results to date and status the final Pathfinder test and the OTIS integration and environmental test preparations
C1 [Feinberg, Lee; Voyton, Mark; Lander, Juli; Keski-Kuha, Ritva] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Matthews, Gary] Harris Corp, Rochester, NY USA.
RP Feinberg, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 990407
DI 10.1117/12.2231453
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100006
ER
PT S
AU Gaskin, J
Ozel, F
Vikhlinin, A
AF Gaskin, Jessica
Ozel, Feryal
Vikhlinin, Alexey
CA X-Ray Surveyor STDT
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI The X-Ray Surveyor Mission Concept Study: Forging the Path to NASA
Astrophysics 2020 Decadal Survey Prioritization
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE X-Ray Surveyor; X-Ray Astronomy; NASA Astrophysics Mission Concept Study
AB The X-Ray Surveyor mission concept is unique among those being studied for prioritization in the NASA Astrophysics 2020 Decadal Survey. The X-Ray Surveyor mission will explore the high-energy Universe; providing essential and complimentary observations to the Astronomy Community. The NASA Astrophysics Roadmap (Enduring Quests, Daring Visions) describes the need for an X-Ray Observatory that is capable of addressing topics such as the origin and growth of the first supermassive black holes, galaxy evolution and growth of the cosmic structure, and the origin and evolution of the stars that make up our Universe. To address these scientifically compelling topics and more, an Observatory that exhibits leaps in capability over that of previous X-Ray Observatories in needed. This paper describes the current status of the X-Ray Surveyor Mission Concept Study and the path forward, which includes scientific investigations, technology development, and community participation.
C1 [Gaskin, Jessica] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Ozel, Feryal] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Vikhlinin, Alexey] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Gaskin, J (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
EM Jessica.Gaskin@nasa.gov
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99040N
DI 10.1117/12.2240459
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100020
ER
PT S
AU Glassman, T
Levi, J
Liepmann, T
Hahn, W
Bisson, G
Porpora, D
Hadjimichael, T
AF Glassman, Tiffany
Levi, Joshua
Liepmann, Till
Hahn, Walter
Bisson, Gary
Porpora, Dan
Hadjimichael, Theo
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Alignment of the James Webb Space Telescope Optical Telescope Element
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE James Web Space Telescope; Optical Integration; Alignment; Space
Telescope; Infrared
AB The optical telescope element (OTE) of the James Webb Space Telescope has now been integrated and aligned. The OTE comprises the flight mirrors and the structure that supports them - 18 primary mirror segments, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary and fine steering mirrors (both housed in the aft optics subsystem). The primary mirror segments and the secondary mirror have actuators to actively control their positions during operations. This allows the requirements for aligning the OTE subsystems to be in the range of microns rather than nanometers. During OTE integration, the alignment of the major subsystems of the OTE structure and optics were controlled to ensure that, when the telescope is on orbit and at cryogenic temperatures, the active mirrors will be within the adjustment range of the actuators.
Though the alignment of this flagship mission was complex and intricate, the key to a successful integration process turned out to be very basic: a clear, concise series of steps employing advanced planning, backup measurements, and cross checks that this multi-organizational team executed with a careful and methodical approach. This approach was not only critical to our own success but has implications for future space observatories.
C1 [Glassman, Tiffany; Levi, Joshua; Liepmann, Till] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, 1 Space Pk Dr, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
[Hahn, Walter] Harris Space & Intelligence Syst, 400 Initiat Dr,POB 60488, Rochester, NY 14606 USA.
[Bisson, Gary] Sigmadyne Inc, 803 West Ave,Suite 311, Rochester, NY 14611 USA.
[Porpora, Dan] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Hadjimichael, Theo] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Glassman, T (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, 1 Space Pk Dr, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
EM tiffany.glassman@ngc.com
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99043Z
DI 10.1117/12.2233792
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100114
ER
PT S
AU Gong, Q
McElwain, M
Shiri, R
AF Gong, Qian
McElwain, Michael
Shiri, Ron
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Lenslet Array to Further Suppress Star Light for Direct Exoplanet
Detection
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Integral field spectrometer; lenslet array; coronagraph; pinhole mask
ID PLANETS
AB Direct imaging plays a key role in the detection and characterization of exoplanets orbiting within its host star's habitable zone. Many innovative ideas for starlight suppression and wavefront control have been proposed and developed over the past decade. However, several technological challenges still lie ahead to achieve the required contrast, including controlling the observatory pointing performance, fabricating occulting masks with tight optical tolerances, developing wavefront control algorithms, controlling stray light, advancing single photon detecting detectors, and integrated system-level issues. This paper explores how a lenslet array and pinhole mask may be implemented to further suppress uncorrected starlight that leaks through the occulting mask. An external occulter, or star shade, is simulated to demonstrate this concept, although this approach can be implemented for internal coronagraphs as well. We describe how to use simple relay optics to control the scene near the inner working angle and the level of the suppression expected. Furthermore, if the lenslet array is the input to an integral field spectrograph, as planned for the WFIRST mission, the spectral content of the exoplanet atmospheres can be obtained to determine if the observed planet is habitable and ultimately, if it is inhabited.
C1 [Gong, Qian; McElwain, Michael; Shiri, Ron] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Gong, Q (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM qian.gong-1@nasa.gov
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99043M
DI 10.1117/12.2231993
PG 19
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100106
ER
PT S
AU Gong, Q
Content, D
Dominguez, M
Emmett, T
Griesmann, U
Hagopian, J
Kruk, J
Marx, C
Pasquale, B
Wallace, T
Whipple, A
AF Gong, Qian
Content, David
Dominguez, Margaret
Emmett, Thomas
Griesmann, Ulf
Hagopian, John
Kruk, Jeffrey
Marx, Catherine
Pasquale, Bert
Wallace, Thomas
Whipple, Arthur
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST) Slitless Spectrometer:
Design, Prototype, and Results
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE grism; slitless spectrometer; high efficiency diffractive surface
AB The slitless spectrometer plays an important role in the WFIRST mission for the survey of emission-line galaxies. This will be an unprecedented very wide field, HST quality 3D survey of emission line galaxies1. The concept of the compound grism as a slitless spectrometer has been presented previously. The presentation briefly discusses the challenges and solutions of the optical design, and recent specification updates, as well as a brief comparison between the prototype and the latest design. However, the emphasis of this paper is the progress of the grism prototype: the fabrication and test of the complicated diffractive optical elements and powered prism, as well as grism assembly alignment and testing. Especially how to use different tools and methods, such as IR phase shift and wavelength shift interferometry, to complete the element and assembly tests. The paper also presents very encouraging results from recent element tests to assembly tests. Finally we briefly touch the path forward plan to test the spectral characteristic, such as spectral resolution and response.
C1 [Gong, Qian; Content, David; Dominguez, Margaret; Emmett, Thomas; Kruk, Jeffrey; Marx, Catherine; Pasquale, Bert; Wallace, Thomas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Griesmann, Ulf] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hagopian, John] Lambda Consulting, Harwood, MD 20776 USA.
[Whipple, Arthur] Conceptual Analyt LLC, Glenn Dale, MD 20769 USA.
RP Gong, Q (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM qian.gong-1@nasa.gov
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 990412
DI 10.1117/12.2231665
PG 18
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100033
ER
PT S
AU Greene, TP
Chu, L
Egami, E
Hodapp, KW
Kelly, DM
Leisenring, J
Rieke, M
Robberto, M
Schlawin, E
Stansberry, J
AF Greene, Thomas P.
Chu, Laurie
Egami, Eiichi
Hodapp, Klaus W.
Kelly, Douglas M.
Leisenring, Jarron
Rieke, Marcia
Robberto, Massimo
Schlawin, Everett
Stansberry, John
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Slitless spectroscopy with the James Webb Space Telescope Near-Infrared
Camera (JWST NIRCam)
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE James Webb Space Telescope; JWST; NIRCam; grisms; slitless spectroscopy
AB The James Webb Space Telescope near-infrared camera (JWST NIRCam) has two 2.'2 x 2.'2 fields of view that are capable of either imaging or spectroscopic observations. Either of two R similar to 1500 grisms with orthogonal dispersion directions can be used for slitless spectroscopy over lambda = 2.4 - 5.0 pm in each module, and shorter wavelength observations of the same fields can be obtained simultaneously. We present the latest predicted grism sensitivities, saturation limits, resolving power, and wavelength coverage values based on component measurements, instrument tests, and end-to-end modeling. Short wavelength (0.6 - 2.3 mu m) imaging observations of the 2.4 5.0 pm spectroscopic field can be performed in one of several different filter bands, either in-focus or defocused via weak lenses internal to NIRCam. Alternatively, the possibility of 1.0 - 2.0 mu m spectroscopy (simultaneously with 2.4 - 5.0 mu m) using dispersed Hartmann sensors (DHSs) is being explored. The grisms, weak lenses, and DHS elements were included in NIRCam primarily for wavefront sensing purposes, but all have significant science applications. Operational considerations including subarray sizes, and data volume limits are also discussed. Finally, we describe spectral simulation tools and illustrate potential scientific uses of the grisms by presenting simulated observations of deep extragalactic fields, galactic dark clouds, and transiting exoplanets.
C1 [Greene, Thomas P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Chu, Laurie; Hodapp, Klaus W.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Egami, Eiichi; Kelly, Douglas M.; Leisenring, Jarron; Rieke, Marcia; Schlawin, Everett] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Robberto, Massimo; Stansberry, John] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Greene, TP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM tom.greene@nasa.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99040E
DI 10.1117/12.2231347
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100013
ER
PT S
AU Greenhouse, MA
AF Greenhouse, Matthew A.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI The JWST Science Instrument Payload: Mission Context and Status
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE JWST
AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the scientific successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. It is a cryogenic infrared space observatory with a 25 m(2) aperture (6 m class) telescope that will achieve diffraction limited angular resolution at a wavelength of 2 um. The science instrument payload includes four passively cooled near-infrared instruments providing broad- and narrow-band imagery, coronography, as well as multi-object and integral-field spectroscopy over the 0.6 < lambda < 5.0 um spectrum. An actively cooled mid-infrared instrument provides broad-band imagery, coronography, and integral-field spectroscopy over the 5.0 < lambda < 29 um spectrum. The JWST is being developed by NASA, in partnership with the European and Canadian Space Agencies, as a general user facility with science observations proposed by the international astronomical community in a manner similar to the Hubble Space Telescope. Technology development and mission design are complete. Construction, integration and verification testing is underway in all areas of the program. The JWST is on schedule for launch during 2018.
C1 [Greenhouse, Matthew A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Greenhouse, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM matt.greenhouse@nasa.gov
NR 33
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 990406
DI 10.1117/12.2231448
PG 13
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100005
ER
PT S
AU Hicks, BA
Lyon, RG
Petrone, P
Ballard, M
Bolcar, MR
Bolognese, J
Clampin, M
Dogoda, P
Dworzanski, D
Helmbrecht, MA
Koca, C
Shiri, R
AF Hicks, Brian A.
Lyon, Richard G.
Petrone, Peter, III
Ballard, Marlin
Bolcar, Matthew R.
Bolognese, Jeff
Clampin, Mark
Dogoda, Peter
Dworzanski, Daniel
Helmbrecht, Michael A.
Koca, Corina
Shiri, Ron
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI The Segmented Aperture Interferometric Nulling Testbed (SAINT) I:
overview and air-side system description
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Exoplanets; high-contrast imaging; nulling interferometry; wavefront
sensing and control; space telescopes; segmented mirrors
ID TELESCOPE; LYOT
AB This work presents an overview of the Segmented Aperture Interferometric Nulling Testbed (SAINT), a project that will pair an actively-controlled macro-scale segmented mirror with the Visible Nulling Coronagraph (VNC). SAINT will incorporate the VNC's demonstrated wavefront sensing and control system to refine and quantify end-to-end high-contrast starlight suppression performance. This pathfinder testbed will be used as a tool to study and refine approaches to mitigating instabilities and complex diffraction expected from future large segmented aperture telescopes.
C1 [Hicks, Brian A.; Ballard, Marlin] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Hicks, Brian A.; Lyon, Richard G.; Bolcar, Matthew R.; Bolognese, Jeff; Clampin, Mark; Koca, Corina; Shiri, Ron] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Petrone, Peter, III; Dogoda, Peter] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA.
[Dworzanski, Daniel] Optimax Syst Inc, Rochester, NY USA.
[Helmbrecht, Michael A.] Iris AO Inc, Berkeley, CA USA.
RP Hicks, BA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Hicks, BA (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM bahicksmail@gmail.com
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 990420
DI 10.1117/12.2234313
PG 14
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100059
ER
PT S
AU Holmes, W
McKenney, C
Barbier, R
Cho, H
Cillis, A
Clemens, JC
Dawson, O
Delo, G
Ealet, A
Feizi, A
Ferraro, N
Foltz, R
Goodsall, T
Hickey, M
Hwang, T
Israellson, U
Jhabvala, M
Kahle, D
Kan, E
Kan, E
Lotkin, G
Maciaszek, T
McClure, S
Miko, L
Nguyen, L
Pravdo, S
Prieto, E
Powers, T
Seiffert, M
Strada, P
Tucker, C
Turck, K
Waczynski, A
Wang, F
Weber, C
Williams, J
AF Holmes, W.
McKenney, C.
Barbier, R.
Cho, H.
Cillis, A.
Clemens, J-C.
Dawson, O.
Delo, G.
Ealet, A.
Feizi, A.
Ferraro, N.
Foltz, R.
Goodsall, T.
Hickey, M.
Hwang, T.
Israellson, U.
Jhabvala, M.
Kahle, D.
Kan, Em.
Kan, Er.
Lotkin, G.
Maciaszek, T.
McClure, S.
Miko, L.
Nguyen, L.
Pravdo, S.
Prieto, E.
Powers, T.
Seiffert, M.
Strada, P.
Tucker, C.
Turck, K.
Waczynski, A.
Wang, F.
Weber, C.
Williams, J.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Modelling Effects of Common Molecular Contaminants on the Euclid
Infrared Detectors
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Euclid; mercury cadmium telluride detectors; infrared focal planes; IR
detector arrays; contamination
ID OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; ICE; ZNS
AB Cleanliness specifications for infrared detector arrays are usually so stringent that effects are neglibile. However, the specifications determine only the level of particulates and areal density of molecular layer on the surface, but the chemical composition of these contaminants are not specified. Here, we use a model to assess the impact on system quantum efficiency from possible contaminants that could accidentally transfer or cryopump to the detector during instrument or spacecraft testing and on orbit operation. Contaminant layers thin enough to meet typical specifications, < 0.5 mu gram/cm(2), have a negligible effect on the net quantum efficiency of the detector, provided that the contaminant does not react with the detector surface, Performance impacts from these contaminant plating onto the surface become important for thicknesses 5 - 50 mu gram/cm(2). Importantly, detectable change in the "ripple" of the anti reflection coating occurs at these coverages and can enhance the system quantum efficiency. This is a factor 10 less coverage for which loss from molecular absorption lines is important. Thus, should contamination be suspected during instrument test or flight, detailed modelling of the layer on the detector and response to very well known calibrations sources would be useful to determine the impact on detector performance.
C1 [Holmes, W.; McKenney, C.; Cho, H.; Dawson, O.; Ferraro, N.; Goodsall, T.; Israellson, U.; McClure, S.; Pravdo, S.; Seiffert, M.; Weber, C.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[McKenney, C.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Cillis, A.; Nguyen, L.; Powers, T.; Tucker, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
[Clemens, J-C.; Ealet, A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Delo, G.; Turck, K.; Williams, J.] CNRS, Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, 163 Ave Luminy, F-13009 Marseille, France.
[Feizi, A.] Global Sci & Technol, 7855 Walker Dr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
[Foltz, R.; Hickey, M.; Jhabvala, M.; Kahle, D.; Kan, Em.; Kan, Er.; Lotkin, G.; Miko, L.; Waczynski, A.] AK Aerosp Technol Corp, 4300 B St, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Hwang, T.; Wang, F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Strada, P.] Arctic Slope Reg Corp, 7000 Muirkirk Meadows Dr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
[Barbier, R.] European Space Technol Ctr, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Prieto, E.] Inst Phys Nucl, 4 Rue Enrico Fermi, Lyon, France.
[Maciaszek, T.] Lab Astrophys Marseilles, Site Chauteau Gombert 38,Rue Frederic Joilot Curi, Marseille, France.
Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, CNES, F-31401 Toulouse, France.
EM warren.a.holmes@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99042R
DI 10.1117/12.2233778
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100078
ER
PT S
AU Hosseini, S
Webster, C
Toon, G
Traub, W
Trauger, J
AF Hosseini, Sona
Webster, Chris
Toon, Geoffrey
Traub, Wesley
Trauger, John
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Concept study for a compact planetary homodyne interferometer (PHI) for
temporal global observation of methane on Mars in IR
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Mars; methane; Spatial Homodyne Spectrometer; SHS; extended targets;
interferometry; spectrometry
ID SPATIAL HETERODYNE SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAVIOLET; LINE
AB We present a concept study to develop a new instrument to sequentially and over a long time measure methane abundance on Mars and find out its global seasonal variations, if any. The Planetary Homodyne Interferometer (PHI) can offer integrated spectra over a wide field-of-view (FOV) in high spectral resolution (R similar to 10(5)) in a compact design using no (or a small < 1m) primary mirror. PHI is best suited to studies of sources where temporally tracing specific spectral features sensitivity, and spectral resolution is of higher significance than spatial fidelity.
C1 [Hosseini, Sona; Webster, Chris; Toon, Geoffrey; Traub, Wesley; Trauger, John] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Hosseini, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99045C
DI 10.1117/12.2233805
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100152
ER
PT S
AU Jackson, K
Wallace, JK
Pellegrino, S
AF Jackson, Kate
Wallace, J. Kent
Pellegrino, Sergio
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Co-phasing primary mirror segments of an optical space telescope using a
long stroke Zernike WFS
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
ID RETRIEVAL
AB Static Zernike phase-contrast plates have been used extensively in microscopy for half a century and, more recently, in optical telescopes for wavefront sensing. A dynamic Zernike wavefront sensor (WFS) with four phase shifts, for reducing error due to spurious light and eliminating other asynchronous noise, has been proposed for use in adaptive optics. Here, we propose adapting this method for co-phasing the primary mirror of a segmented space telescope. In order to extend the dynamic range of the WFS, which has a maximum range of +/ A/2, a phase contrast plate with multiple steps, both positive and negative, has been developed such that errors as large as +/ 10A can be sensed. The manufacturing tolerances have been incorporated into simulations, which demonstrate that performance impacts are minimal. We show that the addition of this small optical plate along with a high precision linear translation stage at the prime focus of a telescope and pupil viewing capability can provide extremely accurate segment phasing with a simple white-light fringe fitting algorithm and a closed-loop controller. The original focal-plane geometry of a centro-symmetric phase shifting element is replaced with a much less constrained shape, such as a slot. Also, a dedicated pupil imager is not strictly required; an existing pupil sampler such as a Shack-Hartmann (SH) WFS can be used just as effectively, allowing simultaneous detection of wavefront errors using both intensity and spot positions on the SH-WFS. This could lead to an efficient synergy between Zernike and SH-WFS, enabling segment phasing in conjunction with high-dynamic range sensing.
C1 [Jackson, Kate; Pellegrino, Sergio] CALTECH, Div Aerosp Engn, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Wallace, J. Kent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Jackson, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Aerosp Engn, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM kathrynj@caltech.edu
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100180
ER
PT S
AU Kendrew, S
Scheithauer, S
Bouchet, P
Amiaux, J
Azzollini, R
Bouwman, J
Chen, C
Dubreuil, D
Fischer, S
Fox, OD
Glasse, A
Gordon, K
Greene, T
Hines, DC
Lagage, PO
Lahuis, F
Ronayette, S
Wright, D
Wright, GS
AF Kendrew, Sarah
Scheithauer, Silvia
Bouchet, Patrice
Amiaux, Jerome
Azzollini, Ruyman
Bouwman, Jeroen
Chen, Christine
Dubreuil, Didier
Fischer, Sebastian
Fox, Ori D.
Glasse, Alistair
Gordon, Karl
Greene, Tom
Hines, Dean C.
Lagage, Pierre-Olivier
Lahuis, Fred
Ronayette, Samuel
Wright, David
Wright, Gillian S.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope:
performance and operation of the Low-Resolution Spectrometer
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
AB We describe here the performance and operational concept for the Low Resolution Spectrometer (LRS) of the mid-infrared instrument (MIRI) for the James Webb Space Telescope. The LRS will provide R-100 slit and slitless spectroscopy from 5 to 12 micron, and its design is optimised for observations of compact sources, such as exoplanet host stars. We provide here an overview of the design of the LRS, and its performance as measured during extensive test campaigns, examining in particular the delivered image quality, dispersion, and resolving power, as well as spectrophotometric performance. The instrument also includes a slitless spectroscopy mode, which is optimally suited for transit spectroscopy of exoplanet atmospheres. We provide an overview of the operational procedures and the differences ahead of the JWST launch in 2018.
C1 [Kendrew, Sarah] Space Telescope Sci Inst, European Space Agcy, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Kendrew, Sarah; Bouwman, Jeroen] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England.
[Kendrew, Sarah; Scheithauer, Silvia] Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, Germany.
[Bouchet, Patrice; Amiaux, Jerome; Dubreuil, Didier; Ronayette, Samuel] Lab AIM Paris Saclay, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Azzollini, Ruyman] UCL, London, England.
[Azzollini, Ruyman] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Dublin, Ireland.
[Chen, Christine; Fox, Ori D.; Gordon, Karl; Hines, Dean C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Fischer, Sebastian] Deutsches Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Bonn, Germany.
[Fischer, Sebastian] Univ Cologne, Phys Inst 1, Cologne, Germany.
[Glasse, Alistair; Wright, Gillian S.] UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Greene, Tom] Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
[Lahuis, Fred] SRON Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
[Lahuis, Fred] Leiden Univ, Leiden, Netherlands.
[Wright, David] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Kendrew, S (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, European Space Agcy, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.; Kendrew, S (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Oxford, England.; Kendrew, S (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, Germany.
EM sarah.kendrew@esa.int
OI Kendrew, Sarah/0000-0002-7612-0469
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 990443
DI 10.1117/12.2232887
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100118
ER
PT S
AU Kim, Y
Sirbu, D
Galvin, M
Kasdin, NJ
Vanderbei, RJ
AF Kim, Yunjong
Sirbu, Dan
Galvin, Mike
Kasdin, N. Jeremy
Vanderbei, Robert J.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Experimental Study of Starshade at Flight Fresnel Numbers in the
Laboratory
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE External Occulters; Starshade; High Contrast Imaging; Exoplanets;
Laboratory Scaling
ID OCCULTER; PLANETS
AB A starshade or external occulter is a spacecraft flown along the line-of-sight of a space telescope to suppress starlight and enable high-contrast direct imaging of exoplanets. Because of its large size and scale it is impossible to fully test a starshade system on the ground before launch. Therefore, laboratory verification of starshade designs is necessary to validate the optical models used to design and predict starshade performance. At Princeton, we have designed and built a testbed that allows verification of scaled starshade designs whose suppressed shadow is mathematically identical to that of a comparable space starshade. The starshade testbed uses 77.2 m optical propagation distance to realize the flight-appropriate Fresnel numbers of 14.5. Here we present the integration status of the testbed and simulations predicting the ultimate contrast performance. We will also present our results of wavefront error measurement and its implementation of suppression and contrast.
C1 [Kim, Yunjong; Galvin, Mike; Kasdin, N. Jeremy; Vanderbei, Robert J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Sirbu, Dan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA.
RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM kimyj@princeton.edu
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99043G
DI 10.1117/12.2231112
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100100
ER
PT S
AU Kimble, RA
Vila, MB
Van Campen, JM
Birkmann, SM
Comber, BJ
Fatig, CC
Glasse, ACH
Glazer, SD
Kelly, DM
Mann, SD
Martel, AR
Novo-Gradac, KJ
Ohl, RG
Penanen, KI
Rohrbach, SO
Sullivan, JF
Zak, D
Zhou, JL
AF Kimble, Randy A.
Vila, M. Begona
Van Campen, Julie M.
Birkmann, Stephan M.
Comber, Brian J.
Fatig, Curtis C.
Glasse, Alistair C. H.
Glazer, Stuart D.
Kelly, Douglas M.
Mann, Steven D.
Martel, Andre R.
Novo-Gradac, Kevin J.
Ohl, Ray G.
Penanen, Konstantin I.
Rohrbach, Scott O.
Sullivan, Joseph F.
Zak, Dean
Zhou, Julia
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Cryo-vacuum testing of the JWST Integrated Science Instrument Module
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE JWST; ISIM; infrared; integration and test; cryo-vacuum testing
AB In late 2015/early 2016, a major cryo-vacuum test was carried out for the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). This test comprised the final cryo-certification and calibration test of the ISIM, after its ambient environmental test program (vibration, acoustics, EMI/EMC), and before its delivery for integration with the rest of the JWST observatory. Over the 108-day period of the round-the-clock test program, the full complement of ISIM flight instruments, structure, harness radiator, and electronics were put through a comprehensive program of thermal, optical, electrical, and operational tests. The test verified the health and excellent performance of the instruments and ISIM systems, proving the ISIM element's readiness for integration with the telescope. We report here on the context, goals, setup, execution, and key results for this critical JWST milestone.
C1 [Kimble, Randy A.; Vila, M. Begona; Van Campen, Julie M.; Comber, Brian J.; Fatig, Curtis C.; Glazer, Stuart D.; Mann, Steven D.; Novo-Gradac, Kevin J.; Ohl, Ray G.; Rohrbach, Scott O.] NASAs Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Vila, M. Begona; Novo-Gradac, Kevin J.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, 7701 Greenbelt Rd 400, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
[Birkmann, Stephan M.] European Space Agcy STScI, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Comber, Brian J.] Comber Thermal Solut, 8367 Silver Trumpet Dr, Columbia, MD 21045 USA.
[Fatig, Curtis C.] AS & D LLC, 7000 Muirkirk Meadows Dr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
[Glasse, Alistair C. H.] UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Kelly, Douglas M.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Mann, Steven D.] Hammers Co, 7500 Greenway Ctr Dr 1500, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
[Martel, Andre R.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Martel, Andre R.] NRC Herzberg Astron & Astrophys, 5071 West Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC, Canada.
[Penanen, Konstantin I.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Sullivan, Joseph F.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Zak, Dean] CSRA, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Zhou, Julia] Honeywell Aerosp, 303 Terry Fox Dr,Suite 100, Ottawa, ON K2K 3J1, Canada.
RP Kimble, RA (reprint author), NASAs Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM randy.a.kimble@nasa.gov
NR 21
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 990408
DI 10.1117/12.2231554
PG 22
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100007
ER
PT S
AU Knight, JS
Feinberg, L
Howard, J
Acton, DS
Whitman, TL
Smith, K
AF Knight, J. Scott
Feinberg, Lee
Howard, Joseph
Acton, D. Scott
Whitman, Tony L.
Smith, Koby
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Hartmann Test for the James Webb Space Telescope
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE JWST; telescope; optical testing; intermediate focus; wavefront sensing;
Hartmann; optical metrology; sparse aperture; phase retrieval
AB The James Webb Space Telescope's (JWST) end-to-end optical system will be tested in a cryogenic vacuum environment before launch at NASA Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Apollo-era, historic Chamber A thermal vacuum facility. During recent pre-test runs with a prototype "Pathfinder" telescope, the vibration in this environment was found to be challenging for the baseline test approach, which uses phase retrieval of images created by three sub-apertures of the telescope. To address the vibration, an alternate strategy implemented using classic Hartmann test principles combined with precise mirror mechanisms to provide a testing approach that is insensitive to the dynamics environment of the chamber. The measurements and sensitivities of the Hartmann approach are similar to those using phase retrieval over the original sparse aperture test. The Hartmann test concepts have been implemented on the JWST Test Bed Telescope, which provided the rationale and empirical evidence indicating that this Hartmann style approach would be valuable in supplementing the baseline test approach.
This paper presents a Hartmann approach implemented during the recent Pathfinder test along with the test approach that is currently being considered for the full optical system test of JWST. Comparisons are made between the baseline phase retrieval approach and the Hartmann approach in addition to demonstrating how the two test methodologies support each other to reduce risk during the JWST full optical system test.
C1 [Knight, J. Scott; Acton, D. Scott; Smith, Koby] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Feinberg, Lee; Howard, Joseph] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Whitman, Tony L.] Harris Corp, 400 Initiat Dr,POB 60488, Rochester, NY 14606 USA.
RP Knight, JS (reprint author), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
EM jsknight@ball.com
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99040C
DI 10.1117/12.2233114
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100011
ER
PT S
AU Kogut, A
Chluba, J
Fixsen, DJ
Meyer, S
Spergel, D
AF Kogut, Alan
Chluba, Jens
Fixsen, Dale J.
Meyer, Stephan
Spergel, David
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE)
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE cosmic microwave background; polarimeter; spectral distortion; blackbody
spectral distortions; Fourier transform spectrometer
ID DIFFERENTIAL MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; B-MODE POLARIZATION;
BACKGROUND-RADIATION; INTERSTELLAR DUST; SPECTRAL DISTORTIONS; POWER
SPECTRUM; EMISSION; UNIVERSE; ANISOTROPY; CONSTRAINTS
AB The Primordial fflation hxplorer is an plorer-class mission to open new windows, universe through measurements of the polarization and absolute frequency spectrum of the cosmic microwavebackground. PIXIE will measure the gravitational-wave signature of primordial inflation through its distinctive imprint in linear polarization, and characterize the thermal history of the universe through precision measurements of distortions itr the blackbody spectrum. PIXIE, 11S(-S an innovative optical design to achieve background limitedsensitivity in 400 spectral channels spanning over 7 octaves in frequency from 30 Gtilz to 6 cm to 50 micron wavelength). Multi-moded non-imaging optics feed a polarizing Fourier Transform Spectrometer to produce a set of interference fringes, proportional to the difference spectrum between orthogonal linear polarizations from the two input beams. Multiple levels of symmetry and signal modulation combine to reduce systematic errors to negligible levels. PIXIE will map the full sky in Stokes I, Q, and U parameters with angular resolution 2.6' and sensitivity 70 nK per l' square pixel. The principal science goal is the detection and characterization of linear polarization from an inflationary epoch in the early universe, with tensor-to-scalar ratio r < 10-3 at 5 standard deviations. The PIXIE mission complements anticipated ground-based polarization measurements such as CMBS4, providing a cosmic-variance-limited determination of the large-scale E-mode signal to measure the optical depth, constrain models of reionization, and provide a firm detection of the neutrino mass (the last unknown parameter in the Standard Model of particle physics). in addition, PIXIE: will measure the absolute frequency spectrum to characterize deviations from a blackbody with sensitivity 3 orders of magnitude beyond the seminal COBE/FIRAS limits. The sky cannot be black at this level; the expected results will constrain physical processes ranging from inflation to the nature of the first stars and the physical conditions within the interstellar medium of the Galaxy. We describe the PIXIE instrument and mission architecture required to measure the CMB to the limits imposed by astrophysical foregrounds.
C1 [Kogut, Alan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Chluba, Jens] Univ Manchester, Ctr Astrophys, Jodrell Bank, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
[Fixsen, Dale J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Meyer, Stephan] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Spergel, David] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Kogut, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD USA.
EM Alan.J.Kogut@nasa.gov
NR 53
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99040W
DI 10.1117/12.2231090
PG 23
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100028
ER
PT S
AU Lajoie, CP
Soummer, R
Pueyo, L
Hines, DC
Nelan, EP
Perrin, M
Clampin, M
Isaacs, JC
AF Lajoie, Charles -Philippe
Soummer, Remi
Pueyo, Laurent
Hines, Dean. C.
Nelan, Edmund P.
Perrin, Marshall
Clampin, Mark
Isaacs, John C.
CA JWST Coronagraphs Working Grp
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Small-Grid Dithers for the JWST Coronagraphs
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE JWST; coronagraphy; post-processing; exoplanets; circumstellar disks
AB We discuss new results of coronagraphic simulations demonstrating a novel mode for JWST that utilizes sub-pixel dithered reference images, called Small-Grid Dithers, to optimize coronagraphic PSF subtraction. These sub-pixel dithers are executed with the Fine Steering Mirror under fine guidance, are accurate to similar to 2-3 milliarcseconds (1-sigma/axis), and provide ample speckle diversity to reconstruct an optimized synthetic reference PSF using LOCI or KLIP. We also discuss the performance gains of Small-Grid Dithers compared to the standard undithered scenario, and show potential contrast gain factors for the NIRCam and MIRI coronagraphs ranging from 2 to more than 10, respectively.
C1 [Lajoie, Charles -Philippe; Soummer, Remi; Pueyo, Laurent; Hines, Dean. C.; Nelan, Edmund P.; Perrin, Marshall; Isaacs, John C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA.
[Clampin, Mark] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Lajoie, CP (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA.
EM lajoie@stsci.edu
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99045K
DI 10.1117/12.2233032
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100159
ER
PT S
AU Leboulleux, L
N'Diaye, M
Riggs, AJE
Egron, S
Mazoyer, J
Pueyo, L
Choquet, E
Perrin, MD
Kasdin, J
Sauvage, JF
Fusco, T
Soummer, R
AF Leboulleux, Lucie
N'Diaye, Mamadou
Riggs, A. J. Eldorado
Egron, Sylvain
Mazoyer, Johan
Pueyo, Laurent
Choquet, Elodie
Perrin, Marshall D.
Kasdin, Jeremy
Sauvage, Jean-Francois
Fusco, Thierry
Soummer, Remi
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI High-contrast imager for Complex Aperture Telescopes (HiCAT). 4. Status
and wavefront control development
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE exoplanets; high-contrast imaging; wavefront sensing; wavefront control;
Speckle Nulling; vibration analysis
ID PUPIL LYOT CORONAGRAPHS; SPACE; PLANETS
AB Segmented telescopes are a possible approach to enable large-aperture space telescopes for the direct imaging and spectroscopy of habitable worlds. However, the increased complexity of their aperture geometry, due to their central obstruction, support structures and segment gaps, makes high-contrast imaging very challenging.
The High-contrast imager for Complex Aperture Telescopes (HiCAT) was designed to study and develop solutions for such telescope pupils using wavefront control and starlight suppression. The testbed design has the flexibility to enable studies with increasing complexity for telescope aperture geometries starting with off-axis telescopes, then on-axis telescopes with central obstruction and support structures (e.g. the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope [WFIRST]), up to on-axis segmented telescopes e.g. including various concepts for a Large UV, Optical, IR telescope (LUVOIR), such as the High Definition Space Telescope (HDST). We completed optical alignment in the summer of 2014 and a first deformable mirror was successfully integrated in the testbed, with a total wavefront error of 13nm RMS over a 18mm diameter circular pupil in open loop. HiCAT will also be provided with a segmented mirror conjugated with a shaped pupil representing the HDST configuration, to directly study wavefront control in the presence of segment gaps, central obstruction and spider.
We recently applied a focal plane wavefront control method combined with a classical Lyot coronagraph on HiCAT, and we found limitations on contrast performance due to vibration effect. In this communication, we analyze this instability and study its impact on the performance of wavefront control algorithms. We present our Speckle Nulling code to control and correct for wavefront errors both in simulation mode and on testbed mode. This routine is first tested in simulation mode without instability to validate our code. We then add simulated vibrations to study the degradation of contrast performance in the presence of these effects.
C1 [Leboulleux, Lucie; N'Diaye, Mamadou; Egron, Sylvain; Mazoyer, Johan; Pueyo, Laurent; Perrin, Marshall D.; Soummer, Remi] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Leboulleux, Lucie; Egron, Sylvain; Sauvage, Jean-Francois; Fusco, Thierry] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France.
[Leboulleux, Lucie; Egron, Sylvain; Sauvage, Jean-Francois; Fusco, Thierry] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, 29 Ave Div Leclerc, F-92320 Chatillon, France.
[Riggs, A. J. Eldorado; Kasdin, Jeremy] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Engn Quadrangle, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Choquet, Elodie] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 169-506, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Leboulleux, L (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.; Leboulleux, L (reprint author), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France.; Leboulleux, L (reprint author), Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, 29 Ave Div Leclerc, F-92320 Chatillon, France.
EM leboulleux@stsci.edu
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99043C
DI 10.1117/12.2233640
PG 13
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100096
ER
PT S
AU Livas, JC
Sankar, SR
AF Livas, Jeffrey C.
Sankar, Shannon R.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Optical telescope system-level design considerations for a space-based
gravitational wave mission
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE gravitational waves; LISA; eLISA; L3 Cosmic Visions; space-based
gravitational wave observatory
AB The study of the Universe through gravitational waves will yield a revolutionary new perspective on the Universe, which has been intensely studied using electromagnetic signals in many wavelength bands. A space-based gravitational wave observatory will enable access to a rich array of astrophysical sources in the measurement band from 0.1 to 100 mHz, and nicely complement observations from ground-based detectors as well as pulsar timing arrays by sampling a different range of compact object masses and astrophysical processes. The observatory measures gravitational radiation by precisely monitoring the tiny change in the proper distance between pairs of freely falling proof masses. These masses are separated by millions of kilometers and, using a laser heterodyne interferometric technique, the change in their proper separation is detected to similar to 10 pm over timescales of 1000 seconds, a fractional precision of better than one part in 1019. Optical telescopes are essential for the implementation of this precision displacement measurement. In this paper we describe some of the key system level design considerations for the telescope subsystem in a mission context. The reference mission for this purpose is taken to be the enhanced Laser Interferometry Space Antenna mission (eLISA), a strong candidate for the European Space Agency's Cosmic Visions L3 launch opportunity in 2034. We will review the flow-down of observatory level requirements to the telescope subsystem, particularly pertaining to the effects of telescope dimensional stability and scattered light suppression, two performance specifications which are somewhat different from the usual requirements for an image forming telescope.
C1 [Livas, Jeffrey C.; Sankar, Shannon R.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Sankar, Shannon R.] CRESST, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Sankar, Shannon R.] USRA, Washington, DC USA.
RP Livas, JC (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Jeffrey.Livas-1@nasa.gov
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99041K
DI 10.1117/12.2233249
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100046
ER
PT S
AU Maciaszek, T
Ealet, A
Jahnke, K
Prieto, E
Barbier, R
Mellier, Y
Beaumont, F
Bon, W
Bonefoi, A
Carle, M
Caillat, A
Costille, A
Dormoy, D
Ducret, F
Fabron, C
Febvre, A
Foulon, B
Garcia, J
Gimenez, JL
Grassi, E
Laurent, P
Le Mignant, D
Martin, L
Rossin, C
Pamplona, T
Sanchez, P
Vives, S
Clemens, JC
Gillard, W
Niclas, M
Secroun, A
Serra, B
Kubik, B
Ferriol, S
Amiaux, J
Barriere, JC
Berthe, M
Rosset, C
Macias-Perez, JF
Auricchio, N
De Rosa, A
Franceschi, E
Guizzo, GP
Morgante, G
Sortino, F
Trifoglio, M
Valenziano, L
Patrizii, L
Chiarusi, T
Fornari, F
Giacomini, F
Margiotta, A
Mauri, N
Pasqualini, L
Sirri, G
Spurio, M
Tenti, M
Travaglini, R
Dusini, S
Dal Corso, F
Laudisio, F
Sirignano, C
Stanco, L
Ventura, S
Borsato, E
Bonoli, C
Bortoletto, F
Balestra, A
D'Alessandro, M
MedinaCeli, E
Farinelli, R
Corcione, L
Ligori, S
Grupp, F
Wimmer, C
Hormuth, F
Seidel, G
Wachter, S
Padilla, C
Lamensans, M
Casas, R
Lloro, I
Toledo-Moreo, R
Gomez, J
Colodro-Conde, C
Lizan, D
Diaz, JJ
Lilje, PB
Toulouse-Aastrup, C
Andersen, MI
Sorensen, AN
Jakobsen, P
Hornstrup, A
Jessen, NC
Thizy, C
Holmes, W
Israelsson, U
Seiffert, M
Waczynski, A
Laureijs, RJ
Racca, G
Salvignol, JC
Boenke, T
Strada, P
AF Maciaszek, Thierry
Ealet, Anne
Jahnke, Knud
Prieto, Eric
Barbier, Remi
Mellier, Yannick
Beaumont, Florent
Bon, William
Bonefoi, Anne
Carle, Michael
Caillat, Amandine
Costille, Anne
Dormoy, Doriane
Ducret, Franck
Fabron, Christophe
Febvre, Aurelien
Foulon, Benjamin
Garcia, Jose
Gimenez, Jean-Luc
Grassi, Emmanuel
Laurent, Philippe
Le Mignant, David
Martin, Laurent
Rossin, Christelle
Pamplona, Tony
Sanchez, Patrice
Vives, Sebastien
Clemens, Jean Claude
Gillard, William
Niclas, Mathieu
Secroun, Aurelia
Serra, Benoit
Kubik, Bogna
Ferriol, Sylvain
Amiaux, Jerome
Barriere, Jean Christophe
Berthe, Michel
Rosset, Cyrille
Macias-Perez, Juan Francisco
Auricchio, Natalia
De Rosa, Adrian
Franceschi, Enrico
Guizzo, Gian Paolo
Morgante, Gianluca
Sortino, Francesca
Trifoglio, Massimo
Valenziano, Luca
Patrizii, Laura
Chiarusi, T.
Fornari, F.
Giacomini, F.
Margiotta, A.
Mauri, N.
Pasqualini, L.
Sirri, G.
Spurio, M.
Tenti, M.
Travaglini, R.
Dusini, Stefano
Dal Corso, F.
Laudisio, F.
Sirignano, C.
Stanco, L.
Ventura, S.
Borsato, Enrico
Bonoli, Carlotta
Bortoletto, Favio
Balestra, Andrea
D'Alessandro, Maurizio
MedinaCeli, Eduardo
Farinelli, Ruben
Corcione, Leonardo
Ligori, Sebastiano
Grupp, Frank
Wimmer, Carolin
Hormuth, Felix
Seidel, Gregor
Wachter, Stefanie
Padilla, Cristobal
Lamensans, Mikel
Casas, Ricard
Lloro, Ivan
Toledo-Moreo, Rafael
Gomez, Jaime
Colodro-Conde, Carlos
Lizan, David
Javier. Diaz, Jose
Lilje, Per B.
Toulouse-Aastrup, Corinne
Andersen, Michael I.
Sorensen, Anton N.
Jakobsen, Peter
Hornstrup, Allan
Jessen, Niels-Christian
Thizy, Cedric
Holmes, Warren
Israelsson, Ulf
Seiffert, Michael
Waczynski, Augustyn
Laureijs, Rene J.
Racca, Giuseppe
Salvignol, Jean-Christophe
Boenke, Tobias
Strada, Paolo
CA Euclid Consortium
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Euclid Near Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer instrument concept and
first test results obtained for different breadboards models at the end
of phase C
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Euclid; Spectroscopy; Photometry; Infrared; Instrument; NISP
AB The Euclid mission objective is to understand why the expansion of the Universe is accelerating through by mapping the geometry of the dark Universe by investigating the distance-redshift relationship and tracing the evolution of cosmic structures. The Euclid project is part of ESA's Cosmic Vision program with its launch planned for 2020 (ref [1]).
The NISP (Near Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer) is one of the two Euclid instruments and is operating in the near-IR spectral region (900-2000nm) as a photometer and spectrometer. The instrument is composed of:
- a cold (135K) optomechanical subsystem consisting of a Silicon carbide structure, an optical assembly (corrector and camera lens), a filter wheel mechanism, a grism wheel mechanism, a calibration unit and a thermal control system
- a detection subsystem based on a mosaic of 16 HAWAII2RG cooled to 95K with their front-end readout electronic cooled to 140K, integrated on a mechanical focal plane structure made with molybdenum and aluminum. The detection subsystem is mounted on the optomechanical subsystem structure
- a warm electronic subsystem (280K) composed of a data processing /detector control unit and of an instrument control unit that interfaces with the spacecraft via a 1553 bus for command and control and via Spacewire links for science data This presentation describes the architecture of the instrument at the end of the phase C (Detailed Design Review), the expected performance, the technological key challenges and preliminary test results obtained for different NISP subsystem breadboards and for the NISP Structural and Thermal model (STM).
C1 [Maciaszek, Thierry] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, Marseille, France.
[Maciaszek, Thierry] LAM Lab Astrophys Astrophys Marseille, UMR 7326, Marseille, France.
[Ealet, Anne; Clemens, Jean Claude; Gillard, William; Niclas, Mathieu; Secroun, Aurelia; Serra, Benoit] Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, Marseille, France.
[Jahnke, Knud; Hormuth, Felix; Seidel, Gregor; Wachter, Stefanie] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Prieto, Eric; Beaumont, Florent; Bon, William; Bonefoi, Anne; Carle, Michael; Caillat, Amandine; Costille, Anne; Dormoy, Doriane; Ducret, Franck; Fabron, Christophe; Febvre, Aurelien; Foulon, Benjamin; Garcia, Jose; Gimenez, Jean-Luc; Grassi, Emmanuel; Laurent, Philippe; Le Mignant, David; Martin, Laurent; Rossin, Christelle; Pamplona, Tony; Sanchez, Patrice; Vives, Sebastien] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, Marseille, France.
[Barbier, Remi; Kubik, Bogna; Ferriol, Sylvain] Inst Phys Nucl, Lyon, France.
[Mellier, Yannick] Inst Astrophys, Paris, France.
[Mellier, Yannick; Amiaux, Jerome; Barriere, Jean Christophe; Berthe, Michel] Commissariat Energie Atom, Saclay, France.
[Rosset, Cyrille] Lab Astroparticule & Cosmol, Paris, France.
[Macias-Perez, Juan Francisco] Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France.
[Auricchio, Natalia; De Rosa, Adrian; Franceschi, Enrico; Guizzo, Gian Paolo; Morgante, Gianluca; Sortino, Francesca; Trifoglio, Massimo; Valenziano, Luca] INAF IASF, Bologna, Italy.
[Patrizii, Laura; Chiarusi, T.; Fornari, F.; Giacomini, F.; Margiotta, A.; Mauri, N.; Pasqualini, L.; Sirri, G.; Spurio, M.; Tenti, M.; Travaglini, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Bologna, Italy.
[Dusini, Stefano; Dal Corso, F.; Laudisio, F.; Sirignano, C.; Stanco, L.; Ventura, S.; Borsato, Enrico] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy.
[Bonoli, Carlotta; Bortoletto, Favio; Balestra, Andrea; D'Alessandro, Maurizio; MedinaCeli, Eduardo; Farinelli, Ruben] Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, Padua, Italy.
[Corcione, Leonardo; Ligori, Sebastiano] INAF Observ Astron Torino, Turin, Italy.
[Grupp, Frank; Wimmer, Carolin] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Garching, Germany.
[Padilla, Cristobal; Lamensans, Mikel] IFAE, Barcelona, Spain.
[Casas, Ricard; Lloro, Ivan] IEEC CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona, Spain.
[Toledo-Moreo, Rafael; Gomez, Jaime; Colodro-Conde, Carlos; Lizan, David] Univ Politecn Cartagena, SSEL, Murcia, Spain.
[Javier. Diaz, Jose] Inst Astrofis Canarias, San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain.
[Lilje, Per B.] Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
[Toulouse-Aastrup, Corinne; Andersen, Michael I.; Sorensen, Anton N.; Jakobsen, Peter] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Hornstrup, Allan; Jessen, Niels-Christian] DTU Space, Lyngby, Denmark.
[Thizy, Cedric] Univ Liege, ULg CSL, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
[Holmes, Warren; Israelsson, Ulf; Seiffert, Michael; Waczynski, Augustyn] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
[Laureijs, Rene J.; Racca, Giuseppe; Salvignol, Jean-Christophe; Boenke, Tobias; Strada, Paolo] European Space Agcy, Estec, F-75738 Paris 15, France.
RP Maciaszek, T (reprint author), Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, Marseille, France.; Maciaszek, T (reprint author), LAM Lab Astrophys Astrophys Marseille, UMR 7326, Marseille, France.
RI Mauri, Nicoletta/B-8712-2017
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99040T
DI 10.1117/12.2232941
PG 18
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100025
ER
PT S
AU Malbet, F
Leger, A
Escude, GA
Sozzetti, A
Spolyar, D
Labadie, L
Shao, M
Holl, B
Goullioud, R
Crouzier, A
Boehm, C
Krone-Martins, A
AF Malbet, Fabien
Leger, Alain
Escude, Guillem Anglada
Sozzetti, Alessandro
Spolyar, Douglas
Labadie, Lucas
Shao, Mike
Holl, Berry
Goullioud, Renaud
Crouzier, Antoine
Boehm, Celine
Krone-Martins, Alberto
CA Theia Collaboration
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Microarcsecond Astrometric Observatory Theia : From Dark Matter to
Compact Objects and Nearby Earths
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE space telescopes; visible domain; astrometry; high precision; detectors;
dark matter; exoplanets; space mission
AB Theia is a logical successor to Gaia, as a focused, very high precision astrometry mission which addresses two key science objectives of the ESA Cosmic Vision program: the nature of dark matter and the search for habitable planets. Theia addresses a number of other science cases strongly synergistic with ongoing/planned missions, such as the nature of compact objects, motions of stars in young stellar clusters, follow-up of Gaia objects of interest. The "point and stare" operational mode will enable Theia to answer some of the most profound questions that the results of the Gaias survey will ask. Extremely-high-precision astrometry at 1-pas level can only be reached from space. The Theia spacecraft, which will carry a 0.8-m telescope, is foreseen to operate at L2 for 3,5 years. The preliminary Theia mission assessment allowed to identify a safe and robust mission architecture that demonstrates the mission feasibility within the Soyuz ST launch envelope and a small M-class mission cost cap. We present here the features of the mission that has been submitted to the last ESA M4 call in January 2015.
C1 [Malbet, Fabien; Crouzier, Antoine] Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
[Malbet, Fabien; Crouzier, Antoine] CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
[Leger, Alain] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IAS, Orsay, France.
[Escude, Guillem Anglada] Queen Mary Coll, London, England.
[Sozzetti, Alessandro] INAF Osservatorio Astron Torino, Rome, Italy.
[Spolyar, Douglas] AlbaNova Univ Ctr, NORDITA, Stockholm, Sweden.
[Labadie, Lucas] Univ Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
[Shao, Mike; Goullioud, Renaud] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Holl, Berry] Observ Geneva, Versoix, Switzerland.
[Crouzier, Antoine] Observ Paris, LESIA, Paris, France.
[Boehm, Celine] Univ Durham, Durham DH1 3HP, England.
[Krone-Martins, Alberto] Univ Lisbon, SIM, Lisbon, Portugal.
RP Malbet, F (reprint author), Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.; Malbet, F (reprint author), CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
EM Fabien.Malbet@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr
OI Anglada Escude, Guillem/0000-0002-3645-5977; Krone-Martins,
Alberto/0000-0002-2308-6623
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99042F
DI 10.1117/12.2234425
PG 16
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100070
ER
PT S
AU Matthews, GW
Whitman, TL
Feinberg, LD
Voyton, MF
Lander, JA
Keski-Kuha, R
AF Matthews, Gary W.
Whitman, Tony L.
Feinberg, Lee D.
Voyton, Mark F.
Lander, Juli A.
Keski-Kuha, Ritva
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI JWST telescope integration and test progress
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE JWST; Telescope; Integration; Test; Cryo
AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a 6.5m, segmented, IR telescope that will explore the first light of the universe after the big bang. The JWST Optical Telescope Element (Telescope) integration and test program is well underway. The telescope was completed in the spring of 2016 and the cryogenic test equipment has been through two optical test programs leading up to the final flight verification program. The details of the telescope mirror integration will be provided along with the current status of the flight observatory. In addition, the results of the two optical ground support equipment cryo tests will be shown and how these plans fold into the flight verification program.
C1 [Matthews, Gary W.; Whitman, Tony L.] Harris, Melbourne, FL 55032 USA.
[Matthews, Gary W.; Whitman, Tony L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20024 USA.
RP Matthews, GW (reprint author), Harris, Melbourne, FL 55032 USA.; Matthews, GW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20024 USA.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 990404
DI 10.1117/12.2232040
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100003
ER
PT S
AU McElwain, MW
Mandell, AM
Gong, Q
Llop-Sayson, J
Brandt, T
Chambers, VJ
Grammer, B
Greeley, B
Hilton, G
Perrin, MD
Stapelfeldt, KR
Demers, R
Tang, H
Cady, E
AF McElwain, Michael W.
Mandell, Avi M.
Gong, Qian
Llop-Sayson, Jorge
Brandt, Timothy
Chambers, Victor J.
Grammer, Bryan
Greeley, Bradford
Hilton, George
Perrin, Marshall D.
Stapelfeldt, Karl R.
Demers, Richard
Tang, Hong
Cady, Eric
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI PISCES: An Integral Field Spectrograph Technology Demonstration for the
WFIRST Coronagraph
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Lenslet Arrays; Integral Field Spectroscopy; Imaging Spectroscopy;
High-Contrast Imaging; Speckle Suppression; Wavefront Sensing and
Control; Exoplanets
ID 3D
AB We present the design, integration, and test of the Prototype Imaging Spectrograph for Coronagraphic Exoplanet Studies (PISCES) integral field spectrograph (IFS). The PISCES design meets the science requirements for the Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST) Coronagraph Instrument (CGI). PISCES was integrated and tested in the integral field spectroscopy laboratory at NASA Goddard. In June 2016, PISCES was delivered to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) where it was integrated with the Shaped Pupil Coronagraph (SPC) High Contrast Imaging Testbed (HCIT). The SPC/PISCES configuration will demonstrate high contrast integral field spectroscopy as part of the WFIRST CGI technology development program.
C1 [McElwain, Michael W.; Mandell, Avi M.; Gong, Qian; Chambers, Victor J.; Greeley, Bradford] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Llop-Sayson, Jorge] Catholic Univ Amer, 620 Michigan Ave, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Brandt, Timothy] Inst Adv Study, 1 Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Grammer, Bryan] Design Interface, 3451 Gamber Rd, Finksberg, MD 21048 USA.
[Hilton, George] Newton Engn, 7100 Chesapeake Rd,Suite 202, Hyattsville, MD 20784 USA.
[Perrin, Marshall D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Stapelfeldt, Karl R.; Demers, Richard; Tang, Hong; Cady, Eric] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, La Canada Flintridge, CA 91011 USA.
RP McElwain, MW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99041A
DI 10.1117/12.2231671
PG 18
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100037
ER
PT S
AU Meixner, M
Cooray, A
Carter, R
DiPirro, M
Flores, A
Leisawitz, D
Armus, L
Battersby, C
Bergin, E
Bradford, CM
Ennico, K
Melnick, GJ
Milam, S
Narayanan, D
Pontoppidan, K
Pope, A
Roellig, T
Sandstrom, K
Su, KYL
Vieira, J
Wright, E
Zmuidzinas, J
Alato, S
Carey, S
Gerin, M
Helmich, F
Menten, K
Scott, D
Sakon, I
Vavrek, R
AF Meixner, M.
Cooray, A.
Carter, R.
DiPirro, M.
Flores, A.
Leisawitz, D.
Armus, L.
Battersby, C.
Bergin, E.
Bradford, C. M.
Ennico, K.
Melnick, G. J.
Milam, S.
Narayanan, D.
Pontoppidan, K.
Pope, A.
Roellig, T.
Sandstrom, K.
Su, K. Y. L.
Vieira, J.
Wright, E.
Zmuidzinas, J.
Alato, S.
Carey, S.
Gerin, M.
Helmich, F.
Menten, K.
Scott, D.
Sakon, I.
Vavrek, R.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI The Far-Infrared Surveyor Mission Study: Paper I, the Genesis
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
ID ASTRONOMY
AB This paper describes the beginning of the Far-Infrared Surveyor mission study for NASA's Astrophysics Decadal 2020. We describe the scope of the study, and the open process approach of the Science and Technology Definition Team. We are currently developing the science cases and provide some preliminary highlights here. We note key areas for technological innovation and improvements necessary to make a Far-Infrared Surveyor mission a reality.
C1 [Meixner, M.; Pontoppidan, K.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Meixner, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Cooray, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA USA.
[Carter, R.; DiPirro, M.; Flores, A.; Leisawitz, D.; Milam, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Armus, L.; Carey, S.] NASA, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Battersby, C.; Melnick, G. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Bergin, E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Bradford, C. M.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Ennico, K.; Roellig, T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Narayanan, D.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA.
[Pope, A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, LGRT B 619E, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Sandstrom, K.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Su, K. Y. L.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Vieira, J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Wright, E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Alato, S.] SNSB, Stockholm, Sweden.
[Gerin, M.] CNES, Paris, France.
[Helmich, F.] SRON, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Menten, K.] DLR, Cologne, Germany.
[Scott, D.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Sakon, I.] JAXA, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan.
[Vavrek, R.] ESA, Paris, France.
RP Meixner, M (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.; Meixner, M (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
EM meixner@stsci.edu
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99040K
DI 10.1117/12.2240456
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100018
ER
PT S
AU Mennesson, B
Gaudi, S
Seager, S
Cahoy, K
Domagal-Goldman, S
Feinberg, L
Guyon, O
Kasdin, J
Marois, C
Mawet, D
Motohide, T
Mouillet, D
Prusti, T
Quirrenbach, A
Robinson, T
Rogers, L
Scowen, P
Somerville, R
Stapelfeldt, K
Stern, D
Still, M
Turnbull, M
Booth, J
Kiessling, A
Kuan, G
Warfield, K
AF Mennesson, Bertrand
Gaudi, Scott
Seager, Sara
Cahoy, Kerri
Domagal-Goldman, Shawn
Feinberg, Lee
Guyon, Olivier
Kasdin, Jeremy
Marois, Christian
Mawet, Dimitri
Motohide, Tamura
Mouillet, David
Prusti, Timo
Quirrenbach, Andreas
Robinson, Tyler
Rogers, Leslie
Scowen, Paul
Somerville, Rachel
Stapelfeldt, Karl
Stern, Daniel
Still, Martin
Turnbull, Margaret
Booth, Jeffrey
Kiessling, Alina
Kuan, Gary
Warfield, Keith
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI The Habitable Exoplanet (HabEx) Imaging Mission: preliminary science
drivers and technical requirements
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Exoplanets; biosignatures; high contrast imaging; galaxy formation and
evolution; coronagraph; starshade
ID PLANETS; EARTH; STARS; LIFE
AB HabEx is one of four candidate flagship missions being studied in detail by NASA, to be submitted for consideration to the 2020 Decadal Survey in Astronomy and Astrophysics for possible launch in the 2030s. It will be optimized for direct imaging and spectroscopy of potentially habitable exoplanets, and will also enable a wide range of general astrophysics science. HabEx aims to fully characterize planetary systems around nearby solar-type stars for the first time, including rocky planets, possible water worlds, gas giants, ice giants, and faint circumstellar debris disks. In particular, it will explore our nearest neighbors and search for signs of habitability and biosignatures in the atmospheres of rocky planets in the habitable zones of their parent stars. Such high spatial resolution, high contrast observations require a large (roughly greater than 3.5m), stable, and diffraction-limited optical space telescope. Such a telescope also opens up unique capabilities for studying the formation and evolution of stars and galaxies. We present some preliminary science objectives identified for HabEx by our Science and Technology Definition Team (STDT), together with a first look at the key challenges and design trades ahead.
C1 [Mennesson, Bertrand; Gaudi, Scott; Stapelfeldt, Karl; Stern, Daniel; Booth, Jeffrey; Kiessling, Alina; Kuan, Gary; Warfield, Keith] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Gaudi, Scott; Cahoy, Kerri] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Seager, Sara] MIT, Dept Phys, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Domagal-Goldman, Shawn; Feinberg, Lee] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Guyon, Olivier] Univ Arizona, 933 North Cherry Ave,POB 210065, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Guyon, Olivier] Subaru Telescope, 933 North Cherry Ave,POB 210065, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Kasdin, Jeremy] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Marois, Christian] Herzberg Inst Astrophys, NRC, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada.
[Mawet, Dimitri] CALTECH, Dept Astron, 1200 E Calif Blvd,MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Motohide, Tamura] Univ Tokyo, Osawa 2-21-1, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan.
[Motohide, Tamura] NAOJ, Osawa 2-21-1, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan.
[Mouillet, David] IPAG, CNRS, UMR 5274, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France.
[Prusti, Timo] Estec, ESA Sci Support Off, POB 299, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Quirrenbach, Andreas] ZAH, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl 12, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Robinson, Tyler] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Rogers, Leslie] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Scowen, Paul] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, POB 876004, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Somerville, Rachel] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[Still, Martin] NASA Headquarters, Sci Mission Directorate, Div Astrophys, Mail Suite 3U32,300 St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
[Turnbull, Margaret] Global Sci Inst, POB 252, Antigo, WI 54409 USA.
RP Mennesson, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Bertrand.Mennesson@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 13
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99040L
DI 10.1117/12.2240457
PG 26
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100019
ER
PT S
AU Perrin, MD
Acton, DS
Lajoie, CP
Knight, JS
Lallo, MD
Allen, M
Baggett, W
Barker, E
Comeau, T
Coppock, E
Dean, BH
Hartig, G
Hayden, WL
Jordan, M
Jurling, A
Kulp, T
Long, J
McElwain, MW
Meza, L
Nelan, EP
Soummer, R
Stansberry, J
Stark, C
Telfer, R
Welsh, A
Zielinski, TP
Zimmerman, NT
AF Perrin, Marshall D.
Acton, D. Scott
Lajoie, Charles-Philippe
Knight, J. Scott
Lallo, Matthew D.
Allen, Marsha
Baggett, Wayne
Barker, Elizabeth
Comeau, Thomas
Coppock, Eric
Dean, Bruce H.
Hartig, George
Hayden, William L.
Jordan, Margaret
Jurling, Alden
Kulp, Trey
Long, Joseph
McElwain, Michael W.
Meza, Luis
Nelan, Edmund P.
Soummer, Remi
Stansberry, John
Stark, Christopher
Telfer, Randal
Welsh, Andria
Zielinski, Thomas P.
Zimmerman, Neil T.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Preparing for JWST Wavefront Sensing and Control Operations
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE JWST; Wavefront Sensing and Controls; Operations
ID DIVERSE PHASE RETRIEVAL; EXTENDED CAPTURE RANGE; SEGMENTED MIRRORS
AB The James Webb Space Telescopes segmented primary and deployable secondary mirrors will be actively controlled to achieve optical alignment through a complex series of steps that will extend across several months during the observatory's commissioning. This process will require an intricate interplay between individual wavefront sensing and control tasks, instrument-level checkout and commissioning, and observatory-level calibrations, which involves many subsystems across both the observatory and the ground system. Furthermore, commissioning will often exercise observatory capabilities under atypical circumstances, such as fine guiding with unstacked or defocused images, or planning targeted observations in the presence of substantial time-variable offsets to the telescope line of sight. Coordination for this process across the JWST partnership has been conducted through the Wavefront Sensing & Control Operations Working Group. We describe at a high level the activities of this group and the resulting detailed commissioning operations plans, supporting software tools development, and ongoing preparations activities at the Science & Operations Center. For each major step in JWST's wavefront sensing and control, we also explain the changes and additions that were needed to turn an initial operations concept into a flight-ready plan with proven tools. These efforts are leading to a robust and well-tested process and preparing the team for an efficient and successful commissioning of JWSTs active telescope.
C1 [Perrin, Marshall D.; Lajoie, Charles-Philippe; Lallo, Matthew D.; Allen, Marsha; Baggett, Wayne; Barker, Elizabeth; Comeau, Thomas; Hartig, George; Jordan, Margaret; Kulp, Trey; Long, Joseph; Nelan, Edmund P.; Soummer, Remi; Stansberry, John; Stark, Christopher; Telfer, Randal; Zimmerman, Neil T.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Acton, D. Scott; Knight, J. Scott; Coppock, Eric] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Dean, Bruce H.; Hayden, William L.; Jurling, Alden; McElwain, Michael W.; Zielinski, Thomas P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Meza, Luis; Welsh, Andria] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, 1 Space Pk, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
RP Perrin, MD (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
EM mperrin@stsci.edu
NR 28
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99040F
DI 10.1117/12.2233104
PG 19
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100014
ER
PT S
AU Reed, BB
DeWeese, K
Kienlen, M
Aranyos, T
Pellegrino, J
Bacon, C
Qureshi, A
AF Reed, Benjamin B.
DeWeese, Keith
Kienlen, Michael
Aranyos, Thomas
Pellegrino, Joseph
Bacon, Charles
Qureshi, Atif
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI SEL2 Servicing: Increased Science Return via On-Orbit Propellant
Replenishment
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE satellite servicing; robotics; refueling; SEL2 servicing; cooperative
serving aids; Restore-L
AB Spacecraft designers are driving observatories to the distant Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 2 (SEL2) to meet ever-increasing science requirements. The mass fraction dedicated to propellant for these observatories to reach and operate at SEL2 will be allocated with the upmost care, as it comes at the expense of optics and instrument masses. As such, these observatories could benefit from on-orbit refueling, allowing greater dry-to-wet mass ratio at launch and/or longer mission life.
NASA is developing technologies, capabilities and integrated mission designs for multiple servicing applications in low Earth orbit (LEO), geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO) and cisluner locations. Restore-L, a mission officially in formulation, will launch a free-flying robotic servicer to refuel a government-owned satellite in LEO by mid 2020.
This paper will detail the results of a point design mission study to extend Restore-L servicing technologies from LEO to SEL2. This SEL2 mission would launch an autonomous, robotic servicer spacecraft equipped to extend the life of two space assets through refueling. Two space platforms were chosen to 1) drive the requirements for achieving SEL2 orbit and rendezvous with a spacecraft, and 2) to drive the requirements to translate within SEL2 to conduct a follow-on servicing mission. Two fuels, xenon and hydrazine, were selected to assess a multiple delivery system. This paper will address key mission drivers, such as servicer autonomy (necessitated due to communications latency at L2). Also discussed will be the value of adding cooperative servicing elements to the client observatories to reduce mission risk.
C1 [Reed, Benjamin B.; DeWeese, Keith; Kienlen, Michael] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 408, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Aranyos, Thomas] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
[Pellegrino, Joseph; Bacon, Charles] Orbital ATK, Space Syst, 7500 Greenway Ctr Dr,Suite 700, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
[Qureshi, Atif] Jackson & Tull, 6411 Ivy Lane,Suite 204, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
RP Reed, BB (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 408, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM benjamin.b.reed@nasa.gov
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99041N
DI 10.1117/12.2231290
PG 16
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100048
ER
PT S
AU Ricker, GR
Vanderspek, H
Winn, J
Seager, S
Berta-Thompson, Z
Levine, A
Villasenor, J
Latham, D
Charbonneau, D
Holman, M
Johnson, J
Sasselov, D
Szentgyorgyi, A
Torres, G
Bakos, G
Brown, T
Christensen-Dalsgaard, J
Kjeldsen, H
Clampin, M
Rinehart, S
Deming, D
Doty, J
Dunham, E
Ida, S
Kawai, N
Sato, B
Jenkins, J
Lissauer, J
Jernigan, G
Kaltenegger, L
Laughlin, G
Lin, D
McCullough, P
Narita, N
Pepper, J
Stassun, K
Udry, S
AF Ricker, G. R.
Vanderspek, H.
Winn, J.
Seager, S.
Berta-Thompson, Z.
Levine, A.
Villasenor, J.
Latham, D.
Charbonneau, D.
Holman, M.
Johnson, J.
Sasselov, D.
Szentgyorgyi, A.
Torres, G.
Bakos, G.
Brown, T.
Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
Kjeldsen, H.
Clampin, M.
Rinehart, S.
Deming, D.
Doty, J.
Dunham, E.
Ida, S.
Kawai, N.
Sato, B.
Jenkins, J.
Lissauer, J.
Jernigan, G.
Kaltenegger, L.
Laughlin, G.
Lin, D.
McCullough, P.
Narita, N.
Pepper, J.
Stassun, K.
Udry, S.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Exoplanet; extrasolar planet; photometry; satellite; transit
ID PLANETS; KEPLER; STARS; TELESCOPE; CATALOG; SYSTEMS
AB The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) will search the solar neighborhood for planets transiting bright stars. TESS has been selected by NASA for launch in 2017 as an Astrophysics Explorer mission. The spacecraft will be placed into a highly elliptical 13.7-day orbit around the Earth. During its two-year mission, TESS will employ four wide-field optical CCD cameras to monitor at least 200,000 main-sequence dwarf stars with I-C less than or similar to 13 for temporary drops in brightness caused by planetary transits. Each star will be observed for an interval ranging from one month to one year, depending on the star's ecliptic latitude. The longest observing intervals will be for stars near the ecliptic poles, which are the optimal locations for follow-up observations with the James Webb Space Telescope. Brightness measurements of preselected target stars will be recorded every 2 min, and full frame images will be recorded every 30 min. TESS stars will be 10-100 times brighter than those surveyed by the pioneering Kepler mission. This will make TESS planets easier to characterize with follow-up observations. TESS is expected to find more than a thousand planets smaller than Neptune, including dozens that are comparable in size to the Earth. Public data releases will occur every four months, inviting immediate community- wide efforts to study the new planets. The TESS legacy will be a catalog of the nearest and brightest stars hosting transiting planets, which will endure as highly favorable targets for detailed investigations.
C1 [Ricker, G. R.; Vanderspek, H.; Winn, J.; Seager, S.; Berta-Thompson, Z.; Levine, A.; Villasenor, J.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Latham, D.; Charbonneau, D.; Holman, M.; Johnson, J.; Sasselov, D.; Szentgyorgyi, A.; Torres, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Bakos, G.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Brown, T.] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117 USA.
[Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Kjeldsen, H.] Aarhus Univ, Stellar Astrophys Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
[Clampin, M.; Rinehart, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Deming, D.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Doty, J.] Noqsi Aerosp Ltd, Pine, CO 80470 USA.
[Dunham, E.] Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Ida, S.; Kawai, N.; Sato, B.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan.
[Jenkins, J.; Lissauer, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Jernigan, G.] UCB, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Kaltenegger, L.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
[Laughlin, G.; Lin, D.] UCO, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[McCullough, P.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[McCullough, P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Narita, N.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.
[Pepper, J.] Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
[Stassun, K.] Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.
[Stassun, K.] Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.
[Udry, S.] Observ Genve, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland.
RP Ricker, GR (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM grr@space.mit.edu
OI Pepper, Joshua/0000-0002-3827-8417
NR 48
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99042B
DI 10.1117/12.2232071
PG 18
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100066
ER
PT S
AU Riggs, AJE
Cady, EJ
Prada, CM
Kern, BD
Zhou, HY
Kasdin, NJ
Groff, TD
AF Riggs, A. J. Eldorado
Cady, Eric J.
Prada, Camilo Mejia
Kern, Brian D.
Zhou, Hanying
Kasdin, N. Jeremy
Groff, Tyler D.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Low-Signal, Coronagraphic Wavefront Estimation with Kalman Filtering in
the High Contrast Imaging Testbed
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE WFIRST; wavefront correction; coronagraph; shaped pupil; high contrast;
Kalman filter
AB For direct imaging and spectral characterization of cold exoplanets in reflected light, the proposed Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) Coronagraph Instrument (CGI) will carry two types of coronagraphs. The High Contrast Imaging Testbed (HCIT) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has been testing both coronagraph types and demonstrated their abilities to achieve high contrast. Focal plane wavefront correction is used to estimate and mitigate aberrations. As the most time-consuming part of correction during a space mission, the acquisition of probed images for electric field estimation needs to be as short as possible. We present results from the HCIT of narrowband, low-signal wavefront estimation tests using a shaped pupil Lyot coronagraph (SPLC) designed for the WFIRST CGI. In the low-flux regime, the Kalman filter and iterated extended Kalman filter provide faster correction, better achievable contrast, and more accurate estimates than batch process estimation.
C1 [Riggs, A. J. Eldorado; Kasdin, N. Jeremy; Groff, Tyler D.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Cady, Eric J.; Prada, Camilo Mejia; Kern, Brian D.; Zhou, Hanying] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Riggs, AJE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM ariggs@princeton.edu
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99043F
DI 10.1117/12.2233909
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100099
ER
PT S
AU Rigopoulou, D
Caldwell, M
Ellison, B
Pearson, C
Caux, E
Cooray, A
Gallego, JD
Gerin, M
Goicoechea, JR
Goldsmith, P
Kramer, C
Lis, DC
Molinari, S
Ossenkopf-Okada, V
Savini, G
Tan, BK
Tielens, A
Viti, S
Wiedner, M
Yassin, G
AF Rigopoulou, D.
Caldwell, M.
Ellison, B.
Pearson, C.
Caux, E.
Cooray, A.
Gallego, J. D.
Gerin, M.
Goicoechea, J. R.
Goldsmith, P.
Kramer, C.
Lis, D. C.
Molinari, S.
Ossenkopf-Okada, V.
Savini, G.
Tan, B. K.
Tielens, A.
Viti, S.
Wiedner, M.
Yassin, G.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI The Far Infrared Spectroscopic Explorer (FIRSPEX): Probing the lifecycle
of the ISM in the Universe
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Far-Infrared; millimeter; heterodyne; spectroscopy; space; astrophysics
AB The Far Infrared Spectroscopic Explorer (FIRSPEX) is a novel European-led astronomy mission concept developed to enable large area ultra high spectroscopic resolution surveys in the THz regime. FIRSPEX opens up a relatively unexplored spectral and spatial parameter space that will produce an enormously significant scientific legacy by focusing on the properties of the multi-phase ISM, the assembly of molecular clouds in our Galaxy and the onset of star formation; topics which are fundamental to our understanding of galaxy evolution. The mission uses a heterodyne instrument and a similar to 1.2 m primary antenna to scan large areas of the sky in a number of discreet spectroscopic channels from L2. The FIRSPEX bands centered at [CI] 809 GHz, [NII] 1460 GHz, [CII] 1900 GHz and [OI] 4700 GHz have been carefully selected to target key atomic and ionic fine structure transitions difficult or impossible to access from the ground but fundamental to the study of the multi-phase ISM in the Universe. The need for state-of-the-art sensitivity dictates the use of superconducting mixers configured either as tunnel junctions or hot electron bolometers. This technology requires cooling to low temperatures, approaching 4K, in order to operate. The receivers will operate in double sideband configuration providing a total of 7 pixels on the sky. FIRSPEX will operate from L2 in both survey and pointed mode enabling velocity resolved spectroscopy of large areas of sky as well as targeted observations.
C1 [Rigopoulou, D.; Tan, B. K.; Yassin, G.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England.
[Caldwell, M.; Ellison, B.; Pearson, C.] Sci Technol Facil Council, RAL Space, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
[Caux, E.] IRAP, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France.
[Cooray, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Gallego, J. D.] Observ Astron Nacl, Ctr Astron Yebes, Apdo 148, Guadalajara 19080, Spain.
[Gerin, M.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris,Ecole Normale Super,LERMA,CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
[Goicoechea, J. R.] CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, Grp Astrofis Mol, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
[Goldsmith, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Kramer, C.] Nucleo Cent, Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM, Av Divina Pastora 7, Granada 18012, Spain.
[Lis, D. C.; Wiedner, M.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, PSL Res Univ, CNRS,Observ Paris,LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France.
[Molinari, S.] INAF Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziale, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Ossenkopf-Okada, V.; Viti, S.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany.
[Savini, G.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England.
[Tielens, A.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, Leiden, Netherlands.
RP Rigopoulou, D (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England.
OI Savini, Giorgio/0000-0003-4449-9416
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99042K
DI 10.1117/12.2233593
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100073
ER
PT S
AU Rinehart, SA
Rizzo, MJ
Leisawitz, DT
Staguhn, JG
DiPirro, M
Mentzell, JE
Juanola-Parramon, R
Dhabal, A
Mundy, LG
Moseley, SH
Mather, JC
Padgett, DL
Stapelfeldt, K
Roberge, A
Cordiner, M
Milam, S
Veach, T
Fixsen, D
AF Rinehart, S. A.
Rizzo, M. J.
Leisawitz, D. T.
Staguhn, J. G.
DiPirro, M.
Mentzell, J. E.
Juanola-Parramon, R.
Dhabal, A.
Mundy, L. G.
Moseley, S. H.
Mather, J. C.
Padgett, D. L.
Stapelfeldt, K.
Roberge, A.
Cordiner, M.
Milam, S.
Veach, T.
Fixsen, D.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI The Space High Angular Resolution Probe for the Infrared (SHARP-IR)
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Far-infrared; interferometry; high angular resolution; spectroscopy
AB The Space High Angular Resolution Probe for the Infrared (SHARP-IR) is a new mission currently under study. As part of the preparation for the Decadal Survey, NASA is currently undertaking studies of four major missions, but interest has also been shown in determining if there are feasible sub-$1B missions that could provide significant scientific return. SHARP-IR is being designed as one such potential probe. In this talk, we will discuss some of the potential scientific questions that could be addressed with the mission, the current design, and the path forward to concept maturation.
C1 [Rinehart, S. A.; Leisawitz, D. T.; DiPirro, M.; Mentzell, J. E.; Juanola-Parramon, R.; Moseley, S. H.; Mather, J. C.; Padgett, D. L.; Roberge, A.; Cordiner, M.; Milam, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Rizzo, M. J.; Dhabal, A.; Mundy, L. G.; Veach, T.; Fixsen, D.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Staguhn, J. G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Juanola-Parramon, R.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Rinehart, SA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Stephen.A.Rinehart@nasa.gov
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99042L
DI 10.1117/12.2231790
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100074
ER
PT S
AU Rioux, N
Dichmann, D
Domagal-Goldman, S
Mandell, A
Roberge, A
Stark, C
Stoneking, E
Willis, D
AF Rioux, Norman
Dichmann, Donald
Domagal-Goldman, Shawn
Mandell, Avi
Roberge, Aki
Stark, Chris
Stoneking, Eric
Willis, Dewey
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Engineering considerations applied to starshade repointing
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE starshade; occulter; delta-v; re-pointing; exoplanets; Hab-Ex; LUVOIR
AB Engineering analysis has been carried out on orbit dynamics that drive the delta-v budget for repointing a free-flying starshade occulter for viewing exoplanets with a space telescope. This analysis has application to the design of starshade spacecraft and yield calculations of observations of exoplanets using a space telescope and a starshade. Analysis was carried out to determine if there may be some advantage for the global delta-v budget if the telescope performs orbit changing delta-v maneuvers as part of the telescope-starshade alignment for observing exoplanets. Analysis of the orbit environmental forces at play found no significant advantage in having the telescope participate in delta-v maneuvers for exoplanet observation repointing. A separate analysis of starshade delta-v for repointing found that the orbit dynamics of the starshade is driven by multiple simultaneous variables that need to be considered together in order to create an effective estimate of delta-v over an exoplanet observation campaign. These include area of the starshade, dry mass of the starshade spacecraft, and propellant mass of the starshade spacecraft. Solar radiation pressure (SRP) has the potential to play a dominant role in the orbit dynamics and delta-v budget. SRP effects are driven by the differences in the mass, area, and coefficients of reflectivity of the observing telescope and the starshade. The propellant budget cannot be effectively estimated without a conceptual design of a starshade spacecraft including the propulsion system. The varying propellant mass over the mission is a complexity that makes calculating the propellant budget less straightforward.
C1 [Rioux, Norman; Dichmann, Donald; Domagal-Goldman, Shawn; Mandell, Avi; Roberge, Aki; Stoneking, Eric; Willis, Dewey] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Stark, Chris] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Rioux, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99043L
DI 10.1117/12.2233541
PG 14
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100105
ER
PT S
AU Sankar, S
Livas, J
AF Sankar, S.
Livas, J.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Testing and characterization of a prototype telescope for the evolved
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA)
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE gravitational waves; LISA; interferometry; scattered light; dimensional
stability
AB We describe our efforts to fabricate, test and characterize a prototype telescope for the eLISA mission. Much of our work has centered on the modeling and measurement of scattered light performance. This work also builds on a previous demonstration of a high dimensional stability metering structure using particular choices of materials and interfaces. We will discuss ongoing plans to merge these two separate demonstrations into a single telescope design demonstrating both stray light and dimensional stability requirements simultaneously.
C1 [Sankar, S.] USRA CRESST, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.
[Sankar, S.; Livas, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Sankar, S (reprint author), USRA CRESST, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.; Sankar, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM shannon.r.sankar@nasa.gov
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99045A
DI 10.1117/12.2233075
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100150
ER
PT S
AU Shi, F
Balasubramanian, K
Bartos, R
Hein, R
Lam, R
Mandic, M
Moore, D
Moore, J
Patterson, K
Poberezhskiy, I
Shields, J
Sidick, E
Tang, H
Truong, T
Wallace, JK
Wang, X
Wilson, D
AF Shi, Fang
Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham
Bartos, Randall
Hein, Randall
Lam, Raymond
Mandic, Milan
Moore, Douglas
Moore, James
Patterson, Keith
Poberezhskiy, Ilya
Shields, Joel
Sidick, Erkin
Tang, Hong
Tuan Truong
Wallace, James K.
Wang, Xu
Wilson, Daniel
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Low Order Wavefront Sensing and Control for WFIRST Coronagraph
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE WFIRST Coronagraph; Exoplanet; wavefront sensing and control; Zernike
wavefront sensor; stellar coronagraph; Fast steering mirror
AB To maintain the required WFIRST Coronagraph starlight suppression performance in a realistic space environment, a low order wavefront sensing and control (LOWFS/C) subsystem is necessary. The LOWFS/C uses the rejected stellar light from coronagraph to sense and suppress the telescope pointing drift and jitter as well as the low order wavefront errors due to changes in thermal loading on the telescope and the rest of the observatory. In this paper we will present an overview of the low order wavefront sensing and control subsystem for the WFIRST Coronagraph and describe the WFIRST Coronagraph LOWFS function, its design, and modeled performance. We will present experimental results on a dedicated LOWFS/C testbed that show that the LOWFS/C subsystem not only can sense pointing errors better than 0.2 mas but has also experimentally demonstrated closed loop pointing error suppression with residuals better than 0.4 mas rms per axis for the vast majority of observatory reaction wheel speeds.
C1 [Shi, Fang; Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; Bartos, Randall; Hein, Randall; Lam, Raymond; Mandic, Milan; Moore, Douglas; Moore, James; Patterson, Keith; Poberezhskiy, Ilya; Shields, Joel; Sidick, Erkin; Tang, Hong; Tuan Truong; Wallace, James K.; Wang, Xu; Wilson, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91009 USA.
RP Shi, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91009 USA.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 990418
DI 10.1117/12.2234226
PG 17
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100035
ER
PT S
AU Shirahata, M
Arai, T
Battle, J
Bock, J
Cooray, A
Enokuchi, A
Hristov, V
Kanai, Y
Kim, MG
Korngut, P
Lanz, A
Lee, DH
Mason, P
Matsumoto, T
Matsuura, S
Morford, T
Ohnishi, Y
Park, WK
Sano, K
Takeyama, N
Tsumura, K
Wada, T
Wang, SY
Zemcov, M
AF Shirahata, Mai
Arai, Toshiaki
Battle, John
Bock, James
Cooray, Asantha
Enokuchi, Akito
Hristov, Viktor
Kanai, Yoshikazu
Kim, Min Gyu
Korngut, Phillip
Lanz, Alicia
Lee, Dae-Hee
Mason, Peter
Matsumoto, Toshio
Matsuura, Shuji
Morford, Tracy
Ohnishi, Yosuke
Park, Won-Kee
Sano, Kei
Takeyama, Norihide
Tsumura, Kohji
Wada, Takehiko
Wang, Shiang-Yu
Zemcov, Michael
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI The cosmic infrared background experiment-2 (CIBER-2) for studying the
near-infrared extragalactic background light
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE CIBER-2; near-infrared background; rocket; observation; telescope
ID LOW-RESOLUTION SPECTRUM; DIFFUSE GALACTIC LIGHT; ZODIACAL LIGHT; RED
CAMERA; ANISOTROPIES; FLUCTUATIONS; SPECTROMETER; STARS; BAND
AB We present the current status of the Cosmic Infrared Background ExpeRiment-2 (CIBER-2) project, whose goal is to make a rocket-borne measurement of the near-infrared Extragalactic Background Light (EBL), under a collaboration with U.S.A., Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. The EBL is the integrated light of all extragalactic sources of emission back to the early Universe. At near-infrared wavelengths, measurement of the EBL is a promising way to detect the diffuse light from the first collapsed structures at redshift z similar to 10, which are impossible to detect as individual sources. However, recently, the intra-halo light (IHL) model is advocated as the main contribution to the EBL, and our new result of the EBL fluctuation from CIBER-1 experiment is also supporting this model. In this model, EBL is contributed by accumulated light from stars in the dark halo regions of low-redshift (z<2) galaxies, those were tidally stripped by the interaction of satellite dwarf galaxies. Thus, in order to understand the origin of the EBL, both the spatial fluctuation observations with multiple wavelength bands and the absolute spectroscopic observations for the EBL are highly required. After the successful initial CIBER-1 experiment, we are now developing a new instrument CIBER-2, which is comprised of a 28.5-cm aluminum telescope and three broad-band, wide-field imaging cameras. The three wide-field (2.3x2.3 degrees) imaging cameras use the 2Kx2K HgCdTe HAWAII-2RG arrays, and cover the optical and near-infrared wavelength range of 0.5-0.9 mu m, 1.0-1.4 mu m and 1.5-2.0 mu m, respectively. Combining a large area telescope with the high sensitivity detectors, CIBER-2 will be able to measure the spatial fluctuations in the EBL at much fainter levels than those detected in previous CIBER-1 experiment. Additionally, we will use a linear variable filter installed just above the detectors so that a measurement of the absolute spectrum of the EBL is also possible. In this paper, the scientific motivation and the expected performance for CIBER-2 will be presented. The detailed designs of the telescope and imaging cameras will also be discussed, including the designs of the mechanical, cryogenic, and electrical systems.
C1 [Shirahata, Mai; Arai, Toshiaki; Matsumoto, Toshio; Matsuura, Shuji; Wada, Takehiko] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan.
[Arai, Toshiaki; Tsumura, Kohji] Tohoku Univ, Frontier Res Inst Interdisciplinary Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan.
[Battle, John; Bock, James; Hristov, Viktor; Korngut, Phillip; Lanz, Alicia; Mason, Peter; Morford, Tracy] CALTECH, Dept Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Bock, James; Korngut, Phillip; Zemcov, Michael] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Cooray, Asantha] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Enokuchi, Akito; Kanai, Yoshikazu; Takeyama, Norihide] Genesia Corp, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810013, Japan.
[Kim, Min Gyu; Lee, Dae-Hee; Park, Won-Kee] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst KASI, Daejeon 305348, South Korea.
[Matsumoto, Toshio; Wang, Shiang-Yu] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
[Matsuura, Shuji] Kwansei Gakuin Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, Sanda, Hyogo 6691337, Japan.
[Ohnishi, Yosuke] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan.
[Sano, Kei] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan.
[Zemcov, Michael] Rochester Inst Technol, Sch Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
RP Shirahata, M (reprint author), Genesia Corp, Mitaka Sangyo Plaza 601,3-38-4 Shimorenjyaku, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810013, Japan.
EM mai@genesia.co.jp
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99044J
DI 10.1117/12.2229567
PG 13
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100133
ER
PT S
AU Sirbu, D
Pluzhnik, E
Belikov, R
AF Sirbu, Dan
Pluzhnik, Eugene
Belikov, Ruslan
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Modeling of microelectromechanical systems deformable mirror diffraction
grating
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE High Contrast Imaging; Adaptive Optics; Deformable Mirrors; MEMS;
Internal Coronagraph; Diffraction Grating; Phase Grating; Amplitude
Grating; Quilting Orders
AB Model-based wavefront control methods such as electric field conjugation require accurate optical propagation models to create high-contrast regions in the focal plane using deformable mirrors (DMs). Recently, it has been shown that it is possible to exceed the controllable outer-working angle imposed by the Nyquist limit based on the number of actuators by utilizing a diffraction grating. The print-through pattern on MEMS-based DMs formed during the fabrication process creates both an amplitude and a phase diffraction grating that can be used to enable Super-Nyquist wavefront control. Using interferometric measurements of a DM-actuator, we develop a DM-diffraction grating model. We compare the total energy enclosed in the first diffraction order due to the phase, amplitude, and combined phase-amplitude gratings with laboratory measurements.
C1 [Sirbu, Dan; Pluzhnik, Eugene; Belikov, Ruslan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA.
RP Sirbu, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100174
ER
PT S
AU Sirbu, D
Pluzhnik, E
Belikov, R
AF Sirbu, Dan
Pluzhnik, Eugene
Belikov, Ruslan
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Accuracy analysis of a new method to estimate chromatic wavefront error
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE High Contrast Imaging; Adaptive Optics; Internal Coronagraph; Wavefront
Estimation; Spectral Estimation; Chromaticity; Speckles
AB An internal coronagraph with an adaptive optical system for wavefront correction for direct imaging of exoplanets is currently being considered for many mission concepts: a dedicated instrument undergoing development on the upcoming WFIRST mission, and prime instruments on the large-scale HabEx and LUVOIR mission studies, as well as smaller-scale missions such as ACESAT. To enable direct imaging of exoplanets with an internal coronagraph both diffraction and scattered light from the stellar point spread function must be directly suppressed using the coronagraph instrument or corrected in post-processing. Both of these tasks require estimation of the chromatically-dependent complex electric field in the focal plane either using the main science camera or the integral field spectrograph (IFS) camera. To date, the most common method to estimate the chromaticity of the complex electric field is using a heterodyne term generated by DM probes and requiring sequence of narrowband filters to increase coherence. We extend this concept to enable estimation using direct broadband images using a well-calibrated broadband response matrix of the DM probes. Our broadband focal plane estimation method can be used with a single broadband filter providing an alternative to more complicated methods that require several monochromatic channels or a dedicated integral field spectrograph. This capability can also enable lowcost, low-complexity coronagraph missions. We demonstrate the broadband estimation method using fully 30% bandwidth broadband input light with an optical simulator featuring a PIAA coronagraph.
C1 [Sirbu, Dan; Pluzhnik, Eugene; Belikov, Ruslan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Sirbu, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
PG 14
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100161
ER
PT S
AU Sirbu, D
Kasdin, NJ
Vanderbei, RJ
AF Sirbu, Dan
Kasdin, N. Jeremy
Vanderbei, Robert J.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Diffraction-based analysis of tunnel size for a scaled external occulter
testbed
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE External Occulters; Starshades; High Contrast Imaging; Scalar
Diffraction; Tunnel
AB For performance verification of an external occulter mask (also called a starshade), scaled testbeds have been developed to measure the suppression of the occulter shadow in the pupil plane and contrast in the image plane. For occulter experiments the scaling is typically performed by maintaining an equivalent Fresnel number. The original Princeton occulter testbed was oversized with respect to both input beam and shadow propagation to limit any diffraction effects due to finite testbed enclosure edges; however, to operate at realistic space-mission equivalent Fresnel numbers an extended testbed is currently under construction. With the longer propagation distances involved, diffraction effects due to the edge of the tunnel must now be considered in the experiment design. Here, we present a diffraction-based model of two separate tunnel effects. First, we consider the effect of tunnel-edge induced diffraction ringing upstream from the occulter mask. Second, we consider the diffraction effect due to clipping of the output shadow by the tunnel downstream from the occulter mask. These calculations are performed for a representative point design relevant to the new Princeton occulter experiment, but we also present an analytical relation that can be used for other propagation distances.
C1 [Sirbu, Dan; Kasdin, N. Jeremy] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Vanderbei, Robert J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Operat Res & Financial Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Sirbu, Dan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
RP Sirbu, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Sirbu, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99043J
DI 10.1117/12.2232360
PG 13
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100103
ER
PT S
AU Smith, D
Warwick, S
Glassman, TM
Novicki, MC
Richards, MC
Harness, A
Patterson, KD
AF Smith, Daniel
Warwick, Steven
Glassman, Tiffany M.
Novicki, Megan C.
Richards, Michael C.
Harness, Anthony
Patterson, Keith D.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Measurements of high-contrast starshade performance in the field
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE exoplanets; starshade; diffraction; occulter; field test
AB The external starshade is a method for the direct detection and spectral characterization of terrestrial planets around other stars, a key goal identified in ASTRO2010. In an effort to validate the starlight-suppression performance of the starshade, we have measured contrast better than 1x10(-9) using 60 cm starshades at points just beyond the starshade tips. These measurements were made over a 50% spectral bandpass, using an incoherent light source (a white LED), and in challenging outdoor test environments. Our experimental setup is designed to provide starshade to telescope separation and telescope aperture size that are scaled as closely as possible to the flight system. The measurements confirm not only the overall starlight-suppression capability of the starshade concept but also the robustness of the setup to optical disturbances such as atmospheric effects at the test site. The spectral coverage is limited only by the optics and detectors in our test setup, not by the starshade itself. Here we describe our latest results as well as detailed comparisons of the measured results to model predictions. Plans and status of the next phase of ground testing are also discussed.
C1 [Smith, Daniel; Warwick, Steven; Glassman, Tiffany M.; Novicki, Megan C.; Richards, Michael C.] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, 1 Space Pk Dr, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
[Harness, Anthony] Univ Colorado Boulder, 2055 Regent Dr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Patterson, Keith D.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Smith, D (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, 1 Space Pk Dr, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
EM daniel.smith@ngc.com
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99043K
DI 10.1117/12.2232841
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100104
ER
PT S
AU Smith, KZ
Acton, DS
Gallagher, B
Knight, JS
Dean, BH
Jurling, AS
Zielinski, TP
AF Smith, Koby Z.
Acton, D. Scott
Gallagher, Ben
Knight, J. Scott
Dean, Bruce H.
Jurling, Alden S.
Zielinski, Thomas P.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Calibration results using highly aberrated images for aligning the JWST
instruments to the telescope
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE JWST; OTIS; ISIM; AOS; phase retrieval
AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) project is an international collaboration led by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Greenbelt, MD. JWST is NASA's flagship observatory that will operate nearly a million miles away from Earth at the L2 Lagrange point. JWST's optical design is a three-mirror anastigmat with four main optical components; 1) the eighteen Primary Mirror Segment Assemblies (PMSA), 2) a single Secondary Mirror Assembly (SMA), 3) an Aft-Optics Subsystem (AOS) consisting of a Tertiary Mirror and Fine Steering Mirror, and 4) an Integrated Science Instrument Module consisting of the various instruments for JWST. JWST's optical system has been designed to accommodate a significant amount of alignment capability and risk with the PMSAs and SMA having rigid body motion available on-orbit just for alignment purposes. However, the Aft-Optics Subsystem (AOS) and Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) are essentially fixed optical subsystems within JWST, and therefore the cryogenic alignment of the AOS to the ISIM is critical to the optical performance and mission success of JWST.
In support of this cryogenic alignment of the AOS to ISIM, an array of fiber optic sources, known as the AOS Source Plate Assembly (ASPA), are placed near the intermediate image location of JWST (between the secondary and tertiary mirrors) during thermal vacuum ground-test operations. The AOS produces images of the ASPA fiber optic sources at the JWST focal surface location, where they are captured by the various science instruments. In this manner, the AOS provides an optical yardstick by which the instruments within ISIM can evaluate their relative positions to and the alignment of the AOS to ISIM can be quantified. However, since the ASPA is located at the intermediate image location of the JWST three-mirror anastigmat design, the images of these fiber optic sources produced by the AOS are highly aberrated with approximately 2-3 mu m RMS wavefront error consisting mostly of 3rd-order astigmatism and coma. This is because the elliptical tertiary mirror of the AOS is used off of its ideal foci locations without the compensating wavefront effects of the JWST primary and secondary mirrors. Therefore, the PSFs created are highly asymmetric with relatively complex structure and the centroid and encircled energy analyses traditionally used to locate images are not sufficient for ensuring the AOS to ISIM alignment.
A novel approach combining phase retrieval and spatial metrology was developed to both locate the images with respect to the AOS and provide calibration information for eventual AOS to ISIM alignment verification. During final JWST OTE and ISIM (OTIS) testing, only a single thru-focus image will be collected by the instruments. Therefore, tools and processes were developed to perform single-image phase retrieval on these highly aberrated images such that any single image of the ASPA source can provide calibrated knowledge of the instruments' position relative to the AOS. This paper discusses the results of the methodology, hardware, and calibration performed to ensure that the AOS and ISIM are aligned within their respective tolerances at JWST OTIS testing.
C1 [Smith, Koby Z.; Acton, D. Scott; Gallagher, Ben; Knight, J. Scott] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce Dr, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Dean, Bruce H.; Jurling, Alden S.; Zielinski, Thomas P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Smith, KZ (reprint author), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce Dr, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
EM ksmith@ball.com
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 990442
DI 10.1117/12.2232180
PG 20
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100117
ER
PT S
AU Stahl, HP
Hopkins, RC
Schnell, A
Smith, DA
Jackman, A
Warfield, KR
AF Stahl, H. Philip
Hopkins, Randall C.
Schnell, Andrew
Smith, David Alan
Jackman, Angela
Warfield, Keith R.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Potential large missions enabled by NASA's Space Launch System
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE space telescopes; astrophysics; astronomy; ATLAST; LUVOIR; HabEx
AB Large space telescope missions have always been limited by their launch vehicle's mass and volume capacities. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was specifically designed to fit inside the Space Shuttle and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is specifically designed to fit inside an Ariane 5. Astrophysicists desire even larger space telescopes. NASA's "Enduring Quests Daring Visions" report calls for an 8- to 16-m Large UV-Optical-IR (LUVOIR) Surveyor mission to enable ultra-high-contrast spectroscopy and coronagraphy. AURA's "From Cosmic Birth to Living Earth" report calls for a 12-m class High-Definition Space Telescope to pursue transformational scientific discoveries. NASA's "Planning for the 2020 Decadal Survey" calls for a Habitable Exoplanet Imaging (HabEx) and a LUVOIR as well as Far-IR and an X-Ray Surveyor missions. Packaging larger space telescopes into existing launch vehicles is a significant engineering complexity challenge that drives cost and risk. NASA's planned Space Launch System (SLS), with its 8 or 10-m diameter fairings and ability to deliver 35 to 45-mt of payload to Sun-Earth-Lagrange-2, mitigates this challenge by fundamentally changing the design paradigm for large space telescopes. This paper reviews the mass and volume capacities of the planned SLS, discusses potential implications of these capacities for designing large space telescope missions, and gives three specific mission concept implementation examples: a 4-m monolithic off-axis telescope, an 8-m monolithic on-axis telescope and a 12-m segmented on-axis telescope.
C1 [Stahl, H. Philip; Hopkins, Randall C.; Schnell, Andrew; Smith, David Alan; Jackman, Angela] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Warfield, Keith R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Stahl, HP (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
NR 48
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99040G
DI 10.1117/12.2233684
PG 19
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100015
ER
PT S
AU Stark, CC
Cady, E
Clampin, M
Domagal-Goldman, S
Lisman, D
Mandell, AM
McElwain, MW
Roberge, A
Robinson, TD
Savransky, D
Shaklan, SB
Stapelfeldt, KR
AF Stark, Christopher C.
Cady, Eric
Clampin, Mark
Domagal-Goldman, Shawn
Lisman, Doug
Mandell, Avi M.
McElwain, Michael W.
Roberge, Aki
Robinson, Tyler D.
Savransky, Dmitry
Shaklan, Stuart B.
Stapelfeldt, Karl R.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI A direct comparison of exoEarth yields for starshades and coronagraphs
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE telescopes; methods:numerical; planetary systems
ID MISSION
AB The scale and design of a future mission capable of directly imaging extrasolar planets will be influenced by the detectable number (yield) of potentially Earth-like planets. Currently, coronagraphs and starshades are being considered as instruments for such a mission. We will use a novel code to estimate and compare the yields for starshade- and coronagraph-based missions. We will show yield scaling relationships for each instrument and discuss the impact of astrophysical and instrumental noise on yields. Although the absolute yields are dependent on several yet-unknown parameters, we will present several limiting cases allowing us to bound the yield comparison.
C1 [Stark, Christopher C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Cady, Eric; Lisman, Doug; Shaklan, Stuart B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Clampin, Mark; Domagal-Goldman, Shawn; Mandell, Avi M.; McElwain, Michael W.; Roberge, Aki; Stapelfeldt, Karl R.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Robinson, Tyler D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Stark, CC (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
EM cstark@stsci.edu
RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014
OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99041U
DI 10.1117/12.2233201
PG 13
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100055
ER
PT S
AU te Plate, M
Birkmann, S
Rumler, P
Jensen, P
Eder, R
Ehrenwinkler, R
Merkle, F
Mosner, P
Roedel, A
Speckmaier, M
Johnson, TE
Mott, B
Snodgrass, S
AF te Plate, Maurice
Birkmann, Stephan
Rumler, Peter
Jensen, Peter
Eder, Robert
Ehrenwinkler, Ralf
Merkle, Frank
Mosner, Peter
Roedel, Andreas
Speckmaier, Max
Johnson, Thomas E.
Mott, Brent
Snodgrass, Stephen
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Getting JWST's NIRSpec back in shape
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE James Webb Space Telescope; NIRSpec; Multi-object spectrograph;
Infrared; Micro Shutter Array; MEMS; SiC
AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Observatory is the follow-on mission to the Hubble Space Telescope. JWST will be the biggest space telescope ever built and it will lead to astounding scientific breakthroughs. The mission will be launched in October 2018 from Kourou, French Guyana by an ESA provided Ariane 5 rocket. NIRSpec, one of the four instruments on board of the mission, recently underwent a major upgrade. New infrared detectors were installed and the Micro Shutter Assembly (MSA) was replaced as well. The rework was necessary because both systems were found to be degrading beyond a level that could be accepted. The techniques and procedures that were applied during this campaign will be elaborated in this paper. Some first cold test results of the upgraded instrument will be presented as well.
C1 [te Plate, Maurice; Birkmann, Stephan] European Space Agcy STScI, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Rumler, Peter; Jensen, Peter] European Space Agcy, Keplerlaan 1,POB 299, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Eder, Robert; Ehrenwinkler, Ralf; Merkle, Frank; Mosner, Peter; Roedel, Andreas; Speckmaier, Max] AIRBUS Def & Space, D-81663 Munich, Germany.
[Johnson, Thomas E.; Mott, Brent; Snodgrass, Stephen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP te Plate, M (reprint author), European Space Agcy STScI, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99040D
DI 10.1117/12.2232640
PG 15
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100012
ER
PT S
AU Wang, X
Shi, F
Wallace, JK
AF Wang, Xu
Shi, Fang
Wallace, J. Kent
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Zernike wavefront sensor (ZWFS) development for Low Order Wavefront
Sensing (LOWFS)
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Wavefront sensing; Zernike phase contrast; WFIRST; LOWFS
AB ZWFS is known to be photon noise optimal for measuring low order aberrations. Recently, ZWFS was selected as the baseline LOWFS technology on WFIRST for its sensitivity, accuracy, and its ease of integration with the starlight rejection mask. In this paper, we present the development of ZWFS sensor, including the algorithm description, sensitivity analysis, and some early experimental model validation results from a fabricated ZWFS phase mask on a stand-alone LOWFS testbed.
C1 [Wang, Xu; Shi, Fang; Wallace, J. Kent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Wang, X (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM xu.wang@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 990463
DI 10.1117/12.2231252
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100172
ER
PT S
AU Wells, C
Hadaway, JB
Olczak, G
Cosentino, J
Johnston, JD
Whitman, T
Connolly, M
Chaney, D
Knight, JS
Telfer, R
AF Wells, Conrad
Hadaway, James B.
Olczak, Gene
Cosentino, Joseph
Johnston, John D.
Whitman, Tony
Connolly, Mark
Chaney, David
Knight, J. Scott
Telfer, Randal
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Characterization of the JWST Pathfinder mirror dynamics using the center
of curvature optical assembly (CoCOA)
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE James Webb Space Telescope; Optical Telescope Element and Integrated
Science Instrument Module (OTIS); optical alignment; photogrammetry;
interferometer; multi-wavelength
AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Optical Telescope Element (OTE) consists of a 6.6 m clear aperture, 18 segment primary mirror, all-reflective, three-mirror anastigmat operating at cryogenic temperatures. To verify performance of the primary mirror, a full aperture center of curvature optical null test is performed under cryogenic conditions in Chamber A at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center (JSC) using an instantaneous phase measuring interferometer(1,2,3). After phasing the mirrors during the JWST Pathfinder testing, the interferometer is utilized to characterize the mirror relative piston and tilt dynamics under different facility configurations. The correlation between the motions seen on detectors at the focal plane and the interferometer validates the use of the interferometer for dynamic investigations. The success of planned test hardware improvements will be characterized by the multi-wavelength interferometer (MWIF) at the Center of Curvature Optical Assembly (CoCOA).
C1 [Wells, Conrad; Olczak, Gene; Cosentino, Joseph; Whitman, Tony; Connolly, Mark] Harris Corp, 800 Lee Rd, Rochester, NY 14606 USA.
[Hadaway, James B.] Univ Alabama, 301 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[Chaney, David; Knight, J. Scott] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Telfer, Randal] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Johnston, John D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Wells, C (reprint author), Harris Corp, 800 Lee Rd, Rochester, NY 14606 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 990440
DI 10.1117/12.2234224
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100115
ER
PT S
AU Ygouf, M
Zimmerman, NT
Pueyo, L
Soummer, R
Perrin, MD
Mennesson, BE
Krist, JE
Vasisht, G
Nemati, B
Macintosh, BA
AF Ygouf, Marie
Zimmerman, Neil T.
Pueyo, Laurent
Soummer, Remi
Perrin, Marshall D.
Mennesson, Bertrand E.
Krist, John E.
Vasisht, Gautam
Nemati, Bijan
Macintosh, Bruce A.
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Data Processing and Algorithm Development for the WFIRST Coronagraph:
Comparison of RDI and ADI Strategies and Impact of Spatial Sampling on
Post-Processing
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Direct imaging of exoplanets; High contrast imaging; WFIRST;
Post-Processing; Coronagraphic PSF subtraction; Detection;
Characterization; Instrumentation
AB Direct detection and characterization of mature giant or sub-Neptune exoplanets in the visible will require space based instruments optimized for high-contrast imaging with contrasts of 10-9. In this context, the coronagraph instrument (CGI) on the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) will reach raw contrasts of about 10-8 or better using state-of-the-art starlight suppression and wavefront control techniques. A ten-fold contrast improvement is therefore required using post-processing techniques in order to detect 10-9 planets from speckles. Post-processing techniques that are successful on both ground-based and space-based instruments need to be validated at such high contrast levels. In this communication, we investigate speckle subtraction techniques for different observation strategies and hardware parameters on WFIRST-like simulated images in the presence of deformable mirrors and an hybrid lyot coronagraph (HLC). We compare the contrast gain after post-processing in both speckle-noise and photon-noise dominated regimes for two different observing scenarios: the reference star differential imaging (RDI) and the angular differential imaging (ADI). We find that the ADI observing strategy is more robust to speckle and photon noises than the RDI observing strategy, enabling up to a threefold gain with respect to the latter. Thus, we recommend that the telescope be able to roll by at least 13 off nominal. We investigated the impact of spatial sampling on post-processed sensitivity, in the context of design trade studies for the Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) component of the instrument. Our preliminary results suggest that the spatial sampling can be halved from the baseline sampling rate (4 lenslets per A/D) without any degradation in final contrast, thereby reducing the integration time required for spectroscopic characterization. In the speckle-noise dominated regime, we also find that at Nyquist sampling or higher, sub-pixel reference to -target offsets have a negligible impact on the level of residual speckles after post-processing.
C1 [Ygouf, Marie; Zimmerman, Neil T.; Pueyo, Laurent; Soummer, Remi; Perrin, Marshall D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Mennesson, Bertrand E.; Krist, John E.; Vasisht, Gautam; Nemati, Bijan] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Macintosh, Bruce A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Ygouf, M (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
EM mygouf@stsci.edu
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100160
ER
PT S
AU Zhou, HY
Nemati, B
Krist, J
Cady, E
Prada, CM
Kern, B
Poberezhskiy, I
AF Zhou, Hanying
Nemati, Bijan
Krist, John
Cady, Eric
Prada, Camilo Mejia
Kern, Brian
Poberezhskiy, Ilya
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Closing the Contrast Gap between Testbed and Model Prediction with
WFIRST-CGI Shaped Pupil Coronagraph
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE Model validation; high contrast coronagraph; shaped pupil coronagraph;
EFC; wavefront sensing and control; Jacobian matrix; diffraction
modeling; WFIRST-CGI; space telescopes
AB JPL has recently passed an important milestone in its technology development for a proposed NASA WFIRST mission coronagraph: demonstration of better than 1x10(-8) contrast over broad bandwidth (10%) on both shaped pupil coronagraph (SPC) and hybrid Lyot coronagraph (HLC) testbeds with the WFIRST obscuration pattern. Challenges remain, however, in the technology readiness for the proposed mission. One is the discrepancies between the achieved contrasts on the testbeds and their corresponding model predictions. A series of testbed diagnoses and modeling activities were planned and carried out on the SPC testbed in order to close the gap. A very useful tool we developed was a derived "measured" testbed wavefront control Jacobian matrix that could be compared with the model-predicted "control" version that was used to generate the high contrast dark hole region in the image plane. The difference between these two is an estimate of the error in the control Jacobian. When the control matrix, which includes both amplitude and phase, was modified to reproduce the error, the simulated performance closely matched the SPC testbed behavior in both contrast floor and contrast convergence speed. This is a step closer toward model validation for high contrast coronagraphs. Further Jacobian analysis and modeling provided clues to the possible sources for the mismatch: DM misregistration and testbed optical wavefront error (WFE) and the deformable mirror (DM) setting for correcting this WFE. These analyses suggested that a high contrast coronagraph has a tight tolerance in the accuracy of its control Jacobian. Modifications to both testbed control model as well as prediction model are being implemented, and future works are discussed.
C1 [Zhou, Hanying; Nemati, Bijan; Krist, John; Cady, Eric; Prada, Camilo Mejia; Kern, Brian; Poberezhskiy, Ilya] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Zhou, HY (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM hanying.zhou@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 990419
DI 10.1117/12.2232211
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100036
ER
PT S
AU Zimmerman, NT
N'Diaye, M
St Laurent, KE
Soummer, R
Pueyo, L
Stark, CC
Sivaramakrishnan, A
Perrin, M
Vanderbei, RJ
Kasdin, NJ
Shaklan, S
Carlotti, A
AF Zimmerman, Neil T.
N'Diaye, Mamadou
St Laurent, Kathryn E.
Soummer, Remi
Pueyo, Laurent
Stark, Christopher C.
Sivaramakrishnan, Anand
Perrin, Marshall
Vanderbei, Robert J.
Kasdin, N. Jeremy
Shaklan, Stuart
Carlotti, Alexis
BE MacEwen, HA
Fazio, GG
Lystrup, M
TI Lyot coronagraph design study for large, segmented space telescope
apertures
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016
CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND
SP SPIE
DE coronagraph; segmented mirror; space telescope; high-contrast imaging;
exoplanet; LUVOIR
ID GEMINI PLANET IMAGER; APODIZED-PUPIL; APODIZATIONS
AB Recent efforts combining the optimization techniques of apodized pupil Lyot coronagraphs (APLC) and shaped pupils have demonstrated the viability of a binary-transmission mask architecture for extremely high contrast (10(-10)) exoplanet imaging. We are now building on those innovations to carry out a survey of Lyot coronagraph performance for large, segmented telescope apertures. These apertures are of the same kind under consideration for NASA's Large UV/Optical/IR (LUVOIR) observatory concept. To map the multi-dimensional design parameter space, we have developed a software toolkit to manage large sets of mask optimization programs and execute them on a computing cluster. Here we summarize a preliminary survey of 500 APLC solutions for 4 reference hexagonal telescope apertures. Several promising designs produce annular, 10(-10) contrast dark zones down to inner working angle 4 lambda(0)/D over a 15% bandpass, while delivering a half-max PSF core throughput of 18%. We also report our progress on devising solutions to the challenges of Lyot stop alignment/fabrication tolerance that arise in this contrast regime.
C1 [Zimmerman, Neil T.; N'Diaye, Mamadou; St Laurent, Kathryn E.; Soummer, Remi; Pueyo, Laurent; Stark, Christopher C.; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand; Perrin, Marshall] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Vanderbei, Robert J.; Kasdin, N. Jeremy] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Shaklan, Stuart] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Carlotti, Alexis] Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
RP Zimmerman, NT (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
EM ntz@stsci.edu
NR 32
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9904
AR UNSP 99041Y
DI 10.1117/12.2233205
PG 15
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BF9PT
UT WOS:000385794100058
ER
PT S
AU Starek, JA
Acikmese, B
Nesnas, IA
Pavone, M
AF Starek, Joseph A.
Acikmese, Behcet
Nesnas, Issa A.
Pavone, Marco
BE Feron, E
TI Spacecraft Autonomy Challenges for Next-Generation Space Missions
SO ADVANCES IN CONTROL SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS
SE Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Advances in Control System Technology for Aerospace
Applications
CY JUN 11-12, 2012
CL Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA
SP Sch Aerosp Engn, Decis & Control Lab
HO Georgia Inst Technol
ID MODEL-PREDICTIVE CONTROL; CONVEX-OPTIMIZATION; TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION;
DESCENT GUIDANCE; POWERED-DESCENT; URBAN CHALLENGE; SYSTEMS; HAYABUSA;
COORDINATION; OPERATIONS
C1 [Starek, Joseph A.; Pavone, Marco] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
[Acikmese, Behcet] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Nesnas, Issa A.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Pavone, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
EM jstarek@stanford.edu; behcet@austin.utexas.edu; nesnas@jpl.nasa.gov;
pavone@stanford.edu
NR 136
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0170-8643
BN 978-3-662-47694-9; 978-3-662-47693-2
J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF
PY 2016
VL 460
BP 1
EP 48
DI 10.1007/978-3-662-47694-9_1
PG 48
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF8WJ
UT WOS:000385237300001
ER
PT S
AU Hadaegh, FY
Johnson, AE
Bayard, DS
Acikmese, B
Chung, SJ
Mehra, RK
AF Hadaegh, Fred Y.
Johnson, Andrew E.
Bayard, David S.
Acikmese, Behcet
Chung, Soon-Jo
Mehra, Raman K.
BE Feron, E
TI New Guidance, Navigation, and Control Technologies for Formation Flying
Spacecraft and Planetary Landing
SO ADVANCES IN CONTROL SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS
SE Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Advances in Control System Technology for Aerospace
Applications
CY JUN 11-12, 2012
CL Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA
SP Sch Aerosp Engn, Decis & Control Lab
HO Georgia Inst Technol
ID LAGRANGIAN SYSTEMS; SYNCHRONIZATION
C1 [Hadaegh, Fred Y.; Johnson, Andrew E.; Bayard, David S.; Acikmese, Behcet] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Chung, Soon-Jo] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA.
[Mehra, Raman K.] Sci Syst Co Inc, Woburn, MA USA.
RP Hadaegh, FY (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM fred.y.hadaegh@jpl.nasa.gov; aej@jpl.nasa.gov;
david.s.bayard@jpl.nasa.gov; behcet@austin.utexas.edu;
sjchung@illinois.edu; rkm@ssci.com
OI Chung, Soon-Jo/0000-0002-6657-3907
NR 34
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0170-8643
BN 978-3-662-47694-9; 978-3-662-47693-2
J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF
PY 2016
VL 460
BP 49
EP 80
DI 10.1007/978-3-662-47694-9_2
PG 32
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BF8WJ
UT WOS:000385237300002
ER
PT J
AU Earl, L
Gardner, A
AF Earl, Lucas
Gardner, Alex
TI A satellite-derived glacier inventory for North Asia
SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Glaciology in High Mountain Asia (HMA)
CY MAR, 2015
CL Kathmandu, NEPAL
DE climate change; glacier delineation; glacier mapping; mountain glaciers;
remote sensing
ID GEODETIC MASS-BALANCE; KODAR MOUNTAINS; EASTERN SIBERIA;
CLIMATIC-CHANGE; LANDSAT TM; ASTER DATA; IMAGE DATA; ICEFIELD; ACCURACY;
CANADA
AB This study outlines a consistent methodology for identifying glacier surfaces from Landsat 5, 7 and 8 imagery that is applied to map all mainland North Asian glaciers, providing the first methodologically consistent and complete glacier inventory for the region. 2010. We identify 5065 glaciers covering a planimetric area of 2326 +/- 186 km(2), most of which is located in the Altai mountain subregion. The total glacier count is 15% higher, but the total glacier area is 32 +/- 11.6% lower, than the estimated glacier coverage provided in version 4.0 of the Randolph Glacier Inventory. We investigate the distribution of glacier size within North Asia and find that the majority of glaciers (82%) are smaller than 0.5km(2) but only account for a third of the total glacier area, with the largest 1% (60 glaciers >= 5km(2)) accounting for 28% of the total area. We present hypsometric characterizations of North Asian glaciers, largely substantiating existing findings that glaciers in this region are dominated by cold, relatively dry conditions. We provide a detailed assessment of errors and determine the uncertainty in our area estimate to be +/- 8.0%, with snow-cover uncertainty the largest contributing factor. Based on this assessment, the new glacier inventory presented here is more complete and of higher quality than other currently available data sources.
C1 [Earl, Lucas] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA.
[Gardner, Alex] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Gardner, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM alex.s.gardner@jpl.nasa.gov
OI Gardner, Alex/0000-0002-8394-8889
NR 50
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 0260-3055
EI 1727-5644
J9 ANN GLACIOL
JI Ann. Glaciol.
PY 2016
VL 57
IS 71
BP 50
EP 60
DI 10.3189/2016AoG71A008
PG 11
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA DY1YY
UT WOS:000384891500007
ER
PT S
AU Mareboyana, M
Le Moigne, J
Bennett, J
AF Mareboyana, Manohar
Le Moigne, Jacqueline
Bennett, Jerome
BE Mahalanobis, A
Kubala, KS
Ashok, A
Petruccelli, JC
Tian, L
TI High Resolution Image Reconstruction from Projection of Low Resolution
images differing in Subpixel shifts
SO COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Computational Imaging
CY APR 17-18, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Super Resolution; High spatial resolution; Remote sensing Data
AB In this paper, we demonstrate simple algorithms that project low resolution (LR) images differing in subpixel shifts on a high resolution (HR) also called super resolution (SR) grid. The algorithms are very effective in accuracy as well as time efficiency. A number of spatial interpolation techniques using nearest neighbor, inverse-distance weighted averages, Radial Basis Functions (RBF) etc. are used in projection. For best accuracy of reconstructing SR image by a factor of two requires four LR images differing in four independent subpixel shifts. The algorithm has two steps: i) registration of low resolution images and (ii) shifting the low resolution images to align with reference image and projecting them on high resolution grid based on the shifts of each low resolution image using different interpolation techniques. Experiments are conducted by simulating low resolution images by subpixel shifts and subsampling of original high resolution image and the reconstructing the high resolution images from the simulated low resolution images. The results of accuracy of reconstruction are compared by using mean squared error measure between original high resolution image and reconstructed image. The algorithm was tested on remote sensing images and found to outperform previously proposed techniques such as Iterative Back Projection algorithm (IBP), Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithms. The algorithms are robust and are not overly sensitive to the registration inaccuracies.
C1 [Mareboyana, Manohar] Bowie State Univ, Bowie, MD 20715 USA.
[Le Moigne, Jacqueline; Bennett, Jerome] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Mareboyana, M (reprint author), Bowie State Univ, Bowie, MD 20715 USA.
EM mmareboyana@bowiestate.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0111-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9870
AR UNSP 98700F
DI 10.1117/12.2223936
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics
SC Engineering; Optics
GA BF8EH
UT WOS:000384770300010
ER
PT B
AU Ohji, T
Singh, M
AF Ohji, Tatsuki
Singh, Mrityunjay
BE Ohji, T
Singh, M
TI ENGINEERED CERAMICS Current Status and Future Prospects PREFACE
SO ENGINEERED CERAMICS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
C1 [Ohji, Tatsuki] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
[Singh, Mrityunjay] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH USA.
RP Ohji, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
BN 978-1-119-10041-6; 978-1-119-10040-9
PY 2016
BP IX
EP XI
D2 10.1002/9781119100430
PG 3
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA BF7FF
UT WOS:000384001300001
ER
PT B
AU Zhu, DM
AF Zhu, Dongming
BE Ohji, T
Singh, M
TI ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIER COATINGS FOR SiC/SiC CERAMIC MATRIX
COMPOSITE TURBINE COMPONENTS
SO ENGINEERED CERAMICS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE environmental barrier coatings; ceramic matrix composites; silicates;
hafnia; oxidation resistance; creep rupture; thermomechanical fatigue;
turbine components
AB Advanced environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are being developed for next-generation gas turbine engines to protect engine hot-section SiC-based lightweight components in the harsh operating combustion environments and extend component lifetimes. The EBC technology development and evolutions have followed a path emphasizing significantly improved temperature capability, enhanced long-term thermal stability and durability, as well as higher toughness to enable prime-reliant coating designs for future low-emission and high-performance propulsion engine systems. In this chapter, EBC designs, composition selections, and simulated engine environment and thermomechanical testing approaches are described for turbine engine high-temperature and high-heat-flux applications. The NASA 1650 degrees C (3000 degrees F) hybrid EBC, 1482 degrees C (2700 degrees F) EBC bond coat systems, and advanced turbine airfoil EBC technologies are particularly highlighted. The recent EBC advances in the NASA EBC system developments and component testing have shown promise in enabling the next-generation high-performance engines. The performance of advanced NASA EBCs for turbine engine SiC/SiC CMC airfoils and combustors have also been highlighted from recent NASA development demonstration programs.
C1 [Zhu, Dongming] NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr, Mat & Struct Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Zhu, DM (reprint author), NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr, Mat & Struct Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
NR 30
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 3
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
BN 978-1-119-10041-6; 978-1-119-10040-9
PY 2016
BP 187
EP 202
D2 10.1002/9781119100430
PG 16
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA BF7FF
UT WOS:000384001300011
ER
PT B
AU Johnson, SM
AF Johnson, Sylvia M.
BE Ohji, T
Singh, M
TI THERMAL PROTECTION MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW
SO ENGINEERED CERAMICS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Ablative TPS; reusable TPS; entry heating; characterization
ID AB-INITIO COMPUTATIONS; REAXFF; DFTB; ZRB2
AB Thermal protection materials and systems protect spacecraft from the heating experienced on entry into an atmosphere. This chapter discusses the sources of heating on entry, the phenomena that occur within or at the surface of materials to deal with that energy, and then the types of materials that have been used and are in development. Examples of specific materials and applications are also given.
C1 [Johnson, Sylvia M.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Johnson, SM (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 27
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
BN 978-1-119-10041-6; 978-1-119-10040-9
PY 2016
BP 224
EP 243
D2 10.1002/9781119100430
PG 20
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA BF7FF
UT WOS:000384001300013
ER
PT B
AU Singh, M
Asthana, R
Lin, KL
AF Singh, Mrityunjay
Asthana, Rajiv
Lin, Kun-Lin
BE Ohji, T
Singh, M
TI INTEGRATION CHALLENGES IN ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS
SO ENGINEERED CERAMICS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE integration; joining; ceramics; composites; fuel cells; thermal
management; graphite foams
ID FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; METALLIC-GLASS INTERLAYERS; CARBON-CARBON
COMPOSITES; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA YSZ; CU-CLAD-MOLYBDENUM;
STAINLESS-STEEL; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SILICON-NITRIDE; BRAZED JOINTS;
AG
AB Implementation of advanced ceramics in a wide array of components and systems for energy production, distribution, storage, and conversion is projected to dramatically increase in coming years. Robust and affordable integration technologies are critically needed for achieving these objectives in a timely manner. In this chapter, recent research on joining and integration of ceramics and ceramic-based materials for energy applications in fuel cells, energy storage systems, thermal management (cooling and insulation), propulsion systems (gas turbines), and ultra-high-temperature systems is presented. The focus is on active metal brazing of yttria-stabilized zirconia, porous carbon, SiC, Si3N4, ZrB2, and composites (C/C, SiC/SiC, and C/SiC). Developments in solid-state diffusion bonding of SiC ceramics are also briefly discussed. Microstructural (optical, scanning electron microscopy, TEM), chemical (energy dispersive spectroscopy), interfacial, and mechanical (microhardness and shear strength) behaviors are discussed together with the thermal behavior of select bonded ceramics. Research imperatives for joining of ceramics for energy-related applications are identified.
C1 [Singh, Mrityunjay] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Asthana, Rajiv] Univ Wisconsin Stout, Menomonie, WI USA.
[Lin, Kun-Lin] Natl Nano Device Labs, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
RP Singh, M (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
NR 31
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
BN 978-1-119-10041-6; 978-1-119-10040-9
PY 2016
BP 291
EP 329
D2 10.1002/9781119100430
PG 39
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA BF7FF
UT WOS:000384001300017
ER
PT B
AU Halbig, MC
Singh, M
AF Halbig, Michael C.
Singh, Mrityunjay
BE Ohji, T
Singh, M
TI JOINING AND INTEGRATION OF SILICON CARBIDE-BASED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES
FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS
SO ENGINEERED CERAMICS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE ceramic matrix composites; silicon carbide; joining; bonding;
integration; turbine engine applications
ID THERMAL-EXPANSION ANISOTROPY; SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITES;
GAS-PERMEABILITY; FUSION-REACTOR; DEGREES-C; FABRICATION; JOINTS;
COMPONENTS; DESIGN
AB As ceramic materials continue to become more widely utilized, and as the technology readiness of fiber-reinforced SiC-based composite materials continues to increase because of advancements in their properties, new joining and integration technologies with increased capabilities will be critically needed. Although manufacturability and strength capabilities of these materials are improved, there remain limitations in the sizes and shapes that can be fabricated. Advanced joining technologies are enabling for the fabrication of large and complex shaped silicon carbide-based ceramic and ceramic matrix composite components to be utilized in high-temperature extreme environment applications. Details of five different joining methods are discussed along with each one's benefits and shortcomings. New strategies are presented for improving the high-temperature stability, strength, and ease of manufacturing. The joining methods were characterized to provide an understanding of the processing-microstructure-property relations. Microstructural analysis of the joining interface was conducted using optical and scanning electron microscopes to evaluate bond quality and identify phases. Results are also discussed of various mechanical test methods that were used to characterize the joints.
C1 [Halbig, Michael C.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Singh, Mrityunjay] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH USA.
RP Halbig, MC (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
NR 63
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
BN 978-1-119-10041-6; 978-1-119-10040-9
PY 2016
BP 352
EP 380
D2 10.1002/9781119100430
PG 29
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA BF7FF
UT WOS:000384001300019
ER
PT B
AU Slaboch, PE
Stephens, DB
Van Zante, DE
AF Slaboch, Paul E.
Stephens, David B.
Van Zante, Dale E.
GP ASME
TI EFFECT OF AFT ROTOR ON THE INTER-ROTOR FLOW OF AN OPEN ROTOR PROPULSION
SYSTEM
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND
EXPOSITION, 2016, VOL 1
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition
CY JUN 13-17, 2016
CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA
SP Int Gas Turbine Inst
AB The effects of the aft rotor on the inter-rotor flow field of an open rotor propulsion rig were examined. A Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) dataset that was acquired phase locked to the front rotor position has been phase averaged based on the relative phase angle between the forward and aft rotors. The aft rotor phase was determined by feature tracking in raw PIV images through an image processing algorithm. The effects of the aft rotor potential field on the inter-rotor flow were analyzed and shown to be in reasonably good agreement with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The aft rotor position was shown to have a significant upstream effect, with implications for front rotor interaction noise. It was found that the aft rotor had no substantial effect on the position of the forward rotor tip vortex but did have a small effect on the circulation strength of the vortex when the rotors were highly loaded.
C1 [Slaboch, Paul E.] St Martins Univ, Lacey, WA 98503 USA.
[Stephens, David B.; Van Zante, Dale E.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA.
RP Slaboch, PE (reprint author), St Martins Univ, Lacey, WA 98503 USA.
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-4968-2
PY 2016
AR UNSP V001T01A012
PG 13
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA BF8EI
UT WOS:000384850000012
ER
PT B
AU Hah, C
AF Hah, Chunill
GP ASME
TI EFFECTS OF DOUBLE-LEAKAGE TIP CLEARANCE FLOW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A
COMPRESSOR STAGE WITH A LARGE ROTOR TIP GAP
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND
EXPOSITION, 2016, VOL 2A
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition
CY JUN 13-17, 2016
CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA
SP Int Gas Turbine Inst
AB Effects of a large rotor tip gap on the performance of a one and half stage axial compressor are investigated in detail with a numerical simulation based on LES and available pry data. The current paper studies the main flow physics, including why and how the loss generation is increased with the large rotor tip gap. The present study reveals that when the tip gap becomes large, tip clearance fluid goes over the tip clearance core vortex and enters into the next blade's tip gap, which is called double-leakage tip clearance flow. As the tip clearance flow enters into the adjacent blade's tip gap, a vortex rope with a lower pressure core is generated. This vortex rope breaks up the tip clearance core vortex of the adjacent blade, resulting in a large additional mixing. This double-leakage tip clearance flow occurs at all operating conditions, from design flow to near stall condition, with the large tip gap for the current compressor stage. The double-leakage tip clearance flow, its interaction with the tip clearance core vortex of the adjacent blade, and the resulting large mixing loss are the main flow mechanism of the large rotor tip gap in the compressor. When the tip clearance is smaller, flow near the end wall follows more closely with the main passage flow and this double-leakage tip clearance flow-does not happen near the design flow condition for the current compressor stage. When the compressor with a large tip gap operates at near stall operation, a strong vortex rope is generated near the leading edge due to the double-leakage flow. Part of this vortex separates from the path of the tip clearance core vortex and travels from the suction side of the blade toward the pressure side of the blade. This vortex is generated periodically at near stall operation with a large tip gap. As the vortex travels from the suction side to the pressure side of the blade, a large fluctuation of local pressure forces blade vibration. Non synchronous blade vibration occurs due to this. vortex as the frequency of this vortex generation is not the same as the rotor. The present investigation confirms that this vortex is a part of separated tip clearance vortex, which is caused by the double-leakage tip clearance flow.
C1 [Hah, Chunill] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 5-10, Cleveland, OH USA.
RP Hah, C (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 5-10, Cleveland, OH USA.
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-4969-9
PY 2016
AR UNSP V02AT37A005
PG 13
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA BF8EK
UT WOS:000384850200005
ER
PT S
AU Pal, S
Clark, SJ
Coleman, M
Gluyas, JG
Kudryavtsev, VA
Klinger, J
Paling, SM
Spooner, NJC
Telfer, S
Thompson, LF
Woodward, D
AF Pal, S.
Clark, S. J.
Coleman, M.
Gluyas, J. G.
Kudryavtsev, V. A.
Klinger, J.
Paling, S. M.
Spooner, N. J. C.
Telfer, S.
Thompson, L. F.
Woodward, D.
BE Bhuyan, B
TI Muon Tomography for Carbon Storage and Monitoring
SO XXI DAE-BRNS HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM
SE Springer Proceedings in Physics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 21st DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics (HEP) Symposium
CY DEC 08-12, 2014
CL Indian Inst Technol Guwahati, Guwahati, INDIA
SP European Phys Journal, Govt India, Dept Atom Energy, Board Res Nucl Sci
HO Indian Inst Technol Guwahati
ID MUSIC
AB Levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide could be reduced through CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technologies. Careful characterisation and management of storage sites will prevent leakages, but monitoring is required to track the migration of CO2 during the injection, emplacement and storage phases. In this paper, we present muon tomography which could provide continuous subsurface CO2 monitoring system at relatively low cost.
C1 [Pal, S.; Kudryavtsev, V. A.; Klinger, J.; Spooner, N. J. C.; Telfer, S.; Thompson, L. F.; Woodward, D.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England.
[Clark, S. J.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
[Coleman, M.] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Gluyas, J. G.] Univ Durham, Durham Energy Inst, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
[Paling, S. M.] STFC Boulby Underground Sci Facil, Cleveland TS13 4UZ, England.
RP Pal, S (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England.
EM sumanta.pal@sheffield.ac.uk
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG
PI CHAM
PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND
SN 0930-8989
BN 978-3-319-25619-1; 978-3-319-25617-7
J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS
PY 2016
VL 174
BP 479
EP 485
DI 10.1007/978-3-319-25619-1_73
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA BF6JH
UT WOS:000383201700073
ER
PT S
AU Smith, AP
Munoz, CA
Narkawicz, AJ
Markevicius, M
AF Smith, Andrew P.
Munoz, Cesar A.
Narkawicz, Anthony J.
Markevicius, Mantas
BE Kovacs, L
Negru, V
Ida, T
Jebelean, T
Petcu, D
Watt, S
Zaharie, D
TI A Rigorous Generic Branch and Bound Solver for Nonlinear Problems
SO 2015 17TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SYMBOLIC AND NUMERIC ALGORITHMS FOR
SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING (SYNASC)
SE International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for
Scientific Computing
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 17th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for
Scientific Computing (SYNASC)
CY SEP 21-24, 2015
CL Timisoara, ROMANIA
SP Univ Vest Timisoara, IEEE Comp Soc
DE branch and bound; nonlinear problems; formal verification; interval
arithmetic; software tool
ID GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; POLYNOMIALS; ALGORITHM
AB Recursive branch and bound algorithms are often used, either rigorously or non-rigorously, to refine and isolate solutions to global optimization problems or systems of equations and inequalities involving nonlinear functions. The presented software library, Kodiak, integrates numeric and symbolic computation into a generic framework for the solution of such problems over hyper-rectangular variable and parameter domains. The correctness of both the generic branch and bound algorithm and the self-validating enclosure methods used, namely interval arithmetic and, for polynomials and rational functions, Bernstein expansion, has been formally verified. The algorithm has three main instantiations, for systems of equations and inequalities, for constrained global optimization, and for the computation of equilibria and bifurcation sets for systems of ordinary differential equations. For the latter category, and to enable the computation of bisection heuristics to reduce the branching factor, advantage is taken of the partial derivatives of the constraint functions, which are symbolically manipulated. Pavings (unions of box subsets) for a continuum of solutions to underdetermined systems may also be produced. The capabilities of the software tool are outlined, and computational examples are presented.
C1 [Smith, Andrew P.] NIA, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Munoz, Cesar A.; Narkawicz, Anthony J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Markevicius, Mantas] Univ York, York, N Yorkshire, England.
RP Smith, AP (reprint author), NIA, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
EM andrew.smith@nianet.org; cesar.a.munoz@nasa.gov;
anthony.narkawicz@nasa.gov; mm1080@york.ac.uk
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2470-8801
BN 978-1-5090-0461-4
J9 INT SYMP SYMB NUMERI
PY 2016
BP 71
EP 78
DI 10.1109/SYNASC.2015.20
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BF7ZG
UT WOS:000384643800013
ER
PT S
AU Fahey, ME
Li, SX
Yu, AW
Getty, S
Grubisic, A
Brinckerhoff, W
AF Fahey, Molly E.
Li, Steven X.
Yu, Anthony W.
Getty, Stephanie
Grubisic, Andrej
Brinckerhoff, William
BE Dubinskii, M
Post, SG
TI Advanced Laser Architecture for the Two-Step Laser Tandem Mass
Spectrometer
SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY XII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security XII
CY APR 19-20, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Mass Spectrometer; Space Laser; Nonlinear Optics; Optical Parametric
Oscillator
AB Future astrobiology missions will focus on planets with significant astrochemical or potential astrobiological features, such as small, primitive bodies and the icy moons of the outer planets that may host diverse organic compounds. We have made significant progress in the laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry area with advancement in the two-step laser tandem mass spectrometer (L2MS) instrument to deconvolve complex organic signatures. In this paper we will describe our development effort on a new laser architecture for the L2MS instrument. The laser provides two discrete mid-infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths on a single laser bench with a straightforward path toward space deployment.
C1 [Fahey, Molly E.; Li, Steven X.; Yu, Anthony W.; Getty, Stephanie; Brinckerhoff, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Grubisic, Andrej] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Yu, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM anthony.w.yu@nasa.gov
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0075-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9834
AR UNSP 983409
DI 10.1117/12.2227141
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BF8EG
UT WOS:000384769800004
ER
PT S
AU Konoplev, OA
Chiragh, FL
Vasilyev, AA
Edwards, R
Stephen, MA
Troupaki, E
Yu, AW
Krainak, MA
Sawruk, N
Hovis, F
Culpepper, CF
Strickler, K
AF Konoplev, Oleg A.
Chiragh, Furcian L.
Vasilyev, Aleksey A.
Edwards, Ryan
Stephen, Mark A.
Troupaki, Elisavet
Yu, Anthony W.
Krainak, Michael A.
Sawruk, Nick
Hovis, Floyd
Culpepper, Charles F.
Strickler, Kathy
BE Dubinskii, M
Post, SG
TI Three-year aging of prototype flight laser at 10 kHz and 1 ns pulses
with external frequency doubler for ICESat-2 Mission
SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY XII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security XII
CY APR 19-20, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Lidar; Frequency Doubling; Laser Contamination; Laser Reliability;
ICESat-2
AB We present the results of a three-year operational-aging test of a specially designed prototype flight laser operating at 1064 nm, 10 kHz, 1ns, 15W average power and externally frequency-doubled. Fibertek designed and built the q-switched, 1064nm laser and this laser was in a sealed container of dry air pressurized to 1.3 atm. The external frequency doubler was in a clean room at a normal air pressure. The goal of the experiment was to measure degradation modes at 1064 and 532 nm separately. The external frequency doubler consisted of a Lithium triborate, LiB3O5, non-critically phase-matched crystal. After some 1064 nm light was diverted for diagnostics, 13.7W of fundamental power was available to pump the doubling crystal. Between 8.5W and 10W of 532nm power was generated, depending on the level of stress and degradation. The test consisted of two stages, the first at 0.3 J/cm(2) for almost 1 year, corresponding to expected operational conditions, and the second at 0.93 J/cm(2) for the remainder of the experiment, corresponding to accelerated optical stress testing. We observed no degradation at the first stress-level and linear degradation at the second stress-level. The linear degradation was linked to doubler crystal output surface changes from laser-assisted contamination. We estimate the expected lifetime for the flight laser at 532 nm using fluence as the stress parameter. This work was done for NASA's Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) LIDAR at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD with the goal of 1 trillion shots lifetime.
C1 [Konoplev, Oleg A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Chiragh, Furcian L.] Pinnacle Engn & Management Solut, 11779 Somerset Ave, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA.
[Vasilyev, Aleksey A.] Trident Vantage Syst LLC, Arlington, VA USA.
[Stephen, Mark A.; Troupaki, Elisavet; Yu, Anthony W.; Krainak, Michael A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electroopt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Edwards, Ryan; Sawruk, Nick; Hovis, Floyd; Culpepper, Charles F.] Fibertek Inc, 13065 Dulles Technol Dr, Herndon, VA 20171 USA.
[Strickler, Kathy] ASRC Fed Space & Def, 7000 Muirkirk Meadows Dr,Suite 100, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Konoplev, OA (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
EM oleg.a.konoplev@nasa.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0075-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9834
AR UNSP 98340A
DI 10.1117/12.2225985
PG 17
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BF8EG
UT WOS:000384769800005
ER
PT S
AU Yu, AW
Krainak, MA
Janches, D
Konoplev, O
AF Yu, Anthony W.
Krainak, Michael A.
Janches, Diego
Konoplev, Oleg
BE Dubinskii, M
Post, SG
TI Laser transmitter for space-based sodium lidar instrument
SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY XII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security XII
CY APR 19-20, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Sodium lidar; Nd:YVO4 laser; space-based science instruments
AB We are currently developing a laser transmitter to remotely measure Sodium (Na) by adapting existing lidar technology with space flight heritage. The developed instrumentation will serve as the core for the planning of a Heliophysics mission targeted to study the composition and dynamics of Earth's mesosphere based on a spaceborne lidar that will measure the mesospheric Na layer. We present performance results from our laser transmitter development effort with emphasis on wavelength tuning and power scaling of a diode-pumped Q-switched self-Raman c-cut Nd:YVO4 laser with intra-cavity frequency doubling that could produce multi-watt 589 nm wavelength output. We will review technologies that provide strong leverage for the sodium lidar laser system with strong heritage from past and current space flight missions.
C1 [Yu, Anthony W.; Krainak, Michael A.; Janches, Diego] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Konoplev, Oleg] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
RP Yu, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM anthony.w.yu@nasa.gov
RI Janches, Diego/D-4674-2012
OI Janches, Diego/0000-0001-8615-5166
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0075-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9834
AR UNSP 98340N
DI 10.1117/12.2225990
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BF8EG
UT WOS:000384769800014
ER
PT S
AU Trahan, R
Nemati, B
Zhou, H
Shao, M
Hahn, I
Schulze, W
AF Trahan, R.
Nemati, B.
Zhou, H.
Shao, M.
Hahn, I.
Schulze, W.
BE Kelmelis, EJ
TI Low-CNR inverse synthetic aperture LADAR imaging demonstration with
atmospheric turbulence
SO LONG-RANGE IMAGING
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Long-Range Imaging
CY APR 19, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Inverse Synthetic Aperture LADAR; ISAL; Long-range imaging; Phase
Gradient Autofocus; PGA; Range-Doppler imaging; Carrier-to-noise ratio;
CNR
ID HETERODYNE-DETECTION; PHASE; ASTEROIDS
AB An Inverse Synthetic Aperture LADAR (ISAL) system is capable of providing high resolution surface mapping of near Earth objects which is an ability that has gained significant interest for both exploration and hazard assessment. The use of an ISAL system over these long distances often presents the need to operate the optical system in photon-starved conditions. This leads to a necessity to understand the implications of photon and detector noise in the system. Here a Carrier-to-Noise Ratio is derived which is similar to other optical imaging CNR definitions. The CNR value is compared to the quality of experimentally captured images recovered using the Phase Gradient Autofocus technique both with and without the presence of atmospheric turbulence. A minimum return signal CNR for the PGA to work is observed.
C1 [Trahan, R.; Nemati, B.; Zhou, H.; Shao, M.; Hahn, I.; Schulze, W.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Trahan, R (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Russell.Trahan@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 25
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0087-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9846
AR UNSP 98460E
DI 10.1117/12.2224322
PG 13
WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA BF8EF
UT WOS:000384769000010
ER
PT S
AU Zhou, HY
Nemati, B
Shao, MK
Zhai, CX
Hahn, I
Schulze, W
Trahan, R
AF Zhou, Hanying
Nemati, Bijan
Shao, Mike
Zhai, Chengxing
Hahn, Inseob
Schulze, William
Trahan, Russell
BE Kelmelis, EJ
TI Low-cost Chirp Linearization for Long Range ISAL Imaging Application
SO LONG-RANGE IMAGING
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Long-Range Imaging
CY APR 19, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Chirp linearization; inverse synthetic aperture LADAR (ISAL); long-range
imaging; PZT waveform modification; chirp resampling; air turbulence
phase piston on chirp length; chirp impulse response; frequency monitor
ID DOMAIN
AB High quality linear laser frequency chirp of high chirp rate is critical to many laser ranging applications. In this paper, we describe a cost-effective chirp linearization approach implemented on our Inverse synthetic Aperture LADAR (ISAL) imaging testbed. Our approach uses a COTS PZT for external cavity laser frequency tuning and a common self-heterodyne fiber interferometer as a frequency monitor, with a two-step hardware and software chirp linearization procedure to achieve high quality chirp. First, the nominal triangle waveform input to PZT drive is modified through an iterative process prior to ISAL imaging acquisition. Several waveforms with chirp rates between 1 and 4THz/s have been acquired with residual chirp rate error similar to +/-2% in usable region. This process generally needs to be done only once for a typical PZT that has excellent repeatability but poor linearity. The modified waveform is then used during ISAL imaging acquisition without active control while the imperfection in transmitted frequency is monitored. The received imaging data is resampled digitally based on frequency error calculated from the frequency monitor data, effectively reduce chirp nonlinearity to similar to+/-0.2% in chirp rate error. The measured system impulse response from return signal shows near designed range resolution of a few mm, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach.
C1 [Zhou, Hanying; Nemati, Bijan; Shao, Mike; Zhai, Chengxing; Hahn, Inseob; Schulze, William; Trahan, Russell] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Zhou, HY (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM hanying.zhou@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0087-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9846
AR UNSP 98460D
DI 10.1117/12.2224122
PG 9
WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA BF8EF
UT WOS:000384769000009
ER
PT J
AU Alston, RJ
Sokolik, IN
AF Alston, Rica J.
Sokolik, Irina N.
TI A First-Order Assessment of Direct Aerosol Radiative Effect in the
Southeastern U.S. Using Over a Decade Long Multisatellite Data Record
SO AIR SOIL AND WATER RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE aerosols; aerosol direct radiative effect; MODIS; MISR; climate
ID SPACE-BASED MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PAST
DECADE; MODIS; PRODUCTS; LAND; REFLECTANCE; VARIABILITY
AB Aerosols comprise a critical portion of the Earth's climate due to their radiative properties. More emphasis is now being placed upon understanding radiative effects of aerosols on a regional scale. The primary goal of this research is to estimate the aerosol direct radiative effect (DRE) and examine its dynamical nature in the Southeastern U.S. based on satellite data obtained from the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) instruments onboard the Terra satellite from 2000 to 2011. This 12-year analysis utilizes satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD), surface albedo, cloud fraction, and single-scattering albedo over the Southeastern U.S. as inputs to a first-order approximation of regional top of the atmosphere DRE. Results indicate that AOD is the primary driver of DRE estimates, with surface albedo and single-scattering albedo having some appreciable effects as well. During the cooler months, the minima (less negative) of DRE vary between -6 and -3 W/m(2), and during the warmer months, there is more variation with DRE maxima varying between -24 and -12.6 W/m(2) for MODIS and -22.5 and -11 W/m(2) for MISR. Yet if we take an average of the monthly DRE over time (12 years), we estimate Delta F = -7.57 W/m(2) for MODIS and Delta F = -5.72 W/m(2) for MISR. Regional assessments of the DRE show that background levels of DRE are similar to the 12-year average of satellite-based DRE, with urbanized areas having increased levels of DRE compared to background conditions. Over the study period, DRE has a positive trend (becoming less negative), which implies that the region could lose this protective top of the atmosphere cooling with the advancement of climate change impacting the biogenic emissions of aerosols.
C1 [Alston, Rica J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Sokolik, Irina N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Alston, RJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
EM erica.j.alston@nasa.gov
NR 32
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU LIBERTAS ACAD
PI AUCKLAND
PA PO BOX 300-874, ALBANY 0752, AUCKLAND, 00000, NEW ZEALAND
SN 1178-6221
J9 AIR SOIL WATER RES
JI Air Soil Water Res.
PY 2016
VL 9
BP 97
EP 112
DI 10.4137/ASWR.S39226
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DX6PJ
UT WOS:000384505300001
ER
PT S
AU Evans, J
Cornford, S
Feather, MS
AF Evans, John
Cornford, Steven
Feather, Martin S.
GP IEEE
TI Model Based Mission Assurance: NASA's Assurance Future
SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM 2016 PROCEEDINGS
SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
CY JAN 25-28, 2016
CL Tucson, AZ
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Qual Control Elect Div, IEEE, Ints Environm Sci & Technol, Inst Ind Engineers, SAE Int, SOLE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, Syst Safety Soc, American Society of Quality Control Reliabil Div
DE Assurance; Model Based Systems Engineering
AB Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is seeing increased application in planning and design of NASA's missions. This suggests the question: what will be the corresponding practice of Model Based Mission Assurance (MBMA)?
Contemporaneously, NASA's Office of Safety and Mission Assurance (OSMA) is evaluating a new objectives-based approach to standards to ensure that the Safety and Mission Assurance disciplines and programs are addressing the challenges of NASA's changing missions, acquisition and engineering practices, and technology. MBSE is a prominent example of a changing engineering practice.
We use NASA's objectives-based strategy for Reliability and Maintainability as a means to examine how MBSE will affect assurance. We surveyed MBSE literature to look specifically for these affects, and find a variety of them discussed (some are anticipated, some are reported from applications to date). Predominantly these apply to the early stages of design, although there are also extrapolations of how MBSE practices will have benefits for testing phases.
As the effort to develop MBMA continues, it will need to clearly and unambiguously establish the roles of uncertainty and risk in the system model. This will enable a variety of uncertainty-based analyses to be performed much more rapidly than ever before and has the promise to increase the integration of CRM (Continuous Risk Management) and PRA (Probabilistic Risk Analyses) even more fully into the project development life cycle.
Various views and viewpoints will be required for assurance disciplines, and an over-arching viewpoint will then be able to more completely characterize the state of the project/program as well as (possibly) enabling the safety case approach for overall risk awareness and communication.
C1 [Evans, John] NASA, Off Safety & Mission Assurance, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
[Cornford, Steven] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Strateg Syst Off, MS 202-202,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Feather, Martin S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Qual Assurance Off, MS 125-233,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Evans, J (reprint author), NASA, Off Safety & Mission Assurance, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
EM john.w.evans@nasa.gov; steven.l.cornford@jpl.nasa.gov;
martin.s.feather@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-144X
BN 978-1-5090-0249-8
J9 P REL MAINT S
PY 2016
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BF7BZ
UT WOS:000383954600087
ER
PT S
AU Huang, ZF
Safie, F
AF Huang, Zhaofeng
Safie, Fayssal
GP IEEE
TI Addressing Uniqueness and Unison of Reliability and Safety for a Better
Integration
SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM 2016 PROCEEDINGS
SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
CY JAN 25-28, 2016
CL Tucson, AZ
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Qual Control Elect Div, IEEE, Ints Environm Sci & Technol, Inst Ind Engineers, SAE Int, SOLE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, Syst Safety Soc, American Society of Quality Control Reliabil Div
DE Reliability; System Safety; Failure Mode and Effects Analysis; Hazard
Analysis; Fault Tree Analysis; Probabilistic Risk Assessment;
Reliability Allocation and Prediction
AB Over time, it has been observed that Safety and Reliability have not been clearly differentiated, which leads to confusion, inefficiency, and sometimes counter-productive practices in executing each of these two disciplines. It is imperative to address this situation to help Reliability and Safety disciplines improve their effectiveness and efficiency.
The paper poses an important question to address, "Safety and Reliability - Are they unique or unisonous?" To answer the question, the paper reviewed several most commonly used analyses from each of the disciplines, namely, FMEA, reliability allocation and prediction, reliability design involvement, system safety hazard analysis, Fault Tree Analysis and Probabilistic Risk Assessment. The paper pointed out uniqueness and unison of Safety and Reliability in their respective roles, requirements, and approaches and tools. The paper discusses and presents some methods for enhancing and improving the individual disciplines as well as promoting the integration of the two.
The paper concludes that Safety and Reliability are unique but compensating each other in many aspects, and need to be integrated. Particularly, the individual roles of Safety and Reliability need to be differentiated, that is, Safety is to ensure and assure the product meets safety requirements, goals or desires, and Reliability is to ensure and assure maximum achievability of intended design functions. With the integration of Safety and Reliability, personnel can be shared, tools and analyses have to be integrated, skill sets can be possessed by the same person with the purpose of providing the best value to a product development.
C1 [Huang, Zhaofeng] Aerojet Rocketdyne, POB 7922,RFA45,8900 De Soto Ave, Canoga Pk, CA 91309 USA.
[Safie, Fayssal] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr QD30, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Huang, ZF (reprint author), Aerojet Rocketdyne, POB 7922,RFA45,8900 De Soto Ave, Canoga Pk, CA 91309 USA.
EM Zhaofeng.huang@rocket.com; fayssal.safie@msfc.nasa.gov
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-144X
BN 978-1-5090-0249-8
J9 P REL MAINT S
PY 2016
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BF7BZ
UT WOS:000383954600080
ER
PT S
AU Izygon, M
Wagner, H
Okon, S
Wang, L
Sargusingh, M
Evans, J
AF Izygon, Michel
Wagner, Howard
Okon, Shira
Wang, Lui
Sargusingh, Miriam
Evans, John
GP IEEE
TI Facilitating R&M in Spaceflight Systems with MBSE
SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM 2016 PROCEEDINGS
SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
CY JAN 25-28, 2016
CL Tucson, AZ
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Qual Control Elect Div, IEEE, Ints Environm Sci & Technol, Inst Ind Engineers, SAE Int, SOLE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, Syst Safety Soc, American Society of Quality Control Reliabil Div
DE Fault Management; FM Analysis Tools; FMEA; FMECA; FTA; Model Based
Systems Engineering; PRA; Spaceflight; Systems Engineering
AB An innovative modeling technique was developed to merge Reliability & Maintenance (R&M) activities with Model Based System Engineering processes. Associated tools were developed to automatically extract R&M products (FMECA and Fault Trees) from the model. The modeling technique and tools were successfully applied to a NASA/JSC project. The method enables the R&M perspective to be taken into account as key design decisions are being made during the design process.
C1 [Izygon, Michel; Wagner, Howard; Okon, Shira] Tietronix Software Inc, 1331 Gemini St Suite 3000, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Wang, Lui; Sargusingh, Miriam] NASA, JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Evans, John] NASA, HQ, Washington, DC USA.
RP Izygon, M (reprint author), Tietronix Software Inc, 1331 Gemini St Suite 3000, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM Michel.Izygon@tietronix.com; Howard.Wagner@tietronix.com;
Shira.Okon@tietronix.com; lui.wang-1@nasa.gov; m.sargusingh@nasa.gov;
john.w.evans@nasa.gov
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-144X
BN 978-1-5090-0249-8
J9 P REL MAINT S
PY 2016
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BF7BZ
UT WOS:000383954600071
ER
PT S
AU Lindsey, NJ
AF Lindsey, Nancy J.
GP IEEE
TI An Innovative Goddard Space Flight Center Methodology for using FMECA as
a Risk Assessment and Communication Tool
SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM 2016 PROCEEDINGS
SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
CY JAN 25-28, 2016
CL Tucson, AZ
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Qual Control Elect Div, IEEE, Ints Environm Sci & Technol, Inst Ind Engineers, SAE Int, SOLE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, Syst Safety Soc, American Society of Quality Control Reliabil Div
DE FMEA/FMECA; Failure Analysis; Risk Assessment; Risk Priority Number;
Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA
AB Functional and Interface Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analyses (FMECA) investigate the following types of detailed potential failure origin and failure impact questions:
What interfaces dependencies or performance issues exist as a result of each potential functional failure or input loss?
If a component fails or exhibits intermittent functionality, is a redundant component available to mitigate the failure effects?
If a failure occurs internal to the component's electronics is there the potential for collateral damage of adjacent systems (i.e., Is propagation possible? Will a system failure "Do No Harm" to other systems?)?
Can any single failure mode of the instrument lead to total loss of science/data from the instrument or other flight systems?
The answers to these questions help to identify Single Point Failures (SPFs), Critical Items, and have the potential to characterize and quantify risk if a risk assessment methodology is used throughout the FMECA process. The following FMECA risk assessment methodology has been developed by GSFC's Reliability and Risk Analysis Branch to assess and communicate failure risks: 1) Correlate Mission Success Requirements-to-GSFC Risk Management Consequence Definitions (GPR 7120.4D); 2) Correlate Failure Severities (NASA/GSFC FMECA Procedures)-to-GSFC Risk Management Consequence Definitions (GPR 7120.4D); 3) Correlate Mission Failure and Duration-to-GSFC Risk Management Likelihood Definitions (GPR 7120.4D); 4) Analyze and characterize each failure mode using these correlations; 5) Assess the Failure Modes as risks, and 6) Communicate risks to mission risk managers. This methodology has already been successfully used on the following NASA GSFC projects: ICESAT-2, OSIRIS-Rex, Robotic Refueling Mission (RRM), Gravity and Extreme Magnetism SMEX (GEMS), and Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) to assess and communicate risks including single point failure risks based on FMECA results. Thus it can be considered valid and useable for other missions.
C1 [Lindsey, Nancy J.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 371,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Lindsey, NJ (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 371,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM nancy.j.lindsey@nasa.gov
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-144X
BN 978-1-5090-0249-8
J9 P REL MAINT S
PY 2016
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BF7BZ
UT WOS:000383954600062
ER
PT S
AU Safie, FM
AF Safie, Fayssal M.
GP IEEE
TI The Role of Probabilistic Design Analysis Methods in Safety and
Affordability
SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM 2016 PROCEEDINGS
SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
CY JAN 25-28, 2016
CL Tucson, AZ
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Qual Control Elect Div, IEEE, Ints Environm Sci & Technol, Inst Ind Engineers, SAE Int, SOLE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, Syst Safety Soc, American Society of Quality Control Reliabil Div
DE NASA; Probabilistic Design Analysis; Reliability; Safety; affordability
AB For the last several years, NASA and its contractors have been working together to build space launch systems to commercialize space. Developing commercial affordable and safe launch systems becomes very important and requires a paradigm shift. This paradigm shift enforces the need for an integrated systems engineering environment where cost, safety, reliability, and performance need to be considered to optimize the launch system design. In such an environment, rule based and deterministic engineering design practices alone may not be sufficient to optimize margins and fault tolerance to reduce cost. As a result, introduction of Probabilistic Design Analysis (PDA) methods to support the current deterministic engineering design practices becomes a necessity to reduce cost without compromising reliability and safety.
This paper discusses the importance of PDA methods in NASA's new commercial environment, their applications, and the key role they can play in designing reliable, safe, and affordable launch systems. More specifically, this paper discusses:
1) The involvement of NASA in PDA
2) Why PDA is needed
3) A PDA model structure
4) A PDA example application
5) PDA link to safety and affordability
C1 [Safie, Fayssal M.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA.
RP Safie, FM (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr QD01, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
EM fayssal.safie@msfc.nasa.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-144X
BN 978-1-5090-0249-8
J9 P REL MAINT S
PY 2016
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BF7BZ
UT WOS:000383954600029
ER
PT S
AU Teverovsky, A
AF Teverovsky, Alexander
GP IEEE
TI Degradation of Leakage Currents and Reliability Prediction for Tantalum
Capacitors
SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM 2016 PROCEEDINGS
SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
CY JAN 25-28, 2016
CL Tucson, AZ
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Qual Control Elect Div, IEEE, Ints Environm Sci & Technol, Inst Ind Engineers, SAE Int, SOLE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, Syst Safety Soc, American Society of Quality Control Reliabil Div
DE acceleration factors; degradation; failures; leakage current; tantalum
capacitors
ID FILMS
AB Two types of failures in solid tantalum capacitors, catastrophic and parametric, and their mechanisms are described. Analysis of voltage and temperature reliability acceleration factors reported in literature shows a wide spread of results and requires more investigation.
In this work, leakage currents in two types of chip tantalum capacitors were monitored during highly accelerated life testing (HALT) at different temperatures and voltages.
Distributions of degradation rates were approximated using a general log-linear Weibull model and yielded voltage acceleration constants B = 9.8 +/- 0.5 and 5.5. The activation energies were E-a = 1.65 eV and 1.42 eV. The model allows for conservative estimations of times to failure and was validated by long-term life test data.
Parametric degradation and failures are reversible and can be annealed at high temperatures. The process is attributed to migration of charged oxygen vacancies that reduce the barrier height at the MnO2/Ta2O5 interface and increase injection of electrons from the MnO2 cathode. Analysis showed that the activation energy of the vacancies' migration is similar to 1.1 eV.
C1 [Teverovsky, Alexander] AS&D Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Teverovsky, A (reprint author), ASRC, GSFC, Code 562, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Alexander.a.teverovsky@nasa.gov
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-144X
BN 978-1-5090-0249-8
J9 P REL MAINT S
PY 2016
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BF7BZ
UT WOS:000383954600009
ER
PT S
AU Tseng, DS
Everline, CJ
Plourde, KS
AF Tseng, D. S.
Everline, C. J.
Plourde, K. S.
GP IEEE
TI Characterizing and Managing System Risks with Selective Redundancy
during Early Mission Formulation
SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM 2016 PROCEEDINGS
SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
CY JAN 25-28, 2016
CL Tucson, AZ
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Qual Control Elect Div, IEEE, Ints Environm Sci & Technol, Inst Ind Engineers, SAE Int, SOLE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, Syst Safety Soc, American Society of Quality Control Reliabil Div
DE ALARP; decision traps; elicitation; RIDM
AB NASA payload medium-risk projects encounter an architectural need to identify and manage risks associated with selective redundancy. An innovative technique has been developed and implemented on two JPL instruments to help managers make risk-informed decisions during early mission formulation, when design details are often sparse.
The process relies on an elicitation approach intended to balance the potential benefits of redundancy against the adverse reliability impacts of additional complexity, potential deviations from heritage practices, and the risk significance/likelihood of a single string failure. Experts in hardware, software, parts, and reliability are asked to rate the likelihood of a system failure due to six broad reliability factors. Those ratings are averaged. Then the experts are asked to rate the likelihood of failure of the same system if it were to be made redundant. While the ratings are subjective, the technique described strives to unify and normalize the ratings between experts and systems. The ratio between the averaged redundant and single-string ratings is called the "improvement factor" and is used to rank redundant systems' ability to lower technical performance risk. By presenting items with the greatest improvement factors on the NASA 5x5 risk matrix, managers can more easily visualize the risk reduction provided by redundancy.
The process has been well received at JPL (nominated for a NASA Systems Engineering Excellence Award, as a "unique and immensely useful exercise in quantifying the benefit of redundancy"). It is currently in-use on several Earth science missions, and will be incorporated into the formulation phase of future missions.
C1 [Tseng, D. S.; Everline, C. J.; Plourde, K. S.] CALTECH, JPL, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Tseng, DS (reprint author), CALTECH, JPL, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM dtseng@jpl.nasa.gov; Chester.J.Everline@jpl.nasa.gov;
kplourde@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-144X
BN 978-1-5090-0249-8
J9 P REL MAINT S
PY 2016
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BF7BZ
UT WOS:000383954600014
ER
PT J
AU Szubert, M
Kodali, A
Ganguly, S
Das, K
Bongard, JC
AF Szubert, Marcin
Kodali, Anuradha
Ganguly, Sangram
Das, Kamalika
Bongard, Josh C.
GP ACM
TI Reducing Antagonism between Behavioral Diversity and Fitness in Semantic
Genetic Programming
SO GECCO'16: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION
CONFERENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO)
CY JUL 20-24, 2016
CL Denver, CO
SP Assoc Comp Machinery Special Interest Grp Genet & Evolutionary Computat
DE genetic programming; program semantics; novelty search; diversity;
geometric crossover; symbolic regression
ID CROSSOVER
AB Maintaining population diversity has long been considered fundamental to the effectiveness of evolutionary algorithms. Recently, with the advent of novelty search, there has been an increasing interest in sustaining behavioral diversity by using both fitness and behavioral novelty as separate search objectives. However, since the novelty objective explicitly rewards diverging from other individuals, it can antagonize the original fitness objective that rewards convergence toward the solution(s). As a result, fostering behavioral diversity may prevent proper exploitation of the most interesting regions of the behavioral space, and thus adversely affect the overall search performance. In this paper, we argue that an antagonism between behavioral diversity and fitness can indeed exist in semantic genetic programming applied to symbolic regression. Minimizing error draws individuals toward the target semantics but promoting novelty, defined as a distance in the semantic space, scatters them away from it. We introduce a less conflicting novelty metric, defined as an angular distance between two program semantics with respect to the target semantics. The experimental results show that this metric, in contrast to the other considered diversity promoting objectives, allows to consistently improve the performance of genetic programming regardless of whether it employs a syntactic or a semantic search operator.
C1 [Szubert, Marcin; Bongard, Josh C.] Univ Vermont, Dept Comp Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
[Kodali, Anuradha; Das, Kamalika] UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
[Kodali, Anuradha; Ganguly, Sangram; Das, Kamalika] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
[Ganguly, Sangram] BAERI, Petaluma, CA USA.
RP Szubert, M (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Comp Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
EM mszubert@uvm.edu
NR 31
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY
PI NEW YORK
PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA
BN 978-1-4503-4206-3
PY 2016
BP 797
EP 804
DI 10.1145/2908812.2908939
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BF5UN
UT WOS:000382659200101
ER
PT J
AU Asay-Davis, XS
Cornford, SL
Durand, G
Galton-Fenzi, BK
Gladstone, RM
Gudmundsson, GH
Hattermann, T
Holland, DM
Holland, D
Holland, PR
Martin, DF
Mathiot, P
Pattyn, F
Seroussi, H
AF Asay-Davis, Xylar S.
Cornford, Stephen L.
Durand, Gael
Galton-Fenzi, Benjamin K.
Gladstone, Rupert M.
Gudmundsson, G. Hilmar
Hattermann, Tore
Holland, David M.
Holland, Denise
Holland, Paul R.
Martin, Daniel F.
Mathiot, Pierre
Pattyn, Frank
Seroussi, Helene
TI Experimental design for three interrelated marine ice sheet and ocean
model intercomparison projects: MISMIP v. 3 (MISMIP+), ISOMIP v. 2
(ISOMIP+) and MISOMIP v. 1 (MISOMIP1)
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID PINE ISLAND GLACIER; GROUNDING-LINE; WEST ANTARCTICA; COUPLED MODEL;
HIGHER-ORDER; SHELF; PARAMETERIZATION; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS;
SENSITIVITY
AB Coupled ice sheet-ocean models capable of simulating moving grounding lines are just becoming available. Such models have a broad range of potential applications in studying the dynamics of marine ice sheets and tidewater glaciers, from process studies to future projections of ice mass loss and sea level rise. The Marine Ice Sheet-Ocean Model Intercomparison Project ( MISOMIP) is a community effort aimed at designing and coordinating a series of model intercomparison projects ( MIPs) for model evaluation in idealized setups, model verification based on observations, and future projections for key regions of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet ( WAIS).
Here we describe computational experiments constituting three interrelated MIPs for marine ice sheet models and regional ocean circulation models incorporating ice shelf cavities. These consist of ice sheet experiments under the Marine Ice Sheet MIP third phase ( MISMIP+), ocean experiments under the Ice Shelf-Ocean MIP second phase ( ISOMIP+) and coupled ice sheet-ocean experiments under the MISOMIP first phase ( MISOMIP1). All three MIPs use a shared domain with idealized bedrock topography and forcing, allowing the coupled simulations ( MISOMIP1) to be compared directly to the individual component simulations ( MISMIP+ and ISOMIP+). The experiments, which have qualitative similarities to Pine Island Glacier Ice Shelf and the adjacent region of the Amundsen Sea, are designed to explore the effects of changes in ocean conditions, specifically the temperature at depth, on basal melting and ice dynamics. In future work, differences between model results will form the basis for the evaluation of the participating models.
C1 [Asay-Davis, Xylar S.] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Earth Syst Anal, Potsdam, Germany.
[Cornford, Stephen L.] Univ Bristol, Ctr Polar Observat & Modelling, Bristol, Avon, England.
[Durand, Gael] CNRS, LGGE, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
[Durand, Gael] Univ Grenoble Alpes, LGGE, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
[Galton-Fenzi, Benjamin K.] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas, Australia.
[Galton-Fenzi, Benjamin K.; Gladstone, Rupert M.] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
[Gladstone, Rupert M.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Versuchsanstalt Wasserbau Hydrol & Glaziol VAW, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Gudmundsson, G. Hilmar; Holland, Paul R.; Mathiot, Pierre] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England.
[Hattermann, Tore] Akvaplan Niva, Tromso, Norway.
[Hattermann, Tore] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany.
[Holland, David M.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY USA.
[Holland, Denise] New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Ctr Global Sea Level Change, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.
[Martin, Daniel F.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA.
[Mathiot, Pierre] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Pattyn, Frank] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Lab Glaciol, Brussels, Belgium.
[Seroussi, Helene] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Asay-Davis, XS (reprint author), Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Earth Syst Anal, Potsdam, Germany.
EM xylar.asay-davis@pik-potsdam.de
RI Holland, Paul/G-2796-2012;
OI Cornford, Stephen/0000-0003-1844-274X; Pattyn, Frank/0000-0003-4805-5636
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and
Environmental Research [DE-SC0011982, DE-SC0013038]; NYU Abu Dhabi grant
[G1204]; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]; European Union [299035]; Office of Science, Office
of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the US Department of
Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental
Research under award nos. DE-SC0011982 and DE-SC0013038. Support was
provided through NYU Abu Dhabi grant G1204. Simulation results were
produced using resources of the National Energy Research Scientific
Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the
Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract no.
DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work has received funding from the European
Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement
number 299035. Work at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was
supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Advanced
Scientific Computing Research, of the US Department of Energy under
contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 59
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 7
BP 2471
EP 2497
DI 10.5194/gmd-9-2471-2016
PG 27
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DT4EE
UT WOS:000381432100005
ER
PT J
AU Robinson, WD
Franz, BA
Mannino, A
Ahn, JH
AF Robinson, Wayne D.
Franz, Bryan A.
Mannino, Antonio
Ahn, Jae-Hyun
TI Cloud motion in the GOCI/COMS ocean colour data
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID COASTAL; IMAGER
AB The Geostationary Ocean Colour Imager (GOCI) instrument, on Korea's Communications, Oceans, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS), can produce a spectral artefact arising from the motion of clouds - the cloud is spatially shifted and the amount of shift varies by spectral band. The length of time it takes to acquire all eight GOCI bands for a given slot (portion of a scene) is sufficient to require that cloud motion be taken into account to fully mask or correct the effects of clouds in all bands. Inter-band correlations can be used to measure the amount of cloud shift, which can then be used to adjust the cloud mask so that the union of all shifted masks can act as a mask for all bands. This approach reduces the amount of masking required versus a simple expansion of the mask in all directions away from clouds. Cloud motion can also affect regions with unidentified clouds - thin or fractional clouds that evade the cloud identification process - yielding degraded quality in retrieved ocean colour parameters. Areas with moving and unidentified clouds require more elaborate masking algorithms to remove these degraded retrievals. Correction for the effects of moving fractional clouds may also be possible. The cloud shift information can be used to determine cloud motion and thus wind at the cloud levels on sub-minute timescales. The beneficial and negative effects of moving clouds should be considered for any ocean colour instrument design and associated data processing plans.
C1 [Robinson, Wayne D.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Franz, Bryan A.; Mannino, Antonio] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ocean Ecol Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Ahn, Jae-Hyun] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Korea Ocean Satellite Ctr, Ansan, South Korea.
[Ahn, Jae-Hyun] Ocean Sci & Technol Sch, Dept Convergence Study Ocean Sci & Technol, Busan, South Korea.
RP Robinson, WD (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 616-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Wayne.Robinson@nasa.gov
RI Mannino, Antonio/I-3633-2014
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH12ZDA001N,
12-ESUSPI12-0005]
FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration through the Earth Science U.S. Participating Investigator
Program (NNH12ZDA001N) [award number 12-ESUSPI12-0005].
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
EI 1366-5901
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PY 2016
VL 37
IS 20
BP 4948
EP 4963
DI 10.1080/01431161.2016.1225177
PG 16
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA DX5EL
UT WOS:000384402500012
ER
PT S
AU Cofer, AG
O'Neill, WJ
Heister, SD
Cardiff, EH
Alexeenko, AA
AF Cofer, Anthony G.
O'Neill, William J.
Heister, Stephen D.
Cardiff, Eric H.
Alexeenko, Alina A.
GP IEEE
TI FILM-EVAPORATION MICROTHRUSTER FOR CUBESATS
SO 2016 IEEE 29TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL
SYSTEMS (MEMS)
SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 29th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
(MEMS)
CY JAN 24-28, 2016
CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc
AB This paper describes a novel MEMS thermal valving system which exploits surface tension as a control mechanism to produce thrust in the sub-millinewton range at less than 1 Watt power at 2 to 5 Volts and using pure liquid water as a green propellant. Over 120 functional field-evaporation devices of different nozzle throat geometries were microfabricated and tested. The throat width was around 8 microns to initiate evaporation at about 50 degrees C with length varying from about 15 to 60 microns to realize different capillary aspect ratios. The thermal and thrust measurements revealed two distinct performance modes for short and long capillaries. The short capillary with a throat aspect ratio up to 2 results in high rates of bulk water cooling beneficial for thermal control. For aspect ratios > 4, the film-evaporation device gives a stable and lower mass flow rate with higher propulsion performance. The measured specific impulse (Isp) exceeds most cold gas micropropulsion systems, due to low atomic mass, and requires no high pressure propellant containment nor massive and power exhaustive conventional valves. Total dry system mass including propellant tank can be as low as 1 1/2 grams to hold 1 gram of propellant and occupy less than 2 cm(3) volume.
C1 [Cofer, Anthony G.; O'Neill, William J.; Heister, Stephen D.; Alexeenko, Alina A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Cofer, Anthony G.; Alexeenko, Alina A.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Cardiff, Eric H.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Alexeenko, AA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.; Alexeenko, AA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM alexeenk@purdue.edu
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1084-6999
BN 978-1-5090-1973-1
J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT
PY 2016
BP 1248
EP 1251
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA BF4ZH
UT WOS:000381797300324
ER
PT B
AU Sarkissian, A
Krishna, BG
Crichton, DJ
Beebe, R
Yamamoto, Y
Arviset, C
Di Capria, MT
Mickaelian, AM
AF Sarkissian, Alain
Krishna, B. Gopala
Crichton, D. J.
Beebe, R.
Yamamoto, Y.
Arviset, C.
Di Capria, M. T.
Mickaelian, A. M.
CA IPDA
BE Mickaelian, AM
Lawrence, A
Magakian, TY
TI The International Planetary Data Alliance (IPDA): Overview of the
Activities
SO ASTRONOMICAL SURVEYS AND BIG DATA
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Astronomical Surveys and Big Data
CY OCT 05-08, 2015
CL Byurakan Astrophys Observ, Byurakan, ARMENIA
HO Byurakan Astrophys Observ
AB An overview of activities of the IPDA is presented in the frame of the recently growing number of successful space experiments dedicated to planetary observation, with a significantly growing number of people involved in such activity and with significantly growing numbers of web services willing to share data and services in our research domain, but also, in close by domains such as astronomy, heliophysics and atmospheric sciences for the Earth. An overview of a number of space agencies and organizations is given. In total, IPDA consists of 13 national organizations: NASA (USA), CNES (France), ESA (Europe), STFC (UK), JAXA (Japan), ASI (Italy), ISRO (India), DLR (Germany), RKA (Russia), RCSA (China), FMI (Finland), ArSA (Armenia) and United Arab Emirates. Some projects of 2015 in frame of the IPDA activities are described.
C1 [Sarkissian, Alain] LATMOS CNRS UVSQ IPSL, 11 Bld Alembert, F-78280 Guyancourt, France.
[Krishna, B. Gopala] ISRO, DPPA, Hyderabad 500037, Andhra Pradesh, India.
[Krishna, B. Gopala] ISRO, WAA, Hyderabad 500037, Andhra Pradesh, India.
[Crichton, D. J.] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Beebe, R.] New Mexico State Univ, NASA PDS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
[Yamamoto, Y.] JAXA, ISAS, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
[Arviset, C.] European Space Agcy, ESA ESAC, Villafranca, Spain.
[Di Capria, M. T.] Italian Space Agcy, IASF, Rome, Italy.
[Mickaelian, A. M.] Armenian Space Agcy ArSA, Yerevan, Armenia.
RP Sarkissian, A (reprint author), LATMOS CNRS UVSQ IPSL, 11 Bld Alembert, F-78280 Guyancourt, France.
EM alain.sarkissian@latmos.ipsl.fr; Christophe.Arviset@esa.int;
aregmick@yahoo.com
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-894-7
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2016
VL 505
BP 29
EP 34
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BF4UR
UT WOS:000381717100003
ER
PT S
AU Singh, NB
Su, CH
Nagaradona, T
Arnold, B
Choa, FS
AF Singh, N. B.
Su, Ching-Hua
Nagaradona, Teja
Arnold, Brad
Choa, Fow-Sen
BE Fountain, AW
TI Design and growth of novel compounds for radiation sensors: Multinary
chalcogenides
SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE)
SENSING XVII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 17th Meeting of the Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and
Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing Conference met as part of the SPIE Defense +
Commercial Sensing (DCS) Symposium
CY APR 18-20, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Crystal; Growth; Bridgman; gradient; Thallium Arsenic Selenide; boule;
fabrication
ID CRYSTALS
AB Increasing threats of radiological weapons have revitalized the researches for low cost large volume gamma-ray and neutron ray sensors In the past few years we have designed and grown ternary and quaternary lead and thallium chalcogenides and lead selenoiodides for detectors to meet these challenges. These materials are congruent, can be tailored to enhance the parameters required for radiation sensors. In addition, this class of compounds can be grown by Bridgman method which promises for large volume productions. We have single crystals of several compounds from the melt including Tl3AsSe3, Tl3AsSe3-xSx, TlGaSe2, AgGaGe3Se8, AgxLi1-xAgGaGe3Se8 and PbTlI5-x Sex compounds. Experimental studies indicate that these have very low absorption coefficient, low defect density and can be fabricated in any shape and sizes. These crystals do not require post growth annealing and do not show any second phase precipitates when processed for electrode bonding and other fabrication steps. In this paper we report purification, growth and fabrication of large Tl3AsSe3 (TAS) crystals. We observed that TAS crystals grown by using further purification of as supplied high purity source materials followed by directionally solidified charge showed higher resistivity than previously reported values. TAS also showed constant value as the function of voltage.
C1 [Singh, N. B.; Nagaradona, Teja; Arnold, Brad; Choa, Fow-Sen] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21043 USA.
[Su, Ching-Hua] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, EM31, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Singh, NB (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21043 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0065-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9824
AR UNSP 982411
DI 10.1117/12.2220405
PG 9
WC Agricultural Engineering; Optics
SC Agriculture; Optics
GA BF6PI
UT WOS:000383503600029
ER
PT S
AU Kramer, LJ
Etherington, TJ
Severance, K
Bailey, RE
AF Kramer, Lynda J.
Etherington, Timothy J.
Severance, Kurt
Bailey, Randall E.
BE SandersReed, J
Arthur, JJ
TI Assessing impact of dual sensor enhanced flight vision systems on
departure performance
SO DEGRADED VISUAL ENVIRONMENTS: ENHANCED, SYNTHETIC, AND EXTERNAL VISION
SOLUTIONS 2016
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Degraded Visual Environments - Enhanced, Synthetic, and
External Vision Solutions
CY APR 19-20, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Enhanced Flight Vision Systems; Synthetic Vision Systems; Combined
Vision Systems; Forward Looking Infrared; Millimeter Wave Radar; DO-341
ID SYNTHETIC VISION; FIELD
AB Synthetic Vision (SV) and Enhanced Flight Vision Systems (EFVS) may serve as game-changing technologies to meet the challenges of the Next Generation Air Transportation System and the envisioned Equivalent Visual Operations (EVO) concept -that is, the ability to achieve the safety and operational tempos of current-day Visual Flight Rules operations irrespective of the weather and visibility conditions. One significant obstacle lies in the definition of required equipage on the aircraft and on the airport to enable the EVO concept objective. A motion-base simulator experiment was conducted to evaluate the operational feasibility and pilot workload of conducting departures and approaches on runways without centerline lighting in visibility as low as 300 feet runway visual range (RVR) by use of onboard vision system technologies on a Head-Up Display (HUD) without need or reliance on natural vision. Twelve crews evaluated two methods of combining dual sensor (millimeter wave radar and forward looking infrared) EFVS imagery on pilot-flying and pilotmonitoring HUDs. In addition, the impact of adding SV to the dual sensor EFVS imagery on crew flight performance and workload was assessed. Using EFVS concepts during 300 RVR terminal operations on runways without centerline lighting appears feasible as all EFVS concepts had equivalent (or better) departure performance and landing rollout performance, without any workload penalty, than those flown with a conventional HUD to runways having centerline lighting. Adding SV imagery to EFVS concepts provided situation awareness improvements but no discernible improvements in flight path maintenance.
C1 [Kramer, Lynda J.; Etherington, Timothy J.; Severance, Kurt; Bailey, Randall E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 152, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Kramer, LJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 152, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM lynda.j.kramer@nasa.gov
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0080-5
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9839
AR 98390C
DI 10.1117/12.2222081
PG 17
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics
SC Engineering; Optics
GA BF6KO
UT WOS:000383224100010
ER
PT S
AU Arnone, R
Vandermeulen, R
Donaghay, P
Yang, HP
AF Arnone, Robert
Vandermeulen, Ryan
Donaghay, Percy
Yang, Haoping
BE Hou, WW
Arnone, RA
TI Surface Biomass Flux across the Coastal Mississippi Shelf
SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VIII
CY APR 19-20, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Ocean Color; Circulation Models; Chlorophyll; Flux; Transport; Shelf;
Satellite; SNPP VIIRS; Coastal
ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; COLOR;
MODEL; CIRCULATION; WATERS
AB The exchange of water masses across the Mississippi shelf was used to determine the chlorophyll flux for an eight month period in 2013 through the major Mississippi River discharge period in Spring and Fall. Circulation models (NCOM and HYCOM) and SNPP satellite chlorophyll products were used to monitor the changes in the shelf transport and surface biological impact. The physical and biological response of cross shelf exchange was observed in rapidly changing dynamic movements of river plumes across the shelf as identified by the models and satellite products. Six sections on the shelf identified exchange corridors of transport and biomass chlorophyll flux of surface waters between the coast and offshore waters. During the eight month period, the nearshore waters show high carbon chlorophyll flux, averaging -60x10(3) kg chl extending to offshore waters. However, at the outer shelf break, a significant carbon flux was observed moving shoreward onto the shelf from offshore waters, averaging +100x10(3) kg chl, which is attributed to the dynamic Mississippi River plume. Results indicate a significant amount of offshore surface waters containing biological carbon can exchange across the shelf, clearly demonstrated through the combination of biological satellite products and physical models.
C1 [Arnone, Robert; Donaghay, Percy; Yang, Haoping] Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
[Vandermeulen, Ryan] NASA, SSAI, GSFC 616-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Arnone, R (reprint author), Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0068-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9827
AR UNSP 98270Z
DI 10.1117/12.2240874
PG 9
WC Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BF6LC
UT WOS:000383238700025
ER
PT S
AU Arnone, R
Vandermuelen, R
Ladner, S
Ondrusek, M
Kovach, C
Yang, HP
Salisbury, J
AF Arnone, Robert
Vandermuelen, Ryan
Ladner, Sherwin
Ondrusek, Michael
Kovach, Charles
Yang, Haoping
Salisbury, Joseph
BE Hou, WW
Arnone, RA
TI Diurnal changes in ocean color in coastal waters
SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VIII
CY APR 19-20, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Ocean Color; Diurnal; Uncertainty; SNPP VIIRS; AERONET; Validation;
Orbit Overlap; GEOCAPE
ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; AERONET; NETWORK
AB Coastal processes can change on hourly time scales in response to tides, winds and biological activity, which can influence the color of surface waters. These temporal and spatial ocean color changes require satellite validation for applications using bio-optical products to delineate diurnal processes. The diurnal color change and capability for satellite ocean color response were determined with in situ and satellite observations. Hourly variations in satellite ocean color are dependent on several properties which include: a) sensor characterization b) advection of water masses and c) diurnal response of biological and optical water properties. The in situ diurnal changes in ocean color in a dynamic turbid coastal region in the northern Gulf of Mexico were characterized using above water spectral radiometry from an AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET -WavCIS CSI-06) site that provides up to 8-10 observations per day (in 15-30 minute increments). These in situ diurnal changes were used to validate and quantify natural bio-optical fluctuations in satellite ocean color measurements. Satellite capability to detect changes in ocean color was characterized by using overlapping afternoon orbits of the VIIRS-NPP ocean color sensor within 100 minutes. Results show the capability of multiple satellite observations to monitor hourly color changes in dynamic coastal regions that are impacted by tides, re-suspension, and river plume dispersion. Hourly changes in satellite ocean color were validated with in situ observation on multiple occurrences during different times of the afternoon. Also, the spatial variability of VIIRS diurnal changes shows the occurrence and displacement of phytoplankton blooms and decay during the afternoon period. Results suggest that determining the temporal and spatial changes in a color / phytoplankton bloom from the morning to afternoon time period will require additional satellite coverage periods in the coastal zone.
C1 [Arnone, Robert; Yang, Haoping] Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
[Ladner, Sherwin] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
[Ondrusek, Michael; Kovach, Charles] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Vandermuelen, Ryan] NASA, SSAI, GSFC 616-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Salisbury, Joseph] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
RP Arnone, R (reprint author), Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
RI Ondrusek, Michael/F-5617-2010
OI Ondrusek, Michael/0000-0002-5311-9094
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0068-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9827
AR UNSP 982711
DI 10.1117/12.2241018
PG 8
WC Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BF6LC
UT WOS:000383238700026
ER
PT S
AU Wald, A
Levy, RC
Angal, A
Geng, X
Xiong, J
Hoffman, K
AF Wald, Andrew
Levy, Robert C.
Angal, Amit
Geng, Xu
Xiong, Jack
Hoffman, Kurt
BE Hou, WW
Arnone, RA
TI Impact of MODIS SWIR band calibration improvements on Level-3
atmospheric products
SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VIII
CY APR 19-20, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE remote sensing; MODIS; calibration; aerosol; water vapor; cloudmask;
cirrus
AB The spectral reflectance measured by the MODIS reflective solar bands (RSB) is used for retrieving many atmospheric science products. The accuracy of these products depends on the accuracy of the calibration of the RSB. To this end, the RSB of the MODIS instruments are primarily calibrated on-orbit using regular solar diffuser (SD) observations. For lambda < 0.94 mu m the SD's on-orbit bi-directional reflectance factor (BRF) change is tracked using solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM) observations. For lambda > 0.94 mu m, the MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST) developed, in MODIS Collection 6 (C6), a time-dependent correction using observations from pseudo-invariant earth-scene targets. This correction has been implemented in C6 for the Terra MODIS 1.24 mu m band over the entire mission, and for the 1.38 mu m band in the forward processing. As the instruments continue to operate beyond their design lifetime of six years, a similar correction is planned for other short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands as well.
MODIS SWIR bands are used in deriving atmosphere products, including aerosol optical thickness, atmospheric total column water vapor, cloud fraction and cloud optical depth. The SD degradation correction in Terra bands 5 and 26 impact the spectral radiance and therefore the retrieval of these atmosphere products. Here, we describe the corrections to Bands 5 (1.24 mu m) and 26 (1.38 mu m), and produce three sets (B5, B26 correction = on/on, on/off, and off/off) of Terra-MODIS Level 1B (calibrated radiance product) data. By comparing products derived from these corrected and uncorrected Terra MODIS Level 1B (L1B) calibrations, dozens of L3 atmosphere products are surveyed for changes caused by the corrections, and representative results are presented. Aerosol and water vapor products show only small local changes, while some cloud products can change locally by >10%, which is a large change.
C1 [Wald, Andrew] Global Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
[Levy, Robert C.; Xiong, Jack] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Angal, Amit; Geng, Xu; Hoffman, Kurt] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
RP Wald, A (reprint author), Global Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
RI Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013
OI Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0068-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9827
AR UNSP 98270Y
DI 10.1117/12.2222594
PG 14
WC Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BF6LC
UT WOS:000383238700024
ER
PT S
AU Wald, AE
Brinkmann, J
Wu, AS
Xiong, J
AF Wald, Andrew E.
Brinkmann, Jake
Wu, Aisheng
Xiong, Jack
BE Hou, WW
Arnone, RA
TI Estimating Terra MODIS polarization effect using ocean data
SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VIII
CY APR 19-20, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
AB Terra MODIS has been known since pre-launch to have polarization sensitivity, particularly in shortest-wavelength bands 8 and 9. On-orbit reflectance trending of pseudo-invariant sites show a variation in reflectance as a function of band and scan mirror angle of incidence consistent with time-dependent polarization effects from the rotating double-sided scan mirror. The MODIS Characterization Support Team [MCST] estimates the Mueller matrix trending from this variation as observed from a single desert site, but this effect is not included in Collection 6 [C6] calibration. Here we extend the MCST's current polarization sensitivity monitoring to two ocean sites distributed over latitude to help estimate the uncertainties in the derived Mueller matrix. The Mueller matrix elements derived for polarization-sensitive Band 8 for a given site are found to be fairly insensitive to surface brdf modeling. The site-to-site variation is a measure of the uncertainty in the Mueller estimation.
Results for band 8 show that the polarization correction reduces mirror-side striping by up to 50% and reduces the instrument polarization effect on reflectance time series of an ocean target.
C1 [Wald, Andrew E.] Global Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
[Brinkmann, Jake; Wu, Aisheng] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Xiong, Jack] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Wald, AE (reprint author), Global Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0068-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9827
AR UNSP 98270V
DI 10.1117/12.2222585
PG 9
WC Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BF6LC
UT WOS:000383238700022
ER
PT S
AU MacDowell, AA
Barnard, H
Parkinson, DY
Haboub, A
Larson, N
Zok, F
Parerai, F
Mansour, NN
Bale, H
Gludovatz, B
Acevedo, C
Liu, D
Ritchie, RO
AF MacDowell, Alastair A.
Barnard, Harold
Parkinson, Dilworth Y.
Haboub, Abdel
Larson, Natalie
Zok, Frank
Parerai, Francesco
Mansour, Nagi N.
Bale, Hrishikesh
Gludovatz, Bernd
Acevedo, Claire
Liu, Dong
Ritchie, Robert O.
BE Shen, Q
Nelson, C
TI High Temperature X-Ray Micro-Tomography
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON
RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION (SRI2015)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation
(SRI)
CY JUL 06-10, 2015
CL New York, NY
SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven Natl Lab
AB There is increasing demand for 3D micro-scale time-resolved imaging of samples in realistic - and in many cases extreme environments. The data is used to understand material response, validate and refine computational models which, in turn, can be used to reduce development time for new materials and processes. Here we present the results of high temperature experiments carried out at the x-ray micro-tomography beamline 8.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source. The themes involve material failure and processing at temperatures up to 1750 degrees C. The experimental configurations required to achieve the requisite conditions for imaging are described, with examples of ceramic matrix composites, spacecraft ablative heat shields and nuclear reactor core Gilsocarbon graphite.
C1 [MacDowell, Alastair A.; Barnard, Harold; Parkinson, Dilworth Y.; Haboub, Abdel; Gludovatz, Bernd; Acevedo, Claire; Ritchie, Robert O.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Larson, Natalie; Zok, Frank] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Parerai, Francesco; Mansour, Nagi N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Bale, Hrishikesh; Ritchie, Robert O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Haboub, Abdel] Lincoln Univ, Jefferson City, MO 65101 USA.
[Bale, Hrishikesh] Carl Zeiss Xray Microscopy, 4385 Hopyard Rd 100, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA.
[Acevedo, Claire] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
[Liu, Dong] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England.
RP MacDowell, AA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM aamacdowell@lbl.gov
RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Acevedo, Claire/R-6711-2016;
OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Acevedo,
Claire/0000-0001-5425-3052; Gludovatz, Bernd/0000-0002-2420-3879; Liu,
Dong/0000-0002-5947-8362
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1398-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2016
VL 1741
AR 050005
DI 10.1063/1.4952925
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA BF6KB
UT WOS:000383222800146
ER
PT S
AU Yu, AW
Harding, DJ
Dabney, PW
AF Yu, Anthony W.
Harding, David J.
Dabney, Philip W.
BE Clarkson, WA
Shori, RK
TI Laser Transmitter Design and Performance for the Slope Imaging
Multi-polarization Photon-counting Lidar (SIMPL) Instrument
SO SOLID STATE LASERS XXV: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XXV - Technology and Devices
CY FEB 15-18, 2016
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Solid-state laser; Airborne altimetry instrument; Space lidar instrument
ID AIRBORNE; SURFACE
AB The Slope Imaging Multi-polarization Photon-counting Lidar (SIMPL) is a polarimetric, two-color, multi-beam push broom laser altimeter developed through the NASA Earth Science Technology Office Instrument Incubator Program. It has flown successfully on multiple airborne platforms beginning in 2008.(1) It was developed to demonstrate new altimetry capabilities that combine height measurements and information about surface composition and properties. In this talk we will discuss the laser transmitter design and performance and present recent science data collected over the Greenland ice sheet and arctic sea ice in support of the second NASA Ice Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-2) mission to be launched in 2017.(2)
C1 [Yu, Anthony W.; Harding, David J.; Dabney, Philip W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Yu, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM anthony.w.yu@nasa.gov
RI Harding, David/F-5913-2012
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 5
U2 5
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-62841-961-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9726
AR 97260J
DI 10.1117/12.2213005
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BF6XP
UT WOS:000383765300011
ER
PT S
AU Berger, K
Voorhies, R
Matthies, L
AF Berger, Kai
Voorhies, Randolph
Matthies, Larry
BE Karlsen, RE
Gage, DW
Shoemaker, CM
Gerhart, GR
TI Incorporating Polarization in Stereo Vision-based 3-D Perception of
Non-Lambertian Scenes
SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XVIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XVIII
CY APR 20-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE stereo vision; non-Lambertian; polarization; 3D perception
ID REFLECTION
AB Surfaces with specular, non-Lambertian reflectance are common urban areas. Robot perception systems for applications in urban environments need to function effectively in the presence of such materials; however, both passive and active 3-D perception systems have difficulties with them. In this paper, we develop an approach using a stereo pair of polarization cameras to improve passive 3-D perception of specular surfaces. We use a commercial stereo camera pair with rotatable polarization filters in front, of each lens to capture images with multiple orientations of the polarization filter. From these images, we estimate the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) and the angle of polarization (AOP) at each pixel in at least one camera. The AOP constrains the corresponding surface normal in the scene to lie in the plane of the observed angle of polarization. We embody this constraint, an energy functional for a regufarization-based stereo vision algorithm. This paper describes the theory of polarization needed for this approach, describes the new stereo vision algorithm, presents results on synthetic and real images to evaluate performance.
C1 [Berger, Kai; Matthies, Larry] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Voorhies, Randolph] InVia Robot, Agoura Hills, CA USA.
RP Berger, K (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM kuberger@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0078-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9837
AR 98370P
DI 10.1117/12.2231110
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics
SC Engineering; Optics
GA BF6KQ
UT WOS:000383224300023
ER
PT S
AU Lee, D
Rankin, A
Huertas, A
Nash, J
Ahuja, G
Matthies, L
AF Lee, Daren
Rankin, Arturo
Huertas, Andres
Nash, Jeremy
Ahuja, Gaurav
Matthies, Larry
BE Karlsen, RE
Gage, DW
Shoemaker, CM
Gerhart, GR
TI LWIR passive perception system for stealthy unmanned ground vehicle
night operations
SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XVIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XVIII
CY APR 20-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Passive perception; long wavelength infrared; stereo vision; autonomous
navigation
AB Resupplying forward-deployed units in rugged terrain in the presence of hostile forces creates a high threat to manned air and ground vehicles. An autonomous unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) capable of navigating stealthily at night in offroad and on-road terrain could significantly increase the safety and success rate of such resupply missions for warfighters. Passive night-time perception of terrain and obstacle features is a vital requirement for such missions. As part of the ONR 30 Autonomy Team, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory developed a passive, low-cost night-time perception system under the ONR Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and Combating Terrorism Applied Research program. Using a stereo pair of forward looking LWIR uncooled microbolometer cameras, the perception system generates disparity maps using a local window-based stereo correlator to achieve real-time performance while maintaining low power consumption. To overcome the lower signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution of LWIR thermal imaging technologies, a series of pre-filters were applied to the input images to increase the image contrast and stereo correlator enhancements were applied to increase the disparity density. To overcome false positives generated by mixed pixels, noisy disparities from repeated textures, and uncertainty in far range measurements, a series of consistency, multi-resolution, and temporal based post-filters were employed to improve the fidelity of the output range measurements. The stereo processing leverages multi-core processors and runs under the Robot Operating System (ROS). The night-time passive perception system was tested and evaluated on fully autonomous testbed ground vehicles at SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific (SSC Pacific) and Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. This paper describes the challenges, techniques, and experimental results of developing a passive, low-cost perception system for night-time autonomous navigation.
C1 [Lee, Daren; Rankin, Arturo; Huertas, Andres; Nash, Jeremy; Matthies, Larry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Ahuja, Gaurav] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific SSC Pacifi, 53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA.
RP Lee, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Daren.A.Lee@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0078-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9837
AR 98370D
DI 10.1117/12.2222788
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics
SC Engineering; Optics
GA BF6KQ
UT WOS:000383224300012
ER
PT S
AU Ryoo, MS
Matthies, L
AF Ryoo, M. S.
Matthies, Larry
BE Karlsen, RE
Gage, DW
Shoemaker, CM
Gerhart, GR
TI Video-based convolutional neural networks for activity recognition from
robot-centric videos
SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XVIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XVIII
CY APR 20-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Human activity recognition; first-person videos
AB In this evaluation paper, we discuss convolutional neural network (CNN)-based approaches for human activity recognition. In particular, we investigate CNN architectures designed to capture temporal information in videos and their applications to the human activity recognition problem. There have been multiple previous works to use CNN-features for videos. These include CNNs using 3-D XYT convolutional filters, CNNs using pooling operations on top of per-frame image -based CNN descriptors, and recurrent neural networks to learn temporal changes in per-frame CNN descriptors. We experimentally compare some of these different representatives CNNs while using first-person human activity videos. We especially focus on videos from a robots viewpoint, captured during its operations and human-robot interactions.
C1 [Ryoo, M. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA.
[Matthies, Larry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Ryoo, MS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA.
EM mryoo@indiana.edu; lhm@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0078-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9837
AR 98370R
DI 10.1117/12.2229531
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics
SC Engineering; Optics
GA BF6KQ
UT WOS:000383224300025
ER
PT S
AU Zhao, Y
Chen, ZZ
Virbila, G
Xu, YN
Al Hadi, R
Kim, Y
Tang, A
Reck, T
Chen, HN
Jou, CP
Hsueh, FL
Chang, MCF
AF Zhao, Yan
Chen, Zuow-Zun
Virbila, Gabriel
Xu, Yinuo
Al Hadi, Richard
Kim, Yanghyo
Tang, Adrian
Reck, Theodore
Chen, Huan-Neng
Jou, Chewnpu
Hsueh, Fu-Lung
Chang, Mau-Chung Frank
GP IEEE
TI An Integrated 0.56THz Frequency Synthesizer with 21GHz Locking Range
and-74dBc/Hz Phase Noise at 1MHz Offset in 65nm CMOS
SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS CONFERENCE (ISSCC)
SE IEEE International Solid State Circuits Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 63rd IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)
CY JAN 31-FEB 04, 2016
CL San Francisco, CA
SP IEEE
C1 [Zhao, Yan; Chen, Zuow-Zun; Virbila, Gabriel; Xu, Yinuo; Al Hadi, Richard; Kim, Yanghyo; Tang, Adrian; Chang, Mau-Chung Frank] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Kim, Yanghyo; Tang, Adrian; Reck, Theodore] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Chen, Huan-Neng; Jou, Chewnpu; Hsueh, Fu-Lung] TSMC, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
[Chang, Mau-Chung Frank] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0193-6530
BN 978-1-4673-9467-3
J9 ISSCC DIG TECH PAP I
PY 2016
VL 59
BP 36
EP U733
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BF5KK
UT WOS:000382151400005
ER
PT S
AU Tang, AJ
Kim, Y
Gu, QJ
AF Tang, A. J.
Kim, Yangyho
Gu, Qun Jane
GP IEEE
TI A 0.43K-Noise-Equivalent-Delta T 100GHz Dicke-Free Radiometer with 100%
Time Efficiency in 65nm CMOS
SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS CONFERENCE (ISSCC)
SE IEEE International Solid State Circuits Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 63rd IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)
CY JAN 31-FEB 04, 2016
CL San Francisco, CA
SP IEEE
C1 [Tang, A. J.; Gu, Qun Jane] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Tang, A. J.; Kim, Yangyho] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Tang, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.; Tang, AJ (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0193-6530
BN 978-1-4673-9467-3
J9 ISSCC DIG TECH PAP I
PY 2016
VL 59
BP 430
EP U604
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BF5KK
UT WOS:000382151400178
ER
PT J
AU Wu, H
Huang, MY
Tang, QH
Kirschbaum, DB
Ward, P
AF Wu, Huan
Huang, Maoyi
Tang, Qiuhong
Kirschbaum, Dalia B.
Ward, Philip
TI Hydrometeorological Hazards: Monitoring, Forecasting, Risk Assessment,
and Socioeconomic Responses
SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID SATELLITE-BASED RAINFALL; GLOBAL FLOOD RISK; MODEL; FRAMEWORK
C1 [Wu, Huan] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Wu, Huan; Kirschbaum, Dalia B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Huang, Maoyi] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA.
[Tang, Qiuhong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Ward, Philip] Vrije Univ, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
RP Wu, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Wu, H (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM huanwu@umd.edu
RI Huang, Maoyi/I-8599-2012; Ward, Philip/E-6208-2010; Wu, Huan/K-1003-2013
OI Huang, Maoyi/0000-0001-9154-9485; Wu, Huan/0000-0003-2920-8860
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1687-9309
EI 1687-9317
J9 ADV METEOROL
JI Adv. Meteorol.
PY 2016
AR 2367939
DI 10.1155/2016/2367939
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW3BV
UT WOS:000383518000001
ER
PT J
AU Feng, S
Lauvaux, T
Newman, S
Rao, P
Ahmadov, R
Deng, AJ
Diaz-Isaac, LI
Duren, RM
Fischer, ML
Gerbig, C
Gurney, KR
Huang, JH
Jeong, S
Li, ZJ
Miller, CE
O'Keeffe, D
Patarasuk, R
Sander, SP
Song, Y
Wong, KW
Yung, YL
AF Feng, Sha
Lauvaux, Thomas
Newman, Sally
Rao, Preeti
Ahmadov, Ravan
Deng, Aijun
Diaz-Isaac, Liza I.
Duren, Riley M.
Fischer, Marc L.
Gerbig, Christoph
Gurney, Kevin R.
Huang, Jianhua
Jeong, Seongeun
Li, Zhijin
Miller, Charles E.
O'Keeffe, Darragh
Patarasuk, Risa
Sander, Stanley P.
Song, Yang
Wong, Kam W.
Yung, Yuk L.
TI Los Angeles megacity: a high-resolution land-atmosphere modelling system
for urban CO2 emissions
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FOSSIL-FUEL CO2; CANOPY MODEL; ERROR CHARACTERIZATION; POLLUTANT
TRANSPORT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HEAT-ISLAND; WRF-VPRM; CALIFORNIA; SCALE;
SIMULATIONS
AB Megacities are major sources of anthropogenic fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions. The spatial extents of these large urban systems cover areas of 10 000 km(2) or more with complex topography and changing landscapes. We present a high-resolution land-atmosphere modelling system for urban CO2 emissions over the Los Angeles (LA) megacity area. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)Chem model was coupled to a very high-resolution FFCO2 emission product, Hestia-LA, to simulate atmospheric CO2 concentrations across the LA megacity at spatial resolutions as fine as similar to 1 km. We evaluated multiple WRF configurations, selecting one that minimized errors in wind speed, wind direction, and boundary layer height as evaluated by its performance against meteorological data collected during the CalNex-LA campaign (May-June 2010). Our results show no significant difference between moderate-resolution (4 km) and high-resolution (1.3 km) simulations when evaluated against surface meteorological data, but the highresolution configurations better resolved planetary boundary layer heights and vertical gradients in the horizontal mean winds. We coupled our WRF configuration with the Vul-can 2.2 (10 km resolution) and Hestia-LA (1.3 km resolution) fossil fuel CO2 emission products to evaluate the impact of the spatial resolution of the CO2 emission products and the meteorological transport model on the representation of spatiotemporal variability in simulated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We find that high spatial resolution in the fossil fuel CO2 emissions is more important than in the atmospheric model to capture CO2 concentration variability across the LA megacity. Finally, we present a novel approach that employs simultaneous correlations of the simulated atmospheric CO2 fields to qualitatively evaluate the greenhouse gas measurement network over the LA megacity. Spatial correlations in the atmospheric CO2 fields reflect the coverage of individual measurement sites when a statistically significant number of sites observe emissions from a specific source or location. We conclude that elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the LA megacity are composed of multiple fine-scale plumes rather than a single homogenous urban dome. Furthermore, we conclude that FFCO2 emissions monitoring in the LA megacity requires FFCO2 emissions modelling with similar to 1 km resolution because coarser-resolution emissions modelling tends to overestimate the observational constraints on the emissions estimates.
C1 [Feng, Sha] Univ Calif Los Angeles, JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Feng, Sha; Lauvaux, Thomas; Rao, Preeti; Duren, Riley M.; Li, Zhijin; Miller, Charles E.; Sander, Stanley P.; Wong, Kam W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Lauvaux, Thomas; Deng, Aijun; Diaz-Isaac, Liza I.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, State Coll, PA USA.
[Newman, Sally; Wong, Kam W.; Yung, Yuk L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Ahmadov, Ravan] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ahmadov, Ravan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Fischer, Marc L.; Jeong, Seongeun] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA.
[Gerbig, Christoph] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Hans Knoll Str 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
[Gurney, Kevin R.; Huang, Jianhua; O'Keeffe, Darragh; Patarasuk, Risa; Song, Yang] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Feng, Sha] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Feng, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.; Feng, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Feng, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM sfeng@psu.edu
RI Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071; Gerbig,
Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603;
FU NASA; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Caltech/JPL
President & Director's Research and Development Fund; NIST
[70NANB14H321]; US Weather Research Program within NOAA/OAR Office of
Weather and Air Quality; Laboratory Directed Research and Development
Program, Office of Science of the US Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX A portion of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. The
Megacities Carbon Project is sponsored in part by the National Institute
of Standards and Technology (NIST). Sally Newman acknowledges funding
from the Caltech/JPL President & Director's Research and Development
Fund. Kevin R. Gurney thanks NIST grant 70NANB14H321. Ravan Ahmadov was
supported by the US Weather Research Program within the NOAA/OAR Office
of Weather and Air Quality. Seongeun Jeong and Marc L. Fischer
acknowledge the support by the Laboratory Directed Research and
Development Program, Office of Science, of the US Department of Energy
under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Thanks to W. Angevine at NOAA for
radar wind profiler data, K. Aikin at NOAA for Aircraft WP-3D data, and
B. Lefer at University of Houston for ceilometer data.
NR 91
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Z9 2
U1 7
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 14
BP 9019
EP 9045
DI 10.5194/acp-16-9019-2016
PG 27
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DT1AE
UT WOS:000381213300016
ER
PT J
AU Welp, LR
Patra, PK
Rodenbeck, C
Nemani, R
Bi, J
Piper, SC
Keeling, RF
AF Welp, Lisa R.
Patra, Prabir K.
Roedenbeck, Christian
Nemani, Rama
Bi, Jian
Piper, Stephen C.
Keeling, Ralph F.
TI Increasing summer net CO2 uptake in high northern ecosystems inferred
from atmospheric inversions and comparisons to remote-sensing NDVI
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CANADA BOREAL FORESTS; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEASONAL
CYCLE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SATELLITE DATA; TIME-SERIES; TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; PERMAFROST CARBON
AB Warmer temperatures and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the last several decades have been credited with increasing vegetation activity and photosynthetic uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere in the high northern latitude ecosystems: the boreal forest and arctic tundra. At the same time, soils in the region have been warming, permafrost is melting, fire frequency and severity are increasing, and some regions of the boreal forest are showing signs of stress due to drought or insect disturbance. The recent trends in net carbon balance of these ecosystems, across heterogeneous disturbance patterns, and the future implications of these changes are unclear. Here, we examine CO2 fluxes from northern boreal and tundra regions from 1985 to 2012, estimated from two atmospheric inversions (RIGC and Jena). Both used measured atmospheric CO2 concentrations and wind fields from interannually variable climate reanalysis. In the arctic zone, the latitude region above 60 degrees N excluding Europe (10 degrees W-63 degrees E), neither inversion finds a significant long-term trend in annual CO2 balance. The boreal zone, the latitude region from approximately 50-60 degrees N, again excluding Europe, showed a trend of 8-11 Tg C yr(-2) over the common period of validity from 1986 to 2006, resulting in an annual CO2 sink in 2006 that was 170-230 Tg C yr(-1) larger than in 1986. This trend appears to continue through 2012 in the Jena inversion as well. In both latitudinal zones, the seasonal amplitude of monthly CO2 fluxes increased due to increased uptake in summer, and in the arctic zone also due to increased fall CO2 release. These findings suggest that the boreal zone has been maintaining and likely increasing CO2 sink strength over this period, despite browning trends in some regions and changes in fire frequency and land use. Meanwhile, the arctic zone shows that increased summer CO2 uptake, consistent with strong greening trends, is offset by increased fall CO2 release, resulting in a net neutral trend in annual fluxes. The inversion fluxes from the arctic and boreal zones covering the permafrost regions showed no indication of a large-scale positive climate-carbon feedback caused by warming temperatures on high northern latitude terrestrial CO2 fluxes from 1985 to 2012.
C1 [Welp, Lisa R.; Bi, Jian; Piper, Stephen C.; Keeling, Ralph F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Patra, Prabir K.] Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Japan.
[Roedenbeck, Christian] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany.
[Nemani, Rama] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
[Welp, Lisa R.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Welp, LR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.; Welp, LR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM lwelp@purdue.edu
RI Patra, Prabir/B-5206-2009
OI Patra, Prabir/0000-0001-5700-9389
FU NASA [NNX11AF36G]; US Department of Energy [DE-SC0005090, DE-SC0012167];
NSF [PLR-1304270]; UC Multiple Campus Award [UCSCMCA-14-015]; MEXT
Arctic GRENE [5]
FX We thank R. J. Andres for useful discussion on the trends and
distributions of fossil fuel CO2 emissions, and NOAA/ESRL/GMD
and collaborating institutions for their contributions to the
GLOBALVIEW-CO2 product. This project was supported by NASA
under award NNX11AF36G, the US Department of Energy under awards
DE-SC0005090 and DE-SC0012167, the NSF under award PLR-1304270, and the
UC Multiple Campus Award Number UCSCMCA-14-015. Any opinions, findings,
and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those
of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NASA, the
NSF, the DOE, or UC. Prabir K. Patra was partially supported by MEXT
Arctic GRENE (ID 5).
NR 119
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Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 14
BP 9047
EP 9066
DI 10.5194/acp-16-9047-2016
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DT1AE
UT WOS:000381213300017
ER
PT J
AU Walter, C
Freitas, SR
Kottmeier, C
Kraut, I
Rieger, D
Vogel, H
Vogel, B
AF Walter, Carolin
Freitas, Saulo R.
Kottmeier, Christoph
Kraut, Isabel
Rieger, Daniel
Vogel, Heike
Vogel, Bernhard
TI The importance of plume rise on the concentrations and atmospheric
impacts of biomass burning aerosol
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; FIRE RADIATIVE POWER; SMOKE-INJECTION;
CLOUD FORMATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; COSMO-ART; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS;
LOWER STRATOSPHERE; MODIS OBSERVATIONS; MODEL DESCRIPTION
AB We quantified the effects of the plume rise of biomass burning aerosol and gases for the forest fires that occurred in Saskatchewan, Canada, in July 2010. For this purpose, simulations with different assumptions regarding the plume rise and the vertical distribution of the emissions were conducted. Based on comparisons with observations, applying a one-dimensional plume rise model to predict the injection layer in combination with a parametrization of the vertical distribution of the emissions outperforms approaches in which the plume heights are initially predefined. Approximately 30% of the fires exceed the height of 2 km with a maximum height of 8.6 km. Using this plume rise model, comparisons with satellite images in the visible spectral range show a very good agreement between the simulated and observed spatial distributions of the biomass burning plume. The simulated aerosol optical depth (AOD) with data of an AERONET station is in good agreement with respect to the absolute values and the timing of the maximum. Comparison of the vertical distribution of the biomass burning aerosol with CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) retrievals also showed the best agreement when the plume rise model was applied. We found that downwelling surface short-wave radiation below the forest fire plume is reduced by up to 50% and that the 2m temperature is decreased by up to 6 K. In addition, we simulated a strong change in atmospheric stability within the biomass burning plume.
C1 [Walter, Carolin; Kottmeier, Christoph; Kraut, Isabel; Rieger, Daniel; Vogel, Heike; Vogel, Bernhard] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Freitas, Saulo R.] Natl Inst Space Res, CPTEC Ctr Weather Forecasts & Climate Studies, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil.
[Freitas, Saulo R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Freitas, Saulo R.] NASA, USRA, GESTAR, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Walter, C (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany.
EM carolin.walter@kit.edu
RI Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012; Vogel, Bernhard/A-9558-2013
OI Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X;
FU NASA/HQ
FX Thanks to I. Abboud and V. Fioletov for their effort in establishing and
maintaining the AERONET site Bratts Lake. Thanks to J. Kaiser and S.
Remy at ECMWF for providing the GFASv1.1 data set. We acknowledge the
use of Rapid Response imagery from the Land Atmosphere Near-real time
Capability for EOS (LANCE) system operated by the NASA/GSFC/Earth
Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) with funding provided by
NASA/HQ. The CALIPSO data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research
Center Atmospheric Science Data Center.
NR 82
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U1 8
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 14
BP 9201
EP 9219
DI 10.5194/acp-16-9201-2016
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DT1AE
UT WOS:000381213300025
ER
PT J
AU Granados-Munoz, MJ
Leblanc, T
AF Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose
Leblanc, Thierry
TI Tropospheric ozone seasonal and long-term variability as seen by lidar
and surface measurements at the JPL-Table Mountain Facility, California
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE;
UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE;
CLIMATE VARIABILITY; INCREASING OZONE; MIXING RATIOS
AB A combined surface and tropospheric ozone climatology and interannual variability study was performed for the first time using co-located ozone photometer measurements (2013-2015) and tropospheric ozone differential absorption lidar measurements (2000-2015) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Table Mountain Facility (TMF; elev. 2285 m), in California.
The surface time series were investigated both in terms of seasonal and diurnal variability. The observed surface ozone is typical of high-elevation remote sites, with small amplitude of the seasonal and diurnal cycles, and high ozone values, compared to neighboring lower altitude stations representative of urban boundary layer conditions. The ozone mixing ratio ranges from 45 ppbv in the winter morning hours to 65 ppbv in the spring and summer afternoon hours. At the time of the lidar measurements (early night), the seasonal cycle observed at the surface is similar to that observed by lidar between 3.5 and 9 km.
Above 9 km, the local tropopause height variation with time and season impacts significantly the ozone lidar observations. The frequent tropopause folds found in the vicinity of TMF (27% of the time, mostly in winter and spring) produce a dual-peak vertical structure in ozone within the fold layer, characterized by higher-than-average values in the bottom half of the fold (12-14 km), and lower-than-averaged values in the top half of the fold (14-18 km). This structure is consistent with the expected origin of the air parcels within the fold, i.e., mid-latitude stratospheric air folding down below the upper tropospheric sub-tropical air. The influence of the tropopause folds extends down to 5 km, increasing the ozone content in the troposphere.
No significant signature of interannual variability could be observed on the 2000-2015 de-seasonalized lidar time series, with only a statistically non-significant positive anomaly during the years 2003-2007. Our trend analysis reveals however an overall statistically significant positive trend of 0.3 ppbv year(-1) (0.6 %) in the free troposphere (7-10 km) for the period 2000-2015.
A classification of the air parcels sampled by lidar was made at 1 km intervals between 5 and 14 km altitude, using 12-day backward trajectories (HYSPLIT, Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model). Our classification revealed the influence of the Pacific Ocean, with air parcels of low ozone content (43-60 ppbv below 9 km), and significant influence of the stratosphere leading to ozone values of 57-83 ppbv down to 8-9 km. In summer, enhanced ozone values (76 ppbv at 9 km) were found in air parcels originating from Central America, probably due to the enhanced thunderstorm activity during the North American Monsoon. Influence from Asia was observed throughout the year, with more frequent episodes during spring, associated with ozone values from 53 to 63 ppbv at 9 km.
C1 [Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose; Leblanc, Thierry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA.
RP Granados-Munoz, MJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA.
EM mamunoz@jpl.nasa.gov
FU NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program
FX The work described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a Caltech
Postdoctoral Fellowship sponsored by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry
Program. Support for the lidar, surface and ozonesonde measurements was
provided by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. The authors
would like to thank M. Brewer, T. Grigsby, J. Howe and members of the
JPL lidar team, who assisted in the collection of the data used here.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory
(ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model
and/or READY website (http://www.ready.noaa.gov) and the NCEP/NCAR
Reanalysis team for the data used in this publication. We would also
like to thank Susan Strahan and the MERRA Reanalysis team for providing
the data used in this study and to acknowledge the California Air
Resources Board for providing the surface ozone data.
NR 110
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U1 7
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 14
BP 9299
EP 9319
DI 10.5194/acp-16-9299-2016
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DT1AE
UT WOS:000381213300030
ER
PT J
AU Kaiser, J
Skog, KM
Baumann, K
Bertman, SB
Brown, SB
Brune, WH
Crounse, JD
de Gouw, JA
Edgerton, ES
Feiner, PA
Goldstein, AH
Koss, A
Misztal, PK
Nguyen, TB
Olson, KF
St Clair, JM
Teng, AP
Toma, S
Wennberg, PO
Wild, RJ
Zhang, L
Keutsch, FN
AF Kaiser, J.
Skog, K. M.
Baumann, K.
Bertman, S. B.
Brown, S. B.
Brune, W. H.
Crounse, J. D.
de Gouw, J. A.
Edgerton, E. S.
Feiner, P. A.
Goldstein, A. H.
Koss, A.
Misztal, P. K.
Nguyen, T. B.
Olson, K. F.
St Clair, J. M.
Teng, A. P.
Toma, S.
Wennberg, P. O.
Wild, R. J.
Zhang, L.
Keutsch, F. N.
TI Speciation of OH reactivity above the canopy of an isoprene-dominated
forest
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC
DEGRADATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AEROSOL FORMATION; PHOTOOXIDATION;
MODEL; FIELD; PART; HYDROPEROXIDES
AB Measurements of OH reactivity, the inverse lifetime of the OH radical, can provide a top-down estimate of the total amount of reactive carbon in an air mass. Using a comprehensive measurement suite, we examine the measured and modeled OH reactivity above an isoprene-dominated forest in the southeast United States during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) field campaign. Measured and modeled species account for the vast majority of average daytime reactivity (80-95 %) and a smaller portion of nighttime and early morning reactivity (68-80 %). The largest contribution to total reactivity consistently comes from primary biogenic emissions, with isoprene contributing similar to 60% in the afternoon, and similar to 30-40% at night and monoterpenes contributing similar to 15-25% at night. By comparing total reactivity to the reactivity stemming from isoprene alone, we find that similar to 20% of the discrepancy is temporally related to isoprene reactivity, and an additional constant similar to 1 s(-1) offset accounts for the remaining portion. The model typically overestimates measured OVOC concentrations, indicating that unmeasured oxidation products are unlikely to influence measured OH reactivity. Instead, we suggest that unmeasured primary emissions may influence the OH reactivity at this site.
C1 [Kaiser, J.; Skog, K. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Baumann, K.; Edgerton, E. S.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC USA.
[Bertman, S. B.; Toma, S.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Chem, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA.
[Brown, S. B.; de Gouw, J. A.; Koss, A.; Wild, R. J.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Brown, S. B.; de Gouw, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Brune, W. H.; Feiner, P. A.; Zhang, L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Crounse, J. D.; Nguyen, T. B.; St Clair, J. M.; Teng, A. P.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[de Gouw, J. A.; Koss, A.; Wild, R. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Goldstein, A. H.; Misztal, P. K.; Olson, K. F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Kaiser, J.; Keutsch, F. N.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Keutsch, F. N.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[St Clair, J. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[St Clair, J. M.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Kaiser, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Kaiser, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM jkaiser@seas.harvard.edu
RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Koss,
Abigail/B-5421-2015; Misztal, Pawel/B-8371-2009; Crounse,
John/C-3700-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Misztal, Pawel/0000-0003-1060-1750;
Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X;
FU US EPA "Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program" Grant [83540601]; EPA
STAR Grant [R835407]; NSF [AGS-1247421, 1628530]; NASA Headquarters
under NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [NNX14AK97H]
FX The authors would like to acknowledge contribution from all members of
the SOAS science team. Funding was provided by US EPA "Science to
Achieve Results (STAR) program" Grant 83540601. A. H. Goldstein and P.
K. Misztal acknowledge support from EPA STAR Grant R835407. This
research has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not
necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement
should be inferred. Additional funding was provided by NSF-grant
AGS-1247421 and 1628530. J. Kaiser acknowledges support from NASA
Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program -
Grant NNX14AK97H.
NR 44
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 12
U2 12
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 14
BP 9349
EP 9359
DI 10.5194/acp-16-9349-2016
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DT1AE
UT WOS:000381213300032
ER
PT J
AU Alvarado, MJ
Lonsdale, CR
Macintyre, HL
Bian, HS
Chin, M
Ridley, DA
Heald, CL
Thornhill, KL
Anderson, BE
Cubison, MJ
Jimenez, JL
Kondo, Y
Sahu, LK
Dibb, JE
Wang, C
AF Alvarado, Matthew J.
Lonsdale, Chantelle R.
Macintyre, Helen L.
Bian, Huisheng
Chin, Mian
Ridley, David A.
Heald, Colette L.
Thornhill, Kenneth L.
Anderson, Bruce E.
Cubison, Michael J.
Jimenez, Jose L.
Kondo, Yutaka
Sahu, Lokesh K.
Dibb, Jack E.
Wang, Chien
TI Evaluating model parameterizations of submicron aerosol scattering and
absorption with in situ data from ARCTAS 2008
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SALT AEROSOLS; BLACK CARBON; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION;
BROWN CARBON; ORGANIC AEROSOL; GOCART MODEL; MIXING STATE; TRACE-P;
PHOTOLYSIS FREQUENCIES
AB Accurate modeling of the scattering and absorption of ultraviolet and visible radiation by aerosols is essential for accurate simulations of atmospheric chemistry and climate. Closure studies using in situ measurements of aerosol scattering and absorption can be used to evaluate and improve models of aerosol optical properties without interference from model errors in aerosol emissions, transport, chemistry, or deposition rates. Here we evaluate the ability of four externally mixed, fixed size distribution parameterizations used in global models to simulate submicron aerosol scattering and absorption at three wavelengths using in situ data gathered during the 2008 Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) campaign. The four models are the NASA Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) Combo model, GEOS-Chem v9-02, the baseline configuration of a version of GEOS-Chem with online radiative transfer calculations (called GC-RT), and the Optical Properties of Aerosol and Clouds (OPAC v3.1) package. We also use the ARCTAS data to perform the first evaluation of the ability of the Aerosol Simulation Program (ASP v2.1) to simulate submicron aerosol scattering and absorption when in situ data on the aerosol size distribution are used, and examine the impact of different mixing rules for black carbon (BC) on the results. We find that the GMI model tends to overestimate submicron scattering and absorption at shorter wavelengths by 10-23 %, and that GMI has smaller absolute mean biases for submicron absorption than OPAC v3.1, GEOS-Chem v9-02, or GC-RT. However, the changes to the density and refractive index of BC in GC-RT improve the simulation of submicron aerosol absorption at all wavelengths relative to GEOS-Chem v9-02. Adding a variable size distribution, as in ASP v2.1, improves model performance for scattering but not for absorption, likely due to the assumption in ASP v2.1 that BC is present at a constant mass fraction throughout the aerosol size distribution. Using a core-shell mixing rule in ASP overestimates aerosol absorption, especially for the fresh biomass burning aerosol measured in ARCTAS-B, suggesting the need for modeling the time-varying mixing states of aerosols in future versions of ASP.
C1 [Alvarado, Matthew J.; Lonsdale, Chantelle R.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA USA.
[Macintyre, Helen L.; Wang, Chien] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Bian, Huisheng] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Joint Ctr Earth Syst, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Bian, Huisheng; Chin, Mian] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Ridley, David A.; Heald, Colette L.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Heald, Colette L.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA.
[Thornhill, Kenneth L.; Anderson, Bruce E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Cubison, Michael J.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Cubison, Michael J.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kondo, Yutaka; Sahu, Lokesh K.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo, Japan.
[Dibb, Jack E.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Dibb, Jack E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Macintyre, Helen L.] Publ Hlth England, Chilton, Oxon, England.
[Cubison, Michael J.] Tofwerk AG, Thun, Switzerland.
RP Alvarado, MJ (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA USA.
EM malvarad@aer.com
RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Chem,
GEOS/C-5595-2014
OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847;
FU NASA [NNX11AN72G, NN14AP38G, NNX15AT96G, NNX15AH33A, NNX08AH69G]; NSF
[AGS-1144165]
FX The authors thank the other members of the ARCTAS Science Team. We also
thank Rodney Weber of the Georgia Institute of Technology for the use of
his PILS data, as well as Christopher Cappa of the University of
California - Davis and Manvendra Dubey of Los Alamos National Laboratory
for their helpful comments. This analysis and associated updates to the
ASP model were funded under NASA Grant NNX11AN72G to M. J. Alvarado, C.
R. Lonsdale, H. L. Macintyre, H. Bian, M. Chin, and C. Wang, as well as
NSF Grant AGS-1144165 to M. J. Alvarado and C. R. Lonsdale. D. A. Ridley
and C. L. Heald were partially supported by NASA grant NN14AP38G. J. L.
Jimenez was partially supported by NASA NNX15AT96G and NNX15AH33A. The
contribution of JED to ARCTAS was supported by NASA grant NNX08AH69G.
NR 85
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 14
BP 9435
EP 9455
DI 10.5194/acp-16-9435-2016
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DT1AE
UT WOS:000381213300037
ER
PT J
AU Woiwode, W
Hopfner, M
Bi, L
Pitts, MC
Poole, LR
Oelhaf, H
Molleker, S
Borrmann, S
Klingebiel, M
Belyaev, G
Ebersoldt, A
Griessbach, S
Grooss, JU
Gulde, T
Kramer, M
Maucher, G
Piesch, C
Rolf, C
Sartorius, C
Spang, R
Orphal, J
AF Woiwode, Wolfgang
Hoepfner, Michael
Bi, Lei
Pitts, Michael C.
Poole, Lamont R.
Oelhaf, Hermann
Molleker, Sergej
Borrmann, Stephan
Klingebiel, Marcus
Belyaev, Gennady
Ebersoldt, Andreas
Griessbach, Sabine
Grooss, Jens-Uwe
Gulde, Thomas
Kraemer, Martina
Maucher, Guido
Piesch, Christof
Rolf, Christian
Sartorius, Christian
Spang, Reinhold
Orphal, Johannes
TI Spectroscopic evidence of large aspherical beta-NAT particles involved
in denitrification in the December 2011 Arctic stratosphere
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NITRIC-ACID TRIHYDRATE; LIMB EMISSION-SPECTRA; T-MATRIX METHOD; LARGE
HNO3-CONTAINING PARTICLES; COMPLEX REFRACTIVE-INDEXES;
OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; VAPOR-PRESSURES; DIHYDRATE NAD; POLAR VORTEX; MID-IR
AB We analyze polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) signatures in airborne MIPAS-STR (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding -STRatospheric aircraft) observations in the spectral regions from 725 to 990 and 1150 to 1350 cm(-1) under conditions suitable for the existence of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) above northern Scandinavia on 11 December 2011. The high-resolution infrared limb emission spectra of MIPAS-STR show a characteristic "shoulder-like" signature in the spectral region around 820 cm(-1), which is attributed to the v(2) symmetric deformation mode of NO3- in beta-NAT. Using radiative transfer calculations involving Mie and T-Matrix methods, the spectral signatures of spherical and aspherical particles are simulated. The simulations are constrained using collocated in situ particle measurements. Simulations assuming highly aspherical spheroids with aspect ratios (AR) of 0.1 or 10.0 and a lognormal particle mode with a mode radius of 4.8 mu m reproduce the observed spectra to a high degree. A smaller lognormal mode with a mode radius of 2.0 mu m, which is also taken into account, plays only a minor role. Within the scenarios analyzed, the best overall agreement is found for elongated spheroids with AR = 0.1. Simulations of spherical particles and spheroids with AR = 0.5 and 2.0 return results very similar to each other and do not allow us to reproduce the signature around 820 cm(-1). The observed "shoulder-like" signature is explained by the combination of the absorption/emission and scattering characteristics of large highly aspherical beta-NAT particles. The size distribution supported by our results corresponds to similar to 9 ppbv of gas-phase equivalent HNO3 at the flight altitude of similar to 18.5 km. The results are compared with the size distributions derived from the in situ observations, a corresponding Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) simulation, and excess gas-phase HNO3 observed in a nitrification layer directly below the observed PSC. The presented results suggest that large highly aspherical beta-NAT particles involved in denitrification of the polar stratosphere can be identified by means of passive infrared limb emission measurements.
C1 [Woiwode, Wolfgang; Hoepfner, Michael; Oelhaf, Hermann; Gulde, Thomas; Maucher, Guido; Piesch, Christof; Sartorius, Christian; Orphal, Johannes] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Bi, Lei] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Pitts, Michael C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Poole, Lamont R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Molleker, Sergej; Borrmann, Stephan] Max Planck Inst Chem, Particle Chem Dept, Mainz, Germany.
[Borrmann, Stephan; Klingebiel, Marcus] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Atmosphere IPA, Mainz, Germany.
[Belyaev, Gennady] Myasishchev Design Bur, Zhukovskii 5, Moscow Region, Russia.
[Ebersoldt, Andreas] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Data Proc & Elect, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Griessbach, Sabine] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Julich Supercomp Ctr JSC, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Grooss, Jens-Uwe; Kraemer, Martina; Rolf, Christian; Spang, Reinhold] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Energy & Climate Res IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Bi, Lei] Zhejiang Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
[Klingebiel, Marcus] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Atmosphere Earth Syst Dept, Hamburg, Germany.
RP Woiwode, W (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany.
EM wolfgang.woiwode@kit.edu
RI Borrmann, Stephan/E-3868-2010; Rolf, Christian/K-5275-2016; GrooSS,
Jens-Uwe/A-7315-2013; Kramer, Martina/A-7482-2013; Spang,
Reinhold/A-2738-2013; Bi, Lei/B-9242-2011
OI Rolf, Christian/0000-0001-5329-0054; GrooSS,
Jens-Uwe/0000-0002-9485-866X; Spang, Reinhold/0000-0002-2483-5761;
FU European Space Agency/Mission Science Division under the ESSenCe
project; JUROPA at Julich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) under VSR project
[JICG11]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Open Access Publishing Fund
of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Research Centre of the
Helmholtz Association
FX The authors thank Myasishchev Design Bureau and the ESSenCe coordination
team for a successful Geophysica field campaign. ESSenCe was supported
by the European Space Agency/Mission Science Division under the ESSenCe
project (Technical Assistance for the Deployment of Airborne
Limbsounders during ESSenCe). W. Woiwode is grateful to the Karlsruhe
House for Young Scientists for supporting a 5-month research stay at
NASA Langley airborne Research Center (NASA LaRC, Hampton, USA), and
thanks M. C. Pitts and L. R. Poole from the CALIPSO PSC team for a great
and productive time at NASA LaRC. We thank M. I. Mishchenko (NASA
Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, USA) for helpful
recommendations and providing the contact with L. Bi (Department of
Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA, now at
School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China), who
performed the extensive IIM C SOV T-Matrix calculations. For
calculations for moderately aspherical particles, we used the
double-precision T-Matrix code for randomly oriented nonspherical
particles provided by M. I. Mishchenko, L. D. Travis, and D. W.
Mackowski at http://www.giss.nasa.gov/staff/mmishchenko/t_matrix.html.
The data set for the simulation of highly aspherical fi-NAT particles
used here is available from L. Bi (bilei@zju.edu.cn). We thank U. M.
Biermann, L. J. Richwine, R. F. Niedziela, and A. Y. Zasetsky for
providing the refractive indices of beta-NAT, alpha-NAT, STS, NAD, and
ice. The CLaMS simulation was performed using computing time granted on
the supercomputer JUROPA at Julich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) under VSR
project ID JICG11. We thank EM-CWF for the data used for the MIPAS-STR
retrievals, the CLaMS simulation, and the potential vorticity map. We
thank Wyoming Atmospheric Soundings (Department of Atmospheric Science,
University of Wyoming, USA) for providing the radiosonde data (see
http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html). We acknowledge the
Physical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA,
Boulder, Colorado, USA, for providing the sea surface temperature data
(see http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). We thank R. Muller (Institute of
Energy and Climate Research (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH,
Germany) for helpful comments. We thank two anonymous referees, H.
Grothe, and M. J. Rossi for helpful comments. We acknowledge support by
the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Open Access Publishing Fund
of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.; The article processing
charges for this open-access publication were covered by a Research
Centre of the Helmholtz Association.
NR 60
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Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 14
BP 9505
EP 9532
DI 10.5194/acp-16-9505-2016
PG 28
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DT1AE
UT WOS:000381213300040
ER
PT J
AU Usui, T
Bouvier, A
Simon, JI
Kita, N
AF Usui, Tomohiro
Bouvier, Audrey
Simon, Justin I.
Kita, Noriko
TI Preface: Evolution of the early solar system: Presolar cosmochemical
fingerprints and the formation of watery rocky planets
SO GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Usui, Tomohiro] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 1528551, Japan.
[Bouvier, Audrey] Univ Western Ontario, Ctr Planetary Sci & Explorat, Dept Earth Sci, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
[Simon, Justin I.] NASA, Ctr Isotope Cosmochem & Geochronol, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Directorate, Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code KR111,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Kita, Noriko] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Usui, T (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 1528551, Japan.
EM tomohirousui@geo.titech.ac.jp
NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU GEOCHEMICAL SOC JAPAN
PI TOKYO
PA 358-5 YAMABUKI-CHO, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 162-0801, JAPAN
SN 0016-7002
EI 1880-5973
J9 GEOCHEM J
JI Geochem. J.
PY 2016
VL 50
IS 1
SI SI
BP 1
EP 2
DI 10.2343/geochemj.2.0416
PG 2
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA DV9JO
UT WOS:000383256900001
ER
PT J
AU Holzmann, GJ
AF Holzmann, Gerard J.
TI Tiny Tools
SO IEEE SOFTWARE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Holzmann, Gerard J.] NASA JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Holzmann, GJ (reprint author), NASA JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM gholzmann@acm.org
NR 2
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 0740-7459
EI 1937-4194
J9 IEEE SOFTWARE
JI IEEE Softw.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2016
VL 33
IS 1
BP 24
EP 28
PG 5
WC Computer Science, Software Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA DV7BF
UT WOS:000383090100005
ER
PT S
AU D'Souza, AI
Robinson, E
Masterjohn, S
Khalap, V
Bhargava, S
Rangel, E
Babu, S
Smith, DS
AF D'Souza, A. I.
Robinson, E.
Masterjohn, S.
Khalap, V.
Bhargava, S.
Rangel, E.
Babu, S.
Smith, D. S.
BE Dhar, NK
Dutta, AK
TI Detectors and Focal Plane Modules for Weather Instruments
SO IMAGE SENSING TECHNOLOGIES: MATERIALS, DEVICES, SYSTEMS, AND
APPLICATIONS III
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Image Sensing Technologies - Materials, Devices, Systems,
and Applications III
CY APR 20-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INFRARED PHOTODIODES; DEVICE PERFORMANCE; HGCDTE
MATERIAL; PHOTO-DIODES; NOISE
AB Weather satellite instruments require detectors with a variety of wavelengths ranging from the visible to VLWIR. The Cross-track infrared Sounder (CrIS) is a Polar Orbiting interferometric sensor that measures earth radiances at high spectral resolution, using the data to provide pressure, temperature and moisture profiles of the atmosphere. The pressure, temperature and moisture sounding data are used in weather prediction models that track storms, predict levels of precipitation etc. The CrIS instrument contains SWIR (lambda(c) similar to 5 mu m at 98 K), MWIR (lambda(c) similar to 9 mu m at 98 K) and LWIRs (lambda(c) similar to 15.4 mu m at 81 K) bands in three Focal Plane Array Assemblies (FPAAs).
CrIS detectors are 850 mu m diameter detectors with each FPAA consisting of nine photovoltaic detectors arranged in a 3 x 3 pattern. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown Hg1-xCdxTe material are used for the detectors fabricated in a modified Double Layer Planar Heterostructure (DLPH) architecture. Each detector has an accompanying cold preamplifier. SWIR and MWIR FPAAs operate at 98 K and the LWIR FPAA at 81 K, permitting the use of passive radiators to cool the detectors. D* requirements at peak 14.01 mu m wavelength are >= 5.0E+10 Jones for LWIR, >= 7.5E+10 Jones at 8.26 mu m for MWIR and >= 3.0E+11 Jones at peak 4.64 mu m wavelength for SWIR. All FPAAs exceeded the D* requirements. Measured mean values for the nine photodiodes in each of the LWIR, MWIR and SWIR FPAAs are D* = 5.3 x 10(10) cm-Hz(1/2)/W at 14.0 mu m, 9.6 x 10(10) cm-Hz(1/2)/W at 8.0 mu m and 3.4 x 10(11) cm-Hz(1/2)/W at 4.64 mu m.
C1 [D'Souza, A. I.; Robinson, E.; Masterjohn, S.; Khalap, V.] DRS Adv ISR, 10600 Valley View St, Cypress, CA 90630 USA.
[Bhargava, S.; Rangel, E.] Teledyne Imaging Syst, Camarillo, CA USA.
[Babu, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Smith, D. S.] Harris Corp, 1919 W Cook Rd, Ft Wayne, IN 46818 USA.
RP D'Souza, AI (reprint author), DRS Adv ISR, 10600 Valley View St, Cypress, CA 90630 USA.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0095-9
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9854
AR UNSP 98540H
DI 10.1117/12.2229414
PG 11
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA BF6DH
UT WOS:000382988000012
ER
PT J
AU Schleeweis, K
Goward, SN
Huang, CQ
Dwyer, JL
Dungan, JL
Lindsey, MA
Michaelis, A
Rishmawi, K
Masek, JG
AF Schleeweis, Karen
Goward, Samuel N.
Huang, Chengquan
Dwyer, John L.
Dungan, Jennifer L.
Lindsey, Mary A.
Michaelis, Andrew
Rishmawi, Khaldoun
Masek, Jeffery G.
TI Selection and quality assessment of Landsat data for the North American
forest dynamics forest history maps of the US
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Landsat; forest cover change; time-series mapping; forest disturbance;
North American forest dynamics; nasa earth exchange
ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; COVER CHANGE; TIME-SERIES; SATELLITE DATA;
CLOUD SHADOW; DATA SET; IMAGERY; OPPORTUNITIES; CONTINUITY; MISSION
AB Using the NASA Earth Exchange platform, the North American Forest Dynamics ( NAFD) project mapped forest history wall-to-wall, annually for the contiguous US ( 1986-2010) using the Vegetation Change Tracker algorithm. As with any effort to identify real changes in remotely sensed time-series, data gaps, shifts in seasonality, misregistration, inconsistent radiometry and cloud contamination can be sources of error. We discuss the NAFD image selection and processing stream ( NISPS) that was designed to minimize these sources of error. The NISPS image quality assessments highlighted issues with the Landsat archive and metadata including inadequate georegistration, unreliability of the pre-2009 L5 cloud cover assessments algorithm, missing growing-season imagery and paucity of clear views. Assessment maps of Landsat 5-7 image quantities and qualities are presented that offer novel perspectives on the growing-season archive considered for this study. Over 150,000+ Landsat images were considered for the NAFD project. Optimally, one high quality cloud-free image in each year or a total of 12,152 images would be used. However, to accommodate data gaps and cloud/ shadow contamination 23,338 images were needed. In 220 specific path-row image years no acceptable images were found resulting in data gaps in the annual national map products.
C1 [Schleeweis, Karen] US Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA.
[Goward, Samuel N.; Huang, Chengquan; Rishmawi, Khaldoun] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Dwyer, John L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA.
[Dungan, Jennifer L.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
[Lindsey, Mary A.] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Washington, DC USA.
[Michaelis, Andrew] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Univ Corp Monterey Bay, Moffett Field, CA USA.
[Masek, Jeffery G.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Schleeweis, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA.
EM kgschleeweis@fs.fed.us
OI Dwyer, John/0000-0002-8281-0896
FU NASA's Carbon Cycle Science and Applied Sciences Programs [NNX11AJ78G]
FX This study contributes to the North American Carbon Program, with grant
support from NASA's Carbon Cycle Science and Applied Sciences Programs
[NNX11AJ78G]. Previous NASA NACP grants [NNG05GE55G] and [NNX08AI26G]
were critical in developing the foundations of the current NISPS.
NR 62
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1753-8947
EI 1753-8955
J9 INT J DIGIT EARTH
JI Int. J. Digit. Earth
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 10
BP 963
EP 980
DI 10.1080/17538947.2016.1158876
PG 18
WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing
SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing
GA DV5IR
UT WOS:000382961000003
ER
PT S
AU Juarez, PD
Cramer, KE
Seebo, JP
AF Juarez, Peter D.
Cramer, K. Elliott
Seebo, Jeffrey P.
BE Zalameda, JN
Bison, P
TI Advances in In Situ Inspection of Automated Fiber Placement Systems
SO THERMOSENSE: THERMAL INFRARED APPLICATIONS XXXVIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Thermosense - Thermal Infrared Applications XXXVIII
CY APR 18-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE, FLIR Syst Inc, IRCameras LLC
DE Automated Fiber Placement; Manufacturing defects; Thermography
AB Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) systems have been developed to help take advantage of the tailorability of composite structures in aerospace applications. AFP systems allow the repeatable placement of uncured, spool fed, preimpregnated carbon fiber tape (tows) onto substrates in desired thicknesses and orientations. This automated process can incur defects, such as overlapping tow lines, which can severely undermine the structural integrity of the part. Current defect detection and abatement methods are very labor intensive, and still mostly rely on human manual inspection. Proposed is a thermographic in situ inspection technique which monitors tow placement with an on board thermal camera using the preheated substrate as a through transmission heat source. An investigation of the concept is conducted, and preliminary laboratory results are presented. Also included will be a brief overview of other emerging technologies that tackle the same issue.
C1 [Juarez, Peter D.; Cramer, K. Elliott] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Seebo, Jeffrey P.] Analyt Mech Associates Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Juarez, PD (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 7
U2 7
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0102-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9861
AR UNSP 986109
DI 10.1117/12.2223028
PG 8
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BF6DU
UT WOS:000382994300007
ER
PT S
AU Taminger, KM
Domack, CS
Zalameda, JN
Taminger, BL
Hafley, RA
Burke, ER
AF Taminger, Karen M.
Domack, Christopher S.
Zalameda, Joseph N.
Taminger, Brian L.
Hafley, Robert A.
Burke, Eric R.
BE Zalameda, JN
Bison, P
TI In-Process Thermal Imaging of the Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication
Process
SO THERMOSENSE: THERMAL INFRARED APPLICATIONS XXXVIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Thermosense - Thermal Infrared Applications XXXVIII
CY APR 18-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE, FLIR Syst Inc, IRCameras LLC
DE Electron beam; additive manufacturing; thermal imaging; near infrared
(NIR); short wave infrared (SWIR); image analysis; closed-loop control;
nondestructive evaluation
AB Researchers at NASA Langley Research Center have been developing the Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication (EBF3) metal additive manufacturing process for the past 15 years. In this process, an electron beam is used as a heat source to create a small molten pool on a substrate into which wire is fed. The electron beam and wire feed assembly are translated with respect to the substrate to follow a predetermined tool path. This process is repeated in a layer-wise fashion to fabricate metal structural components. In-process imaging has been integrated into the EBF3 system using a near-infrared (NIR) camera. The images are processed to provide thermal and spatial measurements that have been incorporated into a closed-loop control system to maintain consistent thermal conditions throughout the build. Other information in the thermal images is being used to assess quality in real time by detecting flaws in prior layers of the deposit. NIR camera incorporation into the system has improved the consistency of the deposited material and provides the potential for real-time flaw detection which, ultimately, could lead to the manufacture of better, more reliable components using this additive manufacturing process.
C1 [Taminger, Karen M.; Zalameda, Joseph N.; Hafley, Robert A.; Burke, Eric R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Domack, Christopher S.; Taminger, Brian L.] Analyt Mech Associates Inc, 21 Enterprise Pkwy,Suite 300, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
RP Taminger, KM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM karen.m.taminger@nasa.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0102-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9861
AR UNSP 986102
DI 10.1117/12.2222439
PG 11
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BF6DU
UT WOS:000382994300002
ER
PT S
AU Winfree, WP
Zalameda, JN
Howell, PA
Cramer, KE
AF Winfree, William P.
Zalameda, Joseph N.
Howell, Patricia A.
Cramer, K. Elliott
BE Zalameda, JN
Bison, P
TI Simulation of Thermographic Responses of Delaminations in Composites
with Quadrupole Method
SO THERMOSENSE: THERMAL INFRARED APPLICATIONS XXXVIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Thermosense - Thermal Infrared Applications XXXVIII
CY APR 18-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE, FLIR Syst Inc, IRCameras LLC
DE thermography; composite; nondestructive evaluation; simulation
ID PULSED THERMOGRAPHY
AB The application of the quadrupole method for simulating thermal responses of delaminations in carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites materials is presented. The method solves for the flux at the interface containing the delamination. From the interface flux, the temperature at the surface is calculated. While the results presented are for single sided measurements, with flash heating, expansion of the technique to arbitrary temporal flux heating or through transmission measurements is simple. The quadrupole method is shown to have two distinct advantages relative to finite element or finite difference techniques. First, it is straight forward to incorporate arbitrary shaped delaminations into the simulation. Second, the quadrupole method enables calculation of the thermal response at only the times of interest. This, combined with a significant reduction in the number of degrees of freedom for the same simulation quality, results in a reduction of the computation time by at least an order of magnitude. Therefore, it is a more viable technique for model based inversion of thermographic data. Results for simulations of delaminations in composites are presented and compared to measurements and finite element method results.
C1 [Winfree, William P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 225, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Zalameda, Joseph N.; Howell, Patricia A.; Cramer, K. Elliott] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Winfree, WP (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 225, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
EM william.p.winfree@nasa.gov; joseph.n.zalameda@nasa.gov;
p.a.howell@nasa.gov; k.elliott.cramer@nasa.gov
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0102-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9861
AR UNSP 98610N
DI 10.1117/12.2221994
PG 14
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BF6DU
UT WOS:000382994300019
ER
PT S
AU Zalameda, JN
Horne, MR
Madaras, EI
Burke, ER
AF Zalameda, Joseph N.
Horne, Michael R.
Madaras, Eric I.
Burke, Eric R.
BE Zalameda, JN
Bison, P
TI Combining Passive Thermography and Acoustic Emission for Large Area
Fatigue Damage Growth Assessment of a Composite Structure
SO THERMOSENSE: THERMAL INFRARED APPLICATIONS XXXVIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Thermosense - Thermal Infrared Applications XXXVIII
CY APR 18-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE, FLIR Syst Inc, IRCameras LLC
DE Thermal nondestructive evaluation; fatigue damage detection; aerospace
composite inspection; acoustic emission; passive thermography
AB Passive thermography and acoustic emission data were obtained for improved real time damage detection during fatigue loading. A strong positive correlation was demonstrated between acoustic energy event location and thermal heating, especially if the structure under load was nearing ultimate failure. An image processing routine was developed to map the acoustic emission data onto the thermal imagery. This required removing optical barrel distortion and angular rotation from the thermal data. The acoustic emission data were then mapped onto thermal data, revealing the cluster of acoustic emission event locations around the thermal signatures of interest. By combining both techniques, progression of damage growth is confirmed and areas of failure are identified. This technology provides improved real time inspections of advanced composite structures during fatigue testing.
C1 [Zalameda, Joseph N.; Madaras, Eric I.; Burke, Eric R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Horne, Michael R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Zalameda, JN (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM joseph.n.zalameda@nasa.gov
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0102-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9861
AR UNSP 98610G
DI 10.1117/12.2220402
PG 9
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BF6DU
UT WOS:000382994300012
ER
PT J
AU Le Vine, DM
Wentz, F
Miessner, T
Dinnat, EP
Lagerloef, G
AF Le Vine, D. M.
Wentz, F.
Miessner, T.
Dinnat, E. P.
Lagerloef, G.
GP IEEE
TI Status of Aquarius and the Salinity Retrieval
SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of
the Environment (MicroRad)
CY APR 11-14, 2016
CL Espoo, FINLAND
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ
DE Remote Sensing; L-band; Salinity
ID SURFACE SALINITY; RADIOMETER; SPACE
AB Aquarius is a radiometer/scatterometer combination specifically designed for remote sensing of sea surface salinity. The instrument was launched on June 10, 2011 as part of the Aquarius/SAC-D observatory. The observatory and all instruments were lost on June 7, 2015 when a power failure on the satellite resulted in loss of control of the observatory. Mission operations have ended and the Aquarius science team is preparing a final reprocessing of the data. Among the improvements expected are correction for reflected radiation from the galaxy and an instrument-only correction for small leaves a legacy of almost 4 years of data that are unique for accuracy and the combined active/passive look at the surface. This paper reports the status of mission and preliminary results of a new development in calibration.
C1 [Le Vine, D. M.; Dinnat, E. P.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Wentz, F.; Miessner, T.] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 USA.
[Dinnat, E. P.] Chapman Univ, Orange, CA 92866 USA.
RP Le Vine, DM (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-5090-2951-8
PY 2016
BP 5
EP 8
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing
GA BF5QG
UT WOS:000382491900002
ER
PT J
AU Le Vine, DM
Abraham, S
AF Le Vine, David M.
Abraham, Saji
GP IEEE
TI Faraday Rotation and the SMAP Radiometer
SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of
the Environment (MicroRad)
CY APR 11-14, 2016
CL Espoo, FINLAND
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ
DE Faraday rotation; L-band; Remote sensing
AB Faraday rotation is an issue to be taken into account in remote sensing from space at L-band. This is especially so for a conical scanner such as SMAP with a focus on soil moisture because the rotation angle varies with position around the scan and because the angle retrieved over land is noisy. Examples are reported. This is part of research to determine the accuracy of the retrieval of the rotation angle and the optimum way to deal with Faraday rotation over land.
C1 [Le Vine, David M.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Abraham, Saji] Wyle Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Le Vine, DM (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-5090-2951-8
PY 2016
BP 25
EP 26
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing
GA BF5QG
UT WOS:000382491900006
ER
PT J
AU Huffman, GJ
Levizzani, V
Ferraro, RR
Turk, FJ
Kidd, C
AF Huffman, George J.
Levizzani, Vincenzo
Ferraro, Ralph R.
Turk, F. Joseph
Kidd, Christopher
GP IEEE
TI Requirements for a Robust Precipitation Constellation
SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of
the Environment (MicroRad)
CY APR 11-14, 2016
CL Espoo, FINLAND
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ
DE precipitation; satellite constellation; sensor characteristics;
precipitation retrievals; intercalibration
AB Over the last 15 years the constellation of satellites carrying passive microwave (PMW) sensors has grown to a mature collection of almost a dozen satellites at any given time. Increasingly, a broad range of science and user communities have come to depend on the quasi-global precipitation analyses that intercalibrate and merge these individual PMW precipitation data streams. At present, the constellation of precipitation-relevant conical and cross-track scanning multichannel PMW instruments depends on many satellites past their design life and in continued operation by the responsible agencies. The Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Water Strategy and subsequent discussions in Coordinating Group for Meteorological Satellites (CGMS) and Committee on Earth Observing Systems (CEOS) have raised the issue of how a robust future precipitation constellation should be constructed. We discuss how retrievals are impacted by sensor resolution and channel diversity, the observation interval, and the use of a quasi-operational satellite precipitation radar for calibration. Specifically: 1) Sensor footprints larger than about 5-10 km start to introduce significant amounts of non-linearity in the retrievals, the so-called beam-filling problem. 2) Channel diversity has been shown to be necessary for covering the range of precipitation rates and types (liquid vs. solid). As well, diverse polarization at a given frequency is also important. 3) An observation interval less than three hours for every time around the day barely accommodates the required revist times for cloud-scale precipitating systems. 4) The precipitation radars on the precessing TRMM and GPM Core Observatory satellites have demonstrated the utility of routine calibration for precipitation estimates across all the PMW sensors (and in the case of GPM this is done for most of the Earth's climate zones). Such considerations are critical to the discussion on how to shift to a new, more diverse generation of precipitation-relevant sensors while preserving the characteristics that provide (and support continued innovation of) quality PMW retrievals and value-added products that many users find attractive.
C1 [Huffman, George J.; Kidd, Christopher] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Levizzani, Vincenzo] CNR, ISAC, Bologna, Italy.
[Ferraro, Ralph R.] NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA.
[Turk, F. Joseph] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Kidd, Christopher] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Huffman, GJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM george.j.huffman@nasa.gov
NR 13
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-5090-2951-8
PY 2016
BP 37
EP 41
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing
GA BF5QG
UT WOS:000382491900009
ER
PT J
AU Kangaslahti, P
Schlecht, E
Jiang, J
Deal, WR
Zamora, A
Leong, K
Reising, SC
Bosch, X
Ogut, M
AF Kangaslahti, Pekka
Schlecht, Erich
Jiang, Jonathan
Deal, William R.
Zamora, Alex
Leong, Kevin
Reising, Steven C.
Bosch, Xavier
Ogut, Mehmet
GP IEEE
TI CubeSat Scale Receivers for Measurement of Ice in Clouds
SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of
the Environment (MicroRad)
CY APR 11-14, 2016
CL Espoo, FINLAND
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ
DE InP MMIC; Low Noise Amplifier; Atmospheric Remote Sensing; mixers;
millimeter-wave integrated circuits
AB Global measurements of ice in clouds, both the amount and particle size distribution, are critically needed to reduce uncertainties in global climate models. The retrieval of this information is best achieved with a range of receiver channels across the submillimeter wave range. Advancement of low noise Indium Phosphide (InP) MMIC amplifier technology enabled us to develop miniature submillimeter-wave receivers for a CubeSat scale instrument that achieves 6 km spatial resolution. The heritage of InP MMICs includes continuous operation for four years in the PLANCK Low Frequency Instrument and providing world-record sensitivity with high reliability in several airborne instruments. We have developed a set of InP MMICs for receivers at 240, 310, 380 and 670 GHz with significantly lower noise than previously reported. The noise temperature is NT=450 K at 240 GHz, NT=550K at 310 GHz and NT=650 K at 380 GHz. The 670 GHz LNAs provide a NT of 2400 K. These channels are complemented by the previously-developed and airborne-proven 183 and 118 GHz MMIC receivers that were tested to TRL 6.
C1 [Kangaslahti, Pekka; Schlecht, Erich; Jiang, Jonathan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Deal, William R.; Zamora, Alex; Leong, Kevin] Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA USA.
[Reising, Steven C.; Bosch, Xavier; Ogut, Mehmet] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Kangaslahti, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-5090-2951-8
PY 2016
BP 42
EP 47
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing
GA BF5QG
UT WOS:000382491900010
ER
PT J
AU Schoenwald, AJ
Bradley, DC
Mohammed, PN
Piepmeier, JR
Wong, M
AF Schoenwald, Adam J.
Bradley, Damon C.
Mohammed, Priscilla N.
Piepmeier, Jeffrey R.
Wong, Mark
GP IEEE
TI PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A HARDWARE IMPLEMENTED COMPLEX SIGNAL KURTOSIS
RADIO-FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE DETECTOR
SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of
the Environment (MicroRad)
CY APR 11-14, 2016
CL Espoo, FINLAND
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ
DE Interference; Circularity; Complex Random Process; Radiometer; Digital
Receiver; Kurtosis; Complex Kurtosis
AB In the field of microwave radiometry, Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) consistently degrades the value of scientific results. Through the use of digital receivers and signal processing, the effects of RFI on scientific measurements can be reduced depending on certain circumstances. As technology allows us to implement wider band digital receivers for radiometry, the problem of RFI mitigation changes. Our work focuses on finding a detector that outperforms real kurtosis in wide band scenarios. The algorithm implemented is a complex signal kurtosis detector which was modeled and simulated. The performance of both complex and real signal kurtosis is evaluated for continuous wave, pulsed continuous wave, and wide band quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulations. The use of complex signal kurtosis increased the detectability of interference.
C1 [Schoenwald, Adam J.; Bradley, Damon C.; Mohammed, Priscilla N.; Piepmeier, Jeffrey R.; Wong, Mark] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Mohammed, Priscilla N.] Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA.
RP Schoenwald, AJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-5090-2951-8
PY 2016
BP 71
EP 75
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing
GA BF5QG
UT WOS:000382491900016
ER
PT J
AU de Matthaeis, P
AF de Matthaeis, Paolo
GP IEEE
TI SEA ICE THICKNESS RETRIEVAL AT L-BAND: COMPARISON BETWEEN RESULTS FROM
AQUARIUS AND SMAP DATA
SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of
the Environment (MicroRad)
CY APR 11-14, 2016
CL Espoo, FINLAND
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ
DE Sea Ice Thickness; Microwave Radiometry; Aquarius; SMAP
ID SALINITY; MODEL
AB Aquarius and SMAP brightness temperature data are used to estimate sea ice thickness in the polar regions. The method is based on the inversion of a radiative transfer model for ice-covered sea. This model predicts the emission from ice covered sea and is similar to the one used by the SMOS group. The sea ice thickness values retrieved from Aquarius and SMAP measurements using this technique are compared with the SMOS data. Since Aquarius ceased operation due to component failure on at the beginning of June 2015, while the SMAP radiometer began operating at the end of March 2015, data from April 2015 are used in the comparison. Results obtained using Aquarius and SMAP data are consistent with each other, but show a high uncertainty compared to the SMOS sea ice thickness product.
C1 [de Matthaeis, Paolo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP de Matthaeis, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM paolo.dematthaeis@nasa.gov
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-5090-2951-8
PY 2016
BP 95
EP 97
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing
GA BF5QG
UT WOS:000382491900021
ER
PT J
AU Kidd, C
Ringerud, S
Skofronick-Jackson, G
Huffman, G
AF Kidd, Chris
Ringerud, Sarah
Skofronick-Jackson, Gail
Huffman, George
GP IEEE
TI Precipitation retrievals from passive microwave cross-track sounding
instruments
SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of
the Environment (MicroRad)
CY APR 11-14, 2016
CL Espoo, FINLAND
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ
DE passive microwave observations; precipitation estimation
AB Precipitation (rain and snow) is a key geophysical parameter. Due the temporal and spatial variability it is vital to exploit all available data sources, and in particular all available passive microwave sensors. This paper concentrates upon the development of a physical retrieval scheme to obtain precipitation estimates from cross-track passive microwave sensors (a.k.a. 'sounders'). Initial studies into the impact of the variable Earth incidence angle upon the retrievals suggested that while changes in polarization were minimal, resolution played a greater part. Although the scheme was originally envisaged with 75 scan-position/surface type databases generated from satellite/surface observations, the final scheme utilizes a model-generated database with a single database; results from this scheme are presented. The paper finally presents some initial work from investigations into the next-generated cross-track retrieval schemes.
C1 [Kidd, Chris] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Ringerud, Sarah] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA.
[Skofronick-Jackson, Gail; Huffman, George] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Processes Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Kidd, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM chris.kidd@nasa.gov
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-5090-2951-8
PY 2016
BP 107
EP 109
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing
GA BF5QG
UT WOS:000382491900024
ER
PT J
AU Yanovsky, I
Lambrigtsen, B
AF Yanovsky, Igor
Lambrigtsen, Bjorn
GP IEEE
TI SPARSITY-BASED APPROACHES FOR MULTISPECTRAL SUPER-RESOLUTION OF TROPICAL
CYCLONE IMAGERY
SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of
the Environment (MicroRad)
CY APR 11-14, 2016
CL Espoo, FINLAND
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ
DE Aperture synthesis system; inverse problems; microwave imaging;
multispectral image analysis; remote sensing; spatial resolution;
super-resolution
ID REGULARIZATION; ALGORITHM; RADIOMETER; NOISE
AB An aperture synthesis system produces ringing at sharp edges and other transitions in the observed field. In this paper, we have developed an efficient multispectral deconvolution method, based on Split Bregman total variation minimization technique, and showed it to reduce image ringing, blurring, and distortion, while sharpening the image and preserving information content. We also present a multispectral multi-frame super-resolution method that is robust to image noise and noise in the point spread function and leads to additional improvements in spatial resolution. The methodologies are based on current research in sparse optimization and compressed sensing, which lead to unprecedented efficiencies for solving image reconstruction problems.
C1 [Yanovsky, Igor; Lambrigtsen, Bjorn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Yanovsky, Igor] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Yanovsky, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.; Yanovsky, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-5090-2951-8
PY 2016
BP 139
EP 144
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing
GA BF5QG
UT WOS:000382491900031
ER
PT J
AU Yanovsky, I
Lambrigtsen, B
AF Yanovsky, Igor
Lambrigtsen, Bjorn
GP IEEE
TI TEMPORAL RESOLUTION ENHANCEMENT OF IMAGE SEQUENCES CAPTURING EVOLVING
WEATHER PHENOMENA
SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of
the Environment (MicroRad)
CY APR 11-14, 2016
CL Espoo, FINLAND
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ
DE Inverse problems; microwave imaging; remote sensing; resolution
enhancement; temporal resolution
ID ALGORITHMS; RADIOMETER
AB In this paper, we develop an approach for temporal resolution enhancement of blurry and distorted image sequences capturing evolving weather phenomena. We first enhance the spatial resolution of a sequence of images using an efficient deconvolution method which we showed to reduce image ringing, blurring, and distortion, while sharpening the image and preserving information content. Such methodology is based on current research in sparse optimization and compressed sensing, which lead to unprecedented efficiencies for solving image reconstruction problems. We then consider the evolving sequence to be embedded in a deformable medium, and enhance temporal resolution of a sequence using nonlinear viscous fluid registration model. The physical continuum equation is solved using an efficient multigrid full approximation scheme.
C1 [Yanovsky, Igor; Lambrigtsen, Bjorn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Yanovsky, Igor] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Yanovsky, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.; Yanovsky, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-5090-2951-8
PY 2016
BP 155
EP 160
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing
GA BF5QG
UT WOS:000382491900034
ER
PT J
AU De Amici, G
Piepmeier, J
Peng, JZ
AF De Amici, Giovanni
Piepmeier, Jeffrey
Peng, Jinzheng
GP IEEE
TI Geolocation Results for the SMAP Passive Instrument
SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of
the Environment (MicroRad)
CY APR 11-14, 2016
CL Espoo, FINLAND
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ
DE microwave radiometer; geolocation
ID SENSOR; ERRORS
AB We present an assessment of the accuracy of the geolocation of the SMAP (Soil Moisture Active and Passive) passive instrument, based on the first year of on-orbit operation. The accuracy of the geolocation is determined from analysis of the temperature (both antenna and brightness) recorded by the radiometer, and correlation of any temperature change against geophysical features with high radiometric contrast (coastlines). It is shown that the radiometer meets the project's requirement (4 km uncertainty) for geolocation accuracy with excellent margins.
C1 [De Amici, Giovanni; Piepmeier, Jeffrey] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Peng, Jinzheng] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA.
RP De Amici, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Giovanni.deamici@nasa.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-5090-2951-8
PY 2016
BP 181
EP 185
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing
GA BF5QG
UT WOS:000382491900039
ER
PT J
AU Twohy, CH
McMeeking, GR
DeMott, PJ
McCluskey, CS
Hill, TCJ
Burrows, SM
Kulkarni, GR
Tanarhte, M
Kafle, DN
Toohey, DW
AF Twohy, Cynthia H.
McMeeking, Gavin R.
DeMott, Paul J.
McCluskey, Christina S.
Hill, Thomas C. J.
Burrows, Susannah M.
Kulkarni, Gourihar R.
Tanarhte, Meryem
Kafle, Durga N.
Toohey, Darin W.
TI Abundance of fluorescent biological aerosol particles at temperatures
conducive to the formation of mixed-phase and cirrus clouds
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NUCLEATION-ACTIVE BACTERIA; ATMOSPHERIC ICE NUCLEI; SUBMODEL SYSTEM
MESSY; TECHNICAL NOTE; DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEMS; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE; AIRBORNE
BACTERIA; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; OPTICAL DEPTH; CLIMATE MODEL
AB Some types of biological particles are known to nucleate ice at warmer temperatures than mineral dust, with the potential to influence cloud microphysical properties and climate. However, the prevalence of these particle types above the atmospheric boundary layer is not well known. Many types of biological particles fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet light, and the Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor takes advantage of this characteristic to perform real-time measurements of fluorescent biological aerosol particles (FBAPs). This instrument was flown on the National Center for Atmospheric Research Gulfstream V aircraft to measure concentrations of fluorescent biological particles from different potential sources and at various altitudes over the US western plains in early autumn. Clear-air number concentrations of FBAPs between 0.8 and 12 mu m diameter usually decreased with height and generally were about 10-100 L-1 in the continental boundary layer but always much lower at temperatures colder than 255K in the free troposphere. At intermediate temperatures where biological ice-nucleating particles may influence mixed-phase cloud formation (255K <= T <= 270 K), concentrations of fluorescent particles were the most variable and were occasionally near boundary-layer concentrations. Predicted vertical distributions of ice-nucleating particle concentrations based on FBAP measurements in this temperature regime sometimes reached typical concentrations of primary ice in clouds but were often much lower. If convection was assumed to lift boundary-layer FBAPs without losses to the free troposphere, better agreement between predicted ice-nucleating particle concentrations and typical ice crystal concentrations was achieved. Ice-nucleating particle concentrations were also measured during one flight and showed a decrease with height, and concentrations were consistent with a relationship to FBAPs established previously at the forested surface site below. The vertical distributions of FBAPs measured on five flights were also compared with those for bacteria, fungal spores, and pollen predicted from the EMAC global chemistry-climate model for the same geographic region.
C1 [Twohy, Cynthia H.] Northwest Res Associates, Redmond, WA 98052 USA.
[McMeeking, Gavin R.] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[DeMott, Paul J.; McCluskey, Christina S.; Hill, Thomas C. J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Burrows, Susannah M.; Kulkarni, Gourihar R.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
[Tanarhte, Meryem] Max Planck Inst Chem, Atmospher Chem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Kafle, Durga N.] NASA, GSFC, ADNET Syst, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Toohey, Darin W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[McMeeking, Gavin R.] Handix Sci, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
RP Twohy, CH (reprint author), Northwest Res Associates, Redmond, WA 98052 USA.
EM twohy@nwra.com
RI Burrows, Susannah/A-7429-2011
OI Burrows, Susannah/0000-0002-0745-7252
FU US National Science Foundation [AGS-1408028, AGS-1358495, AGS-1036028,
AGS-1104642]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, BER program,
at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); US DOE [DE-AC05-76RL0
1830]
FX This material was based on work supported by the US National Science
Foundation under award numbers AGS-1408028 (Cynthia H. Twohy),
AGS-1358495 and AGS-1036028 (Paul J. DeMott and Thomas C. J. Hill), and
AGS-1104642 (Darin W. Toohey). Gourihar R. Kulkarni and Susannah M.
Burrows were supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of
Science, BER program, at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL).
PNNL is operated by the US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under
contract DE-AC05-76RL0 1830. James Anderson of Arizona State analyzed
and provided preliminary interpretation of particle types via SEM. Greg
Kok and Gary Granger of Droplet Measurement Technologies helped with
modifications to the WIBS-4A. We thank Errol Korn, Gordon Maclean, and
Kyle Holden for technical expertise, Jeff Stith for organizing the IDEAS
field program, and the rest of the Research Aviation Facility staff for
implementing it so skillfully. Frank Drewnick of the Max Planck
Institute for Chemistry suggested changes to the Particle Loss
Calculator program for airborne operations and Yiannis Proestos of The
Cyprus Institute helped with model setup. We also acknowledge the US
Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program
and the scientists involved in providing the Southern Great Plains site
MFRSR and SONDE data used in Fig. 1.
NR 92
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 11
U2 11
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 13
BP 8205
EP 8225
DI 10.5194/acp-16-8205-2016
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DS9GQ
UT WOS:000381091400010
ER
PT J
AU Dowsett, H
Dolan, A
Rowley, D
Moucha, R
Forte, AM
Mitrovica, JX
Pound, M
Salzmann, U
Robinson, M
Chandler, M
Foley, K
Haywood, A
AF Dowsett, Harry
Dolan, Aisling
Rowley, David
Moucha, Robert
Forte, Alessandro M.
Mitrovica, Jerry X.
Pound, Matthew
Salzmann, Ulrich
Robinson, Marci
Chandler, Mark
Foley, Kevin
Haywood, Alan
TI The PRISM4 (mid-Piacenzian) paleoenvironmental reconstruction
SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST
LA English
DT Article
ID ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET; PLIOCENE WARM PERIOD; MODEL INTERCOMPARISON
PROJECT; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; PLIOMIP EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; DYNAMIC
TOPOGRAPHY CHANGE; BERING STRAIT; ARCTIC-OCEAN; INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW;
CLIMATE VARIABILITY
AB The mid-Piacenzian is known as a period of relative warmth when compared to the present day. A comprehensive understanding of conditions during the Piacenzian serves as both a conceptual model and a source for boundary conditions as well as means of verification of global climate model experiments. In this paper we present the PRISM4 reconstruction, a paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the mid-Piacenzian (similar to 3 Ma) containing data for paleogeography, land and sea ice, sea-surface temperature, vegetation, soils, and lakes. Our retrodicted paleogeography takes into account glacial isostatic adjustments and changes in dynamic topography. Soils and lakes, both significant as land surface features, are introduced to the PRISM reconstruction for the first time. Sea-surface temperature and vegetation reconstructions are unchanged but now have confidence assessments. The PRISM4 reconstruction is being used as boundary condition data for the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) experiments.
C1 [Dowsett, Harry; Robinson, Marci; Foley, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Dolan, Aisling; Haywood, Alan] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Rowley, David] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Moucha, Robert] Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
[Forte, Alessandro M.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Forte, Alessandro M.] Univ Quebec, GEOTOP, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
[Mitrovica, Jerry X.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Pound, Matthew; Salzmann, Ulrich] Northumbria Univ, Fac Engn & Environm, Dept Geog, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England.
[Chandler, Mark] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA.
[Chandler, Mark] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
RP Dowsett, H (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM hdowsett@usgs.gov
OI Rowley, David/0000-0001-9767-9029
FU US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and
Development Program; European Research Council under the European Union
[278636]; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/I016287/1];
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research's Earth System Evolution
Program; NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program (NASA grant)
[NNX14AB99A]; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA
Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center;
EPSRC
FX Harry Dowsett, Marci Robinson, and Kevin Foley are supported by the US
Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development
Program. Aisling Dolan and Alan Haywood acknowledge that this research
was completed in receipt of funding from the European Research Council
under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme
(FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 278636. Ulrich Salzmann, Alan
Haywood, and Matthew Pound acknowledge funding received from the Natural
Environment Research Council (NERC grant NE/I016287/1). David Rowley,
Alessandro M. Forte, Jerry X. Mitrovica, and Robert Moucha acknowledge
support from the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research's Earth System
Evolution Program. Alessandro M. Forte also thanks the Natural Sciences
and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Mark Chandler is supported
by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program (NASA grant
NNX14AB99A) and the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the
NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight
Center. We thank Daniel Hill, Stephen Hunter, Linda Sohl, and Adam
Bloemers for helpful input and Robert Schmunk for the Panoply
visualization software. Harry Dowsett, Aisling Dolan, Alan Haywood,
Ulrich Salzmann, and Matthew Pound also thank the EPSRC-supported Past
Earth Network. This research used samples and/or data provided by the
International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP), Ocean Drilling Program
(ODP), and Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP).
NR 146
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 11
U2 11
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1814-9324
EI 1814-9332
J9 CLIM PAST
JI Clim. Past.
PY 2016
VL 12
IS 7
BP 1519
EP 1538
DI 10.5194/cp-12-1519-2016
PG 20
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DT1XJ
UT WOS:000381275100003
ER
PT J
AU Scambos, T
Shuman, C
AF Scambos, T.
Shuman, C.
TI Comment on 'Mass gains of the Antarctic ice sheet exceed losses' by H.
J. Zwally and others
SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
ID GLACIAL-ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT; SUBGLACIAL LAKE VOSTOK; EAST ANTARCTICA;
GNSS OBSERVATIONS; GRACE; BALANCE; GREENLAND; UNCERTAINTIES; ELEVATION;
LAND
C1 [Scambos, T.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Shuman, C.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Shuman, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Scambos, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM teds@nsidc.org
NR 37
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 2
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 0022-1430
EI 1727-5652
J9 J GLACIOL
JI J. Glaciol.
PY 2016
VL 62
IS 233
BP 599
EP 603
DI 10.1017/jog.2016.59
PG 5
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA DT4LK
UT WOS:000381452400014
ER
PT S
AU Chao, TH
Lu, T
Davis, SR
Anderson, MH
AF Chao, Tien-Hsin
Lu, Thomas
Davis, Scott R.
Anderson, Michael H.
BE Casasent, D
Alam, MS
TI Chip Scale Broadly Tunable Laser for Laser Spectrometer
SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXVII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XXVII
CY APR 20-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Broadly Tunable Laser; Laser Spectrometer; Gas Sensing
AB We are developing an innovative Tunable Laser Spectrometer (TLS) that is compact, broad tuning range (> 200 nm) enabled by an innovative chip-scale (a waveguide based architecture), non-mechanical (voltage-controlled tuning), Waveguide External-cavity Semiconductor Laser (WECSL). This WECSL based TLS, with broad tuning range, will enable the simultaneous measurement of multiple gases abundances in Martian and other planetary atmospheres, adsorbed to soil; and bound to rocks. This monolithic, robust, integrated-optic Tunable Laser Absorption Spectrometer (TLS) will operate in the near infrared and infrared spectral bands. The system architecture, principles of operation and applications of the TLS will be reported in this paper.
C1 [Chao, Tien-Hsin; Lu, Thomas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Davis, Scott R.; Anderson, Michael H.] Vescent Photon Inc, Golden, CA USA.
RP Chao, TH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0086-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9845
AR 98450M
DI 10.1117/12.2229893
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BF4UB
UT WOS:000381709400018
ER
PT S
AU Lu, T
Chao, TH
Chen, K
Luong, A
Dewees, M
Yan, XY
Chow, E
Torres, G
AF Lu, Thomas
Chao, Tien-Hsin
Chen, Kang (Frank)
Luong, Andrew
Dewees, Mallory
Yan, Xinyi
Chow, Edward
Torres, Gilbert
BE Casasent, D
Alam, MS
TI Cross-correlation and image alignment for multi-band IR sensors
SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXVII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XXVII
CY APR 20-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Multi-band IR images; cross-correlation; image processing; feature
extraction; Wavelets
AB We present the development of a cross-correlation algorithm for correlating objects in the long wave, mid wave and short wave Infrared sensor arrays. The goal is to align the images in the multi sensor suite by correlating multiple key features in the images. Due to the wavelength differences, the object appears very differently in the sensor images even the sensors focus on the same object In order to perform accurate correlation of the same object in the multi-band images, we perform image processing on the images so that the features of the object become similar to each other. Fourier domain band pass filters are used to enhance the images. Mexican Hat and Gaussian Derivative Wavelets are used to further enhance the features of the object. A Python based QT graphical user interface has been implemented to carry out the process. We show reliable results of the cross-correlation of the objects in multiple band videos.
C1 [Lu, Thomas; Chao, Tien-Hsin; Chow, Edward] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Chen, Kang (Frank)] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Luong, Andrew] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.
[Dewees, Mallory] Saddleback Coll, Mission Viejo, CA USA.
[Yan, Xinyi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Torres, Gilbert] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Point Mugu Nawc, CA USA.
RP Lu, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM Thomas.t.lu@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0086-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9845
AR 984505
DI 10.1117/12.2224694
PG 12
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BF4UB
UT WOS:000381709400003
ER
PT S
AU Prasad, NS
Tracy, A
Vetorino, S
Higgins, R
Sibell, R
AF Prasad, Narasimha S.
Tracy, Allen
Vetorino, Steve
Higgins, Richard
Sibell, Russ
BE Soskind, YG
Olson, C
TI Innovative Fiber-Laser Architecture-Based Compact Wind Lidar
SO PHOTONIC INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING III
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Photonic Instrumentation Engineering III
CY FEB 17-18, 2016
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Coherent wind lidar; Wake vortex; 3D hemispherical scanner; fiber seed
laser; fiber amplifier
AB This paper describes an innovative, compact and eyesafe coherent lidar system developed for use in wind and wake vortex sensing applications. This advanced lidar system is field ruggedized with reduced size, weight, and power consumption (SWaP) configured based on an all-fiber and modular architecture. The all-fiber architecture is developed using a fiber seed laser that is coupled to uniquely configured fiber amplifier modules and associated photonic elements including an integrated 3D scanner. The scanner provides user programmable continuous 360 degree azimuth and 180 degree elevation scan angles. The system architecture eliminates free-space beam alignment issues and allows plug and play operation using graphical user interface software modules. Besides its all fiber architecture, the lidar system also provides pulsewidth agility to aid in improving range resolution. Operating at 1.54 microns and with a PRF of up to 20 KHz, the wind lidar is air cooled with overall dimensions of 30 '' x 46 '' x 60 '' and is designed as a Class 1 system. This lidar is capable of measuring wind velocities greater than 120 +/- 0.2 m/s over ranges greater than 10 km and with a range resolution of less than 15 m. This compact and modular system is anticipated to provide mobility, reliability, and ease of field deployment for wind and wake vortex measurements. The current lidar architecture is amenable for trace gas sensing and as such it is being evolved for airborne and space based platforms. In this paper, the key features of wind lidar instrumentation and its functionality are discussed followed by results of recent wind forecast measurements on a wind farm.
C1 [Prasad, Narasimha S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 5 N Dryden St,MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Tracy, Allen; Vetorino, Steve; Higgins, Richard; Sibell, Russ] Sibelloptics, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
RP Prasad, NS (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 5 N Dryden St,MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM narasimha.s.prasad@nasa.gov
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-62841-989-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9754
AR 97540J
DI 10.1117/12.2218226
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation;
Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics
GA BF4TT
UT WOS:000381696100015
ER
PT S
AU Haddad, ZS
Sawaya, RS
Kacimi, S
Sy, OO
Steward, JL
AF Haddad, Ziad S.
Sawaya, Randy S.
Kacimi, Sahra
Sy, Ousmane O.
Steward, Jeffrey L.
BE Krishnamurti, TN
Rajeevan, MN
TI Quantifying and monitoring convection intensity from mm-wave sounder
observations
SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, OCEANS, AND INTERACTIONS
VI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Atmosphere, Oceans, and
Interactions VI
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
DE millimeter radiometer; convection; weather forecasting; climate modeling
ID PRECIPITATION; PARAMETERIZATION; MODEL
AB Few systematic attempts to interpret the measurements of mm-wave radiometers over clouds and precipitation have been made to date because the scattering signatures of hydrometeors at these frequencies are very difficult to model. The few algorithms that have been developed try to retrieve surface precipitation, to which the observations are partially correlated but not directly sensitive. In fact, over deep clouds, mm-wave radiometers are most sensitive to the scattering from solid hydrometeors within the upper levels of the cloud. In addition, mm-wave radiometers have a definite advantage over the lower-frequency window-channel radiometers in that they have finer resolution and can therefore explicitly resolve deep convection. Preliminary analyses (in particular of NOAA's MHS brightness temperatures, as well as Megha-Tropiques's SAPHIR observations) indicate that the measurements are indeed very sensitive to the depth and intensity of convection. The challenge is to derive a robust approach to make quantitative estimates of the convection, for example the height and depth of the condensed water, directly from the mm-wave observations, as a function of horizontal location. To avoid having to rely on a specific set of microphysical assumptions, this analysis exploits the substantial amount of nearly simultaneous coincident observations by mm-wave radiometers and orbiting atmospheric profiling radars in order to enforce unbiased consistency between the calculated brightness temperatures and the radar and radiometer observations.
C1 [Haddad, Ziad S.; Sawaya, Randy S.; Kacimi, Sahra; Sy, Ousmane O.; Steward, Jeffrey L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Haddad, ZS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM zsh@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0123-9
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9882
AR 98820M
DI 10.1117/12.2228186
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BF4TP
UT WOS:000381693500012
ER
PT S
AU Asanuma, H
Su, J
Shahinpoor, M
Felli, F
Paolozzi, A
Nejhad, M
Hihara, L
Aimmanee, S
Furuya, Y
Adachi, K
Yanaseko, T
AF Asanuma, H.
Su, J.
Shahinpoor, M.
Felli, F.
Paolozzi, A.
Nejhad, M.
Hihara, L.
Aimmanee, S.
Furuya, Y.
Adachi, K.
Yanaseko, T.
BE Lynch, JP
TI Disaster mitigation based on smart structures/materials
SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND
AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2016
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil,
Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems
CY MAR 21-24, 2016
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP SPIE, Polytec Inc, OZ Opt Ltd, APS Dynam Inc, TA Electroforce Corp, ElectroForce Syst Grp, Inst Phys, American Elements
DE disaster; tsunami; flooding; sustainability; deployable structure;
energy harvesting; daily use
AB The concept "Disaster Mitigation and Sustainable Engineering" is introduced comprehensively and several examples are shown in this paper. It is emphasized that it can be effectively realized in the field "smart materials and structural systems." As serious disasters may not occur for a long period of time, and the structures for disaster mitigation suffer from vast amount of maintenance cost etc., they are better to be used daily. Their compactness and deploying function are also very useful. In order to demonstrate the concept, two examples having been experimentally tried are introduced, that is, artificial forests and deployable structure based on honeycomb to be used against flooding. Other examples and products in the world are also introduced and future directions are discussed.
C1 [Asanuma, H.; Yanaseko, T.] Chiba Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1-33 Yayoicho, Chiba 2638522, Japan.
[Su, J.] NASA, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA.
[Shahinpoor, M.] Univ Maine, Dept Mech Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
[Felli, F.] Sapienza Univ, Dept Chem Engn Mat & Environm, Via Eudossiana 18, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
[Paolozzi, A.] Sapienza Univ Rome, Sch Aerosp Engn, Via Salaria 851, I-00138 Rome, Italy.
[Paolozzi, A.] Ctr Fermi, Via Panisperna 89, Rome, Italy.
[Nejhad, M.; Hihara, L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mech Engn, 2540 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Aimmanee, S.] King Mongkuts Univ Technol Thonburi, Dept Mech Engn, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
[Furuya, Y.] Hirosaki Univ, North Japan Res Inst Sustainable Energy, 2-1-3 Matsubara, Aomori 0300813, Japan.
[Adachi, K.] Chubu Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1200 Matsumotocho, Kasugai, Aichi 4878501, Japan.
RP Asanuma, H (reprint author), Chiba Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1-33 Yayoicho, Chiba 2638522, Japan.
EM asanuma@faculty.chiba-u.jp
NR 25
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0044-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9803
AR UNSP 980302
DI 10.1117/12.2222153
PG 12
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BF5NR
UT WOS:000382319400001
ER
PT S
AU Banks, CE
Wang, G
AF Banks, Curtis E.
Wang, Gang
BE Lynch, JP
TI Experimental Investigation on Acousto-ultrasonic Sensing Using
Polarization-maintaining Fiber Bragg Gratings
SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND
AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2016
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil,
Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems
CY MAR 21-24, 2016
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP SPIE, Polytec Inc, OZ Opt Ltd, APS Dynam Inc, TA Electroforce Corp, ElectroForce Syst Grp, Inst Phys, American Elements
ID WAVE INSPECTION; LAMB WAVES; SENSOR
AB This report discusses the guided Lamb wave sensing using polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber Bragg grating (PM-FBG) sensor. The goal is to apply the PM-FBG sensor system to composite structural health monitoring (SHM) applications in order to realize directivity and multi-axis strain sensing capabilities while reducing the number of sensors. Comprehensive experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the PM-FBG sensor attached to a composite panel structure under different actuation frequencies and locations. Three Macro-Fiber-Composite (MFC) piezoelectric actuators were used to generate guided Lamb waves that were oriented at 0, 45, and 90 degrees with respect to PM-FBG axial direction, respectively. The actuation frequency was varied from 20 kHz to 200 kHz. It was shown that the PM-FBG sensor system was able to detect high-speed ultrasound waves and capture the characteristics under different actuation conditions. Both longitudinal and lateral strain components in the order of nano-strain were determined based on the reflective intensity measurement data from fast and slow axis of the PM fiber. It must be emphasized that this is the first attempt to investigate acouto-ultrasonic sensing using PM-FBG sensor. This could lead to a new sensing approach in the SHM applications.
C1 [Banks, Curtis E.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA.
[Wang, Gang] Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
RP Wang, G (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
EM gang.wang@uah.edu
NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0044-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9803
AR UNSP 98033R
DI 10.1117/12.2218379
PG 7
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BF5NR
UT WOS:000382319400106
ER
PT S
AU Bao, XQ
Sherrit, S
Takano, N
AF Bao, Xiaoqi
Sherrit, Stewart
Takano, Nobuyuki
BE Lynch, JP
TI High-pressure sensor using piezoelectric bending resonators
SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND
AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2016
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil,
Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems
CY MAR 21-24, 2016
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP SPIE, Polytec Inc, OZ Opt Ltd, APS Dynam Inc, TA Electroforce Corp, ElectroForce Syst Grp, Inst Phys, American Elements
DE piezoelectric; pressure sensor; down-hole oil wells; passive; remotely
readable
AB A novel design of pressure sensor based on piezoelectric bending resonator is described in this paper. The resonator is isolated from and mechanically coupled to the surrounding fluid using a sealed enclosure. The pressure applied to the enclosure induces a compressive stress to the resonator and reduces its resonance frequency. In principle the mechanism allows for achieving large resonance frequency shifts close to 100% of the resonance frequency. A high-pressure sensor based on the mechanism was designed for down-hole pressure monitoring in oil wells. The sensor is potentially remotely-readable via the transmission of an electromagnetic signal down a waveguide formed by the pipes in the oil well. The details of the pressure sensor design and verification by FE analysis and initial test results of a preliminary prototype are presented in this paper.
C1 [Bao, Xiaoqi; Sherrit, Stewart; Takano, Nobuyuki] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Bao, XQ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM xbao@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0044-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9803
AR UNSP 98032O
DI 10.1117/12.2218583
PG 9
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BF5NR
UT WOS:000382319400074
ER
PT S
AU Kim, T
Saini, A
Kim, J
Gopalarathnam, A
Zhu, Y
Palmieri, FL
Wohl, CJ
Jiang, XN
AF Kim, Taeyang
Saini, Aditya
Kim, Jinwook
Gopalarathnam, Ashok
Zhu, Yong
Palmieri, Frank L.
Wohl, Christopher J.
Jiang, Xiaoning
BE Lynch, JP
TI A piezoelectric shear stress sensor
SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND
AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2016
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil,
Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems
CY MAR 21-24, 2016
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP SPIE, Polytec Inc, OZ Opt Ltd, APS Dynam Inc, TA Electroforce Corp, ElectroForce Syst Grp, Inst Phys, American Elements
DE PMN-33% PT crystal; bimorph piezoelectric structures; floating element;
electromechanical symmetry
ID FRICTION BALANCE MEASUREMENTS; ELEMENT; FLOW
AB In this paper, a piezoelectric sensor with a floating element was developed for shear stress measurement. The piezoelectric sensor was designed to detect the pure shear stress, suppressing effects of normal stress components, by applying opposite poling vectors to the piezoelectric elements. The sensor was first calibrated in the lab by applying shear forces where it demonstrated high sensitivity to shear stress (91.3 +/- 2.1 pC/Pa) due to the high piezoelectric coefficients of 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3) O3-0.33PbTiO(3) (PMN-33% PT, d(31)=-1330 pC/N). The sensor also exhibited negligible sensitivity to normal stress (less than 1.2 pC/Pa) because of the electromechanical symmetry of the device. The usable frequency range of the sensor is up to 800 Hz.
C1 [Kim, Taeyang; Saini, Aditya; Kim, Jinwook; Gopalarathnam, Ashok; Zhu, Yong; Jiang, Xiaoning] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 911 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Palmieri, Frank L.; Wohl, Christopher J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 8 Lindbergh Way, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Jiang, XN (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 911 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM xjiang5@ncsu.edu
RI Kim, Jinwook/L-3135-2015
OI Kim, Jinwook/0000-0002-2072-3922
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 10
U2 10
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0044-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9803
AR UNSP 98032S
DI 10.1117/12.2219185
PG 7
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BF5NR
UT WOS:000382319400078
ER
PT S
AU Sherrit, S
Noell, AC
Fisher, AM
Takano, N
Grunthaner, F
AF Sherrit, Stewart
Noell, Aaron C.
Fisher, Anita M.
Takano, Nobuyuki
Grunthaner, Frank
BE Lynch, JP
TI Micro Acoustic Resonant Chambers for Heating/Agitating/Mixing (MARCHAM)
SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND
AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2016
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil,
Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems
CY MAR 21-24, 2016
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP SPIE, Polytec Inc, OZ Opt Ltd, APS Dynam Inc, TA Electroforce Corp, ElectroForce Syst Grp, Inst Phys, American Elements
DE Piezoelectric vibration; heating; fluid particle interaction;
Subcritical water extraction
ID PRESSURIZED LIQUID EXTRACTION; SUBCRITICAL WATER EXTRACTION;
SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; PARTICLE MANIPULATION; SOXHLET
EXTRACTION; SOIL; OIL
AB A variety of applications require the mixing and/or heating of a slurry made from a powder/fluid mixture. One of these applications, Sub Critical Water Extraction (SCWE), is a process where water and an environmental powder sample (sieved soil, drill cuttings, etc.) are heated in a sealed chamber to temperatures greater than 200 degrees Celsius by allowing the pressure to increase, but without reaching the critical point of water. At these temperatures, the ability of water to extract organics from solid particulate increases drastically. This paper describes the modeling and experimentation on the use of an acoustic resonant chamber which is part of an amino acid detection instrument called Astrobionibbler [Noell et al. 2014, 2015]. In this instrument we use acoustics to excite a fluid- solid fines mixture in different frequency/amplitude regimes to accomplish a variety of sample processing tasks. Driving the acoustic resonant chamber at lower frequencies can create circulation patterns in the fluid and mixes the liquid and fines, while driving the chamber at higher frequencies one can agitate the fluid and powder and create a suspension. If one then drives the chamber at high amplitude at resonance heating of the slurry occurs. In the mixing and agitating cell the particle levitation force depends on the relative densities and compressibility's of the particulate and fluid and on the kinetic and potential energy densities associated with the velocity and pressure fields [Glynne-Jones, Boltryk and Hill 2012] in the cell. When heating, the piezoelectric transducer and chamber is driven at high power in resonance where the solid/fines region is modelled as an acoustic transmission line with a large loss component. In this regime, heat is pumped into the solution/fines mixture and rapidly heats the sample. We have modeled the piezoelectric transducer/chamber/ sample using Mason's equivalent circuit. In order to assess the validity of the model we have built and tested a variety of chambers. This paper describes the experimental results which are in general agreement with theory within the limitations of the modeling.
C1 [Sherrit, Stewart; Noell, Aaron C.; Fisher, Anita M.; Takano, Nobuyuki; Grunthaner, Frank] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Sherrit, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0044-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9803
AR UNSP 980338
DI 10.1117/12.2219230
PG 12
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BF5NR
UT WOS:000382319400090
ER
PT J
AU Yasunari, TJ
Lau, KM
Mahanama, SPP
Colarco, PR
da Silva, AM
Aoki, T
Aoki, K
Murao, N
Yamagata, S
Kodama, Y
AF Yasunari, Teppei J.
Lau, K. -M.
Mahanama, Sarith P. P.
Colarco, Peter R.
da Silva, Arlindo M.
Aoki, Teruo
Aoki, Kazuma
Murao, Naoto
Yamagata, Sadamu
Kodama, Yuji
TI The GOddard SnoW Impurity Module (GOSWIM) for the NASA GEOS-5 Earth
System Model: Preliminary Comparisons with Observations in Sapporo,
Japan (vol 12, pg c1, 2016)
SO SOLA
LA English
DT Correction
ID IMPACT; DUST
C1 [Yasunari, Teppei J.; Murao, Naoto; Yamagata, Sadamu] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
[Lau, K. -M.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Lau, K. -M.; Mahanama, Sarith P. P.; Colarco, Peter R.; da Silva, Arlindo M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Mahanama, Sarith P. P.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Aoki, Teruo] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Aoki, Kazuma] Toyama Univ, Fac Sci, Toyama, Japan.
[Kodama, Yuji] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan.
RP Yasunari, TJ (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Fac Engn, Kita Ku, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan.
EM t.j.yasunari@eng.hokudai.ac.jp
RI Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012; Yasunari, Teppei/E-5374-2010
OI Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662; Yasunari, Teppei/0000-0002-9896-9404
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN
PI TOKYO
PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO,
100-0004, JAPAN
SN 1349-6476
J9 SOLA
JI SOLA
PY 2016
VL 12
BP E1
EP E1
DI 10.2151/sola.2016-014
PG 1
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DT4DH
UT WOS:000381429800001
ER
PT S
AU Derkevorkian, A
Peterson, L
Kolaini, AR
Hendricks, TJ
Nesmith, BJ
AF Derkevorkian, Armen
Peterson, Lee
Kolaini, Ali R.
Hendricks, Terry J.
Nesmith, Bill J.
BE DiMiao, D
Tarazaga, P
Castellini, P
TI Development of Multi-Physics Dynamics Models for High-Frequency
Large-Amplitude Structural Response Simulation
SO SPECIAL TOPICS IN STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOL 6, 34TH IMAC
SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 34th IMAC Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics
CY JAN 25-28, 2016
CL Orlando, FL
SP Soc Experimental Mech
DE Computational modeling; Nonlinear dynamics; Shock waves; Multi-physics
simulation; Parallel computing
ID UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITE LAMINATE; CONCENTRATED SURFACE LOADS;
FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; ELASTODYNAMIC RESPONSE; PLATES; BEAMS
AB An analytic approach is demonstrated to reveal potential pyroshock-driven dynamic effects causing temporary power losses in the Thermo-Electric (TE) module bars of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG). This study utilizes high-fidelity finite element analysis with SIERRA/PRESTO codes to estimate wave propagation effects due to large-amplitude suddenly-applied pyroshock loads in the MMRTG. A high fidelity model of the TE module bar was created with similar to 30 million degrees-of-freedom (DOF). First, a quasi-static preload was applied on top of the TE module bar, then transient tri-axial displacement inputs were simultaneously applied on the preloaded module. The applied displacement inputs were derived from measured acceleration signals during MMRTG shock qualification tests performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. An explicit finite element solver in the SIERRA/PRESTO computational environment, along with a 3000 processor parallel super-computing framework at NASA-AMES, was used for the simulation. The simulation results were investigated both qualitatively and quantitatively. The predicted shock wave propagation results provide detailed structural responses throughout the TE module bar, and key insights into the dynamic response (i.e., loads, displacements, accelerations) of critical internal spring/piston compression systems, TE materials, and internal component interfaces in the MMRTG TE module bar. They also provide confidence on the viability of this high-fidelity modeling scheme to accurately predict shock wave propagation patterns within complex structures. This analytic approach is envisioned for modeling shock sensitive hardware susceptible to intense shock environments positioned near shock separation devices in modern space vehicles and systems.
C1 [Derkevorkian, Armen; Peterson, Lee; Kolaini, Ali R.; Hendricks, Terry J.; Nesmith, Bill J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Derkevorkian, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Armen.Derkevorkian@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
SN 2191-5644
BN 978-3-319-29910-5; 978-3-319-29909-9
J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH
PY 2016
BP 253
EP 258
DI 10.1007/978-3-319-29910-5_26
PG 6
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA BF5GM
UT WOS:000381977000026
ER
PT J
AU Park, J
Johnson, JT
Lowe, ST
AF Park, Jeonghwan
Johnson, Joel T.
Lowe, Stephen T.
TI A study of the electromagnetic bias for GNSS-R ocean altimetry using the
choppy wave model
SO WAVES IN RANDOM AND COMPLEX MEDIA
LA English
DT Article
ID REFLECTOMETRY; SCATTERING
AB Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) altimetry involves measuring reflections of Global Positioning System transmissions from the Earth's surface (a bistatic radar configuration.) These reflected signals carry information about the Earth's surface, including the sea surface height. The electromagnetic (EM) bias is a significant error source when measuring sea surface height with GNSS-R due to the non-symmetric properties of sea waves. Although previous studies of the EM bias have been conducted for traditional backscatter altimetry, information on the EM bias in the bistatic configurations important for GNSS-R is limited. Of particular interest is the influence of the bistatic geometry on the EM bias. This paper presents a study of the EM bias in GNSS-R altimetry. The study employs a Monte Carlo procedure with numerical nonlinear hydrodynamic simulations coupled with a physical optics method for EM scattering from the sea surface to produce a deterministic set of sea surface profiles and the corresponding GNSS-R waveforms. In this initial study, choppy wave model is used for nonlinear surface description in order to improve further the computational efficiency and one-dimension surface analysis is chosen for the simple computations. The influence of the bistatic configuration on the EM bias properties has analyzed, and it is shown that the EM bias varies approximately as a cosine function of the incident angle and that short wave effects make important contributions.
C1 [Park, Jeonghwan; Johnson, Joel T.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Park, Jeonghwan; Johnson, Joel T.] Ohio State Univ, ElectroSci Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Lowe, Stephen T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Park, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.; Park, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, ElectroSci Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM park.1558@osu.edu
FU Ohio Supercomputer Center; Jet Propulsion Laboratory [RF60038714]
FX This work was supported in part by an allocation of computing time from
the Ohio Supercomputer Center; Jet Propulsion Laboratory [RF60038714].
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1745-5030
EI 1745-5049
J9 WAVE RANDOM COMPLEX
JI Waves Random Complex Media
PY 2016
VL 26
IS 4
BP 599
EP 612
DI 10.1080/17455030.2016.1179820
PG 14
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DU7DZ
UT WOS:000382374800014
ER
PT J
AU Fioletov, VE
McLinden, CA
Cede, A
Davies, J
Mihele, C
Netcheva, S
Li, SM
O'Brien, J
AF Fioletov, Vitali E.
McLinden, Chris A.
Cede, Alexander
Davies, Jonathan
Mihele, Cristian
Netcheva, Stoyka
Li, Shao-Meng
O'Brien, Jason
TI Sulfur dioxide (SO2) vertical column density measurements by Pandora
spectrometer over the Canadian oil sands
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; AIR-POLLUTION; SURFACE MEASUREMENTS;
BREWER; OMI; NO2; SPECTROPHOTOMETERS; RETRIEVALS; DOBSON; OPERATIONS
AB Vertical column densities (VCDs) of SO2 retrieved by a Pandora spectral sun photometer at Fort McKay, Alberta, Canada, from 2013 to 2015 were analysed. The Fort McKay site is located in the Canadian oil sands region, approximately 20 km north of two major SO2 sources (upgraders), with total emission of about 45 kt yr(-1). Elevated SO2 VCD values were frequently recorded by the instrument, with the highest values of about 9 Dobson Units (DU; DU = 2.69 x 10(16) molecules cm(-2)). Comparisons with co-located in situ measurements demonstrated that there was a very good correlation between VCDs and surface concentrations in some cases, while in other cases, elevated VCDs did not correspond to high surface concentrations, suggesting the plume was above the ground. Elevated VCDs and surface concentrations were observed when the wind direction was from south to southeast, i.e. from the direction of the two local SO2 sources. The precision of the SO2 measurements, estimated from parallel measurements by two Pandora instruments at Toronto, is 0.17 DU. The total uncertainty of Pandora SO2 VCD, estimated using measurements when the wind direction was away from the sources, is less than 0.26DU (1 sigma). Comparisons with integrated SO2 profiles from concurrent aircraft measurements support these estimates.
C1 [Fioletov, Vitali E.; McLinden, Chris A.; Davies, Jonathan; Mihele, Cristian; Netcheva, Stoyka; Li, Shao-Meng; O'Brien, Jason] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Fioletov, Vitali E.; McLinden, Chris A.; Davies, Jonathan; Mihele, Cristian; Netcheva, Stoyka; Li, Shao-Meng; O'Brien, Jason] Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Cede, Alexander] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Cede, Alexander] LuftBlick, Kreith, Austria.
RP Fioletov, VE (reprint author), Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Fioletov, VE (reprint author), Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.
EM vitali.fioletov@outlook.com
FU Environment Canada's Clean Air Regulatory Agenda (CARA); NASA Earth
Science Division
FX The authors wish to thank the NRC-FRL flight crew of the Convair 580 for
making the airborne study possible. Funding for the airborne study over
the oil sands region was provided in part by Environment Canada's Clean
Air Regulatory Agenda (CARA). We acknowledge the NASA Earth Science
Division for funding of OMI SO2 product development and
analysis. The Dutch-Finnish-built OMI instrument is part of the NASA's
EOS Aura satellite payload. We thank systems engineering, instrument
calibration, and satellite integration teams for making this mission a
success. The OMI project is managed by KNMI and the Netherlands Space
Agency (NSO).
NR 54
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 6
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 7
BP 2961
EP 2976
DI 10.5194/amt-9-2961-2016
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DS9HQ
UT WOS:000381094100001
ER
PT J
AU Gasso, S
Torres, O
AF Gasso, Santiago
Torres, Omar
TI The role of cloud contamination, aerosol layer height and aerosol model
in the assessment of the OMI near-UV retrievals over the ocean
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; OPTICAL DEPTH; BLACK CARBON; SATELLITE
MEASUREMENTS; NON-SPHERICITY; ABSORPTION; MODIS; DUST; PRODUCTS;
ASSIMILATION
AB Retrievals of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 388 nm over the ocean from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) two-channel near-UV algorithm (OMAERUV) have been compared with independent AOD measurements. The analysis was carried out over the open ocean (OMI and MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) AOD comparisons) and over coastal and island sites (OMI and AERONET, the AErosol RObotic NETwork). Additionally, a research version of the retrieval algorithm (using MODIS and CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) information as constraints) was utilized to evaluate the sensitivity of the retrieval to different assumed aerosol properties.
Overall, the comparison resulted in differences (OMI minus independent measurements) within the expected levels of uncertainty for the OMI AOD retrievals (0.1 for AOD<0.3, 30% for AOD>0.3). Using examples from case studies with outliers, the reasons that led to the observed differences were examined with specific purpose to determine whether they are related to instrument limitations (i.e., pixel size, calibration) or algorithm assumptions (such as aerosol shape, aerosol height).
The analysis confirms that OMAERUV does an adequate job at rejecting cloudy scenes within the instrument's capabilities. There is a residual cloud contamination in OMI pixels with quality flag 0 (the best conditions for aerosol retrieval according to the algorithm), resulting in a bias towards high AODs in OMAERUV. This bias is more pronounced at low concentrations of absorbing aerosols (AOD 388 nm similar to <0.5). For higher aerosol loadings, the bias remains within OMI's AOD uncertainties.
In pixels where OMAERUV assigned a dust aerosol model, a fraction of them (<20 %) had retrieved AODs significantly lower than AERONET and MODIS AODs. In a case study, a detailed examination of the aerosol height from CALIOP and the AODs from MODIS, along with sensitivity tests, was carried out by varying the different assumed parameters in the retrieval (imaginary index of refraction, size distribution, aerosol height, particle shape). It was found that the spherical shape assumption for dust in the current retrieval is the main cause of the underestimate. In addition, it is demonstrated in an example how an incorrect assumption of the aerosol height can lead to an underestimate. Nevertheless, this is not as significant as the effect of particle shape. These findings will be incorporated in a future version of the retrieval algorithm.
C1 [Gasso, Santiago] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Lab, Code 613, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Torres, Omar] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Gasso, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Lab, Code 613, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM santiago.gasso@nasa.gov
FU Aura Project
FX This work was carried out under NASA funding from the Aura Project
managed by Ken Jucks. The authors wish to thank Oleg Duvobik for
providing the spheroid scattering code and Hiren Jetvha for generating
lookup tables for the calculations used in this paper.
NR 68
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 7
BP 3031
EP 3052
DI 10.5194/amt-9-3031-2016
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DS9HQ
UT WOS:000381094100005
ER
PT J
AU Warneke, C
Trainer, M
de Gouw, JA
Parrish, DD
Fahey, DW
Ravishankara, AR
Middlebrook, AM
Brock, CA
Roberts, JM
Brown, SS
Neuman, JA
Lerner, BM
Lack, D
Law, D
Hubler, G
Pollack, I
Sjostedt, S
Ryerson, TB
Gilman, JB
Liao, J
Holloway, J
Peischl, J
Nowak, JB
Aikin, KC
Min, KE
Washenfelder, RA
Graus, MG
Richardson, M
Markovic, MZ
Wagner, NL
Welti, A
Veres, PR
Edwards, P
Schwarz, JP
Gordon, T
Dube, WP
McKeen, SA
Brioude, J
Ahmadov, R
Bougiatioti, A
Lin, JJ
Nenes, A
Wolfe, GM
Hanisco, TF
Lee, BH
Lopez-Hilfiker, FD
Thornton, JA
Keutsch, FN
Kaiser, J
Mao, JQ
Hatch, CD
AF Warneke, Carsten
Trainer, Michael
de Gouw, Joost A.
Parrish, David D.
Fahey, David W.
Ravishankara, A. R.
Middlebrook, Ann M.
Brock, Charles A.
Roberts, James M.
Brown, Steven S.
Neuman, Jonathan A.
Lerner, Brian M.
Lack, Daniel
Law, Daniel
Hubler, Gerhard
Pollack, Iliana
Sjostedt, Steven
Ryerson, Thomas B.
Gilman, Jessica B.
Liao, Jin
Holloway, John
Peischl, Jeff
Nowak, John B.
Aikin, Kenneth C.
Min, Kyung-Eun
Washenfelder, Rebecca A.
Graus, Martin G.
Richardson, Mathew
Markovic, Milos Z.
Wagner, Nick L.
Welti, Andre
Veres, Patrick R.
Edwards, Peter
Schwarz, Joshua P.
Gordon, Timothy
Dube, William P.
McKeen, Stuart A.
Brioude, Jerome
Ahmadov, Ravan
Bougiatioti, Aikaterini
Lin, Jack J.
Nenes, Athanasios
Wolfe, Glenn M.
Hanisco, Thomas F.
Lee, Ben H.
Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D.
Thornton, Joel A.
Keutsch, Frank N.
Kaiser, Jennifer
Mao, Jingqiu
Hatch, Courtney D.
TI Instrumentation and measurement strategy for the NOAA SENEX aircraft
campaign as part of the Southeast Atmosphere Study 2013
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; ENHANCED ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER; VOLATILE
ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; LIGHT-SCATTERING MODULE; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY;
IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; NI-PT-CIMS; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; COMPREHENSIVE
CHARACTERIZATION; COLLECTION EFFICIENCIES
AB Natural emissions of ozone-and-aerosol-precursor gases such as isoprene and monoterpenes are high in the southeastern US. In addition, anthropogenic emissions are significant in the southeastern US and summertime photochemistry is rapid. The NOAA-led SENEX (Southeast Nexus) aircraft campaign was one of the major components of the Southeast Atmosphere Study (SAS) and was focused on studying the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions to form secondary pollutants. During SENEX, the NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted 20 research flights between 27 May and 10 July 2013 based out of Smyrna, TN.
Here we describe the experimental approach, the science goals and early results of the NOAA SENEX campaign. The aircraft, its capabilities and standard measurements are described. The instrument payload is summarized including detection limits, accuracy, precision and time resolutions for all gas-and-aerosol phase instruments. The inter-comparisons of compounds measured with multiple instruments on the NOAA WP-3D are presented and were all within the stated uncertainties, except two of the three NO2 measurements.
The SENEX flights included day-and nighttime flights in the southeastern US as well as flights over areas with intense shale gas extraction (Marcellus, Fayetteville and Haynesville shale). We present one example flight on 16 June 2013, which was a daytime flight over the Atlanta region, where several crosswind transects of plumes from the city and nearby point sources, such as power plants, paper mills and landfills, were flown. The area around Atlanta has large biogenic isoprene emissions, which provided an excellent case for studying the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions. In this example flight, chemistry in and outside the Atlanta plumes was observed for several hours after emission. The analysis of this flight showcases the strategies implemented to answer some of the main SENEX science questions.
C1 [Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Neuman, Jonathan A.; Lerner, Brian M.; Lack, Daniel; Law, Daniel; Hubler, Gerhard; Pollack, Iliana; Sjostedt, Steven; Gilman, Jessica B.; Liao, Jin; Holloway, John; Peischl, Jeff; Nowak, John B.; Aikin, Kenneth C.; Min, Kyung-Eun; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Graus, Martin G.; Richardson, Mathew; Markovic, Milos Z.; Wagner, Nick L.; Welti, Andre; Veres, Patrick R.; Edwards, Peter; Gordon, Timothy; Dube, William P.; McKeen, Stuart A.; Brioude, Jerome; Ahmadov, Ravan] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Warneke, Carsten; Trainer, Michael; de Gouw, Joost A.; Parrish, David D.; Fahey, David W.; Ravishankara, A. R.; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Brock, Charles A.; Roberts, James M.; Brown, Steven S.; Neuman, Jonathan A.; Lerner, Brian M.; Lack, Daniel; Law, Daniel; Hubler, Gerhard; Pollack, Iliana; Sjostedt, Steven; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Gilman, Jessica B.; Liao, Jin; Holloway, John; Peischl, Jeff; Nowak, John B.; Aikin, Kenneth C.; Min, Kyung-Eun; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Graus, Martin G.; Richardson, Mathew; Markovic, Milos Z.; Wagner, Nick L.; Welti, Andre; Veres, Patrick R.; Edwards, Peter; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Gordon, Timothy; Dube, William P.; McKeen, Stuart A.; Brioude, Jerome; Ahmadov, Ravan] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Bougiatioti, Aikaterini; Lin, Jack J.; Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Wolfe, Glenn M.; Hanisco, Thomas F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Lee, Ben H.; Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D.; Thornton, Joel A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Keutsch, Frank N.; Kaiser, Jennifer] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
[Mao, Jingqiu] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Hatch, Courtney D.] Hendrix Coll, Dept Chem, 1600 Washington Ave, Conway, AR USA.
[Wolfe, Glenn M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Mao, Jingqiu] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Nenes, Athanasios] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Athens, Greece.
[Nenes, Athanasios] Natl Observ Athens, Athens, Greece.
[Ravishankara, A. R.; Pollack, Iliana] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Nowak, John B.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA.
[Min, Kyung-Eun] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Gwangju, South Korea.
[Graus, Martin G.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Atmospher & Cryospher Sci, Innsbruck, Austria.
[Markovic, Milos Z.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Proc Res Sect, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Welti, Andre] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany.
[Edwards, Peter] Univ York, York, N Yorkshire, England.
[Keutsch, Frank N.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Thornton, Joel A.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland.
[Kaiser, Jennifer] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Warneke, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Warneke, C (reprint author), NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
EM carsten.warneke@noaa.gov
RI Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Mao,
Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Parrish,
David/E-8957-2010; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013;
Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Ahmadov,
Ravan/F-2036-2011; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; de Gouw,
Joost/A-9675-2008; Edwards, Peter/H-5236-2013; Roberts,
James/A-1082-2009; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Aikin,
Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Thornton,
Joel/C-1142-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015;
OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751;
Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724;
Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727;
Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071;
de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Edwards, Peter/0000-0002-1076-6793;
Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Washenfelder,
Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304;
Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; Lin, Jack Jie/0000-0002-4453-1263;
Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807
FU US Weather Research Program within NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air
Quality; US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program [83540601];
NOAA OGP; EPA STAR; NASA ESSF grant [NNX14AK97H]
FX The US Weather Research Program within NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and
Air Quality supported S. McKeen and R. Ahmadov. We are grateful M. Dumas
(NOAA Holling' s Scholar), D. Hughes, and A. Jaksich from Hendrix
College for their help with the iWAS2 measurements. Participation of
ISAF was enabled by US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program
grant 83540601. A. Bougiatioti, J. J. Lin, A. Nenes, and J. Kaiser.
acknowledge support from NOAA OGP and EPA STAR. JK acknowledges support
from NASA ESSF grant NNX14AK97H.
NR 105
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Z9 4
U1 16
U2 17
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 7
BP 3063
EP 3093
DI 10.5194/amt-9-3063-2016
PG 31
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DS9HQ
UT WOS:000381094100007
ER
PT J
AU Kuai, L
Worden, JR
Li, KF
Hulley, GC
Hopkins, FM
Miller, CE
Hook, SJ
Duren, RM
Aubrey, AD
AF Kuai, Le
Worden, John R.
Li, King-Fai
Hulley, Glynn C.
Hopkins, Francesca M.
Miller, Charles E.
Hook, Simon J.
Duren, Riley M.
Aubrey, Andrew D.
TI Characterization of anthropogenic methane plumes with the Hyperspectral
Thermal Emission Spectrometer (HyTES): a retrieval method and error
analysis
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID LOS-ANGELES; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; QUANTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE;
CALIFORNIA; RESOLUTION; MODEL; CH4
AB We introduce a retrieval algorithm to estimate lower tropospheric methane (CH4) concentrations from the surface to 1 km with uncertainty estimates using Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (HyTES) airborne radiance measurements. After resampling, retrievals have a spatial resolution of 6 x 6 m(2). The total error from a single retrieval is approximately 20 %, with the uncertainties determined primarily by noise and spectral interferences from air temperature, surface emissivity, and atmospheric water vapor. We demonstrate retrievals for a HyTES flight line over storage tanks near Kern River Oil Field (KROF), Kern County, California, and find an extended plume structure in the set of observations with elevated methane concentrations (3.0 +/- 0.6 to 6.0 +/- 1.2 ppm), well above mean concentrations (1.8 +/- 0.4 ppm) observed for this scene. With typically a 20% estimated uncertainty, plume enhancements with more than 1 ppm are distinguishable from the background values with its uncertainty. HyTES retrievals are consistent with simultaneous airborne and ground-based in situ CH4 mole fraction measurements within the reported accuracy of approximately 0.2 ppm (or similar to 8 %), due to retrieval interferences related to air temperature, emissivity, and H2O.
C1 [Kuai, Le] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Worden, John R.; Hulley, Glynn C.; Hopkins, Francesca M.; Miller, Charles E.; Hook, Simon J.; Duren, Riley M.; Aubrey, Andrew D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Li, King-Fai] Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Kuai, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM lkuai@g.ucla.edu
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA [NNX14AR40G]
FX We would like to thank all other HyTES team members and the pilots for
making the measurements and calibrating the data. This research was
carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration. K.-F. Li was supported by NASA grant NNX14AR40G to the
University of Washington.
NR 34
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 7
BP 3165
EP 3173
DI 10.5194/amt-9-3165-2016
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DS9HQ
UT WOS:000381094100012
ER
PT J
AU Shume, E
Ao, C
AF Shume, Esayas
Ao, Chi
TI Remote sensing of tropospheric turbulence using GPS radio occultation
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; ATMOSPHERE; SIGNALS
AB Radio occultation (RO) measurements are sensitive to the small-scale irregularities in the atmosphere. In this study, we present a new technique to estimate tropospheric turbulence strength (namely, scintillation index) by analyzing RO amplitude fluctuations in impact parameter domain. GPS RO observations from the COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate) satellites enabled us to calculate global maps of scintillation measures, revealing the seasonal, latitudinal, and longitudinal characteristics of the turbulent troposphere. Such information are both difficult and expensive to obtain especially over the oceans. To verify our approach, simulation experiments using the multiple phase screen (MPS) method were conducted. The results show that scintillation indices inferred from the MPS simulations are in good agreement with scintillation measures estimated from COSMIC observations.
C1 [Shume, Esayas; Ao, Chi] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Shume, Esayas] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Shume, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Shume, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM esayas.b.shume@jpl.nasa.gov
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA ROSES GNSS Remote
Sensing Team [NNH11ZDA001N-GNSS]
FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The
authors would like to acknowledge grant support from NASA ROSES GNSS
Remote Sensing Team (NNH11ZDA001N-GNSS). We thank the UCAR COSMIC Data
analysis and Archive Center for access to the COSMIC raw data.
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 7
BP 3175
EP 3182
DI 10.5194/amt-9-3175-2016
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DS9HQ
UT WOS:000381094100013
ER
PT J
AU Gupta, P
Levy, RC
Mattoo, S
Remer, LA
Munchak, LA
AF Gupta, Pawan
Levy, Robert C.
Mattoo, Shana
Remer, Lorraine A.
Munchak, Leigh A.
TI A surface reflectance scheme for retrieving aerosol optical depth over
urban surfaces in MODIS Dark Target retrieval algorithm
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; AIR-QUALITY;
TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; LAND SURFACES; SATELLITE; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS
AB The MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments, aboard the two Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites Terra and Aqua, provide aerosol information with nearly daily global coverage at moderate spatial resolution (10 and 3 km). Almost 15 years of aerosol data records are now available from MODIS that can be used for various climate and air-quality applications. However, the application of MODIS aerosol products for air-quality concerns is limited by a reduction in retrieval accuracy over urban surfaces. This is largely because the urban surface reflectance behaves differently than that assumed for natural surfaces. In this study, we address the inaccuracies produced by the MODIS Dark Target (MDT) algorithm aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals over urban areas and suggest improvements by modifying the surface reflectance scheme in the algorithm. By integrating MODIS Land Surface Reflectance and Land Cover Type information into the aerosol surface parameterization scheme for urban areas, much of the issues associated with the standard algorithm have been mitigated for our test region, the continental United States (CONUS). The new surface scheme takes into account the change in underlying surface type and is only applied for MODIS pixels with urban percentage (UP) larger than 20 %. Over the urban areas where the new scheme has been applied (UP >20 %), the number of AOD retrievals falling within expected error (EE %) has increased by 20 %, and the strong positive bias against ground-based sun photometry has been eliminated. However, we note that the new retrieval introduces a small negative bias for AOD values less than 0.1 due to the ultra-sensitivity of the AOD retrieval to the surface parameterization under low atmospheric aerosol loadings. Global application of the new urban surface parameterization appears promising, but further research and analysis are required before global implementation.
C1 [Gupta, Pawan] USRA, GESTAR, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.
[Gupta, Pawan; Levy, Robert C.; Mattoo, Shana; Munchak, Leigh A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Mattoo, Shana; Munchak, Leigh A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20709 USA.
[Remer, Lorraine A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
RP Gupta, P (reprint author), USRA, GESTAR, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.; Gupta, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM pawan.gupta@nasa.gov
RI Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013
OI Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303
FU NASA ROSES grants [Terra-Aqua: NNH13ZDA001N-TERAQEA MODIS]
FX AERONET data were obtained from the NASA AERONET data server; we would
like to thank the AERONET team for maintaining the network and data
archive. We could not do this study without the AERONET and DRAGON
teams' continuing support of quality-controlled, easy-access data. This
project is supported through NASA ROSES grants under Terra-Aqua:
NNH13ZDA001N-TERAQEA MODIS maintenance project.
NR 40
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 7
BP 3293
EP 3308
DI 10.5194/amt-9-3293-2016
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DS9HQ
UT WOS:000381094100021
ER
PT J
AU Eckert, E
Laeng, A
Lossow, S
Kellmann, S
Stiller, G
von Clarmann, T
Glatthor, N
Hopfner, M
Kiefer, M
Oelhaf, H
Orphal, J
Funke, B
Grabowski, U
Haenel, F
Linden, A
Wetzel, G
Woiwode, W
Bernath, PF
Boone, C
Dutton, GS
Elkins, JW
Engel, A
Gille, JC
Kolonjari, F
Sugita, T
Toon, GC
Walker, KA
AF Eckert, E.
Laeng, A.
Lossow, S.
Kellmann, S.
Stiller, G.
von Clarmann, T.
Glatthor, N.
Hoepfner, M.
Kiefer, M.
Oelhaf, H.
Orphal, J.
Funke, B.
Grabowski, U.
Haenel, F.
Linden, A.
Wetzel, G.
Woiwode, W.
Bernath, P. F.
Boone, C.
Dutton, G. S.
Elkins, J. W.
Engel, A.
Gille, J. C.
Kolonjari, F.
Sugita, T.
Toon, G. C.
Walker, K. A.
TI MIPAS IMK/IAA CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2) measurements: accuracy,
precision and long-term stability
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING MIPAS; LIMB EMISSION-SPECTRA; MICHELSON
INTERFEROMETER; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; VERTICAL PROFILES; STR
MEASUREMENTS; OZONE LOSS; ILAS-II; VALIDATION; SPECTROMETER
AB Profiles of CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2) of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) aboard the European satellite Envisat have been retrieved from versions MIPAS/4.61 to MI-PAS/4.62 and MIPAS/5.02 to MIPAS/5.06 level-1b data using the scientific level-2 processor run by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK) and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA). These profiles have been compared to measurements taken by the balloon-borne cryosampler, Mark IV (MkIV) and MIPAS-Balloon (MIPAS-B), the airborne MIPAS-STRatospheric aircraft (MIPAS-STR), the satellite-borne Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier transform spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the High Resolution Dynamic Limb Sounder (HIRDLS), as well as the ground-based Halocarbon and other Atmospheric Trace Species (HATS) network for the reduced spectral resolution period (RR: January 2005-April 2012) of MIPAS. ACE-FTS, MkIV and HATS also provide measurements during the high spectral resolution period (full resolution, FR: July 2002-March 2004) and were used to validate MIPAS CFC-11 and CFC-12 products during that time, as well as profiles from the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer, ILAS-II. In general, we find that MIPAS shows slightly higher values for CFC-11 at the lower end of the profiles (below similar to 15 km) and in a comparison of HATS ground-based data and MIPAS measurements at 3 km below the tropopause. Differences range from approximately 10 to 50 pptv (similar to 5-20 %) during the RR period. In general, differences are slightly smaller for the FR period. An indication of a slight high bias at the lower end of the profile exists for CFC-12 as well, but this bias is far less pronounced than for CFC-11 and is not as obvious in the relative differences between MIPAS and any of the comparison instruments. Differences at the lower end of the profile (below similar to 15 km) and in the comparison of HATS and MIPAS measurements taken at 3 km below the tropopause mainly stay within 10-50 pptv (corresponding to similar to 2-10% for CFC-12) for the RR and the FR period. Between similar to 15 and 30 km, most comparisons agree within 10-20 pptv (10-20 %), apart from ILAS-II, which shows large differences above similar to 17 km. Overall, relative differences are usually smaller for CFC-12 than for CFC-11. For both species -CFC-11 and CFC-12 - we find that differences at the lower end of the profile tend to be larger at higher latitudes than in tropical and subtropical regions. In addition, MIPAS profiles have a maximum in their mixing ratio around the tropopause, which is most obvious in tropical mean profiles. Comparisons of the standard deviation in a quiescent atmosphere (polar summer) show that only the CFC-12 FR error budget can fully explain the observed variability, while for the other products (CFC-11 FR and RR and CFC-12 RR) only two-thirds to three-quarters can be explained. Investigations regarding the temporal stability show very small negative drifts in MIPAS CFC-11 measurements. These instrument drifts vary between similar to 1 and 3% decade(-1). For CFC-12, the drifts are also negative and close to zero up to similar to 30 km. Above that altitude, larger drifts of up to similar to 50% decade(-1) appear which are negative up to similar to 35 km and positive, but of a similar magnitude, above.
C1 [Eckert, E.; Laeng, A.; Lossow, S.; Kellmann, S.; Stiller, G.; von Clarmann, T.; Glatthor, N.; Hoepfner, M.; Kiefer, M.; Oelhaf, H.; Orphal, J.; Grabowski, U.; Haenel, F.; Linden, A.; Wetzel, G.; Woiwode, W.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Funke, B.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain.
[Bernath, P. F.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
[Boone, C.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
[Dutton, G. S.; Elkins, J. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Dutton, G. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Engel, A.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmosphare & Umwelt, Frankfurt, Germany.
[Gille, J. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Gille, J. C.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Limb Atmospher Sounding, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kolonjari, F.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Sugita, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Toon, G. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Eckert, E (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany.
EM ellen.eckert@kit.edu
FU DLR [50EE0901]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology; Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council of Canada; National Aeronautics and Space
Administration; EU-project RECONCILE [15 226365-FP7-ENV-2008-1];
BMBF-project ENVIVAL-Life (DLR grant) [50EE0841]; European Space Agency
(ESA); German Aerospace Center (DLR); CNRS (Centre National de la
Recherch-eScientifique); CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales);
Ministry of the Environment of Japan
FX The retrievals of IMK/IAA were partly performed on the HP XC4000 of the
Scientific Supercomputing Center (SSC), Karlsruhe, under project grant
MIPAS. IMK data analysis was supported by DLR under contract number
50EE0901. MIPAS level 1B data were provided by ESA. We acknowledge
support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Open Access Publishing
Fund of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. The Atmospheric Chemistry
Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly
supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council of Canada. Work at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Data
collection and analysis of MIPAS-STR data used here were supported by
the EU-project RECONCILE (grant no. 15 226365-FP7-ENV-2008-1) and the
BMBF-project ENVIVAL-Life (DLR grant no. 50EE0841). Balloon flights and
data analysis of MIPAS-B data used here were supported by the European
Space Agency (ESA), the German Aerospace Center (DLR), CNRS (Centre
National de la Recherch-eScientifique) and CNES (Centre National
d'Etudes Spatiales). The ILAS-ll project was funded by Ministry of the
Environment of Japan.
NR 55
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 7
BP 3355
EP 3389
DI 10.5194/amt-9-3355-2016
PG 35
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DS9HQ
UT WOS:000381094100025
ER
PT J
AU Fisher, JB
Sikka, M
Huntzinger, DN
Schwalm, C
Liu, JJ
AF Fisher, Joshua B.
Sikka, Munish
Huntzinger, Deborah N.
Schwalm, Christopher
Liu, Junjie
TI Technical note: 3-hourly temporal downscaling of monthly global
terrestrial biosphere model net ecosystem exchange
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID PROGRAM MULTISCALE SYNTHESIS; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; ATMOSPHERIC CO2;
CARBON-CYCLE; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; SURFACE; FLUX
AB The land surface provides a boundary condition to atmospheric forward and flux inversion models. These models require prior estimates of CO2 fluxes at relatively high temporal resolutions (e.g., 3-hourly) because of the high frequency of atmospheric mixing and wind heterogeneity. However, land surface model CO2 fluxes are often provided at monthly time steps, typically because the land surface modeling community focuses more on time steps associated with plant phenology (e.g., seasonal) than on sub-daily phenomena. Here, we describe a new dataset created from 15 global land surface models and 4 ensemble products in the Multi-scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP), temporally downscaled from monthly to 3-hourly output. We provide 3-hourly output for each individual model over 7 years (2004-2010), as well as an ensemble mean, a weighted ensemble mean, and the multi-model standard deviation. Output is provided in three different spatial resolutions for user preferences: 0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees, 2.0 degrees x 2.5 degrees, and 4.0 degrees x 5.0 degrees (latitude x longitude). These data are publicly available from doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1315.
C1 [Fisher, Joshua B.; Sikka, Munish; Liu, Junjie] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Huntzinger, Deborah N.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, 527 S Beaver St, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Schwalm, Christopher] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA.
RP Fisher, JB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM joshbfisher@gmail.com
OI Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085
FU NASA; NASA ROSES [NNX10AGO01A, NNH10AN681]; U.S. Department of Energy's
Office of Science; National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX Funding for this work was provided by NASA's Carbon Monitoring System
(CMS) and NASA's Carbon Cycle Science (CARBON) programs. We thank the
MsTMIP modeling teams for providing the model output. Access and
information about MsTMIP model output can be found at
http://nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/, along with model and model team
participant information. Funding for the MsTMIP activity was provided
through NASA ROSES grant no. NNX10AGO01A. Data management support for
preparing, documenting, and distributing MsTMIP model driver and output
data was performed by the Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center at
Oak Ridge National Laboratory with funding through NASA ROSES grant no.
NNH10AN681. We thank Dennis Baldocchi and Siyan Ma for providing the
Tonzi Ranch AmeriFlux/FLUXNET data; funding for AmeriFlux data resources
and core site data was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy's
Office of Science. Two reviewers provided useful suggestions on how to
improve the paper. The research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Government
sponsorship acknowledged. Copyright 2016. All rights reserved.
NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
EI 1726-4189
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 14
BP 4271
EP 4277
DI 10.5194/bg-13-4271-2016
PG 7
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA DT0ZU
UT WOS:000381212300013
ER
PT J
AU Brunt, KM
Neumann, TA
Amundson, JM
Kavanaugh, JL
Moussavi, MS
Walsh, KM
Cook, WB
Markus, T
AF Brunt, Kelly M.
Neumann, Thomas A.
Amundson, Jason M.
Kavanaugh, Jeffrey L.
Moussavi, Mahsa S.
Walsh, Kaitlin M.
Cook, William B.
Markus, Thorsten
TI MABEL photon-counting laser altimetry data in Alaska for ICESat-2
simulations and development
SO CRYOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; ELEVATION CHANGES; LIDAR; MISSION; ACCURACY; DEPTH
AB Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) is scheduled to launch in late 2017 and will carry the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS), which is a photon-counting laser altimeter and represents a new approach to satellite determination of surface elevation. Given the new technology of ATLAS, an airborne instrument, the Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL), was developed to provide data needed for satellite-algorithm development and ICESat-2 error analysis. MABEL was deployed out of Fairbanks, Alaska, in July 2014 to provide a test dataset for algorithm development in summer conditions with water-saturated snow and ice surfaces. Here we compare MABEL lidar data to in situ observations in Southeast Alaska to assess instrument performance in summer conditions and in the presence of glacier surface melt ponds and a wet snowpack. Results indicate the following: (1) based on MABEL and in situ data comparisons, the ATLAS 90m beam-spacing strategy will provide a valid assessment of across-track slope that is consistent with shallow slopes (<1 degrees) of an ice-sheet interior over 50 to 150m length scales; (2) the dense along-track sampling strategy of photon counting systems can provide crevasse detail; and (3) MABEL 532 nm wavelength light may sample both the surface and subsurface of shallow (approximately 2 m deep) supraglacial melt ponds. The data associated with crevasses and melt ponds indicate the potential ICESat-2 will have for the study of mountain and other small glaciers.
C1 [Brunt, Kelly M.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Brunt, Kelly M.; Neumann, Thomas A.; Walsh, Kaitlin M.; Cook, William B.; Markus, Thorsten] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Amundson, Jason M.] Univ Alaska Southeast, Dept Nat Sci, Juneau, AK USA.
[Kavanaugh, Jeffrey L.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
[Moussavi, Mahsa S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Moussavi, Mahsa S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, NSIDC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Walsh, Kaitlin M.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Brunt, KM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Brunt, KM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM kelly.m.brunt@nasa.gov
RI Neumann, Thomas/D-5264-2012
FU NASA ICESat-2 Project Science Office; NSF-PLR [1303895, 1043681]
FX Funding for this project was through the NASA ICESat-2 Project Science
Office. Funding for J. M. Amundson was provided by NSF-PLR 1303895. We
acknowledge the considerable efforts of the Project, Science, and
Instrument teams of NASA's ICESat-2 and MABEL missions. We thank the
following people: Eugenia De Marco (ASRC Aerospace Corp., NASA/GSFC) and
Dan Reed (Sigma Space Corp., NASA/GSFC) for MABEL instrument support;
Scott Luthcke (NASA/GSFC), David Hancock (NASA/WFF), and Jeff Lee
(NASA/WFF) for MABEL data calibration; Scott McGee and Ya' Shonti
Bridgers (JIRP) for GPS field data collection and data processing
support; and NASA/AFRC (specifically ER-2 pilots Tim Williams and Denis
Steele) for Alaska airborne support. WorldView imagery was provided by
the Polar Geospatial Center at the University of Minnesota, which is
supported by NSF-PLR 1043681. GPS receivers for the survey of the
terminus of the Lower Taku Glacier were provided by UNAVCO. GPS
receivers for the JIRP survey were provided by Werner Stempfhuber of the
Beuth University of Applied Sciences. And, finally, we thank two
anonymous reviewers for their highly constructive suggestions.
NR 23
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 8
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1994-0416
EI 1994-0424
J9 CRYOSPHERE
JI Cryosphere
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 4
BP 1707
EP 1719
DI 10.5194/tc-10-1707-2016
PG 13
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA DT1BZ
UT WOS:000381218000014
ER
PT J
AU Koenig, LS
Ivanoff, A
Alexander, PM
MacGregor, JA
Fettweis, X
Panzer, B
Paden, JD
Forster, RR
Das, I
McConnell, JR
Tedesco, M
Leuschen, C
Gogineni, P
AF Koenig, Lora S.
Ivanoff, Alvaro
Alexander, Patrick M.
MacGregor, Joseph A.
Fettweis, Xavier
Panzer, Ben
Paden, John D.
Forster, Richard R.
Das, Indrani
McConnell, Joesph R.
Tedesco, Marco
Leuschen, Carl
Gogineni, Prasad
TI Annual Greenland accumulation rates (2009-2012) from airborne snow radar
SO CRYOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; SURFACE INTERNAL LAYERS; REGIONAL CLIMATE
MODEL; TERRA-NOVA BAY; ICE-SHEET; MASS-BALANCE; SPATIOTEMPORAL
VARIABILITY; MELTWATER STORAGE; ANTARCTIC PLATEAU; WIDE-BAND
AB Contemporary climate warming over the Arctic is accelerating mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet through increasing surface melt, emphasizing the need to closely monitor its surface mass balance in order to improve sea-level rise predictions. Snow accumulation is the largest component of the ice sheet's surface mass balance, but in situ observations thereof are inherently sparse and models are difficult to evaluate at large scales. Here, we quantify recent Greenland accumulation rates using ultra-wideband (2-6.5 GHz) airborne snow radar data collected as part of NASA's Operation IceBridge between 2009 and 2012. We use a semiautomated method to trace the observed radiostratigraphy and then derive annual net accumulation rates for 2009-2012. The uncertainty in these radar-derived accumulation rates is on average 14 %. A comparison of the radar-derived accumulation rates and contemporaneous ice cores shows that snow radar captures both the annual and long-term mean accumulation rate accurately. A comparison with outputs from a regional climate model (MAR) shows that this model matches radar-derived accumulation rates in the ice sheet interior but produces higher values over southeastern Greenland. Our results demonstrate that snow radar can efficiently and accurately map patterns of snow accumulation across an ice sheet and that it is valuable for evaluating the accuracy of surface mass balance models.
C1 [Koenig, Lora S.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ivanoff, Alvaro] ADNET Syst Inc, Bethesda, MD USA.
[Alexander, Patrick M.; Tedesco, Marco] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[MacGregor, Joseph A.] NASA, Cryospher Sci Lab Code 615, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Fettweis, Xavier] Univ Liege, Dept Geog, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
[Panzer, Ben; Paden, John D.; Leuschen, Carl; Gogineni, Prasad] Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
[Forster, Richard R.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
[Das, Indrani] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA.
[McConnell, Joesph R.; Tedesco, Marco] Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV USA.
RP Koenig, LS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM lora.koenig@colorado.edu
FU NASA; NSF [1304700]; NASA [NNX15AL45G, NNX14AD98G]; University of
Colorado Boulder Libraries Open Access Fund
FX This work was supported by the NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program and by
the NSF grant no. 1304700 and the NASA grants no. NNX15AL45G and no.
NNX14AD98G. Data collection and instrument development were made
possible by The University of Kansas' Center for Remote Sensing of Ice
Sheets (CReSIS) supported by the National Science Foundation and NASA's
Operation IceBridge. Publication of this article was funded by the
University of Colorado Boulder Libraries Open Access Fund.
NR 63
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1994-0416
EI 1994-0424
J9 CRYOSPHERE
JI Cryosphere
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 4
BP 1739
EP 1752
DI 10.5194/tc-10-1739-2016
PG 14
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA DT1BZ
UT WOS:000381218000016
ER
PT S
AU Cooper, KB
AF Cooper, Ken B.
BE Wikner, DA
Luukanen, AR
TI Imaging, Doppler, and Spectroscopic Radars from 95 to 700 GHz
SO PASSIVE AND ACTIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING XIX
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Passive and Active Millimeter-Wave Imaging XIX
CY APR 21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Millimeter-wave radar; THz radar; FMCW radar; security imaging
AB Imaging, Doppler, and spectroscopic radars from 95 to 700 GHz, all using the frequency-modulated continuous-wave technique, are in various stages of development for both defense and science applications at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. For standoff security screening, a 340 GHz imaging radar now achieves an 8.3 Hz frame, and it has been tested using power-efficient MMIC-based active multiplier sources into its front end. That system evolved from a 680 GHz security radar platform, which has also been modified to operate in a Doppler mode for probing the dynamics of blowing sand and sensing small-amplitude target vibrations. Meanwhile, 95 and 183 GHz radars based on similar RF architectures are currently being developed to probe cometary jets in space and, using a differential absorption technique, humidity inside upper-tropospheric clouds.
C1 [Cooper, Ken B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Cooper, KB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 18
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0071-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9830
AR 983005
DI 10.1117/12.2222737
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BF4TM
UT WOS:000381692700003
ER
PT S
AU Sainath, K
Teixeira, FL
Hensley, S
AF Sainath, Kamalesh
Teixeira, Fernando L.
Hensley, Scott
BE Kurowska, A
Misiurewicz, J
TI Numerical Study of Co-Polarized InSAR Phase Bias in Remote Sensing of
Layered Media
SO 2016 17TH INTERNATIONAL RADAR SYMPOSIUM (IRS)
SE International Radar Symposium Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 17th International Radar Symposium (IRS)
CY MAY 10-12, 2016
CL Krakow, POLAND
DE Electromagnetic propagation; radar interferometry; radar polarimetry;
radar remote sensing
ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; INTERFEROMETRY; PENETRATION; ICE; SNOW
AB We numerically explore, for a three-layered dielectric medium, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) coherence phase bias arising from co-polarized interferometric observations of electromagnetic (EM) interrogation of, and scattering from, penetrable subsurface media which can be approximated (at least locally, at the SAR pixel level) as planar layered. A recently-developed incoherent scattering model now allows prediction of InSAR phase bias arising from the radar wave undergoing an (if neglecting radar time-gating) unending succession of subsurface specular reflections ("multi-bounce"), which is crucial for more comprehensively understanding interferometric observations (both terrestrial and extraterrestrial) of many low-loss layered structures. Our paper's results are as follows. First, for increasing subsurface wave attenuation the phase bias approaches zero (backscattering top interface) or the thickness of the subsurface slab (backscatter-free top interface). Second, increasing dielectric contrast between the central and outer two layers elevates (reduces) phase bias for a top interface weakly (strongly) backscattering power relative to the bottom interface. We conclude that subsurface scatter-enhanced phase bias should become significant primarily for geological structures characterized by a weakly-backscattering (i.e., very smooth) top interface and low-attenuating subsurface, which are attributes that may reasonably be used to describe the EM scattering properties of many manifestations of ice, snow, dry soil, and hyper-arid sand or regolith-mantled bedrock structures.
C1 [Sainath, Kamalesh; Teixeira, Fernando L.] Ohio State Univ, ElectroSci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA.
[Hensley, Scott] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Sainath, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, ElectroSci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA.
EM sainath.1@osu.edu; teixeira@ece.osu.edu; scott.hensley@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-5745
BN 978-1-5090-2518-3
J9 INT RADAR SYMP PROC
PY 2016
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA BF4ZJ
UT WOS:000381801100055
ER
PT S
AU Sainath, K
Teixeira, FL
Hensley, S
AF Sainath, Kamalesh
Teixeira, Fernando L.
Hensley, Scott
BE Kurowska, A
Misiurewicz, J
TI Cross-Pol InSAR Coherence Degradation due to Wave Penetration into
Layered, Anisotropic Media
SO 2016 17TH INTERNATIONAL RADAR SYMPOSIUM (IRS)
SE International Radar Symposium Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 17th International Radar Symposium (IRS)
CY MAY 10-12, 2016
CL Krakow, POLAND
DE Electromagnetic propagation; radar interferometry; radar polarimetry;
radar remote sensing
ID INTERFEROMETRY; DECORRELATION
AB We numerically study degradation in the cross polarized, complex-valued Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) coherence's magnitude (correlation) and phase due to electromagnetic (EM) wave penetration and guidance within planar-layered, (effectively) electrically anisotropic (i.e., electric field direction dependent) geophysical media. Specifically, we examine scenarios involving subsurface layers exhibiting electrical response given by deviated anisotropic tensors exhibiting low loss and high inter-layer dielectric contrast (i.e., strong subsurface wave guidance), as well as predominantly cross-pol specular interface scatter (XSIS)-based subsurface backscatter. We hypothesize that this scenario can occur within myriad layered geophysical structures containing media hosting a distribution of sub-wavelength, non-spherical inclusions with mean non-vertical orientation. Guidance-enhanced, XSIS-based backscatter we predict can dominate cross-pol InSAR observations (particularly at lower frequencies such as P-band) concerning these types of structures, leading (in the limit of stronger wave guidance) to rapid, inverse-quadratic degradation of correlation versus InSAR spatial baseline, as well as high and linearly divergent phase bias. Modeling the dominant cross pot backscatter mechanisms adds another tool for Polarimetric InSAR (PoIInSAR) data interpretation and inversion concerning sea ice and other complex layered geophysical structures which can contain media possessing effective anisotropic dielectric response.
C1 [Sainath, Kamalesh; Teixeira, Fernando L.] Ohio State Univ, ElectroSci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA.
[Hensley, Scott] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Sainath, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, ElectroSci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA.
EM sainath.1@osu.edu; teixeira@ece.osu.edu; scott.hensley@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-5745
BN 978-1-5090-2518-3
J9 INT RADAR SYMP PROC
PY 2016
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA BF4ZJ
UT WOS:000381801100029
ER
PT J
AU Richter, I
Auster, HU
Berghofer, G
Carr, C
Cupido, E
Fornacon, KH
Goetz, C
Heinisch, P
Koenders, C
Stoll, B
Tsurutani, BT
Vallat, C
Volwerk, M
Glassmeier, KH
AF Richter, Ingo
Auster, Hans-Ulrich
Berghofer, Gerhard
Carr, Chris
Cupido, Emanuele
Fornacon, Karl-Heinz
Goetz, Charlotte
Heinisch, Philip
Koenders, Christoph
Stoll, Bernd
Tsurutani, Bruce T.
Vallat, Claire
Volwerk, Martin
Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz
TI Two-point observations of low-frequency waves at
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko during the descent of PHILAE: comparison of
RPCMAG and ROMAP
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Interplanetary physics; interplanetary magnetic fields; space plasma
physics; waves and instabilities; space plasma physics; instruments and
techniques
ID MAGNETIC-FIELD OBSERVATIONS; ROSETTA PLASMA CONSORTIUM; COMET
67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO; FLUXGATE MAGNETOMETER; MAG
AB The European Space Agency's spacecraft ROSETTA has reached its final destination, comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Whilst orbiting in the close vicinity of the nucleus the ROSETTA magnetometers detected a new type of low-frequency wave possibly generated by a cross-field current instability due to freshly ionized cometary water group particles. During separation, descent and landing of the lander PHILAE on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, we used the unique opportunity to perform combined measurements with the magnetometers onboard ROSETTA (RPCMAG) and its lander PHILAE (ROMAP). New details about the spatial distribution of wave properties along the connection line of the ROSETTA orbiter and the lander PHILAE are revealed. An estimation of the observed amplitude, phase and wavelength distribution will be presented as well as the measured dispersion relation, characterizing the new type of low-frequency waves. The propagation direction and polarization features will be discussed using the results of a minimum variance analysis. Thoughts about the size of the wave source will complete our study.
C1 [Richter, Ingo; Auster, Hans-Ulrich; Fornacon, Karl-Heinz; Goetz, Charlotte; Heinisch, Philip; Koenders, Christoph; Stoll, Bernd; Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz] TU Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, Mendelssohnstr 3, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
[Berghofer, Gerhard; Volwerk, Martin] Inst Weltraumforsch, Schmiedlstr 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria.
[Carr, Chris; Cupido, Emanuele] Imperial Coll London, Exhibit Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England.
[Tsurutani, Bruce T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Vallat, Claire] European Space Astron Ctr, Rosetta Sci Ground Segment, Madrid 28691, Spain.
RP Richter, I (reprint author), TU Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, Mendelssohnstr 3, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
EM i.richter@tu-bs.de
FU German Ministerium fur Wirtschaft und Energie; Deutsches Zentrum fur
Luft- und Raumfahrt [50QP 1401]; NASA
FX The RPCMAG and ROMAP data will be made available through the PSA archive
of ESA and the PDS archive of NASA. Rosetta is a European Space Agency
(ESA) mission with contributions from its member states and the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The work on RPCMAG and
ROMAP was financially supported by the German Ministerium fur Wirtschaft
und Energie and the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt under
contract 50QP 1401. We thank the European taxpayers for the kind support
of our space research. All computations concerning the s/c position and
orientation have been calculated with use of the SPICE software
developed by NASA's NAIF team. We thank K. C. Hansen for providing two
values for the gas production rate which were extracted from a plot of a
talk given at the ROSETTA SWT meeting at ESAC in December 2015. Portions
of this research were performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology under contract with NASA. We are
indebted to the whole Rosetta Mission Team, SGS, and RMOC for their
outstanding efforts making this mission possible. We express our sincere
gratitude to the referees of this paper who contributed significantly to
the finishing touch of this publication.
NR 33
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 6
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
EI 1432-0576
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2016
VL 34
IS 7
BP 609
EP 622
DI 10.5194/angeo-34-609-2016
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DS9IT
UT WOS:000381097000004
ER
PT J
AU Montesano, PM
Sun, GQ
Dubayah, RO
Ranson, KJ
AF Montesano, Paul M.
Sun, Guoqing
Dubayah, Ralph O.
Ranson, K. Jon
TI S91 Spaceborne potential for examining taiga-tundra ecotone form and
vulnerability
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID BOREAL CONIFER FORESTS; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; SEWARD PENINSULA; BIOMASS;
DYNAMICS; LIDAR; TREELINE; CLIMATE; UNCERTAINTY; PATTERNS
AB In the taiga-tundra ecotone (TTE), site-dependent forest structure characteristics can influence the subtle and heterogeneous structural changes that occur across the broad circumpolar extent. Such changes may be related to ecotone form, described by the horizontal and vertical patterns of forest structure (e.g., tree cover, density, and height) within TTE forest patches, driven by local site conditions, and linked to ecotone dynamics. The unique circumstance of subtle, variable, and widespread vegetation change warrants the application of spaceborne data including high-resolution (<5 m) spaceborne imagery (HRSI) across broad scales for examining TTE form and predicting dynamics. This study analyzes forest structure at the patch scale in the TTE to provide a means to examine both vertical and horizontal components of ecotone form. We demonstrate the potential of spaceborne data for integrating forest height and density to assess TTE form at the scale of forest patches across the circumpolar biome by (1) mapping forest patches in study sites along the TTE in northern Siberia with a multi-resolution suite of spaceborne data and (2) examining the uncertainty of forest patch height from this suite of data across sites of primarily diffuse TTE forms. Results demonstrate the opportunities for improving patch-scale spaceborne estimates of forest height, the vertical component of TTE form, with HRSI. The distribution of relative maximum height uncertainty based on prediction intervals is centered at similar to 40%, constraining the use of height for discerning differences in forest patches. We discuss this uncertainty in light of a conceptual model of general ecotone forms and highlight how the uncertainty of spaceborne estimates of height can contribute to the uncertainty in identifying TTE forms. A focus on reducing the uncertainty of height estimates in forest patches may improve depiction of TTE form, which may help explain variable forest responses in the TTE to climate change and the vulnerability of portions of the TTE to forest structure change.
C1 [Montesano, Paul M.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Montesano, Paul M.; Sun, Guoqing; Ranson, K. Jon] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Sun, Guoqing; Dubayah, Ralph O.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Montesano, PM (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.; Montesano, PM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM paul.m.montesano@nasa.gov
FU NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program
FX Funding for this work was provided by the NASA Terrestrial Ecology
Program.
NR 72
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
EI 1726-4189
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 13
BP 3847
EP 3861
DI 10.5194/bg-13-3847-2016
PG 15
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA DS9JW
UT WOS:000381099900001
ER
PT S
AU Johnson, WR
Hook, SJ
AF Johnson, William R.
Hook, Simon J.
BE Andresen, BF
Fulop, GF
Hanson, CM
Norton, PR
TI Mid and thermal infrared remote sensing at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XLII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 42 Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XLII
CY APR 18-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MA
SP SPIE
DE imaging; spectroscopy; QWIP; MCT; Thermopile; CBIRD; thermal; LWIR;
Dyson
ID DIVINER LUNAR RADIOMETER; DETECTOR; ARRAYS
AB The mid and thermal infrared (MTIR) for the Earth surface is defined between 3 and 14 mu m. In the outer solar system, objects are colder and their Planck response shifts towards longer wavelengths. Hence for these objects (e.g. icy moons, polar caps, comets, Europa), the thermal IR definition usually stretches out to 50 mu m and beyond. Spectroscopy has been a key part of this scientific exploration because of its ability to remotely determine elemental and mineralogical composition. Many key gas species such as methane, ammonia, sulfur, etc. also have vibrational bands which show up in the thermal infrared spectrum above the background response.
Over the past few decades, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has been building up a portfolio of technology to capture the MTIR for various scientific applications. Three recent sensors are briefly reviewed: The airborne Hyperspectral thermal emission spectrometer (HyTES), the ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) and Mars Climate Sounder (MCS)/DIVINER. Each of these sensors utilize a different technology to provide a remote sensing product based on MTIR science. For example, HyTES is a push-brooming hyperspectral imager which utilizes a large format quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP). The goal is to transition this to a new complementary barrier infrared photodetector (CBIRD) with a similar long wave cut-off and increased sensitivity. ECOSTRESS is a push-whisk Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT) based high speed, multi-band, imager which will eventually observe and characterize plant/vegetation functionality and stress index from the International Space Station (ISS) across the contiguous United States (CONUS). MCS/DIVINER utilizes thermopile technology to capture the thermal emission from the polar caps and shadow regions of the moon. Each sensor utilizes specific JPL technology to capture unique science.
C1 [Johnson, William R.; Hook, Simon J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Johnson, WR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM William.R.Johnson@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 6
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0060-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9819
AR 98190H
DI 10.1117/12.2225527
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BF4JD
UT WOS:000381071600017
ER
PT S
AU Ting, DZ
Soibel, A
Hoglund, L
Hill, CJ
Keo, SA
Fisher, AM
Khoshakhlagh, A
Gunapala, SD
AF Ting, David Z.
Soibel, Alexander
Hoglund, Linda
Hill, Cory J.
Keo, Sam A.
Fisher, Anita M.
Khoshakhlagh, Arezou
Gunapala, Sarath D.
BE Andresen, BF
Fulop, GF
Hanson, CM
Norton, PR
TI High-temperature turn-on behavior of an nBn infrared detector
SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XLII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 42 Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XLII
CY APR 18-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MA
SP SPIE
DE infrared detector; nBn; MWIR
AB High-temperature characteristics of a mid-wavelength infrared detector based on the Maimon-Wicks InAsSb/AlAsSb nBn design indicates that the quantum efficiency does not degrade when the operating temperature increases to above room temperature. However, it was also found that the turn-on bias becomes larger at higher temperatures. This counter-intuitive behavior was originally attributed to the change in the band alignment between the absorber and top contact layers due to Fermi level temperature dependence. Recent analysis shows that this is more likely due to temperature-dependent band bending effects. Dark current mechanism is analyzed based on minority carrier lifetime measurements. The difference between the responsivity and absorption quantum efficiencies is clarified.
C1 [Ting, David Z.; Soibel, Alexander; Hoglund, Linda; Hill, Cory J.; Keo, Sam A.; Fisher, Anita M.; Khoshakhlagh, Arezou; Gunapala, Sarath D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Ctr Infrared Photodetectors, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Hoglund, Linda] IRnova AB, Kista, Sweden.
RP Ting, DZ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Ctr Infrared Photodetectors, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0060-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9819
AR 98190Y
DI 10.1117/12.2230907
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BF4JD
UT WOS:000381071600032
ER
PT J
AU Antolovich, SD
Busso, EP
Skelton, P
Telesman, J
AF Antolovich, Stephen D.
Busso, Esteban P.
Skelton, Peter
Telesman, Jack
TI High temperature materials for aerospace applications
SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Antolovich, Stephen D.] Georgia Tech, Mat Sci & Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Antolovich, Stephen D.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
[Busso, Esteban P.] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Natl Aerosp Res Ctr, BP 80100, F-91123 Palaiseau, France.
[Telesman, Jack] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA.
RP Antolovich, SD (reprint author), Georgia Tech, Mat Sci & Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.; Antolovich, SD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
EM stevea@gatech.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0960-3409
EI 1878-6413
J9 MATER HIGH TEMP
JI Mater. High Temp.
PY 2016
VL 33
IS 4-5
SI SI
BP 289
EP 290
DI 10.1080/09603409.2016.1206294
PG 2
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA DS2AD
UT WOS:000380515300001
ER
PT J
AU Smialek, JL
Bonacuse, PJ
AF Smialek, James L.
Bonacuse, Peter J.
TI Compositional effects on the cyclic oxidation resistance of conventional
superalloys
SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
LA English
DT Article
DE Superalloys; Cyclic oxidation; Compositional effects; Scale phases
ID CR-AL ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY; COSP; MO
AB The 1100 degrees C cyclic oxidation performance of 25 Ni-base commercial and developmental alloys was compiled from an extensive database and ranked according to the 200 h weight change. Cyclic oxidation performance of superalloys is directly controlled by composition. These conventionally cast superalloys were composed of base elements [Ni-Co-Cr-Al], refractory elements [Nb-Mo-Ta-W], oxygen-active elements [Ti-Zr-Hf], light elements [B, C], and occasionally [V-Mn-Si], with P and S trace impurities. The oxidation results were broadly categorised as less than 4 mg/cm(2) weight loss for alloys with high 5-6% Al and 3-9% Ta, and with low <= 1% Ti ( wt.%). Conversely, weight loss of 200-300 mg/cm2 characterised alloys containing low < 3.5% Al, no Ta, and high > 3% Ti. These trends correlated with beneficial and detrimental scale phases previously reported. An unambiguous Cr effect was masked because of its strongly coupled, but inverse, correlation with Al. Multiple linear regression was used to fit alloy composition to a simple logarithmic weight change transform. The function contained 10 terms and yielded a correlation coefficient, r(2), of 0.84. Various graphical representations helped to further illustrate, quantify, and predict complex oxidation effects within a 10-element compositional space.
C1 [Smialek, James L.; Bonacuse, Peter J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Mat & Struct Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Smialek, JL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Mat & Struct Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM james.l.smialek@nasa.gov
FU NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program
FX This work was funded by the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program.
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0960-3409
EI 1878-6413
J9 MATER HIGH TEMP
JI Mater. High Temp.
PY 2016
VL 33
IS 4-5
SI SI
BP 489
EP 500
DI 10.1080/09603409.2016.1160501
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA DS2AD
UT WOS:000380515300019
ER
PT J
AU Nesbitt, J
Draper, S
AF Nesbitt, James
Draper, Susan
TI Pit morphology and depth after low-temperature hot corrosion of a disc
alloy
SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
LA English
DT Article
DE Disc; corrosion; pits; pitting; hot corrosion; Type II; LTHC
ID NICKEL
AB Hot corrosion of the low solvus, high refractory (LSHR) disc alloy was studied at 700 degrees C. The purpose of this study was to determine the conditions which result in a discrete, isolated pit morphology and to examine the influence of SO2 gas additions and various salt concentrations on the depth of those pits. Three salts, pure Na2SO4 and two Na2SO4-MgSO4 compositions, were used. It was found that with a eutectic Na2SO4-MgSO4 salt, there was no significant increase in pit depth between 0 and 30 ppm SO2 when O-2 was also present in the gas stream. Gas flow was observed to affect pit formation, but the variation in the position of the corrosion mounds/pits on the sample surface was unexpected. There was limited evidence that pit nucleation was not associated with grain boundaries or grain triple point junctions. An evolution from single, isolated pits, to coalesced pits, to overlapping pits on a single sample was observed. At higher SO2 concentrations, the extent of attack increased, resulting in a uniform type of attack morphology with significant metal loss across the sample surface. It was concluded that hot corrosion attack by pit formation for these conditions is not easily explained or predicted.
C1 [Nesbitt, James; Draper, Susan] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Nesbitt, J (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM James.A.Nesbitt@nasa.gov
FU Advanced Air Transport Technology Project Office, Aeronautics Research
Mission Directorate
FX Funding provided by the Advanced Air Transport Technology Project
Office, Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate is gratefully
acknowledged.
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0960-3409
EI 1878-6413
J9 MATER HIGH TEMP
JI Mater. High Temp.
PY 2016
VL 33
IS 4-5
SI SI
BP 501
EP 516
DI 10.1080/09603409.2016.1174476
PG 16
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA DS2AD
UT WOS:000380515300020
ER
PT J
AU Telesman, J
Gabb, TP
Yamada, Y
Draper, SL
AF Telesman, J.
Gabb, T. P.
Yamada, Y.
Draper, S. L.
TI Fatigue resistance of a hot corrosion exposed disk superalloy at varied
test temperatures
SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
LA English
DT Article
DE Hot corrosion; Superalloys; Fatigue resistance; Corrosion pits; Stress
concentration
ID BEHAVIOR
AB The fatigue resistance of the hot corrosion pitted ME3 disk superalloy was investigated. Low cycle fatigue specimens were subjected to hot corrosion exposures that produced pits on the gage sections. These specimens were tested at varied temperatures and strain ranges. Corrosion pitting influenced fatigue life and failure mode by varying degrees, depending on temperature and strain range. As observed through interrupted tests, fatigue cracks initiated at a smaller fraction of life for high-temperature tests, in comparison to that at low temperatures. Correspondingly, the crack initiation failure mode changed significantly with test temperature. While cracks initiated from the hot corrosion pits for all test conditions, at 704 degrees C the intergranular initiation failure mode was dominant, whereas at the lower temperatures cracks initiated within the pits from crystallographic facets. Finite element analyses were performed to quantify the effect of varying pit dimensions and spacing on elastic stress concentration. The highest stress concentration was calculated to occur at the narrow ligaments between overlapping hot corrosion pits. Increasing the number of overlapping pits did not further add to the stress concentration. There was good qualitative agreement between the calculated stress concentrations and the location of crack initiations for tests conducted at 704 degrees C but not for tests conducted at 204 degrees C.
C1 [Telesman, J.; Gabb, T. P.; Draper, S. L.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Yamada, Y.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH USA.
[Yamada, Y.] Honeywell Int, Torrance, CA 90504 USA.
RP Telesman, J (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM ignacy.telesman-1@nasa.gov
FU NASA's Advanced Air Transportation Technology Project - Aeronautics
Research Mission Directorate
FX This work supports the objectives and goals of NASA's Advanced Air
Transportation Technology Project funded by the Aeronautics Research
Mission Directorate.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0960-3409
EI 1878-6413
J9 MATER HIGH TEMP
JI Mater. High Temp.
PY 2016
VL 33
IS 4-5
SI SI
BP 517
EP 527
DI 10.1080/09603409.2016.1179000
PG 11
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA DS2AD
UT WOS:000380515300021
ER
PT J
AU Patterson, MT
Anderson, N
Bennett, C
Bruggemann, J
Grossman, RL
Handy, M
Ly, V
Mandl, DJ
Pederson, S
Pivarski, J
Powell, R
Spring, J
Wells, W
Xia, J
AF Patterson, Maria T.
Anderson, Nikolas
Bennett, Collin
Bruggemann, Jacob
Grossman, Robert L.
Handy, Matthew
Ly, Vuong
Mandl, Daniel J.
Pederson, Shane
Pivarski, James
Powell, Ray
Spring, Jonathan
Wells, Walt
Xia, John
GP IEEE
TI The Matsu Wheel: A Cloud-based Framework for the Efficient Analysis and
Reanalysis of Earth Satellite Imagery
SO PROCEEDINGS 2016 IEEE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIG DATA
COMPUTING SERVICE AND APPLICATIONS (BIGDATASERVICE 2016)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd IEEE International Conference on Big Data Computing Service and
Applications (BigDataService)
CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2016
CL Oxford, ENGLAND
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, San Jose State Univ, Arizona State Univ, NW Polytechn Univ, Peking Univ, Deakin Univ, Univ Leeds, Taiyuan Univ Technol, Univ Technol Sydney, Univ Ottawa, Beihang Univ, ITC NSTI
ID EO-1
AB Project Matsu is a collaboration between the Open Commons Consortium and NASA focused on developing open source technology for the cloud-based processing of Earth satellite imagery. A particular focus is the development of applications for detecting fires and floods to help support natural disaster detection and relief. Project Matsu has developed an open source cloud-based infrastructure to process, analyze, and reanalyze large collections of hyperspectral satellite image data using Open Stack, Hadoop, MapReduce, Storm and related technologies.
We describe a framework for efficient analysis of large amounts of data called the Matsu "Wheel." The Matsu Wheel is currently used to process incoming hyperspectral satellite data produced daily by NASA's Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite. The framework is designed to be able to support scanning queries using cloud computing applications, such as Hadoop and Accumulo. A scanning query processes all, or most of the data, in a database or data repository.
We also describe our preliminary Wheel analytics, including an anomaly detector for rare spectral signatures or thermal anomalies in hyperspectral data and a land cover classifier that can be used for water and flood detection. Each of these analytics can generate visual reports accessible via the web for the public and interested decision makers. The resultant products of the analytics are also made accessible through an Open Geospatial Compliant (OGC)-compliant Web Map Service (WMS) for further distribution. The Matsu Wheel allows many shared data services to be performed together to efficiently use resources for processing hyperspectral satellite image data and other, e.g., large environmental datasets that may be analyzed for many purposes.
C1 [Patterson, Maria T.; Anderson, Nikolas; Bruggemann, Jacob; Grossman, Robert L.; Powell, Ray; Spring, Jonathan; Xia, John] Univ Chicago, Ctr Data Intens Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Bennett, Collin; Grossman, Robert L.; Pederson, Shane; Pivarski, James] Open Data Grp, River Forest, IL 60305 USA.
[Handy, Matthew; Ly, Vuong; Mandl, Daniel J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Patterson, MT (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Ctr Data Intens Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM mtpatter@uchicago.edu
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-5090-2251-9
PY 2016
BP 156
EP 165
DI 10.1109/BigDataService.2016.39
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BF4WE
UT WOS:000381731800021
ER
PT S
AU Haddad, ZS
Peral, E
Tanelli, S
Sy, O
Stephens, G
AF Haddad, Ziad S.
Peral, Eva
Tanelli, Simone
Sy, Ousmane
Stephens, Graeme
BE Im, E
Kumar, R
Yang, S
TI RaInCube: a proposed constellation of atmospheric profiling radars in
cubesat
SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, CLOUDS, AND PRECIPITATION VI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and
Precipitation VI
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
DE radar; cubesat; precipitation; weather forecasting; climate modeling
AB Numerical climate and weather models depend on measurements from space-borne satellites to complete model validation and improvements. Precipitation profiling capabilities are currently limited to a few instruments deployed in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), which cannot provide the temporal resolution necessary to observe the evolution of short time-scale weather phenomena and improve numerical weather prediction models. A constellation of cloud- and precipitation-profiling instruments in LEO would provide this essential capability, but the cost and timeframe of typical satellite platforms and instruments constitute a possibly prohibitive challenge. A new radar instrument architecture that is compatible with low-cost satellite platforms, such as CubeSats and SmallSats, has been designed at JPL. Its small size, moderate mass and low power requirement enable constellation missions, which will vastly expand our ability to observe weather systems and their dynamics and thermodynamics at sub-diurnal time scales down to the temporal resolutions required to observe developing convection. In turn, this expanded observational ability can revolutionize weather now-casting and medium-range forecasting, and enable crucial model improvements to improve climate predictions.
C1 [Haddad, Ziad S.; Peral, Eva; Tanelli, Simone; Sy, Ousmane; Stephens, Graeme] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Haddad, ZS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM zsh@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0117-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9876
AR UNSP 987606
DI 10.1117/12.2228188
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BF5EN
UT WOS:000381932000001
ER
PT S
AU Jethva, H
Torres, O
Ahn, C
AF Jethva, Hiren
Torres, Omar
Ahn, Changwoo
BE Im, E
Kumar, R
Yang, S
TI A ten-year global record of absorbing aerosols above clouds from OMI's
near-UV observations
SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, CLOUDS, AND PRECIPITATION VI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and
Precipitation VI
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
DE aerosols above clouds; aerosol absorption; color ratio; Ozone Monitoring
Instrument; OMACA
ID RETRIEVAL
AB Aerosol-cloud interaction continues to be one of the leading uncertain components of climate models, primarily due to the lack of an adequate knowledge of the complex microphysical and radiative processes associated with the aerosolcloud system. The situations when aerosols and clouds are found in the same atmospheric column, for instance, when light-absorbing aerosols such as biomass burning generated carbonaceous particles or wind-blown dust overlay low-level cloud decks, are commonly found over several regional of the world. Contrary to the cloud-free scenario over dark surface, for which aerosols are known to produce a net cooling effect (negative radiative forcing) on climate, the overlapping situation of absorbing aerosols over cloud can potentially exert a significant level of atmospheric absorption and produces a positive radiative forcing at top-of-atmosphere. The magnitude of direct radiative effects of aerosols above cloud depends directly on the aerosol loading, microphysical-optical properties of the aerosol layer and the underlying cloud deck, and geometric cloud fraction. We help in addressing this problem by introducing a novel product of optical depth of absorbing aerosols above clouds retrieved from near-UV observations made by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board NASA's Aura platform. The presence of absorbing aerosols above cloud reduces the upwelling radiation reflected by cloud and produces a strong 'color ratio' effect in the near-UV region, which can be unambiguously detected in the OMI measurements. Physically based on this effect, the OMACA algorithm retrieves the optical depths of aerosols and clouds simultaneously under a prescribed state of atmosphere. The algorithm architecture and results from a ten-year global record including global climatology of frequency of occurrence and above-cloud aerosol optical depth, and a discussion on related future field campaigns are presented.
C1 [Jethva, Hiren] Univ Space Res Assoc, 7178 Columbia Gateway Dr, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.
[Jethva, Hiren; Torres, Omar] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Ahn, Changwoo] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
RP Jethva, H (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, 7178 Columbia Gateway Dr, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.; Jethva, H (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0117-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9876
AR UNSP 98761A
DI 10.1117/12.2225765
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BF5EN
UT WOS:000381932000018
ER
PT S
AU Ragi, AR
Sharan, M
Haddad, ZS
AF Ragi, A. R.
Sharan, Maithili
Haddad, Z. S.
BE Im, E
Kumar, R
Yang, S
TI The impact of hydrometeors on the microphysical parameterization in the
WRF modelling system over Southern Peninsular India
SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, CLOUDS, AND PRECIPITATION VI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and
Precipitation VI
CY APR 04-07, 2016
CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA
SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm
HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing
DE Indian monsoon; hydrometeors; microphysics; Purdue-Lin scheme; WRF
ID SIZE DISTRIBUTION; CLOUD MODEL; COORDINATE; CONVECTION; MESOSCALE
AB This study examines the influence of Purdue-Lin microphysical parameterization scheme (Lin et al., 1983) on quantitative precipitation for pre-monsoon/monsoon conditions over southern peninsular India in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. An ideal microphysical scheme has to describe the formation, growth of cloud droplets and ice crystals and fall out as precipitation. Microphysics schemes can be broadly categorized into two types: bin and bulk particle size distribution (Morrison, 2010). Bulk schemes predict one or more bulk quantities and assume some functional form for the particle size distribution. For better parameterization, proper interpretation of these hydrometeors (Cloud Droplets, Raindrops, Ice Crystals and Aggregates, Rimed Ice Particles, Graupel, Hail) and non-hydrometeors (Aerosols vs. Condensation Nuclei vs. Cloud Condensation Nuclei vs. Ice Nuclei) is very important. The Purdue-Lin scheme is a commonly used microphysics scheme in WRF model utilizing the "bulk" particle size distribution, meaning that a particle size distribution is assumed. The intercept parameter (N-0) is, in fact, turns out to be independent of the density. However, in situ observations suggest (Haddad et al., 1996, 1997) that the mass weighted mean diameter is correlated with water content per unit volume (q), leading to the fact that N-0 depends on it. Here, in order to analyze the correlation of droplet size distribution with the convection, we have carried out simulations by implementing a consistent methodology to enforce a correlation between N-0 and q in the Purdue-Lin microphysics scheme in WRF model. The effect of particles in Indian Summer Monsoon has been examined using frequency distribution of rainfall at surface, daily rainfall over the domain and convective available potential energy and convective inhibition. The simulations are conducted by analyzing the maximum rainfall days in the pre-monsoon/monsoon seasons using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) accumulated rainfall data for 24 hours.
C1 [Ragi, A. R.; Sharan, Maithili] Indian Inst Technol Delhi, Ctr Atmospher Sci, New Delhi 110016, India.
[Haddad, Z. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Ragi, AR (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol Delhi, Ctr Atmospher Sci, New Delhi 110016, India.
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0117-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9876
AR UNSP 98762Q
DI 10.1117/12.2223669
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BF5EN
UT WOS:000381932000049
ER
PT J
AU D'Addario, LR
Wang, D
AF D'Addario, Larry R.
Wang, Douglas
GP IEEE
TI A Low-Power Correlator ASIC For Arrays With Many Antennas
SO 2016 UNITED STATES NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE
MEETING (USNC-URSI NRSM)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT United-States-National-Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting
(USNC-URSI NRSM)
CY JAN 06-09, 2016
CL Boulder, CO
SP URSI, United States Natl Comm
AB We report the design of a new application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for use in radio telescope correlators. It supports the construction of correlators for an arbitrarily large number of signals. The ASIC uses an intrinsically low-power architecture along with design techniques and a process that together result in unprecedentedly low power consumption. The design is flexible in that it can support telescopes with almost any number of antennas N. It is intended for use in an "FX" correlator, where a uniform filter bank breaks each signal into separate frequency channels prior to correlation.
C1 [D'Addario, Larry R.; Wang, Douglas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP D'Addario, LR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM ldaddario@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-8678-4
PY 2016
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA BF4WJ
UT WOS:000381740500016
ER
PT J
AU Dinnat, EP
Le Vine, DM
Soldo, Y
Lagerloef, G
Meissner, T
AF Dinnat, Emmanuel P.
Le Vine, David M.
Soldo, Yan
Lagerloef, Gary
Meissner, Thomas
GP IEEE
TI Recent Improvements in L-band Observations of Ocean Salinity by Aquarius
SO 2016 UNITED STATES NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE
MEETING (USNC-URSI NRSM)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT United-States-National-Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting
(USNC-URSI NRSM)
CY JAN 06-09, 2016
CL Boulder, CO
SP URSI, United States Natl Comm
AB Aquarius is an L-band system combining active and passive sensors and has observed the oceans, as well as land and the cryosphere, for almost 4 years. We present the latest improvements in the Aquarius algorithm for the retrieval of sea surface salinity.
C1 [Dinnat, Emmanuel P.; Le Vine, David M.; Soldo, Yan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Lagerloef, Gary] Earth & Space Res, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.
[Meissner, Thomas] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA.
RP Dinnat, EP (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-8678-4
PY 2016
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA BF4WJ
UT WOS:000381740500036
ER
PT S
AU Nadeau, J
Cho, YB
El-Kholy, M
Bedrossian, M
Rider, S
Lindensmith, C
Wallace, JK
AF Nadeau, Jay
Cho, Yong Bin
El-Kholy, Marwan
Bedrossian, Manuel
Rider, Stephanie
Lindensmith, Christian
Wallace, J. Kent
BE Popescu, G
Park, Y
TI Holographic Microscopy for 3D Tracking of Bacteria
SO QUANTITATIVE PHASE IMAGING II
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd Confernce on Quantitative Phase Imaging ((QPI II)
CY FEB 14-17, 2016
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Holography; Microscopy; Motility; tracking; Digital Holographic
Microscopy (DHM); Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI); Phase Contrast;
Kramers-Kronig Relations
ID TO-NOISE RATIO; PHASE-CONTRAST; DIGITAL HOLOGRAPHY; LIVING CELLS;
COMPENSATION; REDUCTION
AB Understanding when, how, and if bacteria swim is key to understanding critical ecological and biological processes, from carbon cycling to infection. Imaging motility by traditional light microscopy is limited by focus depth, requiring cells to be constrained in z. Holographic microscopy offers an instantaneous 3D snapshot of a large sample volume, and is therefore ideal in principle for quantifying unconstrained bacterial motility. However, resolving and tracking individual cells is difficult due to the low amplitude and phase contrast of the cells; the index of refraction of typical bacteria differs from that of water only at the second decimal place. In this work we present a combination of optical and samplehandling approaches to facilitating bacterial tracking by holographic phase imaging. The first is the design of the microscope, which is an off-axis design with the optics along a common path, which minimizes alignment issues while providing all of the advantages of off-axis holography. Second, we use anti-reflective coated etalon glass in the design of sample chambers, which reduce internal reflections. Improvement seen with the antireflective coating is seen primarily in phase imaging, and its quantification is presented here. Finally, dyes may be used to increase phase contrast according to the Kramers-Kronig relations. Results using three test strains are presented, illustrating the different types of bacterial motility characterized by an enteric organism (Escherichia coli), an environmental organism (Bacillus subtilis), and a marine organism (Vibrio alginolyticus). Data processing steps to increase the quality of the phase images and facilitate tracking are also discussed.
C1 [Nadeau, Jay; Cho, Yong Bin; Bedrossian, Manuel; Rider, Stephanie] CALTECH, GALCIT, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Nadeau, Jay; El-Kholy, Marwan] McGill Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B4, Canada.
[Lindensmith, Christian; Wallace, J. Kent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Nadeau, J (reprint author), CALTECH, GALCIT, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-62841-952-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9718
AR UNSP 97182B
DI 10.1117/12.2213021
PG 9
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BF3YA
UT WOS:000380605300056
ER
PT S
AU Lee, HJ
Sherrit, S
Tosi, LP
Colonius, T
AF Lee, Hyeong Jae
Sherrit, Stewart
Tosi, Luis Phillpe
Colonius, Tim
BE Meyendorf, NG
Matikas, TE
Peters, KJ
TI Design and Experimental Evaluation of Flextensional-Cantilever based
Piezoelectric Transducers for Flow Energy Harvesting
SO SMART MATERIALS AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION FOR ENERGY SYSTEMS 2016
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Smart Materials and Nondestructive Evaluation for Energy
Systems 2016
CY MAR 21-23, 2016
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP SPIE, Polytec Inc, OZ Opt Ltd, APS Dynam Inc, TA Electroforce Corp, ElectroForce Syst Grp, Inst Phys, Amer Elements
DE Piezoelectric Devices; flow energy harvesting; transducers;
flextensional; fluid structure interaction
AB Cantilever type piezoelectric harvesters, such as bimorphs, are typically used for vibration induced energy harvesting. However, a major drawback of a piezoelectric bimorph is its brittle nature in harsh environments, precipitating short life-times as well as output power degradation. The emphasis in this work is to design robust, highly efficient piezoelectric harvesters that are capable of generating electrical power in the milliwatt range. Various harvesters were modeled, designed and prototyped, and the flextensional actuator based harvester, where the metal cantilever is mounted and coupled between two flextensional actuators, was found to be a viable alternative to the cantilever type piezoelectric harvesters. Preliminary tests show that these devices equipped with 5x5x36 mm two piezoelectric PZT stacks can produce greater than 50 mW of power under air flow induced vibrations.
C1 [Lee, Hyeong Jae; Sherrit, Stewart] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Tosi, Luis Phillpe; Colonius, Tim] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Lee, HJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0047-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9806
AR 980610
DI 10.1117/12.2219269
PG 8
WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics
SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics
GA BF4JI
UT WOS:000381078800025
ER
PT J
AU Camargo, SJ
Sobel, AH
Delgenio, AD
Jonas, JA
Kelley, M
Lu, Y
Shaevitz, DA
Henderson, N
AF Camargo, Suzana J.
Sobel, Adam H.
Delgenio, Anthony D.
Jonas, Jeffrey A.
Kelley, Maxwell
Lu, Yun
Shaevitz, Daniel A.
Henderson, Naomi
TI Tropical cyclones in the GISS ModelE2
SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Hurricanes; global climate model; climate change
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODELS; LOW-FREQUENCY
VARIABILITY; POTENTIAL INTENSITY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; WARMER
CLIMATE; FUTURE CHANGES; RESOLUTION; SIMULATION; CMIP5
AB The authors describe the characteristics of tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the GISS general circulation ModelE2 with a horizontal resolution 1 degrees x1 degrees. Four model simulations are analysed. In the first, the model is forced with sea surface temperature (SST) from the recent historical climatology. The other three have different idealised climate change simulations, namely (1) a uniform increase of SST by 2 degrees, (2) doubling of the CO2 concentration and (3) a combination of the two. These simulations were performed as part of the US Climate Variability and Predictability Program Hurricane Working Group. Diagnostics of standard measures of TC activity are computed from the recent historical climatological SST simulation and compared with the same measures computed from observations. The changes in TC activity in the three idealised climate change simulations, by comparison with that in the historical climatological SST simulation, are also described. Similar to previous results in the literature, the changes in TC frequency in the simulation with a doubling CO2 and an increase in SST are approximately the linear sum of the TC frequency in the other two simulations. However, in contrast with previous results, in these simulations the effects of CO2 and SST on TC frequency oppose each other. Large-scale environmental variables associated with TC activity are then analysed for the present and future simulations. Model biases in the large-scale fields are identified through a comparison with ERA-Interim reanalysis. Changes in the environmental fields in the future climate simulations are shown and their association with changes in TC activity discussed.
C1 [Camargo, Suzana J.; Sobel, Adam H.; Henderson, Naomi] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Sobel, Adam H.; Shaevitz, Daniel A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA.
[Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA.
[Delgenio, Anthony D.; Jonas, Jeffrey A.; Kelley, Maxwell] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Jonas, Jeffrey A.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA.
[Lu, Yun] Ningbo Meteorol Off, Ningbo, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
RP Camargo, SJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
EM suzana@ldeo.columbia.edu
RI Camargo, Suzana/C-6106-2009
OI Camargo, Suzana/0000-0002-0802-5160
FU NASA Modelling and Analysis Program RTOP at NASA/GISS; NSF [AGS
1143959]; [NASA NNX09AK34G]; [NNX13AM18G]
FX The authors acknowledge the support from the following grants: NASA
NNX09AK34G, NNX13AM18G, NSF AGS 1143959 and a NASA Modelling and
Analysis Program RTOP at NASA/GISS. The authors thank the members of the
US CLIVAR Hurricane Working Group (HWG). They also thank Naomi Henderson
for making the model data available for the HWG and managing the HWG
data set. The model data used here can potentially be made available by
individual requests.
NR 94
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 7
U2 7
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1600-0870
J9 TELLUS A
JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol.
PY 2016
VL 68
AR 31494
DI 10.3402/tellusa.v68.31494
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
GA DS8HZ
UT WOS:000381025400001
ER
PT S
AU Bertagne, CL
Erickson, LR
Sheth, RB
Whitcomb, JD
Hartl, DJ
AF Bertagne, Christopher L.
Erickson, Lisa R.
Sheth, Rubik B.
Whitcomb, John D.
Hartl, Darren J.
BE Park, G
TI Towards Experimental Validation of an Analysis Framework for Morphing
Radiators
SO Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems 2016
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems 2016
CY MAR 21-24, 2016
CL Las Vegas, NE
SP SPIE, Polytec, Inc., OZ Optics, Ltd., APS Dynamics, Inc., The ElectroForce Systems Grp of TA Electroforce Corp, The Inst of Phys, American Elements
DE Morphing radiator; thermal control; adaptive structures; shape memory
alloys
AB Thermal control is an important aspect of spacecraft design, particularly in the case of crewed vehicles, which must maintain a precise internal temperature at all times in spite of sometimes drastic variations in the external thermal environment and internal heat loads. The successes of the Space Shuttle and International Space Station programs have shown that this can be accomplished in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), however, crewed spacecraft traveling beyond LEO are expected to encounter more challenging thermal conditions with significant variations in both the heat rejection requirements and environment temperature. Such missions will require radiator systems with high turndown ratios, defined as the ratio between the maximum and minimum heat rejection rates achievable by the radiator system. Current radiators are only able to achieve turndown ratios of 3:1, far less than the 12:1 turndown ratio which is expected to be required on future missions. An innovative radiator concept, known as a morphing radiator, uses the temperature-induced shape change of shape memory alloy (SMA) materials to achieve a turndown ratio of at least 12:1. Predicting the thermal and structural behavior of SMA-based morphing radiators is challenging due to the presence of two-way thermomechanical coupling that has not been widely considered in the literature. Previous work has demonstrated the application of a technique known as a partitioned analysis procedure which can be used to simulate the behavior of morphing radiators. This work describes ongoing efforts to evaluate the physical accuracy of this approach by conducting validation studies. A detailed finite element model of a morphing radiator is developed and executed using the framework. Preliminary results show close agreement between the experimental data and model predictions, giving additional confidence in the partitioned approach.
C1 [Bertagne, Christopher L.; Whitcomb, John D.; Hartl, Darren J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Erickson, Lisa R.; Sheth, Rubik B.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA.
RP Hartl, DJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM darren.hartl@tamu.edu
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0040-9
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9799
AR UNSP 97990V
DI 10.1117/12.2219277
PN 1
PG 12
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BF3XN
UT WOS:000380592200025
ER
PT S
AU Scheidler, JJ
Asnani, VM
Dapino, MJ
AF Scheidler, Justin J.
Asnani, Vivake M.
Dapino, Marcelo J.
BE Park, G
TI Vibration control via stiffness switching of magnetostrictive
transducers
SO Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems 2016
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems 2016
CY MAR 21-24, 2016
CL Las Vegas, NE
SP SPIE, Polytec, Inc., OZ Optics, Ltd., APS Dynamics, Inc., The ElectroForce Systems Grp of TA Electroforce Corp, The Inst of Phys, American Elements
DE magnetostrictive materials; switched-stiffness vibration control;
stiffness tuning; shunt damping; Terfenol-D
ID PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS; ABSORBER
AB In this paper, a computational study is presented whereby structural vibration control is realized by switching a magnetostrictive transducer between high and low stiffness states. Switching is accomplished by either changing the applied magnetic field with a voltage excitation or changing the shunt impedance on the transducer's coil (i.e., the magnetostrictive material's magnetic boundary condition). Switched-stiffness vibration control is simulated using a lumped mass supported by a damper and the magnetostrictive transducer (mount), which is represented by a nonlinear, electromechanical model. Free vibration of the mass is calculated while varying the mount's stiffness according to a reference switched-stiffness vibration control law. The results reveal that switching the magnetic field produces a change in stiffness along with an incidental actuation force that can significantly degrade the vibration control. Hence, a modified switched-stiffness control law that accounts for the actuation force is proposed and implemented for voltage-controlled stiffness switching. The influence of the magnetomechanical bias condition is discussed. The damping introduced by voltage-controlled stiffness switching is shown to primarily result from active vibration reduction caused by the actuation force, thereby illustrating that the force can be beneficial when the modified control law is used. The merit of magnetostrictive switched-stiffness vibration control is then quantified by comparing the results of voltage- and shunt-controlled stiffness switching to the performance of optimal magnetostrictive shunt damping. For the cases considered, optimal resistive shunt damping attenuates the vibration about 13 % and 36 % faster than voltage- and shunt-controlled stiffness switching, respectively.
C1 [Scheidler, Justin J.] Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Asnani, Vivake M.] NASA, Rotating & Drive Syst Branch, Mat & Struct Div, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Dapino, Marcelo J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, NSF I UCRC Smart Vehicle Concepts, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
RP Scheidler, JJ (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM justin.j.scheidler@nasa.gov
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0040-9
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9799
AR UNSP 979909
DI 10.1117/12.2219738
PN 1
PG 12
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BF3XN
UT WOS:000380592200006
ER
PT B
AU Krantz, TL
Handschuh, RF
AF Krantz, Timothy L.
Handschuh, Robert F.
GP ASME
TI GEAR TOOTH ROOT STRESSES OF A VERY HEAVILY LOADED GEAR PAIR - CASE
STUDY: ORBITER BODY FLAP ACTUATOR PINION AND RING GEAR
SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND
INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 10
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and
Computers and Information in Engineering Conference
CY AUG 02-05, 2015
CL Boston, MA
SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div
AB The space shuttle orbiter's body flap actuator gearing was assessed as a case study of the stresses for very heavily loaded external-internal gear pairs (meshing pinion and ring gear). For many applications, using the high point of single tooth contact (HPSTC) to locate the position of the tooth force is adequate for assessing the maximum tooth root stress condition. But for aerospace gearing such an approach may be inadequate for assessing the stress condition while also simultaneously minimizing mass. In this work specialized contact analyses and finite element methods were used to study gear tooth stresses of body flap actuator gears. The analytical solutions considered the elastic deformations as an inherent part of the solutions. The ratio for the maximum tooth stresses using the HPSTC approach solutions relative to the contact analysis and finite element solutions were 1.40 for the ring gear and 1.28 for the pinion gear.
C1 [Krantz, Timothy L.; Handschuh, Robert F.] NASA, Cleveland, OH 44145 USA.
RP Krantz, TL (reprint author), NASA, Cleveland, OH 44145 USA.
EM timothy.l.krantz@nasa.gov
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5720-5
PY 2016
AR V010T11A005
PG 10
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA BF1NS
UT WOS:000380413500005
ER
PT B
AU Cramer, N
Swei, S
Cheung, K
Teodorescu, M
AF Cramer, Nick
Swei, Sean
Cheung, Kenny
Teodorescu, M.
GP ASME
TI DISCRETE TIME FINITE ELEMENT TRANSFER MATRIX METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR
MODELING AND DECENTRALIZED CONTROL
SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND
INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 8
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and
Computers and Information in Engineering Conference
CY AUG 02-05, 2015
CL Boston, MA
SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div
ID CONTROL DESIGN
AB The current emphasis on increasing aeronautical efficiency is leading the way to a new class of lighter more flexible air-plane materials and structures, which unfortunately can result in aeroelastic instabilities.
To effectively control the wings deformation and shape, appropriate modeling is necessary. Wings are often modeled as cantilever beams using finite element analysis. The drawback of this approach is that large aeroelastic models cannot be used for embedded controllers. Therefore, to effectively control wings shape, a simple, stable and fast equivalent predictive model that can capture the physical problem and could be used for in-flight control is required.
The current paper proposes a Discrete Time Finite Element Transfer Matrix (DT-FETMM) model beam deformation and use it to design a regulator. The advantage of the proposed approach over existing methods is that the proposed controller could be designed to suppress a larger number of vibration modes within the fidelity of the selected time step. We will extend the discrete time transfer matrix method to finite element models and present the decentralized models and controllers for structural control.
C1 [Cramer, Nick; Teodorescu, M.] UC Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Swei, Sean] NASA, Intelligent Syst Div, Ames Res Ctr, Naval Air Stn, Mountain View, CA USA.
[Cheung, Kenny] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Naval Air Stn, Mountain View, CA USA.
RP Cramer, N (reprint author), UC Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM ncramer@ucsc.edu; sean.s.swei@nasa.gov; kenny@nasa.gov;
mteodorescu@soe.ucsc.edu
NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5718-2
PY 2016
AR V008T13A009
PG 11
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA BF1NY
UT WOS:000380414000009
ER
PT S
AU Koshti, AM
AF Koshti, Ajay M.
BE Yu, T
Gyekenyes, AL
Shull, PJ
Wu, HF
TI A Method to Measure and Estimate Normalized Contrast in Infrared Flash
Thermography
SO Nondestructive Characterization and Monitoring of Advanced Materials,
Aerospace, and Civil Infrastructure 2016
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Nondestructive Characterization and Monitoring of Advanced Materials,
Aerospace, and Civil Infrastructure 2016
CY MAR 21-24, 2016
CL LAS VEGAS, NE
SP SPIE, Polytec, Inc., OZ Optics, Ltd., APS Dynamics, Inc., The ElectroForce Systems Grp of TA Electroforce Corp, The Inst of Phys, American Elements
DE normalized contrast; flash infrared thermography
AB The paper presents further development in normalized contrast processing used in flash infrared thermography method. Method of computing normalized image or pixel intensity contrast, and normalized temperature contrast are provided. Methods of converting image contrast to temperature contrast and vice versa are provided. Normalized contrast processing in flash thermography is useful in quantitative analysis of flash thermography data including flaw characterization and comparison of experimental results with simulation. Computation of normalized temperature contrast involves use of flash thermography data acquisition set-up with high reflectivity foil and high emissivity tape such that the foil, tape and test object are imaged simultaneously. Methods of assessing other quantitative parameters such as emissivity of object, afterglow heat flux, reflection temperature change and surface temperature during flash thermography are also provided. Temperature imaging and normalized temperature contrast processing provide certain advantages over normalized image contrast processing by reducing effect of reflected energy in images and measurements, therefore providing better quantitative data. Examples of incorporating afterglow heat-flux and reflection temperature evolution in flash thermography simulation are also discussed.
C1 [Koshti, Ajay M.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Koshti, AM (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0045-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9804
AR UNSP 98041K
DI 10.1117/12.2211676
PG 20
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics
GA BF3XG
UT WOS:000380590300044
ER
PT J
AU Giresi, MM
Grubbs, RD
Portnoy, DS
Driggers, WB
Jones, L
Gold, JR
AF Giresi, Melissa M.
Grubbs, R. Dean
Portnoy, David S.
Driggers, William B., III
Jones, Lisa
Gold, John R.
TI Identification and Distribution of Morphologically Conserved Smoothhound
Sharks in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS;
FAMILY TRIAKIDAE; R-PACKAGE; DNA; MARKERS; INFERENCE
AB Identification of sharks within the genus Mustelus (smoothhound sharks) is problematic because of extensive overlap in external morphology among species. Consequently, species-specific management of smoothhound shark resources is difficult when multiple species inhabit the same geographic region. The species identification and distribution of smoothhound sharks in the northern Gulf of Mexico (the Gulf) were assessed using sequences of mitochondrial DNA, nuclear-encoded microsatellites, and catch data. Phylogenetic analysis of 1,047 base pairs of mitochondrially encoded ND-2 sequences and Bayesian clustering of multilocus genotypes at 15 microsatellites revealed three genetically distinct monophyletic lineages (clades) of smoothhound sharks in the Gulf. Examination of external morphology revealed characters that distinguished each genetically distinct clade, and based on species descriptions and comparisons with the type and other specimens in established collections, the lineages were identified as Smooth Dogfish Mustelus canis, Florida Smoothhound Mustelus norrisi, and Gulf Smoothhound Mustelus sinusmexicanus. Two hundred and eighty-seven smoothhound sharks sampled from across the Gulf were then assigned unequivocally, based on genetic data, to one of the three species. Multifactorial analysis and homogeneity tests of species-specific means versus grand means of spatiotemporal factors (depth, longitude, and month) at capture indicated significant differences among the three species with respect to all three factors. On average, the Smooth Dogfish is found in deeper waters than the Gulf Smoothhound, whereas the Florida Smoothhound inhabits relatively shallow waters. A diagnostic key for the field identification of adult specimens of each species is provided.
C1 [Giresi, Melissa M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, 3258 TAMUS, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Grubbs, R. Dean] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, 3618 Highway 98, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA.
[Portnoy, David S.; Gold, John R.] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Dept Life Sci, Harte Res Inst, Marine Genom Lab, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA.
[Driggers, William B., III; Jones, Lisa] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Post Off Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA.
RP Gold, JR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Dept Life Sci, Harte Res Inst, Marine Genom Lab, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA.
EM goldfish@tamucc.edu
FU National Marine Fisheries Service [NA12NMF4540083]; Texas AgriLife
Research [H-6703]; NOAA GulfSPAN Program; Gulf of Mexico Research
Initiative through the Florida Institute of Oceanography; Deep-C
Consortium
FX We thank G. Skomal (Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries); J.
Imhoff and C. Peterson (Florida State University Coastal and Marine
Laboratory); S. Gulak, K. Hannan, and C. Jones (National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration); M. Drymon and A. Kroetz (Dauphin Island Sea
Laboratory); T. Wiley-Lescher (Texas Parks and Wildlife Department); and
M. Nalovic (Comite Regional de Peche a Maritime et Elevage Marine de
Guyane) for assistance with the procurement of specimens and tissues. We
also thank G. Naylor (University of Charleston) for providing an ND-2
sequence of Galeorhinus galeus; C. Caster, C. Hollenbeck, J. Puritz, and
M. Renshaw for assistance in the laboratory; and B. Sterba-Boatwright
for assistance with statistical analysis. This work was supported by the
Cooperative Research Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service
(NA12NMF4540083) and Texas AgriLife Research (Project H-6703). Field
collections by R.D.G. were made possible by funding from the NOAA
GulfSPAN Program and the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through the
Florida Institute of Oceanography and the Deep-C Consortium. This
article is number 102 in the series Genetic Studies in Marine Fishes and
publication number 8 of the Marine Genomics Laboratory at Texas A&M
University-Corpus Christi.
NR 42
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PY 2016
VL 145
IS 6
BP 1301
EP 1310
DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1069212
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA DS1PT
UT WOS:000380369100018
ER
PT B
AU Grip, HF
San Martin, M
Jain, A
Balaram, B
Cameron, J
Myint, S
AF Grip, Havard Fjaer
San Martin, Miguel
Jain, Abhinandan
Balaram, Bob
Cameron, Jonathan
Myint, Steven
GP ASME
TI MODELING AND SIMULATION OF ASTEROID CAPTURE USING A DEFORMABLE MEMBRANE
CAPTURE DEVICE
SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND
INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 6
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and
Computers and Information in Engineering Conference
CY AUG 02-05, 2015
CL Boston, MA
SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div
AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration have recently been investigating a mission concept known as the Asteroid Redirect Mission, aimed at collecting a large amount of asteroid material and transporting it into lunar orbit for inspection by human astronauts. Of the two mission options that have been considered, one involves the capture of an entire near-Earth asteroid in the 10-m class by a robotic spacecraft. The spacecraft would first make contact with the asteroid through a deformable membrane, before securing it inside a large flexible bagging mechanism. In this paper we describe the development and implementation of a model designed for simulation of the capture process, which includes a low-complexity representation of the interaction dynamics.
C1 [Grip, Havard Fjaer; San Martin, Miguel; Jain, Abhinandan; Balaram, Bob; Cameron, Jonathan; Myint, Steven] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Grip, HF (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5716-8
PY 2016
AR V006T10A036
PG 10
WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Biophysics; Engineering
GA BF1NR
UT WOS:000380413400036
ER
PT B
AU Gross, J
Mukherjee, R
AF Gross, Johannes
Mukherjee, Rudranarayan
GP ASME
TI INTEGRATING MULTIBODY SIMULATIONS WITH SYSML
SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND
INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 6
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and
Computers and Information in Engineering Conference
CY AUG 02-05, 2015
CL Boston, MA
SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div
AB In this paper we will show an integration of a JPL-internal multi body simulation tool within the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) tool MagicDraw. The SysML provides the means to model requirements, functions, structure and behavior of a system. Integrating a multi body physics simulation with this language creates a seamless way to combine system level questions with the detailed design. The integration allows for the import and export of the simulation models as well as the definition of metrics on the simulation. The system model can be used to express the requirements, the tests that verify the satisfaction and the implementation of the system according to these requirements. Having all the different aspects in one central model reduces the thread of inconsistencies through reuse and linking of model elements. The SysML model allows for an easier creation of large models and the integration with other disciplines is already prepared.
C1 [Gross, Johannes; Mukherjee, Rudranarayan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA.
RP Gross, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA.
EM johannes.gross@jpl.nasa.gov; Rudranarayan.M.Mukherjee@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5716-8
PY 2016
AR V006T10A038
PG 6
WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Biophysics; Engineering
GA BF1NR
UT WOS:000380413400038
ER
PT B
AU Kim, J
Mukherjee, R
AF Kim, Junggon
Mukherjee, Rudranarayan
GP ASME
TI A QP-BASED APPROACH TO KINEMATIC MOTION PLANNING OF MULTIBODY SYSTEMS
SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND
INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 6
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and
Computers and Information in Engineering Conference
CY AUG 02-05, 2015
CL Boston, MA
SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div
AB This article presents a quadratic programming (QP) based approach to local kinematic motion planning of general multi body robotic systems. Given kinematic constraints and targets such as desired positions and orientations in Cartesian space, we find locally optimal joint velocities toward the targets at every time step by formulating the problem into a constrained optimization with a quadratic objective function and linear constraints in terms of the joint velocities. The solution is integrated to obtain the joint displacements at the next time step, and this process is repeated until reaching the targets or converging to a certain configuration. Our formulation based on relative Tacobian is particularly useful in handling constraints on relative motions, which arises in many practical problems such as dual-arm manipulation and self-collision avoidance, in a concise manner. A brief overview of our software implementation and its applications to manipulation and mobility planning of a simulated multi limbed robot are also presented.
C1 [Kim, Junggon; Mukherjee, Rudranarayan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91030 USA.
RP Kim, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91030 USA.
EM Junggon.Kim@jpl.nasa.gov; Rudranarayan.M.Mukherjee@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5716-8
PY 2016
AR V006T10A020
PG 6
WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Biophysics; Engineering
GA BF1NR
UT WOS:000380413400020
ER
PT J
AU Andela, N
van der Werf, GR
Kaiser, J
van Leeuwen, TT
Wooster, MJ
Lehmann, CER
AF Andela, Niels
van der Werf, Guido R.
Kaiser, JohannesW.
van Leeuwen, Thijs T.
Wooster, Martin J.
Lehmann, Caroline E. R.
TI Biomass burning fuel consumption dynamics in the tropics and subtropics
assessed from satellite
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID GLOBAL FIRE EMISSIONS; BURNED-AREA PRODUCTS; SOUTHERN AFRICA;
INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; SAVANNA ECOSYSTEMS;
NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; COVER CHANGE; WOODY COVER; TRACE GASES
AB Landscape fires occur on a large scale in (sub)tropical savannas and grasslands, affecting ecosystem dynamics, regional air quality and concentrations of atmospheric trace gasses. Fuel consumption per unit of area burned is an important but poorly constrained parameter in fire emission modelling. We combined satellite-derived burned area with fire radiative power (FRP) data to derive fuel consumption estimates for land cover types with low tree cover in South America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Australia. We developed a new approach to estimate fuel consumption, based on FRP data from the polar-orbiting Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the geostationary Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) in combination with MODIS burned-area estimates. The fuel consumption estimates based on the geostationary and polar-orbiting instruments showed good agreement in terms of spatial patterns. We used field measurements of fuel consumption to constrain our results, but the large variation in fuel consumption in both space and time complicated this comparison and absolute fuel consumption estimates remained more uncertain. Spatial patterns in fuel consumption could be partly explained by vegetation productivity and fire return periods. In South America, most fires occurred in savannas with relatively long fire return periods, resulting in comparatively high fuel consumption as opposed to the more frequently burning savannas in Sub-Saharan Africa. Strikingly, we found the infrequently burning interior of Australia to have higher fuel consumption than the more productive but frequently burning savannas in northern Australia. Vegetation type also played an important role in explaining the distribution of fuel consumption, by affecting both fuel build-up rates and fire return periods. Hummock grasslands, which were responsible for a large share of Australian biomass burning, showed larger fuel build-up rates than equally productive grasslands in Africa, although this effect might have been partially driven by the presence of grazers in Africa or differences in landscape management. Finally, land management in the form of deforestation and agriculture also considerably affected fuel consumption regionally. We conclude that combining FRP and burned-area estimates, calibrated against field measurements, is a promising approach in deriving quantitative estimates of fuel consumption. Satellite-derived fuel consumption estimates may both challenge our current understanding of spatiotemporal fuel consumption dynamics and serve as reference datasets to improve biogeochemical modelling approaches. Future field studies especially designed to validate satellite-based products, or airborne remote sensing, may further improve confidence in the absolute fuel consumption estimates which are quickly becoming the weakest link in fire emission estimates.
C1 [Andela, Niels; van der Werf, Guido R.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Andela, Niels] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kaiser, JohannesW.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany.
[van Leeuwen, Thijs T.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[van Leeuwen, Thijs T.] Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[van Leeuwen, Thijs T.] VanderSat BV, Space Business Pk,Huygensstr 34, NL-2201 DK Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Wooster, Martin J.] Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, Environm Monitoring & Modelling Res Grp, London WC2R 2LS, England.
[Wooster, Martin J.] NERC Natl Ctr Earth Observat NCEO, Reading, Berks, England.
[Lehmann, Caroline E. R.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland.
RP Andela, N (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Andela, N (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM niels.andela@nasa.gov
RI van der Werf, Guido/M-8260-2016
OI van der Werf, Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630
FU EU [283576, 633080]; European Research Council (ERC) [280061]
FX The authors would like to thank the two reviewers for their constructive
remarks and the data providing agencies (NASA and EUMETSAT LSA SAF) for
making their data publicly available. This study was funded by the EU in
the FP7 and H2020 projects MACC-II and MACC-III (contract nos. 283576
and 633080) and the European Research Council (ERC), grant number
280061.
NR 80
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 7
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
EI 1726-4189
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 12
BP 3717
EP 3734
DI 10.5194/bg-13-3717-2016
PG 18
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA DQ7ZG
UT WOS:000379427700014
ER
PT J
AU Chang, JF
Ciais, P
Herrero, M
Havlik, P
Campioli, M
Zhang, XZ
Bai, YF
Viovy, N
Joiner, J
Wang, XH
Peng, SS
Yue, C
Piao, SL
Wang, T
Hauglustaine, DA
Soussana, JF
Peregon, A
Kosykh, N
Mironycheva-Tokareva, N
AF Chang, Jinfeng
Ciais, Philippe
Herrero, Mario
Havlik, Petr
Campioli, Matteo
Zhang, Xianzhou
Bai, Yongfei
Viovy, Nicolas
Joiner, Joanna
Wang, Xuhui
Peng, Shushi
Yue, Chao
Piao, Shilong
Wang, Tao
Hauglustaine, Didier A.
Soussana, Jean-Francois
Peregon, Anna
Kosykh, Natalya
Mironycheva-Tokareva, Nina
TI Combining livestock production information in a process-based vegetation
model to reconstruct the history of grassland management
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID PASTURE SIMULATION-MODEL; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LAND-COVER;
CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; EUROPEAN GRASSLANDS; GLOBAL DATABASE; CARBON
BALANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DATA SET; BIOMASS
AB Grassland management type (grazed or mown) and intensity (intensive or extensive) play a crucial role in the greenhouse gas balance and surface energy budget of this biome, both at field scale and at large spatial scale. However, global gridded historical information on grassland management intensity is not available. Combining modelled grass-biomass productivity with statistics of the grass-biomass demand by livestock, we reconstruct gridded maps of grassland management intensity from 1901 to 2012. These maps include the minimum area of managed vs. maximum area of unmanaged grasslands and the fraction of mown vs. grazed area at a resolution of 0.5A degrees by 0.5A degrees. The grass-biomass demand is derived from a livestock dataset for 2000, extended to cover the period 1901-2012. The grass-biomass supply (i.e. forage grass from mown grassland and biomass grazed) is simulated by the process-based model ORCHIDEE-GM driven by historical climate change, risingaEuro-CO2 concentration, and changes in nitrogen fertilization. The global area of managed grassland obtained in this study increases from 6.1aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-10(6)aEuro-km(2) in 1901 to 12.3aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-10(6)aEuro-km(2) in 2000, although the expansion pathway varies between different regions. ORCHIDEE-GM also simulated augmentation in global mean productivity and herbage-use efficiency over managed grassland during the 20th century, indicating a general intensification of grassland management at global scale but with regional differences. The gridded grassland management intensity maps are model dependent because they depend on modelled productivity. Thus specific attention was given to the evaluation of modelled productivity against a series of observations from site-level net primary productivity (NPP) measurements to two global satellite products of gross primary productivity (GPP) (MODIS-GPP and SIF data). Generally, ORCHIDEE-GM captures the spatial pattern, seasonal cycle, and interannual variability of grassland productivity at global scale well and thus is appropriate for global applications presented here.
C1 [Chang, Jinfeng; Ciais, Philippe; Viovy, Nicolas; Yue, Chao; Hauglustaine, Didier A.; Peregon, Anna] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, UMR8212, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Chang, Jinfeng] Sorbonne Univ UPMC, CNRS IRD MNHN, LOCEAN IPSL, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
[Herrero, Mario] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Agr Flagship, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
[Havlik, Petr] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Ecosyst Serv & Management Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
[Campioli, Matteo] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Ctr Excellence PLECO Plant & Vegetat Ecol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
[Zhang, Xianzhou] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Ecosyst Network Observat & Modeling, Lhasa Plateau Ecosyst Res Stn, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
[Bai, Yongfei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China.
[Joiner, Joanna] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Wang, Xuhui] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Meteorol Dynam, F-75005 Paris, France.
[Wang, Xuhui; Peng, Shushi; Piao, Shilong] Peking Univ, Sino French Inst Earth Syst Sci, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Yue, Chao] CNRS, Grenoble, France.
[Yue, Chao] UJF Grenoble 1, LGGE, UMR5183, Grenoble, France.
[Wang, Tao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Alpine Ecol & Biodivers, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Tao] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
[Soussana, Jean-Francois] INRA, Ctr Siege, CODIR Coll Direct UAR0233, Paris, France.
[Peregon, Anna; Kosykh, Natalya; Mironycheva-Tokareva, Nina] SB RAS, Inst Soil Sci & Agrochem, Pr Akad Lavrentyeva 8-2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
RP Chang, JF (reprint author), CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, UMR8212, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.; Chang, JF (reprint author), Sorbonne Univ UPMC, CNRS IRD MNHN, LOCEAN IPSL, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
EM jinfeng.chang@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr
RI Campioli, Matteo/N-9380-2015; Soussana, Jean-Francois/P-2094-2016;
Herrero, Mario/A-6678-2015
OI Soussana, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-1932-6583; Herrero,
Mario/0000-0002-7741-5090
FU European Union [603864, 282700]; ERC Synergy grant [ERC-2013-SyG-610028
IMBALANCE-P]; European Commission [603542]
FX We thank the editor and the two anonymous referees for their valuable
review comments, which helped to greatly improve the paper. We
gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Union Seventh Framework
Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant no. 603864 (HELIX). Philippe Ciais
and Shushi Peng acknowledge support from the ERC Synergy grant
ERC-2013-SyG-610028 IMBALANCE-P. Matteo Campioli is a postdoctoral
fellow at the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO). Chao Yue is
supported by the European Commission-funded project LUC4C (grant no.
603542). Tao Wang is funded by European Union FP7-ENV project PAGE21
(grant no. 282700). We thank those who developed the EC-JRC-MARS dataset
((c) European Union, 2011-2014) created by MeteoConsult based on ECWMF
(European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts) model outputs and a
reanalysis of ERA-Interim. We greatly thank John Gash for his effort on
English language editing.
NR 80
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 17
U2 29
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
EI 1726-4189
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 12
BP 3757
EP 3776
DI 10.5194/bg-13-3757-2016
PG 20
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA DQ7ZG
UT WOS:000379427700016
ER
PT B
AU Sabelhaus, AP
Ji, H
Hylton, P
Madaan, Y
Yang, C
Agogino, AM
Friesen, J
SunSpiral, V
AF Sabelhaus, Andrew P.
Ji, Hao
Hylton, Patrick
Madaan, Yakshu
Yang, ChanWoo
Agogino, Alice M.
Friesen, Jeffrey
SunSpiral, Vytas
GP ASME
TI MECHANISM DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF THE ULTRA SPINE, A TENSEGRITY ROBOT
SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND
INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 5A
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and
Computers and Information in Engineering Conference
CY AUG 02-05, 2015
CL Boston, MA
SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div
ID WALKING
AB The Underactuated Lightweight Tensegrity Robotic Assistive Spine (ULTRA Spine) project is an ongoing effort to create a compliant, cable-driven, 3-degree-of-freedom, underactuated tensegrity core for quadruped robots. This work presents simulations and preliminary mechanism designs of that robot. Design goals and the iterative design process for an ULTRA Spine prototype are discussed. Inverse kinematics simulations are used to develop engineering characteristics for the robot, and forward kinematics simulations are used to verify these parameters. Then, multiple novel mechanism designs are presented that address challenges for this structure, in the context of design for prototyping and assembly. These include the spine robot's multiple-gear-ratio actuators, spine link structure, spine link assembly locks, and the multiple-spring cable compliance system.
C1 [Sabelhaus, Andrew P.; Ji, Hao; Hylton, Patrick; Madaan, Yakshu; Yang, ChanWoo; Agogino, Alice M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA.
[Friesen, Jeffrey] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[SunSpiral, Vytas] NASA, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Intelligent Robot Grp, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Sabelhaus, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA.
EM apsabelhaus@berkeley.edu; hao.ji@berkeley.edu; pbhylton@berkeley.edu;
yakshu.madaan@berkeley.edu; chanwoo.yang@berkeley.edu;
agogino@berkeley.edu; jfriesen@ucsd.edu; vytas.sunspiral@nasa.gov
NR 41
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5712-0
PY 2016
AR V05AT08A059
PG 12
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics
SC Engineering; Robotics
GA BF1NK
UT WOS:000380412700059
ER
PT B
AU Hartley, TT
Veillette, RJ
Adams, JL
Lorenzo, CF
AF Hartley, Tom T.
Veillette, Robert J.
Adams, Jay L.
Lorenzo, Carl F.
GP ASME
TI ENERGY STORED IN FRACTIONAL-ORDER ELEMENTS WITH CONSTANT INPUTS
SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND
INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 9
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and
Computers and Information in Engineering Conference
CY AUG 02-05, 2015
CL Boston, MA
SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div
DE Fractional-order system; initialization; energy
ID SYSTEMS
AB The internal efficiency of the energy storage in a general fractional-order circuit element is analyzed. By use of distributed-circuit representations, integral expressions are derived for the energy stored in a fractional-order integrator or a fractional-order differentiator for any given profile of the distributed state. For either constant-current or constant voltage charging, these expressions for the stored energy are evaluated and compared with the energy supplied at the terminals of the element, so that the efficiency of the charging process is determined. The result is found to verify a published conjecture on the constant-input charging efficiency of the fractional-order elements.
C1 [Hartley, Tom T.; Veillette, Robert J.; Adams, Jay L.] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
[Lorenzo, Carl F.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Hartley, TT (reprint author), Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
EM thartley@uakron.edu; veillet@uakron.edu; jla36@uakron.edu;
Carl.f.lorenzo@nasa.gov
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5719-9
PY 2016
PG 9
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA BF1NX
UT WOS:000380413900044
ER
PT B
AU Hartley, TT
Lorenzo, CF
AF Hartley, Tom T.
Lorenzo, Carl F.
GP ASME
TI REALIZATIONS FOR DETERMINING THE ENERGY STORED IN FRACTIONAL-ORDER
OPERATORS
SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND
INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 9
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and
Computers and Information in Engineering Conference
CY AUG 02-05, 2015
CL Boston, MA
SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div
DE Fractional-order system; impedance; admittance; realizations; energy
AB The purpose of this paper is to determine physical electrical circuits, in both impedance and admittance forms, that match fractional-order integrators and differentiators, namely 1/s(q) and s(q). Then, using these idealized infinite-dimensional circuits, the energy storage and loss expressions for them are determined, carefully relating the associated infinite dimensional state variables to physically meaningful quantities. The resulting realizations and energy expressions allow a variety of implementations for understanding the transient behavior of fractional-order systems.
C1 [Hartley, Tom T.] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
[Lorenzo, Carl F.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Hartley, TT (reprint author), Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
EM thartley@uakron.edu; Carl.F.Lorenzo@nasa.gov
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5719-9
PY 2016
PG 7
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA BF1NX
UT WOS:000380413900024
ER
PT B
AU Hartley, TT
Trigeassou, JC
Lorenzo, CF
Maamri, N
AF Hartley, Tom T.
Trigeassou, Jean-Claude
Lorenzo, Carl F.
Maamri, Nezha
GP ASME
TI INITIALIZATION ENERGY IN FRACTIONAL-ORDER SYSTEMS
SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND
INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 9
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and
Computers and Information in Engineering Conference
CY AUG 02-05, 2015
CL Boston, MA
SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div
DE Fractional-order system; initialization; energy
ID TRANSIENTS
AB This paper seeks a deeper understanding of the need for time varying initialization of fractional-order systems. Specifically, the paper determines the energy stored in a fractional-order element based on the history of the element, and shows how this initialization energy is manifest into the future as an initialization function. Further, it is shown that infinite energy is required to initialize a fractional-order system when using the Caputo derivative Laplace transform.
C1 [Hartley, Tom T.] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
[Trigeassou, Jean-Claude] Univ Bordeaux 1, F-33405 Talence, France.
[Lorenzo, Carl F.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Maamri, Nezha] Univ Poitiers, ENSIP, LIAS, F-86000 Poitiers, France.
RP Hartley, TT (reprint author), Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
EM thartley@uakron.edu; jean-claude.tripeassou@ims-bordeaux.fr;
Carl.F.Lorenzo@nasa.gov; nezha.maamri@univ-poitiers.fr
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5719-9
PY 2016
PG 7
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA BF1NX
UT WOS:000380413900023
ER
PT B
AU Lorenzo, CF
Hartley, TT
AF Lorenzo, Carl F.
Hartley, Tom T.
GP ASME
TI MATHEMATICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE SPIRAL AND RING GALAXY MORPHOLOGIES
BASED ON THE FRACTIONAL TRIGONOMETRY
SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND
INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 9
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and
Computers and Information in Engineering Conference
CY AUG 02-05, 2015
CL Boston, MA
SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div
DE spiral galaxies; ring galaxies; galaxy classification; galaxy
morphology; fractional trigonometry; fractional spirals; fractional
differential equations
ID PRELIMINARY LUMINOSITY CLASSIFICATION; STELLAR POPULATION; FORMS
AB The ongoing development of the fractional trigonometry has created a new set of spiral functions, the fractional spiral functions. These spirals include both barred and normal spirals in a common formulation. This paper studies the applicability of the fractional spirals to the mathematical classification of spiral and ring galaxy morphologies. The fractional spirals are found to provide a high quality fit to a variety of ring and spiral galaxies over a significant range of the spiral length. Further, the r-s character of the de Vaucouleurs classification is found to relate to particular parameters of the spirals. Additional benefits include; direct inference of galaxies inclination, estimates of major deviations of the galaxy optical center from the geometric center, and further application of the mathematical description of the galaxy morphology.
C1 [Lorenzo, Carl F.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Hartley, Tom T.] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
RP Lorenzo, CF (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM Carl.F.Lorenzo@nasa.gov; thartley@uakron.edu
NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5719-9
PY 2016
PG 19
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA BF1NX
UT WOS:000380413900022
ER
PT B
AU Scholten, W
Hartl, D
Strganac, T
Turner, T
AF Scholten, William
Hartl, Darren
Strganac, Thomas
Turner, Travis
GP ASME
TI REDUCTION OF ACTUATION LOADS IN A SELF-DEPLOYING SMA-BASED SLAT-COVE
FILLER FOR A TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT
SO ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT
SYSTEMS, 2015, VOL 2
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent
Systems
CY SEP 21-23, 2015
CL Colorado Springs, CO
SP ASME, Aerospace Div
AB During low speed maneuvers such as approach and landing, a significant component of the total environmental noise produced by a typical transport aircraft is associated with flow over the airframe, termed airframe noise. A key contributor to airframe noise is the leading-edge-slat, a high-lift device. Previous work showed that a slat-cove filler (SCF) may be effective at reducing the slat noise and optimal designs for an SMA-based SCF have been determined, considering stow/deploy and aerodynamic loads as well as other constraints for two realistic airframe configurations such that actuation force was minimized as the design objective. The objective of this current work is to further reduce the actuation force required to retract the SCF by an auxiliary method. The methods considered for force reduction are 1) utilization of structural instabilities in the SCF, 2) addition of auxiliary SMA actuators, and 3) replacement of selected metallic regions of the SCF with more compliant polymer-based alternatives. These methods are investigated using finite element analysis (FEA) models based on a physical bench-top model developed previously. The FEA models are also capable of modeling contact, complex load cases, and they benefit from the use of a custom user subroutine that captures the pseudoelastic response of SMA materials. For each of the three force reduction concepts considered, design optimizations are conducted using open source optimization codes and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. An overall best design is proposed.
C1 [Scholten, William; Hartl, Darren; Strganac, Thomas] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Turner, Travis] NASA, Struct Acoust Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Scholten, W (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5730-4
PY 2016
AR V002T04A016
PG 11
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA BF0YF
UT WOS:000379884200016
ER
PT J
AU Lachir, A
Bounoua, L
Zhang, P
Thome, K
Messouli, M
AF Lachir, Asia
Bounoua, Lahouari
Zhang, Ping
Thome, Kurtis
Messouli, Mohamed
TI Modeling the Urban Impact on Semiarid Surface Climate: A Case Study in
Marrakech, Morocco
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID HEAT-ISLAND; PARAMETERIZATION SIB2; ATMOSPHERIC GCMS; PART I;
SIMULATIONS; SENSITIVITY; FORMULATION; GENERATION; BALANCE; CITIES
AB We combine Landsat and MODIS data in the simple biosphere model to assess the impact of urbanization on surface climate in Marrakech, circa 2010.We find the growing season surface temperature differences between urban and other cover types to vary between 1.6 degrees C and 6.0 degrees C at 1:00 p.m., and between 0.7 degrees C and 1.1 degrees C at 5:00 a.m., local time. Annually however, the built-up area warmed the city 0.3 degrees C during daytime and 0.1 degrees C at night compared to a simulated preurban situation in which the area was fully vegetated. A complete urbanization of the area would decrease its carbon uptake by 0.13 tons and increase its daytime surface temperature by 1.3 degrees C, with 5.72% increase in energy consumption. However, in a smart urban growth scenario, we assume the build-up to cover 50% of the area, allowing it to occur first on bare lands, and then we convert all remaining bare lands to orchards; this would counterbalance 60% of daytime warming and sequester 31% more carbon, compared to the actual situation.We find irrigated golf courses to be the most water-consuming covers types, requiring 15times the region's summer rainfall, and urban areas to distribute 43.8% of incoming precipitation as surface runoff versus only 16.74% for all other cover types combined. This can be a predictor for flash floods.
C1 [Lachir, Asia; Messouli, Mohamed] Cadi Ayyad Univ, Fac Sci Semlalia, Dept Environm Sci, BP 2390,Blvd Prince My Abdellah, Marrakech 40000, Morocco.
[Bounoua, Lahouari; Zhang, Ping; Thome, Kurtis] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Zhang, Ping] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Zhang, Ping] Sci Syst Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd 600,20, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
RP Lachir, A (reprint author), Cadi Ayyad Univ, Fac Sci Semlalia, Dept Environm Sci, BP 2390,Blvd Prince My Abdellah, Marrakech 40000, Morocco.
EM Asia.lachir@edu.uca.ma
FU Fulbright Joint Supervision Program
FX During her stay at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Asia Lachir was
fully funded by the Fulbright Joint Supervision Program.
NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS & SPACE INST
PI KANATA
PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA
SN 0703-8992
EI 1712-7971
J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS
JI Can. J. Remote Sens.
PY 2016
VL 42
IS 4
BP 379
EP 395
DI 10.1080/07038992.2016.1194746
PG 17
WC Remote Sensing
SC Remote Sensing
GA DR4BO
UT WOS:000379846700007
ER
PT J
AU Tedesco, M
Doherty, S
Fettweis, X
Alexander, P
Jeyaratnam, J
Stroeve, J
AF Tedesco, Marco
Doherty, Sarah
Fettweis, Xavier
Alexander, Patrick
Jeyaratnam, Jeyavinoth
Stroeve, Julienne
TI The darkening of the Greenland ice sheet: trends, drivers, and
projections (1981-2100)
SO CRYOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE MASS-BALANCE; LIGHT-ABSORBING IMPURITIES; REGIONAL CLIMATE
MODEL; BLACK CARBON; ARCTIC SNOW; WEST GREENLAND; ABLATION ZONE;
ENERGY-BALANCE; UNITED-STATES; DARK REGION
AB The surface energy balance and meltwater production of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) are modulated by snow and ice albedo through the amount of absorbed solar radiation. Here we show, using space-borne multispectral data collected during the 3 decades from 1981 to 2012, that summertime surface albedo over the GrIS decreased at a statistically significant (99 %) rate of 0.02aEuro-decade(-1) between 1996 and 2012. Over the same period, albedo modelled by the ModSle Atmosph,rique R,gionale (MAR) also shows a decrease, though at a lower rate (similar to-0.01aEuro-decade(-1)) than that obtained from space-borne data. We suggest that the discrepancy between modelled and measured albedo trends can be explained by the absence in the model of processes associated with the presence of light-absorbing impurities. The negative trend in observed albedo is confined to the regions of the GrIS that undergo melting in summer, with the dry-snow zone showing no trend. The period 1981-1996 also showed no statistically significant trend over the whole GrIS. Analysis of MAR outputs indicates that the observed albedo decrease is attributable to the combined effects of increased near-surface air temperatures, which enhanced melt and promoted growth in snow grain size and the expansion of bare ice areas, and to trends in light-absorbing impurities (LAI) on the snow and ice surfaces. Neither aerosol models nor in situ and remote sensing observations indicate increasing trends in LAI in the atmosphere over Greenland. Similarly, an analysis of the number of fires and BC emissions from fires points to the absence of trends for such quantities. This suggests that the apparent increase of LAI in snow and ice might be related to the exposure of a 'dark band' of dirty ice and to increased consolidation of LAI at the surface with melt, not to increased aerosol deposition. Albedo projections through to the end of the century under different warming scenarios consistently point to continued darkening, with albedo anomalies averaged over the whole ice sheet lower by 0.08 in 2100 than in 2000, driven solely by a warming climate. Future darkening is likely underestimated because of known underestimates in modelled melting (as seen in hindcasts) and because the model albedo scheme does not currently include the effects of LAI, which have a positive feedback on albedo decline through increased melting, grain growth, and darkening.
C1 [Tedesco, Marco] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA.
[Tedesco, Marco; Alexander, Patrick; Jeyaratnam, Jeyavinoth] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Doherty, Sarah] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Fettweis, Xavier] Univ Liege, Liege, Belgium.
[Alexander, Patrick] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA.
[Stroeve, Julienne] Univ Boulder, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Tedesco, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA.; Tedesco, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM cryocity@gmail.com
OI Fettweis, Xavier/0000-0002-4140-3813
FU NSF [PLR1304807, ANS 0909388]; NASA [NNX1498G]
FX M. Tedesco and P. Alexander were supported by NSF grants PLR1304807 and
ANS 0909388, and NASA grant NNX1498G. The authors are grateful to Kostas
Tsirigadis (NASA GISS) for providing the outputs of GISS modelE of the
AeroCom phase II project and to Marie Dumont, Eric Brun, and Samuel
Morin for the data used in Fig. 13.
NR 71
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 12
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1994-0416
EI 1994-0424
J9 CRYOSPHERE
JI Cryosphere
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 2
BP 477
EP 496
DI 10.5194/tc-10-477-2016
PG 20
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA DQ7TW
UT WOS:000379411800001
ER
PT J
AU Bondzio, JH
Seroussi, H
Morlighem, M
Kleiner, T
Ruckamp, M
Humbert, A
Larour, EY
AF Bondzio, Johannes H.
Seroussi, Helene
Morlighem, Mathieu
Kleiner, Thomas
Rueckamp, Martin
Humbert, Angelika
Larour, Eric Y.
TI Modelling calving front dynamics using a level-set method: application
to Jakobshavn Isbrae, West Greenland
SO CRYOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID ICE-SHEET; GLACIER DYNAMICS; SPEED-UP; ANTARCTICA; EVOLUTION; VELOCITY;
CLIMATE; FLOW
AB Calving is a major mechanism of ice discharge of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets, and a change in calving front position affects the entire stress regime of marine terminating glaciers. The representation of calving front dynamics in a 2-D or 3-D ice sheet model remains non-trivial. Here, we present the theoretical and technical framework for a level-set method, an implicit boundary tracking scheme, which we implement into the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM). This scheme allows us to study the dynamic response of a drainage basin to user-defined calving rates. We apply the method to Jakobshavn Isbr', a major marine terminating outlet glacier of the West Greenland Ice Sheet. The model robustly reproduces the high sensitivity of the glacier to calving, and we find that enhanced calving triggers significant acceleration of the ice stream. Upstream acceleration is sustained through a combination of mechanisms. However, both lateral stress and ice influx stabilize the ice stream. This study provides new insights into the ongoing changes occurring at Jakobshavn Isbr' and emphasizes that the incorporation of moving boundaries and dynamic lateral effects, not captured in flow-line models, is key for realistic model projections of sea level rise on centennial timescales.
C1 [Bondzio, Johannes H.; Kleiner, Thomas; Rueckamp, Martin; Humbert, Angelika] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany.
[Seroussi, Helene; Larour, Eric Y.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Morlighem, Mathieu] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA.
[Humbert, Angelika] Univ Bremen, Fac Geosci 05, Bremen, Germany.
RP Bondzio, JH (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany.
EM jbondzio@uci.edu
OI Kleiner, Thomas/0000-0001-7825-5765
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cryospheric Sciences, and
Modeling, Analysis and Prediction programs
FX A. Humbert acknowledges support of the DLR proposal HYD2059 which
provides TerraSAR-X data for the project HGF-Alliance Remote Sensing and
Earth System Dynamics. H. Seroussi, M. Morlighem, and E. Y. Larour are
supported by grants from the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, Cryospheric Sciences, and Modeling, Analysis and
Prediction programs. The authors thank the referees G. Jouvet and J.
Bassis as well as the editor O. Gagliardini for their helpful and
insightful comments.
NR 51
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1994-0416
EI 1994-0424
J9 CRYOSPHERE
JI Cryosphere
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 2
BP 497
EP 510
DI 10.5194/tc-10-497-2016
PG 14
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA DQ7TW
UT WOS:000379411800002
ER
PT B
AU Biskach, M
Saha, T
Zhang, W
Mazzarella, J
McClelland, R
Niemeyer, J
Schofield, M
Chan, K
AF Biskach, Michael
Saha, Timo
Zhang, William
Mazzarella, James
McClelland, Ryan
Niemeyer, Jason
Schofield, Mark
Chan, Kai
GP ASME
TI MIRROR INTEGRATION PROCESS FOR HIGH PRECISION, LIGHTWEIGHT X-RAY OPTICS
SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND
INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 4
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and
Computers and Information in Engineering Conference
CY AUG 02-05, 2015
CL Boston, MA
SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div
AB Next, generation X-ray telescopes in the coning decades require optics with high angular resolution and large collecting area at a fixed cost and budget. X-ray optics, unlike traditional normal incidence optics in optical and infrared telescopes, require many times the polished surface area to obtain an equivalent collecting area due to the nature of glancing incidence optics necessary to reflect higher energy X-ray photons. The Next Generation X-ray Optics (NGXO) group at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is developing a manufacturing process capable of producing sub 5 arc-second half-power diameter (BPD) angular resolution optics in the near term, with the long term goal of producing optics for an X-ray telescope in the next 10 years with sub 1 arc-second HPD angular resolution. By parallelizing the production, integration, and testing of X-ray mirrors in separate modules, thousands of precisely fowled X-ray mirror segments are assembled into one Mirror Assembly (MA), lowering the cost per collecting area by orders of magnitude compared to previous X-ray telescopes with similar resolution like the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Novel uses of kinematic mounts, precision actuators, and epoxy fixes each X-ray mirror segment to the submicron level with the sufficient strength to survive rocket launch.
C1 [Biskach, Michael; Mazzarella, James; McClelland, Ryan; Niemeyer, Jason; Schofield, Mark] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
[Saha, Timo; Zhang, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Chan, Kai] Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Chan, Kai] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
RP Biskach, M (reprint author), Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
EM michael.biskach@nasa.gov
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5711-3
PY 2016
AR V004T09A021
PG 9
WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Industrial;
Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering
GA BF0YD
UT WOS:000379884000076
ER
PT J
AU Yanovsky, I
Lambrigtsen, B
AF Yanovsky, I.
Lambrigtsen, B.
TI Multispectral super-resolution of tropical cyclone imagery using
sparsity-based approaches
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID REGULARIZATION; RESTORATION; ALGORITHMS; RECONSTRUCTION; RADIOMETER;
NOISE
AB An aperture synthesis system produces ringing at sharp edges and other transitions in the observed field. In this article, we have developed an efficient multispectral deconvolution method, based on the Split Bregman total variation minimization technique, and it was successful in reducing image ringing, blurring, and distortion, while sharpening the image and preserving the information content. We also present a multispectral multi-frame super-resolution method that is robust to image noise and noise in the point spread function (PSF) and leads to additional improvements in spatial resolution. The methodologies are based on current research in sparse optimization and compressed sensing, which lead to unprecedented efficiencies in solving image reconstruction problems.
C1 [Yanovsky, I.; Lambrigtsen, B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Yanovsky, I.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA.
RP Yanovsky, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM igor.yanovsky@jpl.nasa.gov
FU National Science Foundation [DMS 1217239]
FX The research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration. IY also acknowledges support from
the National Science Foundation [Grant DMS 1217239].
NR 31
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
EI 1366-5901
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PY 2016
VL 37
IS 11
BP 2494
EP 2509
DI 10.1080/01431161.2016.1177245
PG 16
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA DR5NX
UT WOS:000379950800003
ER
PT J
AU Schreier, M
Suselj, K
AF Schreier, M.
Suselj, K.
TI Analysis of collocated AIRS and MODIS data: a global investigation of
correlations between clouds and atmosphere in 2004-2012
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; PROBABILITY DENSITY-FUNCTIONS; VOCALS-REX; PART
II; MODEL; VARIABILITY; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; PACIFIC; STRATOCUMULUS
AB We used collocated observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) to investigate correlations between cloud parameters and atmospheric stability. We focus on low clouds and specifically investigate the cloud parameters cloud cover and cloud optical thickness from MODIS. The selected atmospheric parameters from AIRS are maximum relative humidity (MRH), lower tropospheric stability (LTS), and water vapour gradient (QTS). The correlations were tested for temporal and regional variation on a global scale and over a time frame of 10 years. Cloud cover and MRH show weak correlations and strong variations on both the temporal and spatial scales. However, cloud cover and lower tropospheric stability show a high correlation in areas with low maritime clouds. The correlation is relatively stable, but slightly increased for the years 2009-2012. Correlations between cloud cover and QTS show a similar behaviour, but slightly stronger variations on the spatial and temporal scales, with better correlations in the East Pacific and from 2004 to 2012. The correlations with cloud optical thickness are weaker in all three cases. A more detailed analysis of the Southeast Pacific shows the influence of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on most parameters, but a relatively stable behaviour for the connection of cloud fraction and LTS. Based on the analysis, we suggest that relative humidity is an insufficient approach to link atmospheric properties and low cloud cover. However, we find good correlations with respect to LTS and QTS. LTS in particular indicates low temporal fluctuations, even in the case of influence by ENSO.
C1 [Schreier, M.; Suselj, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Schreier, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
EM mathias.schreier@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 46
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
EI 1366-5901
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PY 2016
VL 37
IS 11
BP 2524
EP 2540
DI 10.1080/01431161.2016.1177244
PG 17
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA DR5NX
UT WOS:000379950800005
ER
PT B
AU Rosa, I
Roedel, H
Lepech, MD
Loftus, DJ
AF Rosa, Isamar
Roedel, Henning
Lepech, Michael D.
Loftus, David J.
GP ASME
TI CREATION OF STATISTICALLY EQUIVALENT PERIODIC UNIT CELLS FOR
PROTEIN-BOUND SOILS
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS
AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 9
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition
(IMECE2015)
CY NOV 13-19, 2015
CL Houston, TX
SP ASME
DE Biocomposites; Periodic Unit Cell; Level Sets; Random Microstructure;
Heterogeneous Materials
ID BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; ADSORPTION; CONCRETE; BEHAVIOR
AB In 2010, NASA was directed to develop technologies to reduce the cost and risk of space exploration and send humans beyond the International Space Station. A central challenge to long-duration space missions is a lack of available construction materials in situ. This work focuses on a novel class of composites that can be produced extraterrestrially in situ by desiccating a mixture of soil, water, and protein binder to create a strong, versatile material. To date, experimental tests of mechanical properties have shown significant variability among samples.
This paper focuses on the creation of Statistically Equivalent Periodic Unit Cells (SEPUC) to stochastically model protein bound composites for the purpose of creating FE models that provide insights into experimental results. Model inputs include the soil granulometry and volume fractions of the phases. Ellipsoidal particles are placed, and protein coatings and bridges are created, using a Level Set based Random Sequential Addition algorithm. Each image is assigned a statistical descriptor and a simple genetic algorithm is used to optimize for a statistical descriptor close to that of experimental specimens.
The framework is validated by comparing experimental images of protein-bound soils obtained by micro-CT scanning with those obtained through the SEPUC framework.
C1 [Rosa, Isamar; Roedel, Henning; Lepech, Michael D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Loftus, David J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Biosci Res Div, Mountain View, CA USA.
RP Rosa, I (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM isamar@stanford.edu; hroedel@stanford.edu; mlepech@stanford.edu;
david.j.loftus@nasa.gov
NR 36
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5752-6
PY 2016
AR V009T12A058
PG 10
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA BF0XE
UT WOS:000379791500058
ER
PT B
AU Bias, S
Phillips, DL
Cabler, KN
AF Bias, Sheri
Phillips, Donna L.
Cabler, Kathleen N.
BE Sims, RR
Sauser, WI
Bias, S
TI TRANSITION TO A NEW STATE Consolidating Organizational Resources at NASA
Langley Research Center
SO TRANSFORMING GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS: FRESH IDEAS AND EXAMPLES FROM THE
FIELD
SE Contemporary Human Resource Management Issues Challenges and
Opportunities
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Bias, Sheri] St Leo Univ, Human Resources Adm, St Leo, FL 33574 USA.
[Bias, Sheri] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
[Bias, Sheri] Anheuser Busch, St Louis, MO USA.
[Bias, Sheri] Philip Morris, Richmond, VA USA.
[Bias, Sheri] Pricewaterhouse Coopers, New York, NY USA.
[Phillips, Donna L.; Cabler, Kathleen N.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Cabler, Kathleen N.] Cabler Consulting Grp, Virginia Beach, VA USA.
RP Bias, S (reprint author), St Leo Univ, Human Resources Adm, St Leo, FL 33574 USA.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP
PI CHARLOTTE
PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA
BN 978-1-68123-455-7; 978-1-68123-456-4
J9 CONT HUM RES MANAG
PY 2016
BP 199
EP 211
PG 13
WC Public Administration
SC Public Administration
GA BF0UN
UT WOS:000379454100006
ER
PT B
AU Bielefeldt, B
Hochhalter, J
Hartl, D
AF Bielefeldt, Brent
Hochhalter, Jacob
Hartl, Darren
GP ASME
TI COMPUTATIONALLY EFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF SMA SENSORY PARTICLES EMBEDDED IN
COMPLEX AEROSTRUCTURES USING A SUBSTRUCTURE APPROACH
SO ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT
SYSTEMS, 2015, VOL 1
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent
Systems
CY SEP 21-23, 2015
CL Colorado Springs, CO
SP ASME, Aerospace Div
ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MODEL
AB The Digital Twin concept represents an innovative method to monitor and predict the performance of an aircraft's various subsystems. By creating ultra-realistic multi-physical computational models associated with each unique aircraft and combining them with known flight histories, operators could benefit from a real-time understanding of the vehicle's current capabilities. One important facet of the Digital Twin program is the detection and monitoring of structural damage. Recently, a method to detect fatigue cracks using the transformation response of shape memory alloy (SMA) particles embedded in the aircraft structure has been proposed. By detecting changes in the mechanical and/or electromagnetic responses of embedded particles, operators could detect the onset of fatigue cracks in the vicinity of these particles. In this work, the development of a finite element model of an aircraft wing containing embedded SMA particles in key regions will be discussed. In particular, this model will feature a technique known as substructure analysis, which retains degrees of freedom at specified points key to scale transitions, greatly reducing computational cost. By using this technique to model an aircraft wing subjected to loading experienced during flight, we can simulate the response of these localized particles while also reducing computation time. This new model serves to demonstrate key aspects of this detection technique. Future work, including the determination of the material properties associated with these particles as well as exploring the positioning of these particles for optimal crack detection, is also discussed.
C1 [Bielefeldt, Brent; Hartl, Darren] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Hochhalter, Jacob] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Hartl, D (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM darren.hartl@tamu.edu
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5729-8
PY 2016
AR V001T02A007
PG 10
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA BF0YE
UT WOS:000379884100029
ER
PT J
AU Hioki, S
Yang, P
Baum, BA
Platnick, S
Meyer, KG
King, MD
Riedi, J
AF Hioki, Souichiro
Yang, Ping
Baum, Bryan A.
Platnick, Steven
Meyer, Kerry G.
King, Michael D.
Riedi, Jerome
TI Degree of ice particle surface roughness inferred from polarimetric
observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-SCATTERING PROPERTIES; SATELLITE-BASED RETRIEVAL; CLOUD
OPTICAL-THICKNESS; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CIRRUS
CLOUDS; POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE
PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS
AB The degree of surface roughness of ice particles within thick, cold ice clouds is inferred from multi-directional, multi-spectral satellite polarimetric observations over oceans, assuming a column-aggregate particle habit. An improved roughness inference scheme is employed that provides a more noise-resilient roughness estimate than the conventional best-fit approach. The improvements include the introduction of a quantitative roughness parameter based on empirical orthogonal function analysis and proper treatment of polarization due to atmospheric scattering above clouds. A global 1-month data sample supports the use of a severely roughened ice habit to simulate the polarized reflectivity associated with ice clouds over ocean. The density distribution of the roughness parameter inferred from the global 1-month data sample and further analyses of a few case studies demonstrate the significant variability of ice cloud single-scattering properties. However, the present theoretical results do not agree with observations in the tropics. In the extratropics, the roughness parameter is inferred but 74aEuro-% of the sample is out of the expected parameter range. Potential improvements are discussed to enhance the depiction of the natural variability on a global scale.
C1 [Hioki, Souichiro; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Baum, Bryan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Platnick, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Meyer, Kerry G.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD USA.
[King, Michael D.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Riedi, Jerome] Univ Lille Sci & Technol, Lab Opt Atmospher, Villeneuve Dascq, France.
RP Hioki, S (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM s.hioki@tamu.edu
RI King, Michael/C-7153-2011; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Yang,
Ping/B-4590-2011; Hioki, Souichiro/Q-2378-2016; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016
OI King, Michael/0000-0003-2645-7298; Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767;
Hioki, Souichiro/0000-0001-6307-1832; Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200
FU NASA [NNX11AR06G, NNX15AP12H]
FX The authors thank the ICARE Data and Service Center for providing
POLDER/PARASOL data, the NASA LAADS system for providing MODIS
atmosphere products, and the NASA GSFC GES DAAC for providing AIRS data.
The ice particle scattering calculations are conducted at the Texas A&M
University Supercomputing Facility. The authors are grateful to Lei Bi
for help in light scattering computations. This work was funded by NASA
Grants NNX11AR06G and NNX15AP12H, and the authors are grateful for
continued support from Hal Maring.
NR 53
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 12
BP 7545
EP 7558
DI 10.5194/acp-16-7545-2016
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DQ7VZ
UT WOS:000379417300004
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, K
Fu, R
Wang, T
Liu, YM
AF Zhang, Kai
Fu, Rong
Wang, Tao
Liu, Yimin
TI Impact of geographic variations of the convective and dehydration center
on stratospheric water vapor over the Asian monsoon region
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUMMER MONSOON; OZONE; TRANSPORT; CLIMATE; TRENDS; DISTRIBUTIONS;
OSCILLATION; TROPOSPHERE; SIMULATION; HUMIDITY
AB The Asian monsoon region is the most prominent moisture center of water vapor in the lower stratosphere (LS) during boreal summer. Previous studies have suggested that the transport of water vapor to the Asian monsoon LS is controlled by dehydration temperatures and convection mainly over the Bay of Bengal and Southeast Asia. However, there is a clear geographic variation of convection associated with the seasonal and intra-seasonal variations of the Asian monsoon circulation, and the relative influence of such a geographic variation of convection vs. the variation of local dehydration temperatures on water vapor transport is still not clear. Using satellite observations from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and a domain-filling forward trajectory model, we show that almost half of the seasonal water vapor increase in the Asian monsoon LS are attributable to geographic variations of convection and resultant variations of the dehydration center, of which the influence is comparable to the influence of the local dehydration temperature increase. In particular, dehydration temperatures are coldest over the southeast and warmest over the northwest Asian monsoon region. Although the convective center is located over Southeast Asia, an anomalous increase of convection over the northwest Asia monsoon region increases local diabatic heating in the tropopause layer and air masses entering the LS are dehydrated at relatively warmer temperatures. Due to warmer dehydration temperatures, anomalously moist air enters the LS and moves eastward along the northern flank of the monsoon anticyclonic flow, leading to wet anomalies in the LS over the Asian monsoon region. Likewise, when convection increases over the Southeast Asia monsoon region, dry anomalies appear in the LS. On a seasonal scale, this feature is associated with the monsoon circulation, convection and diabatic heating marching towards the northwest Asia monsoon region from June to August. The march of convection leads to an increasing fraction of the air mass to be dehydrated at warmer temperatures over the northwest Asia monsoon region. Work presented here confirms the dominant role of temperatures on water vapor variations and emphasizes that further studies should take geographic variations of the dehydration center into consideration when studying water vapor variations in the LS as it is linked to changes of convection and large-scale circulation patterns.
C1 [Zhang, Kai; Fu, Rong] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Wang, Tao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA.
[Liu, Yimin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Tao] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
EM kzkaizhang@utexas.edu
RI Wang, Tao/C-2381-2011
OI Wang, Tao/0000-0003-3430-8508
FU NASA [NNX11AE72G]; National Science Foundation of China [NSFC 91437219]
FX We sincerely thank William J. Randel and Mijeong Park for their comments
and discussions that lead to significant improvement in this work. We
appreciate Kenneth P. Bowman's work on developing the trajectory code,
and we thank Mark R. Schoeberl and Andrew E. Dessler for designing and
developing the trajectory simulation system that is implemented by Tao
Wang for simulations in this study. We thank Peirong Lin for
improvements on figures and writing. We would also like to acknowledge
the editorial assistance from Rachael Isphording and Adam Papendieck.
Kai Zhang and Rong Fu were supported by NASA Aura Science Team Grant
(No. NNX11AE72G). Yimin Liu is supported by the National Science
Foundation of China (NSFC 91437219).
NR 53
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 12
BP 7825
EP 7835
DI 10.5194/acp-16-7825-2016
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DQ7VZ
UT WOS:000379417300021
ER
PT J
AU Frankenberg, C
Kulawik, SS
Wofsy, SC
Chevallier, F
Daube, B
Kort, EA
O'Dell, C
Olsen, ET
Osterman, G
AF Frankenberg, Christian
Kulawik, Susan S.
Wofsy, Steven C.
Chevallier, Frederic
Daube, Bruce
Kort, Eric A.
O'Dell, Christopher
Olsen, Edward T.
Osterman, Gregory
TI Using airborne HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) to evaluate
model and remote sensing estimates of atmospheric carbon dioxide
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; GASES OBSERVING SATELLITE;
GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEASONAL CYCLE; CO2; GOSAT; CARBONTRACKER;
SENSITIVITY; ALGORITHM; TRANSPORT
AB In recent years, space-borne observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) have been increasingly used in global carbon-cycle studies. In order to obtain added value from space-borne measurements, they have to suffice stringent accuracy and precision requirements, with the latter being less crucial as it can be reduced by just enhanced sample size. Validation of CO2 column-averaged dry air mole fractions (XCO2) heavily relies on measurements of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). Owing to the sparseness of the network and the requirements imposed on space-based measurements, independent additional validation is highly valuable. Here, we use observations from the High-Performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research (HIAPER) Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) flights from 01/2009 through 09/2011 to validate CO2 measurements from satellites (Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite - GOSAT, Thermal Emission Sounder - TES, Atmospheric Infrared Sounder - AIRS) and atmospheric inversion models (CarbonTracker CT2013B, Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) v13r1). We find that the atmospheric models capture the XCO2 variability observed in HIPPO flights very well, with correlation coefficients (r(2)) of 0.93 and 0.95 for CT2013B and MACC, respectively. Some larger discrepancies can be observed in profile comparisons at higher latitudes, in particular at 300aEuro-hPa during the peaks of either carbon uptake or release. These deviations can be up to 4aEuro-ppm and hint at misrepresentation of vertical transport.
Comparisons with the GOSAT satellite are of comparable quality, with an r(2) of 0.85, a mean bias mu of -0.06aEuro-ppm, and a standard deviation sigma of 0.45aEuro-ppm. TES exhibits an r(2) of 0.75, mu of 0.34aEuro-ppm, and sigma of 1.13aEuro-ppm. For AIRS, we find an r(2) of 0.37, mu of 1.11aEuro-ppm, and sigma of 1.46aEuro-ppm, with latitude-dependent biases. For these comparisons at least 6, 20, and 50 atmospheric soundings have been averaged for GOSAT, TES, and AIRS, respectively. Overall, we find that GOSAT soundings over the remote Pacific Ocean mostly meet the stringent accuracy requirements of about 0.5aEuro-ppm for space-based CO2 observations.
C1 [Frankenberg, Christian] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Frankenberg, Christian; Olsen, Edward T.; Osterman, Gregory] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Kulawik, Susan S.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA.
[Wofsy, Steven C.; Daube, Bruce] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Chevallier, Frederic] LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Kort, Eric A.] Univ Michigan, Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[O'Dell, Christopher] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Frankenberg, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Frankenberg, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM cfranken@caltech.edu
RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013
OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Frankenberg,
Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857
FU NASA Roses ESDR-ERR [10/10-ESDRERR10-0031]
FX Funded by NASA Roses ESDR-ERR 10/10-ESDRERR10-0031, "Estimation of
biases and errors of CO2 satellite observations from AIRS,
GOSAT, SCIAMACHY, TES, and OCO-2". We thank the entire HIPPO team for
making these measurements possible and the NIES and JAXA GOSAT teams for
designing and operating the GOSAT mission and generously sharing L1 data
with the ACOS project. Andy Jacobson (NOAA ESRL, Boulder, Colorado)
provided CarbonTracker CT2013B results and advised in data usage and
interpretation.
NR 28
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 12
BP 7867
EP 7878
DI 10.5194/acp-16-7867-2016
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DQ7VZ
UT WOS:000379417300024
ER
PT J
AU Davis, ME
Bernard, F
McGillen, MR
Fleming, EL
Burkholder, JB
AF Davis, Maxine E.
Bernard, Francois
McGillen, Max R.
Fleming, Eric L.
Burkholder, James B.
TI UV and infrared absorption spectra, atmospheric lifetimes, and ozone
depletion and global warming potentials for CCl2FCCl2F (CFC-112),
CCl3CClF2 (CFC-112a), CCl3CF3 (CFC-113a), and CCl2FCF3 (CFC-114a)
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; SUBSTANCES; IMPACT;
INTENSITIES; MODEL
AB The potential impact of CCl2FCF3 (CFC-114a) and the recently observed CCl2FCCl2F (CFC-112), CCl3CClF2 (CFC-112a), and CCl3CF3 (CFC-113a) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on stratospheric ozone and climate is presently not well characterized. In this study, the UV absorption spectra of these CFCs were measured between 192.5 and 235aEuro-nm over the temperature range 207-323aEuro-K. Precise parameterizations of the UV absorption spectra are presented. A 2-D atmospheric model was used to evaluate the CFC atmospheric loss processes, lifetimes, ozone depletion potentials (ODPs), and the associated uncertainty ranges in these metrics due to the kinetic and photochemical uncertainty. The CFCs are primarily removed in the stratosphere by short-wavelength UV photolysis with calculated global annually averaged steady-state lifetimes (years) of 63.6 (61.9-64.7), 51.5 (50.0-52.6), 55.4 (54.3-56.3), and 105.3 (102.9-107.4) for CFC-112, CFC-112a, CFC-113a, and CFC-114a, respectively. The range of lifetimes given in parentheses is due to the 2 sigma uncertainty in the UV absorption spectra and O(D-1) rate coefficients included in the model calculations. The 2-D model was also used to calculate the CFC ozone depletion potentials (ODPs) with values of 0.98, 0.86, 0.73, and 0.72 obtained for CFC-112, CFC-112a, CFC-113a, and CFC-114a, respectively. Using the infrared absorption spectra and lifetimes determined in this work, the CFC global warming potentials (GWPs) were estimated to be 4260 (CFC-112), 3330 (CFC-112a), 3650 (CFC-113a), and 6510 (CFC-114a) for the 100-year time horizon.
C1 [Davis, Maxine E.; Bernard, Francois; McGillen, Max R.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Davis, Maxine E.; Bernard, Francois; McGillen, Max R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Davis, Maxine E.] Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Fleming, Eric L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Fleming, Eric L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM james.b.burkholder@noaa.gov
RI BERNARD, Francois/F-2864-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI BERNARD, Francois/0000-0002-6116-3167;
FU NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program;
NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program
FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon
Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program and NASA's Atmospheric Composition
Program. The Supplement includes digitized infrared spectra as well as
additional figures, model results, and tables.
NR 25
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Z9 2
U1 3
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 12
BP 8043
EP 8052
DI 10.5194/acp-16-8043-2016
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DQ7VZ
UT WOS:000379417300035
ER
PT J
AU Naeger, AR
Gupta, P
Zavodsky, BT
McGrath, KM
AF Naeger, Aaron R.
Gupta, Pawan
Zavodsky, Bradley T.
McGrath, Kevin M.
TI Monitoring and tracking the trans-Pacific transport of aerosols using
multi-satellite aerosol optical depth composites
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER CODE; ASIAN DUST AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION;
PART II; SIMULATED CLIMATOLOGY; CALIPSO MISSION; CLOUD DETECTION; VECTOR
VERSION; SATELLITE DATA; AIR-POLLUTION
AB The primary goal of this study was to generate a near-real time (NRT) aerosol optical depth (AOD) product capable of providing a comprehensive understanding of the aerosol spatial distribution over the Pacific Ocean, in order to better monitor and track the trans-Pacific transport of aerosols. Therefore, we developed a NRT product that takes advantage of observations from both low-earth orbiting and geostationary satellites. In particular, we utilize AOD products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) satellites. Then, we combine these AOD products with our own retrieval algorithms developed for the NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-15) and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT-2) to generate a NRT daily AOD composite product. We present examples of the daily AOD composite product for a case study of trans-Pacific transport of Asian pollution and dust aerosols in mid-March 2014. Overall, the new product successfully tracks this aerosol plume during its trans-Pacific transport to the west coast of North America as the frequent geostationary observations lead to a greater coverage of cloud-free AOD retrievals equator-ward of about 35 degrees N, while the polar-orbiting satellites provide a greater coverage of AOD poleward of 35 degrees N. However, we note several areas across the domain of interest from Asia to North America where the GOES-15 and MTSAT-2 retrieval algorithms can introduce significant uncertainties into the new product.
C1 [Naeger, Aaron R.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[Gupta, Pawan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Gupta, Pawan] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA.
[Zavodsky, Bradley T.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[McGrath, Kevin M.] Jacobs Engn Inc, ESSSA Grp, Huntsville, AL USA.
RP Naeger, AR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
EM naeger@nsstc.uah.edu
FU NASA/HQ
FX We acknowledge the Land, Atmosphere Near real-time Capability for Earth
observing system (LANCE) for access to the MODIS Level 2 AOD products.
LANCE is operated by the NASA/GSFC/Earth Science Data and Information
System (ESDIS) with funding provided by NASA/HQ. We also thank the NOAA
Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System (CLASS) subscription
service for near-real-time delivery of AOD data from the VIIRS
Environmental Data Record, the Atmospheric Science Data Center at NASA
Langley Research Center for access to the MISR and CALIOP data products,
and the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the
HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website
(http://www.ready.noaa.gov). We thank the site managers on the AERONET
team for establishing and maintaining their sites, and the anonymous
reviewers who helped improve this paper through their useful comments.
NR 58
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 6
BP 2463
EP 2482
DI 10.5194/amt-9-2463-2016
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DQ7OM
UT WOS:000379397100002
ER
PT J
AU Hubert, D
Lambert, JC
Verhoelst, T
Granville, J
Keppens, A
Baray, JL
Bourassa, AE
Cortesi, U
Degenstein, DA
Froidevaux, L
Godin-Beekmann, S
Hoppel, KW
Johnson, BJ
Kyrola, E
Leblanc, T
Lichtenberg, G
Marchand, M
McElroy, CT
Murtagh, D
Nakane, H
Portafaix, T
Querel, R
Russell, JM
Salvador, J
Smit, HGJ
Stebel, K
Steinbrecht, W
Strawbridge, KB
Stubi, R
Swart, DPJ
Taha, G
Tarasick, DW
Thompson, AM
Urban, J
van Gijsel, JAE
Van Malderen, R
von der Gathen, P
Walker, KA
Wolfram, E
Zawodny, JM
AF Hubert, Daan
Lambert, Jean-Christopher
Verhoelst, Tijl
Granville, Jose
Keppens, Arno
Baray, Jean-Luc
Bourassa, Adam E.
Cortesi, Ugo
Degenstein, Doug A.
Froidevaux, Lucien
Godin-Beekmann, Sophie
Hoppel, Karl W.
Johnson, Bryan J.
Kyrola, Erkki
Leblanc, Thierry
Lichtenberg, Guenter
Marchand, Marion
McElroy, C. Thomas
Murtagh, Donal
Nakane, Hideaki
Portafaix, Thierry
Querel, Richard
Russell, James M., III
Salvador, Jacobo
Smit, Herman G. J.
Stebel, Kerstin
Steinbrecht, Wolfgang
Strawbridge, Kevin B.
Stubi, Rene
Swart, Daan P. J.
Taha, Ghassan
Tarasick, David W.
Thompson, Anne M.
Urban, Joachim
van Gijsel, Joanna A. E.
Van Malderen, Roeland
von der Gathen, Peter
Walker, Kaley A.
Wolfram, Elian
Zawodny, Joseph M.
TI Ground-based assessment of the bias and long-term stability of 14 limb
and occultation ozone profile data records
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; SAGE-II; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; RETRIEVAL
ALGORITHM; POAM-III; DATA SET; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; RELATIVE DRIFTS;
ERROR ANALYSIS; PAST CHANGES
AB The ozone profile records of a large number of limb and occultation satellite instruments are widely used to address several key questions in ozone research. Further progress in some domains depends on a more detailed understanding of these data sets, especially of their long-term stability and their mutual consistency. To this end, we made a systematic assessment of 14 limb and occultation sounders that, together, provide more than three decades of global ozone profile measurements. In particular, we considered the latest operational Level-2 records by SAGE II, SAGE III, HALOE, UARS MLS, Aura MLS, POAM II, POAM III, OSIRIS, SMR, GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, ACE-FTS and MAESTRO. Central to our work is a consistent and robust analysis of the comparisons against the ground-based ozonesonde and stratospheric ozone lidar networks. It allowed us to investigate, from the troposphere up to the stratopause, the following main aspects of satellite data quality: long-term stability, overall bias and short-term variability, together with their dependence on geophysical parameters and profile representation. In addition, it permitted us to quantify the overall consistency between the ozone profilers. Generally, we found that between 20 and 40 km the satellite ozone measurement biases are smaller than +/- 5 %, the short-term variabilities are less than 5-12% and the drifts are at most +/- 5% decade(-1) (or even +/- 3% decade(-1) for a few records). The agreement with ground-based data degrades somewhat towards the stratopause and especially towards the tropopause where natural variability and low ozone abundances impede a more precise analysis. In part of the stratosphere a few records deviate from the preceding general conclusions; we identified biases of 10% and more (POAM II and SCIAMACHY), markedly higher single-profile variability (SMR and SCIAMACHY) and significant long-term drifts (SCIAMACHY, OSIRIS, HALOE and possibly GOMOS and SMR as well). Furthermore, we reflected on the repercussions of our findings for the construction, analysis and interpretation of merged data records. Most notably, the discrepancies between several recent ozone profile trend assessments can be mostly explained by instrumental drift. This clearly demonstrates the need for systematic comprehensive multi-instrument comparison analyses.
C1 [Hubert, Daan; Lambert, Jean-Christopher; Verhoelst, Tijl; Granville, Jose; Keppens, Arno] Royal Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium.
[Baray, Jean-Luc; Portafaix, Thierry] Univ Reunion, CNRS, Lab Atmosphere & Cyclones, Meteo France,OSU Reunion, St Denis, Reunion.
[Baray, Jean-Luc] Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, Observ Phys Globe Clermont Ferrand, Lab Meteorol Phys, Clermont Ferrand, France.
[Bourassa, Adam E.; Degenstein, Doug A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
[Cortesi, Ugo] Ist Fis Appl Nello Carrara Consiglio Nazl Ric, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
[Froidevaux, Lucien] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Godin-Beekmann, Sophie; Marchand, Marion] Univ Versailles St Quentin Yvelines, CNRS, Lab Atmosphere Milieux Observ Spatiales, Paris, France.
[Hoppel, Karl W.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Johnson, Bryan J.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Kyrola, Erkki] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
[Leblanc, Thierry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA.
[Lichtenberg, Guenter] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Remote Sensing Technol Inst, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[McElroy, C. Thomas] York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada.
[Murtagh, Donal; Urban, Joachim] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Nakane, Hideaki] Kochi Univ Technol, Kochi, Japan.
[Nakane, Hideaki] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Querel, Richard] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand.
[Russell, James M., III] Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
[Salvador, Jacobo; Wolfram, Elian] CEILAP UNIDEF MINDEF CONICET, UMI IFAECI CNRS 3351, Villa Martelli, Argentina.
[Smit, Herman G. J.] Res Ctr Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res Troposphere IEK 8, Julich, Germany.
[Stebel, Kerstin] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway.
[Steinbrecht, Wolfgang] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Meteorol Observatorium, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany.
[Strawbridge, Kevin B.; Tarasick, David W.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Air Qual Res, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Stubi, Rene] MeteoSwiss, Payerne Aerol Stn, Payerne, Switzerland.
[Swart, Daan P. J.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands.
[Taha, Ghassan] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Taha, Ghassan; Thompson, Anne M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[van Gijsel, Joanna A. E.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands.
[Van Malderen, Roeland] Royal Meteorol Inst Belgium, Brussels, Belgium.
[von der Gathen, Peter] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany.
[Walker, Kaley A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Walker, Kaley A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Zawodny, Joseph M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Hubert, D (reprint author), Royal Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium.
EM daan.hubert@aeronomie.be
RI von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009; van Gijsel, Joanna/F-8087-2010; Smit,
Herman/J-2397-2012; Querel, Richard/D-3770-2015; Thompson, Anne
/C-3649-2014;
OI von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556; Smit,
Herman/0000-0002-2268-4189; Querel, Richard/0000-0001-8792-2486;
Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Hubert, Daan/0000-0002-4365-865X;
Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692
FU ESA; EU under FP6 project GEOmon [FP6-2005-Global-4-036677]; ESA's CCI
Ozone project; Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO); ProDEx project
SECPEA; ProDEx project A3C; ESA/ProDEx projects Ex Val [C90190, CN1-4];
Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment; National Aeronautics
and Space Administration; NASA; NOAA; Canadian Space Agency; Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; German (DLR) space
agency; Dutch (NSO) space agency; Belgian contribution via BIRA-IASB;
space agency of Sweden; space agency of Canada; space agency of Finland;
space agency of France
FX Part of this work was funded by ESA projects Multi-TASTE and VALID, by
the EU under FP6 project GEOmon (FP6-2005-Global-4-036677), and by ESA's
CCI Ozone project. D. Hubert, A. Keppens and T. Verhoelst acknowledge
national funding from the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) and
ProDEx projects SECPEA and A3C. K. Stebel acknowledges funding from the
ESA/ProDEx projects Ex Val (C90190, CN1-4, 2005-2011). J. A. E. van
Gijsel and D. Swart acknowledge support from the Dutch Ministry of
Infrastructure and Environment. Work performed at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration. We are also grateful to C. De Clercq, D. Pieroux
and S. Vandenbussche for their valuable input. The ozonesonde and lidar
data used in this publication were obtained as part of WMO's Global
Atmosphere Watch (GAW) and two of its main contributors, namely, the
Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and
the Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes programme (SHADOZ). The
authors acknowledge the meticulous and sustained work of the PIs and
staff at ozonesonde and lidar stations to acquire and maintain long-term
ozone data records of high quality. The data records are publicly
available via the NDACC Data Host Facility (http://www.ndacc.org), the
SHADOZ archive (http://croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/shadoz) and the World Ozone
and Ultraviolet Data Centre (http://www.woudc.org). NDACC and SHADOZ are
supported by meteorological services and space agencies from many
countries, with archives funded by NASA and NOAA. We acknowledge the
work by F. Posny, as PI of the ozonesonde observations at Reunion
Island. The authors also thank the satellite science and processing
teams and the contributing space agencies. Measurements from the SAGE
and HALOE missions are provided and maintained through support from
NASA's Earth Science Division. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment
(ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported
by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council of Canada. SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for
Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIA-MACHY) is a joint contribution of
Germany, The Netherlands and Belgium to ESA's environmental satellite
Envisat and is funded by the German (DLR) and Dutch (NSO) space agencies
with Belgian contribution via BIRA-IASB. Sweden's Odin satellite carries
the atmospheric and astronomical missions OSIRIS and SMR, developed and
funded jointly by the space agencies of Sweden, Canada, Finland and
France. This work is dedicated to our much appreciated colleague J.
Urban, who regrettably passed away.
NR 111
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 11
U2 14
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 6
BP 2497
EP 2534
DI 10.5194/amt-9-2497-2016
PG 38
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DQ7OM
UT WOS:000379397100004
ER
PT J
AU Fu, DJ
Bowman, KW
Worden, HM
Natraj, V
Worden, JR
Yu, SS
Veefkind, P
Aben, I
Landgraf, J
Strow, L
Han, Y
AF Fu, Dejian
Bowman, Kevin W.
Worden, Helen M.
Natraj, Vijay
Worden, John R.
Yu, Shanshan
Veefkind, Pepijn
Aben, Ilse
Landgraf, Jochen
Strow, Larrabee
Han, Yong
TI High-resolution tropospheric carbon monoxide profiles retrieved from
CrIS and TROPOMI
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; ORDINATE RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; RADIOMETRIC
CALIBRATION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; EMISSION SPECTROMETER;
SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION; OZONE; MODEL; POLLUTION; MISSION
AB The Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument is the only satellite-borne sensor in operation that uses both thermal (TIR) and near-infrared (NIR) channels to estimate CO profiles. With more than 15 years (2000 to present) of validated multispectral observations, MOPITT provides the unique capability to separate CO in the lowermost troposphere (LMT, surface to 3 km (similar to 700 hPa)) from the free-tropospheric abundance. To extend this record, a new, hyper-spectral approach is presented here that will provide CO data products exceeding the capabilities of MOPITT by combining the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR, equivalent to the MOPITT NIR) channels from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) to be launched aboard the European Sentinel 5 Precursor (S5p) satellite in 2016 and the TIR channels from the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite. We apply the MUlti-SpEctra, MUlti-SpEcies, Multi-SEnsors (MUSES) retrieval algorithm to quantify the potential of this joint CO product. CO profiles are retrieved from a single-footprint, full-spectral-resolution CrIS transect over Africa on 27-28 August 2013 coincident with significant biomass burning. Comparisons of collocated CrIS and MOPITT CO observations for the LMT show a mean difference of 2.8 +/- 24.9 ppb, which is well within the estimated measurement uncertainty of both sensors. The estimated degrees of freedom (DOF) for CO signals from synergistic CrIS-TROPOMI retrievals are approximately 0.9 in the LMT and 1.3 above the LMT, which indicates that the LMT CO can be distinguished from the free troposphere, similar to MOPITT multispectral observations (0.8 in the LMT, and 1.1 above the LMT). In addition to increased sensitivity, the combined retrievals reduce measurement uncertainty, with similar to 15% error reduction in the LMT. With a daily global coverage and a combined spatial footprint of 14 km, the joint CrIS-TROPOMI measurements have the potential to extend and improve upon the MOPITT multispectral CO data records for the coming decade.
C1 [Fu, Dejian; Bowman, Kevin W.; Natraj, Vijay; Worden, John R.; Yu, Shanshan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Worden, Helen M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Veefkind, Pepijn] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands.
[Veefkind, Pepijn] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Geosci & Remote Sensing, Stevinweg 1, Delft, Netherlands.
[Aben, Ilse; Landgraf, Jochen] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Strow, Larrabee] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Han, Yong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD USA.
RP Fu, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA.
EM dejian.fu@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Yu, Shanshan/D-8733-2016
OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270;
FU NASA ROSE Atmospheric Composition: AURA Science Team program
[NNN13D455T]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX The authors thank David Crisp, Annmarie Eldering, Michael R. Gunson,
Susan S. Kulawik, Karen Cady-Pereira, Vivienne H. Payne, Bradley R.
Pierce, and Stanley P. Sander for many helpful discussions. Support from
the NASA ROSE-2013 Atmospheric Composition: AURA Science Team program
(grant number: NNN13D455T) is gratefully acknowledged. Part of the
research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration. We than the editor, I. Moradi for his
excellent work.
NR 71
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U1 1
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 6
BP 2567
EP 2579
DI 10.5194/amt-9-2567-2016
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DQ7OM
UT WOS:000379397100007
ER
PT J
AU Millan, L
Lebsock, M
Livesey, N
Tanelli, S
AF Millan, Luis
Lebsock, Matthew
Livesey, Nathaniel
Tanelli, Simone
TI Differential absorption radar techniques: water vapor retrievals
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; TROPICAL CIRRUS; 1 THZ;
CLOUDS; LIDAR; PARAMETERIZATION; PRESSURE; ICE; PRECIPITATION
AB Two radar pulses sent at different frequencies near the 183 GHz water vapor line can be used to determine total column water vapor and water vapor profiles (within clouds or precipitation) exploiting the differential absorption on and off the line. We assess these water vapor measurements by applying a radar instrument simulator to CloudSat pixels and then running end-to-end retrieval simulations. These end-to-end retrievals enable us to fully characterize not only the expected precision but also their potential biases, allowing us to select radar tones that maximize the water vapor signal minimizing potential errors due to spectral variations in the target extinction properties. A hypothetical CloudSat-like instrument with 500m by similar to 1 km vertical and horizontal resolution and a minimum detectable signal and radar precision of -30 and 0.16 dBZ, respectively, can estimate total column water vapor with an expected precision of around 0.03 cm, with potential biases smaller than 0.26 cm most of the time, even under rainy conditions. The expected precision for water vapor profiles was found to be around 89% on average, with potential biases smaller than 77% most of the time when the profile is being retrieved close to surface but smaller than 38% above 3 km. By using either horizontal or vertical averaging, the precision will improve vastly, with the measurements still retaining a considerably high vertical and/or horizontal resolution.
C1 [Millan, Luis; Lebsock, Matthew; Livesey, Nathaniel; Tanelli, Simone] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Millan, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM lmillan@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Millan, Luis/J-2759-2015
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX The research described in this paper was carried out by the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
NR 48
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U1 5
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 6
BP 2633
EP 2646
DI 10.5194/amt-9-2633-2016
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DQ7OM
UT WOS:000379397100012
ER
PT J
AU Nowlan, CR
Liu, X
Leitch, J
Chance, K
Abad, GG
Liu, C
Zoogman, P
Cole, J
Delker, T
Good, W
Murcray, F
Ruppert, L
Soo, D
Follette-Cook, MB
Janz, SJ
Kowalewski, MG
Loughner, CP
Pickering, KE
Herman, JR
Beaver, MR
Long, RW
Szykman, JJ
Judd, LM
Kelley, P
Luke, WT
Ren, XR
Al-Saadi, JA
AF Nowlan, Caroline R.
Liu, Xiong
Leitch, JamesW.
Chance, Kelly
Abad, Gonzalo Gonzalez
Liu, Cheng
Zoogman, Peter
Cole, Joshua
Delker, Thomas
Good, William
Murcray, Frank
Ruppert, Lyle
Soo, Daniel
Follette-Cook, Melanie B.
Janz, Scott J.
Kowalewski, Matthew G.
Loughner, Christopher P.
Pickering, Kenneth E.
Herman, Jay R.
Beaver, Melinda R.
Long, Russell W.
Szykman, James J.
Judd, Laura M.
Kelley, Paul
Luke, Winston T.
Ren, Xinrong
Al-Saadi, Jassim A.
TI Nitrogen dioxide observations from the Geostationary Trace gas and
Aerosol Sensor Optimization (GeoTASO) airborne instrument: Retrieval
algorithm and measurements during DISCOVER-AQ Texas 2013
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; IMAGING DOAS INSTRUMENT; TROPOSPHERIC NO2
RETRIEVAL; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; SATELLITE
RETRIEVALS; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; FORMALDEHYDE; OMI; SCATTERING
AB The Geostationary Trace gas and Aerosol Sensor Optimization (GeoTASO) airborne instrument is a test bed for upcoming air quality satellite instruments that will measure backscattered ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared light from geostationary orbit. GeoTASO flew on the NASA Falcon aircraft in its first intensive field measurement campaign during the Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) Earth Venture Mission over Houston, Texas, in September 2013. Measurements of backscattered solar radiation between 420 and 465 nm collected on 4 days during the campaign are used to determine slant column amounts of NO2 at 250 m x 250 m spatial resolution with a fitting precision of 2.2 x 10(15) molecules cm(-2). These slant columns are converted to tropospheric NO2 vertical columns using a radiative transfer model and trace gas profiles from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Total column NO2 from GeoTASO is well correlated with ground-based Pandora observations (r = 0 : 90 on the most polluted and cloud-free day of measurements and r = 0.74 overall), with GeoTASO NO2 slightly higher for the most polluted observations. Surface NO2 mixing ratios inferred from GeoTASO using the CMAQ model show good correlation with NO2 measured in situ at the surface during the campaign (r = 0 : 85). NO2 slant columns from GeoTASO also agree well with preliminary retrievals from the GEO-CAPE Airborne Simulator (GCAS) which flew on the NASA King Air B200 (r = 0.81, slope = 0.91). Enhanced NO2 is resolvable over areas of traffic NOx emissions and near individual petrochemical facilities.
C1 [Nowlan, Caroline R.; Liu, Xiong; Chance, Kelly; Abad, Gonzalo Gonzalez; Liu, Cheng; Zoogman, Peter] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Leitch, JamesW.; Cole, Joshua; Delker, Thomas; Good, William; Murcray, Frank; Ruppert, Lyle; Soo, Daniel] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Follette-Cook, Melanie B.] Morgan State Univ, GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA.
[Follette-Cook, Melanie B.; Janz, Scott J.; Kowalewski, Matthew G.; Loughner, Christopher P.; Pickering, Kenneth E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Loughner, Christopher P.; Kelley, Paul; Ren, Xinrong] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Herman, Jay R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Beaver, Melinda R.; Long, Russell W.; Szykman, James J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
[Judd, Laura M.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA.
[Kelley, Paul; Luke, Winston T.; Ren, Xinrong] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Al-Saadi, Jassim A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Liu, Cheng] Univ Sci & Technol, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China.
RP Nowlan, CR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM cnowlan@cfa.harvard.edu
RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; Pickering,
Kenneth/E-6274-2012;
OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666;
Gonzalez Abad, Gonzalo/0000-0002-8090-6480; Loughner,
Christopher/0000-0002-3833-2014
FU NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Instrument Incubator
Program; NASA GEO-CAPE Program
FX This work was supported under the NASA Earth Science Technology Office
(ESTO) Instrument Incubator Program and the NASA GEO-CAPE Program. MODIS
MCD43GF V005 data were provided by the MODIS remote sensing group at the
University of Massachusetts, Boston. We acknowledge the free use of
tropospheric NO2 column data from GOME-2/Metop-A from
http://www.temis.nl. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its
Office of Research and Development under the Air, Climate and Energy
Research Program collaborated on this research. It has been subjected to
agency review and approved for publication.
NR 63
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U1 5
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 6
BP 2647
EP 2668
DI 10.5194/amt-9-2647-2016
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DQ7OM
UT WOS:000379397100013
ER
PT J
AU Abad, GG
Vasilkov, A
Seftor, C
Liu, X
Chance, K
AF Abad, Gonzalo Gonzalez
Vasilkov, Alexander
Seftor, Colin
Liu, Xiong
Chance, Kelly
TI Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite
(SAO OMPS) formaldehyde retrieval
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID ROTATIONAL RAMAN-SCATTERING; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; MONITORING
INSTRUMENT; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; GOME-2 OBSERVATIONS; GLOBAL
OBSERVATIONS; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; COLUMNS; CLIMATE; HCHO
AB This paper presents our new formaldehyde (H2CO) retrievals, obtained from spectra recorded by the nadir instrument of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) flown on board NASA's Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SUOMI-NPP) satellite. Our algorithm is similar to the one currently in place for the production of NASA's Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) operational H2CO product. We are now able to produce a set of long-term data from two different instruments that share a similar concept and a similar retrieval approach. The ongoing overlap period between OMI and OMPS offers a perfect opportunity to study the consistency between both data sets. The different spatial and spectral resolution of the instruments is a source of discrepancy in the retrievals despite the similarity of the physic assumptions of the algorithm. We have concluded that the reduced spectral resolution of OMPS in comparison with OMI is not a significant obstacle in obtaining good-quality retrievals. Indeed, the improved signal-to-noise ratio of OMPS with respect to OMI helps to reduce the noise of the retrievals performed using OMPS spectra. However, the size of OMPS spatial pixels imposes a limitation in the capability to distinguish particular features of H2CO that are discernible with OMI. With root mean square (RMS) residuals similar to 5 x 10(-4) for individual pixels we estimate the detection limit to be about 7.5 x 10(15)aEuro-molecules cm(-2). Total vertical column density (VCD) errors for individual pixels range between 40aEuro-% for pixels with high concentrations to 100aEuro-% or more for pixels with concentrations at or below the detection limit. We compare different OMI products (SAO OMI v3.0.2 and BIRA OMI v14) with our OMPS product using 1 year of data, between September 2012 and September 2013. The seasonality of the retrieved slant columns is captured similarly by all products but there are discrepancies in the values of the VCDs. The mean biases among the two OMI products and our OMPS product are 23aEuro-% between OMI SAO and OMPS SAO and 28aEuro-% between OMI BIRA and OMPS SAO for eight selected regions.
C1 [Abad, Gonzalo Gonzalez; Liu, Xiong; Chance, Kelly] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Vasilkov, Alexander; Seftor, Colin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Abad, GG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM ggonzalezabad@cfa.harvard.edu
RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014;
OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Gonzalez Abad,
Gonzalo/0000-0002-8090-6480
FU NASA Atmospheric Composition Program/Aura Science Team [NNX11AE58G];
Consortium for Unlocking the Mysteries of the Universe
FX This study is supported by NASA Atmospheric Composition Program/Aura
Science Team (NNX11AE58G) and internal Smithsonian Institution funds
from the Consortium for Unlocking the Mysteries of the Universe. The
Dutch-Finnish OMI instrument is part of the NASA EOS Aura satellite
payload. The OMI Project is managed by NIVR and KNMI in the Netherlands.
We acknowledge the OMI and OMPS projects for providing data used in this
study. We thank Kai Yang for his valuable input understanding the
characteristics of OMPS-NM.
NR 52
TC 1
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U1 3
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 7
BP 2797
EP 2812
DI 10.5194/amt-9-2797-2016
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DQ7VY
UT WOS:000379417200003
ER
PT J
AU Gupta, P
Joiner, J
Vasilkov, A
Bhartia, PK
AF Gupta, Pawan
Joiner, Joanna
Vasilkov, Alexander
Bhartia, Pawan K.
TI Top-of-the-atmosphere shortwave flux estimation from satellite
observations: an empirical neural network approach applied with data
from the A-train constellation
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; ENERGY SYSTEM
INSTRUMENT; OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; ROTATIONAL RAMAN-SCATTERING;
CLOUD PRESSURE; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; MODIS OBSERVATIONS; TERRA
SATELLITE; PART I
AB Estimates of top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) radiative flux are essential for the understanding of Earth's energy budget and climate system. Clouds, aerosols, water vapor, and ozone (O-3) are among the most important atmospheric agents impacting the Earth's shortwave (SW) radiation budget. There are several sensors in orbit that provide independent information related to these parameters. Having coincident information from these sensors is important for understanding their potential contributions. The A-train constellation of satellites provides a unique opportunity to analyze data from several of these sensors. In this paper, retrievals of cloud/aerosol parameters and total column ozone (TCO) from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) have been collocated with the Aqua Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) estimates of total reflected TOA outgoing SW flux (SWF). We use these data to develop a variety of neural networks that estimate TOA SWF globally over ocean and land using only OMI data and other ancillary information as inputs and CERES TOA SWF as the output for training purposes. OMI-estimated TOA SWF from the trained neural networks reproduces independent CERES data with high fidelity. The global mean daily TOA SWF calculated from OMI is consistently within +/- 1aEuro-% of CERES throughout the year 2007. Application of our neural network method to other sensors that provide similar retrieved parameters, both past and future, can produce similar estimates TOA SWF. For example, the well-calibrated Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) series could provide estimates of TOA SWF dating back to late 1978.
C1 [Gupta, Pawan] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Gupta, Pawan; Joiner, Joanna; Vasilkov, Alexander; Bhartia, Pawan K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Vasilkov, Alexander] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Gupta, P (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Gupta, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM pawan.gupta@nasa.gov
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA) issued through the Science Mission
Directorate (SMD) for the Aura Science Team managed by Kenneth Jucks and
Richard Eckman. We thank the CERES, OMI, MODIS, and GEOS-DAS data
processing teams for providing the data used for this study. We would
also like to thank Norman Loeb and Arlindo da Silva for useful
discussion and comments during the preparation of the paper.
NR 54
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U1 1
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 7
BP 2813
EP 2826
DI 10.5194/amt-9-2813-2016
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DQ7VY
UT WOS:000379417200004
ER
PT J
AU Xu, F
Dubovik, O
Zhai, PW
Diner, DJ
Kalashnikova, OV
Seidel, FC
Litvinov, P
Bovchaliuk, A
Garay, MJ
van Harten, G
Davis, AB
AF Xu, Feng
Dubovik, Oleg
Zhai, Peng-Wang
Diner, David J.
Kalashnikova, Olga V.
Seidel, Felix C.
Litvinov, Pavel
Bovchaliuk, Andrii
Garay, Michael J.
van Harten, Gerard
Davis, Anthony B.
TI Joint retrieval of aerosol and water-leaving radiance from
multispectral, multiangular and polarimetric measurements over ocean
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID VECTOR RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MARKOV-CHAIN FORMALISM; IMAGING
SPECTRORADIOMETER MISR; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; COLOR IMAGERY;
MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; POLARIZED-LIGHT; SOLAR-RADIATION; PHASE FUNCTION;
TRANSFER MODEL
AB An optimization approach has been developed for simultaneous retrieval of aerosol properties and normalized water-leaving radiance (nLw) from multispectral, multiangular, and polarimetric observations over ocean. The main features of the method are (1) use of a simplified bio-optical model to estimate nLw, followed by an empirical refinement within a specified range to improve its accuracy; (2) improved algorithm convergence and stability by applying constraints on the spatial smoothness of aerosol loading and Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration across neighboring image patches and spectral constraints on aerosol optical properties and nLw across relevant bands; and (3) enhanced Jacobian calculation by modeling and storing the radiative transfer (RT) in aerosol/Rayleigh mixed layer, pure Rayleigh-scattering layers, and ocean medium separately, then coupling them to calculate the field at the sensor. This approach avoids unnecessary and time-consuming recalculations of RT in unperturbed layers in Jacobian evaluations. The Markov chain method is used to model RT in the aerosol/Rayleigh mixed layer and the doubling method is used for the uniform layers of the atmosphere-ocean system. Our optimization approach has been tested using radiance and polarization measurements acquired by the Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (AirMSPI) over the AERONET USC_SeaPRISM ocean site (6 February 2013) and near the AERONET La Jolla site (14 January 2013), which, respectively, reported relatively high and low aerosol loadings. Validation of the results is achieved through comparisons to AERONET aerosol and ocean color products. For comparison, the USC_SeaPRISM retrieval is also performed by use of the Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties algorithm (Dubovik et al., 2011). Uncertainties of aerosol and nLw retrievals due to random and systematic instrument errors are analyzed by truth-in/truth-out tests with three Chl a concentrations, five aerosol loadings, three different types of aerosols, and nine combinations of solar incidence and viewing geometries.
C1 [Xu, Feng; Diner, David J.; Kalashnikova, Olga V.; Seidel, Felix C.; Garay, Michael J.; van Harten, Gerard; Davis, Anthony B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Dubovik, Oleg; Litvinov, Pavel; Bovchaliuk, Andrii] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, UMR8518, Opt Atmospher Lab, Villeneuve Dascq, France.
[Zhai, Peng-Wang] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
RP Xu, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM feng.xu@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Xu, Feng/G-3673-2013
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX The authors are grateful to Zia Ahmad at NASA Goddard Space Flight
Center for providing the information on aerosol models used in MODIS
ocean color retrieval and Jianwei Wei at Optical Oceanography Laboratory
of University of Massachusetts Boston for discussing the AERONET Ocean
Color product of normalized water-leaving radiance. This work was
performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
NR 114
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U1 6
U2 11
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 7
BP 2877
EP 2907
DI 10.5194/amt-9-2877-2016
PG 31
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DQ7VY
UT WOS:000379417200007
ER
PT J
AU Remsberg, E
Harvey, VL
AF Remsberg, Ellis
Harvey, V. Lynn
TI Effects of polar stratospheric clouds in the Nimbus 7 LIMS Version 6
data set
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID NITRIC-ACID; INFRARED MONITOR; OZONE DEPLETION; VORTEX; CHEMISTRY;
TRANSPORT; BREAKING; MIPAS; HOLE
AB The historic Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) measurements of 1978-1979 from the Nimbus 7 satellite were re-processed with Version 6 (V6) algorithms and archived in 2002. The V6 data set employs updated radiance registration methods, improved spectroscopic line parameters, and a common vertical resolution for all retrieved parameters. Retrieved profiles are spaced about every 1.6A degrees of latitude along orbits and include the additional parameter of geopotential height. Profiles of O-3 are sensitive to perturbations from emissions of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). This work presents results of implementing a first-order screening for effects of PSCs using simple algorithms based on vertical gradients of the O-3 mixing ratio. Their occurrences are compared with the co-located, retrieved temperatures and related to the temperature thresholds needed for saturation of H2O and/or HNO3 vapor onto PSC particles. Observed daily locations where the major PSC screening criteria are satisfied are validated against PSCs observed with the Stratospheric Aerosol Monitor (SAM) II experiment also on Nimbus 7. Remnants of emissions from PSCs are characterized for O-3 and HNO3 following the screening. PSCs may also impart a warm bias in the co-located LIMS temperatures, but by no more than 1-2aEuro-K at the altitudes of where effects of PSCs are a maximum in the ozone; thus, no PSC screening was applied to the V6 temperatures. Minimum temperatures vary between 187 and 194aEuro-K and often occur 1 to 2aEuro-km above where PSC effects are first identified in the ozone (most often between about 21 and 28aEuro-hPa). Those temperature-pressure values are consistent with conditions for the existence of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) mixtures and to a lesser extent of super-cooled ternary solution (STS) droplets. A local, temporary uptake of HNO3 vapor of order 1-3aEuro-ppbv is indicated during mid-January for the 550aEuro-K surface. Seven-month time series of the distributions of LIMS O-3 and HNO3 are shown based on their gridded Level 3 data following the PSC screening. Zonal coefficients of both species are essentially free of effects from PSCs on the 550aEuro-K surface, based on their average values along PV contours and in terms of equivalent latitude. Remnants of PSCs are still present in O-3 on the 450aEuro-K surface during mid-January. It is judged that the LIMS Level 3 data are of good quality for analyzing the larger-scale, stratospheric chemistry and transport processes during the Arctic winter of 1978-1979.
C1 [Remsberg, Ellis] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, 21 Langley Blvd,Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Harvey, V. Lynn] Univ Colorado Boulder, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, 3665 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Harvey, V. Lynn] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Remsberg, E (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, 21 Langley Blvd,Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM ellis.e.remsberg@nasa.gov
FU NASA LWS Grant [NNX14AH54G]; NSF CEDAR AGS grant [1343056]
FX The authors (EER and VLH) are grateful to R. Earl Thompson and to John
Burton, B. Thomas Marshall, Praful Bhatt, Mark Melbert, and Larry
Gordley for testing the LIMS V6 cloud and PSC detection algorithms and
for processing the Level 2 data set, respectively. Gretchen Lingenfelser
generated the LIMS V6 Level 3 product that is archived at NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center (GES DISC). The analyses herein were motivated by an
inquiry to the LIMS Science Team in 1986 from Paul Crutzen, who was
hoping to find instances of nitric acid uptake using the LIMS V5 data
set. The authors acknowledge, Lamont Poole, who carried out some
specific calculations with his thermodynamic equilibrium model, showing
the likelihood of nitric acid uptake for the conditions of the 1978-1979
Arctic winter. We relied on his results as a check on the conclusions
herein about nitric acid uptake onto NAT mixtures and STS droplets. The
authors appreciate the constructive comments of referee, John Austin,
and of the other two anonymous referees. VLH acknowledges support from
NASA LWS Grant NNX14AH54G and NSF CEDAR AGS grant no. 1343056. EER
carried out his work while serving as a Distinguished Research Associate
within the Science Directorate at NASA Langley.
NR 42
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Z9 0
U1 5
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 7
BP 2927
EP 2946
DI 10.5194/amt-9-2927-2016
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DQ7VY
UT WOS:000379417200009
ER
PT J
AU Kent, K
Himes-Cornell, A
AF Kent, Keeley
Himes-Cornell, Amber
TI Making Landfall: Linkages between Fishing Communities and Support
Services
SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska; fishing communities; fishing industry; support services;
well-being
ID ECONOMIC-IMPACTS; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; RESILIENCE
AB The relationship between the fishing industry and the fisheries-related support service sector creates economic benefits for communities through the strong linkages between fishermen and their land-based suppliers and the induced or multiplier effects from fisheries revenue. The support service sector is embedded within fishing communities where the impacts of fisheries management changes are perpetuated. This article examines the potential for such impacts by evaluating the diversity of fishing gear use, ex-vessel revenue, presence of processing plants, public moorage, and haul-out or tidal grids, and the number of vessels in a community, in relation to the availability of support services in communities in Alaska. The results show that the presence of a processor and haul-out facilities in a community significantly affects the number of support service businesses; however, there is not a strong association with the number of vessels or ex-vessel revenue. One hypothesis is that fishermen often travel to other communities to obtain services. We evaluate this hypothesis using social network analysis to evaluate transfers of revenue for fishery-related goods and services. Ultimately, this informs the exploration of the importance of support service businesses and fishery-support infrastructure to the continued well-being of fishing communities.
C1 [Kent, Keeley] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Reg Off, Juneau, AK USA.
[Himes-Cornell, Amber] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Himes-Cornell, Amber] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, European Inst Marine Sci IUEM, Plouzane, France.
RP Himes-Cornell, A (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM amber.himes@noaa.gov
FU Office of Science and Technology of the National Marine Fisheries
Service
FX Funding for this research came from the Office of Science and Technology
of the National Marine Fisheries Service. The opinions expressed in this
article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of
the National Marine Fisheries Service or the Universite de Bretagne
Occidentale.
NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0892-0753
EI 1521-0421
J9 COAST MANAGE
JI Coast. Manage.
PY 2016
VL 44
IS 4
BP 279
EP 294
DI 10.1080/08920753.2016.1135276
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DQ6YU
UT WOS:000379354000001
ER
PT J
AU Petty, AA
Tsamados, MC
Kurtz, NT
Farrell, SL
Newman, T
Harbeck, JP
Feltham, DL
Richter-Menge, JA
AF Petty, Alek A.
Tsamados, Michel C.
Kurtz, Nathan T.
Farrell, Sinead L.
Newman, Thomas
Harbeck, Jeremy P.
Feltham, Daniel L.
Richter-Menge, Jackie A.
TI Characterizing Arctic sea ice topography using high-resolution IceBridge
data
SO CRYOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID SNOW DEPTH; FORM DRAG; VARIABILITY; THICKNESS; DISTRIBUTIONS;
SIMULATIONS; MORPHOLOGY; GREENLAND; STRESS; RIDGES
AB We present an analysis of Arctic sea ice topography using high-resolution, three-dimensional surface elevation data from the Airborne Topographic Mapper, flown as part of NASA's Operation IceBridge mission. Surface features in the sea ice cover are detected using a newly developed surface feature picking algorithm. We derive information regarding the height, volume and geometry of surface features from 2009 to 2014 within the Beaufort/Chukchi and Central Arctic regions. The results are delineated by ice type to estimate the topographic variability across first-year and multi-year ice regimes.
The results demonstrate that Arctic sea ice topography exhibits significant spatial variability, mainly driven by the increased surface feature height and volume (per unit area) of the multi-year ice that dominates the Central Arctic region. The multi-year ice topography exhibits greater interannual variability compared to the first-year ice regimes, which dominates the total ice topography variability across both regions. The ice topography also shows a clear coastal dependency, with the feature height and volume increasing as a function of proximity to the nearest coastline, especially north of Greenland and the Canadian Archipelago. A strong correlation between ice topography and ice thickness (from the IceBridge sea ice product) is found, using a square-root relationship. The results allude to the importance of ice deformation variability in the total sea ice mass balance, and provide crucial information regarding the tail of the ice thickness distribution across the western Arctic. Future research priorities associated with this new data set are presented and discussed, especially in relation to calculations of atmospheric form drag.
C1 [Petty, Alek A.; Farrell, Sinead L.; Newman, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Petty, Alek A.; Kurtz, Nathan T.; Farrell, Sinead L.; Harbeck, Jeremy P.] NASA, Cryospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Tsamados, Michel C.] UCL, Dept Earth Sci, Ctr Polar Observat & Modelling, London, England.
[Farrell, Sinead L.; Newman, Thomas] NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD USA.
[Feltham, Daniel L.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Polar Observat & Modelling, Reading, Berks, England.
[Richter-Menge, Jackie A.] Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA.
RP Petty, AA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Petty, AA (reprint author), NASA, Cryospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
EM alek.a.petty@nasa.gov
RI Farrell, Sinead/F-5586-2010;
OI Farrell, Sinead/0000-0003-3222-2751; Petty, Alek/0000-0003-0307-3216
FU NASA IceBridge Project Science Office, NASA [NNX13AK36G]; NOAA Ocean
Remote Sensing Program
FX This work was supported by the NASA IceBridge Project Science Office,
NASA grant NNX13AK36G, and the NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing Program. We
acknowledge and sincerely appreciate the efforts of the various
IceBridge team members who contributed to the collection, processing and
archiving of the various data sets utilized in this study.
NR 60
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1994-0416
EI 1994-0424
J9 CRYOSPHERE
JI Cryosphere
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 3
BP 1161
EP 1179
DI 10.5194/tc-10-1161-2016
PG 19
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA DQ7VH
UT WOS:000379415500014
ER
PT J
AU Seidel, FC
Rittger, K
Skiles, SM
Molotch, NP
Painter, TH
AF Seidel, Felix C.
Rittger, Karl
Skiles, S. McKenzie
Molotch, Noah P.
Painter, Thomas H.
TI Case study of spatial and temporal variability of snow cover, grain
size, albedo and radiative forcing in the Sierra Nevada and Rocky
Mountain snowpack derived from imaging spectroscopy
SO CRYOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID LIGHT-ABSORBING IMPURITIES; SURFACE-AREA; ENERGY-BALANCE; MELTING SNOW;
REFLECTANCE; MODEL; SPECTROMETER; PARTICLES; COLORADO; DENSITY
AB Quantifying the spatial distribution and temporal change in mountain snow cover, microphysical and optical properties is important to improve our understanding of the local energy balance and the related snowmelt and hydrological processes. In this paper, we analyze changes of snow cover, optical-equivalent snow grain size (radius), snow albedo and radiative forcing by light-absorbing impurities in snow and ice (LAISI) with respect to terrain elevation and aspect at multiple dates during the snowmelt period. These snow properties are derived from the NASA/JPL Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data from 2009 in California's Sierra Nevada and from 2011 in Colorado's Rocky Mountains, USA.
Our results show a linearly decreasing snow cover during the ablation period in May and June in the Rocky Mountains and a snowfall-driven change in snow cover in the Sierra Nevada between February and May. At the same time, the snow grain size is increasing primarily at higher elevations and north-facing slopes from 200 microns to 800 microns on average. We find that intense snowmelt renders the mean grain size almost invariant with respect to elevation and aspect. Our results confirm the inverse relationship between snow albedo and grain size, as well as between snow albedo and radiative forcing by LAISI. At both study sites, the mean snow albedo value decreases from approximately 0.7 to 0.5 during the ablation period. The mean snow grain size increased from approximately 150 to 650 microns. The mean radiative forcing increases from 20aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) up to 200aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) during the ablation period. The variability of snow albedo and grain size decreases in general with the progression of the ablation period. The spatial variability of the snow albedo and grain size decreases through the melt season while the spatial variability of radiative forcing remains constant.
C1 [Seidel, Felix C.; Skiles, S. McKenzie; Molotch, Noah P.; Painter, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Rittger, Karl] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Molotch, Noah P.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Seidel, FC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
EM felix.c.seidel@gmail.com
RI Molotch, Noah/C-8576-2009; Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016
NR 47
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 6
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1994-0416
EI 1994-0424
J9 CRYOSPHERE
JI Cryosphere
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 3
BP 1229
EP 1244
DI 10.5194/tc-10-1229-2016
PG 16
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA DQ7VH
UT WOS:000379415500019
ER
PT J
AU Alexander, PM
Tedesco, M
Schlegel, NJ
Luthcke, SB
Fettweis, X
Larour, E
AF Alexander, Patrick M.
Tedesco, Marco
Schlegel, Nicole-Jeanne
Luthcke, Scott B.
Fettweis, Xavier
Larour, Eric
TI Greenland Ice Sheet seasonal and spatial mass variability from model
simulations and GRACE (2003-2012)
SO CRYOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID TERMINATING OUTLET GLACIERS; TERRA-NOVA BAY; NORTHEAST GREENLAND;
SUBGLACIAL DRAINAGE; WEST GREENLAND; BALANCE; MELT; ACCELERATION; FLOW;
ANTARCTICA
AB Improving the ability of regional climate models (RCMs) and ice sheet models (ISMs) to simulate spatiotemporal variations in the mass of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is crucial for prediction of future sea level rise. While several studies have examined recent trends in GrIS mass loss, studies focusing on mass variations at sub-annual and sub-basin-wide scales are still lacking. At these scales, processes responsible for mass change are less well understood and modeled, and could potentially play an important role in future GrIS mass change. Here, we examine spatiotemporal variations in mass over the GrIS derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites for the January 2003-December 2012 period using a 'mascon' approach, with a nominal spatial resolution of 100-km, and a temporal resolution of 10 days. We compare GRACE-estimated mass variations against those simulated by the ModSle Atmosph,rique R,gionale (MAR) RCM and the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM). In order to properly compare spatial and temporal variations in GrIS mass from GRACE with model outputs, we find it necessary to spatially and temporally filter model results to reproduce leakage of mass inherent in the GRACE solution. Both modeled and satellite-derived results point to a decline (of -178.9-+/--4.4 and -239.4-+/--7.7-Gt-yr(-1) respectively) in GrIS mass over the period examined, but the models appear to underestimate the rate of mass loss, especially in areas below 2000-m in elevation, where the majority of recent GrIS mass loss is occurring. On an ice-sheet-wide scale, the timing of the modeled seasonal cycle of cumulative mass (driven by summer mass loss) agrees with the GRACE-derived seasonal cycle, within limits of uncertainty from the GRACE solution. However, on sub-ice-sheet-wide scales, some areas exhibit significant differences in the timing of peaks in the annual cycle of mass change. At these scales, model biases, or processes not accounted for by models related to ice dynamics or hydrology, may lead to the observed differences. This highlights the need for further evaluation of modeled processes at regional and seasonal scales, and further study of ice sheet processes not accounted for, such as the role of subglacial hydrology in variations in glacial flow.
C1 [Alexander, Patrick M.; Tedesco, Marco] CUNY, Grad Ctr, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA.
[Alexander, Patrick M.; Tedesco, Marco] CUNY City Coll, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Alexander, Patrick M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Tedesco, Marco] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Schlegel, Nicole-Jeanne] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Schlegel, Nicole-Jeanne; Larour, Eric] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 300-227, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Luthcke, Scott B.] NASA, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Fettweis, Xavier] Univ Liege, Dept Geog, Lab Climatol, 2 Alle 6 Aout, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
RP Alexander, PM (reprint author), CUNY, Grad Ctr, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA.; Alexander, PM (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA.; Alexander, PM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM patrick.m.alexander@nasa.gov
OI Fettweis, Xavier/0000-0002-4140-3813
FU NSF grant PLR [0909388]
FX P. M. Alexander and M. Tedesco were supported by NSF grant PLR no.
0909388. Work of N.-J. Schlegel and E. Larour was performed at the
California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory under a
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's
Cryosphere Program. The authors would like to thank Rajashree Datta,
Erik Noble, and Erik Orantes of the Cryospheric Processes Laboratory,
two anonymous reviewers, and the editor of this manuscript for valuable
comments and suggestions.
NR 61
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1994-0416
EI 1994-0424
J9 CRYOSPHERE
JI Cryosphere
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 3
BP 1259
EP 1277
DI 10.5194/tc-10-1259-2016
PG 19
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA DQ7VH
UT WOS:000379415500021
ER
PT J
AU Dow, CF
Werder, MA
Nowicki, S
Walker, RT
AF Dow, Christine F.
Werder, Mauro A.
Nowicki, Sophie
Walker, Ryan T.
TI Modeling Antarctic subglacial lake filling and drainage cycles
SO CRYOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID RECOVERY ICE STREAM; WEST ANTARCTICA; EAST ANTARCTICA; SEASONAL-CHANGES;
OUTLET GLACIER; SYSTEM; SHEET; FLOW; SURFACE; MELT
AB The growth and drainage of active subglacial lakes in Antarctica has previously been inferred from analysis of ice surface altimetry data. We use a subglacial hydrology model applied to a synthetic Antarctic ice stream to examine internal controls on the filling and drainage of subglacial lakes. Our model outputs suggest that the highly constricted subglacial environment of our idealized ice stream, combined with relatively high rates of water flow funneled from a large catchment, can combine to create a system exhibiting slow-moving pressure waves. Over a period of years, the accumulation of water in the ice stream onset region results in a buildup of pressure creating temporary channels, which then evacuate the excess water. This increased flux of water beneath the ice stream drives lake growth. As the water body builds up, it steepens the hydraulic gradient out of the overdeepened lake basin and allows greater flux. Eventually this flux is large enough to melt channels that cause the lake to drain. Lake drainage also depends on the internal hydrological development in the wider system and therefore does not directly correspond to a particular water volume or depth. This creates a highly temporally and spatially variable system, which is of interest for assessing the importance of subglacial lakes in ice stream hydrology and dynamics.
C1 [Dow, Christine F.; Nowicki, Sophie; Walker, Ryan T.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Werder, Mauro A.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Hydraul Hydrol & Glaciol VAW, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Walker, Ryan T.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Dow, Christine F.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
RP Dow, CF (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Dow, CF (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
EM christine.dow@uwaterloo.ca
FU NASA Postdoctoral Program fellowship at the Goddard Space Flight Center;
NASA [NNX12AD03A]; NASA Cryosphere Program
FX Christine F. Dow was supported with a NASA Postdoctoral Program
fellowship at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge
Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. Ryan T. Walker was
funded by NASA grant NNX12AD03A. Sophie Nowicki acknowledges the support
of the NASA Cryosphere Program. We thank Martin Sharp and an anonymous
reviewer for their valuable input.
NR 38
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1994-0416
EI 1994-0424
J9 CRYOSPHERE
JI Cryosphere
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 4
BP 1381
EP 1393
DI 10.5194/tc-10-1381-2016
PG 13
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA DQ7XV
UT WOS:000379422700002
ER
PT J
AU Howell, SEL
Laliberte, F
Kwok, R
Derksen, C
King, J
AF Howell, Stephen E. L.
Laliberte, Frederic
Kwok, Ron
Derksen, Chris
King, Joshua
TI Landfast ice thickness in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from
observations and models
SO CRYOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-ICE; SNOW DEPTH; VARIABILITY
AB Observed and modelled landfast ice thickness variability and trends spanning more than 5 decades within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) are summarized. The observed sites (Cambridge Bay, Resolute, Eureka and Alert) represent some of the Arctic's longest records of landfast ice thickness. Observed end-of-winter (maximum) trends of landfast ice thickness (1957-2014) were statistically significant at Cambridge Bay (-4.31 +/- 1.4 cm decade(-1)), Eureka (-4.65 +/- 1.7 cm decade(-1)) and Alert (-4.44aEuro- +/- 1.6aEuro-cm (-1)) but not at Resolute. Over the 50+-year record, the ice thinned by similar to 0.24-0.26 m at Cambridge Bay, Eureka and Alert with essentially negligible change at Resolute. Although statistically significant warming in spring and fall was present at all sites, only low correlations between temperature and maximum ice thickness were present; snow depth was found to be more strongly associated with the negative ice thickness trends. Comparison with multi-model simulations from Coupled Model Intercomparison project phase 5 (CMIP5), Ocean Reanalysis Intercomparison (ORA-IP) and Pan-Arctic Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS) show that although a subset of current generation models have a 'reasonable' climatological representation of landfast ice thickness and distribution within the CAA, trends are unrealistic and far exceed observations by up to 2 orders of magnitude. ORA-IP models were found to have positive correlations between temperature and ice thickness over the CAA, a feature that is inconsistent with both observations and coupled models from CMIP5.
C1 [Howell, Stephen E. L.; Laliberte, Frederic; Derksen, Chris; King, Joshua] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Kwok, Ron] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Howell, SEL (reprint author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.
EM stephen.howell@canada.ca
OI Kwok, Ronald/0000-0003-4051-5896
NR 46
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1994-0416
EI 1994-0424
J9 CRYOSPHERE
JI Cryosphere
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 4
BP 1463
EP 1475
DI 10.5194/tc-10-1463-2016
PG 13
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA DQ7XV
UT WOS:000379422700008
ER
PT J
AU Wind, G
da Silva, AM
Norris, PM
Platnick, S
Mattoo, S
Levy, RC
AF Wind, Galina
da Silva, Arlindo M.
Norris, Peter M.
Platnick, Steven
Mattoo, Shana
Levy, Robert C.
TI Multi-sensor cloud and aerosol retrieval simulator and remote sensing
from model parameters - Part 2: Aerosols
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MODIS; PRODUCTS; ALGORITHM; VALIDATION; THICKNESS;
SYSTEM; TERRA; LAND; SUN
AB The Multi-sensor Cloud Retrieval Simulator (MCRS) produces a "simulated radiance" product from any high-resolution general circulation model with interactive aerosol as if a specific sensor such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were viewing a combination of the atmospheric column and land-ocean surface at a specific location. Previously the MCRS code only included contributions from atmosphere and clouds in its radiance calculations and did not incorporate properties of aerosols. In this paper we added a new aerosol properties module to the MCRS code that allows users to insert a mixture of up to 15 different aerosol species in any of 36 vertical layers.
This new MCRS code is now known as MCARS (Multi-sensor Cloud and Aerosol Retrieval Simulator). Inclusion of an aerosol module into MCARS not only allows for extensive, tightly controlled testing of various aspects of satellite operational cloud and aerosol properties retrieval algorithms, but also provides a platform for comparing cloud and aerosol models against satellite measurements. This kind of two-way platform can improve the efficacy of model parameterizations of measured satellite radiances, allowing the assessment of model skill consistently with the retrieval algorithm. The MCARS code provides dynamic controls for appearance of cloud and aerosol layers. Thereby detailed quantitative studies of the impacts of various atmospheric components can be controlled.
In this paper we illustrate the operation of MCARS by deriving simulated radiances from various data field output by the Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5) model. The model aerosol fields are prepared for translation to simulated radiance using the same model subgrid variability parameterizations as are used for cloud and atmospheric properties profiles, namely the ICA technique. After MCARS computes modeled sensor radiances equivalent to their observed counterparts, these radiances are presented as input to operational remote-sensing algorithms.
Specifically, the MCARS-computed radiances are input into the processing chain used to produce the MODIS Data Collection 6 aerosol product (M{O/Y}D04). The M{O/Y}D04 product is of course normally produced from M{O/Y}D021KM MODIS Level-1B radiance product directly acquired by the MODIS instrument. MCARS matches the format and metadata of a M{O/Y}D021KM product. The resulting MCARS output can be directly provided to MODAPS (MODIS Adaptive Processing System) as input to various operational atmospheric retrieval algorithms. Thus the operational algorithms can be tested directly without needing to make any software changes to accommodate an alternative input source.
We show direct application of this synthetic product in analysis of the performance of the MOD04 operational algorithm. We use biomass-burning case studies over Amazonia employed in a recent Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (WGNE)-sponsored study of aerosol impacts on numerical weather prediction (Freitas et al., 2015). We demonstrate that a known low bias in retrieved MODIS aerosol optical depth appears to be due to a disconnect between actual column relative humidity and the value assumed by the MODIS aerosol product.
C1 [Wind, Galina; da Silva, Arlindo M.; Norris, Peter M.; Platnick, Steven; Mattoo, Shana; Levy, Robert C.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Wind, Galina; Mattoo, Shana] SSAI Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Norris, Peter M.] Univ Space Res Assoc, 7178 Columbia Gateway Dr, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.
RP Wind, G (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Wind, G (reprint author), SSAI Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
EM gala.wind@nasa.gov
RI Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Norris, Peter/H-2008-2012; Levy,
Robert/M-7764-2013
OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Norris, Peter/0000-0001-6807-9884;
Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303
FU NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program
through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at the Goddard
Space Flight Center
FX The authors would like to thank Leigh Munchak of the MODIS Aerosol Group
for providing Fig. 3 and Peter Colarco of the Goddard Modeling and
Assimilation Office for providing us with Fig. 9. The authors would like
to thank Brad Wind for the initial idea for creating a simulator, the
output of which could be transparently used with remote-sensing
retrieval codes. This research was supported by the NASA Radiation
Sciences Program. Resources supporting this work were provided by the
NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for
Climate Simulation (NCCS) at the Goddard Space Flight Center.
NR 38
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 7
BP 2377
EP 2389
DI 10.5194/gmd-9-2377-2016
PG 13
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DQ7ZE
UT WOS:000379427500006
ER
PT S
AU Kumar, R
Ball, T
Lichtenberg, J
Deisinger, N
Upreti, A
Bansal, C
AF Kumar, Rahul
Ball, Thomas
Lichtenberg, Jakob
Deisinger, Nate
Upreti, Apoorv
Bansal, Chetan
BE Abraham, E
Huisman, M
TI CloudSDV Enabling Static Driver Verifier Using Microsoft Azure
SO INTEGRATED FORMAL METHODS (IFM 2016)
SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Conference on Integrated Formal Methods (iFM)
CY JUN 01-05, 2016
CL Reykjavik Univ, Reykjavik, ICELAND
HO Reykjavik Univ
DE Cloud; Verification; Azure; Static analysis; Performance; Parallel; SDV;
Scalability
AB In this paper we describe our experience of enabling Static Driver Verifier to use the Microsoft Azure cloud computing platform. We first describe in detail our architecture and methodology for enabling SDV to operate in the Microsoft Azure cloud. We then present our results of using CloudSDV on single drivers and driver suites using various configurations of the cloud relative to a local machine. Our experiments show that using the cloud, we are able to achieve speedups in excess of 20x, which has enabled us to perform mass scale verification in a matter of hours as opposed to days. Finally, we present a brief discussion about our results and experiences.
C1 [Kumar, Rahul] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Ball, Thomas; Lichtenberg, Jakob; Deisinger, Nate; Bansal, Chetan] Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA.
[Upreti, Apoorv] Facebook, London, England.
RP Kumar, R (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM rahulskumar@gmail.com
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG
PI CHAM
PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-319-33693-0; 978-3-319-33692-3
J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC
PY 2016
VL 9681
BP 523
EP 536
DI 10.1007/978-3-319-33693-0_33
PG 14
WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BF0PZ
UT WOS:000379291800033
ER
PT J
AU Aller, J
Ellingwood, K
Jacobson, N
Gannon, P
AF Aller, Josh
Ellingwood, Kevin
Jacobson, Nathan
Gannon, Paul
TI High Temperature Chlorosilane Corrosion of AISI 316L
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; HYDROGEN-CHLORIDE GAS; SILICON TETRACHLORIDE;
MIXTURES; IRON; OXYGEN; SILICIDES; BEHAVIOR; KINETICS; CHROMIUM
AB Chlorosilanes are used at high temperatures throughout the world's semiconductor industries primarily as a way to refine and deposit silicon and silicon containing materials. They are most prevalent in the manufacture of solar grade polycrystalline silicon; an industry that has historically used high cost alloys to effectively handle corrosive chlorosilane species. This study focused on understanding the corrosion behaviors of AISI 316L stainless steel, a low cost alloy, in chlorosilane environments at a variety of industrially-relevant times (0-200 hours), temperatures (500-700 degrees C), and hydrogen chloride (HCl) mole fractions (0.0-0.06). It was observed that AISI 316L can form either predominately metal chloride or metal silicide corrosion products depending on the mole fraction of HCl. Increasing temperatures tend to favor metal silicide formation, a trend predicted by thermodynamically generated predominance diagrams. Additionally, metal silicide surface layer growth appears to be diffusion controlled with an apparent parabolic rate at long times and high temperatures. There is also evidence for reaction-limited iron silicide formation at lower temperatures. Improved understanding of metals in high-temperature chlorosilane environments will help guide materials selection processes, and ultimately facilitate cost-competitive deployment of silicon-based photovoltaic systems. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS.
C1 [Aller, Josh] Montana State Univ, Mech & Ind Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Ellingwood, Kevin; Gannon, Paul] Montana State Univ, Chem & Biol Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Jacobson, Nathan] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Aller, J (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Mech & Ind Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
EM josh.aller@yahoo.com
FU GT Advanced Technologies; Montana State University College of
Engineering
FX We would like to graciously acknowledge GT Advanced Technologies for
providing funding and industrial guidance on this project. Additionally,
Montana State University College of Engineering provided secondary
funding of this project. Finally, we would like to acknowledge Montana
State University's Imaging and Chemical Analysis Laboratory (ICAL) for
their assistance with surface analysis.
NR 26
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 3
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
EI 1945-7111
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2016
VL 163
IS 8
BP C452
EP C458
DI 10.1149/2.0751608jes
PG 7
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA DR1TO
UT WOS:000379688000062
ER
PT J
AU Yasumiishi, EM
Farley, EV
Ruggerone, GT
Agler, BA
Wilson, LI
AF Yasumiishi, Ellen M.
Farley, Ed V.
Ruggerone, Gregory T.
Agler, Beverly A.
Wilson, Lorna I.
TI Trends and Factors Influencing the Length, Compensatory Growth, and
Size-Selective Mortality of Juvenile Bristol Bay, Alaska, Sockeye Salmon
at Sea
SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; EARLY MARINE GROWTH; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; PINK
SALMON; PERIOD HYPOTHESIS; OCEANIC REGIMES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COHO SALMON;
SURVIVAL; ABUNDANCE
AB The productivity of Bristol Bay, Alaska, Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka increased during the mid-1970s. This increase is believed to be partially due to an increase in early marine growth associated with the 1976-1977 cool-to-warm shift in summer sea surface temperature (SST). The body size of juvenile salmon during their first year at sea is believed to regulate their ability to survive over winter. The back-calculated smolt length, first-year ocean growth, and total juvenile length of Sockeye Salmon from five Bristol Bay river systems (Egegik, Kvichak, Naknek, Ugashik, and Wood) and two smolt ages were used to examine trends and factors influencing total juvenile length, compensatory growth, and size-selective mortality in the first year in the ocean from 1962 to 2007. Juvenile length increased in relation to summer sea temperature, the 1977-2001 and 2002-2007 warm temperature regimes, smolt length, and compensatory growth. Compensatory growth-an inverse relationship between first-year ocean growth and smolt size-increased over time as well as after the 1976-1977 climate regime shift, was more common in age-1.0 fish than in age-2.0 juveniles, and was important in determining the length of juvenile Sockeye Salmon from the Wood River (the shorter fish among rivers and smolt ages). The coefficient of variation in length did not change with SST, suggesting that size-selective mortality occurred prior to the end of the first year at sea for all 10 fish groups. The predictor variables that were significant in the models varied among river systems and smolt ages. This study demonstrated that the frequency of compensatory growth and the total lengths of juvenile Sockeye Salmon during their first year at sea increased with summer SST (range, 7.5-10.5 degrees C) in the eastern Bering Sea, a possible mechanism for the increased productivity of Bristol Bay Sockeye Salmon associated with warmer sea temperatures.
C1 [Yasumiishi, Ellen M.; Farley, Ed V.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Ruggerone, Gregory T.] Nat Resources Consultants Inc, 4039 21st Ave West,Suite 404, Seattle, WA 98199 USA.
[Agler, Beverly A.; Wilson, Lorna I.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Mark Tag & Age Lab, 10107 Bentwood Pl, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Yasumiishi, EM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM ellen.yasumiishi@noaa.gov
FU North Pacific Research Board [1111]
FX This research was supported by North Pacific Research Board grant 1111
(manuscript 584). We thank Chuck Brazil and Fred West at the Alaska
Department of Fish and Game for providing harvest, escapement, and age
data for Bristol Bay Sockeye Salmon. We also thank the two anonymous
reviewers for their time and effort in reviewing this manuscript. The
statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the
authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Department of Commerce, or the
Alaska Department of Fish and Game.
NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 9
U2 10
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1942-5120
J9 MAR COAST FISH
JI Mar. Coast. Fish.
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 1
BP 315
EP 333
DI 10.1080/19425120.2016.1167793
PG 19
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA DR2YQ
UT WOS:000379770200023
ER
PT B
AU Gupta, KK
Lung, SF
Ibrahim, AH
AF Gupta, K. K.
Lung, S. F.
Ibrahim, A. H.
GP ASME
TI NUMERICAL CFD SIMULATION AND TEST CORRELATION IN A FLIGHT PROJECT
ENVIRONMENT
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS
AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 1
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition
(IMECE2015)
CY NOV 13-19, 2015
CL Houston, TX
SP ASME
AB This paper presents detailed description of a novel CFD procedure and comparison of its solution results to that obtained by other available CFD codes as well as actual flight and wind tunnel test data pertaining to the GIII aircraft, currently undergoing flight testing at AFRC.
C1 [Gupta, K. K.] NASA, Armstrong Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA USA.
[Lung, S. F.] Jacobs Technol, Edwards AFB, CA USA.
[Ibrahim, A. H.] Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA USA.
RP Gupta, KK (reprint author), NASA, Armstrong Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA USA.
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5734-2
PY 2016
AR V001T01A008
PG 9
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA BF0WO
UT WOS:000379702800008
ER
PT B
AU Sharma, A
Melancon, J
Bailey, S
Zivanovic, S
AF Sharma, Ashish
Melancon, Justin
Bailey, Sheila
Zivanovic, Sandra
GP ASME
TI NOVEL USE OF SEMICONDUCTIVE CONJUGATED POLYMER WITH OPTIMIZED
SCINTILLATOR FOR BETAVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS
AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 6B
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition
(IMECE2015)
CY NOV 13-19, 2015
CL Houston, TX
SP ASME
ID ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION
AB The ongoing advanced space exploration requires the novel energy sources that can generate power for extreme duration without need of refill. The long duration betavoltaic devices are presented using conjugated polymer with scintilla tors. The Monte Carlo simulations are used to study the interaction of electron beam with two different scintillators, Cerium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Ce:YAG) and Thallium doped Cesium Iodide (CsI:Tl). The catholuminescence profiles from simulation showed that CsI:Tl is more-efficient to generate photons when hit by electron beam compared to Ce:YAG. The semiconductive conjugated polymer device stack of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:ICBA/Al are then fabricated and tested with Ce:YAG and CsI:Tl scintillators under different electron beam energies. The electrical current is successfully extracted from these betavoltaic devices when illuminated with electron beams. As expected, the betavoltaic devices with CsI:Tl scintillator performed better compared with Ce:YAG. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.24% is obtained at 10 kV electron beam with CsI:Tl, while PCE in device with Ce:YAG is 0.16%. The short circuit current in devices with CsI:Tl is about 57%, greater than in devices with Ce:YAG. The experimental result showed that output electrical power increased with increase in incident electron beam energy.
C1 [Sharma, Ashish; Melancon, Justin; Zivanovic, Sandra] Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA.
[Bailey, Sheila] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Zivanovic, S (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA.
EM sz@latech.edu
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5744-1
PY 2016
AR V06BT07A041
PG 7
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA BF0WU
UT WOS:000379703400041
ER
PT B
AU Poe, NMW
Walters, DK
Luke, EA
Morris, CI
AF Poe, Nicole M. W.
Walters, D. Keith
Luke, Edward A.
Morris, Christopher I.
GP ASME
TI A Low-Dissipation Second-Order Upwind Flux Formulation for Simulation of
Complex Turbulent Flows
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS
AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 7A
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition
(IMECE2015)
CY NOV 13-19, 2015
CL Houston, TX
SP ASME
ID INCOMPRESSIBLE-FLOW; UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS; SCHEMES; RESOLUTION; EQUATIONS;
ACCURATE; MODELS
AB A numerical method is presented for low-dissipation, high resolution finite-volume CFD simulations of turbulent flow. The convective fluxes in the governing equations are computed using a conventional upwind-biased second order scheme, with a modified linear reconstruction of face states from neighboring cells. The new scheme, dubbed optimization-based gradient reconstruction (OGRE), incorporates two key enhancements to improve performance. The first is an iterative least-square gradient computation procedure which minimizes the second order dissipative error contribution to the face reconstruction on structured Cartesian meshes. The second is a slope limiting scheme which enforces local monotonicity near discontinuities without the detrimental effect of limiting in smooth regions of the flowfield. In addition, for density-based methods employing flux-difference splitting for the convective teens, a recently proposed weighted-average for obtaining the reconstructed face variable values is used, which improves accuracy in subsonic flow regions and eliminates the need for preconditioning. The new method has been implemented into the Ansys FLUENT and Loci-CHEM flow solvers, and is validated for several test cases by comparison to a conventional linear reconstruction implementation. Results clearly show the advantage of the new scheme over conventional upwind-biased second order schemes in terms of accuracy, particularly with regard to LES/DNS simulation. The most significant improvement is obtained for Cartesian meshes and low Mach number flows, but all test cases showed some level of improvement using the new scheme. The method is also quantified in terms of increased computational cost versus traditional methods. Based on results shown here, the method appears to represent a viable alternative to currently used centered and blended schemes in terms of accuracy, robustness, and computational expense.
C1 [Poe, Nicole M. W.; Walters, D. Keith; Luke, Edward A.] Mississippi State Univ, Starkville, MS 39762 USA.
[Morris, Christopher I.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA.
RP Poe, NMW (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Starkville, MS 39762 USA.
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5746-5
PY 2016
AR V07AT09A029
PG 12
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA BF0WT
UT WOS:000379703300029
ER
PT B
AU Tucker, CJ
AF Tucker, Compton J.
BE Thenkabail, PS
TI Foreword: Satellite Remote Sensing Beyond 2015
SO REMOTELY SENSED DATA CHARACTERIZATION, CLASSIFICATION, AND ACCURACIES
SE Remote Sensing Handbook
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
C1 [Tucker, Compton J.] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Div Earth Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Tucker, CJ (reprint author), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Div Earth Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4822-1787-2; 978-1-4822-1786-5
J9 REMOTE SENS HBK
PY 2016
VL 1
BP XI
EP XV
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing
SC Geology; Remote Sensing
GA BE8ZW
UT WOS:000377171900001
ER
PT B
AU Teillet, PM
Chander, G
AF Teillet, Philippe M.
Chander, Gyanesh
BE Thenkabail, PS
TI Postlaunch Radiometric Calibration of Satellite-Based Optical Sensors
with Emphasis on Terrestrial Reference Standard Sites
SO REMOTELY SENSED DATA CHARACTERIZATION, CLASSIFICATION, AND ACCURACIES
SE Remote Sensing Handbook
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID LANDSAT-5 THEMATIC MAPPER; NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; HIGH-RESOLUTION
RADIOMETER; IN-FLIGHT CALIBRATION; RAILROAD VALLEY PLAYA; SIMULTANEOUS
NADIR OBSERVATIONS; REFLECTIVE SPECTRAL-DOMAIN; EARTH OBSERVATION
SENSORS; THERMAL BAND CALIBRATION; AVHRR SHORTWAVE CHANNELS
C1 [Teillet, Philippe M.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Phys & Astron, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
[Chander, Gyanesh] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Data Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Teillet, PM (reprint author), Univ Lethbridge, Dept Phys & Astron, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
NR 301
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4822-1787-2; 978-1-4822-1786-5
J9 REMOTE SENS HBK
PY 2016
VL 1
BP 109
EP 131
PG 23
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing
SC Geology; Remote Sensing
GA BE8ZW
UT WOS:000377171900009
ER
PT B
AU Myint, SW
Mesev, V
Quattrochi, DA
Wentz, EA
AF Myint, Soe W.
Mesev, Victor
Quattrochi, Dale A.
Wentz, Elizabeth A.
BE Thenkabail, PS
TI Urban Image Classification: Per-Pixel Classifiers, Subpixel Analysis,
Object-Based Image Analysis, and Geospatial Methods
SO REMOTELY SENSED DATA CHARACTERIZATION, CLASSIFICATION, AND ACCURACIES
SE Remote Sensing Handbook
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD
CLASSIFICATION; REMOTELY-SENSED IMAGES; EXPERT-SYSTEM RULES;
MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES; ORIENTED APPROACH; SCENE MODELS; TEXTURE;
VEGETATION
C1 [Myint, Soe W.; Wentz, Elizabeth A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Mesev, Victor] Florida State Univ, Dept Geog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Quattrochi, Dale A.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA.
RP Myint, SW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 73
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4822-1787-2; 978-1-4822-1786-5
J9 REMOTE SENS HBK
PY 2016
VL 1
BP 219
EP 230
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing
SC Geology; Remote Sensing
GA BE8ZW
UT WOS:000377171900017
ER
PT B
AU Tilton, JC
Aksoy, S
Tarabalka, Y
AF Tilton, James C.
Aksoy, Selim
Tarabalka, Yuliya
BE Thenkabail, PS
TI Image Segmentation Algorithms for Land Categorization
SO REMOTELY SENSED DATA CHARACTERIZATION, CLASSIFICATION, AND ACCURACIES
SE Remote Sensing Handbook
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGES; MORPHOLOGICAL SEGMENTATION; SATELLITE IMAGERY;
CLASSIFICATION; MERGE; OPTIMIZATION; INFORMATION; DELINEATION;
WATERSHEDS; NETWORKS
C1 [Tilton, James C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Aksoy, Selim] Bilkent Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Ankara, Turkey.
[Tarabalka, Yuliya] Sophia Antipolis Mediterranee, Sophia Antipolis, France.
RP Tilton, JC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 121
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4822-1787-2; 978-1-4822-1786-5
J9 REMOTE SENS HBK
PY 2016
VL 1
BP 317
EP 342
PG 26
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing
SC Geology; Remote Sensing
GA BE8ZW
UT WOS:000377171900023
ER
PT J
AU Schumann, GJP
Andreadis, KM
AF Schumann, Guy J. -P.
Andreadis, Konstantinos M.
TI A Method to Assess Localized Impact of Better Floodplain Topography on
Flood Risk Prediction
SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID KALMAN FILTER; SCALE; MODEL
AB Many studies have highlighted the need for a higher accuracy global digital elevation model (DEM), mainly in river floodplains and deltas and along coastlines. In this paper, we present a method to infer the impact of a better DEM on applications and science using the Lower Zambezi basin as a use case. We propose an analysis based on a targeted observation algorithm to evaluate potential data acquisition subregions in terms of their impact on the prediction of flood risk over the entire study area. Consequently, it becomes trivial to rank these subregions in terms of their contribution to the overall accuracy of flood prediction. The improvement from better topography data may be expressed in terms of economic output and population affected, providing a multifaceted assessment of the value of acquiring better elevation data. Our results highlight the notion that having higher resolution measurements would improve our current large-scale flood inundation prediction capabilities in the Lower Zambezi by at least 30% and significantly reduce the number of people affected as well as the economic loss associated with high magnitude flooding. We believe this procedure to be simple enough to be applied to other regions where high quality topographic and hydrodynamic data are currently unavailable.
C1 [Schumann, Guy J. -P.] Remote Sensing Solut Inc, Monrovia, CA 91016 USA.
[Schumann, Guy J. -P.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England.
[Andreadis, Konstantinos M.] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Schumann, GJP (reprint author), Remote Sensing Solut Inc, Monrovia, CA 91016 USA.; Schumann, GJP (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England.
EM gjpschumann@gmail.com
FU NASA THP grant [13-THP13-0042]
FX G. J.-P. Schumann and K. M. Andreadis' time was supported by a NASA THP
grant (13-THP13-0042). Part of this research was carried out at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1687-9309
EI 1687-9317
J9 ADV METEOROL
JI Adv. Meteorol.
PY 2016
AR 6408319
DI 10.1155/2016/6408319
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DQ2TV
UT WOS:000379056900001
ER
PT J
AU De Luca, M
Abbondati, F
Yager, TJ
Dell'Acqua, G
AF De Luca, Mario
Abbondati, Francesco
Yager, Thomas J.
Dell'Acqua, Gianluca
TI FIELD MEASUREMENTS ON RUNWAY FRICTION DECAY RELATED TO RUBBER DEPOSITS
SO TRANSPORT
LA English
DT Article
DE airport; runway; rubber deposits; friction; decay curve; grip number;
airport pavement management system
AB Surfaces of airport pavements are subject to contamination that can be very dangerous for the movement of aircraft particularly on the runway. A recurrent problem is represented by the deposits of vulcanized rubber of aircraft tires in the touchdown area during landings and lesser during take-offs. This causes a loss of grip that compromises the safety of aircraft movements in take-off and landing operations. This study deals with the surface characteristics decay phenomenon related to contamination from rubber deposits. The experiment was conducted by correlating the pavement surface characteristics, as detected by Grip Tester, to air traffic before and after de-rubberizing operation and two models were constructed for the assessment of functional capacity of the runway before and after the operations de-rubberizing.
C1 [De Luca, Mario; Abbondati, Francesco; Dell'Acqua, Gianluca] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Naples, Italy.
[Yager, Thomas J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Abbondati, F (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Naples, Italy.
EM francesco.abbondati@unina.it
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 3
PU VILNIUS GEDIMINAS TECH UNIV
PI VILNIUS
PA SAULETEKIO AL 11, VILNIUS, LT-10223, LITHUANIA
SN 1648-4142
EI 1648-3480
J9 TRANSPORT-VILNIUS
JI Transport
PY 2016
VL 31
IS 2
SI SI
BP 177
EP 182
DI 10.3846/16484142.2016.1192062
PG 6
WC Transportation Science & Technology
SC Transportation
GA DQ0UJ
UT WOS:000378916500007
ER
PT J
AU Cavitte, MGP
Blankenship, DD
Young, DA
Schroeder, DM
Parrenin, F
Lemeur, E
Macgregor, JA
Siegert, MJ
AF Cavitte, Marie G. P.
Blankenship, Donald D.
Young, Duncan A.
Schroeder, Dustin M.
Parrenin, Frederic
Lemeur, Emmanuel
Macgregor, Joseph A.
Siegert, Martin J.
TI Deep radiostratigraphy of the East Antarctic plateau: connecting the
Dome C and Vostok ice core sites
SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE airborne electromagnetic soundings; ice chronology/dating; radio-echo
sounding
ID RADAR-SOUNDING DATA; POLAR ICE; UNCONFORMABLE STRATIGRAPHY; CHRONOLOGY
AICC2012; SHEET; CLIMATE; ACCUMULATION; STATION; COSETS; LAYERS
AB Several airborne radar-sounding surveys are used to trace internal reflections around the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica Dome C and Vostok ice core sites. Thirteen reflections, spanning the last two glacial cycles, are traced within 200 km of Dome C, a promising region for million-year-old ice, using the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics High-Capacity Radar Sounder. This provides a dated stratigraphy to 2318 m depth at Dome C. Reflection age uncertainties are calculated from the radar range precision and signal-to-noise ratio of the internal reflections. The radar stratigraphy matches well with the Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS) radar stratigraphy obtained independently. We show that radar sounding enables the extension of ice core ages through the ice sheet with an additional radar-related age uncertainty of similar to 1/3-1/2 that of the ice cores. Reflections are extended along the Byrd-Totten Glacier divide, using University of Texas/Technical University of Denmark and MCoRDS surveys. However, core-to-core connection is impeded by pervasive aeolian terranes, and Lake Vostok's influence on reflection geometry. Poor radar connection of the two ice cores is attributed to these effects and suboptimal survey design in affected areas. We demonstrate that, while ice sheet internal radar reflections are generally isochronal and can be mapped over large distances, careful survey planning is necessary to extend ice core chronologies to distant regions of the East Antarctic ice sheet.
C1 [Cavitte, Marie G. P.; Blankenship, Donald D.; Young, Duncan A.; Macgregor, Joseph A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
[Schroeder, Dustin M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Parrenin, Frederic; Lemeur, Emmanuel] UJF Grenoble I, CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, BP 96, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France.
[Siegert, Martin J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Grantham Inst, London SW7 2AZ, England.
[Siegert, Martin J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England.
[Schroeder, Dustin M.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Macgregor, Joseph A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Cavitte, MGP (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
EM mcavitte@ig.utexas.edu
RI Siegert, Martin/A-3826-2008; Young, Duncan/G-6256-2010
OI Siegert, Martin/0000-0002-0090-4806; Young, Duncan/0000-0002-6866-8176
FU NSF [ANT-0733025, ARC-0941678, ANT-0424589]; NASA [NNX08AN68G,
NNX09AR52G, NNX11AD33G]; Jackson School of Geosciences; G. Unger
Vetlesen Foundation; NERC [NE/D003733/1]; Global Innovation Initiative
award from British Council; NASA Operation IceBridge grant [NNX13AD53A];
NASA; French ANR Dome A project [ANR-07-BLAN-0125]
FX This work was supported by NSF grants ANT-0733025 and ARC-0941678, NASA
grants NNX08AN68G, NNX09AR52G, and NNX11AD33G (Operation Ice Bridge) to
Texas, the Jackson School of Geosciences, the G. Unger Vetlesen
Foundation, NERC grant NE/D003733/1 and the Global Innovation Initiative
award from the British Council. We acknowledge the use of data products
from CReSIS generated with support from NSF grant ANT-0424589 and NASA
Operation IceBridge grant NNX13AD53A. A portion of this work was carried
out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
under a contract with the NASA. Operational support was provided by the
U. S. Antarctic Program and by the Institut Polaire Francais Paul Emile
Victor (IPEV) and the Italian Antarctic Program (PNRA and ENEA). We
thank the staff of Concordia Station and the Kenn Borek Air flight crew.
Additional support was provided by the French ANR Dome A project
(ANR-07-BLAN-0125). Finally, we thank the Scientific Editor and
anonymous referees for constructive reviews. We thank Justin Hiester for
his editorial help. This is UTIG contribution 2915.
NR 52
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 5
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 0022-1430
EI 1727-5652
J9 J GLACIOL
JI J. Glaciol.
PY 2016
VL 62
IS 232
BP 323
EP 334
DI 10.1017/jog.2016.11
PG 12
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA DP9OG
UT WOS:000378825100009
ER
PT J
AU Chan, HL
Pan, ML
AF Chan, Hing Ling
Pan, Minling
TI Spillover Effects of Environmental Regulation for Sea Turtle Protection
in the Hawaii Longline Swordfish Fishery
SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Hawaii swordfish longline fishery; spillover effect; turtle bycatch
ID INDIVIDUAL VESSEL QUOTAS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; CARETTA-CARETTA; FISHING
PRESSURE; MARINE RESERVES; BYCATCH; MANAGEMENT; HABITAT; LEAKAGE; POLICY
AB This study examines spillover effects resulting from US fishing regulations instituted to protect sea turtles. Sea turtles, along with US and foreign fisheries for swordfish co-occur on the high seas in the North and Central Pacific and that allows for "spillover effects." When one fishery is required to curtail fishing activity to reduce incidental fishing mortality on sea turtle populations, the activity of other, unregulated fleets may change in ways that adversely affect the very species intended for protection. This study provides an empirical model that estimates these "spillover effects" on sea turtle bycatch resulting from production displacement between regulated US and less-regulated non-US fleets in the North and Central Pacific Ocean. The study demonstrates strong spillover effects, resulting in more sea turtle interaction due to increased foreign fleet activity when Hawaii swordfish production declines.
C1 [Chan, Hing Ling] Univ Hawaii, JIMAR, NOAA Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA IRC,NMFS PIFSC ESD Socioecon, 1845 Wasp Blvd.,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA.
[Pan, Minling] NOAA IRC, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS PIFSC ESD Socioecon, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA.
RP Chan, HL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, JIMAR, NOAA Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA IRC,NMFS PIFSC ESD Socioecon, 1845 Wasp Blvd.,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA.
EM hingling.chan@noaa.gov; minling.pan@noaa.gov
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA11NMF4320128]
FX Funding for this study was provided to the Joint Institute for Marine
and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) via National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA), grant number NA11NMF4320128. The authors declare
that there are no conflicts of interest. The views expressed herein are
those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or
any of its subdivisions.
NR 40
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 4
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0738-1360
EI 2334-5985
J9 MAR RESOUR ECON
JI Mar. Resour. Econ.
PY 2016
VL 31
IS 3
BP 259
EP 279
DI 10.1086/686672
PG 21
WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries
SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries
GA DP6BI
UT WOS:000378581500001
ER
PT J
AU Massie, ST
Delano, J
Bardeen, CG
Jiang, JH
Huang, L
AF Massie, Steven T.
Delano, Julien
Bardeen, Charles G.
Jiang, Jonathan H.
Huang, Lei
TI Changes in the shape of cloud ice water content vertical structure due
to aerosol variations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; A-TRAIN; INVIGORATION; PRODUCTS; PRECIPITATION;
IMPACTS; MISSION; OCEAN; MODIS
AB Changes in the shape of cloud ice water content (IWC) vertical structure due to variations in Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depths (AODs), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) absorptive aerosol optical depths (AAODs), and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) CO (an absorptive aerosol proxy) at 215aEuro-hPa are calculated in the Tropics during 2007-2010 based upon an analysis of DARDAR IWC profiles for deep convective clouds. DARDAR profiles are a joint retrieval of CloudSat-CALIPSO data. Analysis is performed for 12 separate regions over land and ocean, and carried out applying MODIS AOD fields that attempt to correct for 3-D cloud adjacency effects. The 3-D cloud adjacency effects have a small impact upon our particular calculations of aerosol-cloud indirect effects. IWC profiles are averaged for three AOD bins individually for the 12 regions. The IWC average profiles are also normalized to unity at 5aEuro-km altitude in order to study changes in the shape of the average IWC profiles as AOD increases. Derivatives of the IWC average profiles, and derivatives of the IWC shape profiles, in percent change per 0.1 change in MODIS AOD units, are calculated separately for each region. Means of altitude-specific probability distribution functions, which include both ocean and land IWC shape regional derivatives, are modest, near 5aEuro-%, and positive to the 2 sigma level between 11 and 15aEuro-km altitude. Similar analyses are carried out for three AAOD and three CO bins. On average, the vertical profiles of the means of the derivatives based upon the profile shapes over land and ocean are smaller for the profiles binned according to AAOD and CO values, than for the MODIS AODs, which include both scattering and absorptive aerosol. This difference in character supports the assertion that absorptive aerosol can inhibit cloud development.
C1 [Massie, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Delano, Julien] LATMOS IPSL UVSQ CNRS, Guyancourt, France.
[Massie, Steven T.; Bardeen, Charles G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res Atmospher Chem & Modeling, Boulder, CO USA.
[Jiang, Jonathan H.; Huang, Lei] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Massie, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Massie, ST (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res Atmospher Chem & Modeling, Boulder, CO USA.
EM steven.massie@lasp.colorado.edu
FU NASA [NNX14AL55G, NNX14AO85G]; National Science Foundation; Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under NASA
FX The work discussed in this paper is supported by NASA Grants NNX14AL55G
and NNX14AO85G. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is
supported by the National Science Foundation. We also acknowledge the
support by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, under contract with NASA.
NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 10
BP 6091
EP 6105
DI 10.5194/acp-16-6091-2016
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DP2WL
UT WOS:000378354100005
ER
PT J
AU Bousserez, N
Henze, DK
Rooney, B
Perkins, A
Wecht, KJ
Turner, AJ
Natraj, V
Worden, JR
AF Bousserez, Nicolas
Henze, Daven K.
Rooney, Brigitte
Perkins, Andre
Wecht, Kevin J.
Turner, Alexander J.
Natraj, Vijay
Worden, John R.
TI Constraints on methane emissions in North America from future
geostationary remote-sensing measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; UNITED-STATES; DIURNAL DYNAMICS; SATELLITE
DATA; AURA TES; GOSAT; OZONE; CH4; POLLUTION; WETLAND
AB The success of future geostationary (GEO) satellite observation missions depends on our ability to design instruments that address their key scientific objectives. In this study, an Observation System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) is performed to quantify the constraints on methane (CH4) emissions in North America obtained from shortwave infrared (SWIR), thermal infrared (TIR), and multi-spectral (SWIR+TIR) measurements in geostationary orbit and from future SWIR low-Earth orbit (LEO) measurements. An efficient stochastic algorithm is used to compute the information content of the inverted emissions at high spatial resolution (0.5A degrees aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-0.7A degrees) in a variational framework using the GEOS-Chem chemistry-transport model and its adjoint. Our results show that at sub-weekly timescales, SWIR measurements in GEO orbit can constrain about twice as many independent flux patterns than in LEO orbit, with a degree of freedom for signal (DOF) for the inversion of 266 and 115, respectively. Comparisons between TIR GEO and SWIR LEO configurations reveal that poor boundary layer sensitivities for the TIR measurements cannot be compensated for by the high spatiotemporal sampling of a GEO orbit. The benefit of a multi-spectral instrument compared to current SWIR products in a GEO context is shown for sub-weekly timescale constraints, with an increase in the DOF of about 50aEuro-% for a 3-day inversion. Our results further suggest that both the SWIR and multi-spectral measurements on GEO orbits could almost fully resolve CH4 fluxes at a spatial resolution of at least 100aEuro-kmaEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-100aEuro-km over source hotspots (emissions > aEuro-4aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-10(5)aEuro-kgaEuro-day(-1)). The sensitivity of the optimized emission scaling factors to typical errors in boundary and initial conditions can reach 30 and 50aEuro-% for the SWIR GEO or SWIR LEO configurations, respectively, while it is smaller than 5aEuro-% in the case of a multi-spectral GEO system. Overall, our results demonstrate that multi-spectral measurements from a geostationary satellite platform would address the need for higher spatiotemporal constraints on CH4 emissions while greatly mitigating the impact of inherent uncertainties in source inversion methods on the inferred fluxes.
C1 [Bousserez, Nicolas; Henze, Daven K.; Rooney, Brigitte; Perkins, Andre] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Natraj, Vijay; Worden, John R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Wecht, Kevin J.; Turner, Alexander J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Perkins, Andre] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Bousserez, N (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM nicolas.bousserez@colorado.edu
RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014;
OI Perkins, Walter/0000-0001-7742-7609
FU NASA GEO-CAPE Science Team [NNX14AH02G]; NOAA [NA14OAR4310136]; National
Science Foundation [CNS-0 821 794]; Department of Energy (DOE)
Computational Science Graduate Fellowship (CSGF)
FX This project was supported by NASA GEO-CAPE Science Team grant
NNX14AH02G and NOAA grant NA14OAR4310136. This work utilized the Janus
supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation
(award number CNS-0 821 794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. The
Janus supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado
Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver and the National Center for
Atmospheric Research. Alexander J. Turner was supported by a Department
of Energy (DOE) Computational Science Graduate Fellowship (CSGF). Part
of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration.
NR 54
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 7
U2 15
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 10
BP 6175
EP 6190
DI 10.5194/acp-16-6175-2016
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DP2WL
UT WOS:000378354100009
ER
PT J
AU Jiang, Z
Miyazaki, K
Worden, JR
Liu, JJ
Jones, DBA
Henze, DK
AF Jiang, Zhe
Miyazaki, Kazuyuki
Worden, John R.
Liu, Jane J.
Jones, Dylan B. A.
Henze, Daven K.
TI Impacts of anthropogenic and natural sources on free tropospheric ozone
over the Middle East
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ASIAN MONSOON ANTICYCLONE; SATELLITE DATA; LIGHTNING NOX; EMISSIONS;
ASSIMILATION; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; MODEL; OMI; VARIABILITY
AB Significant progress has been made in identifying the influence of different processes and emissions on the summertime enhancements of free tropospheric ozone (O-3) at northern midlatitude regions. However, the exact contribution of regional emissions, chemical and transport processes to these summertime enhancements is still not well quantified. Here we focus on quantifying the influence of regional emissions on the summertime O-3 enhancements over the Middle East, using updated reactive nitrogen (NOx) emissions. We then use the adjoint of the GEOS-Chem model with these updated NOx emissions to show that the global total contribution of lightning NOx on middle free tropospheric O-3 over the Middle East is about 2 times larger than that from global anthropogenic sources. The summertime middle free tropospheric O-3 enhancement is primarily due to Asian NOx emissions, with approximately equivalent contributions from Asian anthropogenic activities and lightning. In the Middle Eastern lower free troposphere, lightning NOx from Europe and North America and anthropogenic NOx from Middle Eastern local emissions are the primary sources of O-3. This work highlights the critical role of lightning NOx on northern midlatitude free tropospheric O-3 and the important effect of the Asian summer monsoon on the export of Asian pollutants.
C1 [Jiang, Zhe; Worden, John R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Miyazaki, Kazuyuki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
[Liu, Jane J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog & Planning, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Liu, Jane J.] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Jones, Dylan B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Henze, Daven K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Jiang, Zhe] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Jiang, Z (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM zhejiang@ucar.edu
RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014
NR 40
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 10
BP 6537
EP 6546
DI 10.5194/acp-16-6537-2016
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DP2WL
UT WOS:000378354100030
ER
PT J
AU Lee, H
Kalashnikova, OV
Suzuki, K
Braverman, A
Garay, MJ
Kahn, RA
AF Lee, Huikyo
Kalashnikova, Olga V.
Suzuki, Kentaroh
Braverman, Amy
Garay, Michael J.
Kahn, Ralph A.
TI Climatology of the aerosol optical depth by components from the
Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) and chemistry transport
models
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO; AIR-QUALITY; SATELLITE; DUST; SIMULATIONS;
EMISSIONS; PRODUCTS; RETRIEVALS; THICKNESS; POLLUTION
AB The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) Joint Aerosol (JOINT_AS) Level 3 product has provided a global, descriptive summary of MISR Level 2 aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol type information for each month over 16+aEuro-years since March 2000. Using Version 1 of JOINT_AS, which is based on the operational (Version 22) MISR Level 2 aerosol product, this study analyzes, for the first time, characteristics of observed and simulated distributions of AOD for three broad classes of aerosols: spherical nonabsorbing, spherical absorbing, and nonspherical - near or downwind of their major source regions. The statistical moments (means, standard deviations, and skewnesses) and distributions of AOD by components derived from the JOINT_AS are compared with results from two chemistry transport models (CTMs), the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) and SPectral RadIatioN-TrAnSport (SPRINTARS). Overall, the AOD distributions retrieved from MISR and modeled by GOCART and SPRINTARS agree with each other in a qualitative sense. Marginal distributions of AOD for each aerosol type in both MISR and models show considerable high positive skewness, which indicates the importance of including extreme AOD events when comparing satellite retrievals with models. The MISR JOINT_AS product will greatly facilitate comparisons between satellite observations and model simulations of aerosols by type.
C1 [Lee, Huikyo; Kalashnikova, Olga V.; Braverman, Amy; Garay, Michael J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Suzuki, Kentaroh] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
[Kahn, Ralph A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Lee, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM huikyo.lee@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Suzuki, Kentaroh/C-3624-2011
FU Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of
the Environment, Japan [S-12]; JAXA/EarthCARE project; GCOM-C project;
NASA
FX This work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. We thank the MISR
team for providing facilities and useful discussions. K. Suzuki was
supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund
(S-12) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan, and by funds from
JAXA/EarthCARE and GCOM-C projects. The work of Ralph A. Kahn is
supported in part by NASA's Climate and Radiation Research and Analysis
Program under H. Maring, NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program under R.
Eckman, and the NASA Earth Observing System MISR instrument project.
NR 71
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 6
U2 9
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 10
BP 6627
EP 6640
DI 10.5194/acp-16-6627-2016
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DP2WL
UT WOS:000378354100036
ER
PT J
AU Moradi, I
Arkin, P
Ferraro, R
Eriksson, P
Fetzer, E
AF Moradi, Isaac
Arkin, Philip
Ferraro, Ralph
Eriksson, Patrick
Fetzer, Eric
TI Diurnal variation of tropospheric relative humidity in tropical regions
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER-VAPOR; CLIMATOLOGY; CYCLE; PRECIPITATION; CONVECTION; FEEDBACK;
PACIFIC
AB Despite the importance of water vapor especially in the tropical region, the diurnal variations of water vapor have not been completely investigated in the past due to the lack of adequate observations. Measurements from Sondeur Atmosph,rique du Profil d'Humidit, Intertropicale par Radiom,trie (SAPHIR) onboard the low inclination Megha-Tropiques satellite with frequent daily revisits provide a valuable dataset for investigating the diurnal and spatial variation of tropospheric relative humidity in the tropical region. In this study, we first transformed SAPHIR observations into layer-averaged relative humidity, then partitioned the data based on local observation time into 24 bins with a grid resolution of one degree. Afterwards, we fitted Fourier series to the binned data. Finally, the mean, amplitude, and diurnal peak time of relative humidity in tropical regions were calculated for each grid point using either the measurements or Fourier series. The results were separately investigated for different SAPHIR channels as well as for relative humidity with respect to both liquid and ice phases. The results showed that the wet and dry regions are, respectively, associated with convective and subsidence regions which is consistent with the previous studies. The mean tropospheric humidity values reported in this study are generally 10 to 15aEuro-% higher than those reported using infrared observations which is because of strict cloud screening for infrared measurements. The results showed a large inhomogeneity in diurnal variation of tropospheric relative humidity in tropical region. The diurnal amplitude was larger over land than over ocean and the oceanic amplitude was larger over convective regions than over subsidence regions. The results showed that the diurnal amplitude is less than 10aEuro-% in middle and upper troposphere, but it is up to 30aEuro-% in lower troposphere over land. Although the peak of RH generally occurs over night or in early morning, there are several regions where the diurnal peak occurs at other times of the day. The early morning peak time is because of a peak in convective activities in early morning. Additionally, a double peak was observed in tropospheric humidity over some regions which is consistent with double peak in precipitation.
C1 [Moradi, Isaac; Arkin, Philip] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Moradi, Isaac; Ferraro, Ralph] NOAA, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Eriksson, Patrick] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Fetzer, Eric] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Moradi, Isaac] NASA, GMAO, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Moradi, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Moradi, I (reprint author), NOAA, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Moradi, I (reprint author), NASA, GMAO, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM isaac.moradi@nasa.gov
RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Eriksson, Patrick/A-5321-2009
OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Eriksson,
Patrick/0000-0002-8475-0479
FU NOAA at the University of Maryland, Earth System Science
Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC) [NA09NES4400006]; National Aeronautics
and Space Administration
FX This study was supported by NOAA grant no. NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative
Institute for Climate and Satellites - CICS) at the University of
Maryland, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC). Part of
the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration. SAPHIR data are processed and
provided by Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), France. The
views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the
authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy, or
decision.
NR 30
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 11
BP 6913
EP 6929
DI 10.5194/acp-16-6913-2016
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DP2WQ
UT WOS:000378354600016
ER
PT J
AU Pereira, G
Siqueira, R
Rosario, NE
Longo, KL
Freitas, SR
Cardozo, FS
Kaiser, JW
Wooster, MJ
AF Pereira, Gabriel
Siqueira, Ricardo
Rosario, Nilton E.
Longo, Karla L.
Freitas, Saulo R.
Cardozo, Francielle S.
Kaiser, Johannes W.
Wooster, Martin J.
TI Assessment of fire emission inventories during the South American
Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) experiment
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FUEL MOISTURE-CONTENT; RADIATIVE ENERGY; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; BURNED AREA;
FOREST; MODIS; SATELLITE; PRODUCTS; SYSTEM; CARBON
AB Fires associated with land use and land cover changes release large amounts of aerosols and trace gases into the atmosphere. Although several inventories of biomass burning emissions cover Brazil, there are still considerable uncertainties and differences among them. While most fire emission inventories utilize the parameters of burned area, vegetation fuel load, emission factors, and other parameters to estimate the biomass burned and its associated emissions, several more recent inventories apply an alternative method based on fire radiative power (FRP) observations to estimate the amount of biomass burned and the corresponding emissions of trace gases and aerosols. The Brazilian Biomass Burning Emission Model (3BEM) and the Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINN) are examples of the first, while the Brazilian Biomass Burning Emission Model with FRP assimilation (3BEM_FRP) and the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) are examples of the latter. These four biomass burning emission inventories were used during the South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) field campaign. This paper analyzes and inter-compared them, focusing on eight regions in Brazil and the time period of 1 September-31 October 2012. Aerosol optical thickness (AOT(550aEuro-nm)) derived from measurements made by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) operating on board the Terra and Aqua satellites is also applied to assess the inventories' consistency. The daily area-averaged pyrogenic carbon monoxide (CO) emission estimates exhibit significant linear correlations (r, paEuro- > aEuro-0.05 level, Student t test) between 3BEM and FINN and between 3BEM_ FRP and GFAS, with values of 0.86 and 0.85, respectively. These results indicate that emission estimates in this region derived via similar methods tend to agree with one other. However, they differ more from the estimates derived via the alternative approach. The evaluation of MODIS AOT(550aEuro-nm) indicates that model simulation driven by 3BEM and FINN typically underestimate the smoke particle loading in the eastern region of Amazon forest, while 3BEM_FRP estimations to the area tend to overestimate fire emissions. The daily regional CO emission fluxes from 3BEM and FINN have linear correlation coefficients of 0.75-0.92, with typically 20-30aEuro-% higher emission fluxes in FINN. The daily regional CO emission fluxes from 3BEM_FRP and GFAS show linear correlation coefficients between 0.82 and 0.90, with a particularly strong correlation near the arc of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest. In this region, GFAS has a tendency to present higher CO emissions than 3BEM_FRP, while 3BEM_FRP yields more emissions in the area of soybean expansion east of the Amazon forest. Atmospheric aerosol optical thickness is simulated by using the emission inventories with two operational atmospheric chemistry transport models: the IFS from Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) and the Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (CCATT-BRAMS). Evaluation against MODIS observations shows a good representation of the general patterns of the AOT(550aEuro-nm) time series. However, the aerosol emissions from fires with particularly high biomass consumption still lead to an underestimation of the atmospheric aerosol load in both models.
C1 [Pereira, Gabriel; Cardozo, Francielle S.] Fed Univ Sao Joao del Rei UFSJ, Dept Geosci, Sao Joao Del Rei, Brazil.
[Siqueira, Ricardo; Longo, Karla L.; Freitas, Saulo R.] Natl Inst Space Res INPE, Ctr Weather Forecast & Climate Studies, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil.
[Rosario, Nilton E.] Sao Paulo Fed Univ UNIFESP, Dept Environm Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
[Kaiser, Johannes W.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany.
[Wooster, Martin J.] Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London WC2R 2LS, England.
[Wooster, Martin J.] NERC Natl Ctr Earth Observat NCEO, Leicester, Leics, England.
[Longo, Karla L.; Freitas, Saulo R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Longo, Karla L.; Freitas, Saulo R.] USRA GESTAR, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Pereira, G (reprint author), Fed Univ Sao Joao del Rei UFSJ, Dept Geosci, Sao Joao Del Rei, Brazil.
EM pereira@ufsj.edu.br
RI Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012; Kaiser, Johannes/A-7057-2012; Rosario,
Nilton/D-8687-2012
OI Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X; Kaiser,
Johannes/0000-0003-3696-9123;
FU Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2012/13575-9]; Minas Gerais
State Research Foundation (FAPEMIG) [APQ-01698-14]; NERC in the SAMBBA
project [NE/J010073/1]
FX We would like to thank the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for
their financial support (2012/13575-9) and Minas Gerais State Research
Foundation (FAPEMIG, grant number APQ-01698-14). J. W. Kaiser and M. J.
Wooster were supported by NERC in the SAMBBA project (grant number
NE/J010073/1). The MACC/ECMWF simulations were kindly provided by the
precursor of EU's Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service
(http://atmosphere.copernicus.eu). The authors thank two anonymous
reviewers for useful comments that helped improve the manuscript.
NR 48
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 6
U2 9
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 11
BP 6961
EP 6975
DI 10.5194/acp-16-6961-2016
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DP2WQ
UT WOS:000378354600019
ER
PT J
AU Veselovskii, I
Goloub, P
Podvin, T
Bovchaliuk, V
Derimian, Y
Augustin, P
Fourmentin, M
Tanre, D
Korenskiy, M
Whiteman, DN
Diallo, A
Ndiaye, T
Kolgotin, A
Dubovik, O
AF Veselovskii, I.
Goloub, P.
Podvin, T.
Bovchaliuk, V.
Derimian, Y.
Augustin, P.
Fourmentin, M.
Tanre, D.
Korenskiy, M.
Whiteman, D. N.
Diallo, A.
Ndiaye, T.
Kolgotin, A.
Dubovik, O.
TI Retrieval of optical and physical properties of African dust from
multiwavelength Raman lidar measurements during the SHADOW campaign in
Senegal
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; SAHARAN DUST; MINERAL DUST; PARTICLE
PARAMETERS; WATER-VAPOR; DESERT DUST; CAPE-VERDE; SAMUM 2006; AEROSOLS;
EXTINCTION
AB West Africa and the adjacent oceanic regions are very important locations for studying dust properties and their influence on weather and climate. The SHADOW (study of SaHAran Dust Over West Africa) campaign is performing a multiscale and multilaboratory study of aerosol properties and dynamics using a set of in situ and remote sensing instruments at an observation site located at the IRD (Institute for Research and Development) in Mbour, Senegal (14A degrees aEuro-N, 17A degrees aEuro-W). In this paper, we present the results of lidar measurements performed during the first phase of SHADOW (study of SaHAran Dust Over West Africa) which occurred in March-April 2015. The multiwavelength Mie-Raman lidar acquired 3 beta + 2 alpha + 1 delta measurements during this period. This set of measurements has permitted particle-intensive properties, such as extinction and backscattering ngstrom exponents (BAE) for 355/532aEuro-nm wavelengths' corresponding lidar ratios and depolarization ratio at 532aEuro-nm, to be determined. The mean values of dust lidar ratios during the observation period were about 53aEuro-sr at both 532 and 355aEuro-nm, which agrees with the values observed during the SAMUM-1 and SAMUM-2 campaigns held in Morocco and Cabo Verde in 2006 and 2008. The mean value of the particle depolarization ratio at 532aEuro-nm was 30aEuro-+/- aEuro-4.5aEuro-%; however, during strong dust episodes this ratio increased to 35aEuro-+/- aEuro-5aEuro-%, which is also in agreement with the results of the SAMUM campaigns. The backscattering ngstrom exponent during the dust episodes decreased to -0.7, while the extinction ngstrom exponent, though negative, was greater than -0.2. Low values of BAE can likely be explained by an increase in the imaginary part of the dust refractive index at 355aEuro-nm compared to 532aEuro-nm. The dust extinction and backscattering coefficients at multiple wavelengths were inverted to the particle microphysics using the regularization algorithm and the model of randomly oriented spheroids. The analysis performed has demonstrated that the spectral dependence of the imaginary part of the dust refractive index may significantly influence the inversion results and should be taken into account.
C1 [Veselovskii, I.; Korenskiy, M.; Kolgotin, A.] Phys Instrumentat Ctr GPI, Moscow, Russia.
[Veselovskii, I.] UMBC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Goloub, P.; Podvin, T.; Bovchaliuk, V.; Derimian, Y.; Tanre, D.; Dubovik, O.] Univ Lille, CNRS, Lab Opt Atmospherie, F-59650 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
[Augustin, P.; Fourmentin, M.] Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, Lab Physicochim Atmosphere, Dunkerque, France.
[Korenskiy, M.] Far Eastern Fed Univ, Vladivostok, Russia.
[Whiteman, D. N.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Diallo, A.; Ndiaye, T.] Inst Rech Dev, Dakar, Senegal.
RP Veselovskii, I (reprint author), Phys Instrumentat Ctr GPI, Moscow, Russia.; Veselovskii, I (reprint author), UMBC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
EM igorv@pic.troitsk.ru
FU Labex CaPPA; French National Research Agency (ANR) through the PIA
(Programme d'Investissement d'Avenir) [ANR-11-LABX-0005-01]; Regional
Council "Nord-Pas de Calais"; European Funds for Regional Economic
Development (FEDER); Russian Science Foundation [14-50-00034]
FX The authors are very grateful to IRD Dakar (Institut de Recherche pour
le Developpement) for their welcome and efficient support and also thank
the Labex CaPPA for supporting this campaign. The CaPPA project
(Chemical and Physical Properties of the Atmosphere) is funded by the
French National Research Agency (ANR) through the PIA (Programme
d'Investissement d'Avenir) under contract "ANR-11-LABX-0005-01" and by
the Regional Council "Nord-Pas de Calais" and the European Funds for
Regional Economic Development (FEDER). Development of lidar retrieval
algorithms was partly supported by Russian Science Foundation, (project
no. 14-50-00034). The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air
Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport
and dispersion model and/or READY website (http://www.ready.noaa.gov)
used in this publication.
NR 53
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 5
U2 9
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 11
BP 7013
EP 7028
DI 10.5194/acp-16-7013-2016
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DP2WQ
UT WOS:000378354600022
ER
PT J
AU Granados-Munoz, MJ
Navas-Guzman, F
Guerrero-Rascado, JL
Bravo-Aranda, JA
Binietoglou, I
Pereira, SN
Basart, S
Baldasano, JM
Belegante, L
Chaikovsky, A
Comeron, A
D'Amico, G
Dubovik, O
Ilic, L
Kokkalis, P
Munoz-Porcar, C
Nickovic, S
Nicolae, D
Olmo, FJ
Papayannis, A
Pappalardo, G
Rodriguez, A
Schepanski, K
Sicard, M
Vukovic, A
Wandinger, U
Dulac, F
Alados-Arboledas, L
AF Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose
Navas-Guzman, Francisco
Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis
Bravo-Aranda, Juan Antonio
Binietoglou, Ioannis
Pereira, Sergio Nepomuceno
Basart, Sara
Baldasano, Jose Maria
Belegante, Livio
Chaikovsky, Anatoli
Comeron, Adolfo
D'Amico, Giuseppe
Dubovik, Oleg
Ilic, Luka
Kokkalis, Panos
Munoz-Porcar, Constantino
Nickovic, Slobodan
Nicolae, Doina
Olmo, Francisco Jose
Papayannis, Alexander
Pappalardo, Gelsomina
Rodriguez, Alejandro
Schepanski, Kerstin
Sicard, Michael
Vukovic, Ana
Wandinger, Ulla
Dulac, Francois
Alados-Arboledas, Lucas
TI Profiling of aerosol microphysical properties at several
EARLINET/AERONET sites during the July 2012 ChArMEx/EMEP campaign
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN BASIN; NMMB/BSC-DUST MODEL; SAHARAN DUST; DESERT
DUST; NORTHERN AFRICA; MINERAL DUST; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GLOBAL SCALES;
RAMAN LIDAR; MIDDLE-EAST
AB The simultaneous analysis of aerosol microphysical properties profiles at different European stations is made in the framework of the ChArMEx/EMEP 2012 field campaign (9-11 July 2012). During and in support of this campaign, five lidar ground-based stations (Athens, Barcelona, Bucharest, A parts per thousand vora, and Granada) performed 72aEuro-h of continuous lidar measurements and collocated and coincident sun-photometer measurements. Therefore it was possible to retrieve volume concentration profiles with the Lidar Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC). Results indicated the presence of a mineral dust plume affecting the western Mediterranean region (mainly the Granada station), whereas a different aerosol plume was observed over the Balkans area. LIRIC profiles showed a predominance of coarse spheroid particles above Granada, as expected for mineral dust, and an aerosol plume composed mainly of fine and coarse spherical particles above Athens and Bucharest. Due to the exceptional characteristics of the ChArMEx database, the analysis of the microphysical properties profiles' temporal evolution was also possible. An in-depth analysis was performed mainly at the Granada station because of the availability of continuous lidar measurements and frequent AERONET inversion retrievals. The analysis at Granada was of special interest since the station was affected by mineral dust during the complete analyzed period. LIRIC was found to be a very useful tool for performing continuous monitoring of mineral dust, allowing for the analysis of the dynamics of the dust event in the vertical and temporal coordinates. Results obtained here illustrate the importance of having collocated and simultaneous advanced lidar and sun-photometer measurements in order to characterize the aerosol microphysical properties in both the vertical and temporal coordinates at a regional scale. In addition, this study revealed that the use of the depolarization information as input in LIRIC in the stations of Bucharest, A parts per thousand vora, and Granada was crucial for the characterization of the aerosol types and their distribution in the vertical column, whereas in stations lacking depolarization lidar channels, ancillary information was needed. Results obtained were also used for the validation of different mineral dust models. In general, the models better forecast the vertical distribution of the mineral dust than the column-integrated mass concentration, which was underestimated in most of the cases.
C1 [Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose; Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis; Bravo-Aranda, Juan Antonio; Olmo, Francisco Jose; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas] Univ Granada, Fac Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Fuentenueva S-N, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
[Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose; Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis; Bravo-Aranda, Juan Antonio; Olmo, Francisco Jose; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas] Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res IISTA CEAMA, Avda Mediterraneo S-N, Granada 18006, Spain.
[Navas-Guzman, Francisco] Univ Bern, IAP, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
[Binietoglou, Ioannis; Belegante, Livio; Nicolae, Doina] Natl Inst R&D Optoelect, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania.
[Pereira, Sergio Nepomuceno] Univ Evora, IIFA, Inst Ciencias Terra, Dept Fis,ECT, Evora, Portugal.
[Basart, Sara; Baldasano, Jose Maria] BSC CNS, Dept Earth Sci, Barcelona, Spain.
[Chaikovsky, Anatoli] Natl Acad Sci Belarus, Inst Phys, Minsk, Byelarus.
[Comeron, Adolfo; Munoz-Porcar, Constantino; Rodriguez, Alejandro; Sicard, Michael] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Remote Sensing Lab RSLab, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Barcelona, Spain.
[D'Amico, Giuseppe; Pappalardo, Gelsomina] CNR IMAA, Potenza, Italy.
[Dubovik, Oleg] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, Bat P5 Cite Sci, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
[Ilic, Luka; Nickovic, Slobodan] Univ Belgrade, Inst Phys, Belgrade, Serbia.
[Kokkalis, Panos; Papayannis, Alexander] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Laser Remote Sensing Lab, Zografos, Greece.
[Nickovic, Slobodan; Vukovic, Ana] South East European Virtual Climate Change Ctr, Republ Hydrometeorol Serv, Belgrade, Serbia.
[Schepanski, Kerstin; Wandinger, Ulla] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
[Sicard, Michael] Univ Politecn Cataluna, CTE CRAE IEEC, Barcelona, Spain.
[Vukovic, Ana] Univ Belgrade, Fac Agr, Belgrade, Serbia.
[Dulac, Francois] CEA Saclay, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm IPSL LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA USA.
RP Granados-Munoz, MJ (reprint author), Univ Granada, Fac Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Fuentenueva S-N, E-18071 Granada, Spain.; Granados-Munoz, MJ (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA USA.
EM mamunoz@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Guerrero Rascado, Juan Luis/K-3631-2013; Nepomuceno Pereira,
Sergio/B-2042-2017; Belegante, Livio/B-5812-2012;
OI Nepomuceno Pereira, Sergio/0000-0002-3727-8183; Comeron,
Adolfo/0000-0001-6886-3679; Rodriguez-Gomez,
Alejandro/0000-0002-9209-0685; Guerrero-Rascado, J.
L./0000-0002-8317-2304
FU Andalusia Regional Government [P12-RNM-2409, P10-RNM-6299]; Spanish
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [TEC2012-34575, TEC2015-63832-P,
CGL2013-45410-R, CGL2011-13580-E/CLI, CGL2011-16124-E, CGL2013-46736-R];
Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [UNPC10-4E-442]; EU through
H2020 project ACTRIS2 [654109]; University of Granada [9]; Department of
Economy and Knowledge of the Catalan autonomous government [2014 SGR
583]; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [AP2009-0552];
Portuguese Government [SFRH/BPD/81132/2011, FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-029212
(PTDC/GEO-MET/4222/2012)]; CICYT [CGL2010-19652, CGL2013-46736]; Severo
Ochoa Programme of the Spanish Government [SEV-2011-00067]; Ministry of
Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia [III43007]; European
Union [289923 - ITaRS]; ACTRIS-2 (EUH2020 grant) [654109]
FX This work was supported by the Andalusia Regional Government through
projects P12-RNM-2409 and P10-RNM-6299, by the Spanish Ministry of
Economy and Competitiveness through projects TEC2012-34575,
TEC2015-63832-P, CGL2013-45410-R, CGL2011-13580-E/CLI, CGL2011-16124-E,
and CGL2013-46736-R; by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
(project UNPC10-4E-442); the EU through the H2020 project ACTRIS2
(contract number 654109); by the University of Granada through the
contract "Plan Propio. Programa 9. Convocatoria 2013"; and by the
Department of Economy and Knowledge of the Catalan autonomous government
(grant 2014 SGR 583). M. J. Granados-Munoz was funded under grant
AP2009-0552 from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science. S. N.
Pereira was funded under fellowship SFRH/BPD/81132/2011 and projects
FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-029212 (PTDC/GEO-MET/4222/2012 from the Portuguese
Government). S. Basart and J. M. Baldasano acknowledge the CICYT project
(CGL2010-19652 and CGL2013-46736) and Severo Ochoa Programme
(SEV-2011-00067) of the Spanish Government. BSC-DREAM8b and
NMMB/BSC-Dust simulations were performed on the Mare Nostrum
supercomputer hosted by Barcelona Supercomputing Center-Centro Nacional
de Supercomputacion (BSC-CNS). This paper was realized also as a part of
the project III43007 financed by the Ministry of Education and Science
of the Republic of Serbia within the framework of integrated and
interdisciplinary research for the period 2011-2015. It has also
received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme
for research, technological development, and demonstration under grant
agreement no. 289923 - ITaRS. The CIMEL calibration was performed at the
AERONET-EUROPE calibration center, supported by ACTRIS-2 (EUH2020 grant
agreement no. 654109. The authors express gratitude to the NOAA Air
Resources Laboratory for the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model; the
ICARE Data and Services Center the MODIS team; and the ChArMEx project
of the MISTRALS (Mediterranean Integrated Studies at Regional And Local
Scales; http://www.mistrals-home.org) multidisciplinary research
programme.
NR 86
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 11
BP 7043
EP 7066
DI 10.5194/acp-16-7043-2016
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DP2WQ
UT WOS:000378354600024
ER
PT J
AU Olsen, MA
Wargan, K
Pawson, S
AF Olsen, Mark A.
Wargan, Krzysztof
Pawson, Steven
TI Tropospheric column ozone response to ENSO in GEOS-5 assimilation of OMI
and MLS ozone data
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; 1997-1998 EL-NINO; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS;
VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; CLIMATE VARIABILITY;
TRANSPORT MODEL; TRENDS; STRATOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY
AB We use GEOS-5 analyses of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) ozone observations to investigate the magnitude and spatial distribution of the El Nio Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence on tropospheric column ozone (TCO) into the middle latitudes. This study provides the first explicit spatially resolved characterization of the ENSO influence and demonstrates coherent patterns and teleconnections impacting the TCO in the extratropics. The response is evaluated and characterized by both the variance explained and sensitivity of TCO to the Nio 3.4 index. The tropospheric response in the tropics agrees well with previous studies and verifies the analyses. A two-lobed response symmetric about the Equator in the western Pacific/Indonesian region seen in some prior studies and not in others is confirmed here. This two-lobed response is consistent with the large-scale vertical transport. We also find that the large-scale transport in the tropics dominates the response compared to the small-scale convective transport. The ozone response is weaker in the middle latitudes, but a significant explained variance of the TCO is found over several small regions, including the central United States. However, the sensitivity of TCO to the Nio 3.4 index is statistically significant over a large area of the middle latitudes. The sensitivity maxima and minima coincide with anomalous anti-cyclonic and cyclonic circulations where the associated vertical transport is consistent with the sign of the sensitivity. Also, ENSO related changes to the mean tropopause height can contribute significantly to the midlatitude response. Comparisons to a 22-year chemical transport model simulation demonstrate that these results from the 9-year assimilation are representative of the longer term. This investigation brings insight to several seemingly disparate prior studies of the El Nio influence on tropospheric ozone in the middle latitudes.
C1 [Olsen, Mark A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Olsen, Mark A.] Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA.
[Wargan, Krzysztof; Pawson, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Wargan, Krzysztof] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
RP Olsen, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Olsen, MA (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA.
EM mark.olsen@nasa.gov
RI Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014;
OI Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Wargan,
Krzysztof/0000-0002-3795-2983
FU NASA's Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program; NASA
[NNH12ZDA001N-ACMAP]; HPC
FX The authors would like to thank Paul Newman, Jerry Ziemke, Luke Oman,
Anne Douglass, and Susan Strahan for helpful discussions. In addition,
the authors thank Ray Nassar and three anonymous reviewers for their
helpful comments that improved the manuscript. Funding for this research
was provided by NASA's Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program and by
NASA NNH12ZDA001N-ACMAP. Simulations and assimilation were done at
NASA's Climate Computing Service under awards from HPC.
NR 51
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 7
U2 9
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 11
BP 7091
EP 7103
DI 10.5194/acp-16-7091-2016
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DP2WQ
UT WOS:000378354600026
ER
PT J
AU Fridlind, AM
Atlas, R
van Diedenhoven, B
Um, J
McFarquhar, GM
Ackerman, AS
Moyer, EJ
Lawson, RP
AF Fridlind, Ann M.
Atlas, Rachel
van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan
Um, Junshik
McFarquhar, Greg M.
Ackerman, Andrew S.
Moyer, Elisabeth J.
Lawson, R. Paul
TI Derivation of physical and optical properties of mid-latitude cirrus ice
crystals for a size-resolved cloud microphysics model
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-SCATTERING PROPERTIES; GENERAL HYDRODYNAMIC THEORY; LARGE-EDDY
SIMULATIONS; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; PART I; CLIMATE
MODELS; WATER-CONTENT; FALL SPEEDS; TERMINAL VELOCITIES
AB Single-crystal images collected in mid-latitude cirrus are analyzed to provide internally consistent ice physical and optical properties for a size-resolved cloud microphysics model, including single-particle mass, projected area, fall speed, capacitance, single-scattering albedo, and asymmetry parameter. Using measurements gathered during two flights through a widespread synoptic cirrus shield, bullet rosettes are found to be the dominant identifiable habit among ice crystals with maximum dimension (D-max) greater than 100 A mu m. Properties are therefore first derived for bullet rosettes based on measurements of arm lengths and widths, then for aggregates of bullet rosettes and for unclassified (irregular) crystals. Derived bullet rosette masses are substantially greater than reported in existing literature, whereas measured projected areas are similar or lesser, resulting in factors of 1.5-2 greater fall speeds, and, in the limit of large D-max, near-infrared single-scattering albedo and asymmetry parameter (g) greater by similar to aEuro-0.2 and 0.05, respectively. A model that includes commonly imaged side plane growth on bullet rosettes exhibits relatively little difference in microphysical and optical properties aside from similar to 0.05 increase in mid-visible g primarily attributable to plate aspect ratio. In parcel simulations, ice size distribution, and g are sensitive to assumed ice properties.
C1 [Fridlind, Ann M.; van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan; Ackerman, Andrew S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Atlas, Rachel; Moyer, Elisabeth J.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA.
[Um, Junshik; McFarquhar, Greg M.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Lawson, R. Paul] Spec Inc, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Fridlind, AM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM ann.fridlind@nasa.gov
FU NASA Radiation Sciences Program; Office of Science (BER), U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-SC0006988, DE-SC0008500, DE-SC0014065]; Office
of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NASA
High-End Computing (HEC) Program through NASA Advanced Supercomputing
(NAS) Division at Ames Research Center
FX This work was supported by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program and the
Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy under agreements
DE-SC0006988, DE-SC0008500, and DE-SC0014065. This research used
resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a
DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science
of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
Resources supporting this work were also provided by the NASA High-End
Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS)
Division at Ames Research Center. We thank the SPARTICUS science team
for collecting and archiving all data sets referenced.
NR 103
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PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 11
BP 7251
EP 7283
DI 10.5194/acp-16-7251-2016
PG 33
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DP2WQ
UT WOS:000378354600035
ER
PT J
AU Strode, SA
Worden, HM
Damon, M
Douglass, AR
Duncan, BN
Emmons, LK
Lamarque, JF
Manyin, M
Oman, LD
Rodriguez, JM
Strahan, SE
Tilmes, S
AF Strode, Sarah A.
Worden, Helen M.
Damon, Megan
Douglass, Anne R.
Duncan, Bryan N.
Emmons, Louisa K.
Lamarque, Jean-Francois
Manyin, Michael
Oman, Luke D.
Rodriguez, Jose M.
Strahan, Susan E.
Tilmes, Simone
TI Interpreting space-based trends in carbon monoxide with multiple models
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; METHANE LIFETIME;
AIR-POLLUTANTS; CO EMISSIONS; INTEX-B; CHEMISTRY; CLIMATE; TRANSPORT;
GASES
AB We use a series of chemical transport model and chemistry climate model simulations to investigate the observed negative trends in MOPITT CO over several regions of the world, and to examine the consistency of time-dependent emission inventories with observations. We find that simulations driven by the MACCity inventory, used for the Chemistry Climate Modeling Initiative (CCMI), reproduce the negative trends in the CO column observed by MOPITT for 2000-2010 over the eastern United States and Europe. However, the simulations have positive trends over eastern China, in contrast to the negative trends observed by MOPITT. The model bias in CO, after applying MOPITT averaging kernels, contributes to the model-observation discrepancy in the trend over eastern China. This demonstrates that biases in a model's average concentrations can influence the interpretation of the temporal trend compared to satellite observations. The total ozone column plays a role in determining the simulated tropospheric CO trends. A large positive anomaly in the simulated total ozone column in 2010 leads to a negative anomaly in OH and hence a positive anomaly in CO, contributing to the positive trend in simulated CO. These results demonstrate that accurately simulating variability in the ozone column is important for simulating and interpreting trends in CO.
C1 [Strode, Sarah A.; Strahan, Susan E.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.
[Strode, Sarah A.; Damon, Megan; Douglass, Anne R.; Duncan, Bryan N.; Manyin, Michael; Oman, Luke D.; Rodriguez, Jose M.; Strahan, Susan E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Worden, Helen M.; Emmons, Louisa K.; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Tilmes, Simone] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Damon, Megan; Manyin, Michael] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
RP Strode, SA (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.; Strode, SA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM sarah.a.strode@nasa.gov
RI Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Strode,
Sarah/H-2248-2012; Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012
OI Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663;
FU NASA's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program; National Science
Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; NASA
Earth Observing System (EOS) Program
FX This work was supported by NASA's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction
Program and computing resources from the NASA High-End Computing
Program. We thank Bruce Van Aartsen for contributing to the GMI
simulations. The CESM project is supported by the National Science
Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of
Energy. The MO-PITT project is supported by the NASA Earth Observing
System (EOS) Program. The National Center for Atmospheric Research
(NCAR) is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
NR 47
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U1 4
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 11
BP 7285
EP 7294
DI 10.5194/acp-16-7285-2016
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DP2WQ
UT WOS:000378354600036
ER
PT B
AU Heap, SR
Lindler, D
AF Heap, Sara R.
Lindler, Don
BE Deustua, S
Allam, S
Tucker, D
Smith, JA
TI From Hubble's Next Generation Spectral Library (NGSL) to Absolute Fluxes
SO CALIBRATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF MISSIONS AND LARGE SURVEYS IN
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Calibration an Standardization of Missions and Large
Surveys in Astronomy and Astrophysics
CY APR 16-19, 2012
CL Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL
HO Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab
ID NEWTON-TELESCOPE LIBRARY; PHOTONIC PASSBANDS; EMPIRICAL SPECTRA; ZERO
POINTS; HIPPARCOS
AB Hubble's Next Generation Spectral Library (NGSL) consists of R similar to 1000 spectra of 374 stars of assorted temperature, gravity, and metallicity. Each spectrum covers the wavelength range, 0.18 - 1.03 mu. The library can be viewed and/or downloaded from the website, http://archive.stsci.edu/prepds/stisngs1/. Stars in the NGSL are now being used as absolute flux standards at ground-based observatories. However, the uncertainty in the absolute flux is about 2%, which does not meet the requirements of dark-energy surveys. We have therefore developed an observing procedure, data reduction procedure, and correction algorithms that should yield fluxes with uncertainties less than 1%.
C1 [Heap, Sara R.; Lindler, Don] NASA, Lab Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Lindler, Don] Sigma Space Corp, 4600 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
RP Heap, SR (reprint author), NASA, Lab Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
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U1 0
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PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-890-9
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2016
VL 503
BP 211
EP 219
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BE9RP
UT WOS:000378098600018
ER
PT J
AU Clark, KE
West, AJ
Hilton, RG
Asner, GP
Quesada, CA
Silman, MR
Saatchi, SS
Farfan-Rios, W
Martin, RE
Horwath, AB
Halladay, K
New, M
Malhi, Y
AF Clark, K. E.
West, A. J.
Hilton, R. G.
Asner, G. P.
Quesada, C. A.
Silman, M. R.
Saatchi, S. S.
Farfan-Rios, W.
Martin, R. E.
Horwath, A. B.
Halladay, K.
New, M.
Malhi, Y.
TI Storm-triggered landslides in the Peruvian Andes and implications for
topography, carbon cycles, and biodiversity
SO EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; ORGANIC-CARBON; BOLIVIAN ANDES; MOUNTAIN
BELT; CLIMATIC CONTROL; RIVER INCISION; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; THRESHOLD
HILLSLOPES; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; RAINFALL INTENSITY
AB In this study, we assess the geomorphic role of a rare, large-magnitude landslide-triggering event and consider its effect on mountain forest ecosystems and the erosion of organic carbon in an Andean river catchment. Proximal triggers such as large rain storms are known to cause large numbers of landslides, but the relative effects of such low-frequency, high-magnitude events are not well known in the context of more regular, smaller events. We develop a 25-year duration, annual-resolution landslide inventory by mapping landslide occurrence in the Kosnipata Valley, Peru, from 1988 to 2012 using Landsat, QuickBird, and WorldView satellite images. Catchment-wide landslide rates were high, averaging 0.076% yr(-1) by area. As a result, landslides on average completely turn over hillslopes every similar to 1320 years, although our data suggest that landslide occurrence varies spatially and temporally, such that turnover times are likely to be non-uniform. In total, landslides stripped 26 +/- 4 tC km(-2) yr(-1) of organic carbon from soil (80 %) and vegetation (20 %) during the study period. A single rain storm in March 2010 accounted for 27% of all landslide area observed during the 25-year study and accounted for 26% of the landslide-associated organic carbon flux. An approximately linear magnitude-frequency relationship for annual landslide areas suggests that large storms contribute an equivalent landslide failure area to the sum of lower-frequency landslide events occurring over the same period. However, the spatial distribution of landslides associated with the 2010 storm is distinct. On the basis of precipitation statistics and landscape morphology, we hypothesise that focusing of storm-triggered landslide erosion at lower elevations in the Kosnipata catchment may be characteristic of longer-term patterns. These patterns may have implications for the source and composition of sediments and organic material supplied to river systems of the Amazon Basin, and, through focusing of regular ecological disturbance, for the species composition of forested ecosystems in the region.
C1 [Clark, K. E.; Halladay, K.; New, M.; Malhi, Y.] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford, England.
[West, A. J.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Hilton, R. G.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.
[Asner, G. P.; Martin, R. E.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA.
[Quesada, C. A.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
[Silman, M. R.; Farfan-Rios, W.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA.
[Silman, M. R.; Farfan-Rios, W.] Wake Forest Univ, Ctr Energy Environm & Sustainabil, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA.
[Saatchi, S. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Horwath, A. B.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge, England.
[New, M.] Univ Cape Town, African Climate & Dev Initiat, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
[New, M.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Int Dev, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
[Clark, K. E.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Horwath, A. B.] Univ Stirling, Dept Biol, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland.
RP Clark, KE (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford, England.; Clark, KE (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
EM kathryn.clark23@gmail.com
RI Farfan-Rios, William/J-9881-2015; New, Mark/A-7684-2008
OI Farfan-Rios, William/0000-0002-3196-0317; New, Mark/0000-0001-6082-8879
FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC);
Clarendon Fund PhD scholarships; NERC New Investigator Grant
[NE/I001719/1]; Jackson Foundation; European Research Council Advanced
Investigator Grant GEM-TRAIT; [NSF-EAR 1227192]
FX This paper is a product of the Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystems
Research Group (ABERG). K. E. Clark was funded by the Natural Sciences
and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and Clarendon Fund
PhD scholarships. A. J. West was supported to work in the Kosnipata
Valley by NSF-EAR 1227192 and R. G. Hilton was supported by a NERC New
Investigator Grant (NE/I001719/1). Y. Malhi was supported by the Jackson
Foundation and a European Research Council Advanced Investigator Grant
GEM-TRAIT. The Carnegie Airborne Observatory is made possible by the
Avatar Alliance Foundation, Grantham Foundation for the Protection of
the Environment, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Gordon
and Betty Moore Foundation, W. M. Keck Foundation, Margaret A. Cargill
Foundation, Mary Anne Nyburg Baker and G. Leonard Baker Jr., and William
R. Hearst III. We thank D. Knapp, T. Kennedy-Bowdoin, C. Anderson, and
R. Tupayachi for CAO data collection and analysis; M. Palace for the
QuickBird-2 satellite images from 2009 and 2010; S. Abele for GIS
advice; S. Moon and G. Hilley for providing Matlab code for slope-area
analysis; and S. Feakins and reviewers of a prior submission for
comments. We thank Ken Ferrier, an anonymous referee, and the editor for
their helpful and insightful reviews.
NR 126
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U1 3
U2 12
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 2196-6311
EI 2196-632X
J9 EARTH SURF DYNAM
JI Earth Surf. Dyn.
PY 2016
VL 4
IS 1
BP 47
EP 70
DI 10.5194/esurf-4-47-2016
PG 24
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA DP0UN
UT WOS:000378205500004
ER
PT J
AU Banzon, V
Smith, TM
Chin, TM
Liu, CY
Hankins, W
AF Banzon, Viva
Smith, Thomas M.
Chin, Toshio Mike
Liu, Chunying
Hankins, William
TI A long-term record of blended satellite and in situ sea-surface
temperature for climate monitoring, modeling and environmental studies
SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; IMPACT; AEROSOLS
AB This paper describes a blended sea-surface temperature (SST) data set that is part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Data Record (CDR) program product suite. Using optimum interpolation (OI), in situ and satellite observations are combined on a daily and 0.25 degrees spatial grid to form an SST analysis, i.e., a spatially complete field. A large-scale bias adjustment of the input infrared SSTs is made using buoy and ship observations as a reference. This is particularly important for the time periods when volcanic aerosols from the El Chichon and Mt. Pinatubo eruptions are widespread globally. The main source of SSTs is the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), available from late 1981 to the present, which is also the temporal span of this CDR. The input and processing choices made to ensure a consistent data set that meets the CDR requirements are summarized. A brief history and an explanation of the forward production schedule for the preliminary and science-quality final product are also provided. The data set is produced and archived at the newly formed National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) in Network Common Data Form (netCDF) at doi:10.7289/V5SQ8XB5.
C1 [Banzon, Viva; Liu, Chunying; Hankins, William] NOAA, NCEI, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Smith, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, NOAA, STAR, SCSB,ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Chin, Toshio Mike] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Liu, Chunying; Hankins, William] Earth Resources Technol, 14401 Sweitzer Lane Suite 300, Laurel, MD 20707 USA.
RP Banzon, V (reprint author), NOAA, NCEI, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM viva.banzon@noaa.gov
RI Banzon, Viva/D-5499-2014; Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010
OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849
NR 28
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 4
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1866-3508
EI 1866-3516
J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA
JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 1
BP 165
EP 176
DI 10.5194/essd-8-165-2016
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DP0VB
UT WOS:000378206900013
ER
PT J
AU Valente, A
Sathyendranath, S
Brotas, V
Groom, S
Grant, M
Taberner, M
Antoine, D
Arnone, R
Balch, WM
Barker, K
Barlow, R
Belanger, S
Berthon, JF
Besiktepe, S
Brando, V
Canuti, E
Chavez, F
Claustre, H
Crout, R
Frouin, R
Garcia-Soto, C
Gibb, S
Gould, R
Hooker, S
Kahru, M
Klein, H
Kratzer, S
Loisel, H
Mckee, D
Mitchell, BG
Moisan, T
Muller-Karger, F
O'Dowd, L
Ondrusek, M
Poulton, AJ
Repecaud, M
Smyth, T
Sosik, HM
Twardowski, M
Voss, K
Werdell, J
Wernand, M
Zibordi, G
AF Valente, Andre
Sathyendranath, Shubha
Brotas, Vanda
Groom, Steve
Grant, Michael
Taberner, Malcolm
Antoine, David
Arnone, Robert
Balch, William M.
Barker, Kathryn
Barlow, Ray
Belanger, Simon
Berthon, Jean-Francois
Besiktepe, Sukru
Brando, Vittorio
Canuti, Elisabetta
Chavez, Francisco
Claustre, Herve
Crout, Richard
Frouin, Robert
Garcia-Soto, Carlos
Gibb, StuartW.
Gould, Richard
Hooker, Stanford
Kahru, Mati
Klein, Holger
Kratzer, Susanne
Loisel, Hubert
Mckee, David
Mitchell, Brian G.
Moisan, Tiffany
Muller-Karger, Frank
O'Dowd, Leonie
Ondrusek, Michael
Poulton, Alex J.
Repecaud, Michel
Smyth, Timothy
Sosik, Heidi M.
Twardowski, Michael
Voss, Kenneth
Werdell, Jeremy
Wernand, Marcel
Zibordi, Giuseppe
TI A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean-colour
satellite applications
SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
ID WATERS; VALIDATION; ATLANTIC; REFLECTANCE; PERFORMANCE; IRRADIANCE;
SCATTERING; PRODUCTS; MODEL; NM
AB A compiled set of in situ data is important to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite-data records. Here we describe the data compiled for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The data were acquired from several sources (MOBY, BOUSSOLE, AERONET-OC, SeaBASS, NOMAD, MERMAID, AMT, ICES, HOT, GeP&CO), span between 1997 and 2012, and have a global distribution. Observations of the following variables were compiled: spectral remote-sensing reflectances, concentrations of chlorophyll a, spectral inherent optical properties and spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients. The data were from multi-project archives acquired via the open internet services or from individual projects, acquired directly from data providers. Methodologies were implemented for homogenisation, quality control and merging of all data. No changes were made to the original data, other than averaging of observations that were close in time and space, elimination of some points after quality control and conversion to a standard format. The final result is a merged table designed for validation of satellite-derived ocean-colour products and available in text format. Metadata of each in situ measurement (original source, cruise or experiment, principal investigator) were preserved throughout the work and made available in the final table. Using all the data in a validation exercise increases the number of matchups and enhances the representativeness of different marine regimes. By making available the metadata, it is also possible to analyse each set of data separately. The compiled data are available at doi: 10.1594/PANGAEA.854832 (Valente et al., 2015).
C1 [Valente, Andre; Brotas, Vanda] Univ Lisbon, Marine & Environm Sci Ctr MARE, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal.
[Sathyendranath, Shubha; Groom, Steve; Grant, Michael; Smyth, Timothy] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England.
[Taberner, Malcolm] EUMETSAT, Eumetsat Allee 1, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany.
[Antoine, David] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06238 Villefranche Sur Mer, France.
[Antoine, David] Curtin Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Med Radiat Sci, Remote Sensing & Satellite Res Grp, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
[Arnone, Robert] Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, Kiln, MS USA.
[Balch, William M.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA.
[Barker, Kathryn] ARGANS Ltd, Plymouth, Devon, England.
[Barlow, Ray] Bayworld Ctr Res & Educ, Cape Town, South Africa.
[Belanger, Simon] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada.
[Berthon, Jean-Francois; Canuti, Elisabetta; Zibordi, Giuseppe] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy.
[Besiktepe, Sukru] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Inst Marine Sci & Technol, Izmir, Turkey.
[Brando, Vittorio] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
[Brando, Vittorio] CNR IREA, Milan, Italy.
[Chavez, Francisco] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA.
[Claustre, Herve] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LOV, INSU,CNRS, 181 Chemin Lazaret, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France.
[Crout, Richard; Gould, Richard] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Kiln, MS USA.
[Frouin, Robert; Kahru, Mati; Mitchell, Brian G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
[Garcia-Soto, Carlos] Spanish Inst Oceanog IEO, Corazon de Maria 8, Madrid 28002, Spain.
[Garcia-Soto, Carlos] PIE EHU, Plentzia 48620, Spain.
[Gibb, StuartW.] Univ Highlands & Isl, North Highland Coll, Environm Res Inst, Thurso, Scotland.
[Hooker, Stanford; Werdell, Jeremy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Klein, Holger] Fed Maritime & Hydrog Agcy, Operat Oceanog Grp, Hamburg, Germany.
[Kratzer, Susanne] Stockholm Univ, Frescati Backe, Dept Ecol Environm & Plant Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Loisel, Hubert] Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, Lab Oceanol & Geosci, Maison Rech Environm Naturel, Wimereux, France.
[Mckee, David] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland.
[Moisan, Tiffany] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA.
[Muller-Karger, Frank] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Remote Sensing ImaRS, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[O'Dowd, Leonie] Inst Marine, Fisheries & Ecosystem Advisory Serv, Galway, Ireland.
[Ondrusek, Michael] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, SOCD, College Pk, MD USA.
[Poulton, Alex J.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Ocean Biogeochem & Ecosyst, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, Hants, England.
[Repecaud, Michel] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Plouzane, France.
[Sosik, Heidi M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Twardowski, Michael] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL USA.
[Voss, Kenneth] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Wernand, Marcel] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Phys Oceanog Marine Opt & Remote Sensing, Texel, Netherlands.
RP Valente, A (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Marine & Environm Sci Ctr MARE, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal.
EM adovalente@fc.ul.pt
RI Valente, Andre/G-5244-2016; Ondrusek, Michael/F-5617-2010; Antoine,
David/C-3817-2013; Brando, Vittorio/A-1321-2008; CLAUSTRE,
Herve/E-6877-2011;
OI Valente, Andre/0000-0002-8789-7038; Ondrusek,
Michael/0000-0002-5311-9094; Antoine, David/0000-0002-9082-2395; Brando,
Vittorio/0000-0002-2193-5695; CLAUSTRE, Herve/0000-0001-6243-0258;
Sosik, Heidi/0000-0002-4591-2842; Gibb, Stuart/0000-0003-3882-338X
FU European Space Agency (ESA); Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES);
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National
des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU); Universite Pierre et Marie Curie
(UPMC); Observatoire Oceanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOV);
National Science Foundation [OCE 09-26766]; NASA;
[PEst-OE/MAR/UI0199/2014]
FX This paper is a contribution to the ESA OC-CCI project. This work is
also a contribution to project PEst-OE/MAR/UI0199/2014. We are grateful
for the efforts of the teams responsible for the collection of the data
in the field and of the teams responsible for processing and storing the
data in archives, without which this work would not be possible. We
thank Tamoghna Acharyya and Robert Brewin at Plymouth Marine Laboratory
for their initial contribution to this work. We thank the NOAA (US) for
making available the MOBY data and Yong Sung Kim for the help with
questions about MOBY data. BOUSSOLE is supported and funded by the
European Space Agency (ESA), the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales
(CNES), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the
Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU), the Universite
Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) and the Observatoire Oceanologique de
Villefranche-sur-mer (OOV). We thank ACRIST, ARGANS and ESA for access
to the MERMAID Database (http://hermes.acri.fr/mermaid). We thank
Annelies Hommersom, Pierre Yves Deschamps and David Siegel for allowing
the use of MERMAID data for which they are principal investigators. We
thank the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) for access to AMT
data and in particular Polly Hadziabdic and Rob Thomas for their help
with questions about the AMT dataset. We thank Victoria Hill, Patrick
Holligan, Gerald Moore and Emilio Suarez for the use of AMT data for
which they are principal investigators. We thank Sam Ahmed, Hui Feng,
Alex Gilerson and Brent Holben for allowing the use of the AERONET-OC
data for which they are principal investigators. We thank also the
AERONET staff and site support people. We thank Bob Bidigare, Matthew
Church, Ricardo Letelier and Jasmine Nahorniak for making the HOT data
available, and the National Science Foundation for support of the HOT
research (grant OCE 09-26766). We thank Yves Dandonneau for allowing the
use of GeP&CO data. We thank the ICES database on the marine environment
(Copenhagen, Denmark, 2014) for allowing the use of their archived data,
and Marilynn Sorensen for the help with questions about the ICES
dataset. We thank all ICES contributors for their data. We thank Eric
Zettler and the SEA Education Association. We thank NASA, SeaBASS and
the Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) for access to SeaBASS and
NOMAD data. We thank NASA for project funding for data collection. We
thank Chris Proctor from SeaBASS for his valuable and prompt help with a
variety of questions. Finally, we are deeply thankful to the data
contributors of NOMAD and SeaBASS: Kevin Arrigo, Mike Behrenfeld,
Emmanuel Boss, Chris Brown, Douglas Capone, Ken Carder, Alex Chekalyuk,
Jay-Chung Chen, Dennis Clark, Jorge Corredor, Glenn Cota, Yves
Dandonneau, Heidi Dierssen, David Eslinger, Piotr Flatau, Joaquim Goes,
Gwo-Ching Gong, Larry Harding, Jon Hare, Chuanmin Hu, Sung-Ho Kang, Gary
Kirkpatrick, Oleg Kopelevich, Sam Laney, Zhongping Lee, Ricardo
Letelier, Marlon Lewis, Antonio Mannino, John Marra, Chuck McClain,
Christophe Menkes, Mark Miller, Ru Morrison, James Mueller, James
Nelson, Norman Nelson, Mary Jane Perry, David Phinney, John Porter,
Collin Roesler, David Siegel, Mike Sieracki, Jeffrey Smart, Raymond
Smith, James Spinhirne, Dariusz Stramski, Rick Stumpf, Ajit Subramaniam,
Chuck Trees, Ronald Zaneveld, Eric Zettler and Richard Zimmerman.
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 7
U2 14
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1866-3508
EI 1866-3516
J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA
JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 1
BP 235
EP 252
DI 10.5194/essd-8-235-2016
PG 18
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DP0VB
UT WOS:000378206900019
ER
PT J
AU Treverrow, A
Jun, L
Jacka, TH
AF Treverrow, Adam
Jun, Li
Jacka, Tim H.
TI Ice crystal c-axis orientation and mean grain size measurements from the
Dome Summit South ice core, Law Dome, East Antarctica
SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYCRYSTALLINE ICE; TERTIARY CREEP; FLOW; SHEET; FABRICS;
MICROSTRUCTURE; ACCUMULATION; GREENLAND; RECORD; MODEL
AB We present measurements of crystal c-axis orientations and mean grain area from the Dome Summit South (DSS) ice core drilled on Law Dome, East Antarctica. All measurements were made on location at the borehole site during drilling operations. The data are from 185 individual thin sections obtained between a depth of 117m below the surface and the bottom of the DSS core at a depth of 1196 m. The median number of c-axis orientations recorded in each thin section was 100, with values ranging from 5 through to 111 orientations. The data from all 185 thin sections are provided in a single comma-separated value (csv) formatted file which contains the c-axis orientations in polar coordinates, depth information for each core section from which the data were obtained, the mean grain area calculated for each thin section and other data related to the drilling site. The data set is also available as a MATLAB (TM) structure array. Additionally, the c-axis orientation data from each of the 185 thin sections are summarized graphically in figures containing a Schmidt diagram, histogram of c-axis colatitudes and rose plot of c-axis azimuths. All these data are referenced by doi:10.4225/15/5669050CC1B3B and are available free of charge at https://data.antarctica.gov.au.
C1 [Treverrow, Adam; Jacka, Tim H.] Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7004, Australia.
[Jun, Li] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Treverrow, A (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7004, Australia.
EM adam.treverrow@utas.edu.au
FU Australian Antarctic Division [ASAC 15, AAS 757, AAS 4289]; Australian
Government Cooperative Research Centres Programme through the Antarctic
Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC)
FX The Australian Antarctic Division provided funding and logistical
support for drilling the DSS ice core and subsequent data analysis
through projects ASAC 15, AAS 757 and AAS 4289. The authors gratefully
acknowledge the contribution of all participants in the Australian
National Antarctic Research Expeditions associated with retrieval of the
DSS ice core. Preparation of the data for archiving was supported by the
Australian Government Cooperative Research Centres Programme through the
Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC).
Discussions with J. L. Roberts assisted with data management and
manuscript preparation. B. Raymond assisted with data control and
hosting. We are thankful for comments from Maurine Montagnat and an
anonymous reviewer, who assisted in improving the manuscript. Adam
Treverrow thanks R. C. Warner for stressing the importance of making
these data widely available to the glaciological community.
NR 72
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 6
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1866-3508
EI 1866-3516
J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA
JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 1
BP 253
EP 263
DI 10.5194/essd-8-253-2016
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DP0VB
UT WOS:000378206900020
ER
PT B
AU Kobelski, A
Jensen, E
Wexler, D
Heiles, C
Kepley, A
Kuiper, T
Bisi, M
AF Kobelski, A.
Jensen, E.
Wexler, D.
Heiles, C.
Kepley, A.
Kuiper, T.
Bisi, M.
BE Dorotovic, I
Fischer, CE
Temmer, M
TI Measuring the Solar Magnetic Field with STEREO A Radio Transmissions:
Faraday Rotation Observations using the 100m Green Bank Telescope
SO GROUND-BASED SOLAR OBSERVATIONS IN THE SPACE INSTRUMENTATION ERA
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Coimbra Solar Physics Meeting on Ground-based Solar Observations in the
Space Instrumentation Era
CY OCT 05-09, 2015
CL Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, PORTUGAL
SP SCOSTEP, Variabil Sun & Its Terrestrial Impact, European Space Agcy, Fundacio Ciencia & Tecnologia, Univ Coimbra Reitoria, Univ Coimbra, Dept Matemat, Observat Paris
HO Univ Coimbra
AB The SIEREO mission spacecraft recently passed through superior conjunction, providing an opportunity to probe the solar corona using radio transmissions. Strong magnetic field and dense plasma environment induce Faraday rotation of the linearly polarized fraction of the spacecraft radio carrier signal. Variations in the Faraday rotation signify changes in magnetic field components and plasma parameters, and thus can be used to gain understanding processes of the quiescent sun as well as active outbursts including coronal mass ejections. Our 2015 observing campaign resulted in a series of measurements over several months with the 100m Green Bank Telescope (GBT) to investigate the coronal Faraday rotation at various radial distances. These observations reveal notable fluctuations in the Faraday rotation of the signal in the deep corona, and should yield unique insights into coronal magnetohydrodynamics down to a 1.5 solar radius line-of-sight solar elongation.
C1 [Kobelski, A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV USA.
[Jensen, E.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Wexler, D.] Univ So Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia.
[Heiles, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Kepley, A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA USA.
[Kuiper, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Bisi, M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, Oxon, England.
RP Kobelski, A (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV USA.
EM adam.kobelski@uah.edu
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-892-3
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2016
VL 504
BP 99
EP 102
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BE9RQ
UT WOS:000378098700016
ER
PT S
AU Briggs, RM
Frez, C
Fradet, M
Forouhar, S
Blanchard, R
Pflugl, C
AF Briggs, Ryan M.
Frez, Clifford
Fradet, Mathieu
Forouhar, Siamak
Blanchard, Romain
Pflugl, Christian
BE Belyanin, AA
Smowton, PM
TI Regrowth-free mid-infrared distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers
with sub-watt power consumption
SO NOVEL IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS XV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers XV
CY FEB 15-18, 2016
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Quantum cascade lasers; distributed feedback lasers; infrared absorption
spectroscopy
ID METHANE; MARS
AB We report on room-temperature, continuous-wave operation of single-mode quantum cascade lasers designed for minimal threshold power consumption in the 4 to 10 mu m spectral range. Narrow-ridge distributed feedback lasers were developed with plasma-etched sidewall corrugations and infrared-transparent dielectric cladding, enabling fabrication without any epitaxial steps beyond the initial growth of the planar laser wafer. The devices exhibit single-mode emission with stable, mode-hop-free tuning and side-mode suppression greater than 25 dB. We demonstrate packaged single mode devices with continuous-wave threshold power consumption near 1 W above room temperature.
C1 [Briggs, Ryan M.; Frez, Clifford; Fradet, Mathieu; Forouhar, Siamak] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Blanchard, Romain; Pflugl, Christian] Pendar Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Briggs, RM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM ryan.m.briggs@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0002-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9767
DI 10.1117/12.2213990
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BE9WJ
UT WOS:000378312100031
ER
PT S
AU Fradet, M
Hosoda, T
Frez, C
Shterengas, L
Sander, S
Forouhar, S
Belenky, G
AF Fradet, Mathieu
Hosoda, Takashi
Frez, Clifford
Shterengas, Leon
Sander, Stanley
Forouhar, Siamak
Belenky, Gregory
BE Belyanin, AA
Smowton, PM
TI First Demonstration of Single-Mode Distributed Feedback Type-I GaSb
Cascade Diode Laser Emitting near 2.9 mu m
SO NOVEL IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS XV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers XV
CY FEB 15-18, 2016
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Distributed-feedback; diode lasers; single frequency; GaSb; type-I;
laser sensors
AB We demonstrate GaSb-based laterally-coupled distributed-feedback type-I cascade diode lasers emitting near 2.9 mu m as potential sources for OH measurements. The laser heterostmctures consist of two GaInAsSb quantum well stages in series separated by GaSb/AlSb/InAs tunnel junction and InAs/AlSb electron injectors. Single-mode emission is generated using second order lateral Bragg grating etched alongside narrow ridge waveguides. The lasers were fabricated into 2-mm-long devices, solder-mounted epi-up on copper submounts, and operate at room temperature. With an anti-reflection coating at the emission facet, the lasers exhibit a typical current threshold of 110 mA at 20 degrees C and emit more than 14 mW of output power. The Bragg wavelength temperature tuning rate was 0.29 nm/degrees C.
C1 [Fradet, Mathieu; Frez, Clifford; Sander, Stanley; Forouhar, Siamak] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Hosoda, Takashi; Shterengas, Leon; Belenky, Gregory] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept ECE, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
RP Fradet, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM mathieu.fradet@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 4
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0002-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9767
AR 97670U
DI 10.1117/12.2213224
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BE9WJ
UT WOS:000378312100018
ER
PT J
AU Aydinoglu, AU
Allard, S
Mitchell, C
AF Aydinoglu, Arsev U.
Allard, Suzie
Mitchell, Chad
TI Measuring diversity in disciplinary collaboration in research teams: An
ecological perspective
SO RESEARCH EVALUATION
LA English
DT Article
DE research teams; Shannon's entropy index; disciplinary diversity;
astrobiology; cross-disciplinary; interdisciplinary
ID NASA ASTROBIOLOGY INSTITUTE; INTERDISCIPLINARITY; COMMUNICATION;
ORGANIZATION; KNOWLEDGE
AB This study proposes an alternative and complementary method to bibliometric analysis to measure disciplinary diversity in research teams. Shannon's entropy index, which is used in ecology to measure biodiversity in habitats, is adapted to measure disciplinary diversity of a research team (habitats become teams, and biodiversity becomes disciplinary diversity). Data come from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, which funded 14 interdisciplinary virtual research teams in 2012. Authors examined not only team rosters but also the project rosters (167 projects for 2012) of each team to calculate disciplinary diversity. Results suggest that the intended diversity is being achieved for some teams. However, for more than half of the teams, disciplinary diversity scores are lower on the project level compared to the overall team level, which suggests that for these teams, the intended diversity is not being achieved.
C1 [Aydinoglu, Arsev U.] Middle E Tech Univ, Res Ctr Sci & Technol Policies, MM Bldg Room 320, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey.
[Allard, Suzie; Mitchell, Chad] Univ Tennessee, 1345 Circle Pk Dr,453 Commun Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Aydinoglu, Arsev U.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrobiol Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Aydinoglu, AU (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Res Ctr Sci & Technol Policies, MM Bldg Room 320, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey.; Aydinoglu, AU (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrobiol Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM arsevu@gmail.com
FU NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI)
FX This study is supported by the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI).
NR 56
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 5
U2 11
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0958-2029
EI 1471-5449
J9 RES EVALUAT
JI Res. Evaluat.
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 25
IS 1
BP 18
EP 36
DI 10.1093/reseval/rvv028
PG 19
WC Information Science & Library Science
SC Information Science & Library Science
GA DP0IZ
UT WOS:000378174800002
ER
PT S
AU Joshi, KD
Cooper, L
Johnson, N
AF Joshi, K. D.
Cooper, Lynne
Johnson, Nathan
BE Bui, TX
Sprague, RH
TI Introduction to the Minitrack on Knowledge Flows: Knowledge Transfer,
Sharing and Exchange in Organizations
SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS)
SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System
Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)
CY JAN 05-08, 2016
CL Koloa, HI
SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network
AB This short paper serves to introduce the minitrack on knowledge flows and to summarize its constituent proceedings articles.
C1 [Joshi, K. D.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
[Cooper, Lynne] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Johnson, Nathan] Western Carolina Univ, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA.
RP Joshi, KD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
EM joshi@wsu.edu; lynne.p.cooper@jpl.nasa.gov; nathan.johnson@wcu.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA
SN 1060-3425
BN 978-0-7695-5670-3
J9 P ANN HICSS
PY 2016
BP 4143
EP 4143
DI 10.1109/HICSS.2016.513
PG 1
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BE9EW
UT WOS:000377358204025
ER
PT S
AU Wilf, J
Port, D
AF Wilf, Joel
Port, Dan
BE Bui, TX
Sprague, RH
TI Decisions and Disasters: Modeling Decisions that Contribute to Mishaps
SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS)
SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System
Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)
CY JAN 05-08, 2016
CL Koloa, HI
SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network
ID BIASES
AB Ever since the decision to launch the Challenger and the deadly explosion that followed - it has been widely known that "decision failure" can lead to disaster. But despite this awareness and the availability of a wide variety of decision models, we found no single model that adequately describes all the ways that decisions can fail and how flawed decisions contribute to mishaps.
In this paper, we present our model of decision failure. Then we show how we used this model to gain insight into that decisions that have contributed to NASA mishaps (including the Challenger). This work presents both the model and the insights from its application. The theoretical contribution is a new way to encode and analyze the decision data found in mishap reports, providing insight into the causes of decision failure. The practical contribution is the potential for using this to improve decision-making at NASA and other high-reliability organizations.
C1 [Wilf, Joel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, OSMS, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Port, Dan] Univ Hawaii, Dept Informat Technol Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Wilf, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, OSMS, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM joel.m.wilf@jpl.nasa.gov; dport@hawaii.edu
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA
SN 1060-3425
BN 978-0-7695-5670-3
J9 P ANN HICSS
PY 2016
BP 5635
EP 5641
DI 10.1109/HICSS.2016.697
PG 7
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BE9EW
UT WOS:000377358205085
ER
PT S
AU Port, D
Wilf, JM
Diep, M
Seaman, C
Feather, M
AF Port, Daniel
Wilf, Joel M.
Diep, Madeline
Seaman, Carolyn
Feather, Martin
BE Bui, TX
Sprague, RH
TI Developing a Value-Based Methodology for Satisfying NASA Software
Assurance Requirements
SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS)
SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System
Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)
CY JAN 05-08, 2016
CL Koloa, HI
SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network
AB NASA imposes a multitude of quality process requirements on the development of its software systems. One source of such is the Software Quality Assurance standard. All NASA sponsored projects are expected to implement these requirements. However given the diversity of projects and practices at different NASA centers it is impossible to a-priori dictate how these requirements are to be economically satisfied on a given project. Under the auspices of NASA's Software Assurance Research Program the authors have been developing a value-based methodology to guide practitioners in defensibly and economically planning and executing assurance effort to satisfy this standard. The methodology exploits the intimate relationship between assurance value and risk-informed decision making. This paper describes this relationship, the value-based methodology for scaling assurance efforts, support for using the methodology, and our practice-based validation of the approach.
C1 [Port, Daniel] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Wilf, Joel M.; Feather, Martin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Diep, Madeline] Fraunhofer Ctr Maryland, College Pk, MD USA.
[Seaman, Carolyn] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Port, D (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM dport@jpl.nasa.gov; jwilf@jpl.nasa.gov; MDiep@fc-md.umd.edu;
cseaman@umbc.edu; martin.s.feather@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA
SN 1060-3425
BN 978-0-7695-5670-3
J9 P ANN HICSS
PY 2016
BP 5642
EP 5651
DI 10.1109/HICSS.2016.698
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BE9EW
UT WOS:000377358205086
ER
PT S
AU Le Jeannic, H
Huang, K
Ruaudel, J
Verma, VB
Shaw, MD
Marsili, F
Nam, SW
Wu, E
Zeng, H
Jeong, YC
Filip, R
Morin, O
Laurat, J
AF Le Jeannic, H.
Huang, K.
Ruaudel, J.
Verma, V. B.
Shaw, M. D.
Marsili, F.
Nam, S. W.
Wu, E.
Zeng, H.
Jeong, Y. -C.
Filip, R.
Morin, O.
Laurat, J.
BE Bui, TX
Sprague, RH
TI Efficient Optical Generation of Large-Amplitude Schrodinger Cat States
with Minimal Resources
SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS)
SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System
Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)
CY JAN 05-08, 2016
CL Koloa, HI
SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network
AB We demonstrate a protocol enabling the generation of large coherent state superpositions with unprecedented preparation rate. It is optimally using expensive non-Gaussian resources to build up only the core non-Gaussian part of the state. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America
C1 [Le Jeannic, H.; Huang, K.; Ruaudel, J.; Jeong, Y. -C.; Morin, O.; Laurat, J.] ENS PSL Res Univ, UPMC Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, Lab Kastler Brossel,Coll France, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
[Huang, K.; Wu, E.; Zeng, H.] E China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Precis Spect, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China.
[Verma, V. B.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Shaw, M. D.; Marsili, F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Filip, R.] Palacky Univ, Dept Opt, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic.
RP Le Jeannic, H (reprint author), ENS PSL Res Univ, UPMC Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, Lab Kastler Brossel,Coll France, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
EM hanna.lejeannic@lkb.upmc.fr
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA
SN 1060-3425
BN 978-0-7695-5670-3
J9 P ANN HICSS
PY 2016
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BE9EW
UT WOS:000377358203079
ER
PT S
AU Goldsmith, PF
AF Goldsmith, P. F.
BE Simon, R
Schaaf, R
Stutzki, J
TI CHARLES HARD TOWNES: REMARKABLE SCIENTIST AND INSPIRING TEACHER
SO 6TH ZERMATT ISM-SYMPOSIUM: CONDITIONS AND IMPACT OF STAR FORMATION: FROM
LAB TO SPACE: IN MEMORY OF CHARLES H. TOWNES
SE EAS Publications Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 6th Zermatt ISM Symposium on Conditions and Impact of Star Formation:
From Lab to Space
CY SEP 07-11, 2015
CL Zermatt, SWITZERLAND
SP Deutsch Forschungsgemeinschaft, Int Stifung Hochalpine Forschungstationen Jungfraujoch & Gornergrat, Burgergemeinde Zermatt, Gornegrat Monte Rosa Bahn
ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; MIDINFRARED INTERFEROMETRY; COLLISIONAL
EXCITATION; GALACTIC-CENTER; SPECTRAL-LINES; ORION NEBULA; INTERSTELLAR;
EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; RADIATION
AB Charles Townes is renowned for his work elucidating the structure of molecules through microwave spectroscopy and for his invention of the maser and the laser. He also had a lifelong interest in astronomy, and in the later portion of his remarkable and long career devoted himself to astronomical research, pioneering the study of molecules in interstellar space and the development of infrared spectroscopy, first from the ground and then from airborne facilities. His interest in high angular resolution, as well as high spectral resolution observations, led to development of the first infrared spatial interferometer employing coherent signal processing techniques. In this short review I will only touch on some of Townes' many scientific contributions, concentrating on astronomy, and will also give some personal thoughts about how he inspired students in their research, helping to make the "Townes Group" at the University of California, Berkeley, an ideal environment in which to start a career in research.
C1 [Goldsmith, P. F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Goldsmith, PF (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 34
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI CEDEX A
PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 1633-4760
BN 978-2-7598-2022-1
J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS
PY 2016
VL 75-76
BP 7
EP 17
DI 10.1051/eas/1575002
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BE9MS
UT WOS:000377836300001
ER
PT S
AU Kauffmann, J
Pillai, T
Zhang, Q
Menten, KM
Goldsmith, PF
Lu, X
Guzman, AE
AF Kauffmann, J.
Pillai, T.
Zhang, Q.
Menten, K. M.
Goldsmith, P. F.
Lu, X.
Guzman, A. E.
BE Simon, R
Schaaf, R
Stutzki, J
TI LITTLE MASSIVE SUBSTRUCTURE IN CMZ MOLECULAR CLOUDS
SO 6TH ZERMATT ISM-SYMPOSIUM: CONDITIONS AND IMPACT OF STAR FORMATION: FROM
LAB TO SPACE: IN MEMORY OF CHARLES H. TOWNES
SE EAS Publications Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 6th Zermatt ISM Symposium on Conditions and Impact of Star Formation:
From Lab to Space
CY SEP 07-11, 2015
CL Zermatt, SWITZERLAND
SP Deutsch Forschungsgemeinschaft, Int Stifung Hochalpine Forschungstationen Jungfraujoch & Gornergrat, Burgergemeinde Zermatt, Gornegrat Monte Rosa Bahn
ID GALACTIC-CENTER; STAR-FORMATION; SIZE RELATION; GAS; I.
AB The Central Molecular Zone (CMZ; inner similar to 400 pc) hosts some of the most dense and massive molecular clouds of the Milky Way. Studying these clouds can potentially lead to a better understanding of the dense clouds seen in the central starburst regions in nearby galaxies or in the early universe. The clouds share an unusual feature: they form stars at an unusually slow rate compared to other Milky Way clouds of similar mass and density. Here we use interferometer data from ALMA and the SMA to show that this reduced star formation rate is a consequence of the cloud density structure: CMZ clouds have unusually flat density slopes. The clouds do, for example, exceed the average density of the Orion A molecular cloud by an order of magnitude on spatial scales similar to 5 pc, but the cores of CMZ clouds with similar to 0.1 pc radius often have masses and densities lower than what is found in the Orion KL region. This relative absence of highest-density gas probably explains the suppression of star formation. The clouds are relatively turbulent, and ALMA observations of H2CO and SiO indicate that the turbulence is induced by high-velocity shocks. We speculate that these shocks might prevent the formation of high-mass cores.
C1 [Kauffmann, J.; Pillai, T.; Menten, K. M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
[Zhang, Q.; Lu, X.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astroph, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Goldsmith, P. F.] CALTECH, JPL, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Guzman, A. E.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Camino Observ 1515, Santiago, Chile.
RP Kauffmann, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI CEDEX A
PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 1633-4760
BN 978-2-7598-2022-1
J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS
PY 2016
VL 75-76
BP 93
EP 96
DI 10.1051/eas/1575016
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BE9MS
UT WOS:000377836300015
ER
PT S
AU Zinnecker, H
AF Zinnecker, H.
CA SOFIA SMO Team
BE Simon, R
Schaaf, R
Stutzki, J
TI SOFIA - A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF ISM SCIENCE HIGHLIGHTS TO DATE
SO 6TH ZERMATT ISM-SYMPOSIUM: CONDITIONS AND IMPACT OF STAR FORMATION: FROM
LAB TO SPACE: IN MEMORY OF CHARLES H. TOWNES
SE EAS Publications Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 6th Zermatt ISM Symposium on Conditions and Impact of Star Formation:
From Lab to Space
CY SEP 07-11, 2015
CL Zermatt, SWITZERLAND
SP Deutsch Forschungsgemeinschaft, Int Stifung Hochalpine Forschungstationen Jungfraujoch & Gornergrat, Burgergemeinde Zermatt, Gornegrat Monte Rosa Bahn
ID GALACTIC-CENTER; ABSORPTION; ORION; RESOLUTION; CORE; LINE
AB SOFIA is now close to finishing its Cycle 3 observing season. Despite a turbulent year (2014) including a NASA funding crisis and a heavy maintenance visit (down-time) at Lufthansa-Technik, SOFIA has successfully carried out many important observing programs, using the 4 instruments GREAT, FORCAST, FIFI-LS, and EXES. A second southern hemisphere multi-week deployment to New Zealand was completed in June/July 2015 with FORCAST and GREAT and has provided exciting new data. Here we present a brief overview of science highlights from Cycle 0, 1, 2, and 3 observations related to the study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and star formation. Some of these results have been covered by more detailed individual accounts, but a summary and synopsis of SOFIA's major achievements to date seems worthwhile, also to indicate SOFIA's future potential for investigating key interstellar processes (collapse, disk formation, outflows, turbulence, heating and cooling, and magnetic field effects).
C1 [Zinnecker, H.] Univ Stuttgart, Deutsch SOFIA Inst, Stuttgart, Germany.
[Zinnecker, H.; SOFIA SMO Team] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA Sci Ctr, New York, NY 10010 USA.
RP Zinnecker, H (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Deutsch SOFIA Inst, Stuttgart, Germany.; Zinnecker, H (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA Sci Ctr, New York, NY 10010 USA.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI CEDEX A
PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 1633-4760
BN 978-2-7598-2022-1
J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS
PY 2016
VL 75-76
BP 433
EP 440
DI 10.1051/eas/1575086
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BE9MS
UT WOS:000377836300085
ER
PT J
AU Brogniez, H
English, S
Mahfouf, JF
Behrendt, A
Berg, W
Boukabara, S
Buehler, SA
Chambon, P
Gambacorta, A
Geer, A
Ingram, W
Kursinski, ER
Matricardi, M
Odintsova, TA
Payne, VH
Thorne, PW
Tretyakov, MY
Wang, JH
AF Brogniez, Helene
English, Stephen
Mahfouf, Jean-Francois
Behrendt, Andreas
Berg, Wesley
Boukabara, Sid
Buehler, Stefan Alexander
Chambon, Philippe
Gambacorta, Antonia
Geer, Alan
Ingram, William
Kursinski, E. Robert
Matricardi, Marco
Odintsova, Tatyana A.
Payne, Vivienne H.
Thorne, Peter W.
Tretyakov, Mikhail Yu
Wang, Junhong
TI A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in
observations and simulations at 183 GHz
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Review
ID WATER-VAPOR ABSORPTION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODELS; RADIANCE
OBSERVATIONS; CONTINUUM ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERIC WINDOW; BIAS CORRECTION;
AIR; ASSIMILATION; CHANNELS; SAPHIR
AB Several recent studies have observed systematic differences between measurements in the 183.31 GHz water vapor line by space-borne sounders and calculations using radiative transfer models, with inputs from either radiosondes (radiosonde observations, RAOBs) or short-range forecasts by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. This paper discusses all the relevant categories of observation-based or model-based data, quantifies their uncertainties and separates biases that could be common to all causes from those attributable to a particular cause. Reference observations from radiosondes, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, differential absorption lidar (DIAL) and Raman lidar are thus overviewed. Biases arising from their calibration procedures, NWP models and data assimilation, instrument biases and radiative transfer models (both the models themselves and the underlying spectroscopy) are presented and discussed. Although presently no single process in the comparisons seems capable of explaining the observed structure of bias, recommendations are made in order to better understand the causes.
C1 [Brogniez, Helene] UPMC, UVSQ, CNRS, LATMOS,IPSL, F-78280 Guyancourt, France.
[English, Stephen; Geer, Alan; Matricardi, Marco] ECMWF, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
[Mahfouf, Jean-Francois; Chambon, Philippe] Meteo France, CNRS, CNRM, GAME, F-31057 Toulouse, France.
[Behrendt, Andreas] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Phys & Meteorol, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
[Berg, Wesley] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Boukabara, Sid] NOAA, USA, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Buehler, Stefan Alexander] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, Ctr Earth Syst Res & Sustainabil, Hamburg, Germany.
[Gambacorta, Antonia] Sci & Technol Corp, Columbia, MD USA.
[Ingram, William] Hadley Ctr, MetOff, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Ingram, William] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, AOPP, Oxford, England.
[Kursinski, E. Robert] Space Sci & Engn, Boulder, CO USA.
[Odintsova, Tatyana A.; Tretyakov, Mikhail Yu] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia.
[Payne, Vivienne H.] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Thorne, Peter W.] Maynooth Univ, Dept Geog, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland.
[Wang, Junhong] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
RP Brogniez, H (reprint author), UPMC, UVSQ, CNRS, LATMOS,IPSL, F-78280 Guyancourt, France.
EM helene.brogniez@latmos.ipsl.fr
RI Buehler, Stefan Alexander/A-4056-2009; Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010;
Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014
OI Buehler, Stefan Alexander/0000-0001-6389-1160; Boukabara, Sid
Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806; Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798
FU CNES; Megha-Tropiques; EU [Ares(2014)3708963, 640276]; EUMETSAT through
its Climate Monitoring Satellite Application Facility (CM-SAF); Russian
Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); NASA Award from the Precipitation
Measurement Mission Science Team; National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
FX This paper reflects the outcomes of a workshop that was held 29-30 June
2015, in Paris. The process of identifying the key questions was
performed during a series of working group sessions whose additional
participants are thanked C. Accadia, R. Armante, P. Brunel, J. Bureau,
M. Dejus, S. Di Michele, A. Doherty, C. Dufour, F. Duruisseau R.
Fallourd, C. Goldstein, B. Ingleby, E. Kim, S. Laviola, A. Martini, V.
Mattioli, L. Picon, C. Prigent, P. Sinigoj, N. Viltard. We warmly thank
the CNES and Megha-Tropiques for the financial support of the workshop
and also Sophie Cloche (IPSL) for her immense help in its organization.
P.W Thorne was supported by the EU H2020 project GAIA-CLIM
(Ares(2014)3708963/Project 640276). W. Ingram was funded by EUMETSAT
through its Climate Monitoring Satellite Application Facility (CM-SAF).
T.A Odintsova and M.Y Tretyakov acknowledge partial support from the
Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR). V. H. Payne was supported
by a NASA Award from the Precipitation Measurement Mission Science Team.
Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration. Reference herein to any specific
commercial product, process or service by name, trademark, manufacturer
or otherwise does not imply its endorsement by the United States
government or the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology.
NR 71
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 5
BP 2207
EP 2221
DI 10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DO5XD
UT WOS:000377855300016
ER
PT J
AU Hulley, GC
Duren, RM
Hopkins, FM
Hook, SJ
Vance, N
Guillevic, P
Johnson, WR
Eng, BT
Mihaly, JM
Jovanovic, VM
Chazanoff, SL
Staniszewski, ZK
Kuai, L
Worden, J
Frankenberg, C
Rivera, G
Aubrey, AD
Miller, CE
Malakar, NK
Tomas, JMS
Holmes, KT
AF Hulley, Glynn C.
Duren, Riley M.
Hopkins, Francesca M.
Hook, Simon J.
Vance, Nick
Guillevic, Pierre
Johnson, William R.
Eng, Bjorn T.
Mihaly, Jonathan M.
Jovanovic, Veljko M.
Chazanoff, Seth L.
Staniszewski, Zak K.
Kuai, Le
Worden, John
Frankenberg, Christian
Rivera, Gerardo
Aubrey, Andrew D.
Miller, Charles E.
Malakar, Nabin K.
Sanchez Tomas, Juan M.
Holmes, Kendall T.
TI High spatial resolution imaging of methane and other trace gases with
the airborne Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (HyTES)
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID MATCHED-FILTER DETECTION; ANIMAL-WASTE LAGOONS; EARTH-SCIENCE;
ARCTIC-OCEAN; RETRIEVAL; WATER; SPECTROSCOPY; INFORMATION; INSTRUMENT;
AVIRIS
AB Currently large uncertainties exist associated with the attribution and quantification of fugitive emissions of criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases such as methane across large regions and key economic sectors. In this study, data from the airborne Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (HyTES) have been used to develop robust and reliable techniques for the detection and wide-area mapping of emission plumes of methane and other atmospheric trace gas species over challenging and diverse environmental conditions with high spatial resolution that permits direct attribution to sources. HyTES is a pushbroom imaging spectrometer with high spectral resolution (256 bands from 7.5 to 12 mu m), wide swath (1-2 km), and high spatial resolution (similar to 2m at 1 km altitude) that incorporates new thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing technologies. In this study we introduce a hybrid clutter matched filter (CMF) and plume dilation algorithm applied to HyTES observations to efficiently detect and characterize the spatial structures of individual plumes of CH4, H2S, NH3, NO2, and SO2 emitters. The sensitivity and field of regard of HyTES allows rapid and frequent airborne surveys of large areas including facilities not readily accessible from the surface. The HyTES CMF algorithm produces plume intensity images of methane and other gases from strong emission sources. The combination of high spatial resolution and multi-species imaging capability provides source attribution in complex environments. The CMF-based detection of strong emission sources over large areas is a fast and powerful tool needed to focus on more computationally intensive retrieval algorithms to quantify emissions with error estimates, and is useful for expediting mitigation efforts and addressing critical science questions.
C1 [Hulley, Glynn C.; Duren, Riley M.; Hopkins, Francesca M.; Hook, Simon J.; Vance, Nick; Johnson, William R.; Eng, Bjorn T.; Mihaly, Jonathan M.; Jovanovic, Veljko M.; Chazanoff, Seth L.; Staniszewski, Zak K.; Kuai, Le; Worden, John; Rivera, Gerardo; Aubrey, Andrew D.; Miller, Charles E.; Malakar, Nabin K.; Holmes, Kendall T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Guillevic, Pierre] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Sanchez Tomas, Juan M.] Univ Castilla La Mancha, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
[Frankenberg, Christian] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Hulley, GC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM glynn.hulley@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Sanchez, Juan Manuel/F-5807-2016; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013;
OI Sanchez, Juan Manuel/0000-0003-1027-9351; Frankenberg,
Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Malakar, Nabin/0000-0002-4816-6304
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Many
thanks to Francois Rongere from Pacific Gas and Electric's R&D and
Innovation division for their support for the controlled release test.
NR 46
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 5
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 5
BP 2393
EP 2408
DI 10.5194/amt-9-2393-2016
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DO5XD
UT WOS:000377855300028
ER
PT J
AU van de Berg, WJ
Medley, B
AF van de Berg, Willem Jan
Medley, Brooke
TI Brief Communication: Upper-air relaxation in RACMO2 significantly
improves modelled interannual surface mass balance variability in
Antarctica
SO CRYOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC CLIMATE MODEL; SNOW ACCUMULATION; WEST ANTARCTICA
AB The Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (RACMO2) has been a powerful tool for improving surface mass balance (SMB) estimates from GCMs or reanalyses. However, new yearly SMB observations for West Antarctica show that the modelled interannual variability in SMB is poorly simulated by RACMO2, in contrast to ERA-Interim, which resolves this variability well. In an attempt to remedy RACMO2 performance, we included additional upper-air relaxation (UAR) in RACMO2. With UAR, the correlation to observations is similar for RACMO2 and ERA-Interim. The spatial SMB patterns and ice-sheet-integrated SMB modelled using UAR remain very similar to the estimates of RACMO2 without UAR. We only observe an upstream smoothing of precipitation in regions with very steep topography like the Antarctic Peninsula. We conclude that UAR is a useful improvement for regional climate model simulations, although results in regions with steep topography should be treated with care.
C1 [van de Berg, Willem Jan] Univ Utrecht, IMAU, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Medley, Brooke] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP van de Berg, WJ (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, IMAU, Utrecht, Netherlands.
EM w.j.vandeberg@uu.nl
RI van de Berg, Willem Jan/H-4385-2011
NR 13
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1994-0416
EI 1994-0424
J9 CRYOSPHERE
JI Cryosphere
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 1
BP 459
EP 463
DI 10.5194/tc-10-459-2016
PG 5
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA DO2IF
UT WOS:000377602600030
ER
PT S
AU Biswas, A
Kovalik, JM
Srinivasan, M
Shaw, M
Piazzolla, S
Wright, MW
Farr, WH
AF Biswas, Abhijit
Kovalik, Joseph M.
Srinivasan, Meera
Shaw, Matthew
Piazzolla, Sabino
Wright, Malcolm W.
Farr, William H.
BE Hemmati, H
Boroson, DM
TI Deep space laser communications
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation
XXVIII
CY FEB 15-16, 2016
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Lasers; deep-space; communications; photon-counting
ID PHOTONS
AB A number of laser communication link demonstrations from near Earth distances extending out to lunar ranges have been remarkably successful, demonstrating the augmented channel capacity that is accessible with the use of lasers for communications. The next hurdle on the path to extending laser communication and its benefits throughout the solar system and beyond is to demonstrate deep-space laser communication links In this paper, concepts and technology development being advanced at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in order to enable deep-space link demonstrations to ranges of approximately 3 AU in the next decade, will be discussed.
C1 [Biswas, Abhijit; Kovalik, Joseph M.; Srinivasan, Meera; Shaw, Matthew; Piazzolla, Sabino; Wright, Malcolm W.; Farr, William H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Biswas, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Abhijit.Biswas@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 23
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 6
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-62841-974-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9739
AR 97390Q
DI 10.1117/12.2217428
PG 15
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BE9KN
UT WOS:000377708200023
ER
PT S
AU Chen, YJ
Abraham, DS
Heckman, DP
Kwok, A
MacNeal, BE
Tran, K
Wu, JP
AF Chen, Yijiang
Abraham, Douglas S.
Heckman, David P.
Kwok, Andrew
MacNeal, Bruce E.
Tran, Kristy
Wu, Janet P.
BE Hemmati, H
Boroson, DM
TI Architectural and Operational Considerations Emerging from Hybrid
RF-Optical Network Loading Simulations
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation
XXVIII
CY FEB 15-16, 2016
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Optical communications; DSN architecture; loading simulations; optical
operations
AB A technology demonstration of free space optical communication at interplanetary distances is planned via one or more future NASA deep-space missions. Such demonstrations will "pave the way" for operational use of optical communications on future robotic/potential Human missions. Hence, the Deep Space Network architecture will need to evolve. Preliminary attempts to model the anticipated future mission set and simulate how well it loads onto assumed architectures with combinations of RF and optical apertures have been evaluated. This paper discusses the results of preliminary loading simulations for hybrid RF-optical network architectures and highlights key mission and ground infrastructure considerations that emerge.
C1 [Chen, Yijiang; Abraham, Douglas S.; Heckman, David P.; Kwok, Andrew; MacNeal, Bruce E.; Tran, Kristy; Wu, Janet P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Chen, YJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-62841-974-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9739
AR 97390P
DI 10.1117/12.2213594
PG 11
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BE9KN
UT WOS:000377708200022
ER
PT S
AU Gupta, S
Engin, D
Pachowicz, D
Fouron, JL
Lander, J
Dang, X
Litvinovich, S
Chuang, T
Puffenberger, K
Kimpel, F
Utano, R
Wright, M
AF Gupta, Shantanu
Engin, Doruk
Pachowicz, Dave
Fouron, Jean-Luc
Lander, Juan
Dang, Xung
Litvinovich, Slava
Chuang, Ti
Puffenberger, Kent
Kimpel, Frank
Utano, Rich
Wright, Malcolm
BE Hemmati, H
Boroson, DM
TI Development, testing and initial space qualification of 1.5-mu m,
high-power (6W), pulse-position-modulated (PPM) fiber laser transmitter
for deep-space laser communication
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation
XXVIII
CY FEB 15-16, 2016
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Laser Communication; Space Qualification; Fiber Laser; Fiber Amplifier;
Fiber Optic
AB We report on the development, testing and initial space qualification of a 1.5-mu m, high-power (6W), high wall-plug efficiency (similar to 15%), pulse-position-modulated (PPM), polarization-maintaining (PM), fiber laser transmitter sub-system for deep-space laser communication links Programmable high-order PPM modulation up to PPM-128 formats, with discrete pulse slots ranging from 0.5- to 8-nsec, satisfies variety of link requirements for deep space laser communication to Mars, asteroids, and other deep-space relay links, per NASA's space laser communication roadmap. We also present initial space qualification results from thermal-vacuum tests, vibration testing, radiation testing and an overall reliability assessment.
C1 [Gupta, Shantanu; Engin, Doruk; Pachowicz, Dave; Fouron, Jean-Luc; Lander, Juan; Dang, Xung; Litvinovich, Slava; Chuang, Ti; Puffenberger, Kent; Kimpel, Frank; Utano, Rich] Fibertek Inc, 13605 Dulles Technol Dr, Herndon, VA 20171 USA.
[Wright, Malcolm] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Gupta, S (reprint author), Fibertek Inc, 13605 Dulles Technol Dr, Herndon, VA 20171 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-62841-974-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9739
AR 97390V
DI 10.1117/12.2213661
PG 10
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BE9KN
UT WOS:000377708200028
ER
PT S
AU Krainak, MA
Yang, G
Sun, X
Lu, W
Merritt, S
Beck, J
AF Krainak, M. A.
Yang, G.
Sun, X.
Lu, W.
Merritt, S.
Beck, J.
BE Hemmati, H
Boroson, DM
TI Novel photon-counting detectors for free-space communication
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation
XXVIII
CY FEB 15-16, 2016
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Detectors; photon-counting; avalanche photodiodes; optical communication
AB We present performance data for novel photon-counting detectors for free space optical communication. NASA GSFC is testing the performance of two types of novel photon-counting detectors 1) a 2x8 mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) avalanche array made by DRS Inc., and a 2) a commercial 2880-element silicon avalanche photodiode (APD) array. We present and compare dark count, photon-detection efficiency, wavelength response and communication performance data for these detectors. We successfully measured real-time communication performance using both the 2 detected-photon threshold and AND-gate coincidence methods. Use of these methods allows mitigation of dark count, after-pulsing and background noise effects.
The HgCdTe APD array routinely demonstrated photon detection efficiencies of greater than 50% across 5 arrays, with one array reaching a maximum PDE of 70%. We performed high-resolution pixel-surface spot scans and measured the junction diameters of its diodes. We found that decreasing the junction diameter from 31 mu m to 25 mu m doubled the e-APD gain from 470 for an array produced in the year 2010 to a gain of 1100 on an array delivered to NASA GSFC recently. The mean single-photon SNR was over 12 and the excess noise factors measurements were 1.2-1.3.
The commercial silicon APD array exhibited a fast output with rise times of 300 ps and pulse widths of 600 ps. On-chip individually filtered signals from the entire array were multiplexed onto a single fast output.
C1 [Krainak, M. A.; Yang, G.; Sun, X.; Lu, W.; Merritt, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Beck, J.] DRS Technol, Network & Imaging Syst, Dallas, TX USA.
RP Krainak, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-62841-974-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9739
AR 97390T
DI 10.1117/12.2213190
PG 8
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BE9KN
UT WOS:000377708200026
ER
PT S
AU Luzhansky, E
Edwards, B
Israel, D
Cornwell, D
Staren, J
Cummings, N
Roberts, T
Patschke, R
AF Luzhansky, E.
Edwards, B.
Israel, D.
Cornwell, D.
Staren, J.
Cummings, N.
Roberts, T.
Patschke, R.
BE Hemmati, H
Boroson, DM
TI Overview and Status of the Laser Communication Relay Demonstration
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation
XXVIII
CY FEB 15-16, 2016
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
AB NASA is presently developing the first all-optical high data rate satellite relay system, LCRD. To be flown on a geosynchronous satellite, it will communicate with DPSK and PPM modulation formats up to 1.244 Gbps. LCRD flight payload is being developed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. The two ground stations, one on Table Mountain in CA, developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and another on a Hawaiian island will enable bi-directional relay operation and ground sites diversity experiments.
In this paper we will describe LCRD system, its expected system performance and will report on the current state of the system development.
C1 [Luzhansky, E.; Edwards, B.; Israel, D.; Staren, J.; Cummings, N.; Patschke, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Cornwell, D.] NASA Headquarters, SCaN Program, Washington, DC USA.
[Roberts, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Luzhansky, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 7
U2 9
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-62841-974-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9739
AR 97390C
DI 10.1117/12.2218182
PG 14
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BE9KN
UT WOS:000377708200010
ER
PT S
AU Roberts, WT
Antsos, D
Croonquist, A
Piazzolla, S
Roberts, LC
Garkanian, V
Trinh, T
Wright, MW
Rogalin, R
Wu, J
Clare, L
AF Roberts, W. T.
Antsos, D.
Croonquist, A.
Piazzolla, S.
Roberts, L. C., Jr.
Garkanian, V.
Trinh, T.
Wright, M. W.
Rogalin, R.
Wu, J.
Clare, L.
BE Hemmati, H
Boroson, DM
TI Overview of Optical Ground Station 1 of the NASA Space Communications
and Navigation Program
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation
XXVIII
CY FEB 15-16, 2016
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Optical Communications; Laser Communications; LCRD; Space-Based Relay;
Optical Channel
AB Optical Ground Station 1 (OGS1) is the first of a new breed of dedicated ground terminals to support NASA's developing space-based optical communications infrastructure. It is based at NASA's Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory (OCTL) at the Table Mountain Observatory near Wrightwood, CA. The system will serve as the primary ground station for NASA's Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) experiment. This paper presents an overview of the OCTL telescope facility, the OGS1 ground-based optical communications systems, and the networking and control infrastructure currently under development. The OGS1 laser safety systems and atmospheric monitoring systems are also briefly described.
C1 [Roberts, W. T.; Antsos, D.; Croonquist, A.; Piazzolla, S.; Roberts, L. C., Jr.; Garkanian, V.; Trinh, T.; Wright, M. W.; Rogalin, R.; Wu, J.; Clare, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Roberts, WT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-62841-974-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9739
AR 97390B
DI 10.1117/12.2217465
PG 18
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BE9KN
UT WOS:000377708200009
ER
PT S
AU Srinivasan, M
Andrews, KS
Farr, WH
Wong, A
AF Srinivasan, Meera
Andrews, Kenneth S.
Farr, William H.
Wong, Andre
BE Hemmati, H
Boroson, DM
TI Photon Counting Detector Array Algorithms for Deep Space Optical
Communications
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation
XXVIII
CY FEB 15-16, 2016
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Optical communications; photon counting; beacon tracking
AB For deep-space optical communications systems utilizing an uplink optical beacon, a single-photon-counting detector array on the flight terminal can be used to simultaneously perform uplink tracking and communications as well as accurate downlink pointing at photon-starved (pW/m(2)) power levels. In this paper, we discuss concepts and algorithms for uplink signal acquisition, tracking, and parameter estimation using a photon-counting camera. Statistical models of detector output data and signal processing algorithms are presented, incorporating realistic effects such as Earth background and detector/readout blocking. Analysis and simulation results are validated against measured laboratory data using state-of-the-art commercial photon-counting detector arrays, demonstrating sub-microradian tracking errors under channel conditions representative of deep space optical links.
C1 [Srinivasan, Meera; Andrews, Kenneth S.; Farr, William H.; Wong, Andre] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Srinivasan, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM msrini@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-62841-974-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9739
AR 97390X
DI 10.1117/12.2217971
PG 16
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BE9KN
UT WOS:000377708200030
ER
PT S
AU Wright, MW
Kovalik, J
Morris, J
Abrahamson, M
Biswas, A
AF Wright, Malcolm W.
Kovalik, Joseph
Morris, Jeff
Abrahamson, Matthew
Biswas, Abhijit
BE Hemmati, H
Boroson, DM
TI LEO-to-ground optical communications link using adaptive optics
correction on the OPALS downlink
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation
XXVIII
CY FEB 15-16, 2016
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Free space optical communications; adaptive optics; OPALS; ISS; OCTL
AB The Optical PAyload for Lasercomm Science (OPALS) experiment on the International Space Station (ISS) recently demonstrated successful optical downlinks to the NASA/JPL 1-m aperture telescope at the Optical Communication Telescope Laboratory (OCTL) located near Wrightwood, CA. A large area (200 mu m diameter) free space coupled avalanche photodiode (APD) detector was used to receive video and a bit patterns at 50 Mb/s. We report on a recent experiment that used an adaptive optics system at OCTL to correct for atmospherically-induced refractive index fluctuations so that the downlink from the ISS could be coupled into a single mode fiber receiver. Stable fiber coupled power was achieved over an entire pass using a self-referencing interferometer based adaptive optics system that was provided and operated by Boeing Co. and integrated to OCTL. End-to-end transmission and reconstruction of an HD video signal verified the communication performance as in the original OPALS demonstration. Coupling the signal into a single mode fiber opens the possibility for higher bandwidth and efficiency modulation schemes and serves as a pilot experiment for future implementations.
C1 [Wright, Malcolm W.; Kovalik, Joseph; Abrahamson, Matthew; Biswas, Abhijit] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Morris, Jeff] Boeing Co, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA.
RP Wright, MW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-62841-974-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9739
AR 973904
DI 10.1117/12.2211201
PG 10
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BE9KN
UT WOS:000377708200003
ER
PT S
AU Yang, GN
Lu, W
Sun, XL
Chen, J
Krainak, M
AF Yang, Guangning
Lu, Wei
Sun, Xiaoli
Chen, Jeffery
Krainak, Michael
BE Hemmati, H
Boroson, DM
TI Innovative free space optical communication and navigation system with
high data rate communication, precision ranging, range rate
measurements, and accurate spacecraft pointing
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation
XXVIII
CY FEB 15-16, 2016
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Optical communication; ranging; range rate; formation fly; Cubesat
AB We report an innovative free Space optical communication and navigation system which provides high data rate communication, precise measurements of spacecraft ranging, range rate, and accurate spacecraft pointing. A complete breadboard system was built. It includes both space and ground terminals Along with 622MBPS data link, two way ranging were conducted. 23 mu m ranging and 23 mu m/s range rate accuracies were achieved in 1 second integrating time. These ranging performance is not sensitive to the communication error rate. The high ranging and range rate accuracies were achieved through the relative phase measurement of transmit and receive clock with Dual Mixer Timer Difference measurement apparatus.
C1 [Yang, Guangning; Lu, Wei; Sun, Xiaoli; Chen, Jeffery; Krainak, Michael] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Yang, GN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-62841-974-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9739
AR 97390K
DI 10.1117/12.2197923
PG 8
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BE9KN
UT WOS:000377708200017
ER
PT J
AU Schroeder, DM
Grima, C
Blankenship, DD
AF Schroeder, Dustin M.
Grima, Cyril
Blankenship, Donald D.
TI Evidence for variable grounding-zone and shear-margin basal conditions
across Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica
SO GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AMUNDSEN SEA EMBAYMENT; ICE-SHEET; PINE ISLAND; EAST ANTARCTICA; BED;
REFLECTIVITY; RETREAT; STREAMS; WIDESPREAD; STABILITY
AB Definitive interpretation of ice-sheet basal conditions from radar-sounding data beneath outlet-glacier grounding zones and shear margins can be problematic due to poorly constrained and spatially variable englacial attenuation rates and losses from propagation through a rough ice surface. To correct for spatially variable attenuation rates, we developed a novel radar analysis approach that provided improved empirical attenuation correction by fitting linearly variable attenuation rates along radar-sounding profiles from the ice-sheet interior to the grounding zone. We also corrected for ice-surface propagation losses by using surface echo amplitude distributions to constrain the loss of coherent power for surface reflections and two-way propagation through a rough ice surface. By applying this approach to airborne radar-sounding observations of the Thwaites Glacier catchment in West Antarctica, we produced relative reflectivity profiles, which show grounding-zone basal conditions varying across the Amundsen Sea Embayment. Additionally, these techniques provided improved characterization of basal conditions across shear margins, showing that-contrary to previous interpretations-the eastern shear margin of Thwaites Glacier corresponded to a change in basal conditions consistent with a transition from frozen to thawed bed.
C1 [Schroeder, Dustin M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Grima, Cyril; Blankenship, Donald D.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX USA.
RP Schroeder, DM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM dustin.m.schroeder@jpl.nasa.gov; cyril.grima@gmail.com;
blank@ig.utexas.edu
OI Grima, Cyril/0000-0001-7135-3055; Schroeder, Dustin/0000-0003-1916-3929
FU G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation; NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program;
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX D. M. Schroeder would like to thank J. Greenbaum and A. Khazendar for
their informative discussions on the interpretation of radar-sounding
data in grounding zones. The authors would also like to thank K.
Christianson, R. Drews, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that
greatly improved the manuscript. C. Grima was supported by the G. Unger
Vetlesen Foundation. This is UTIG contribution 2848. D. M. Schroeder was
supported by a grant from the NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program. This
work was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration.
NR 40
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 5
U2 7
PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS
PI TULSA
PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA
SN 0016-8033
EI 1942-2156
J9 GEOPHYSICS
JI Geophysics
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2016
VL 81
IS 1
BP WA35
EP WA43
DI 10.1190/GEO2015-0122.1
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA DO6GA
UT WOS:000377880100025
ER
PT S
AU Goransson, R
Aydemir, A
Jensfelt, P
AF Goransson, Rasmus
Aydemir, Alper
Jensfelt, Patric
BE Menegatti, E
Michael, N
Berns, K
Yamaguchi, H
TI Kinect@Home: A Crowdsourced RGB-D Dataset
SO INTELLIGENT AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS 13
SE Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 13th International Conference on Intelligent Autonomous Systems (IAS)
CY JUL 15-18, 2014
CL Centro Congressi Padova, Padova, ITALY
SP Univ Padova
HO Centro Congressi Padova
DE RGB-D; Dataset; Reconstruction; SLAM; Benchmark
AB Algorithms for 3D localization, mapping, and reconstruction are getting increasingly mature. It is time to also make the datasets on which they are tested more realistic to reflect the conditions in the homes of real people. Today algorithms are tested on data gathered in the lab or at best in a few places, and almost always by the people that designed the algorithm. In this paper, we present the first RGB-D dataset from the crowdsourced data collection project Kinect@Home and perform an initial analysis of it. The dataset contains 54 recordings with a total of approximately 45 min of RGB-D video. We present a comparison of two different pose estimation methods, the Kinfu algorithm and a key point-based method, to show how this dataset can be used even though it is lacking ground truth. In addition, the analysis highlights the different characteristics and error modes of the two methods and shows how challenging data from the real world is.
C1 [Goransson, Rasmus; Jensfelt, Patric] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Ctr Autonomous Syst, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Aydemir, Alper] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Comp Vis Grp, Los Angeles, CA 91109 USA.
RP Goransson, R (reprint author), KTH Royal Inst Technol, Ctr Autonomous Syst, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
EM rasmusgo@kth.se; Alper.O.Aydemir@jpl.nasa.gov; patric@kth.se
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 2194-5357
BN 978-3-319-08338-4; 978-3-319-08337-7
J9 ADV INTELL SYST
PY 2016
VL 302
BP 843
EP 858
DI 10.1007/978-3-319-08338-4_61
PG 16
WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence;
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering
GA BE9OF
UT WOS:000377956900061
ER
PT S
AU Gregory, KJ
Hill, JE
Black, JK
Baumgartner, WH
Jahoda, K
AF Gregory, Kyle J.
Hill, Joanne E.
Black, J. Kevin
Baumgartner, Wayne H.
Jahoda, Keith
BE Chenault, DB
Goldstein, DH
TI An Efficient, FPGA-Based, Cluster Detection Algorithm Implementation for
a Strip Detector Readout System in a Time Projection Chamber Polarimeter
SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING XII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing
XII
CY APR 18-19, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Cluster Detection; FPGA; Strip Detector; Time Projection Chamber;
photoelectron APV25; x-ray; polarization; polarimeter
AB A fundamental challenge in a spaceborne application of a gas-based Time Projection Chamber (TPC) for observation of X-ray polarization is handling the large amount of data collected. The TPC polarimeter described uses the APV-25 Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) to readout a strip detector. Two dimensional photoelectron track images are created with a time projection technique and used to determine the polarization of the incident X-rays. The detector produces a 128x30 pixel image per photon interaction with each pixel registering 12 bits of collected charge. This creates challenging requirements for data storage and downlink bandwidth with only a modest incidence of photons and can have a significant impact on the overall mission cost. An approach is described for locating and isolating the photoelectron track within the detector image, yielding a much smaller data product, typically between 8x8 pixels and 20x20 pixels. This approach is implemented using a Microsemi RT-ProASIC3-3000 Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), clocked at 20 MHz and utilizing 10.7k logic gates (14% of FPGA), 20 Block RAMs (17% of FPGA), and no external RAM. Results will be presented, demonstrating successful photoelectron track cluster detection with minimal impact to detector dead-time.
C1 [Gregory, Kyle J.; Hill, Joanne E.; Black, J. Kevin; Baumgartner, Wayne H.; Jahoda, Keith] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Black, J. Kevin] Rock Creek Sci, 140 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Baumgartner, Wayne H.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
RP Gregory, KJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM kyle.j.gregory@nasa.gov; joanne.e.hill@nasa.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0094-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9853
AR 98530Z
DI 10.1117/12.2222800
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BE9KM
UT WOS:000377707500028
ER
PT S
AU Korkin, S
Lyapustin, A
Sinyuk, A
Holben, B
AF Korkin, Sergey
Lyapustin, Alexei
Sinyuk, Aliaksandr
Holben, Brent
BE Chenault, DB
Goldstein, DH
TI A new code SORD for simulation of polarized light scattering in the
Earth atmosphere
SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING XII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing
XII
CY APR 18-19, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE polarized radiative transfer; successive orders of scattering;
open-source scientific software
ID VECTOR RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SUCCESSIVE ORDER; TRANSFER MODEL;
RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; COUPLED ATMOSPHERE; AEROSOL PROPERTIES; OCEAN
SYSTEMS; ALGORITHMS; INTENSITY; RETRIEVAL
AB We report a new publicly available radiative transfer (RT) code for numerical simulation of polarized light scattering in plane-parallel Earth atmosphere. Using 44 benchmark tests, we prove high accuracy of the new RT code, SORD (Successive ORDers of scattering(1, 2)). We describe capabilities of SORD and show run time for each test on two different machines. At present, SORD is supposed to work as part of the Aerosol Robotic NETwork(3) (AERONET) inversion algorithm. For natural integration with the AERONET software, SORD is coded in Fortran 90/95. The code is available by email request from the corresponding (first) author or from ftp://climate1.gsfc.nasa.gov/skorkin/SORD/ or ftp://maiac.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/SORD.zip
C1 [Korkin, Sergey] USRA GESTAR, 7178 Columbia Gateway Dr, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.
[Korkin, Sergey; Lyapustin, Alexei; Sinyuk, Aliaksandr; Holben, Brent] NASA GSFC, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Sinyuk, Aliaksandr] Sigma Space Corp, 4600 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
RP Korkin, S (reprint author), USRA GESTAR, 7178 Columbia Gateway Dr, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.; Korkin, S (reprint author), NASA GSFC, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM sergey.v.korkin@nasa.gov
NR 44
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0094-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9853
AR 985305
DI 10.1117/12.2223423
PG 13
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BE9KM
UT WOS:000377707500005
ER
PT S
AU Krainak, MA
Rambo, TM
Yang, GN
Lu, W
Numata, K
AF Krainak, Michael A.
Rambo, Timothy M.
Yang, Guangning
Lu, Wei
Numata, Kenji
BE Itzler, MA
Campbell, JC
TI Femtosecond photon-counting receiver
SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES X
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques X
CY APR 20-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Optical correlator; Fourth order interferometer; Intensity
interferometer; Laser ranging; Optical frequency combs; Fiber lasers;
Photon number detectors
ID INTERFERENCE; TIME
AB An optical correlation receiver is described that provides ultra-precise distance and/or time/pulsewidth measurements even for weak (single photons) and short (femtosecond) optical signals. A new type of optical correlation receiver uses a fourth-order (intensity) interferometer to provide micron distance measurements even for weak (single photons) and short (femtosecond) optical signals. The optical correlator uses a low-noise-integrating detector that can resolve photon number. The correlation (range as a function of path delay) is calculated from the variance of the photon number of the difference of the optical signals on the two detectors. Our preliminary proof-of principle data (using a short-pulse diode laser transmitter) demonstrates tens of microns precision.
C1 [Krainak, Michael A.; Yang, Guangning; Lu, Wei; Numata, Kenji] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Rambo, Timothy M.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA.
RP Krainak, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0099-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9858
AR 98580S
DI 10.1117/12.2225947
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BE9KO
UT WOS:000377708700012
ER
PT S
AU Lu, W
Krainak, MA
Yang, GN
Sun, XL
Merritt, S
AF Lu, Wei
Krainak, Michael A.
Yang, Guangning
Sun, Xiaoli
Merritt, Scott
BE Itzler, MA
Campbell, JC
TI Low-Noise Free-Running High-Rate Photon-Counting for Space Communication
and Ranging
SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES X
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques X
CY APR 20-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Detectors; photon-counting; avalanche photodiodes; optical
communication; ranging; navigation
AB We present performance data for low-noise free-running high-rate photon counting method for space optical communication and ranging. NASA GSFC is testing the performance of two types of novel photon-counting detectors 1) a 2x8 mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) avalanche array made by DRS Inc., and a 2) a commercial 2880-element silicon avalanche photodiode (APD) array. We successfully measured real-time communication performance using both the 2 detected-photon threshold and logic AND-gate coincidence methods. Use of these methods allows mitigation of dark count, after-pulsing and background noise effects without using other method of Time Gating
The HgCdTe APD array routinely demonstrated very high photon detection efficiencies (>50%) at near infrared wavelength. The commercial silicon APD array exhibited a fast output with rise times of 300 ps and pulse widths of 600 ps. On-chip individually filtered signals from the entire array were multiplexed onto a single fast output. NASA GSFC has tested both detectors for their potential application for space communications and ranging. We developed and compare their performances using both the 2 detected photon threshold and coincidence methods.
C1 [Lu, Wei; Krainak, Michael A.; Yang, Guangning; Sun, Xiaoli; Merritt, Scott] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Lu, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0099-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9858
AR 98580T
DI 10.1117/12.2225925
PG 11
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BE9KO
UT WOS:000377708700013
ER
PT S
AU Verma, VB
Allman, MS
Stevens, M
Gerrits, T
Horansky, RD
Lita, AE
Marsili, F
Beyer, A
Shaw, MD
Stern, JA
Mirin, RP
Nam, SW
AF Verma, V. B.
Allman, M. S.
Stevens, M.
Gerrits, T.
Horansky, R. D.
Lita, A. E.
Marsili, F.
Beyer, A.
Shaw, M. D.
Stern, J. A.
Mirin, R. P.
Nam, S. W.
BE Itzler, MA
Campbell, JC
TI Recent advances in superconducting nanowire single photon detectors for
single-photon imaging
SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES X
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques X
CY APR 20-21, 2016
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE nanowire; SNSPD; array
ID READOUT CIRCUIT; ARRAY; EFFICIENCY
AB We demonstrate a 64-pixel free-space-coupled array of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors optimized for high detection efficiency in the near-infrared range. An integrated, readily scalable, multiplexed readout scheme is employed to reduce the number of readout lines to 16. The cryogenic, optical, and electronic packaging to read out the array, as well as characterization measurements are discussed.
C1 [Verma, V. B.; Allman, M. S.; Stevens, M.; Gerrits, T.; Horansky, R. D.; Lita, A. E.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Marsili, F.; Beyer, A.; Shaw, M. D.; Stern, J. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Verma, VB (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 7
U2 9
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-1-5106-0099-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2016
VL 9858
AR 98580M
DI 10.1117/12.2225241
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BE9KO
UT WOS:000377708700009
ER
PT J
AU Morton, DC
Rubio, J
Cook, BD
Gastellu-Etchegorry, JP
Longo, M
Choi, H
Hunter, M
Keller, M
AF Morton, Douglas C.
Rubio, Jeremy
Cook, Bruce D.
Gastellu-Etchegorry, Jean-Philippe
Longo, Marcos
Choi, Hyeungu
Hunter, Maria
Keller, Michael
TI Amazon forest structure generates diurnal and seasonal variability in
light utilization
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CHLOROPHYLL
FLUORESCENCE; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; DIFFUSE-RADIATION; CARBON BALANCE;
RAIN-FOREST; DRY SEASON; PHOTOSYNTHETIC SEASONALITY; EXPERIMENTAL
DROUGHT
AB The complex three-dimensional (3-D) structure of tropical forests generates a diversity of light environments for canopy and understory trees. Understanding diurnal and seasonal changes in light availability is critical for interpreting measurements of net ecosystem exchange and improving ecosystem models. Here, we used the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) model to simulate leaf absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (lAPAR) for an Amazon forest. The 3-D model scene was developed from airborne lidar data, and local measurements of leaf reflectance, aerosols, and PAR were used to model lAPAR under direct and diffuse illumination conditions. Simulated lAPAR under clear-sky and cloudy conditions was corrected for light saturation effects to estimate light utilization, the fraction of lAPAR available for photosynthesis. Although the fraction of incoming PAR absorbed by leaves was consistent throughout the year (0.80-0.82), light utilization varied seasonally (0.67-0.74), with minimum values during the Amazon dry season. Shadowing and light saturation effects moderated potential gains in forest productivity from increasing PAR during dry-season months when the diffuse fraction from clouds and aerosols was low. Comparisons between DART and other models highlighted the role of 3-D forest structure to account for seasonal changes in light utilization. Our findings highlight how directional illumination and forest 3-D structure combine to influence diurnal and seasonal variability in light utilization, independent of further changes in leaf area, leaf age, or environmental controls on canopy photosynthesis. Changing illumination geometry constitutes an alternative biophysical explanation for observed seasonality in Amazon forest productivity without changes in canopy phenology.
C1 [Morton, Douglas C.; Rubio, Jeremy; Cook, Bruce D.; Choi, Hyeungu] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Rubio, Jeremy; Gastellu-Etchegorry, Jean-Philippe] Univ Toulouse, IRD, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spati BIOsphere CESBIO,UPS,CNES, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France.
[Longo, Marcos; Keller, Michael] Embrapa Monitoramento Satelite, BR-13070115 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
[Choi, Hyeungu] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
[Hunter, Maria] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Keller, Michael] USDA Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00926 USA.
RP Morton, DC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM douglas.morton@nasa.gov
RI Morton, Douglas/D-5044-2012; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012
OI Longo, Marcos/0000-0001-5062-6245; Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359
FU NASA; Brazil's National Council on Scientific Development & Technology
(CNPq); US Department of State; USAID; US SilvaCarbon Program
FX This research was funded by NASA's Terrestrial Ecology and Carbon
Monitoring System programs and Brazil's National Council on Scientific
Development & Technology (CNPq) Science Without Borders Fellowship
Program. Funding for lidar data collection was provided by the US
Department of State, USAID, and the US SilvaCarbon Program. Lidar data
are available from the Sustainable Landscapes Project:
http://mapas.cnpm.embrapa.br/paisagenssustentaveis/.
NR 80
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 13
U2 18
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
EI 1726-4189
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 7
BP 2195
EP 2206
DI 10.5194/bg-13-2195-2016
PG 12
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA DN7RW
UT WOS:000377276000014
ER
PT J
AU Lyons, JB
Ho, NT
Koltai, KS
Masequesmay, G
Skoog, M
Cacanindin, A
Johnson, WW
AF Lyons, Joseph B.
Nhut T. Ho
Koltai, Kolina S.
Masequesmay, Gina
Skoog, Mark
Cacanindin, Artemio
Johnson, Walter W.
TI Trust-Based Analysis of an Air Force Collision Avoidance System
SO ERGONOMICS IN DESIGN
LA English
DT Article
DE trust in automation; automation reliance; CFIT; nuisance budget; test
pilot; Auto-GCAS technology; design; automation design; human-machine
interaction; automated system
ID AUTOMATION; METAANALYSIS; RELIANCE
AB FEATURE AT A GLANCE: This case study analyzes the factors that influence trust and acceptance among users (in this case, test pilots) of the Air Force's Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System. Our analyses revealed that test pilots' trust depended on a number of factors, including the development of a nuisance-free algorithm, designing fly-up evasive maneuvers consistent with a pilot's preferred behavior, and using training to assess, demonstrate, and verify the system's reliability. These factors are consistent with the literature on trust in automation and could lead to best practices for automation design, testing, and acceptance.
C1 [Lyons, Joseph B.] Wright State Univ, Ind Org Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA.
[Nhut T. Ho] Calif State Univ Northridge, Mech Engn, Northridge, CA 91330 USA.
[Koltai, Kolina S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Flight Deck Display Res Lab, New York, NY USA.
[Masequesmay, Gina] Calif State Univ Northridge, Asian Amer Studies Dept, Northridge, CA 91330 USA.
[Skoog, Mark] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA.
[Cacanindin, Artemio] Global Power Fighters Combined Test Force, Edwards AFB, CA USA.
[Johnson, Walter W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Human Syst Integrat Div, New York, NY USA.
RP Lyons, JB (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Ind Org Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA.
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 1064-8046
EI 2169-5083
J9 ERGON DES
JI Ergon. Des.
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 24
IS 1
BP 9
EP 12
DI 10.1177/1064804615611274
PG 4
WC Ergonomics
SC Engineering
GA DO2NW
UT WOS:000377617700003
ER
PT J
AU Lyons, JB
Koltai, KS
Ho, NT
Johnson, WB
Smith, DE
Shively, RJ
AF Lyons, Joseph B.
Koltai, Kolina S.
Nhut T. Ho
Johnson, Walter B.
Smith, David E.
Shively, R. Jay
TI Engineering Trust in Complex Automated Systems
SO ERGONOMICS IN DESIGN
LA English
DT Article
DE trust in automation; transparency; commercial aviation; human-machine
interface; commercial airline pilot; automated tools; emergency
operations; pilot error; shared awareness; NASA; automated aids
ID RELIANCE; ISSUES
AB FEATURE AT A GLANCE: We studied the transparency of automated tools used during emergency operations in commercial aviation. Transparency (operationalized as increasing levels of explanation associated with an automated tool recommendation) was manipulated to evaluate how transparent interfaces influence pilot trust of an emergency landing planning aid. We conducted a low-fidelity study in which commercial pilots interacted with simulated recommendations from NASA's Emergency Landing Planner (ELP) that varied in their associated levels of transparency. Results indicated that trust in the ELP was influenced by the level of transparency within the human-machine interface of the ELP. Design recommendations for automated systems are discussed.
C1 [Lyons, Joseph B.] Wright State Univ, Ind Org Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA.
[Koltai, Kolina S.] NASA, Ames Flight Deck Display Res Lab, Washington, DC USA.
[Nhut T. Ho] Calif State Univ Northridge, Mech Engn, Northridge, CA 91330 USA.
[Johnson, Walter B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Human Syst Integrat Div, Washington, DC USA.
[Johnson, Walter B.] NASA, Leads Flight Deck Display Res, Washington, DC USA.
[Smith, David E.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Washington, DC USA.
RP Lyons, JB (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Ind Org Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA.
NR 13
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 1064-8046
EI 2169-5083
J9 ERGON DES
JI Ergon. Des.
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 24
IS 1
BP 13
EP 17
DI 10.1177/1064804615611272
PG 5
WC Ergonomics
SC Engineering
GA DO2NW
UT WOS:000377617700004
ER
PT S
AU Hockman, B
Frick, A
Nesnas, IAD
Pavone, M
AF Hockman, B.
Frick, A.
Nesnas, I. A. D.
Pavone, M.
BE Wettergreen, DS
Barfoot, TD
TI Design, Control, and Experimentation of Internally-Actuated Rovers for
the Exploration of Low-Gravity Planetary Bodies
SO FIELD AND SERVICE ROBOTICS: RESULTS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
SE Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th International Conference on Field and Service Robotics (FSR)
CY JUN 23-26, 2015
CL Toronto, CANADA
SP Clearpath Robot, Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Fac Appl Sci & Engn
ID MISSION
AB In this paper we discuss the design, control, and experimentation of internally-actuated rovers for the exploration of low-gravity (micro-g to milli-g) planetary bodies, such as asteroids, comets, or small moons. The actuation of the rover relies on spinning three internal flywheels, which allows all subsystems to be packaged in one sealed enclosure and enables the platform to be minimalistic, thereby reducing its cost. By controlling the flywheels' spin rates, the rover is capable of achieving large surface coverage by attitude-controlled hops, fine mobility by tumbling, and coarse instrument pointing by changing orientation relative to the ground. We discuss the dynamics of such rovers, their control, and key design features (e.g., flywheel design and orientation, geometry of external spikes, and system engineering aspects). The theoretical analysis is validated on a first-of-a-kind 6 degree-of-freedom (DoF) microgravity test bed, which consists of a 3 DoF gimbal attached to an actively controlled gantry crane.
C1 [Hockman, B.; Pavone, M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Project PI, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Frick, A.; Nesnas, I. A. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Hockman, B (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Project PI, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM bhockman@stanford.edu; andreas.frick@jpl.nasa.gov;
issa.a.nesnas@jpl.nasa.gov; pavone@stanford.edu
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 1610-7438
BN 978-3-319-27702-8; 978-3-319-27700-4
J9 SPRINGER TRAC ADV RO
PY 2016
VL 113
BP 283
EP 298
DI 10.1007/978-3-319-27702-8_19
PG 16
WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence;
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics
SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics
GA BE9BG
UT WOS:000377201600019
ER
PT J
AU Maurer, EP
Ficklin, DL
Wang, W
AF Maurer, E. P.
Ficklin, D. L.
Wang, W.
TI Technical Note: The impact of spatial scale in bias correction of
climate model output for hydrologic impact studies
SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-AMERICAN CLIMATE; UNITED-STATES; HISTORICAL SIMULATIONS; DAILY
TEMPERATURE; INFLATION ISSUE; PRECIPITATION; PROJECTIONS; CALIFORNIA;
DATASET; CMIP5
AB Statistical downscaling is a commonly used technique for translating large-scale climate model output to a scale appropriate for assessing impacts. To ensure down-scaled meteorology can be used in climate impact studies, downscaling must correct biases in the large-scale signal. A simple and generally effective method for accommodating systematic biases in large-scale model output is quantile mapping, which has been applied to many variables and shown to reduce biases on average, even in the presence of non-stationarity. Quantile-mapping bias correction has been applied at spatial scales ranging from hundreds of kilometers to individual points, such as weather station locations. Since water resources and other models used to simulate climate impacts are sensitive to biases in input meteorology, there is a motivation to apply bias correction at a scale fine enough that the downscaled data closely resemble historically observed data, though past work has identified undesirable consequences to applying quantile mapping at too fine a scale. This study explores the role of the spatial scale at which the quantile-mapping bias correction is applied, in the context of estimating high and low daily streamflows across the western United States. We vary the spatial scale at which quantile-mapping bias correction is performed from 2 degrees (similar to 200 km) to 1/8 degrees (similar to 12 km) within a statistical downscaling procedure, and use the downscaled daily precipitation and temperature to drive a hydrology model. We find that little additional benefit is obtained, and some skill is degraded, when using quantile mapping at scales finer than approximately 0.5 degrees (similar to 50 km). This can provide guidance to those applying the quantile-mapping bias correction method for hydrologic impacts analysis.
C1 [Maurer, E. P.] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA.
[Ficklin, D. L.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Wang, W.] Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Dept Sci & Environm Policy, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Wang, W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Maurer, EP (reprint author), Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA.
EM emaurer@engr.scu.edu
RI Maurer, Edwin/C-7190-2009
OI Maurer, Edwin/0000-0001-7134-487X
FU NASA Earth Exchange (NEX) at NASA Ames Research Center; Bay Area
Environmental Research Institute
FX This work was supported by NASA Earth Exchange (NEX,
https://nex.nasa.gov/) at NASA Ames Research Center and the Bay Area
Environmental Research Institute.
NR 60
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1027-5606
EI 1607-7938
J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC
JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.
PY 2016
VL 20
IS 2
BP 685
EP 696
DI 10.5194/hess-20-685-2016
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA DO3RB
UT WOS:000377697600008
ER
PT J
AU Michel, D
Jimenez, C
Miralles, DG
Jung, M
Hirschi, M
Ershadi, A
Martens, B
McCabe, MF
Fisher, JB
Mu, Q
Seneviratne, SI
Wood, EF
Fernandez-Prieto, D
AF Michel, D.
Jimenez, C.
Miralles, D. G.
Jung, M.
Hirschi, M.
Ershadi, A.
Martens, B.
McCabe, M. F.
Fisher, J. B.
Mu, Q.
Seneviratne, S. I.
Wood, E. F.
Fernandez-Prieto, D.
TI The WACMOS-ET project - Part 1: Tower-scale evaluation of four
remote-sensing-based evapotranspiration algorithms
SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE-ENERGY-BALANCE; ERA-INTERIM REANALYSIS; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION;
SOIL-MOISTURE; SYSTEM SEBS; HEAT-FLUX; DATA SET; EVAPORATION; PRODUCTS;
MICROWAVE
AB The WAter Cycle Multi-mission Observation Strategy - EvapoTranspiration (WACMOS-ET) project has compiled a forcing data set covering the period 2005-2007 that aims to maximize the exploitation of European Earth Observations data sets for evapotranspiration (ET) estimation. The data set was used to run four established ET algorithms: the Priestley-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory model (PT-JPL), the Penman-Monteith algorithm from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) evaporation product (PM-MOD), the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) and the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM). In addition, in situ meteorological data from 24 FLUXNET towers were used to force the models, with results from both forcing sets compared to tower-based flux observations. Model performance was assessed on several timescales using both sub-daily and daily forcings. The PT-JPL model and GLEAM provide the best performance for both satellite-and tower-based forcing as well as for the considered temporal resolutions. Simulations using the PM-MOD were mostly underestimated, while the SEBS performance was characterized by a systematic overestimation. In general, all four algorithms produce the best results in wet and moderately wet climate regimes. In dry regimes, the correlation and the absolute agreement with the reference tower ET observations were consistently lower. While ET derived with in situ forcing data agrees best with the tower measurements (R-2 = 0.67), the agreement of the satellite-based ET estimates is only marginally lower (R-2 = 0.58). Results also show similar model performance at daily and sub-daily (3-hourly) resolutions. Overall, our validation experiments against in situ measurements indicate that there is no single best-performing algorithm across all biome and forcing types. An extension of the evaluation to a larger selection of 85 towers (model inputs resampled to a common grid to facilitate global estimates) confirmed the original findings.
C1 [Michel, D.; Hirschi, M.; Seneviratne, S. I.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Jimenez, C.] Estellus, Paris, France.
[Jimenez, C.] Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France.
[Miralles, D. G.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Miralles, D. G.; Martens, B.] Univ Ghent, Lab Hydrol & Water Management, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
[Jung, M.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
[Ershadi, A.; McCabe, M. F.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Biol & Environm Sci & Engn, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
[Fisher, J. B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Mu, Q.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Wood, E. F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Fernandez-Prieto, D.] European Space Agcy, ESRIN, Frascati, Italy.
RP Michel, D (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
EM dominik.michel@env.ethz.ch
RI Miralles, Diego/K-8857-2013; Seneviratne, Sonia/G-8761-2011;
OI Miralles, Diego/0000-0001-6186-5751; Seneviratne,
Sonia/0000-0001-9528-2917; Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085; Martens,
Brecht/0000-0002-7368-7953
FU European Space Agency (ESA) [4000106711/12/I-NB]; Netherlands
Organization for Scientific Research [863.14.004]; Belgian Science
Policy Office (BELSPO) [SAT-EX (SR/00/306)]; King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology; Terrestrial Carbon Program [DE-FG02-04ER63917,
DE-FG02-04ER63911]; CFCAS; NSERC; BIOCAP; Environment Canada; NRCan;
project WACMOS-ET [4000106711/12/I-NB]
FX This study was funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) and conducted
as part of the project WACMOS-ET (Contract no. 4000106711/12/I-NB). D.
G. Miralles acknowledges the financial support from the Netherlands
Organization for Scientific Research through grant 863.14.004 and the
Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) in the framework of the STEREO
III programme, project SAT-EX (SR/00/306). M. F. McCabe and A. Ershadi
acknowledge the support of the King Abdullah University of Science and
Technology. The SEBS team is acknowledged for facilitating discussions
concerning the implementation of their model. This work used
eddy-covariance data acquired by the FLUXNET community and in particular
by the following networks: AmeriFlux (US Department of Energy,
Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program,
DE-FG02-04ER63917 and DE-FG02-04ER63911), AfriFlux, AsiaFlux,
CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, ChinaFlux,
Fluxnet-Canada (supported by CFCAS, NSERC, BIOCAP, Environment Canada
and NRCan), GreenGrass, KoFlux, LBA, NECC, OzFlux, TCOS-Siberia and
USCCC. Data and logistical support for the station US-Wrc were provided
by the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. All
WACMOS-ET forcing data and ET estimates are publicly available and can
be requested through the project website (http://wacmoset.estellus.eu).
NR 61
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U2 14
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1027-5606
EI 1607-7938
J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC
JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.
PY 2016
VL 20
IS 2
BP 803
EP 822
DI 10.5194/hess-20-803-2016
PG 20
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA DO3RB
UT WOS:000377697600015
ER
PT J
AU Miralles, DG
Jimenez, C
Jung, M
Michel, D
Ershadi, A
McCabe, MF
Hirschi, M
Martens, B
Dolman, AJ
Fisher, JB
Mu, Q
Seneviratne, SI
Wood, EF
Fernandez-Prieto, D
AF Miralles, D. G.
Jimenez, C.
Jung, M.
Michel, D.
Ershadi, A.
McCabe, M. F.
Hirschi, M.
Martens, B.
Dolman, A. J.
Fisher, J. B.
Mu, Q.
Seneviratne, S. I.
Wood, E. F.
Fernandez-Prieto, D.
TI The WACMOS-ET project - Part 2: Evaluation of global terrestrial
evaporation data sets
SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; LAND-SURFACE EVAPORATION; WATER-RESOURCES;
SOIL-MOISTURE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ALGORITHM; SPATIAL VARIABILITY;
ENERGY-BALANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERCEPTION; MODEL
AB The WAter Cycle Multi-mission Observation Strategy - EvapoTranspiration (WACMOS-ET) project aims to advance the development of land evaporation estimates on global and regional scales. Its main objective is the derivation, validation, and intercomparison of a group of existing evaporation retrieval algorithms driven by a common forcing data set. Three commonly used process-based evaporation methodologies are evaluated: the Penman-Monteith algorithm behind the official Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) evaporation product (PM-MOD), the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM), and the Priestley-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory model (PT-JPL). The resulting global spatiotemporal variability of evaporation, the closure of regional water budgets, and the discrete estimation of land evaporation components or sources (i.e. transpiration, interception loss, and direct soil evaporation) are investigated using river discharge data, independent global evaporation data sets and results from previous studies. In a companion article (Part 1), Michel et al. (2016) inspect the performance of these three models at local scales using measurements from eddy-covariance towers and include in the assessment the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) model. In agreement with Part 1, our results indicate that the Priestley and Taylor products (PT-JPL and GLEAM) perform best overall for most ecosystems and climate regimes. While all three evaporation products adequately represent the expected average geographical patterns and seasonality, there is a tendency in PM-MOD to underestimate the flux in the tropics and subtropics. Overall, results from GLEAM and PT-JPL appear more realistic when compared to surface water balances from 837 globally distributed catchments and to separate evaporation estimates from ERA-Interim and the model tree ensemble (MTE). Nonetheless, all products show large dissimilarities during conditions of water stress and drought and deficiencies in the way evaporation is partitioned into its different components. This observed inter-product variability, even when common forcing is used, suggests that caution is necessary in applying a single data set for large-scale studies in isolation. A general finding that different models perform better under different conditions highlights the potential for considering biome- or climate-specific composites of models. Nevertheless, the generation of a multi-product ensemble, with weighting based on validation analyses and uncertainty assessments, is proposed as the best way forward in our long-term goal to develop a robust observational benchmark data set of continental evaporation.
C1 [Miralles, D. G.; Dolman, A. J.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Miralles, D. G.; Martens, B.] Univ Ghent, Lab Hydrol & Water Management, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
[Jimenez, C.] Estellus, Paris, France.
[Jung, M.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
[Michel, D.; Hirschi, M.; Seneviratne, S. I.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Ershadi, A.; McCabe, M. F.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Biol & Environm Sci & Engn, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
[Fisher, J. B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Mu, Q.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Wood, E. F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Fernandez-Prieto, D.] European Space Agcy, ESRIN, Frascati, Italy.
RP Miralles, DG (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Miralles, DG (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Lab Hydrol & Water Management, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
EM diego.miralles@vu.nl
RI Seneviratne, Sonia/G-8761-2011; Miralles, Diego/K-8857-2013;
OI Seneviratne, Sonia/0000-0001-9528-2917; Miralles,
Diego/0000-0001-6186-5751; Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085; Martens,
Brecht/0000-0002-7368-7953; Dolman, A.J./0000-0003-0099-0457
FU European Space Agency (ESA) project WACMOS-ET [4000106711/12/I-NB];
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [863.14.004]; Belgian
Science Policy Office (BELSPO); King Abdullah University of Science and
Technology; NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program; project SAT-EX
[SR/00/306]
FX This work was undertaken as part of the European Space Agency (ESA)
project WACMOS-ET (Contract No. 4000106711/12/I-NB). Discharge data were
provided by the Global Runoff Data Centre, 56068 Koblenz, Germany. We
thank Ulrich Weber and Eric Thomas for processing the catchment data. D.
G. Miralles acknowledges the financial support from The Netherlands
Organization for Scientific Research through grant 863.14.004, and the
Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) in the framework of the STEREO
III programme, project SAT-EX (SR/00/306). A. Ershadi and M. F. McCabe
acknowledge funding from the King Abdullah University of Science and
Technology. J. B. Fisher acknowledges funding under the NASA Terrestrial
Hydrology Program.
NR 93
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 12
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1027-5606
EI 1607-7938
J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC
JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.
PY 2016
VL 20
IS 2
BP 823
EP 842
DI 10.5194/hess-20-823-2016
PG 20
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA DO3RB
UT WOS:000377697600016
ER
PT J
AU Blundell, R
Mehdi, I
AF Blundell, Raymond
Mehdi, Imran
TI Introduction to the Mini-Special-Issue on the 26th International
Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology (ISSTT)
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Blundell, Raymond] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Mehdi, Imran] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Blundell, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 2156-342X
J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN
JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol.
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 6
IS 1
SI SI
BP 113
EP 114
DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2507759
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA DO3LB
UT WOS:000377682000015
ER
PT J
AU Reck, T
Zemora, A
Schlecht, E
Dengler, R
Deal, W
Chattopadhyay, G
AF Reck, Theodore
Zemora, Alex
Schlecht, Erich
Dengler, Robert
Deal, William
Chattopadhyay, Goutam
TI A 230 GHz MMIC-Based Sideband Separating Receiver
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 26th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology (ISSTT)
CY MAR 16-18, 2015
CL Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA
SP Harvard Coll Observ
HO Smithsonian Astrophys Observ
DE InP HEMT; MMIC; sideband-separating receiver
AB A 230 GHz MMIC-based, cryogenically cooled sideband-separating receiver is presented. Utilizing 30 nm InP HEMT MMICs for the front-end LNA and mixers, the system is cooled to 27 K and operates from 200 GHz to 260 GHz. The system is measured in a cryostat that couples the hot, cold and test signal to the DUT without passing through an optical window, reducing losses in the optical path. An average single-sideband (SSB) noise temperature of 92 K is measured across the band. Sideband rejection ratios are between 10 and 15 dB.
C1 [Reck, Theodore; Schlecht, Erich; Dengler, Robert; Chattopadhyay, Goutam] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Zemora, Alex; Deal, William] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
RP Reck, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Theodore.reck@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 2156-342X
J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN
JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol.
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 6
IS 1
SI SI
BP 141
EP 147
DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2506552
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA DO3LB
UT WOS:000377682000020
ER
PT J
AU Treuttel, J
Gatilova, L
Maestrini, A
Moro-Melgar, D
Yang, F
Tamazouzt, F
Vacelet, T
Jin, Y
Cavanna, A
Mateos, J
Feret, A
Chaumont, C
Goldstein, C
AF Treuttel, J.
Gatilova, L.
Maestrini, A.
Moro-Melgar, D.
Yang, F.
Tamazouzt, F.
Vacelet, T.
Jin, Y.
Cavanna, A.
Mateos, J.
Feret, A.
Chaumont, C.
Goldstein, C.
TI A 520-620-GHz Schottky Receiver Front-End for Planetary Science and
Remote Sensing With 1070 K-1500 K DSB Noise Temperature at Room
Temperature
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 26th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology (ISSTT)
CY MAR 16-18, 2015
CL Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA
SP Harvard Coll Observ
HO Smithsonian Astrophys Observ
DE Beamlead; JUpiter ICy Moon Explorer; membrane; receiver noise
temperature; Schottky; sub-harmonic mixer; submillimeter wave
instrument; Y factor; 600 GHz
ID MIXER
AB A state-of-the-art 520-620-GHz receiver front end working at room temperature was designed, built, and measured. The receiver front-end features a GaAs-Schottky diode-based subharmonic mixer and a 260-307-GHz doubler, both fabricated with the new LERMA-LPN Schottky process on a 4-mu m-thick GaAs membrane suspended in a waveguide with metal beamleads. Small-area mesas and optimized transmission lines with low dielectric loading are used. At 295 K ambient temperature, an average of 1284 K DSB receiver noise temperature was measured over the 520-620-GHz frequency range, including the 3.5-8.5-GHz IF chain loss. A record 1130 K minimum DSB receiver noise temperature at 557 GHz was measured. At 134 K ambient temperature, an average DSB receiver noise temperature of 685 K from 538 to 600 GHz was measured when correcting for the cryostat window loss. A minimum DSB receiver noise of 585 K was measured at an RF center frequency of 540 GHz. The 520-620-GHz receiver presented in this article allows an increase in the sensitivity of the JUpiter ICy Moons Explrorer-SWI instrument of about a factor of two compared with requirements. It will allow study of the Jovian system with particular emphasis on the chemistry, meteorology, structure, and atmospheric coupling processes of Jupiter and its icy satellites, thereby providing important data for the exploration of their habitable zones.
C1 [Treuttel, J.; Gatilova, L.] Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France.
[Treuttel, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Gatilova, L.; Jin, Y.; Cavanna, A.] CNRS, LPN, F-91460 Marcoussis, France.
[Maestrini, A.; Moro-Melgar, D.; Tamazouzt, F.; Vacelet, T.; Feret, A.; Chaumont, C.] Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France.
[Maestrini, A.] Univ Paris 06, F-75006 Paris, France.
[Yang, F.] State Key Lab, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Mateos, J.] Univ Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain.
[Goldstein, C.] CNES, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
RP Treuttel, J (reprint author), Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France.
EM jeanne.treuttel@obspm.fr
RI Mateos, Javier/A-6674-2008
OI Mateos, Javier/0000-0003-4041-7145
NR 14
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 4
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 2156-342X
J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN
JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol.
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 6
IS 1
SI SI
BP 148
EP 155
DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2496421
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA DO3LB
UT WOS:000377682000021
ER
PT J
AU Kelley, MSP
Woodward, CE
Bodewits, D
Farnham, TL
Gudipati, MS
Harker, DE
Hines, DC
Knight, MM
Kolokolova, L
Li, AG
de Pater, I
Protopapa, S
Russell, RW
Sitko, ML
Wooden, DH
AF Kelley, Michael S. P.
Woodward, Charles E.
Bodewits, Dennis
Farnham, Tony L.
Gudipati, Murthy S.
Harker, David E.
Hines, Dean C.
Knight, Matthew M.
Kolokolova, Ludmilla
Li, Aigen
de Pater, Imke
Protopapa, Silvia
Russell, Ray W.
Sitko, Michael L.
Wooden, Diane H.
TI Cometary Science with the James Webb Space Telescope
SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC
LA English
DT Article
DE comets: general; methods: observational
ID C/2012 S1 ISON; HALLEY MONITORING PROGRAM; NARROW-BAND PHOTOMETRY;
JET-LIKE FEATURES; R2 LA SAGRA; WATER ICE; DEEP IMPACT; 2060 CHIRON;
103P/HARTLEY 2; HALE-BOPP
AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as the largest space-based astronomical observatory with near-and mid-infrared instrumentation, will elucidate many mysterious aspects of comets. We summarize four cometary science themes especially suited for this telescope and its instrumentation: the drivers of cometary activity, comet nucleus heterogeneity, water ice in comae and on surfaces, and activity in faint comets and main belt asteroids. With JWST, we can expect the most distant detections of gas, especially CO2, in what we now consider to be only moderately bright comets. For nearby comets, coma dust properties can be simultaneously studied with their driving gases, measured simultaneously with the same instrument or contemporaneously with another. Studies of water ice and gas in the distant Solar System will help us test our understanding of cometary interiors, and coma evolution. The question of cometary activity in main belt comets will be further explored with the possibility of a direct detection of coma gas. We explore the technical approaches to these science cases and provide simple tools for estimating comet dust and gas brightness. Finally, we consider the effects of the observatory's non-sidereal tracking limits and provide a list of potential comet targets during the first five years of the mission.
C1 [Kelley, Michael S. P.; Bodewits, Dennis; Farnham, Tony L.; Kolokolova, Ludmilla; Protopapa, Silvia] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Woodward, Charles E.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Gudipati, Murthy S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, Mail Stop 18-301,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Gudipati, Murthy S.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Harker, David E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Hines, Dean C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Knight, Matthew M.] Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Li, Aigen] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[de Pater, Imke] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Russell, Ray W.] Aerosp Corp, POB 92957, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA.
[Sitko, Michael L.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Sitko, Michael L.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
[Wooden, Diane H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Kelley, MSP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RI Gudipati, Murthy/F-7575-2011
FU NASA (USA) [NNX13AH67G]; NASA [NNX13AJ11G]; Independent Research and
Development program
FX The authors thank an anonymous referee for their insightful critique
that improved the manuscript. M.S.P.K. acknowledges support for this
work from NASA (USA) grant NNX13AH67G, and C.E.W. acknowledges partial
support from NASA grant NNX13AJ11G. This work is supported at The
Aerospace Corporation by the Independent Research and Development
program.
NR 106
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 7
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0004-6280
EI 1538-3873
J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC
JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac.
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 128
IS 959
AR 018009
DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018009
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA DO1JL
UT WOS:000377534200010
ER
PT J
AU Keszthelyi, L
Grundy, W
Stansberry, J
Sivaramakrishnan, A
Thatte, D
Gudipati, M
Tsang, C
Greenbaum, A
McGruder, C
AF Keszthelyi, Laszlo
Grundy, Will
Stansberry, John
Sivaramakrishnan, Anand
Thatte, Deepashri
Gudipati, Murthy
Tsang, Constantine
Greenbaum, Alexandra
McGruder, Chima
TI Observing Outer Planet Satellites (Except Titan) with the James Webb
Space Telescope: Science Justification and Observational Requirements
SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC
LA English
DT Article
DE methods: observational; planets and satellites: composition; planets and
satellites: surfaces; space vehicles: instruments
ID VOLCANISM; IO; DISCOVERY; EVOLUTION; PHOEBE
AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will allow observations with a unique combination of spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution for the study of outer planet satellites within our Solar System. We highlight the infrared spectroscopy of icy moons and temporal changes on geologically active satellites as two particularly valuable avenues of scientific inquiry. While some care must be taken to avoid saturation issues, JWST has observation modes that should provide excellent infrared data for such studies.
C1 [Keszthelyi, Laszlo] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Grundy, Will] Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Stansberry, John; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand; Thatte, Deepashri] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Gudipati, Murthy] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Tsang, Constantine] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, 1050 Walnut St,Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
[Greenbaum, Alexandra] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[McGruder, Chima] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, 1408 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Keszthelyi, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
EM laz@usgs.gov; grundy@lowell.edu; jstans@stsci.edu; anand@stsci.edu;
thatte@stsci.edu; gudipati@jpl.nasa.gov; con@boulder.swri.edu;
agreenba@pha.jhu.edu; cmcgrud1@vols.utk.edu
RI Gudipati, Murthy/F-7575-2011;
OI Greenbaum, Alexandra/0000-0002-7162-8036
FU NASA [NNX11AF74G]; NSF [DGE- 123825]; National Astronomy Consortium
FX A. Sivaramakrishnan is supported via NASA grant NNX11AF74G, as is A.
Greenbaum, who also receives support through NSF Graduate Research
Fellowship DGE- 123825. C. McGruder received support through the
National Astronomy Consortium.
NR 32
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 4
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0004-6280
EI 1538-3873
J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC
JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac.
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 128
IS 959
AR 018006
DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018006
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA DO1JL
UT WOS:000377534200007
ER
PT J
AU Milam, SN
Stansberry, JA
Sonneborn, G
Thomas, C
AF Milam, Stefanie N.
Stansberry, John A.
Sonneborn, George
Thomas, Cristina
TI The James Webb Space Telescope's Plan for Operations and Instrument
Capabilities for Observations in the Solar System
SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC
LA English
DT Article
DE infrared: planetary systems; Kuiper belt: general; planets and
satellites: general; techniques: imaging spectroscopy; telescopes
AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is optimized for observations in the near-and mid-infrared and will provide essential observations for targets that cannot be conducted from the ground or other missions during its lifetime. The state-of-the-art science instruments, along with the telescope's moving target tracking, will enable the infrared study, with unprecedented detail, for nearly every object (Mars and beyond) in the Solar System. The goals of this special issue are to stimulate discussion and encourage participation in JWST planning among members of the planetary science community. Key science goals for various targets, observing capabilities for JWST, and highlights for the complementary nature with other missions/observatories are described in this paper.
C1 [Milam, Stefanie N.; Sonneborn, George; Thomas, Cristina] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Stansberry, John A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Thomas, Cristina] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Thomas, Cristina] Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 East Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
RP Milam, SN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM stefanie.n.milam@nasa.gov; jstans@stsci.edu;
george.sonneborn-1@nasa.gov; cristina.a.thomas@nasa.gov
NR 22
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 2
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0004-6280
EI 1538-3873
J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC
JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac.
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 128
IS 959
AR 018001
DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018001
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA DO1JL
UT WOS:000377534200002
ER
PT J
AU Nixon, CA
Achterberg, RK
Adamkovics, M
Bezard, B
Bjoraker, GL
Cornet, T
Hayes, AG
Lellouch, E
Lemmon, MT
Lopez-Puertas, M
Rodriguez, S
Sotin, C
Teanby, NA
Turtle, EP
West, RA
AF Nixon, Conor A.
Achterberg, Richard K.
Adamkovics, Mate
Bezard, Bruno
Bjoraker, Gordon L.
Cornet, Thomas
Hayes, Alexander G.
Lellouch, Emmanuel
Lemmon, Mark T.
Lopez-Puertas, Manuel
Rodriguez, Sebastien
Sotin, Christophe
Teanby, Nicholas A.
Turtle, Elizabeth P.
West, Robert A.
TI Titan Science with the James Webb Space Telescope
SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC
LA English
DT Article
DE infrared: planetary system; plants and satellites: individual (Titan);
telescopes
ID COMPOSITE INFRARED SPECTROMETER; CM(-1) SPECTRAL RANGE; 3 MU-M;
UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; CASSINI/CIRS OBSERVATIONS; ISOTOPIC-RATIOS; SURFACE
TEMPERATURES; TROPOSPHERIC CLOUDS; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; VIMS
OBSERVATIONS
AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), scheduled for launch in 2018, is the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) but with a significantly larger aperture (6.5 m) and advanced instrumentation focusing on infrared science (0.6-28.0 mu m). In this paper, we examine the potential for scientific investigation of Titan using JWST, primarily with three of the four instruments: NIRSpec, NIRCam, and MIRI, noting that science with NIRISS will be complementary. Five core scientific themes are identified: (1) surface (2) tropospheric clouds (3) tropospheric gases (4) stratospheric composition, and (5) stratospheric hazes. We discuss each theme in depth, including the scientific purpose, capabilities, and limitations of the instrument suite and suggested observing schemes. We pay particular attention to saturation, which is a problem for all three instruments, but may be alleviated for NIRCam through use of selecting small sub-arrays of the detectors-sufficient to encompass Titan, but with significantly faster readout times. We find that JWST has very significant potential for advancing Titan science, with a spectral resolution exceeding the Cassini instrument suite at near-infrared wavelengths and a spatial resolution exceeding HST at the same wavelengths. In particular, JWST will be valuable for time-domain monitoring of Titan, given a five-to ten-year expected lifetime for the observatory, for example, monitoring the seasonal appearance of clouds. JWST observations in the post-Cassini period will complement those of other large facilities such as HST, ALMA, SOFIA, and next-generation ground-based telescopes (TMT, GMT, EELT).
C1 [Nixon, Conor A.; Achterberg, Richard K.; Bjoraker, Gordon L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Achterberg, Richard K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Adamkovics, Mate] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Bezard, Bruno; Lellouch, Emmanuel] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS, PSL Res Univ,Univ Paris Diderot,Observ Paris,LESI, F-92195 Meudon, France.
[Cornet, Thomas] ESA ESAC, POB 78, E-28691 Madrid, Spain.
[Hayes, Alexander G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Agron, Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Lemmon, Mark T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Lopez-Puertas, Manuel] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Glorieta Astronom S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain.
[Rodriguez, Sebastien] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, CNRS UMR 7158, Lab Astrophys Instrumentat & Modelisat AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Sotin, Christophe; West, Robert A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Teanby, Nicholas A.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Wills Mem Bldg,Queens Rd, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England.
[Turtle, Elizabeth P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
RP Nixon, CA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM conor.a.nixon@nasa.gov
RI Nixon, Conor/A-8531-2009; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016; Cornet,
Thomas/E-7539-2017;
OI Nixon, Conor/0000-0001-9540-9121; Rodriguez,
Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641; Cornet, Thomas/0000-0001-5971-0056;
Lopez-Puertas, Manuel/0000-0003-2941-7734
FU UK Science and Technology Facilities Council; UK Space Agency; French
"Agence Nationale de la Recherche" (ANR), France [11BS56002]; ESA
Research Fellowship Programme in Space Science; Spanish MCINN
[AYA2011-23552, ESP2014-54362-P]; NASA [NNX14AG82G, NNX12AM81G]
FX The authors wish to express their thanks to Stefanie Milam, Dean Hines,
and John Stansberry of the Solar System Working Group (SSWG), and Pierre
Ferruit (ESA/NIRSpec) for answering technical questions and giving
helpful feedback during the writing of this paper. Don Jennings supplied
the CIRS Titan spectrum (Figure 15). A. Adriani, M. L. Moriconi, and B.
M. Dinelli assisted by supplying the Cassini VIMS limb data in Figures
18 and 19. N.A.T. is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities
Council and the UK Space Agency. S.R. acknowledges financial support
from the French "Agence Nationale de la Recherche" (ANR Project:
CH4@Titan and ANR project "APOSTIC" #11BS56002), France. T.C.
is funded by the ESA Research Fellowship Programme in Space Science.
M.L.-P. was supported by the Spanish MCINN under grants AYA2011-23552
and ESP2014-54362-P. M.A. was supported by NASA grants NNX14AG82G and
NNX12AM81G. The authors are grateful to one anonymous reviewer for very
helpful comments and feedback.
NR 87
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EI 1538-3873
J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC
JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac.
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 128
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AR UNSP 018007
DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018007
PG 23
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA DO1JL
UT WOS:000377534200008
ER
PT J
AU Norwood, J
Moses, J
Fletcher, LN
Orton, G
Irwin, PGJ
Atreya, S
Rages, K
Cavalie, T
Sanchez-Lavega, A
Hueso, R
Chanover, N
AF Norwood, James
Moses, Julianne
Fletcher, Leigh N.
Orton, Glenn
Irwin, Patrick G. J.
Atreya, Sushil
Rages, Kathy
Cavalie, Thibault
Sanchez-Lavega, Agustin
Hueso, Ricardo
Chanover, Nancy
TI Giant Planet Observations with the James Webb Space Telescope
SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC
LA English
DT Article
DE planets and satellites: gaseous planets; techniques: miscellaneous;
telescopes
ID SATURNS GREAT STORM; ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION; NEPTUNES STRATOSPHERE;
GENERAL-CIRCULATION; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; URANUS; SPECTROSCOPY; METHANE;
CO; WAVELENGTH
AB This white paper examines the benefit of the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) for studies of the Solar System's four giant planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. JWST's superior sensitivity, combined with high spatial and spectral resolution, will enable near-and mid-infrared imaging and spectroscopy of these objects with unprecedented quality. In this paper, we discuss some of the myriad scientific investigations possible with JWST regarding the giant planets. This discussion is preceded by the specifics of JWST instrumentation most relevant to giant-planet observations. We conclude with identification of desired pre-launch testing and operational aspects of JWST that would greatly benefit future studies of the giant planets.
C1 [Norwood, James; Chanover, Nancy] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Box 30001 MSC 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
[Moses, Julianne] Space Sci Inst, 4750 Walnut St,Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Fletcher, Leigh N.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
[Orton, Glenn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 183-501, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Irwin, Patrick G. J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
[Atreya, Sushil] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Rages, Kathy] SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
[Cavalie, Thibault] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris, LESIA,UPMC, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France.
[Sanchez-Lavega, Agustin; Hueso, Ricardo] Univ Basque Country, Fis Aplicada 1, ETS Ingn, EHU, Alameda Urquijo S-N, Bilbao 48013, Spain.
RP Norwood, J (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Box 30001 MSC 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
EM jnorwood@nmsu.edu; jmoses@spacescience.org; leigh.fletcher@le.ac.uk;
Glenn.S.Orton@jpl.nasa.gov; patrick.irwin@physics.ox.ac.uk;
atreya@umich.edu; krages@seti.org; thibault.cavalie@obspm.fr;
ricardo.hueso@ehu.es; nchanove@nmsu.edu
RI Moses, Julianne/I-2151-2013;
OI Moses, Julianne/0000-0002-8837-0035; Hueso, Ricardo/0000-0003-0169-123X
NR 46
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EI 1538-3873
J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC
JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac.
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 128
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AR 018005
DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018005
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA DO1JL
UT WOS:000377534200006
ER
PT J
AU Rivkin, AS
Marchis, F
Stansberry, JA
Takir, D
Thomas, C
AF Rivkin, Andrew S.
Marchis, Franck
Stansberry, John A.
Takir, Driss
Thomas, Cristina
CA JWST Asteroids Focus Grp
TI Asteroids and the James Webb Space Telescope
SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC
LA English
DT Article
DE minor planets, asteroids: general
ID TROJAN ASTEROIDS; 2 PALLAS; 4 VESTA; BELT; IMAGES; ORIGIN; SHAPE
AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) provides the opportunity for ground-breaking observations of asteroids. It covers wavelength regions that are unavailable from the ground and does so with unprecedented sensitivity. The main belt and Trojan asteroids are all observable at some point in the JWST lifetime. We present an overview of the capabilities for JWST and how they apply to the asteroids as well as some short science cases that take advantage of these capabilities.
C1 [Rivkin, Andrew S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11101 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Marchis, Franck] SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
[Stansberry, John A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Takir, Driss] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Thomas, Cristina] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Thomas, Cristina] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Postdoctoral Program, POB 117,MS 36, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Thomas, Cristina] Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 East Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
RP Rivkin, AS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11101 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
EM andy.rivkin@jhuapl.edu; fmarchis@seti.org; jstans@stsci.edu;
dtakir@usgs.gov; cristina.a.thomas@nasa.gov
FU NASA Planetary Astronomy Grant [NNX14AJ39G]; NSF Planetary Astronomy
Award [1313144]
FX A.S.R. would like to acknowledge support from NASA Planetary Astronomy
Grant NNX14AJ39G and NSF Planetary Astronomy Award 1313144. The authors
would like to thank members of the JWST Project at NASA Goddard and
staff members at STScI for information and review of this manuscript.
NR 23
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J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC
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PD JAN
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VL 128
IS 959
AR 018003
DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018003
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA DO1JL
UT WOS:000377534200004
ER
PT J
AU Santos-Sanz, P
French, RG
Pinilla-Alonso, N
Stansberry, J
Lin, ZY
Zhang, ZW
Vilenius, E
Muller, T
Ortiz, JL
Braga-Ribas, F
Bosh, A
Duffard, R
Lellouch, E
Tancredi, G
Young, L
Milam, SN
AF Santos-Sanz, P.
French, R. G.
Pinilla-Alonso, N.
Stansberry, J.
Lin, Z-Y.
Zhang, Z-W.
Vilenius, E.
Mueller, Th.
Ortiz, J. L.
Braga-Ribas, F.
Bosh, A.
Duffard, R.
Lellouch, E.
Tancredi, G.
Young, L.
Milam, Stefanie N.
CA JWST Occultations Focus Grp
TI James Webb Space Telescope Observations of Stellar Occultations by Solar
System Bodies and Rings
SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC
LA English
DT Article
DE Kuiper belt: general; methods: observational; occultations; planets and
satellites: rings; techniques: photometric; telescopes
ID KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; TRANS-NEPTUNIAN BELT; ICE RICH SURFACE; SIZE
DISTRIBUTION; HERSCHEL-PACS; COLLISIONAL EVOLUTION; VISIBLE
SPECTROSCOPY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; PLUTO; TNOS
AB In this paper, we investigate the opportunities provided by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) for significant scientific advances in the study of Solar System bodies and rings using stellar occultations. The strengths and weaknesses of the stellar occultation technique are evaluated in light of JWST's unique capabilities. We identify several possible JWST occultation events by minor bodies and rings and evaluate their potential scientific value. These predictions depend critically on accurate a priori knowledge of the orbit of JWST near the Sun-Earth Lagrange point 2 (L2). We also explore the possibility of serendipitous stellar occultations by very small minor bodies as a byproduct of other JWST observing programs. Finally, to optimize the potential scientific return of stellar occultation observations, we identify several characteristics of JWST's orbit and instrumentation that should be taken into account during JWST's development.
C1 [Santos-Sanz, P.; Ortiz, J. L.; Duffard, R.] CSIC, IAA, Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain.
[French, R. G.] Wellesley Coll, Dept Astron, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA.
[Pinilla-Alonso, N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Stansberry, J.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Lin, Z-Y.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
[Zhang, Z-W.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
[Vilenius, E.; Mueller, Th.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
[Vilenius, E.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Gottingen, Germany.
[Braga-Ribas, F.] Fed Univ Technol Parana UTFPR DAFIS, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
[Bosh, A.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA.
[Lellouch, E.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot,LESIA, Meudon, France.
[Tancredi, G.] Fac Ciencias, Dept Astron, Montevideo, Uruguay.
[Young, L.] SwRI, 1050 Walnut St, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
[Milam, Stefanie N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Santos-Sanz, P (reprint author), CSIC, IAA, Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain.
EM psantos@iaa.es; rfrench@wellesley.edu; npinilla@utk.edu;
jstans@stsci.edu; zylin@gm.astro.ncu.edu.tw;
zwzhang@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; vilenius@mps.mpg.de; tmueller@mpe.mpg.de;
ortiz@iaa.es; ribas@on.br; asbosh@mit.edu; duffard@iaa.es;
emmanuel.lellouch@obspm.fr; gonzalo@fisica.edu.uy;
layoung@boulder.swri.edu; stefanie.n.milam@nasa.gov
FU Spanish grant [AYA-2014-56637-C2-1-P]; Proyecto de Excelencia de la
Junta de Andalucia [2012-FQM1776]; Ministry of Science and Technology of
Taiwan [NSC 102-2112-M-008-013-MY3]; MINECO
FX We acknowledge the technical support and advice for this work from the
JWST project. P.S-S., J.L.O., and R.D acknowledge the funding from the
Spanish grant AYA-2014-56637-C2-1-P and from the Proyecto de Excelencia
de la Junta de Andalucia 2012-FQM1776. FEDER funds are also
acknowledged. Z-Y.L. acknowledges the support by grant number NSC
102-2112-M-008-013-MY3 from the Ministry of Science and Technology of
Taiwan. R.D. acknowledges the support of MINECO for his Ramon y Cajal
Contract. Finally, we thank an anonymous referee for helpful suggestions
and comments that improved the final manuscript.
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PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 128
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DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018011
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA DO1JL
UT WOS:000377534200012
ER
PT J
AU Thomas, CA
Abell, P
Castillo-Rogez, J
Moskovitz, N
Mueller, M
Reddy, V
Rivkin, A
Ryan, E
Stansberry, J
AF Thomas, Cristina A.
Abell, Paul
Castillo-Rogez, Julie
Moskovitz, Nicholas
Mueller, Michael
Reddy, Vishnu
Rivkin, Andrew
Ryan, Erin
Stansberry, John
TI Observing Near-Earth Objects with the James Webb Space Telescope
SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC
LA English
DT Article
DE minor planets, asteroids: general; telescopes
ID ASTEROIDS; ALBEDO
AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has the potential to enhance our understanding of near-Earth objects (NEOs). We present results of investigations into the observability of NEOs given the nominal observing requirements of JWST on elongation (85 degrees-135 degrees) and non-sidereal rates (<30 mas s(-1)). We find that approximately 75% of NEOs can be observed in a given year. However, observers will need to wait for appropriate observing windows. We find that JWST can easily execute photometric observations of meter-sized NEOs that will enhance our understanding of the small NEO population.
C1 [Thomas, Cristina A.; Ryan, Erin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Thomas, Cristina A.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA.
[Thomas, Cristina A.; Reddy, Vishnu] Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 East Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Abell, Paul] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Castillo-Rogez, Julie] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91011 USA.
[Moskovitz, Nicholas] Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Mueller, Michael] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, Postbus 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands.
[Mueller, Michael] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Astrophys Res Grp, Postbus 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands.
[Rivkin, Andrew] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Ryan, Erin] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Stansberry, John] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Thomas, CA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Thomas, CA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA.; Thomas, CA (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 East Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
EM cristina.a.thomas@nasa.gov
OI Mueller, Michael/0000-0003-3217-5385
FU NASA
FX C.A. Thomas was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral
Program at Goddard Space Flight Center, administrated by Oak Ridge
Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The authors would
like to thank the JWST project for their technical support and advice in
support of this manuscript.
NR 21
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VL 128
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PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA DO1JL
UT WOS:000377534200003
ER
PT J
AU Tiscareno, MS
Showalter, MR
French, RG
Burns, JA
Cuzzi, JN
de Pater, I
Hamilton, DP
Hedman, MM
Nicholson, PD
Tamayo, D
Verbiscer, AJ
Milam, SN
Stansberry, JA
AF Tiscareno, Matthew S.
Showalter, Mark R.
French, Richard G.
Burns, Joseph A.
Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
de Pater, Imke
Hamilton, Douglas P.
Hedman, Matthew M.
Nicholson, Philip D.
Tamayo, Daniel
Verbiscer, Anne J.
Milam, Stefanie N.
Stansberry, John A.
TI Observing Planetary Rings and Small Satellites with the James Webb Space
Telescope: Science Justification and Observation Requirements
SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC
LA English
DT Article
DE methods: observational; planets and satellites: general; planets and
satellites: rings; telescopes
ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA; SATURNS B-RING; STELLAR OCCULTATION; HST
OBSERVATIONS; ORBITAL MOTION; 2060 CHIRON; C RING; SYSTEM; MOONS; URANUS
AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will provide unprecedented opportunities to observe the rings and small satellites in our Solar System, accomplishing three primary objectives: (1). discovering new rings and moons, (2). unprecedented spectroscopy, and (3). time-domain observations. We give details on these science objectives and describe requirements that JWST must fulfill in order to accomplish the science objectives.
C1 [Tiscareno, Matthew S.; Burns, Joseph A.; Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA.
[Tiscareno, Matthew S.; Showalter, Mark R.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA.
[French, Richard G.] Wellesley Coll, Wellesley, MA 02181 USA.
[Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[de Pater, Imke] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Hamilton, Douglas P.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Hedman, Matthew M.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
[Tamayo, Daniel] Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
[Verbiscer, Anne J.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, CA USA.
[Milam, Stefanie N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Stansberry, John A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Tiscareno, MS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA.
NR 47
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PY 2016
VL 128
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SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA DO1JL
UT WOS:000377534200009
ER
PT J
AU Villanueva, GL
Altieri, F
Clancy, RT
Encrenaz, T
Fouchet, T
Hartogh, P
Lellouch, E
Lopez-Valverde, MA
Mumma, MJ
Novak, RE
Smith, MD
Vandaele, AC
Wolff, MJ
Ferruit, P
Milam, SN
AF Villanueva, Geronimo L.
Altieri, Francesca
Clancy, R. Todd
Encrenaz, Therese
Fouchet, Thierry
Hartogh, Paul
Lellouch, Emmanuel
Lopez-Valverde, Miguel A.
Mumma, Michael J.
Novak, Robert E.
Smith, Michael D.
Vandaele, Ann-Carine
Wolff, Michael J.
Ferruit, Pierre
Milam, Stefanie N.
TI Unique Spectroscopy and Imaging of Mars with the James Webb Space
Telescope
SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC
LA English
DT Article
DE infrared: planetary systems; planets and satellites: atmospheres;
planets and satellites: composition; planets and satellites: surfaces;
techniques: spectroscopic; methods: observational
ID WATER-ICE CLOUDS; THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; ORBITER LASER
ALTIMETER; MU-M; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; INTERANNUAL
VARIABILITY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SENSITIVE SEARCH
AB In this paper, we summarize the main capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) for performing observations of Mars. The distinctive vantage point of JWST at the Sun-Earth Lagrange point (L2) will allow sampling the full observable disk, permitting the study of short-term phenomena, diurnal processes (across the east-west axis), and latitudinal processes between the hemispheres (including seasonal effects) with excellent spatial resolutions (0."07 at 2 mu m). Spectroscopic observations will be achievable in the 0.7-5 mu m spectral region with NIRSpec at a maximum resolving power of 2700 and with 8000 in the 1-1.25 mu m range. Imaging will be attainable with the Near-Infrared Camera at 4.3 mu m and with two narrow filters near 2 mu m, while the nightside will be accessible with several filters in 0.5 to 2 mu m. Such a powerful suite of instruments will be a major asset for the exploration and characterization of Mars. Some science cases include the mapping of the water D/H ratio, investigations of the Martian mesosphere via the characterization of the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium CO2 emission at 4.3 mu m, studies of chemical transport via observations of the O-2 nightglow at 1.27 mu m, high-cadence mapping of the variability dust and water-ice clouds, and sensitive searches for trace species and hydrated features on the Martian surface. In-flight characterization of the instruments may allow for additional science opportunities.
C1 [Villanueva, Geronimo L.] NASA, CUA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Altieri, Francesca] INAF, IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Clancy, R. Todd; Wolff, Michael J.] SSI, 4750 Walnut St,Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Encrenaz, Therese; Fouchet, Thierry; Lellouch, Emmanuel] Obs Paris, CNRS, LESIA, 5 Pl J Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France.
[Hartogh, Paul] MPS, Justus von Liebig Weg 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany.
[Lopez-Valverde, Miguel A.] CSIC, IAA, Apdo 3004, Granada, Spain.
[Mumma, Michael J.; Smith, Michael D.; Milam, Stefanie N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Novak, Robert E.] Iona Coll, Dept Phys, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA.
[Vandaele, Ann-Carine] BISA, Planetary Aeron, Brussels, Belgium.
[Ferruit, Pierre] ESA, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Noordwijk, Netherlands.
RP Villanueva, GL (reprint author), NASA, CUA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM geronimo.villanueva@nasa.gov
RI Fouchet, Thierry/C-6374-2017;
OI Fouchet, Thierry/0000-0001-9040-8285; Lopez-Valverde, M.
A./0000-0002-7989-4267
NR 116
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0004-6280
EI 1538-3873
J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC
JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac.
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 128
IS 959
AR 018004
DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018004
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA DO1JL
UT WOS:000377534200005
ER
PT J
AU Huneeus, N
Basart, S
Fiedler, S
Morcrette, JJ
Benedetti, A
Mulcahy, J
Terradellas, E
Garcia-Pando, CP
Pejanovic, G
Nickovic, S
Arsenovic, P
Schulz, M
Cuevas, E
Baldasano, JM
Pey, J
Remy, S
Cvetkovic, B
AF Huneeus, N.
Basart, S.
Fiedler, S.
Morcrette, J. -J.
Benedetti, A.
Mulcahy, J.
Terradellas, E.
Garcia-Pando, C. Perez
Pejanovic, G.
Nickovic, S.
Arsenovic, P.
Schulz, M.
Cuevas, E.
Baldasano, J. M.
Pey, J.
Remy, S.
Cvetkovic, B.
TI Forecasting the northern African dust outbreak towards Europe in April
2011: a model intercomparison
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; SAHARAN DUST; MINERAL DUST; MEDITERRANEAN
BASIN; AEROSOL CHARACTERIZATION; RADIATIVE IMPACT; MIDDLE-EAST; DESERT
DUST; SYSTEM; CYCLE
AB In the framework of the World Meteorological Organisation's Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System, we evaluated the predictions of five state-of-the-art dust forecast models during an intense Saharan dust outbreak affecting western and northern Europe in April 2011. We assessed the capacity of the models to predict the evolution of the dust cloud with lead times of up to 72aEuro-h using observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and dust surface concentrations from a ground-based measurement network. In addition, the predicted vertical dust distribution was evaluated with vertical extinction profiles from the Cloud and Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). To assess the diversity in forecast capability among the models, the analysis was extended to wind field (both surface and profile), synoptic conditions, emissions and deposition fluxes. Models predict the onset and evolution of the AOD for all analysed lead times. On average, differences among the models are larger than differences among lead times for each individual model. In spite of large differences in emission and deposition, the models present comparable skill for AOD. In general, models are better in predicting AOD than near-surface dust concentration over the Iberian Peninsula. Models tend to underestimate the long-range transport towards northern Europe. Our analysis suggests that this is partly due to difficulties in simulating the vertical distribution dust and horizontal wind. Differences in the size distribution and wet scavenging efficiency may also account for model diversity in long-range transport.
C1 [Huneeus, N.] UPMC, CNRS, IPSL, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Paris, France.
[Huneeus, N.] Univ Chile, Dept Geophys, Santiago, Chile.
[Huneeus, N.] Univ Chile, Ctr Climate & Resilience Res, Santiago, Chile.
[Basart, S.; Baldasano, J. M.] BSC CNS, Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Earth Sci Dept, Barcelona, Spain.
[Fiedler, S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Fiedler, S.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Morcrette, J. -J.; Benedetti, A.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
[Mulcahy, J.] Met Off, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
[Terradellas, E.] Meteorol State Agcy Spain AEMET, Barcelona, Spain.
[Garcia-Pando, C. Perez] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Garcia-Pando, C. Perez] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA.
[Pejanovic, G.; Nickovic, S.; Arsenovic, P.; Cvetkovic, B.] Natl Hydrometeorol Serv, Belgrade, Serbia.
[Nickovic, S.; Pey, J.] Spanish Res Council, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona, Spain.
[Arsenovic, P.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Schulz, M.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway.
[Cuevas, E.] State Meteorol Agcy Spain AEMET, Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Spain.
[Baldasano, J. M.] Tech Univ Catalonia, Environm Modelling Lab, Barcelona, Spain.
[Pey, J.] Geol Survey Spain IGME, Zaragoza, Spain.
[Fiedler, S.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
[Remy, S.] UPMC, CNRS, IPSL, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Paris, France.
RP Huneeus, N (reprint author), UPMC, CNRS, IPSL, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Paris, France.; Huneeus, N (reprint author), Univ Chile, Dept Geophys, Santiago, Chile.; Huneeus, N (reprint author), Univ Chile, Ctr Climate & Resilience Res, Santiago, Chile.
EM nhuneeus@dgf.uchile.cl
RI Huneeus, Nicolas/J-4994-2016; Cuevas, Emilio/L-2109-2013; Pey Betran,
Jorge/F-6902-2015;
OI Cuevas, Emilio/0000-0003-1843-8302; Pey Betran,
Jorge/0000-0002-5015-1742; Basart, Sara/0000-0002-9821-8504; Perez
Garcia-Pando, Carlos/0000-0002-4456-0697; Fiedler,
Stephanie/0000-0001-8898-9949; Huneeus, Nicolas/0000-0002-6214-5518
FU AERONET-Europe TNA (EU-ACTRIS grant) [262254]; CICYT project
[CGL2010-19652, CGL2013-46736]; Severo Ochoa programme of the Spanish
Government [SEV-2011-00067]; European Research Council [257543]; LIFE
Programme of the European Commission [LIFE10 ENV/IT/327]; Ramon y Cajal
Grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness
[RYC-2013-14159]; MACC-II by the European Commission under the EU
[283576]; MACC-III by the European Community [633080]
FX The authors acknowledge AERONET (http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov) and thank
the PIs of the AERONET stations used in this paper for maintaining the
observation program and the AERONET-Europe TNA (EU-ACTRIS grant no.
262254) for contributing to calibration efforts. We also acknowledge the
MERRA, CALIPSO and MODIS mission scientists and associated NASA
personnel for the production of the data used in this research effort.
MODIS data used in this paper were produced with the Giovanni online
data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC. S. Basart
acknowledges the Catalan Government (BE-DGR-2012) as well as the CICYT
project (CGL2010-19652 and CGL2013-46736) and Severo Ochoa
(SEV-2011-00067) programme of the Spanish Government. The NMMB/BSC-Dust
and BSC-DREAM8b simulations were performed on the MareNostrum
supercomputer hosted by BSC. Stephanie Fiedler acknowledges the funding
of the European Research Council through the starting grant of Peter
Knippertz (no. 257543). Nicolas Huneeus acknowledges FONDAP 15110009 and
FONDECYT 1150873. The database on dust concentrations at ground level
was produced in the framework of the Grant Agreement LIFE10 ENV/IT/327
from the LIFE Programme of the European Commission. J. Pey has been
partially funded by a Ramon y Cajal Grant (RYC-2013-14159) from the
Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. Carlos Perez
Garcia-Pando acknowledges the Department of Energy (DE-SC0006713) and
the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program. The work was partly
funded within MACC-II by the European Commission under the EU Seventh
Research Framework Programme, contract number 283576 and MACC-III by the
European Community's Horizon 2020 Programme under grant agreement no.
633080.
NR 71
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 8
BP 4967
EP 4986
DI 10.5194/acp-16-4967-2016
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DN3BK
UT WOS:000376937000014
ER
PT J
AU Brock, CA
Wagner, NL
Anderson, BE
Attwood, AR
Beyersdorf, A
Campuzano-Jost, P
Carlton, AG
Day, DA
Diskin, GS
Gordon, TD
Jimenez, JL
Lack, DA
Liao, J
Markovic, MZ
Middlebrook, AM
Ng, NL
Perring, AE
Richardson, MS
Schwarz, JP
Washenfelder, RA
Welti, A
Xu, L
Ziemba, LD
Murphy, DM
AF Brock, Charles A.
Wagner, Nicholas L.
Anderson, Bruce E.
Attwood, Alexis R.
Beyersdorf, Andreas
Campuzano-Jost, Pedro
Carlton, Annmarie G.
Day, Douglas A.
Diskin, Glenn S.
Gordon, Timothy D.
Jimenez, Jose L.
Lack, Daniel A.
Liao, Jin
Markovic, Milos Z.
Middlebrook, Ann M.
Ng, Nga L.
Perring, Anne E.
Richardson, Matthews S.
Schwarz, Joshua P.
Washenfelder, Rebecca A.
Welti, Andre
Xu, Lu
Ziemba, Luke D.
Murphy, Daniel M.
TI Aerosol optical properties in the southeastern United States in summer -
Part 1: Hygroscopic growth
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; IN-SITU;
SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS;
PARTICULATE MATTER; SEASONAL-VARIATION; MASS-SPECTROMETER
AB Aircraft observations of meteorological, trace gas, and aerosol properties were made during May-September 2013 in the southeastern United States (US) under fair-weather, afternoon conditions with well-defined planetary boundary layer structure. Optical extinction at 532aEuro-nm was directly measured at relative humidities (RHs) of aEuro-15, aEuro-70, and aEuro-90aEuro-% and compared with extinction calculated from measurements of aerosol composition and size distribution using the kappa-Kohler approximation for hygroscopic growth. The calculated enhancement in hydrated aerosol extinction with relative humidity, f(RH), calculated by this method agreed well with the observed f(RH) at aEuro-90aEuro-% RH. The dominance of organic aerosol, which comprised 65aEuro-+/- aEuro-10aEuro-% of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < aEuro-1aEuro-A mu m in the planetary boundary layer, resulted in relatively low f(RH) values of 1.43aEuro-+/- aEuro-0.67 at 70aEuro-% RH and 2.28aEuro-+/- aEuro-1.05 at 90aEuro-% RH. The subsaturated kappa-Kohler hygroscopicity parameter kappa for the organic fraction of the aerosol must have been < aEuro-0.10 to be consistent with 75aEuro-% of the observations within uncertainties, with a best estimate of kappa aEuro- = aEuro-0.05. This subsaturated kappa value for the organic aerosol in the southeastern US is broadly consistent with field studies in rural environments. A new, physically based, single-parameter representation was developed that better described f(RH) than did the widely used gamma power-law approximation.
C1 [Brock, Charles A.; Wagner, Nicholas L.; Attwood, Alexis R.; Gordon, Timothy D.; Lack, Daniel A.; Liao, Jin; Markovic, Milos Z.; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Perring, Anne E.; Richardson, Matthews S.; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Welti, Andre; Murphy, Daniel M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Wagner, Nicholas L.; Attwood, Alexis R.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Gordon, Timothy D.; Jimenez, Jose L.; Lack, Daniel A.; Liao, Jin; Markovic, Milos Z.; Perring, Anne E.; Richardson, Matthews S.; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Welti, Andre] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Anderson, Bruce E.; Beyersdorf, Andreas; Diskin, Glenn S.; Ziemba, Luke D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Carlton, Annmarie G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
[Ng, Nga L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Ng, Nga L.; Xu, Lu] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Attwood, Alexis R.] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
[Gordon, Timothy D.] Handix Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Lack, Daniel A.] TEAC Consulting, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
[Liao, Jin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Markovic, Milos Z.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Welti, Andre] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Dept Phys, Leipzig, Germany.
RP Brock, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
EM charles.a.brock@noaa.gov
RI Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Carlton,
Annmarie/A-7867-2011; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Jimenez,
Jose/A-5294-2008; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Murphy,
Daniel/J-4357-2012; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Carlton,
Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503;
Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223;
Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Washenfelder,
Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702;
FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle,
and Climate Programs; NASA [NNX12AC03G/NNX15AH33A]; NSF [AGS-1243354,
AGS-1242155, AGS-1242258]; EPA [R834799]
FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and
Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Programs. Pedro
Campuzano-Jost, Douglas A. Day, and Jose L. Jimenez were supported by
NASA award NNX12AC03G/NNX15AH33A and NSF award AGS-1243354. Annmarie G.
Carlton was supported by NSF award AGS-1242155. Lu Xu and Nga L. Ng were
supported by EPA award R834799 and NSF award AGS-1242258.
NR 95
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 7
U2 26
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 8
BP 4987
EP 5007
DI 10.5194/acp-16-4987-2016
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DN3BK
UT WOS:000376937000015
ER
PT J
AU Brock, CA
Wagner, NL
Anderson, BE
Beyersdorf, A
Campuzano-Jost, P
Day, DA
Diskin, GS
Gordon, TD
Jimenez, JL
Lack, DA
Liao, J
Markovic, MZ
Middlebrook, AM
Perring, AE
Richardson, MS
Schwarz, JP
Welti, A
Ziemba, LD
Murphy, DM
AF Brock, Charles A.
Wagner, Nicholas L.
Anderson, Bruce E.
Beyersdorf, Andreas
Campuzano-Jost, Pedro
Day, Douglas A.
Diskin, Glenn S.
Gordon, Timothy D.
Jimenez, Jose L.
Lack, Daniel A.
Liao, Jin
Markovic, Milos Z.
Middlebrook, Ann M.
Perring, Anne E.
Richardson, Matthews S.
Schwarz, Joshua P.
Welti, Andre
Ziemba, Luke D.
Murphy, Daniel M.
TI Aerosol optical properties in the southeastern United States in summer -
Part 2: Sensitivity of aerosol optical depth to relative humidity and
aerosol parameters
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CIRCULATION MODEL ASSESSMENT; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC
AEROSOLS; IN-SITU; SULFATE AEROSOL; AIR-QUALITY; CLIMATE; SIZE; CLOUD;
AIRCRAFT
AB Aircraft observations of meteorological, trace gas, and aerosol properties were made between May and September 2013 in the southeastern United States (US). Regionally representative aggregate vertical profiles of median and interdecile ranges of the measured parameters were constructed from 37 individual aircraft profiles made in the afternoon when a well-mixed boundary layer with typical fair-weather cumulus was present (Wagner et al., 2015). We use these 0-4aEuro-km aggregate profiles and a simple model to calculate the sensitivity of aerosol optical depth (AOD) to changes in dry aerosol mass, relative humidity, mixed-layer height, the central diameter and width of the particle size distribution, hygroscopicity, and dry and wet refractive index, while holding the other parameters constant. The calculated sensitivity is a result of both the intrinsic sensitivity and the observed range of variation in these parameters. These observationally based sensitivity studies indicate that the relationship between AOD and dry aerosol mass in these conditions in the southeastern US can be highly variable and is especially sensitive to relative humidity (RH). For example, calculated AOD ranged from 0.137 to 0.305 as the RH was varied between the 10th and 90th percentile profiles with dry aerosol mass held constant. Calculated AOD was somewhat less sensitive to aerosol hygroscopicity, mean size, and geometric standard deviation, sigma(g). However, some chemistry-climate models prescribe values of sigma(g) substantially larger than we or others observe, leading to potential high biases in model-calculated AOD of aEuro-25aEuro-%. Finally, AOD was least sensitive to observed variations in dry and wet aerosol refractive index and to changes in the height of the well-mixed surface layer. We expect these findings to be applicable to other moderately polluted and background continental air masses in which an accumulation mode between 0.1-0.5aEuro-A mu m diameter dominates aerosol extinction.
C1 [Brock, Charles A.; Wagner, Nicholas L.; Gordon, Timothy D.; Lack, Daniel A.; Liao, Jin; Markovic, Milos Z.; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Perring, Anne E.; Richardson, Matthews S.; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Welti, Andre; Murphy, Daniel M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Wagner, Nicholas L.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Gordon, Timothy D.; Jimenez, Jose L.; Lack, Daniel A.; Liao, Jin; Markovic, Milos Z.; Perring, Anne E.; Richardson, Matthews S.; Welti, Andre] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Anderson, Bruce E.; Beyersdorf, Andreas; Diskin, Glenn S.; Ziemba, Luke D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Gordon, Timothy D.] Handix Sci LLC, Boulder, CO USA.
[Lack, Daniel A.] TEAC Consulting, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
[Liao, Jin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Markovic, Milos Z.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Welti, Andre] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Dept Phys, Leipzig, Germany.
RP Brock, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
EM charles.a.brock@noaa.gov
RI Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Perring,
Anne/G-4597-2013; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012;
Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503;
Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235;
FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle,
and Climate Programs; NASA [NNX12AC03G/NNX15AH33A]; NSF [AGS-1243354,
AGS-1242155]
FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and
Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Programs. Pedro
Campuzano-Jost, Douglas A. Day, and Jose L. Jimenez were supported by
NASA award NNX12AC03G/NNX15AH33A and NSF award AGS-1243354. Annmarie G.
Carlton was supported by NSF award AGS-1242155. We thank Gary Gimmestad
and Brad Gingrey for their effort in establishing and maintaining the
Georgia Tech and SEARCH-Centreville AERONET sites, respectively.
NR 45
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 8
BP 5009
EP 5019
DI 10.5194/acp-16-5009-2016
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DN3BK
UT WOS:000376937000016
ER
PT J
AU Holz, RE
Platnick, S
Meyer, K
Vaughan, M
Heidinger, A
Yang, P
Wind, G
Dutcher, S
Ackerman, S
Amarasinghe, N
Nagle, F
Wang, CX
AF Holz, Robert E.
Platnick, Steven
Meyer, Kerry
Vaughan, Mark
Heidinger, Andrew
Yang, Ping
Wind, Gala
Dutcher, Steven
Ackerman, Steven
Amarasinghe, Nandana
Nagle, Fredrick
Wang, Chenxi
TI Resolving ice cloud optical thickness biases between CALIOP and MODIS
using infrared retrievals
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INHOMOGENEOUS HEXAGONAL MONOCRYSTALS; ADEOS-POLDER MEASUREMENTS;
MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; CALIPSO LIDAR; CIRRUS CLOUDS; PART II; POLARIZATION
MEASUREMENTS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; WATER-VAPOR
AB Despite its importance as one of the key radiative properties that determines the impact of upper tropospheric clouds on the radiation balance, ice cloud optical thickness (IOT) has proven to be one of the more challenging properties to retrieve from space-based remote sensing measurements. In particular, optically thin upper tropospheric ice clouds (cirrus) have been especially challenging due to their tenuous nature, extensive spatial scales, and complex particle shapes and light-scattering characteristics. The lack of independent validation motivates the investigation presented in this paper, wherein systematic biases between MODIS Collection 5 (C5) and CALIOP Version 3 (V3) unconstrained retrievals of tenuous IOT (< 3) are examined using a month of collocated A-Train observations. An initial comparison revealed a factor of 2 bias between the MODIS and CALIOP IOT retrievals. This bias is investigated using an infrared (IR) radiative closure approach that compares both products with MODIS IR cirrus retrievals developed for this assessment. The analysis finds that both the MODIS C5 and the unconstrained CALIOP V3 retrievals are biased (high and low, respectively) relative to the IR IOT retrievals. Based on this finding, the MODIS and CALIOP algorithms are investigated with the goal of explaining and minimizing the biases relative to the IR. For MODIS we find that the assumed ice single-scattering properties used for the C5 retrievals are not consistent with the mean IR COT distribution. The C5 ice scattering database results in the asymmetry parameter (g) varying as a function of effective radius with mean values that are too large. The MODIS retrievals have been brought into agreement with the IR by adopting a new ice scattering model for Collection 6 (C6) consisting of a modified gamma distribution comprised of a single habit (severely roughened aggregated columns); the C6 ice cloud optical property models have a constant g a parts per thousand 0.75 in the mid-visible spectrum, 5-15aEuro-% smaller than C5. For CALIOP, the assumed lidar ratio for unconstrained retrievals is fixed at 25aEuro-sr for the V3 data products. This value is found to be inconsistent with the constrained (predominantly nighttime) CALIOP retrievals. An experimental data set was produced using a modified lidar ratio of 32aEuro-sr for the unconstrained retrievals (an increase of 28aEuro-%), selected to provide consistency with the constrained V3 results. These modifications greatly improve the agreement with the IR and provide consistency between the MODIS and CALIOP products. Based on these results the recently released MODIS C6 optical products use the single-habit distribution given above, while the upcoming CALIOP V4 unconstrained algorithm will use higher lidar ratios for unconstrained retrievals.
C1 [Holz, Robert E.; Dutcher, Steven; Ackerman, Steven; Nagle, Fredrick] Univ Wisconsin, Madison Space Sci & Engn Cent, Madison, WI USA.
[Platnick, Steven] NASA Goddard, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Meyer, Kerry] GESTAR USRA, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Vaughan, Mark] NASA Langley, Langley, VA USA.
[Heidinger, Andrew] NOAA, Madison, WI USA.
[Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA.
[Wind, Gala; Amarasinghe, Nandana] SSAI, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Wang, Chenxi] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Holz, RE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison Space Sci & Engn Cent, Madison, WI USA.
EM reholz@ssec.wisc.edu
RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Heidinger,
Andrew/F-5591-2010; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016
OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Heidinger,
Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200
FU NASA [NNX15AG12G]; NASA Langley [SSAI Task A-014 E-001D]
FX We would like to acknowledge the NASA University of Wisconsin
Atmospheric PEATE/SIPS, which provided the processing and data accessed
needed to conduct this research. We would also like to thank the CALIOP
and MODIS algorithm teams for their support. This research was funded by
NASA grant NNX15AG12G and NASA Langley Contract SSAI Task A-014 E-001D.
NR 70
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 6
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 8
BP 5075
EP 5090
DI 10.5194/acp-16-5075-2016
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DN3BK
UT WOS:000376937000020
ER
PT J
AU Pistone, K
Praveen, PS
Thomas, RM
Ramanathan, V
Wilcox, EM
Bender, FAM
AF Pistone, Kristina
Praveen, Puppala S.
Thomas, Rick M.
Ramanathan, Veerabhadran
Wilcox, Eric M.
Bender, Frida A. -M.
TI Observed correlations between aerosol and cloud properties in an Indian
Ocean trade cumulus regime
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES; SOLAR ABSORPTION; BLACK CARBON; MICROPHYSICS;
ALBEDO; SYSTEM; ASIA
AB There are many contributing factors which determine the micro- and macrophysical properties of clouds, including atmospheric vertical structure, dominant meteorological conditions, and aerosol concentration, all of which may be coupled to one another. In the quest to determine aerosol effects on clouds, these potential relationships must be understood. Here we describe several observed correlations between aerosol conditions and cloud and atmospheric properties in the Indian Ocean winter monsoon season.
In the CARDEX (Cloud, Aerosol, Radiative forcing, Dynamics EXperiment) field campaign conducted in February and March 2012 in the northern Indian Ocean, continuous measurements were made of atmospheric precipitable water vapor (PWV) and the liquid water path (LWP) of trade cumulus clouds, concurrent with measurements of water vapor flux, cloud and aerosol vertical profiles, meteorological data, and surface and total-column aerosol from instrumentation at a ground observatory and on small unmanned aircraft. We present observations which indicate a positive correlation between aerosol and cloud LWP only when considering cases with low atmospheric water vapor (PWV < 40aEuro-kg m(-2)), a criterion which acts to filter the data to control for the natural meteorological variability in the region.
We then use the aircraft and ground-based measurements to explore possible mechanisms behind this observed aerosol-LWP correlation. The increase in cloud liquid water is found to coincide with a lowering of the cloud base, which is itself attributable to increased boundary layer humidity in polluted conditions. High pollution is found to correlate with both higher temperatures and higher humidity measured throughout the boundary layer. A large-scale analysis, using satellite observations and meteorological reanalysis, corroborates these covariations: high-pollution cases are shown to originate as a highly polluted boundary layer air mass approaching the observatory from a northwesterly direction. The source air mass exhibits both higher temperatures and higher humidity in the polluted cases. While the warmer temperatures may be attributable to aerosol absorption of solar radiation over the subcontinent, the factors responsible for the coincident high humidity are less evident: the high-aerosol conditions are observed to disperse with air mass evolution, along with a weakening of the high-temperature anomaly, while the high-humidity condition is observed to strengthen in magnitude as the polluted air mass moves over the ocean toward the site of the CARDEX observations. Potential causal mechanisms of the observed correlations, including meteorological or aerosol-induced factors, are explored, though future research will be needed for a more complete and quantitative understanding of the aerosol-humidity relationship.
C1 [Pistone, Kristina; Praveen, Puppala S.; Thomas, Rick M.; Ramanathan, Veerabhadran] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Wilcox, Eric M.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA.
[Bender, Frida A. -M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Bender, Frida A. -M.] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Pistone, Kristina] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Pistone, Kristina] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA.
[Praveen, Puppala S.] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev, Kathmandu, Nepal.
[Thomas, Rick M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.
RP Pistone, K (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.; Pistone, K (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; Pistone, K (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA.
EM kristina.pistone@fulbrightmail.org
FU National Science Foundation [ATM07-21142]; Desert Research Institute,
Stockholm University; Argonne National Laboratory; Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry; Desert Research Institute; NASA [NNX11AG89G]
FX The CARDEX field campaign was sponsored and funded by the National
Science Foundation Grant ATM07-21142 and conducted by the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography at the University of California at San Diego
in collaboration with the Desert Research Institute, Stockholm
University, Argonne National Laboratory, and the Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry. Eric M. Wilcox was supported by the Desert Research
Institute and NASA grant NNX11AG89G. Veerabhadran Ramanathan is the
principal investigator of CARDEX, Eric M. Wilcox is the Co-PI, and H.
Nguyen was the field director who conducted the campaign with full
support by the government of the Maldives. We also thank the Department
of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program for use of
the microwave radiometer as well as helpful technical advice. Full
details of the CARDEX campaign can be found at
http://www-ramanathan.ucsd.edu/files/CARDEX_prop_Jun_20.pdf. This study
is Paper no. 3 from the CARDEX campaign.
NR 36
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 8
BP 5203
EP 5227
DI 10.5194/acp-16-5203-2016
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DN3BK
UT WOS:000376937000027
ER
PT J
AU Lee, Y
Shindell, DT
Faluvegi, G
Pinder, RW
AF Lee, Yunha
Shindell, Drew T.
Faluvegi, Greg
Pinder, Rob W.
TI Potential impact of a US climate policy and air quality regulations on
future air quality and climate change
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; AEROSOL MICROPHYSICS MODEL;
IMPULSE-RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SURFACE OZONE; BLACK
CARBON; GISS MODELE; LUNG-CANCER; CO-BENEFITS; SIMULATIONS
AB We have investigated how future air quality and climate change are influenced by the US air quality regulations that existed or were proposed in 2013 and a hypothetical climate mitigation policy that aims to reduce 2050 CO2 emissions to be 50aEuro-% below 2005 emissions. Using the NASA GISS ModelE2 general circulation model, we look at the impacts for year 2030 and 2055. The US energy-sector emissions are from the GLIMPSE project (GEOS-Chem LIDORT Integrated with MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation) for the Purpose of Scenario Exploration), and other US emissions data sets and the rest of the world emissions data sets are based on the RCP4.5 scenario. The US air quality regulations are projected to have a strong beneficial impact on US air quality and public health in year 2030 and 2055 but result in positive radiative forcing. Under this scenario, no more emission constraints are added after 2020, and the impacts on air quality and climate change are similar between year 2030 and 2055. Surface particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5aEuro-A mu m (PM2.5) is reduced by aEuro-2aEuro-A mu gaEuro-m(-3) on average over the USA, and surface ozone by aEuro-8aEuro-ppbv. The improved air quality prevents about 91aEuro-400 premature deaths in the USA, mainly due to the PM2.5 reduction ( 74aEuro-200 lives saved). The air quality regulations reduce the light-reflecting aerosols (i.e., sulfate and organic matter) more than the light-absorbing species (i.e., black carbon and ozone), leading to a strong positive radiative forcing (RF) over the USA by both aerosols' direct and indirect forcing: the total RF is aEuro-0.04aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) over the globe, and aEuro-0.8aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) over the USA. Under the hypothetical climate policy, a future CO2 emissions cut is achieved in part by relying less on coal, and thus SO2 emissions are noticeably reduced. This provides air quality co-benefits, but it could lead to potential climate disbenefits over the USA. In 2055, the US mean total RF is +0.22aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) due to positive aerosol direct and indirect forcing, while the global mean total RF is -0.06aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) due to the dominant negative CO2 RF (instantaneous RF). To achieve a regional-scale climate benefit via a climate policy, it is critical (1) to have multinational efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and (2) to simultaneously target emission reduction of light-absorbing species (e.g., BC and O-3) on top of long-lived species. The latter is very desirable as the resulting climate benefit occurs faster and provides co-benefits to air quality and public health.
C1 [Lee, Yunha] Washington State Univ, Lab Atmospher Res Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
[Shindell, Drew T.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Faluvegi, Greg] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Faluvegi, Greg] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA.
[Pinder, Rob W.] NextClimate, Carborro, NC USA.
RP Lee, Y (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Lab Atmospher Res Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
EM yunha.lee.00@gmail.com
RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Lee, Yunha/Q-7222-2016
OI Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672
NR 60
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 15
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 8
BP 5323
EP 5342
DI 10.5194/acp-16-5323-2016
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DN3BK
UT WOS:000376937000034
ER
PT J
AU Karion, A
Sweeney, C
Miller, JB
Andrews, AE
Commane, R
Dinardo, S
Henderson, JM
Lindaas, J
Lin, JC
Luus, KA
Newberger, T
Tans, P
Wofsy, SC
Wolter, S
Miller, CE
AF Karion, Anna
Sweeney, Colm
Miller, John B.
Andrews, Arlyn E.
Commane, Roisin
Dinardo, Steven
Henderson, John M.
Lindaas, Jacob
Lin, John C.
Luus, Kristina A.
Newberger, Tim
Tans, Pieter
Wofsy, Steven C.
Wolter, Sonja
Miller, Charles E.
TI Investigating Alaskan methane and carbon dioxide fluxes using
measurements from the CARVE tower
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ARCTIC TUNDRA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OBSERVATORY ZOTTO; PERMAFROST CARBON;
MOLE FRACTIONS; CO2 EXCHANGE; STILT MODEL; HUMID AIR; EMISSIONS; SIBERIA
AB Northern high-latitude carbon sources and sinks, including those resulting from degrading permafrost, are thought to be sensitive to the rapidly warming climate. Because the near-surface atmosphere integrates surface fluxes over large ( aEuro-500-1000aEuro-km) scales, atmospheric monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) mole fractions in the daytime mixed layer is a promising method for detecting change in the carbon cycle throughout boreal Alaska. Here we use CO2 and CH4 measurements from a NOAA tower 17aEuro-km north of Fairbanks, AK, established as part of NASA's Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), to investigate regional fluxes of CO2 and CH4 for 2012-2014. CARVE was designed to use aircraft and surface observations to better understand and quantify the sensitivity of Alaskan carbon fluxes to climate variability. We use high-resolution meteorological fields from the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model (hereafter, WRF-STILT), along with the Polar Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (PolarVPRM), to investigate fluxes of CO2 in boreal Alaska using the tower observations, which are sensitive to large areas of central Alaska. We show that simulated PolarVPRM-WRF-STILT CO2 mole fractions show remarkably good agreement with tower observations, suggesting that the WRF-STILT model represents the meteorology of the region quite well, and that the PolarVPRM flux magnitudes and spatial distribution are generally consistent with CO2 mole fractions observed at the CARVE tower. One exception to this good agreement is that during the fall of all 3 years, PolarVPRM cannot reproduce the observed CO2 respiration. Using the WRF-STILT model, we find that average CH4 fluxes in boreal Alaska are somewhat lower than flux estimates by Chang et al. (2014) over all of Alaska for May-September 2012; we also find that enhancements appear to persist during some wintertime periods, augmenting those observed during the summer and fall. The possibility of significant fall and winter CO2 and CH4 fluxes underscores the need for year-round in situ observations to quantify changes in boreal Alaskan annual carbon balance.
C1 [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm; Miller, John B.; Newberger, Tim; Wolter, Sonja] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm; Miller, John B.; Andrews, Arlyn E.; Newberger, Tim; Tans, Pieter; Wolter, Sonja] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Commane, Roisin; Lindaas, Jacob; Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Dinardo, Steven; Miller, Charles E.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Henderson, John M.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA USA.
[Lin, John C.] Univ Utah, Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
[Luus, Kristina A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Biogeochem Integrat, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
[Karion, Anna] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lindaas, Jacob] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Luus, Kristina A.] Dublin Inst Technol, Dublin, Ireland.
RP Karion, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Karion, A (reprint author), NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.; Karion, A (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM anna.karion@nist.gov
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX The research described in this paper was performed for the Carbon in
Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), an Earth Ventures
(EV-1) investigation, under contract with the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration. Part of the research described in this paper was
performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration. Computing resources for this work were provided by the
NASA High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing
Division at Ames Research Center.
NR 53
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 8
U2 11
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 8
BP 5383
EP 5398
DI 10.5194/acp-16-5383-2016
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DN3BK
UT WOS:000376937000037
ER
PT J
AU Huang, L
Jiang, JH
Murray, LT
Damon, MR
Su, H
Livesey, NJ
AF Huang, Lei
Jiang, Jonathan H.
Murray, Lee T.
Damon, Megan R.
Su, Hui
Livesey, Nathaniel J.
TI Evaluation of UTLS carbon monoxide simulations in GMI and GEOS-Chem
chemical transport models using Aura MLS observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL UPPER TROPOSPHERE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC
CHEMISTRY; ACCURATE SIMULATION; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; FIRE EMISSIONS;
CLIMATE MODEL; WATER-VAPOR; EOS MLS; INTEX-B
AB This study evaluates the distribution and variation of carbon monoxide (CO) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) during 2004-2012 as simulated by two chemical transport models, using the latest version of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations. The simulated spatial distributions, temporal variations and vertical transport of CO in the UTLS region are compared with those observed by MLS. We also investigate the impact of surface emissions and deep convection on CO concentrations in the UTLS over different regions, using both model simulations and MLS observations. Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) and GEOS-Chem simulations of UTLS CO both show similar spatial distributions to observations. The global mean CO values simulated by both models agree with MLS observations at 215 and 147aEuro-hPa, but are significantly underestimated by more than 40aEuro-% at 100aEuro-hPa. In addition, the models underestimate the peak CO values by up to 70aEuro-% at 100aEuro-hPa, 60aEuro-% at 147aEuro-hPa and 40aEuro-% at 215aEuro-hPa, with GEOS-Chem generally simulating more CO at 100aEuro-hPa and less CO at 215aEuro-hPa than GMI. The seasonal distributions of CO simulated by both models are in better agreement with MLS in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) than in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), with disagreements between model and observations over enhanced CO regions such as southern Africa. The simulated vertical transport of CO shows better agreement with MLS in the tropics and the SH subtropics than the NH subtropics. We also examine regional variations in the relationships among surface CO emission, convection and UTLS CO concentrations. The two models exhibit emission-convection-CO relationships similar to those observed by MLS over the tropics and some regions with enhanced UTLS CO.
C1 [Huang, Lei; Jiang, Jonathan H.; Su, Hui; Livesey, Nathaniel J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Murray, Lee T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Murray, Lee T.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA.
[Damon, Megan R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Huang, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
EM Lei.Huang@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Murray, Lee/F-2296-2014
OI Murray, Lee/0000-0002-3447-3952
FU NASA Aura Science Team program
FX This research is supported by the NASA Aura Science Team program. The
study was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California
Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. The first author
would like to thank William G. Read for help with the application of MLS
averaging kernels to model simulations, and Susan E. Strahan and Stephen
D. Steenrod for helpful advice on GMI model data analysis. We appreciate
the helpful comments from two anonymous reviewers that led to
significant improvements of this paper.
NR 61
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Z9 0
U1 2
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 9
BP 5641
EP 5663
DI 10.5194/acp-16-5641-2016
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DN3BU
UT WOS:000376938100011
ER
PT J
AU Jackman, CH
Marsh, DR
Kinnison, DE
Mertens, CJ
Fleming, EL
AF Jackman, Charles H.
Marsh, Daniel R.
Kinnison, Douglas E.
Mertens, Christopher J.
Fleming, Eric L.
TI Atmospheric changes caused by galactic cosmic rays over the period
1960-2010
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLAR PROTON EVENTS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; ODD NITROGEN; 2-DIMENSIONAL
MODEL; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SPACE EXPLORATION;
OZONE DEPLETION; STRATOSPHERE; RADIATION
AB The Specified Dynamics version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SD-WACCM) and the Goddard Space Flight Center two-dimensional (GSFC 2-D) models are used to investigate the effect of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) on the atmosphere over the 1960-2010 time period. The Nowcast of Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation for Aviation Safety (NAIRAS) computation of the GCR-caused ionization rates are used in these simulations. GCR-caused maximum NOx increases of 4-15aEuro-% are computed in the Southern polar troposphere with associated ozone increases of 1-2aEuro-%. NOx increases of similar to 1-6aEuro-% are calculated for the lower stratosphere with associated ozone decreases of 0.2-1aEuro-%. The primary impact of GCRs on ozone was due to their production of NOx. The impact of GCRs varies with the atmospheric chlorine loading, sulfate aerosol loading, and solar cycle variation. Because of the interference between the NOx and ClOx ozone loss cycles (e.g., the ClO + NO2+aEuro-MaEuro- -> aEuro-ClONO2+aEuro-M reaction) and the change in the importance of ClOx in the ozone budget, GCRs cause larger atmospheric impacts with less chlorine loading. GCRs also cause larger atmospheric impacts with less sulfate aerosol loading and for years closer to solar minimum. GCR-caused decreases of annual average global total ozone (AAGTO) were computed to be 0.2aEuro-% or less with GCR-caused column ozone increases between 1000 and 100aEuro-hPa of 0.08aEuro-% or less and GCR-caused column ozone decreases between 100 and 1aEuro-hPa of 0.23aEuro-% or less. Although these computed ozone impacts are small, GCRs provide a natural influence on ozone and need to be quantified over long time periods. This result serves as a lower limit because of the use of the ionization model NAIRAS/HZETRN which underestimates the ion production by neglecting electromagnetic and muon branches of the cosmic ray induced cascade. This will be corrected in future works.
C1 [Jackman, Charles H.; Fleming, Eric L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Marsh, Daniel R.; Kinnison, Douglas E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Mertens, Christopher J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Fleming, Eric L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
RP Jackman, CH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
EM charles.h.jackman@nasa.gov
RI Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; Marsh, Daniel/A-8406-2008
OI Marsh, Daniel/0000-0001-6699-494X
FU NASA Headquarters Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program;
US National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF);
Office of Science of the US Department of Energy; NSF
FX Charles H. Jackman, Daniel R. Marsh, Douglas E. Kinnison, Christopher J.
Mertens, and Eric L. Fleming thank the NASA Headquarters Living With a
Star Targeted Research and Technology Program for support during the
time that this manuscript was written. Charles H. Jackman and Eric L.
Fleming were also supported by the NASA Headquarters Atmospheric
Composition Modeling and Analysis Program. The National Center for
Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is sponsored by the US National Science
Foundation. WACCM is a component of the Community Earth System Model
(CESM), which is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and
the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy. Computing
resources were provided by NCAR's Climate Simulation Laboratory,
sponsored by NSF and other agencies. This research was enabled by the
computational and storage resources of NCAR's Computational and
Information System Laboratory (CISL).
NR 63
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Z9 1
U1 3
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 9
BP 5853
EP 5866
DI 10.5194/acp-16-5853-2016
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DN3BU
UT WOS:000376938100022
ER
PT J
AU Fisher, JA
Jacob, DJ
Travis, KR
Kim, PS
Marais, EA
Miller, CC
Yu, KR
Zhu, L
Yantosca, RM
Sulprizio, MP
Mao, JQ
Wennberg, PO
Crounse, JD
Teng, AP
Nguyen, TB
St Clair, JM
Cohen, RC
Romer, P
Nault, BA
Wooldridge, PJ
Jimenez, JL
Campuzano-Jost, P
Day, DA
Hu, WW
Shepson, PB
Xiong, FLZ
Blake, DR
Goldstein, AH
Misztal, PK
Hanisco, TF
Wolfe, GM
Ryerson, TB
Wisthaler, A
Mikoviny, T
AF Fisher, Jenny A.
Jacob, Daniel J.
Travis, Katherine R.
Kim, Patrick S.
Marais, Eloise A.
Miller, Christopher Chan
Yu, Karen
Zhu, Lei
Yantosca, Robert M.
Sulprizio, Melissa P.
Mao, Jingqiu
Wennberg, Paul O.
Crounse, John D.
Teng, Alex P.
Nguyen, Tran B.
St. Clair, Jason M.
Cohen, Ronald C.
Romer, Paul
Nault, Benjamin A.
Wooldridge, Paul J.
Jimenez, Jose L.
Campuzano-Jost, Pedro
Day, Douglas A.
Hu, Weiwei
Shepson, Paul B.
Xiong, Fulizi
Blake, Donald R.
Goldstein, Allen H.
Misztal, Pawel K.
Hanisco, Thomas F.
Wolfe, Glenn M.
Ryerson, Thomas B.
Wisthaler, Armin
Mikoviny, Tomas
TI Organic nitrate chemistry and its implications for nitrogen budgets in
an isoprene- and monoterpene-rich atmosphere: constraints from aircraft
(SEAC(4)RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations in the Southeast US
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; UNITED-STATES;
AEROSOL FORMATION; REACTIVE NITROGEN; ALPHA-PINENE; NO3 OXIDATION;
BIOGENIC COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHASE HYDROLYSIS
AB Formation of organic nitrates (RONO2) during oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs: isoprene, monoterpenes) is a significant loss pathway for atmospheric nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx), but the chemistry of RONO2 formation and degradation remains uncertain. Here we implement a new BVOC oxidation mechanism (including updated isoprene chemistry, new monoterpene chemistry, and particle uptake of RONO2) in the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model with similar to aEuro-25aEuro- x aEuro-25aEuro-km(2) resolution over North America. We evaluate the model using aircraft (SEAC(4)RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations of NOx, BVOCs, and RONO2 from the Southeast US in summer 2013. The updated simulation successfully reproduces the concentrations of individual gas- and particle-phase RONO2 species measured during the campaigns. Gas-phase isoprene nitrates account for 25-50aEuro-% of observed RONO2 in surface air, and we find that another 10aEuro-% is contributed by gas-phase monoterpene nitrates. Observations in the free troposphere show an important contribution from long-lived nitrates derived from anthropogenic VOCs. During both campaigns, at least 10aEuro-% of observed boundary layer RONO2 were in the particle phase. We find that aerosol uptake followed by hydrolysis to HNO3 accounts for 60aEuro-% of simulated gas-phase RONO2 loss in the boundary layer. Other losses are 20aEuro-% by photolysis to recycle NOx and 15aEuro-% by dry deposition. RONO2 production accounts for 20aEuro-% of the net regional NOx sink in the Southeast US in summer, limited by the spatial segregation between BVOC and NOx emissions. This segregation implies that RONO2 production will remain a minor sink for NOx in the Southeast US in the future even as NOx emissions continue to decline.
.
C1 [Fisher, Jenny A.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
[Fisher, Jenny A.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
[Jacob, Daniel J.; Travis, Katherine R.; Marais, Eloise A.; Yu, Karen; Zhu, Lei; Yantosca, Robert M.; Sulprizio, Melissa P.] Harvard Univ, Harvard John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Jacob, Daniel J.; Kim, Patrick S.; Miller, Christopher Chan] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Mao, Jingqiu] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Mao, Jingqiu] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Wennberg, Paul O.; Crounse, John D.; Teng, Alex P.; Nguyen, Tran B.; St. Clair, Jason M.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Cohen, Ronald C.; Romer, Paul; Wooldridge, Paul J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Cohen, Ronald C.; Nault, Benjamin A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Jimenez, Jose L.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Hu, Weiwei] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Jimenez, Jose L.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Hu, Weiwei] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Shepson, Paul B.; Xiong, Fulizi] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Blake, Donald R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
[Goldstein, Allen H.; Misztal, Pawel K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Hanisco, Thomas F.; Wolfe, Glenn M.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Wolfe, Glenn M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Ryerson, Thomas B.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Wisthaler, Armin; Mikoviny, Tomas] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Oslo, Norway.
[Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Nguyen, Tran B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[St. Clair, Jason M.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[St. Clair, Jason M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Nault, Benjamin A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Nault, Benjamin A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Fisher, JA (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.; Fisher, JA (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
EM jennyf@uow.edu.au
RI Fisher, Jenny/J-3979-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Jimenez,
Jose/A-5294-2008; Misztal, Pawel/B-8371-2009; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014;
Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Cohen,
Ronald/A-8842-2011; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011
OI Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847;
Misztal, Pawel/0000-0003-1060-1750; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X;
Marais, Eloise/0000-0001-5477-8051; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751;
Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691;
FU University of Wollongong; NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program;
Australian Government; NOAA Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310071];
NASA [NNX15AH33A, NNX15AT96G]; NSF [AGS-1243354, AGS-1360834]; EPRI
[10004734]; Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and
Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme
(ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG); Visiting
Scientist Program at the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA)
FX We are grateful to the entire NASA SEAC4RS team for their
help in the field, and we thank Eleanor Browne and Fabien Paulot for
helpful discussions about the monoterpene nitrate scheme. This work was
funded by a University of Wollongong Vice Chancellor's Postdoctoral
Fellowship to J. A. Fisher and by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry
Program. This research was undertaken with the assistance of resources
provided at the NCI National Facility systems at the Australian National
University through the National Computational Merit Allocation Scheme
supported by the Australian Government. J. Mao acknowledges supports
from the NOAA Climate Program Office grant NA13OAR4310071. J. L.
Jimenez, P. Campuzano-Jost, W. Hu, and D. A. Day were supported by NASA
NNX15AH33A and NNX15AT96G, NSF AGS-1243354 and AGS-1360834, and EPRI
10004734. Isoprene and monoterpene measurements during
SEAC4RS were supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry for
Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space
Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency
(FFG). A. Wisthaler and T. Mikoviny received support from the Visiting
Scientist Program at the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA).
NR 91
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 20
U2 40
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 9
BP 5969
EP 5991
DI 10.5194/acp-16-5969-2016
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DN3BU
UT WOS:000376938100028
ER
PT J
AU Cai, X
Yang, ZL
Fisher, JB
Zhang, X
Barlage, M
Chen, F
AF Cai, X.
Yang, Z. -L.
Fisher, J. B.
Zhang, X.
Barlage, M.
Chen, F.
TI Integration of nitrogen dynamics into the Noah-MP land surface model
v1.1 for climate and environmental predictions
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; CARBON FLUXES; UNITED-STATES; RESOLUTION; BIOSPHERE;
EXCHANGE; IMPACTS; BALANCE; EXPORT; CYCLE
AB Climate and terrestrial biosphere models consider nitrogen an important factor in limiting plant carbon uptake, while operational environmental models view nitrogen as the leading pollutant causing eutrophication in water bodies. The community Noah land surface model with multi-parameterization options (Noah-MP) is unique in that it is the next-generation land surface model for the Weather Research and Forecasting meteorological model and for the operational weather/climate models in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. In this study, we add a capability to Noah-MP to simulate nitrogen dynamics by coupling the Fixation and Uptake of Nitrogen (FUN) plant model and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) soil nitrogen dynamics. This model development incorporates FUN's state-of-the-art concept of carbon cost theory and SWAT's strength in representing the impacts of agricultural management on the nitrogen cycle. Parameterizations for direct root and mycorrhizal-associated nitrogen uptake, leaf retranslocation, and symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation are employed from FUN, while parameterizations for nitrogen mineralization, nitrification, immobilization, volatilization, atmospheric deposition, and leaching are based on SWAT. The coupled model is then evaluated at the Kellogg Biological Station - a Long Term Ecological Research site within the US Corn Belt. Results show that the model performs well in capturing the major nitrogen state/flux variables (e.g., soil nitrate and nitrate leaching). Furthermore, the addition of nitrogen dynamics improves the modeling of net primary productivity and evapotranspiration. The model improvement is expected to advance the capability of Noah-MP to simultaneously predict weather and water quality in fully coupled Earth system models.
C1 [Cai, X.; Yang, Z. -L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX USA.
[Fisher, J. B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Fisher, J. B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Zhang, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA.
[Zhang, X.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Barlage, M.; Chen, F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Cai, X.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Yang, ZL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX USA.
EM liang@jsg.utexas.edu
RI Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009; Yang, Zong-Liang/B-4916-2011; zhang,
xuesong/B-7907-2009;
OI Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085; Cai, Xitian/0000-0002-4798-4954;
Yang, Zong-Liang/0000-0003-3030-0330
FU NASA [NNX11AE42G, NNH11DA001N, NNH13ZDA001N]; National Center for
Atmospheric Research Advanced Study Program; NASA Jet Propulsion
Laboratory Strategic University Research Partnership Program; US
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Terrestrial Ecosystem Science
program; NSF Ecosystem Science program; NSF LTER Program [DEB 1027253];
Michigan State University AgBioResearch; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy
Research Center [DE-FCO2-07ER64494, DE-ACO5-76RL01830]
FX This work is supported by the NASA grant NNX11AE42G, the National Center
for Atmospheric Research Advanced Study Program, and the NASA Jet
Propulsion Laboratory Strategic University Research Partnership Program.
The first author would like to thank Guo-Yue Niu and Mingjie Shi for
their help and the beneficial discussion with them. J. B. Fisher
contributed to this research from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA, and
through the University of California, Los Angeles. J. B. Fisher was
supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Terrestrial
Ecosystem Science program, and by the NSF Ecosystem Science program. X.
Zhang's contribution was supported by NASA (NNH11DA001N and
NNH13ZDA001N). We are grateful for the observational data from the
Kellogg Biological Station, which is supported by the NSF LTER Program
(DEB 1027253), by Michigan State University AgBioResearch, and by the
DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DE-FCO2-07ER64494 and
DE-ACO5-76RL01830).
NR 40
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 1
BP 1
EP 15
DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1-2016
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DN2ZX
UT WOS:000376932900001
ER
PT J
AU Wada, Y
Florke, M
Hanasaki, N
Eisner, S
Fischer, G
Tramberend, S
Satoh, Y
van Vliet, MTH
Yillia, P
Ringler, C
Burek, P
Wiberg, D
AF Wada, Y.
Floerke, M.
Hanasaki, N.
Eisner, S.
Fischer, G.
Tramberend, S.
Satoh, Y.
van Vliet, M. T. H.
Yillia, P.
Ringler, C.
Burek, P.
Wiberg, D.
TI Modeling global water use for the 21st century: the Water Futures and
Solutions (WFaS) initiative and its approaches
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID SHARED SOCIOECONOMIC PATHWAYS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS;
SURFACE-WATER; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; GROUNDWATER DEPLETION;
ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT; SOIL-MOISTURE; DATA SET
AB To sustain growing food demand and increasing standard of living, global water use increased by nearly 6 times during the last 100 years, and continues to grow. As water demands get closer and closer to the water availability in many regions, each drop of water becomes increasingly valuable and water must be managed more efficiently and intensively. However, soaring water use worsens water scarcity conditions already prevalent in semi-arid and arid regions, increasing uncertainty for sustainable food production and economic development. Planning for future development and investments requires that we prepare water projections for the future. However, estimations are complicated because the future of the world's waters will be influenced by a combination of environmental, social, economic, and political factors, and there is only limited knowledge and data available about freshwater resources and how they are being used. The Water Futures and Solutions (WFaS) initiative coordinates its work with other ongoing scenario efforts for the sake of establishing a consistent set of new global water scenarios based on the shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) and the representative concentration pathways (RCPs). The WFaS "fasttrack" assessment uses three global water models, namely H08, PCR-GLOBWB, and WaterGAP. This study assesses the state of the art for estimating and projecting water use regionally and globally in a consistent manner. It provides an overview of different approaches, the uncertainty, strengths and weaknesses of the various estimation methods, types of management and policy decisions for which the current estimation methods are useful. We also discuss additional information most needed to be able to improve water use estimates and be able to assess a greater range of management options across the water-energy-climate nexus.
C1 [Wada, Y.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys Geog, Heidelberglaan 2, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Wada, Y.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Wada, Y.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Floerke, M.; Eisner, S.] Univ Kassel, Ctr Environm Syst Res, D-34125 Kassel, Germany.
[Hanasaki, N.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Fischer, G.; Tramberend, S.; Satoh, Y.; van Vliet, M. T. H.; Yillia, P.; Burek, P.; Wiberg, D.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
[van Vliet, M. T. H.] Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, Earth Syst Sci Climate Change & Adapt Land & Wate, Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Ringler, C.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
RP Wada, Y (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys Geog, Heidelberglaan 2, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands.; Wada, Y (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.; Wada, Y (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM y.wada@uu.nl
RI Hanasaki, Naota/C-2932-2009;
OI Hanasaki, Naota/0000-0002-5092-7563; van Vliet, Michelle
T.H./0000-0002-2597-8422
FU government of Norway; Asian Development Bank; Austrian Development
agency; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
[JSPS-2014-878]; CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems
FX The Water Futures and Solutions Initiative (WFaS) was launched by IIASA,
UNESCO/UN-Water, the World Water Council (WWC), the International Water
Association (IWA), and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and
Transport (MOLIT) of the Republic of Korea, and has been supported by
the government of Norway, the Asian Development Bank, and the Austrian
Development agency. More than 35 organizations contribute to the
scientific project team, and an additional 25 organizations are
represented in stakeholder groups. Furthermore, WFaS relies on numerous
databases compiled and made available by many more organizations, which
are referred to in this paper. The research described in this paper
would not have been possible without the collaboration of all of these
organizations in the WFaS Project Team. Y. Wada is supported by Japan
Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Oversea Research Fellowship
(grant no. JSPS-2014-878). C. Ringler is supported from the CGIAR
Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems. We cordially thank two
anonymous referees who gave constructive and thoughtful comments and
suggestions, which improved the quality of the manuscript.
NR 144
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U2 22
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 1
BP 175
EP 222
DI 10.5194/gmd-9-175-2016
PG 48
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DN2ZX
UT WOS:000376932900010
ER
PT J
AU Ali, AA
Xu, C
Rogers, A
Fisher, RA
Wullschleger, SD
Massoud, EC
Vrugt, JA
Muss, JD
McDowell, NG
Fisher, JB
Reich, PB
Wilson, CJ
AF Ali, A. A.
Xu, C.
Rogers, A.
Fisher, R. A.
Wullschleger, S. D.
Massoud, E. C.
Vrugt, J. A.
Muss, J. D.
McDowell, N. G.
Fisher, J. B.
Reich, P. B.
Wilson, C. J.
TI A global scale mechanistic model of photosynthetic capacity (LUNA V1.0)
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; BIOCHEMICALLY BASED
MODEL; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; LEAF NITROGEN; VEGETATION DYNAMICS;
ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; ELEVATED CO2; CARBON GAIN; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE
CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE
AB Although plant photosynthetic capacity as determined by the maximum carboxylation rate (i.e., V-c,V-max25) and the maximum electron transport rate (i. e., J(max25)) at a reference temperature (generally 25 degrees C) is known to vary considerably in space and time in response to environmental conditions, it is typically parameterized in Earth system models (ESMs) with tabulated values associated with plant functional types. In this study, we have developed a mechanistic model of leaf utilization of nitrogen for assimilation (LUNA) to predict photosynthetic capacity at the global scale under different environmental conditions. We adopt an optimality hypothesis to nitrogen allocation among light capture, electron transport, carboxylation and respiration. The LUNA model is able to reasonably capture the measured spatial and temporal patterns of photosynthetic capacity as it explains similar to 55% of the global variation in observed values of V-c,V-max25 and similar to 65% of the variation in the observed values of J(max25). Model simulations with LUNA under current and future climate conditions demonstrate that modeled values of V-c,V-max25 are most affected in high-latitude regions under future climates. ESMs that relate the values of V-c,V-max25 or J(max25) to plant functional types only are likely to substantially overestimate future global photosynthesis.
C1 [Ali, A. A.; Xu, C.; Muss, J. D.; McDowell, N. G.; Wilson, C. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Ali, A. A.; Massoud, E. C.; Vrugt, J. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA USA.
[Rogers, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Fisher, R. A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Wullschleger, S. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Climate Change Sci Inst, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Vrugt, J. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA.
[Fisher, J. B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Reich, P. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Reich, P. B.] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia.
RP Xu, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM xuchongang@gmail.com
RI Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012;
OI Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430; Wullschleger,
Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Xu, Chonggang/0000-0002-0937-5744; Fisher,
Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085
FU UC Lab Research Program [237285]; DOE Office of Science, Next Generation
Ecosystem Experiment (NGEE) programs in the arctic and in the tropics
FX This work is funded by UC Lab Research Program ( ID: 237285) and by the
DOE Office of Science, Next Generation Ecosystem Experiment (NGEE)
programs in the arctic and in the tropics. This submission is under
public release with the approved LA-UR-14-23309.
NR 104
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 2
BP 587
EP 606
DI 10.5194/gmd-9-587-2016
PG 20
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DN3AF
UT WOS:000376933700007
ER
PT J
AU Elshorbany, YF
Duncan, BN
Strode, SA
Wang, JS
Kouatchou, J
AF Elshorbany, Yasin F.
Duncan, Bryan N.
Strode, Sarah A.
Wang, James S.
Kouatchou, Jules
TI The description and validation of the computationally Efficient
CH4-CO-OH (ECCOHv1.01) chemistry module for 3-D model applications
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPOSPHERIC HYDROXYL RADICALS; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; BIOMASS
BURNING POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; INTERANNUAL
VARIABILITY; METHANE LIFETIME; OH; CLIMATE; SCIAMACHY
AB We present the Efficient CH4-CO-OH (ECCOH) chemistry module that allows for the simulation of the methane, carbon monoxide, and hydroxyl radical (CH4-CO-OH) system, within a chemistry climate model, carbon cycle model, or Earth system model. The computational efficiency of the module allows many multi-decadal sensitivity simulations of the CH4-CO-OH system, which primarily determines the global atmospheric oxidizing capacity. This capability is important for capturing the nonlinear feedbacks of the CH4-CO-OH system and understanding the perturbations to methane, CO, and OH, and the concomitant impacts on climate. We implemented the ECCOH chemistry module in the NASA GEOS-5 atmospheric global circulation model (AGCM), performed multiple sensitivity simulations of the CH4-CO-OH system over 2 decades, and evaluated the model output with surface and satellite data sets of methane and CO. The favorable comparison of output from the ECCOH chemistry module (as configured in the GEOS-5 AGCM) with observations demonstrates the fidelity of the module for use in scientific research.
C1 [Elshorbany, Yasin F.; Duncan, Bryan N.; Strode, Sarah A.; Wang, James S.; Kouatchou, Jules] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Elshorbany, Yasin F.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Strode, Sarah A.; Wang, James S.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA.
[Kouatchou, Jules] Science Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
RP Elshorbany, YF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.; Elshorbany, YF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM yasin.f.elshorbany@nasa.gov
RI Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012;
OI Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Elshorbany, Yasin/0000-0001-8883-3522
FU NASA
FX This work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction
and Interdisciplinary Science programs. We would like to thank the
SCIAMACHY WFM-DOAS team at the University of Bremen IUP/IFE for using
their methane L3 product as well as the TES/MLS Aura team for using
their L2 CO product, and Stephen Montzka (NOAA) for providing
MCF-inferred OH deviations for comparison. MOPITT CO column data were
obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data
Center. We would also like to thank Stacey Frith for providing the
output of the GEOS-5 CCM full chemistry simulations. Earlier model
development of the ECCOH chemistry module by Elena Yegorova is
appreciated. Useful discussions with Prabir Patra (RIGC/JAMSTEC),
Huisheng Bian, Junhua Liu, and Jerald Ziemke (NASA GSFC), as well as
technical support from Michael Manyin, Yasuko Yoshida, and Eric Nielsen
(NASA GSFC), are gratefully acknowledged.
NR 77
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 2
BP 799
EP 822
DI 10.5194/gmd-9-799-2016
PG 24
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DN3AF
UT WOS:000376933700018
ER
PT J
AU Adhikari, S
Ivins, ER
Larour, E
AF Adhikari, Surendra
Ivins, Erik R.
Larour, Eric
TI ISSM-SESAWv1.0: mesh-based computation of gravitationally consistent
sea-level and geodetic signatures caused by cryosphere and climate
driven mass change
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID GLACIAL-ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT; TIME-VARIABLE GRAVITY; GREENLAND
ICE-SHEET; WEST ANTARCTICA; RECONCILED ESTIMATE; EXPERIMENT GRACE;
SOLID-EARTH; MODEL; RISE; BALANCE
AB A classical Green's function approach for computing gravitationally consistent sea-level variations associated with mass redistribution on the earth's surface employed in contemporary sea-level models naturally suits the spectral methods for numerical evaluation. The capability of these methods to resolve high wave number features such as small glaciers is limited by the need for large numbers of pixels and high-degree (associated Legendre) series truncation. Incorporating a spectral model into (components of) earth system models that generally operate on a mesh system also requires repetitive forward and inverse transforms. In order to overcome these limitations, we present a method that functions efficiently on an unstructured mesh, thus capturing the physics operating at kilometer scale yet capable of simulating geophysical observables that are inherently of global scale with minimal computational cost. The goal of the current version of this model is to provide high-resolution solidearth, gravitational, sea-level and rotational responses for earth system models operating in the domain of the earth's outer fluid envelope on timescales less than about 1 century when viscous effects can largely be ignored over most of the globe. The model has numerous important geophysical applications. For example, we compute time-varying computations of global geodetic and sea-level signatures associated with recent ice-sheet changes that are derived from space gravimetry observations. We also demonstrate the capability of our model to simultaneously resolve kilometer-scale sources of the earth's time-varying surface mass transport, derived from high-resolution modeling of polar ice sheets, and predict the corresponding local and global geodetic signatures.
C1 [Adhikari, Surendra; Ivins, Erik R.; Larour, Eric] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Adhikari, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM surendra.adhikari@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Ivins, Erik/C-2416-2011
FU Cryosphere Program; Earth Surface and Interior Focus Area; NASA
FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and funded through both the
Cryosphere Program and the Earth Surface and Interior Focus Area as part
of the GRACE Science Team and NASA Sea-level Change Team efforts.
Support for S. Adhikari is through a fellowship from the NASA
Post-Doctoral Program. Conversations with Jianli Chen, Richard Gross,
Mathieu Morlighem, and Mike Watkins are acknowledged.
NR 92
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 3
BP 1087
EP 1109
DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1087-2016
PG 23
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DN3AQ
UT WOS:000376934900010
ER
PT J
AU Lynch, P
Reid, JS
Westphal, DL
Zhang, JL
Hogan, TF
Hyer, EJ
Curtis, CA
Hegg, DA
Shi, YX
Campbell, JR
Rubin, JI
Sessions, WR
Turk, FJ
Walker, AL
AF Lynch, Peng
Reid, Jeffrey S.
Westphal, Douglas L.
Zhang, Jianglong
Hogan, Timothy F.
Hyer, Edward J.
Curtis, Cynthia A.
Hegg, Dean A.
Shi, Yingxi
Campbell, James R.
Rubin, Juli I.
Sessions, Walter R.
Turk, F. Joseph
Walker, Annette L.
TI An 11-year global gridded aerosol optical thickness reanalysis (v1.0)
for atmospheric and climate sciences
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; BIOMASS BURNING PARTICLES; MARINE
BOUNDARY-LAYER; MINERAL DUST AEROSOL; AIR-POLLUTION MODEL;
DATA-ASSIMILATION; MARITIME CONTINENT; TRANSPORT MODEL; TEMPORAL
RESOLUTION; CLOUD CONTAMINATION
AB While stand alone satellite and model aerosol products see wide utilization, there is a significant need in numerous atmospheric and climate applications for a fused product on a regular grid. Aerosol data assimilation is an operational reality at numerous centers, and like meteorological reanalyses, aerosol reanalyses will see significant use in the near future. Here we present a standardized 2003-2013 global 1 x 1 degrees and 6-hourly modal aerosol optical thickness (AOT) reanalysis product. This data set can be applied to basic and applied Earth system science studies of significant aerosol events, aerosol impacts on numerical weather prediction, and electro-optical propagation and sensor performance, among other uses. This paper describes the science of how to develop and score an aerosol reanalysis product. This reanalysis utilizes a modified Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) at its core and assimilates quality controlled retrievals of AOT from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua and the Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) on Terra. The aerosol source functions, including dust and smoke, were regionally tuned to obtain the best match between the model fine-and coarse-mode AOTs and the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) AOTs. Other model processes, including deposition, were tuned to minimize the AOT difference between the model and satellite AOT. Aerosol wet deposition in the tropics is driven with satellite-retrieved precipitation, rather than the model field. The final reanalyzed fine-and coarse-mode AOT at 550 nm is shown to have good agreement with AERONET observations, with global mean root mean square error around 0.1 for both fine-and coarse-mode AOTs. This paper includes a discussion of issues particular to aerosol reanalyses that make them distinct from standard meteorological reanalyses, considerations for extending such a reanalysis outside of the NASA A-Train era, and examples of how the aerosol reanalysis can be applied or fused with other model or remote sensing products. Finally, the reanalysis is evaluated in comparison with other available studies of aerosol trends, and the implications of this comparison are discussed.
C1 [Lynch, Peng; Sessions, Walter R.] Comp Sci Corp Govt Solut LLC, Monterey, CA 93940 USA.
[Reid, Jeffrey S.; Westphal, Douglas L.; Hogan, Timothy F.; Hyer, Edward J.; Curtis, Cynthia A.; Campbell, James R.; Walker, Annette L.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA.
[Shi, Yingxi] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA.
[Hegg, Dean A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Rubin, Juli I.] Natl Res Council Postdoctoral Res Associate, Monterey, CA USA.
[Sessions, Walter R.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA.
[Turk, F. Joseph] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Lynch, P (reprint author), Comp Sci Corp Govt Solut LLC, Monterey, CA 93940 USA.
EM peng.lynch.ctr@nrlmry.navy.mil
RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Reid,
Jeffrey/B-7633-2014
OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026;
Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955
FU Office of Naval Research [322, 35]; NASA Interdisciplinary Science
Program; NRL Base Program
FX The development of the NAAPS reanalysis was an outcome of the needs of
multiple projects, and largely supported by the Office of Naval Research
code 322 and the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. Additional
support was provided by the NRL Base Program and the Office of Naval
Research 35. The development team is grateful to the effort of the
operational NASA-MODIS and MISR aerosol teams for the development and
implementation of their level two products. We are likewise grateful to
the NASA land team for the development of their fire products. The NASA
Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data are key to verifying models such
as the NAAPS reanalysis and the use of this federated network's data is
gratefully acknowledged.
NR 141
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 4
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 4
BP 1489
EP 1522
DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1489-2016
PG 34
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DN3BC
UT WOS:000376936200011
ER
PT J
AU Philip, S
Martin, RV
Keller, CA
AF Philip, Sajeev
Martin, Randall V.
Keller, Christoph A.
TI Sensitivity of chemistry-transport model simulations to the duration of
chemical and transport operators: a case study with GEOS-Chem v10-01
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SALT AEROSOLS; UNITED-STATES; GRID RESOLUTION; TROPOSPHERIC
CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; DRY DEPOSITION; NORTH-AMERICA;
SMVGEAR-II; OZONE; IMPACT
AB Chemistry-transport models involve considerable computational expense. Fine temporal resolution offers accuracy at the expense of computation time. Assessment is needed of the sensitivity of simulation accuracy to the duration of chemical and transport operators. We conduct a series of simulations with the GEOS-Chem chemistry-transport model at different temporal and spatial resolutions to examine the sensitivity of simulated atmospheric composition to operator duration. Subsequently, we compare the species simulated with operator durations from 10 to 60 min as typically used by global chemistry-transport models, and identify the operator durations that optimize both computational expense and simulation accuracy. We find that longer continuous transport operator duration increases concentrations of emitted species such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide since a more homogeneous distribution reduces loss through chemical reactions and dry deposition. The increased concentrations of ozone precursors increase ozone production with longer transport operator duration. Longer chemical operator duration decreases sulfate and ammonium but increases nitrate due to feedbacks with in-cloud sulfur dioxide oxidation and aerosol thermodynamics. The simulation duration decreases by up to a factor of 5 from fine (5 min) to coarse (60 min) operator duration. We assess the change in simulation accuracy with resolution by comparing the root mean square difference in ground-level concentrations of nitrogen oxides, secondary inorganic aerosols, ozone and carbon monoxide with a finer temporal or spatial resolution taken as "truth". Relative simulation error for these species increases by more than a factor of 5 from the shortest (5 min) to longest (60 min) operator duration. Chemical operator duration twice that of the transport operator duration offers more simulation accuracy per unit computation. However, the relative simulation error from coarser spatial resolution generally exceeds that from longer operator duration; e.g., degrading from 2 degrees x 2.5 degrees to 4 degrees x 5 degrees increases error by an order of magnitude. We recommend prioritizing fine spatial resolution before considering different operator durations in offline chemistry-transport models. We encourage chemistry-transport model users to specify in publications the durations of operators due to their effects on simulation accuracy.
C1 [Philip, Sajeev; Martin, Randall V.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.
[Martin, Randall V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Keller, Christoph A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Keller, Christoph A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, GESTAR, NASA, GMAO, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Philip, S (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.
EM sj207331@dal.ca
RI Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014
OI Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402;
FU National Science and Engineering Research Council, Canada; Atlantic
Computational Excellence Network
FX We thank Colette Heald, Daniel Jacob and Patrick Kim for useful comments
at the early stages of this research. We are grateful to three anonymous
reviewers for helpful comments. This work was supported by the National
Science and Engineering Research Council, Canada, and the Atlantic
Computational Excellence Network (http://www.ace-net.ca/).
NR 81
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 5
BP 1683
EP 1695
DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1683-2016
PG 13
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DN3BR
UT WOS:000376937800003
ER
PT J
AU Hu, ZY
Zhao, C
Huang, JP
Leung, LR
Qian, Y
Yu, HB
Huang, L
Kalashnikova, OV
AF Hu, Zhiyuan
Zhao, Chun
Huang, Jianping
Leung, L. Ruby
Qian, Yun
Yu, Hongbin
Huang, Lei
Kalashnikova, Olga V.
TI Trans-Pacific transport and evolution of aerosols: evaluation of
quasi-global WRF-Chem simulation with multiple observations
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID CALIPSO LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DUST MASS-BALANCE;
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NORTH-AMERICA; MINERAL DUST; BLACK CARBON;
AIR-POLLUTION; INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER
AB A fully coupled meteorology-chemistry model (WRF-Chem, the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry) has been configured to conduct quasi-global simulation for 5 years (2010-2014) and evaluated with multiple observation data sets for the first time. The evaluation focuses on the simulation over the trans-Pacific transport region using various reanalysis and observational data sets for meteorological fields and aerosol properties. The simulation generally captures the overall spatial and seasonal variability of satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) and absorbing AOD (AAOD) over the Pacific that is determined by the outflow of pollutants and dust and the emissions of marine aerosols. The assessment of simulated extinction Angstrom exponent (EAE) indicates that the model generally reproduces the variability of aerosol size distributions as seen by satellites. In addition, the vertical profile of aerosol extinction and its seasonality over the Pacific are also well simulated. The difference between the simulation and satellite retrievals can be mainly attributed to model biases in estimating marine aerosol emissions as well as the satellite sampling and retrieval uncertainties. Compared with the surface measurements over the western USA, the model reasonably simulates the observed magnitude and seasonality of dust, sulfate, and nitrate surface concentrations, but significantly underestimates the peak surface concentrations of carbonaceous aerosol likely due to model biases in the spatial and temporal variability of biomass burning emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production. A sensitivity simulation shows that the trans-Pacific transported dust, sulfate, and nitrate can make significant contribution to surface concentrations over the rural areas of the western USA, while the peaks of carbonaceous aerosol surface concentrations are dominated by the North American emissions. Both the retrievals and simulation show small interannual variability of aerosol characteristics for 2010-2014 averaged over three Pacific sub-regions. The evaluation in this study demonstrates that the WRF-Chem quasi-global simulation can be used for investigating trans-Pacific transport of aerosols and providing reasonable inflow chemical boundaries for the western USA, allowing one to further understand the impact of transported pollutants on the regional air quality and climate with high-resolution nested regional modeling.
C1 [Hu, Zhiyuan; Huang, Jianping] Lanzhou Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China.
[Hu, Zhiyuan; Zhao, Chun; Leung, L. Ruby; Qian, Yun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Yu, Hongbin] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Yu, Hongbin] NASA, Div Earth Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Huang, Lei; Kalashnikova, Olga V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Huang, Lei; Kalashnikova, Olga V.] NASA, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Zhao, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM chun.zhao@pnnl.gov
RI Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008; qian, yun/E-1845-2011
OI Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575;
FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the
Regional & Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) program; National Basic
Research Program of China [2012CB955301]; NASA CALIPSO project
[NNX14AB21G]; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830]
FX This research was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Regional & Global Climate
Modeling (RGCM) program. Jianping Huang acknowledges support from the
National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB955301). Hongbin Yu was
supported by NASA CALIPSO project (NNX14AB21G) managed by David
Considine. This study used computing resources from the PNNL
Institutional Computing. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is
operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the DOE under contract
DE-AC05-76RL01830. The CALIPSO data were obtained from the NASA Langley
Research Center Atmospheric Sciences Data Center. MODIS and MISR data
were obtained from the NASA Atmospheric Science Data Center. OMI data
were obtained from the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information
Services Center.
NR 132
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 12
U2 18
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 5
BP 1725
EP 1746
DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1725-2016
PG 22
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DN3BR
UT WOS:000376937800005
ER
PT J
AU Seferian, R
Gehlen, M
Bopp, L
Resplandy, L
Orr, JC
Marti, O
Dunne, JP
Christian, JR
Doney, SC
Ilyina, T
Lindsay, K
Halloran, PR
Heinze, C
Segschneider, J
Tjiputra, J
Aumont, O
Romanou, A
AF Seferian, Roland
Gehlen, Marion
Bopp, Laurent
Resplandy, Laure
Orr, James C.
Marti, Olivier
Dunne, John P.
Christian, James R.
Doney, Scott C.
Ilyina, Tatiana
Lindsay, Keith
Halloran, Paul R.
Heinze, Christoph
Segschneider, Joachim
Tjiputra, Jerry
Aumont, Olivier
Romanou, Anastasia
TI Inconsistent strategies to spin up models in CMIP5: implications for
ocean biogeochemical model performance assessment
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CARBON-CYCLE FEEDBACKS;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL OCEAN; SKILL ASSESSMENT; ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON;
TROPICAL PACIFIC; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; SEA-ICE
AB During the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5) substantial efforts were made to systematically assess the skill of Earth system models. One goal was to check how realistically representative marine biogeochemical tracer distributions could be reproduced by models. In routine assessments model historical hind-casts were compared with available modern biogeochemical observations. However, these assessments considered neither how close modeled biogeochemical reservoirs were to equilibrium nor the sensitivity of model performance to initial conditions or to the spin-up protocols. Here, we explore how the large diversity in spin-up protocols used for marine biogeochemistry in CMIP5 Earth system models (ESMs) contributes to model-to-model differences in the simulated fields. We take advantage of a 500-year spin-up simulation of IPSL-CM5A-LR to quantify the influence of the spin-up protocol on model ability to reproduce relevant data fields. Amplification of biases in selected biogeochemical fields (O-2, NO3, Alk-DIC) is assessed as a function of spin-up duration. We demonstrate that a relationship between spin-up duration and assessment metrics emerges from our model results and holds when confronted with a larger ensemble of CMIP5 models. This shows that drift has implications for performance assessment in addition to possibly aliasing estimates of climate change impact. Our study suggests that differences in spin-up protocols could explain a substantial part of model disparities, constituting a source of model-to-model uncertainty. This requires more attention in future model intercomparison exercises in order to provide quantitatively more correct ESM results on marine biogeochemistry and carbon cycle feedbacks.
C1 [Seferian, Roland] Meteo France CNRS, CNRM, 42 Ave Gaspard Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse, France.
[Gehlen, Marion; Bopp, Laurent; Resplandy, Laure; Orr, James C.; Marti, Olivier] CEA Saclay, IPSL, LSCE, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Resplandy, Laure] UCSD, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA.
[Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Christian, James R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada.
[Christian, James R.] Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada.
[Doney, Scott C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Ilyina, Tatiana] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
[Lindsay, Keith] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Halloran, Paul R.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England.
[Halloran, Paul R.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway.
[Heinze, Christoph; Tjiputra, Jerry] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Uni Res Climate, Bergen, Norway.
[Segschneider, Joachim] Univ Kiel, Dept Geosci, Kiel, Germany.
[Aumont, Olivier] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS IRD MNHN, LOCEAN IPSL Lab, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
[Romanou, Anastasia] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Math & Phys, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Romanou, Anastasia] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA.
RP Seferian, R (reprint author), Meteo France CNRS, CNRM, 42 Ave Gaspard Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse, France.
EM rseferian.cnrm@gmail.com
RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010;
OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Orr, James/0000-0002-8707-7080
FU H2020 project CRESCENDO "Coordinated Research in Earth Systems and
Climate: Experiments, kNowledge, Dissemination and Outreach" - European
Union [641816]; EU FP7 - European community's Seventh Framework
Programme [264879]; Research Council of Norway [239965/F20]; project EVA
- Earth system modelling of climate variations in the Anthropocene -
Research Council of Norway [229771/E10]; NOTUR project [NN2345K];
NorStore project [NS2345K]; National Science Foundation
FX We sincerely thank I. Kriest, F. Joos, the anonymous reviewer and A.
Yool for their useful comments on this paper. This work was supported by
H2020 project CRESCENDO "Coordinated Research in Earth Systems and
Climate: Experiments, kNowledge, Dissemination and Outreach", which
received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and
innovation programme under grant agreement no. 641816 and by the EU FP7
project CARBOCHANGE "Changes in carbon uptake and emissions by oceans in
a changing climate" which received funding from the European community's
Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 264879.
Supercomputing time was provided by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de
Calcul Intensif) at CCRT (Centre de Calcul Recherche et Technologie),
allocation 016178. Finally, we are grateful to the ESGF project which
makes data available for all the community. Roland Seferian is grateful
to Aurelien Ribes for his kind advices on statistics. Jerry Tjiputra
acknowledges ORGANIC project (239965/F20) funded by the Research Council
of Norway. Christoph Heinze and Jerry Tjiputra are grateful for support
through project EVA - Earth system modelling of climate variations in
the Anthropocene (229771/E10) funded by the Research Council of Norway,
as well as CPU-time and mass storage provided through NOTUR project
NN2345K as well as NorStore project NS2345K. Keith Lindsay and Scott C.
Doney acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation.
NR 134
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 5
BP 1827
EP 1851
DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1827-2016
PG 25
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DN3BR
UT WOS:000376937800008
ER
PT J
AU Lu, CH
da Silva, A
Wang, J
Moorthi, S
Chin, M
Colarco, P
Tang, YH
Bhattacharjee, PS
Chen, SP
Chuang, HY
Juang, HMH
McQueen, J
Iredell, M
AF Lu, Cheng-Hsuan
da Silva, Arlindo
Wang, Jun
Moorthi, Shrinivas
Chin, Mian
Colarco, Peter
Tang, Youhua
Bhattacharjee, Partha S.
Chen, Shen-Po
Chuang, Hui-Ya
Juang, Hann-Ming Henry
McQueen, Jeffery
Iredell, Mark
TI The implementation of NEMS GFS Aerosol Component (NGAC) Version 1.0 for
global dust forecasting at NOAA/NCEP
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID SUN PHOTOMETER MEASUREMENTS; REGIONAL AIR-QUALITY; GOCART MODEL;
ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; CLIMATE MODEL; MINERAL DUST;
ACE-ASIA; POLLUTION; TRANSPORT
AB The NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) implemented the NOAA Environmental Modeling System (NEMS) Global Forecast System (GFS) Aerosol Component (NGAC) for global dust forecasting in collaboration with NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). NGAC Version 1.0 has been providing 5-day dust forecasts at 1 degrees x 1 degrees resolution on a global scale, once per day at 00: 00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), since September 2012. This is the first global system capable of interactive atmosphere aerosol forecasting at NCEP. The implementation of NGAC V1.0 reflects an effective and efficient transitioning of NASA research advances to NCEP operations, paving the way for NCEP to provide global aerosol products serving a wide range of stakeholders, as well as to allow the effects of aerosols on weather forecasts and climate prediction to be considered.
C1 [Lu, Cheng-Hsuan; Chen, Shen-Po] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
[Lu, Cheng-Hsuan; Wang, Jun; Bhattacharjee, Partha S.] IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA, NWS Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA.
[da Silva, Arlindo; Chin, Mian; Colarco, Peter] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Moorthi, Shrinivas; Chuang, Hui-Ya; Juang, Hann-Ming Henry; McQueen, Jeffery; Iredell, Mark] NOAA, NWS Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA.
[Tang, Youhua] NOAA, OAR Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA.
RP Lu, CH (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA.; Lu, CH (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA, NWS Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA.
EM sarah.lu@noaa.gov
RI Bhattacharjee, Partha/B-1620-2009; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Colarco,
Peter/D-8637-2012
OI Bhattacharjee, Partha/0000-0003-1117-0649; Colarco,
Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662
FU NASA Applied Science Program; NOAA-NASA-DOD Joint Center for Satellite
Data Assimilation
FX The NGAC project has been supported by NASA Applied Science Program and
NOAA-NASA-DOD Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation. The authors
thank the principal investigators of the AERONET sites (Didier Tanre for
Cape Verde, Dakar, and Banizoumbou, Rachel Pinker for Ilorin, Brent
Holben for La Parguera, and Arnon Karnieli for Sede Boker) for the
efforts in establishing and maintaining AERONET sites. Brent Holben
leads the AERONET program and provided access to near-real-time L1.5
data set. The authors also appreciate the multi-model ensemble work done
by the NRL (for ICAP) and BSC (for WMO SDS-WAS NA-ME-E Regional Center).
The lead author C.-H. Lu is grateful for technical help and/or
scientific input from her NCEP EMC colleagues, Wei-Yu Yang, Perry
Shafran, Ho-Chun Huang, and Yuqiu Zhu. She also thanks her NCEP NCO
colleagues for transitioning pre-operational NGAC V1.0 system into NCEP
production, including Simon Hsiao, Xiaoxue Wang, Christine Caruso Magee,
Jeff Ator, Boi Vuong, Rebecca Cosgrove and Daniel Starosta. The
pre-implementation evaluation by Walter Sessions, Nick Nalli, Andy
Harris, Craig Long, Gary Votaw, and Jeral Estupinan is also greatly
appreciated.
NR 68
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 5
BP 1905
EP 1919
DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1905-2016
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DN3BR
UT WOS:000376937800011
ER
PT J
AU Minchew, B
Simons, M
Bjornsson, H
Palsson, F
Morlighem, M
Seroussi, H
Larour, E
Hensley, S
AF Minchew, Brent
Simons, Mark
Bjornsson, Helgi
Palsson, Finnur
Morlighem, Mathieu
Seroussi, Helene
Larour, Eric
Hensley, Scott
TI Plastic bed beneath Hofsjokull Ice Cap, central Iceland, and the
sensitivity of ice flow to surface meltwater flux
SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Glaciology; surface velocity; basal mechanics; basal plasticity; basal
hydrology
ID SUBGLACIAL WATER-PRESSURE; WEST ANTARCTICA; STREAM-B; BASAL CONDITIONS;
SHEET MOTION; GLACIER; DRAINAGE; MELT; VELOCITY; INSTABILITY
AB The mechanical properties of glacier beds play a fundamental role in regulating the sensitivity of glaciers to environmental forcing across a wide range of timescales. Glaciers are commonly underlain by deformable till whose mechanical properties and influence on ice flow are not well understood but are critical for reliable projections of future glacier states. Using synoptic-scale observations of glacier motion in different seasons to constrain numerical ice flow models, we study the mechanics of the bed beneath Hofsjokull, a land-terminating ice cap in central Iceland. Our results indicate that the bed deforms plastically and weakens following incipient summertime surface melt. Combining the inferred basal shear traction fields with a Coulomb-plastic bed model, we estimate the spatially distributed effective basal water pressure and show that changes in basal water pressure and glacier accelerations are non-local and non-linear. These results motivate an idealized physical model relating mean basal water pressure and basal slip rate wherein the sensitivity of glacier flow to changes in basal water pressure is inversely related to the ice surface slope.
C1 [Minchew, Brent; Simons, Mark] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Bjornsson, Helgi; Palsson, Finnur] Univ Iceland, Inst Earth Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland.
[Morlighem, Mathieu] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA.
[Seroussi, Helene; Larour, Eric; Hensley, Scott] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Minchew, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM bminchew@caltech.edu
FU NASA Crysopherice Sciences Program [NNX14AH80G]; NASA Earth and Space
Sciences Fellowship; Achievement Rewards for College Students (ARCS)
fellowship
FX The authors benefited from discussions with R. Arthern, H. Gudmundsson,
I. Hewitt, J.-P. Ampuero, T. Johannesson, and T. van Boeckel. We thank
Y. Lou, B. Hawkins, Y. Zheng, and the UAVSAR crew for assistance with
InSAR data collection and processing, T. Johannesson, on behalf of the
Icelandic Meteorological Office, provided the Hofsjokull DEM. This
research was conducted at the California Institute of Technology and the
University of Iceland with funding provided by the NASA Crysopherice
Sciences Program (Award NNX14AH80G). B. M. was partially funded by a
NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship and an Achievement Rewards for
College Students (ARCS) fellowship. InSAR data are freely available from
the Alaska Satellite Facility via the UAVSAR website
(http://uavsar.jpl.nasa.gov).
NR 68
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 4
U2 9
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 0022-1430
EI 1727-5652
J9 J GLACIOL
JI J. Glaciol.
PY 2016
VL 62
IS 231
BP 147
EP 158
DI 10.1017/jog.2016.26
PG 12
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA DN1PR
UT WOS:000376838400014
ER
PT S
AU Zedef, V
Russell, M
AF Zedef, Veysel
Russell, Michael
BE Aslan, I
Bayrak, Y
Akdemir, AO
Ekinci, A
Polat, K
Dadasoglu, F
Turkoglu, EA
TI Some Characteristics of Hirsizdere Sedimentary Magnesite Deposits,
Denizli, SW Turkey
SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES:
ICANAS 2016
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences
(ICANAS)
CY APR 21-23, 2016
CL Antalya, TURKEY
ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; VEIN-STOCKWORK; HYDROMAGNESITE; GEOCHEMISTRY; GENESIS;
LIFE; MARS; ORIGIN; ANALOG; ROCKS
AB Approximately 8 % of Turkey is covered by ultramafic rocks which host economically important deposits of magnesite, chromite and olivine. Magnesite deposits are of three types: (1) Massive or crystalline, (2) Cryptocrystalline and (3) Sedimentary. Cryptocrystalline and sedimentary type magnesite deposits are widespread all over Turkey although the massive type deposits are seemingly absent. In this study, we examined the sedimentary magnesite deposits of Hirsizdere, located in the province of Denizli, SW Turkey. The deposits formed as five beds within an ultramafic environment. The thickness of the magnesite beds can reach up to 4 meters and may be traced up to 3 km from west to east. The deposit comprises half a million tons of magnesite with some associated dolomite.
C1 [Zedef, Veysel] Selcuk Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Min Engn, TR-42003 Konya, Turkey.
[Russell, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Zedef, V (reprint author), Selcuk Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Min Engn, TR-42003 Konya, Turkey.
EM vzedef@selcuk.edu.tr
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1373-3
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2016
VL 1726
AR 020115
DI 10.1063/1.4945941
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BE7XC
UT WOS:000376001000115
ER
PT S
AU Zedef, V
Russell, M
AF Zedef, Veysel
Russell, Michael
BE Aslan, I
Bayrak, Y
Akdemir, AO
Ekinci, A
Polat, K
Dadasoglu, F
Turkoglu, EA
TI Rare Earth Element Content of Cryptocrystalline Magnesites of Konya,
Turkey
SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES:
ICANAS 2016
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences
(ICANAS)
CY APR 21-23, 2016
CL Antalya, TURKEY
AB We examined the rare earth element content of several cryptocrystalline magnesites as well as hydromagnesite, host rock serpentinites, lake water and hot spring water from Turkey. Southwestern Turkey hosts cryptocrystalline magnesites, sedimentary magnesites with presently forming, biologically mediated hydromagnesites and travertines. Our results show the REE content of the minerals, rocks and waters are well below detection limits. One hydromagnesite sample from Lake Salda has slightly high La (2.38ppb), Ce (3.91 ppb) and Nd (1.68 ppb) when compared to other samples, but these are also still below detection limits of the method we followed.
C1 [Zedef, Veysel] Selcuk Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Min Engn, TR-42003 Konya, Turkey.
[Russell, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Zedef, V (reprint author), Selcuk Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Min Engn, TR-42003 Konya, Turkey.
EM vzedef@selcuk.edu.tr
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1373-3
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2016
VL 1726
AR 020116
DI 10.1063/1.4945942
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BE7XC
UT WOS:000376001000116
ER
PT J
AU Sutliff, DL
Walker, BE
AF Sutliff, Daniel L.
Walker, Bruce E.
TI Artificial noise systems for parametric studies of turbo-machinery
aero-acoustics
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROACOUSTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Turbo-machinery aero-acoustics; duct propagation; far-field acoustics;
artificial sources
AB The study of turbo-machinery aero-acoustics encompasses source generation, duct propagation, and radiation to the far field for the purposes of physical understanding, evaluation, and noise reduction. Further, the acoustics subset can be divided into overall, broadband, or tone emphasis. Ultimately, assessments on full-scale turbofans are required. However, for isolating specific effects, or for costs reasons, it is useful to test models. These models may be scaled versions of turbofan components depending on the physical process of interest. The advantage of using models is the lower cost allows for a wider range of conditions to be studied. Even so, the cost of manufacturing and testing scale model fans in mid-technology readiness level can be limiting. A potentially useful supplement to turbo-machinery aero-acoustics studies is the use of artificial sources to generate acoustic signatures. The advantage is that a wide range of signatures can be quickly and efficiently studied, particularly useful for noise reduction concepts, or validating prediction methodologies that are sensitive to variations in geometry or acoustic signature. A disadvantage is the lack of the ability to study source generation. This trade-off must be considered carefully when deciding on the usefulness of utilizing fan artificial noise sources for the study of turbo-machinery aero-acoustics. This paper presents two test articles that have contributed to turbo-machinery aero-acoustics studies. One is a 48 in. diameter duct (nominally full-scale) generating acoustic signatures in the audible range; the second is a 6 in. diameter duct (nominally scaled) generating acoustic signatures in the ultrasonic range.
C1 [Sutliff, Daniel L.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44212 USA.
[Walker, Bruce E.] Channel Islands Acoust, Camarillo, CA USA.
RP Sutliff, DL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44212 USA.
EM Daniel.L.Sutliff@nasa.gov
FU NASA Vehicle Systems Integration program/Environmentally Responsible
Aircraft project; Fundamental Aeronautics/Subsonic Fixed Wing program
FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for
the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work
was supported by the NASA Vehicle Systems Integration
program/Environmentally Responsible Aircraft project and the Fundamental
Aeronautics/Subsonic Fixed Wing program.
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 1475-472X
EI 2048-4003
J9 INT J AEROACOUST
JI Int. J. Aeroacoust.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2016
VL 15
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 103
EP 130
DI 10.1177/1475472X16630851
PG 28
WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics
SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics
GA DM4FO
UT WOS:000376302200006
ER
PT J
AU Gaultier, L
Ubelmann, C
Fu, LL
AF Gaultier, Lucile
Ubelmann, Clement
Fu, Lee-Lueng
TI The Challenge of Using Future SWOT Data for Oceanic Field Reconstruction
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE; ALTIMETER; TOPOGRAPHY; DYNAMICS
AB Conventional altimetry measures a one-dimensional profile of sea surface height (SSH) along the satellite track. Two-dimensional SSH can be reconstructed using mapping techniques; however, the spatial resolution is quite coarse even when data from several altimeters are analyzed. A new satellite mission based on radar interferometry is scheduled to be launched in 2020. This mission, called Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT), will measure SSH at high resolution along a wide swath, thus providing two-dimensional images of the ocean surface topography. This new capability will provide a large amount of data even though they are contaminated with instrument noise and geophysical errors. This paper presents a tool that simulates synthetic observations of SSH from the future SWOT mission using SSH from any ocean general circulation model (OGCM). SWOT-like data have been generated from a high-resolution model and analyzed to investigate the sampling and accuracy characteristics of the future SWOT data. This tool will help explore new ideas and methods for optimizing the retrieval of information from future SWOT missions.
C1 [Gaultier, Lucile; Ubelmann, Clement; Fu, Lee-Lueng] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 300-314C, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Gaultier, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 300-314C, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM lucile.m.gaultier@jpl.nasa.gov
FU SWOT project
FX The research presented in the paper was carried out at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Support
from the SWOT project is acknowledged.
NR 15
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
EI 1520-0426
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 33
IS 1
BP 119
EP 126
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0160.1
PG 8
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DM3JQ
UT WOS:000376243100008
ER
PT J
AU Zaron, ED
DeCarvalho, R
AF Zaron, Edward D.
DeCarvalho, Robert
TI Identification and Reduction of Retracker-Related Noise in
Altimeter-Derived Sea Surface Height Measurements
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GRAVITY-FIELD RECOVERY; RADAR ALTIMETER; STATE BIAS; WAVE-FORMS;
JASON-1; TOPEX; PERFORMANCE; LEVEL
AB Data from the Jason-2 calibration/validation mission phase have been analyzed to identify the correlation between sea surface height (SSH) and significant wave height (SWH) errors. A cross-spectral analysis indicates that the SSH and SWH errors are nearly white and significantly correlated at scales from 12 to 100 km, consistent with the hypothesized error source, the waveform retracker. Because of the scale separation between the SWH signal and noise, it is possible to correct the SSH data by removing the SSH noise correlated with the SWH noise. Such a correction has been implemented using the empirical correlation found during the Jason-2 calibration orbit phase and applied to independent data from other phases of the Jason-1 mission. The efficacy of the correction varies geographically, but variance reductions between 1.6 and 2.2 cm 2 have been obtained, corresponding to reductions of 20%-27% in the noise floor of along-track spectra. The corrections are obtained from and applied to conventional, 1 Hz, altimetry data and lead to improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio for identification of high-frequency narrowband processes-for example, internal tides-from these data.
C1 [Zaron, Edward D.] Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA.
[DeCarvalho, Robert] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[DeCarvalho, Robert] Ambition Inc, Chattanooga, TN USA.
RP Zaron, ED (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA.
EM ezaron@pdx.edu
FU National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Academic Research Program (NARP)
project "Improving Coastal Marine Gravity"
FX This project was supported by the National Geospatial-Intelligence
Agency Academic Research Program (NARP) project "Improving Coastal
Marine Gravity." The authors would like to acknowledge the important
contribution of Dr. Douglas Vandemark, who suggested the cross-spectral
analysis of SSH and SWH after reviewing an early version of this
manuscript.
NR 30
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
EI 1520-0426
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 33
IS 1
BP 201
EP 210
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0164.1
PG 10
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DM3JQ
UT WOS:000376243100014
ER
PT S
AU Gange, G
Navas, JA
Schachte, P
Sondergaard, H
Stuckey, PJ
AF Gange, Graeme
Navas, Jorge A.
Schachte, Peter
Sondergaard, Harald
Stuckey, Peter J.
BE Jobstmann, B
Leino, KRM
TI An Abstract Domain of Uninterpreted Functions
SO VERIFICATION, MODEL CHECKING, AND ABSTRACT INTERPRETATION, VMCAI 2016
SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 17th International Conference on Verification, Model Checking, and
Abstract Interpretation (VMCAI)
CY JAN 17-19, 2016
CL St Petersburg, FL
SP Facebook, Microsoft Res
AB We revisit relational static analysis of numeric variables. Such analyses face two difficulties. First, even inexpensive relational domains scale too poorly to be practical for large code-bases. Second, to remain tractable they have extremely coarse handling of non-linear relations. In this paper, we introduce the subterm domain, a weakly relational abstract domain for inferring equivalences amongst sub-expressions, based on the theory of uninterpreted functions. This provides an extremely cheap approach for enriching non-relational domains with relational information, and enhances precision of both relational and non-relational domains in the presence of non-linear operations. We evaluate the idea in the context of the software verification tool SeaHorn.
C1 [Gange, Graeme; Schachte, Peter; Sondergaard, Harald; Stuckey, Peter J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Comp & Informat Syst, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
[Navas, Jorge A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Gange, G (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Comp & Informat Syst, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
EM gkgange@unimelb.edu.au; jorge.a.navaslaserna@nasa.gov;
schachte@unimelb.edu.au; harald@unimelb.edu.au; pstuckey@unimelb.edu.au
OI Gange, Graeme/0000-0002-1354-431X; Sondergaard,
Harald/0000-0002-2352-1883
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG
PI CHAM
PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-662-49122-5; 978-3-662-49121-8
J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC
PY 2016
VL 9583
BP 85
EP 103
DI 10.1007/978-3-662-49122-5_4
PG 19
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic
SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA BE7EG
UT WOS:000375148800004
ER
PT S
AU Hillery, B
Mercer, E
Rungta, N
Person, S
AF Hillery, Benjamin
Mercer, Eric
Rungta, Neha
Person, Suzette
BE Jobstmann, B
Leino, KRM
TI Exact Heap Summaries for Symbolic Execution
SO VERIFICATION, MODEL CHECKING, AND ABSTRACT INTERPRETATION, VMCAI 2016
SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 17th International Conference on Verification, Model Checking, and
Abstract Interpretation (VMCAI)
CY JAN 17-19, 2016
CL St Petersburg, FL
SP Facebook, Microsoft Res
DE Symbolic execution; Symbolic references; Constraint-based reasoning
ID SEPARATION LOGIC; TEST-GENERATION; MODEL CHECKING; STATE
AB A recent trend in the analysis of object-oriented programs is the modeling of references as sets of guarded values, enabling multiple heap shapes to be represented in a single state. A fundamental problem with using these guarded value sets is the inability to generate test inputs in a manner similar to symbolic execution based analyses. Although several solutions have been proposed, none have been proven to be sound and complete with respect to the heap properties provable by generalized symbolic execution (GSE). This work presents a method for initializing input references in a symbolic input heap using guarded value sets that exactly preserves GSE semantics. A correctness proof for the initialization scheme is provided with a proof-of-concept implementation. Results from an empirical evaluation on a common set of GSE data structure benchmarks show an increase in the size and number of analyzed heaps over existing GSE representations. The initialization technique can be used to ensure that guarded value set based symbolic execution engines operate in a provably correct manner with regards to symbolic references as well as provide the ability to generate concrete heaps that serve as test inputs to the program.
C1 [Hillery, Benjamin; Mercer, Eric] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
[Rungta, Neha] NASA Ames, Mountain View, CA USA.
[Person, Suzette] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA.
RP Hillery, B (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
EM ben.hillery@byu.edu
NR 36
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG
PI CHAM
PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-662-49122-5; 978-3-662-49121-8
J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC
PY 2016
VL 9583
BP 206
EP 225
DI 10.1007/978-3-662-49122-5_10
PG 20
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic
SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA BE7EG
UT WOS:000375148800010
ER
PT S
AU Holzmann, GJ
AF Holzmann, Gerard J.
BE Jobstmann, B
Leino, KRM
TI Cloud-Based Verification of Concurrent Software
SO VERIFICATION, MODEL CHECKING, AND ABSTRACT INTERPRETATION, VMCAI 2016
SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 17th International Conference on Verification, Model Checking, and
Abstract Interpretation (VMCAI)
CY JAN 17-19, 2016
CL St Petersburg, FL
SP Facebook, Microsoft Res
DE Software verification; Logic model checking; Software testing;
Concurrency; Multi-threaded code; Cloud computing; Swarm verification;
Massive parallelism
AB Logic model checkers are unparalleled in their ability to reveal subtle bugs in multi-threaded software systems. The underlying verification procedure is based on a systematic search of potentially faulty system behaviors, which can be computationally expensive for larger problem sizes. In this paper we consider if it is possible to significantly reduce the runtime requirements of a verification with cloud computing techniques. We explore the use of large numbers of CPU-cores, that each perform small, fast, independent, and randomly different searches to achieve the same problem coverage as a much slower stand-alone run on a single CPU. We present empirical results to demonstrate what is achievable.
C1 [Holzmann, Gerard J.] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Holzmann, GJ (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM gh@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG
PI CHAM
PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-662-49122-5; 978-3-662-49121-8
J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC
PY 2016
VL 9583
BP 311
EP 327
DI 10.1007/978-3-662-49122-5_15
PG 17
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic
SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA BE7EG
UT WOS:000375148800015
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, ZB
Meyer, K
Yu, HB
Platnick, S
Colarco, P
Liu, ZY
Oreopoulos, L
AF Zhang, Zhibo
Meyer, Kerry
Yu, Hongbin
Platnick, Steven
Colarco, Peter
Liu, Zhaoyan
Oreopoulos, Lazaros
TI Shortwave direct radiative effects of above-cloud aerosols over global
oceans derived from 8 years of CALIOP and MODIS observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VERTICAL FEATURE MASK; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ABSORBING AEROSOLS; SAFARI
2000; A-TRAIN; SOUTHERN AFRICA; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; DIURNAL CYCLE; DUST
AEROSOLS; SATELLITE
AB In this paper, we studied the frequency of occurrence and shortwave direct radiative effects (DREs) of above-cloud aerosols (ACAs) over global oceans using 8 years (2007-2014) of collocated CALIOP and MODIS observations. Similar to previous work, we found high ACA occurrence in four regions: southeastern (SE) Atlantic region, where ACAs are mostly light-absorbing aerosols, i.e., smoke and polluted dust according to CALIOP classification, originating from biomass burning over the African Savanna; tropical northeastern (TNE) Atlantic and the Arabian Sea, where ACAs are predominantly windblown dust from the Sahara and Arabian deserts, respectively; and the northwestern (NW) Pacific, where ACAs are mostly transported smoke and polluted dusts from Asian. From radiative transfer simulations based on CALIOP-MODIS observations and a set of the preselected aerosol optical models, we found the DREs of ACAs at the top of atmosphere (TOA) to be positive (i.e., warming) in the SE Atlantic and NW Pacific regions, but negative (i.e., cooling) in the TNE Atlantic Ocean and the Arabian Sea. The cancellation of positive and negative regional DREs results in a global ocean annual mean diurnally averaged cloudy-sky DRE of 0.015aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) (range of -0.03 to 0.06aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2)) at TOA. The DREs at surface and within the atmosphere are -0.15aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) (range of -0.09 to -0.21aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2)), and 0.17aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) (range of 0.11 to 0.24aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2)), respectively. The regional and seasonal mean DREs are much stronger. For example, in the SE Atlantic region, the JJA (July-August) seasonal mean cloudy-sky DRE is about 0.7aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) (range of 0.2 to 1.2aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2)) at TOA. All our DRE computations are publicly available(1). The uncertainty in our DRE computations is mainly caused by the uncertainties in the aerosol optical properties, in particular aerosol absorption, the uncertainties in the CALIOP operational aerosol optical thickness retrieval, and the ignorance of cloud and potential aerosol diurnal cycle. In situ and remotely sensed measurements of ACA from future field campaigns and satellite missions and improved lidar retrieval algorithm, in particular vertical feature masking, would help reduce the uncertainty.
C1 [Zhang, Zhibo] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD USA.
[Zhang, Zhibo] UMBC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol JCET, Baltimore, MD USA.
[Meyer, Kerry; Yu, Hongbin; Platnick, Steven; Colarco, Peter; Oreopoulos, Lazaros] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Meyer, Kerry] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Columbia, MD USA.
[Yu, Hongbin] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Liu, Zhaoyan] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc SSAI, Lanham, MD USA.
[Liu, Zhaoyan] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Zhang, ZB (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD USA.; Zhang, ZB (reprint author), UMBC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol JCET, Baltimore, MD USA.
EM zhibo.zhang@umbc.edu
RI Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008; Oreopoulos,
Lazaros/E-5868-2012; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016; Colarco,
Peter/D-8637-2012
OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575;
Oreopoulos, Lazaros/0000-0001-6061-6905; Meyer,
Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200; Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662
FU NASA [NNX14AI35G]; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA CloudSat;
CALIPSO Science Team grant [NNH14CK44C]; NASA CALIPSO/CloudSat project
[NNX14AB21G]; U.S. National Science Foundation through the MRI program
[CNS-0821258, CNS-1228778]; SCREMS program [DMS-0821311]; UMBC
FX Z. Zhang is supported by NASA grant NNX14AI35G managed by Dr. Ming-Ying
Wei. K. Meyer acknowledges support by the NASA Radiation Sciences
Program, and by funding from NASA CloudSat and CALIPSO Science Team
grant (NNH14CK44C) managed by Dr. David Considine. H. Yu was supported
by the NASA CALIPSO/CloudSat project (NNX14AB21G) managed by Dr. David
Considine. The computations in this study were performed on UMBC High
Performance Computing Facility (HPCF). The facility is supported by the
U.S. National Science Foundation through the MRI program (grant nos.
CNS-0821258 and CNS-1228778) and the SCREMS program (grant no.
DMS-0821311), with additional substantial support from UMBC.
NR 67
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 6
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 5
BP 2877
EP 2900
DI 10.5194/acp-16-2877-2016
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DK1VD
UT WOS:000374702000010
ER
PT J
AU Nakajima, H
Wohltmann, I
Wegner, T
Takeda, M
Pitts, MC
Poole, LR
Lehmann, R
Santee, ML
Rex, M
AF Nakajima, Hideaki
Wohltmann, Ingo
Wegner, Tobias
Takeda, Masanori
Pitts, Michael C.
Poole, Lamont R.
Lehmann, Ralph
Santee, Michelle L.
Rex, Markus
TI Polar stratospheric cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by
CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NITRIC-ACID TRIHYDRATE; OZONE DEPLETION; SULFURIC-ACID; REACTIVE UPTAKE;
WINTER; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; NAT; UNCERTAINTIES; SIMULATION
AB We examined observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) by CALIPSO, and of HCl and ClO by MLS along air mass trajectories, to investigate the dependence of the inferred PSC composition on the temperature history of the air parcels and the dependence of the level of chlorine activation on PSC composition. Several case studies based on individual trajectories from the Arctic winter 2009/2010 were conducted, with the trajectories chosen such that the first processing of the air mass by PSCs in this winter occurred on the trajectory. Transitions of PSC composition classes were observed to be highly dependent on the temperature history. In cases of a gradual temperature decrease, nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and super-cooled ternary solution (STS) mixture clouds were observed. In cases of rapid temperature decrease, STS clouds were first observed, followed by NAT/STS mixture clouds. When temperatures dropped below the frost point, ice clouds formed and then transformed into NAT/STS mixture clouds when temperature increased above the frost point. The threshold temperature for rapid chlorine activation on PSCs is approximately 4aEuro-K below the NAT existence temperature, T-NAT. Furthermore, simulations of the ATLAS chemistry and transport box model along the trajectories were used to corroborate the measurements and show good agreement with the observations. Rapid chlorine activation was observed when an air mass encountered PSCs. Usually, chlorine activation was limited by the amount of available ClONO2. Where ClONO2 was not the limiting factor, a large dependence on temperature was evident.
C1 [Nakajima, Hideaki] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan.
[Nakajima, Hideaki; Wohltmann, Ingo; Lehmann, Ralph; Rex, Markus] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
[Wegner, Tobias; Pitts, Michael C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Takeda, Masanori] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan.
[Poole, Lamont R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Santee, Michelle L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Nakajima, Hideaki] Govt Japan, Cabinet Off, Council Sci Technol & Innovat, Tokyo 1008914, Japan.
RP Nakajima, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan.; Nakajima, H (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.; Nakajima, H (reprint author), Govt Japan, Cabinet Off, Council Sci Technol & Innovat, Tokyo 1008914, Japan.
EM nakajima@nies.go.jp
RI Rex, Markus/A-6054-2009; Wohltmann, Ingo/C-1301-2010
OI Rex, Markus/0000-0001-7847-8221; Wohltmann, Ingo/0000-0003-4606-6788
FU NASA
FX We acknowledge European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
(ECMWF) for providing us with the ERA-Interim reanalysis data. We also
acknowledge Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory (Code 614) of
Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) for providing the MERRA annual minimum temperature
to produce Fig. 1. One of the authors (HN) appreciates the warm
hospitality given by all the members of Alfred Wegener Institute for
Polar and Marine Research at Potsdam, Germany when he was staying there
for half a year as a sabbatical visit. Work at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was done under contract
with NASA.
NR 40
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 5
BP 3311
EP 3325
DI 10.5194/acp-16-3311-2016
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DK1VD
UT WOS:000374702000034
ER
PT J
AU Chirkov, M
Stiller, GP
Laeng, A
Kellmann, S
von Clarmann, T
Boone, CD
Elkins, JW
Engel, A
Glatthor, N
Grabowski, U
Harth, CM
Kiefer, M
Kolonjari, F
Krummel, PB
Linden, A
Lunder, CR
Miller, BR
Montzka, SA
Muhle, J
O'Doherty, S
Orphal, J
Prinn, RG
Toon, G
Vollmer, MK
Walker, KA
Weiss, RF
Wiegele, A
Young, D
AF Chirkov, M.
Stiller, G. P.
Laeng, A.
Kellmann, S.
von Clarmann, T.
Boone, C. D.
Elkins, J. W.
Engel, A.
Glatthor, N.
Grabowski, U.
Harth, C. M.
Kiefer, M.
Kolonjari, F.
Krummel, P. B.
Linden, A.
Lunder, C. R.
Miller, B. R.
Montzka, S. A.
Muhle, J.
O'Doherty, S.
Orphal, J.
Prinn, R. G.
Toon, G.
Vollmer, M. K.
Walker, K. A.
Weiss, R. F.
Wiegele, A.
Young, D.
TI Global HCFC-22 measurements with MIPAS: retrieval, validation, global
distribution and its evolution over 2005-2012
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LIMB EMISSION-SPECTRA; EXTRATROPICAL LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; MOLECULAR
SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING MIPAS; MICHELSON
INTERFEROMETER; SEASONAL CYCLES; NITROUS-OXIDE; TEMPERATURE; CHLORINE;
GASES
AB We report on HCFC-22 data acquired by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) in the reduced spectral resolution nominal observation mode. The data cover the period from January 2005 to April 2012 and the altitude range from the upper troposphere (above cloud top altitude) to about 50 km. The profile retrieval was performed by constrained nonlinear least squares fitting of modelled spectra to the measured limb spectral radiances. The spectral nu(4)-band at 816.5 +/- 13 cm(-1) was used for the retrieval. A Tikhonov-type smoothing constraint was applied to stabilise the retrieval. In the lower stratosphere, we find a global volume mixing ratio of HCFC-22 of about 185 pptv in January 2005. The rate of linear growth in the lower latitudes lower stratosphere was about 6 to 7aEuro-pptvaEuro-year(-1) in the period 2005-2012. The profiles obtained were compared with ACE-FTS satellite data v3.5, as well as with MkIV balloon profiles and cryosampler balloon measurements. Between 13 and 22 km, average agreement within -3 to +5 pptv (MIPAS - ACE) with ACE-FTS v3.5 profiles is demonstrated. Agreement with MkIV solar occultation balloon-borne measurements is within 10-20 pptv below 30 km and worse above, while in situ cryosampler balloon measurements are systematically lower over their full altitude range by 15-50 pptv below 24 km and less than 10 pptv above 28 km. MIPAS HCFC-22 time series below 10 km altitude are shown to agree mostly well to corresponding time series of near-surface abundances from the NOAA/ESRL and AGAGE networks, although a more pronounced seasonal cycle is obvious in the satellite data. This is attributed to tropopause altitude fluctuations and subsidence of polar winter stratospheric air into the troposphere. A parametric model consisting of constant, linear, quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and several sine and cosine terms with different periods has been fitted to the temporal variation of stratospheric HCFC-22 for all 10A degrees-latitude/1-to-2-km-altitude bins. The relative linear variation was always positive, with relative increases of 40-70 % decade(-1) in the tropics and global lower stratosphere, and up to 120 % decade(-1) in the upper stratosphere of the northern polar region and the southern extratropical hemisphere. Asian HCFC-22 emissions have become the major source of global upper tropospheric HCFC-22. In the upper troposphere, monsoon air, rich in HCFC-22, is instantaneously mixed into the tropics. In the middle stratosphere, between 20 and 30 km, the observed trend is inconsistent with the trend at the surface (corrected for the age of stratospheric air), hinting at circulation changes. There exists a stronger positive trend in HCFC-22 in the Southern Hemisphere and a more muted positive trend in the Northern Hemisphere, implying a potential change in the stratospheric circulation over the observation period.
C1 [Chirkov, M.; Stiller, G. P.; Laeng, A.; Kellmann, S.; von Clarmann, T.; Glatthor, N.; Grabowski, U.; Kiefer, M.; Linden, A.; Orphal, J.; Wiegele, A.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Boone, C. D.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Elkins, J. W.; Miller, B. R.; Montzka, S. A.] NOAA, ESRL Climate Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Engel, A.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Expt Atmospher Res Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany.
[Harth, C. M.; Muhle, J.; Weiss, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Kolonjari, F.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Krummel, P. B.] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Vic, Australia.
[Lunder, C. R.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway.
[O'Doherty, S.; Young, D.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol, Avon, England.
[Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Toon, G.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Toon, G.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Vollmer, M. K.] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut & Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland.
RP Stiller, GP (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
EM gabriele.stiller@kit.edu
RI Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013;
OI Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Chirkov, Maksym/0000-0002-3196-7332;
Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Stiller,
Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873
FU NOAA Climate Program Office's AC4 program; NASA (USA); DECC (UK); NOAA
(USA); CSIRO; Bureau of Meteorology (Australia); FOEN; NILU (Norway);
SNU (Korea); CMA (China); NIES (Japan); Urbino University (Italy); NASA;
Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
of Canada; BMBF [50EE0901]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology
FX We acknowledge provision of MIPAS level-1b data by ESA. NOAA
measurements of HCFC-22 are made possible in part by funding from the
NOAA Climate Program Office's AC4 program. Standards, flask handling and
flask analysis at NOAA are provided with assistance from B. Hall, C.
Siso and D. Mondeel. AGAGE is supported principally by NASA (USA) grants
to MIT and SIO and also by the following: DECC (UK) and NOAA (USA)
grants to Bristol University; CSIRO and the Bureau of Meteorology
(Australia); FOEN grants to Empa (Switzerland); NILU (Norway); SNU
(Korea); CMA (China); NIES (Japan); and Urbino University (Italy). Part
of this research was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. We thank
the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility (CSBF) for performing the
launches of the JPL MkIV instrument. The Atmospheric Chemistry
Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly
supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council of Canada. Data analysis at IMK has been
supported by BMBF under contract number 50EE0901. The authors thank
three reviewers and the editor for their constructive as well as
critical comments that helped to improve the paper. We acknowledge
support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Open Access Publishing
Fund of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.
NR 77
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 5
BP 3345
EP 3368
DI 10.5194/acp-16-3345-2016
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DK1VD
UT WOS:000374702000036
ER
PT J
AU Kramer, M
Rolf, C
Luebke, A
Afchine, A
Spelten, N
Costa, A
Meyer, J
Zoger, M
Smith, J
Herman, RL
Buchholz, B
Ebert, V
Baumgardner, D
Borrmann, S
Klingebiel, M
Avallone, L
AF Kraemer, Martina
Rolf, Christian
Luebke, Anna
Afchine, Armin
Spelten, Nicole
Costa, Anja
Meyer, Jessica
Zoeger, Martin
Smith, Jessica
Herman, Robert L.
Buchholz, Bernhard
Ebert, Volker
Baumgardner, Darrel
Borrmann, Stephan
Klingebiel, Marcus
Avallone, Linnea
TI A microphysics guide to cirrus clouds - Part 1: Cirrus types
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER; HOMOGENEOUS ICE NUCLEATION; MIDLATITUDE
CIRRUS; IN-SITU; ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; CRYSTAL NUMBERS; MINERAL DUST;
WATER; PARAMETERIZATION; SPECTROMETER
AB The microphysical and radiative properties of cirrus clouds continue to be beyond understanding and thus still represent one of the largest uncertainties in the prediction of the Earth's climate (IPCC, 2013). Our study aims to provide a guide to cirrus microphysics, which is compiled from an extensive set of model simulations, covering the broad range of atmospheric conditions for cirrus formation and evolution. The model results are portrayed in the same parameter space as field measurements, i.e., in the Ice Water Content-Temperature (IWC-T) parameter space. We validate this cirrus analysis approach by evaluating cirrus data sets from 17 aircraft campaigns, conducted in the last 15 years, spending about 94 h in cirrus over Europe, Australia, Brazil as well as South and North America. Altogether, the approach of this study is to track cirrus IWC development with temperature by means of model simulations, compare with observations and then assign, to a certain degree, cirrus microphysics to the observations. Indeed, the field observations show characteristics expected from the simulated Cirrus Guide. For example, high (low) IWCs are found together with high (low) ice crystal concentrations N-ice.
An important finding from our study is the classification of two types of cirrus with differing formation mechanisms and microphysical properties: the first cirrus type forms directly as ice (in situ origin cirrus) and splits in two subclasses, depending on the prevailing strength of the updraft: in slow updrafts these cirrus are rather thin with lower IWCs, while in fast updrafts thicker cirrus with higher IWCs can form. The second type consists predominantly of thick cirrus originating from mixed phase clouds (i.e., via freezing of liquid droplets - liquid origin cirrus), which are completely glaciated while lifting to the cirrus formation temperature region (< 235 K). In the European field campaigns, slow updraft in situ origin cirrus occur frequently in low- and high-pressure systems, while fast updraft in situ cirrus appear in conjunction with jet streams or gravity waves. Also, liquid origin cirrus mostly related to warm conveyor belts are found. In the US and tropical campaigns, thick liquid origin cirrus which are formed in large convective systems are detected more frequently.
C1 [Kraemer, Martina; Rolf, Christian; Luebke, Anna; Afchine, Armin; Spelten, Nicole; Costa, Anja; Meyer, Jessica] Res Ctr Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res 7, Julich, Germany.
[Zoeger, Martin] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Flugexpt Mess & Sensortech, Wessling, Germany.
[Meyer, Jessica] Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Herman, Robert L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Buchholz, Bernhard; Ebert, Volker] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, Braunschweig, Germany.
[Baumgardner, Darrel] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
[Borrmann, Stephan; Klingebiel, Marcus] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, D-55122 Mainz, Germany.
[Borrmann, Stephan; Klingebiel, Marcus] Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany.
[Avallone, Linnea] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Atmospher & Geospace Sci, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA.
[Luebke, Anna] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Meyer, Jessica] Bundesanstalt Arbeitsschutz & Arbeitsmed, Unit Exposure Scenarios, Dortmund, Germany.
[Buchholz, Bernhard] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Klingebiel, Marcus] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
RP Kramer, M (reprint author), Res Ctr Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res 7, Julich, Germany.
EM m.kraemer@fz-juelich.de
RI Kramer, Martina/A-7482-2013; Rolf, Christian/K-5275-2016; Borrmann,
Stephan/E-3868-2010
OI Rolf, Christian/0000-0001-5329-0054;
FU DFG HALO-SPP project ACIS [KR 2957/1-1]
FX The authors thank the coordinators (listed below) and all teams which
were engaged in the field experiments compiled in the study presented
here. Progress in the challenging task to understand cirrus clouds and
their formation mechanism for most atmospheric conditions was only
possible due to the large effort flowing into all the experiments. We
also thank Paul Lawson for providing 2D-S data from the MACPEX campaign.
Funding is partly provided by the DFG HALO-SPP project ACIS (KR
2957/1-1). Campaign coordinators: APETHESEO 1999 (Bruno Carli and Kees
Blom), ENVISAT 2002 (Kees Blom), EUPLEX 2003 (Fred Stroh and Hans
Schlager), ENVISAT 2003 (Kees Blom), TROCCINOX 2005 (Ulrich Schumann and
Hans Schlager), SCOUT-O3 2005 (Cornelius Schiller), AMMA 2006: (Kathy
Law and Francesco Cairo), MidCix 2004 (Gerald Mace and Andy Heymsfield),
TC-4 2007 (Brian Toon), MACPEX 2011 (Eric Jensen and Gerald Mace),
COALESC 2011 (Phil Brown), AIRTOSS 2013 (Manfred Wendisch, Peter
Spichtinger and Stephan Borrmann), ML-CIRRUS 2014 (Christiane Voigt,
Andreas Minkin and Ulrich Schumann), ACRIDICON 2014 (Manfred Wendisch,
Uli Poschl, Meinrad Andreae and Luiz Machado), ATTREX 2014 (Eric Jensen
and Leonhard Pfister). Thanks to the authors of HG2G for inspiring the
title.
NR 61
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 12
U2 16
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 5
BP 3463
EP 3483
DI 10.5194/acp-16-3463-2016
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DK1VD
UT WOS:000374702000043
ER
PT J
AU Busilacchio, M
Di Carlo, P
Aruffo, E
Biancofiore, F
Salisburgo, CD
Giammaria, F
Bauguitte, S
Lee, J
Moller, S
Hopkins, J
Punjabi, S
Andrews, S
Lewis, AC
Parrington, M
Palmer, PI
Hyer, E
Wolfe, GM
AF Busilacchio, Marcella
Di Carlo, Piero
Aruffo, Eleonora
Biancofiore, Fabio
Salisburgo, Cesare Dari
Giammaria, Franco
Bauguitte, Stephane
Lee, James
Moller, Sarah
Hopkins, James
Punjabi, Shalini
Andrews, Stephen
Lewis, Alistair C.
Parrington, Mark
Palmer, Paul I.
Hyer, Edward
Wolfe, Glenn M.
TI Production of peroxy nitrates in boreal biomass burning plumes over
Canada during the BORTAS campaign
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE INSTRUMENT; HIGH
NORTHERN LATITUDES; FOREST-FIRES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ATMOSPHERIC
CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN-OXIDES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EMISSIONS; IMPACT
AB The observations collected during the BOReal forest fires on Tropospheric oxidants over the Atlantic using Aircraft and Satellites (BORTAS) campaign in summer 2011 over Canada are analysed to study the impact of forest fire emissions on the formation of ozone (O-3) and total peroxy nitrates aPNs, aROONO(2)). The suite of measurements on board the BAe-146 aircraft, deployed in this campaign, allows us to calculate the production of O-3 and of aPNs, a long-lived NOx reservoir whose concentration is supposed to be impacted by biomass burning emissions. In fire plumes, profiles of carbon monoxide (CO), which is a well-established tracer of pyrogenic emission, show concentration enhancements that are in strong correspondence with a significant increase of concentrations of aPNs, whereas minimal increase of the concentrations of O-3 and NO2 is observed. The aPN and O-3 productions have been calculated using the rate constants of the first- and second-order reactions of volatile organic compound (VOC) oxidation. The aPN and O-3 productions have also been quantified by 0-D model simulation based on the Master Chemical Mechanism. Both methods show that in fire plumes the average production of aPNs and O-3 are greater than in the background plumes, but the increase of aPN production is more pronounced than the O-3 production. The average aPN production in fire plumes is from 7 to 12 times greater than in the background, whereas the average O-3 production in fire plumes is from 2 to 5 times greater than in the background. These results suggest that, at least for boreal forest fires and for the measurements recorded during the BORTAS campaign, fire emissions impact both the oxidized NOy and O-3,O- but (1 aPN production is amplified significantly more than O-3 production and (2) in the forest fire plumes the ratio between the O-3 production and the aPN production is lower than the ratio evaluated in the background air masses, thus confirming that the role played by the aPNs produced during biomass burning is significant in the O-3 budget. The implication of these observations is that fire emissions in some cases, for example boreal forest fires and in the conditions reported here, may influence more long-lived precursors of O-3 than short-lived pollutants, which in turn can be transported and eventually diluted in a wide area.
C1 [Busilacchio, Marcella; Di Carlo, Piero; Aruffo, Eleonora; Biancofiore, Fabio; Salisburgo, Cesare Dari] Univ Aquila, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS, Via Vetoio, I-67100 Laquila, Italy.
[Di Carlo, Piero; Aruffo, Eleonora; Biancofiore, Fabio; Giammaria, Franco] Univ Aquila, Dept Phys & Chem Sci, I-67100 Laquila, Italy.
[Lee, James; Moller, Sarah; Hopkins, James; Punjabi, Shalini; Andrews, Stephen; Lewis, Alistair C.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Parrington, Mark; Palmer, Paul I.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Hyer, Edward] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA.
[Wolfe, Glenn M.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Wolfe, Glenn M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Parrington, Mark] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England.
RP Di Carlo, P (reprint author), Univ Aquila, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS, Via Vetoio, I-67100 Laquila, Italy.; Di Carlo, P (reprint author), Univ Aquila, Dept Phys & Chem Sci, I-67100 Laquila, Italy.
EM piero.dicarlo@aquila.infn.it
RI Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Di Carlo,
Piero/Q-4450-2016
OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Di Carlo, Piero/0000-0003-4971-4509
FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/F017391/1]; NERC
FX The BORTAS project was supported by the Natural Environment Research
Council (NERC) under grant number NE/F017391/1. Mark Parrington was
supported by the NERC grant. Paul I. Palmer acknowledges support from
his Philip Leverhulme Prize.
NR 56
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 4
U2 11
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 5
BP 3485
EP 3497
DI 10.5194/acp-16-3485-2016
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DK1VD
UT WOS:000374702000044
ER
PT J
AU Kristiansen, NI
Stohl, A
Olivie, DJL
Croft, B
Sovde, OA
Klein, H
Christoudias, T
Kunkel, D
Leadbetter, SJ
Lee, YH
Zhang, K
Tsigaridis, K
Bergman, T
Evangeliou, N
Wang, H
Ma, PL
Easter, RC
Rasch, PJ
Liu, X
Pitari, G
Di Genova, G
Zhao, SY
Balkanski, Y
Bauer, SE
Faluvegi, GS
Kokkola, H
Martin, RV
Pierce, JR
Schulz, M
Shindell, D
Tost, H
Zhang, H
AF Kristiansen, N. I.
Stohl, A.
Olivie, D. J. L.
Croft, B.
Sovde, O. A.
Klein, H.
Christoudias, T.
Kunkel, D.
Leadbetter, S. J.
Lee, Y. H.
Zhang, K.
Tsigaridis, K.
Bergman, T.
Evangeliou, N.
Wang, H.
Ma, P. -L.
Easter, R. C.
Rasch, P. J.
Liu, X.
Pitari, G.
Di Genova, G.
Zhao, S. Y.
Balkanski, Y.
Bauer, S. E.
Faluvegi, G. S.
Kokkola, H.
Martin, R. V.
Pierce, J. R.
Schulz, M.
Shindell, D.
Tost, H.
Zhang, H.
TI Evaluation of observed and modelled aerosol lifetimes using radioactive
tracers of opportunity and an ensemble of 19 global models
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NUCLEAR-POWER-PLANT; BLACK CARBON AEROSOL; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; CLIMATE
MODEL; TECHNICAL NOTE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS;
HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; WET DEPOSITION; SULFUR CYCLE
AB Aerosols have important impacts on air quality and climate, but the processes affecting their removal from the atmosphere are not fully understood and are poorly constrained by observations. This makes modelled aerosol lifetimes uncertain. In this study, we make use of an observational constraint on aerosol lifetimes provided by radionuclide measurements and investigate the causes of differences within a set of global models. During the Fukushima Dai-Ichi nuclear power plant accident of March 2011, the radioactive isotopes cesium-137 (Cs-137) and xenon-133 (Xe-133) were released in large quantities. Cesium attached to particles in the ambient air, approximately according to their available aerosol surface area. Cs-137 size distribution measurements taken close to the power plant suggested that accumulation-mode (AM) sulfate aerosols were the main carriers of cesium. Hence, Cs-137 can be used as a proxy tracer for the AM sulfate aerosol's fate in the atmosphere. In contrast, the noble gas Xe-133 behaves almost like a passive transport tracer. Global surface measurements of the two radioactive isotopes taken over several months after the release allow the derivation of a lifetime of the carrier aerosol. We compare this to the lifetimes simulated by 19 different atmospheric transport models initialized with identical emissions of Cs-137 that were assigned to an aerosol tracer with each model's default properties of AM sulfate, and Xe-133 emissions that were assigned to a passive tracer. We investigate to what extent the modelled sulfate tracer can reproduce the measurements, especially with respect to the observed loss of aerosol mass with time. Modelled Cs-137 and Xe-133 concentrations sampled at the same location and times as station measurements allow a direct comparison between measured and modelled aerosol lifetime. The e-folding lifetime tau(e), calculated from station measurement data taken between 2 and 9 weeks after the start of the emissions, is 14.3 days (95 % confidence interval 13.1-15.7 days). The equivalent modelled tau(e) lifetimes have a large spread, varying between 4.8 and 26.7 days with a model median of 9.4 +/- 2.3 days, indicating too fast a removal in most models. Because sufficient measurement data were only available from about 2 weeks after the release, the estimated lifetimes apply to aerosols that have undergone long-range transport, i.e. not for freshly emitted aerosol. However, modelled instantaneous lifetimes show that the initial removal in the first 2 weeks was quicker (lifetimes between 1 and 5 days) due to the emissions occurring at low altitudes and co-location of the fresh plume with strong precipitation. Deviations between measured and modelled aerosol lifetimes are largest for the northernmost stations and at later time periods, suggesting that models do not transport enough of the aerosol towards the Arctic. The models underestimate passive tracer (Xe-133) concentrations in the Arctic as well but to a smaller extent than for the aerosol (Cs-137) tracer. This indicates that in addition to too fast an aerosol removal in the models, errors in simulated atmospheric transport towards the Arctic in most models also contribute to the underestimation of the Arctic aerosol concentrations.
C1 [Kristiansen, N. I.; Stohl, A.] NILU Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway.
[Olivie, D. J. L.; Klein, H.; Schulz, M.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway.
[Croft, B.; Martin, R. V.; Pierce, J. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.
[Sovde, O. A.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo CICERO, Oslo, Norway.
[Christoudias, T.] Cyprus Inst, Nicosia, Cyprus.
[Kunkel, D.; Tost, H.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-55122 Mainz, Germany.
[Leadbetter, S. J.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Lee, Y. H.; Shindell, D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Zhang, K.; Wang, H.; Ma, P. -L.; Easter, R. C.; Rasch, P. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Tsigaridis, K.; Bauer, S. E.; Faluvegi, G. S.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA.
[Tsigaridis, K.; Bauer, S. E.; Faluvegi, G. S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Bergman, T.; Kokkola, H.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Kuopio, Finland.
[Evangeliou, N.; Balkanski, Y.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Liu, X.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Pitari, G.; Di Genova, G.] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy.
[Zhao, S. Y.; Zhang, H.] Chinese Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Lab Climate Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Pierce, J. R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Kristiansen, NI (reprint author), NILU Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway.
EM nik@nilu.no
RI Sovde Haslerud, Amund/H-2850-2016; Wang, Hailong/B-8061-2010; Ma,
Po-Lun/G-7129-2015; Pierce, Jeffrey/E-4681-2013; Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010;
Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Bergman, Tommi/C-2445-2009; Lee,
Yunha/Q-7222-2016; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Tost, Holger/C-3812-2017;
Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Kokkola, Harri/J-5993-2014; Martin,
Randall/C-1205-2014
OI Sovde Haslerud, Amund/0000-0002-3812-3837; Balkanski,
Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Wang, Hailong/0000-0002-1994-4402; Ma,
Po-Lun/0000-0003-3109-5316; Pierce, Jeffrey/0000-0002-4241-838X; Zhang,
Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Bergman,
Tommi/0000-0002-6133-2231; Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672; Liu,
Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Tost, Holger/0000-0002-3105-4306; Stohl,
Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Christoudias,
Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402
FU Norwegian Research Council [AeroCom-P3]; National Basic Research Program
of China [2011CB403405]; US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of
Science, Biological and Environmental Research; Academy of Finland
Centre of Excellence [272041]
FX We would like to thank all the scientists who produced the CTBTO
measurement data and made them available to us. The research leading to
these results has received partial funding from the Norwegian Research
Council under the NORKLIMA and KLIMAFORSK program (project
"AeroCom-P3"). H. Zhang and S. Y. Zhao are supported by the National
Basic Research Program of China (grant no.: 2011CB403405). H. Wang, R.
C. Easter, P.-L. Ma, and P. J. Rasch acknowledge support from the US
Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and
Environmental Research as part of the Earth System Modeling Program. T.
Bergman and H. Kokkola were supported by the Academy of Finland Centre
of Excellence (project no. 272041). The ECHAM-HAMMOZ model is developed
by a consortium composed of ETH Zurich, Max Planck Institut fur
Meteorologie, Forschungszentrum Julich, University of Oxford, the
Finnish Meteorological Institute, and the Leibniz Institute for
Tropospheric Research, and managed by the Center for Climate Systems
Modeling (C2SM) at ETH Zurich. The GISS model group acknowledges
resources supporting this work, provided by the NASA High-End Computing
(HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at
the Goddard Space Flight Center.
NR 84
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 6
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 5
BP 3525
EP 3561
DI 10.5194/acp-16-3525-2016
PG 37
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DK1VD
UT WOS:000374702000046
ER
PT J
AU Nuth, JA
Johnson, NM
Ferguson, FT
Rietmeijer, FJM
Hill, HGM
AF Nuth, Joseph A., III
Johnson, Natasha M.
Ferguson, Frank T.
Rietmeijer, Frans J. M.
Hill, Hugh G. M.
TI Great new insights from failed experiments, unanticipated results and
embracing controversial observations
SO CHEMIE DER ERDE-GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Review
DE Oxygen isotopes; Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; Crystalline silicates;
Transport processes in the solar nebula; Single domain iron grains
ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; PRIMITIVE SOLAR NEBULA; MAGNETICALLY
ENHANCED COAGULATION; DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; SILICATE EMISSION
FEATURE; SMALL IRON GRAINS; CIRCUMSTELLAR OUTFLOWS; CRYSTALLINE
SILICATES; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; VAPOR-PRESSURE
AB Experimental data and observations, whether telescopic or analytical, are never wrong, though data derived from such sources can be misinterpreted or applied inappropriately to derive conclusions that are incorrect. Given that nature always behaves according to the laws of physics and chemistry, rather than according to currently popular models and theories, experimental results should always be considered correct even when the results are far from those that one might initially expect. We discuss a number of cases where the results of experiments, even one carried out as a simple calibration measure, produced wildly different results that generally required many years of effort or contemplation to understand. On the positive side, exploration of the circumstances that produced the "errant" results often led to new and interesting insights concerning processes that might occur in natural environments and that were well worth the effort involved.
Specifically, we show how an experiment that "failed" due to a broken conductor led to experiments that made the first refractory oxide solids containing mass independently fractionated oxygen isotopes and to 1998 predictions of the oxygen isotopic composition of the sun that were confirmed by the analysis of Genesis samples in 2011. We describe a calibration experiment that unexpectedly produced single magnetic domain iron particles. We discuss how tracking down a persistent source of "contamination" in experiments intended to produce amorphous iron and magnesium silicate smokes led to a series of studies on the synthesis of carbonaceous grain coatings that turn out to be very efficient Fischer-Tropsch catalysts and have great potential for trapping the planetary noble gases found in meteorites. We describe how models predicting the instability of silicate grains in circumstellar environments spurred new measurements of the vapor pressure of SiO partially based on previous experiments showing unexpected but systematic non-equilibrium behavior instead of the anticipated equilibrium products resembling meteoritic minerals. We trace the process that led from observations of the presence of crystalline minerals detected in the comae of some comets to the 1999 prediction of large-scale circulation of materials from the hot, innermost regions of the solar nebula out to the cold dark,nebular environments where comets form. This large-scale circulation was ultimately confirmed by analyses of highly refractory Stardust samples collected from the Kuiper Belt Comet Wild 2. Finally we discuss a modern and still unresolved conflict between the assumptions built into three well known processes: the CO Self Shielding Model for mass independent isotopic fractionation of oxygen in solar system solids, rapid and thorough mixing within the solar nebula, and the efficient conversion of CO into organic coatings and volatiles on the surfaces of nebular grains via Fischer-Tropsch-type processes. Published by Elsevier GmbH.
C1 [Nuth, Joseph A., III] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Code 690, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Johnson, Natasha M.; Ferguson, Frank T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Ferguson, Frank T.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Rietmeijer, Frans J. M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Hill, Hugh G. M.] Int Space Univ, Strasbourg Cent Campus, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France.
RP Nuth, JA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Code 690, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM joseph.a.nuth@nasa.gov
OI Ferguson, Frank/0000-0002-9395-3825
FU NASA's Laboratory Astrophysics, Cosmochemistry and Exobiology RSA
programs; Goddard Center for Astrobiology; NASA Astrobiology Virtual
Institute
FX JAN gratefully acknowledges support received over many years from NASA's
Laboratory Astrophysics, Cosmochemistry and Exobiology RSA programs as
well as support received from the Goddard Center for Astrobiology and
the NASA Astrobiology Virtual Institute. NMJ would like to thank the NRC
postdoctoral program for the opportunity to become involved in this
wide-ranging research effort. We thank Associate Editor Klaus Keil for
soliciting and handling this paper. We would like to thank Reviewer 1,
who understood what we were trying to accomplish, for constructive
criticisms and suggestions and for pointing us towards the Asimov quote.
We would also like to thank Reviewer 2 for sarcastic comments which
nevertheless were quite useful in pinpointing phrases in the manuscript
that required additional clarification.
NR 72
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 7
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG
PI JENA
PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY
SN 0009-2819
EI 1611-5864
J9 CHEM ERDE-GEOCHEM
JI Chem Erde-Geochem.
PY 2016
VL 76
IS 1
BP 1
EP 12
DI 10.1016/j.chemer.2015.09.002
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA DM2ZL
UT WOS:000376216500001
ER
PT J
AU Haywood, AM
Dowsett, HJ
Dolan, AM
Rowley, D
Abe-Ouchi, A
Otto-Bliesner, B
Chandler, MA
Hunter, SJ
Lunt, DJ
Pound, M
Salzmann, U
AF Haywood, Alan M.
Dowsett, Harry J.
Dolan, Aisling M.
Rowley, David
Abe-Ouchi, Ayako
Otto-Bliesner, Bette
Chandler, Mark A.
Hunter, Stephen J.
Lunt, Daniel J.
Pound, Matthew
Salzmann, Ulrich
TI The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) Phase 2: scientific
objectives and experimental design
SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST
LA English
DT Article
ID ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MID-PLIOCENE; WARM PERIOD;
POLAR AMPLIFICATION; CLIMATE FEEDBACKS; RECONSTRUCTION; SIMULATIONS;
ENSEMBLE; PLISMIP
AB The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) is a co-ordinated international climate modelling initiative to study and understand climate and environments of the Late Pliocene, as well as their potential relevance in the context of future climate change. PlioMIP examines the consistency of model predictions in simulating Pliocene climate and their ability to reproduce climate signals preserved by geological climate archives. Here we provide a description of the aim and objectives of the next phase of the model intercomparison project (PlioMIP Phase 2), and we present the experimental design and boundary conditions that will be utilized for climate model experiments in Phase 2.
Following on from PlioMIP Phase 1, Phase 2 will continue to be a mechanism for sampling structural uncertainty within climate models. However, Phase 1 demonstrated the requirement to better understand boundary condition uncertainties as well as uncertainty in the methodologies used for data-model comparison. Therefore, our strategy for Phase 2 is to utilize state-of-the-art boundary conditions that have emerged over the last 5 years. These include a new palaeogeographic reconstruction, detailing ocean bathymetry and land-ice surface topography. The ice surface topography is built upon the lessons learned from offline ice sheet modelling studies. Land surface cover has been enhanced by recent additions of Pliocene soils and lakes. Atmospheric reconstructions of palaeo-CO2 are emerging on orbital timescales, and these are also incorporated into PlioMIP Phase 2. New records of surface and sea surface temperature change are being produced that will be more temporally consistent with the boundary conditions and forcings used within models.
Finally we have designed a suite of prioritized experiments that tackle issues surrounding the basic understanding of the Pliocene and its relevance in the context of future climate change in a discrete way.
C1 [Haywood, Alan M.; Dolan, Aisling M.; Hunter, Stephen J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, MS 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Rowley, David] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Abe-Ouchi, Ayako] Univ Tokyo, CCSR, Tokyo, Japan.
[Otto-Bliesner, Bette] CGD NCAR, CCR, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Chandler, Mark A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Lunt, Daniel J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Univ Rd, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England.
[Pound, Matthew; Salzmann, Ulrich] Northumbria Univ, Fac Engn & Environm, Dept Geog, Ellison Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England.
RP Dolan, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
EM a.m.dolan@leeds.ac.uk
OI Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/0000-0003-1745-5952; Pound,
Matthew/0000-0001-8029-9548; Dolan, Aisling/0000-0002-9585-9648; Rowley,
David/0000-0001-9767-9029; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524
FU European Research Council under the European Union [278636];
EPSRC-supported Past Earth Network; Natural Environment Research Council
(NERC) [NE/I016287/1, NE/G009112/1, NE/H006273/1]; US National Science
Foundation; NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program (NASA)
[NNX14AB99A]; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA
Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center
FX A. M. Haywood, A. M. Dolan and S. J. Hunter acknowledge that the
research leading to these results has received funding from the European
Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme
(FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 278636, as well as the
EPSRC-supported Past Earth Network. U. Salzmann, A. M. Haywood and M. J.
Pound acknowledge funding received from the Natural Environment Research
Council (NERC Grant NE/I016287/1). A. M. Haywood and D. J. Lunt
acknowledge funding received from the Natural Environment Research
Council (NERC Grant NE/G009112/1). D. J. Lunt acknowledges NERC grant
NE/H006273/1. H. J. Dowsett recognizes the continued support of the
United States Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and
Development Program. B. L. Otto-Bliesner recognizes the continued
support of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is
sponsored by the US National Science Foundation. M. A. Chandler is
supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program (NASA
Grant NNX14AB99A) and the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through
the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight
Center.
NR 43
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 4
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1814-9324
EI 1814-9332
J9 CLIM PAST
JI Clim. Past.
PY 2016
VL 12
IS 3
BP 663
EP 675
DI 10.5194/cp-12-663-2016
PG 13
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DM0YP
UT WOS:000376072300005
ER
PT J
AU Colose, CM
LeGrande, AN
Vuille, M
AF Colose, Christopher M.
LeGrande, Allegra N.
Vuille, Mathias
TI The influence of volcanic eruptions on the climate of tropical South
America during the last millennium in an isotope-enabled general
circulation model
SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST
LA English
DT Article
ID MOUNT-PINATUBO ERUPTION; PAST 1000 YEARS; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ICE
CORES; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; FORCING RECONSTRUCTIONS; GLOBAL
PRECIPITATION; PMIP SIMULATIONS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SUMMER MONSOON
AB Currently, little is known on how volcanic eruptions impact large-scale climate phenomena such as South American paleo-Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) position and summer monsoon behavior. In this paper, an analysis of observations and model simulations is employed to assess the influence of large volcanic eruptions on the climate of tropical South America. This problem is first considered for historically recent volcanic episodes for which more observations are available but where fewer events exist and the confounding effects of El Nifio Southern Oscillation (ENSO) lead to inconclusive interpretation of the impact of volcanic eruptions at the continental scale. Therefore, we also examine a greater number of reconstructed volcanic events for the period 850 CE to present that are incorporated into the NASA GISS ModelE2-R simulation of the last millennium.
An advantage of this model is its ability to explicitly track water isotopologues throughout the hydrologic cycle and simulating the isotopic imprint following a large eruption. This effectively removes a degree of uncertainty associated with error-prone conversion of isotopic signals into climate variables, and allows for a direct comparison between GISS simulations and paleoclimate proxy records.
Our analysis reveals that both precipitation and oxygen isotope variability respond with a distinct seasonal and spatial structure across tropical South America following an eruption. During austral winter, the heavy oxygen isotope in precipitation is enriched, likely due to reduced moisture convergence in the ITCZ domain and reduced rainfall over northern South America. During austral summer, however, more negative values of the precipitation isotopic composition are simulated over Amazonia, despite reductions in rainfall, suggesting that the isotopic response is not a simple function of the "amount effect". During the South American monsoon season, the amplitude of the temperature response to volcanic forcing is larger than the rather weak and spatially less coherent precipitation signal, complicating the isotopic response to changes in the hydrologic cycle.
C1 [Colose, Christopher M.; Vuille, Mathias] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
[LeGrande, Allegra N.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
RP Colose, CM (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
EM ccolose@albany.edu
OI Vuille, Mathias/0000-0002-9736-4518
FU NOAA [C2D2 NA10OAR4310126]; NSF [AGS-1003690, AGS-1303828]
FX This study was funded by NOAA C2D2 NA10OAR4310126 and NSF awards
AGS-1003690 and AGS-1303828. We would like to thank NASA GISS for
institutional support, the editor, Valerie Masson-Delmotte, for handling
the review process of our paper, and Raphael Neukom and an anonymous
reviewer for the constructive comments that helped improve the
manuscript. Computing resources supporting this work were provided by
the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for
Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. GPCP/GPCC data
provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their
website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/.
NR 118
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 13
U2 17
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1814-9324
EI 1814-9332
J9 CLIM PAST
JI Clim. Past.
PY 2016
VL 12
IS 4
BP 961
EP 979
DI 10.5194/op-12-961-2016
PG 19
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DM0YX
UT WOS:000376073100010
ER
PT J
AU Akcay, C
Daughton, W
Lukin, VS
Liu, YH
AF Akcay, Cihan
Daughton, William
Lukin, Vyacheslav S.
Liu, Yi-Hsin
TI A two-fluid study of oblique tearing modes in a force-free current sheet
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID COLLISIONLESS MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; SWARTHMORE SPHEROMAK EXPERIMENT;
ENERGETIC PARTICLES; EARTHS MAGNETOPAUSE; FIELD; INSTABILITIES; PLASMAS
AB Kinetic simulations have demonstrated that three-dimensional reconnection in collisionless regimes proceeds through the formation and interaction of magnetic flux ropes, which are generated due to the growth of tearing instabilities at multiple resonance surfaces. Since kinetic simulations are intrinsically expensive, it is desirable to explore the feasibility of reduced two-fluid models to capture this complex evolution, particularly, in the strong guide field regime, where two-fluid models are better justified. With this goal in mind, this paper compares the evolution of the collisionless tearing instability in a force-free current sheet with a two-fluid model and fully kinetic simulations. Our results indicate that the most unstable modes are oblique for guide fields larger than the reconnecting field, in agreement with the kinetic results. The standard two-fluid tearing theory is extended to address the tearing instability at oblique angles. The resulting theory yields a flat oblique spectrum and underestimates the growth of oblique modes in a similar manner to kinetic theory relative to kinetic simulations. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Akcay, Cihan; Daughton, William] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Lukin, Vyacheslav S.] Natl Sci Fdn, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA.
[Liu, Yi-Hsin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Akcay, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM akcay@lanl.gov
RI Daughton, William/L-9661-2013
FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences; UCOP program from the University of
California [12-LR-237124]; LANL Center for Nonlinear Studies; National
Science Foundation; DOE/NNSA [DE-AC52-06NA25936]; [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX We thank John Finn and Adam Stanier for valuable discussions and the
anonymous referees for their suggestions. C.A. also thanks his late
co-mentor Thomas Intrator for making his postdoctoral appointment at the
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) possible. This research was
supported by funding from the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, from the
UCOP program from the University of California under Grant No.
12-LR-237124, and the LANL Center for Nonlinear Studies. V.S.L.
acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation. We used the
resources of the LANL Institutional Computing Program supported by
DOE/NNSA under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25936 and those of the National
Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science
User Facility supported under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 41
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 9
U2 13
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 23
IS 1
AR 012112
DI 10.1063/1.4940945
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA DL7XM
UT WOS:000375853700016
ER
PT J
AU Coburn, S
Dix, B
Edgerton, E
Holmes, CD
Kinnison, D
Liang, Q
ter Schure, A
Wang, SY
Volkamer, R
AF Coburn, Sean
Dix, Barbara
Edgerton, Eric
Holmes, Christopher D.
Kinnison, Douglas
Liang, Qing
ter Schure, Arnout
Wang, Siyuan
Volkamer, Rainer
TI Mercury oxidation from bromine chemistry in the free troposphere over
the southeastern US
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GASEOUS OXIDIZED MERCURY; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; MARINE
BOUNDARY-LAYER; FIRED POWER-PLANT; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; DRY DEPOSITION;
INSTRUMENT CHARACTERIZATION; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; BRO MEASUREMENTS;
UNITED-STATES
AB The elevated deposition of atmospheric mercury over the southeastern United States is currently not well understood. Here we measure partial columns and vertical profiles of bromine monoxide (BrO) radicals, a key component of mercury oxidation chemistry, to better understand the processes and altitudes at which mercury is being oxidized in the atmosphere. We use data from a ground-based MAX-DOAS instrument located at a coastal site aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-1aEuro-km from the Gulf of Mexico in Gulf Breeze, FL, where we had previously detected tropospheric BrO (Coburn et al., 2011). Our profile retrieval assimilates information about stratospheric BrO from the WACCM chemical transport model (CTM), and uses only measurements at moderately low solar zenith angles (SZAs) to estimate the BrO slant column density contained in the reference spectrum (SCDRef). The approach has 2.6 degrees of freedom, and avoids spectroscopic complications that arise at high SZA; knowledge about SCDRef further helps to maximize sensitivity in the free troposphere (FT). A cloud-free case study day with low aerosol load (9 April 2010) provided optimal conditions for distinguishing marine boundary layer (MBL: 0-1aEuro-km) and free-tropospheric (FT: 1-15aEuro-km) BrO from the ground. The average daytime tropospheric BrO vertical column density (VCD) of aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-2.3aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-10(13)aEuro-molecaEuro-cm(-2) (SZAaEuro-aEuro parts per thousand < aEuro-70 degrees) is consistent with our earlier reports on other days. The vertical profile locates essentially all tropospheric BrO above 4aEuro-km, and shows no evidence for BrO inside the MBL (detection limitaEuro-aEuro parts per thousand < aEuro-0.5aEuro-pptv). BrO increases to aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-3.5aEuro-pptv at 10-15aEuro-km altitude, consistent with recent aircraft observations. Our case study day is consistent with recent aircraft studies, in that the oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) by bromine radicals to form gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) is the dominant pathway for GEM oxidation throughout the troposphere above Gulf Breeze. The column integral oxidation rates are about 3.6aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand xaEuro-10(5)aEuro-molecaEuro-cm(-2)aEuro-s(-1) for bromine, while the contribution from ozone (O-3) is 0.8aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-10(5)aEuro-molecaEuro-cm(-2)aEuro-s(-1). Chlorine-induced oxidation is estimated to add < aEuro-5aEuro-% to these mercury oxidation rates. The GOM formation rate is sensitive to recently proposed atmospheric scavenging reactions of the HgBr adduct by nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and to a lesser extent also HO2 radicals. Using a 3-D CTM, we find that surface GOM variations are also typical of other days, and are mainly derived from the FT. Bromine chemistry is active in the FT over Gulf Breeze, where it forms water-soluble GOM that is subsequently available for wet scavenging by thunderstorms or transport to the boundary layer.
C1 [Coburn, Sean; Dix, Barbara; Wang, Siyuan; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Coburn, Sean; Wang, Siyuan; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Edgerton, Eric] Atmospher Res & Anal ARA Inc, Plano, TX USA.
[Holmes, Christopher D.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Kinnison, Douglas] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Liang, Qing] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[ter Schure, Arnout] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA.
[Wang, Siyuan] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu
RI Liang, Qing/B-1276-2011; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Holmes,
Christopher/C-9956-2014
OI Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Holmes,
Christopher/0000-0002-2727-0954
FU NASA Earth and Space Science graduate fellowship; EPRI's Technology
Innovation program [EP-P27450/C13049]; EPRI [EP-P32238/C14974]; US
National Science Foundation [ATM-0847793, AGS-1104104]; CU Boulder
startup funds
FX Sean Coburn is the recipient of a NASA Earth and Space Science graduate
fellowship. The CU MAX-DOAS instrument was developed with support from
the EPRI's Technology Innovation program (EP-P27450/C13049). Financial
support from EPRI (EP-P32238/C14974), US National Science Foundation
(ATM-0847793, AGS-1104104), and CU Boulder startup funds is gratefully
acknowledged.
NR 92
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 12
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 6
BP 3743
EP 3760
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DK1VG
UT WOS:000374702300005
ER
PT J
AU Hansen, J
Sato, M
Hearty, P
Ruedy, R
Kelley, M
Masson-Delmotte, V
Russell, G
Tselioudis, G
Cao, JJ
Rignot, E
Velicogna, I
Tormey, B
Donovan, B
Kandiano, E
von Schuckmann, K
Kharecha, P
Legrande, AN
Bauer, M
Lo, KW
AF Hansen, James
Sato, Makiko
Hearty, Paul
Ruedy, Reto
Kelley, Maxwell
Masson-Delmotte, Valerie
Russell, Gary
Tselioudis, George
Cao, Junji
Rignot, Eric
Velicogna, Isabella
Tormey, Blair
Donovan, Bailey
Kandiano, Evgeniya
von Schuckmann, Karina
Kharecha, Pushker
Legrande, Allegra N.
Bauer, Michael
Lo, Kwok-Wai
TI Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate
data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 A degrees C
global warming could be dangerous
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LAST INTERGLACIAL PERIOD; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; ATLANTIC
THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; INDUCED SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES; EARTHS ENERGY
IMBALANCE; DEGLACIAL CO2 RISE; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; ANTARCTIC
BOTTOM WATER; GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ; NORTH-ATLANTIC
AB We use numerical climate simulations, paleoclimate data, and modern observations to study the effect of growing ice melt from Antarctica and Greenland. Meltwater tends to stabilize the ocean column, inducing amplifying feedbacks that increase subsurface ocean warming and ice shelf melting. Cold meltwater and induced dynamical effects cause ocean surface cooling in the Southern Ocean and North Atlantic, thus increasing Earth's energy imbalance and heat flux into most of the global ocean's surface. Southern Ocean surface cooling, while lower latitudes are warming, increases precipitation on the Southern Ocean, increasing ocean stratification, slowing deepwater formation, and increasing ice sheet mass loss. These feedbacks make ice sheets in contact with the ocean vulnerable to accelerating disintegration. We hypothesize that ice mass loss from the most vulnerable ice, sufficient to raise sea level several meters, is better approximated as exponential than by a more linear response. Doubling times of 10, 20 or 40 years yield multi-meter sea level rise in about 50, 100 or 200 years. Recent ice melt doubling times are near the lower end of the 10-40-year range, but the record is too short to confirm the nature of the response. The feedbacks, including subsurface ocean warming, help explain paleoclimate data and point to a dominant Southern Ocean role in controlling atmospheric CO2, which in turn exercised tight control on global temperature and sea level. The millennial (500-2000-year) timescale of deep-ocean ventilation affects the timescale for natural CO2 change and thus the timescale for paleo-global climate, ice sheet, and sea level changes, but this paleo-millennial timescale should not be misinterpreted as the timescale for ice sheet response to a rapid, large, human-made climate forcing. These climate feedbacks aid interpretation of events late in the prior interglacial, when sea level rose to +6-9 m with evidence of extreme storms while Earth was less than 1 A degrees C warmer than today. Ice melt cooling of the North Atlantic and Southern oceans increases atmospheric temperature gradients, eddy kinetic energy and baroclinicity, thus driving more powerful storms. The modeling, paleoclimate evidence, and ongoing observations together imply that 2 A degrees C global warming above the preindustrial level could be dangerous. Continued high fossil fuel emissions this century are predicted to yield (1) cooling of the Southern Ocean, especially in the Western Hemisphere; (2) slowing of the Southern Ocean overturning circulation, warming of the ice shelves, and growing ice sheet mass loss; (3) slowdown and eventual shutdown of the Atlantic overturning circulation with cooling of the North Atlantic region; (4) increasingly powerful storms; and (5) nonlinearly growing sea level rise, reaching several meters over a timescale of 50-150 years. These predictions, especially the cooling in the Southern Ocean and North Atlantic with markedly reduced warming or even cooling in Europe, differ fundamentally from existing climate change assessments. We discuss observations and modeling studies needed to refute or clarify these assertions.
C1 [Hansen, James; Sato, Makiko; Kharecha, Pushker] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Climate Sci Awareness & Solut, New York, NY 10115 USA.
[Hearty, Paul] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Studies, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
[Ruedy, Reto; Kelley, Maxwell; Lo, Kwok-Wai] Trinnovium LLC, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Ruedy, Reto; Kelley, Maxwell; Russell, Gary; Tselioudis, George; Kharecha, Pushker; Legrande, Allegra N.; Bauer, Michael; Lo, Kwok-Wai] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Masson-Delmotte, Valerie] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Cao, Junji] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, Key Lab Aerosol Chem & Phys, Xian 710075, Peoples R China.
[Rignot, Eric; Velicogna, Isabella] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Rignot, Eric; Velicogna, Isabella] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Tormey, Blair] Western Carolina Univ, Program Study Developed Shorelines, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA.
[Donovan, Bailey] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA.
[Kandiano, Evgeniya] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, GEOMAR, Wischhofstr 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany.
[von Schuckmann, Karina] Univ Toulon & Var, Mediterranean Inst Oceanog, La Garde, France.
[Bauer, Michael] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA.
RP Hansen, J (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Climate Sci Awareness & Solut, New York, NY 10115 USA.
EM jeh1@columbia.edu
RI Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014; Masson-Delmotte, Valerie/G-1995-2011; Cao,
Junji/D-3259-2014
OI Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481; Masson-Delmotte,
Valerie/0000-0001-8296-381X; Cao, Junji/0000-0003-1000-7241
FU Grantham Foundation for Protection of the Environment; NASA High-End
Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation
(NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center
FX This paper is dedicated to Wally Broecker, the "father of global
warming", whose inquisitive mind has stimulated much of the world's
research aimed at understanding global climate. Completion of this study
was made possible by a generous gift from the Durst family to the
Climate Science, Awareness and Solutions program at the Columbia
University Earth Institute. That program was initiated in 2013 primarily
via support from the Grantham Foundation for Protection of the
Environment, Jim and Krisann Miller, and Gerry Lenfest and sustained via
their continuing support. Other substantial support is provided by the
Flora Family Foundation, Elisabeth Mannschott, Alexander Totic and Hugh
Perrine. Concepts about "greenhouse, icehouse, madhouse" conditions
during MIS 5e in Bermuda and the Bahamas were fostered by A. Conrad
Neumann, while John T. Hollin understood nearly half a century ago the
importance of West Antarctica's contributions to rapid climate, ice
surge, and sea-level changes. We are grateful to numerous friends and
colleagues who are passionate about the geology and natural history of
Bermuda and the Bahamas. We thank Anders Carlson, Elsa Cortijo, Nil
Irvali, Kurt Lambeck, Scott Lehman, and Ulysses Ninnemann for their kind
provision of data and related information, the editors of ACP for
development of effective publication mechanisms, and referees and
commenters for many helpful suggestions on the discussion version of the
paper. Support for climate simulations was provided by the NASA High-End
Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation
(NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center.
NR 318
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 43
U2 67
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 6
BP 3761
EP 3812
PG 52
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DK1VG
UT WOS:000374702300006
ER
PT J
AU Muller, M
Anderson, BE
Beyersdorf, AJ
Crawford, JH
Diskin, GS
Eichler, P
Fried, A
Keutsch, FN
Mikoviny, T
Thornhill, KL
Walega, JG
Weinheimer, AJ
Yang, M
Yokelson, RJ
Wisthaler, A
AF Mueller, Markus
Anderson, Bruce E.
Beyersdorf, Andreas J.
Crawford, James H.
Diskin, Glenn S.
Eichler, Philipp
Fried, Alan
Keutsch, Frank N.
Mikoviny, Tomas
Thornhill, Kenneth L.
Walega, James G.
Weinheimer, Andrew J.
Yang, Melissa
Yokelson, Robert J.
Wisthaler, Armin
TI In situ measurements and modeling of reactive trace gases in a small
biomass burning plume
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; FLIGHT
MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MCM V3 PART; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; EMISSION
FACTORS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; RESOLUTION; PARTICLES; AEROSOL
AB An instrumented NASA P-3B aircraft was used for airborne sampling of trace gases in a plume that had emanated from a small forest understory fire in Georgia, USA. The plume was sampled at its origin to derive emission factors and followed aEuro parts per thousand 13.6 km downwind to observe chemical changes during the first hour of atmospheric aging. The P-3B payload included a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS), which measured non-methane organic gases (NMOGs) at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution (10 m spatial/0.1 s temporal). Quantitative emission data are reported for CO2, CO, NO, NO2, HONO, NH3, and 16 NMOGs (formaldehyde, methanol, acetonitrile, propene, acetaldehyde, formic acid, acetone plus its isomer propanal, acetic acid plus its isomer glycolaldehyde, furan, isoprene plus isomeric pentadienes and cyclopentene, methyl vinyl ketone plus its isomers crotonaldehyde and methacrolein, methylglyoxal, hydroxy acetone plus its isomers methyl acetate and propionic acid, benzene, 2,3-butanedione, and 2-furfural) with molar emission ratios relative to CO larger than 1 ppbV ppmV(-1). Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, 2-furfural, and methanol dominated NMOG emissions. No NMOGs with more than 10 carbon atoms were observed at mixing ratios larger than 50 pptV ppmV(-1) CO. Downwind plume chemistry was investigated using the observations and a 0-D photochemical box model simulation. The model was run on a nearly explicit chemical mechanism (MCM v3.3) and initialized with measured emission data. Ozone formation during the first hour of atmospheric aging was well captured by the model, with carbonyls (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, 2,3-butanedione, methylglyoxal, 2-furfural) in addition to CO and CH4 being the main drivers of peroxy radical chemistry. The model also accurately reproduced the sequestration of NOx into peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and the OH-initiated degradation of furan and 2-furfural at an average OH concentration of 7.45 +/- 1.07 x 10(6)aEuro-cm(-3) in the plume. Formaldehyde, acetone/propanal, acetic acid/glycolaldehyde, and maleic acid/maleic anhydride (tentatively identified) were found to be the main NMOGs to increase during 1 h of atmospheric plume processing, with the model being unable to capture the observed increase. A mass balance analysis suggests that about 50 % of the aerosol mass formed in the downwind plume is organic in nature.
C1 [Mueller, Markus; Eichler, Philipp; Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Mueller, Markus; Yokelson, Robert J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Anderson, Bruce E.; Beyersdorf, Andreas J.; Crawford, James H.; Diskin, Glenn S.; Thornhill, Kenneth L.; Yang, Melissa] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Fried, Alan; Walega, James G.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Keutsch, Frank N.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Mikoviny, Tomas; Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Oslo, Norway.
[Thornhill, Kenneth L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
[Weinheimer, Andrew J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Wisthaler, A (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.; Wisthaler, A (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Oslo, Norway.
EM armin.wisthaler@uibk.ac.at
RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Muller, Markus/L-1699-2014
OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Muller, Markus/0000-0003-4110-8950
FU Austrian Space Applications Programme [833451, 840086]; Austrian
Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT); European
Commission [287382]; NASA; Visiting Scientist Program of the National
Institute of Aerospace (NIA); NASA Earth Science Division [NNX12AC20G,
NNX14AP45G]
FX This work was primarily funded through the Austrian Space Applications
Programme (ASAP 8 and 9, grants no. 833451 and no. 840086). ASAP is
sponsored by the Austrian Ministry for Transport, Innovation and
Technology (BMVIT) and administered by the Aeronautics and Space Agency
(ALR) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). P. Eichler was
funded through the PIMMS ITN supported by the European Commission's 7th
Framework Programme under grant agreement number 287382. T. Mikoviny was
supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the
Langley Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated
Universities through a contract with NASA. A. Wisthaler received support
from the Visiting Scientist Program of the National Institute of
Aerospace (NIA). R. Yokelson acknowledges support by NASA Earth Science
Division Awards NNX12AC20G and NNX14AP45G. DISCOVER-AQ was part of the
NASA Earth Venture-1 (EV-1) program. John Barrick is acknowledged for
providing wind data and camera images. The authors would like to thank
the pilots and crew of NASA's P-3B and J. Raymond Joyce, Laurens County
Extension Agent, for local inspection of the fire.
NR 38
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 14
U2 25
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 6
BP 3813
EP 3824
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DK1VG
UT WOS:000374702300007
ER
PT J
AU Newman, S
Xu, XM
Gurney, KR
Hsu, YK
Li, KF
Jiang, X
Keeling, R
Feng, S
O'Keefe, D
Patarasuk, R
Wong, KW
Rao, P
Fischer, ML
Yung, YL
AF Newman, Sally
Xu, Xiaomei
Gurney, Kevin R.
Hsu, Ying Kuang
Li, King Fai
Jiang, Xun
Keeling, Ralph
Feng, Sha
O'Keefe, Darragh
Patarasuk, Risa
Wong, Kam Weng
Rao, Preeti
Fischer, Marc L.
Yung, Yuk L.
TI Toward consistency between trends in bottom-up CO2 emissions and
top-down atmospheric measurements in the Los Angeles megacity
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FOSSIL-FUEL CO2; AIR-POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; COASTAL
ENVIRONMENT; ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCES; URBAN ATMOSPHERE; CALIFORNIA;
(CO2)-C-14; SCALE; QUANTIFICATION
AB Large urban emissions of greenhouse gases result in large atmospheric enhancements relative to background that are easily measured. Using CO2 mole fractions and delta C-14 and delta C-13 values of CO2 in the Los Angeles megacity observed in inland Pasadena (2006-2013) and coastal Palos Verdes peninsula (autumn 2009-2013), we have determined time series for CO2 contributions from fossil fuel combustion (C-ff) for both sites and broken those down into contributions from petroleum and/or gasoline and natural gas burning for Pasadena. We find a 10 % reduction in Pasadena C-ff during the Great Recession of 2008-2010, which is consistent with the bottom-up inventory determined by the California Air Resources Board. The isotopic variations and total atmospheric CO2 from our observations are used to infer seasonality of natural gas and petroleum combustion. The trend of CO2 contributions to the atmosphere from natural gas combustion is out of phase with the seasonal cycle of total natural gas combustion seasonal patterns in bottom-up inventories but is consistent with the seasonality of natural gas usage by the area's electricity generating power plants. For petroleum, the inferred seasonality of CO2 contributions from burning petroleum is delayed by several months relative to usage indicated by statewide gasoline taxes. Using the high-resolution Hestia-LA data product to compare C-ff from parts of the basin sampled by winds at different times of year, we find that variations in observed fossil fuel CO2 reflect seasonal variations in wind direction. The seasonality of the local CO2 excess from fossil fuel combustion along the coast, on Palos Verdes peninsula, is higher in autumn and winter than spring and summer, almost completely out of phase with that from Pasadena, also because of the annual variations of winds in the region. Variations in fossil fuel CO2 signals are consistent with sampling the bottom-up Hestia-LA fossil CO2 emissions product for sub-city source regions in the LA megacity domain when wind directions are considered.
C1 [Newman, Sally; Yung, Yuk L.] CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Xu, Xiaomei] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Gurney, Kevin R.; O'Keefe, Darragh; Patarasuk, Risa] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Hsu, Ying Kuang] Air Resources Board, Monitoring & Lab Div, Sacramento, CA 95811 USA.
[Li, King Fai] Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Jiang, Xun] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA.
[Keeling, Ralph] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Feng, Sha; Wong, Kam Weng; Rao, Preeti] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Earth Atmospher Sci, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Fischer, Marc L.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Area, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Feng, Sha] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Newman, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM sally@gps.caltech.edu
FU W. M. Keck Carbon Cycle Facility at UCI; Keck Institute for Space
Studies; NASA [NNX13AC04G, NNX13AK34G]; California Air Resources Board
[13-329]
FX This work would not have been possible without support from the W. M.
Keck Carbon Cycle Facility at UCI. We specifically thank J. Southon for
his help with sample analysis. We acknowledge funding from the Keck
Institute for Space Studies, NASA Grant NNX13AC04G, and NASA Grant
NNX13AK34G. We also acknowledge funding from the California Air
Resources Board Contract #13-329. The statements and conclusions in this
report are those of the Contract and not necessarily those of the
California Air Resources Board. The mention of commercial products,
their source, or their use in connection with materials reported herein
is not to be construed as actual or implied endorsement of such
products. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources
Laboratory (ARL) for providing the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion
model used in this publication. We thank N. C. Shu for hosting the site
on the Palos Verdes peninsula.
NR 59
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 15
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 6
BP 3843
EP 3863
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DK1VG
UT WOS:000374702300009
ER
PT J
AU Winiberg, FAF
Dillon, TJ
Orr, SC
Gross, CBM
Bejan, I
Brumby, CA
Evans, MJ
Smith, SC
Heard, DE
Seakins, PW
AF Winiberg, Frank A. F.
Dillon, Terry J.
Orr, Stephanie C.
Gross, Christoph B. M.
Bejan, Iustinian
Brumby, Charlotte A.
Evans, Matthew J.
Smith, Shona C.
Heard, Dwayne E.
Seakins, Paul W.
TI Direct measurements of OH and other product yields from the HO(2)aEuro-
+aEuro-CH3C(O)O-2 reaction
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY HIRAC; HIGHLY INSTRUMENTED
REACTOR; ORGANIC PEROXY-RADICALS; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; PHOTOCHEMICAL
DATA; CH3C(O)O-2+HO2 REACTION; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ISOPRENE
OXIDATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS
AB The reaction CH3C(O)O(2)aEuro-+aEuro-HO2 -> aEuro parts per thousand CH3C(O)OOHaEuro-+aEuro-O-2 (Reaction R5a), CH3C(O)OHaEuro-+aEuro-O-3 (Reaction R5b), CH(3)aEuro-+aEuro-CO(2)aEuro-+aEuro-OHaEuro-+aEuro-O-2 (Reaction R5c) was studied in a series of experiments conducted at 1000aEuro-mbar and (293aEuro-+/- aEuro-2)aEuro-K in the HIRAC simulation chamber. For the first time, products, (CH3C(O)OOH, CH3C(O)OH, O-3 and OH) from all three branching pathways of the reaction have been detected directly and simultaneously. Measurements of radical precursors (CH3OH, CH3CHO), HO2 and some secondary products HCHO and HCOOH further constrained the system. Fitting a comprehensive model to the experimental data, obtained over a range of conditions, determined the branching ratios alpha((R5a))aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand= aEuro-0.37aEuro-+/- aEuro-0.10, alpha((R5b)) = aEuro-0.12aEuro-+/- aEuro-0.04 and alpha((R5c)) = aEuro-0.51aEuro-+/- aEuro-0.12 (errors at 2 sigma level). Improved measurement/model agreement was achieved using k((R5)) = (2.4aEuro-+/- aEuro-0.4)aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-10(-11)aEuro-cm(3)aEuro-molecule(-1)aEuro-s(-1), which is within the large uncertainty of the current IUPAC and JPL recommended rate coefficients for the title reaction. The rate coefficient and branching ratios are in good agreement with a recent study performed by Gro et al. (2014b); taken together, these two studies show that the rate of OH regeneration through Reaction (R5) is more rapid than previously thought. GEOS-Chem has been used to assess the implications of the revised rate coefficients and branching ratios; the modelling shows an enhancement of up to 5 % in OH concentrations in tropical rainforest areas and increases of up to 10 % at altitudes of 6-8 km above the equator, compared to calculations based on the IUPAC recommended rate coefficient and yield. The enhanced rate of acetylperoxy consumption significantly reduces PAN in remote regions (up to 30 %) with commensurate reductions in background NOx.
C1 [Winiberg, Frank A. F.; Orr, Stephanie C.; Bejan, Iustinian; Brumby, Charlotte A.; Smith, Shona C.; Heard, Dwayne E.; Seakins, Paul W.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Dillon, Terry J.; Gross, Christoph B. M.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Div Atmospher Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Dillon, Terry J.; Evans, Matthew J.] Univ York, Dept Chem, Wolfson Atmospher Chem Labs, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Evans, Matthew J.] Univ York, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Heard, Dwayne E.; Seakins, Paul W.] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Winiberg, Frank A. F.] JPL, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
[Gross, Christoph B. M.] SCHOTT AG, Phys Analyt, Hattenbergstr 10, D-55122 Mainz, Germany.
[Bejan, Iustinian] Alexandru Ioan Cuza Univ, Fac Chem, Iasi, Romania.
[Bejan, Iustinian] Alexandru Ioan Cuza Univ, Integrated Ctr Environm Sci Studies North East De, Iasi, Romania.
RP Seakins, PW (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.; Seakins, PW (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
EM p.w.seakins@leeds.ac.uk
RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014
FU NERC [NE/F018754/1]; EU programme EUROCHAMP-2 [228335]; Marie Curie
Fellowship LAMAUNIO
FX We are grateful for support from NERC through grant NE/F018754/1 and for
studentships to FAFW and SCO. Support for Transnational Access to HIRAC
for TD and CBMG was provided by the EU programme EUROCHAMP-2, grant no.
228335 and Marie Curie Fellowship LAMAUNIO for I. Bejan.
NR 59
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 11
U2 21
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 6
BP 4023
EP 4042
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DK1VG
UT WOS:000374702300018
ER
PT J
AU Seung, CK
Muse, B
Waters, EC
AF Seung, Chang K.
Muse, Ben
Waters, Edward C.
TI Net Economic Impacts of Recent Alaska Salmon Fishery Failures and
Federal Relief
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX; INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL; AGRICULTURE
AB Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha runs in several areas of Alaska have recently fallen well below expected levels. Using a social accounting matrix (SAM) model, this study calculated the net regional impacts on employment and income of the commercial salmon fishery failures stemming from these small runs, taking into account the effects of the federal fishery disaster funds received by commercial fishermen. The results indicate that federal relief funds reduced the adverse economic impacts but that the distribution of these funds to permit owners alone was not sufficient to compensate for the losses by other stakeholders. This study also shows that a SAM-type model is useful for policymakers in deciding how federal funds should be distributed among the various stakeholders affected by fishery failures.
C1 [Seung, Chang K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Muse, Ben] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Reg Off, 709 West 9th St,Room 420, Juneau, AK 99802 USA.
RP Seung, CK (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM chang.seung@noaa.gov
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0275-5947
EI 1548-8675
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PY 2016
VL 36
IS 2
BP 351
EP 362
DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1120831
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA DJ9WW
UT WOS:000374565000014
ER
PT J
AU Ito, A
Inatomi, M
Huntzinger, DN
Schwalm, C
Michalak, AM
Cook, R
King, AW
Mao, JF
Wei, YX
Mac Post, W
Wang, WL
Arain, MA
Huang, S
Hayes, DJ
Ricciuto, DM
Shi, XY
Huang, MY
Lei, HM
Tian, HQ
Lu, CQ
Yang, J
Tao, B
Jain, A
Poulter, B
Peng, SS
Ciais, P
Fisher, JB
Parazoo, N
Schaefer, K
Peng, CH
Zeng, N
Zhao, F
AF Ito, Akihiko
Inatomi, Motoko
Huntzinger, Deborah N.
Schwalm, Christopher
Michalak, Anna M.
Cook, Robert
King, Anthony W.
Mao, Jiafu
Wei, Yaxing
Mac Post, W.
Wang, Weile
Arain, M. Altaf
Huang, Suo
Hayes, Daniel J.
Ricciuto, Daniel M.
Shi, Xiaoying
Huang, Maoyi
Lei, Huimin
Tian, Hanqin
Lu, Chaoqun
Yang, Jia
Tao, Bo
Jain, Atul
Poulter, Benjamin
Peng, Shushi
Ciais, Philippe
Fisher, Joshua B.
Parazoo, Nicholas
Schaefer, Kevin
Peng, Changhui
Zeng, Ning
Zhao, Fang
TI Decadal trends in the seasonal-cycle amplitude of terrestrial CO2
exchange resulting from the ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models
SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE atmospheric carbon dioxide; carbon cycle; climate change; land-use
change; seasonal cycle; terrestrial ecosystem
ID PROGRAM MULTISCALE SYNTHESIS; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CO2;
CARBON-CYCLE; NORTHERN ECOSYSTEMS; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; FOREST
PHENOLOGY; PLANT GEOGRAPHY; GROWING-SEASON; MAUNA-LOA
AB The seasonal-cycle amplitude (SCA) of the atmosphere-ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange rate is a useful metric of the responsiveness of the terrestrial biosphere to environmental variations. It is unclear, however, what underlying mechanisms are responsible for the observed increasing trend of SCA in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Using output data from the Multi-scale Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP), we investigated how well the SCA of atmosphere-ecosystem CO2 exchange was simulated with 15 contemporary terrestrial ecosystem models during the period 1901-2010. Also, we made attempt to evaluate the contributions of potential mechanisms such as atmospheric CO2, climate, land-use, and nitrogen deposition, through factorial experiments using different combinations of forcing data. Under contemporary conditions, the simulated global-scale SCA of the cumulative net ecosystem carbon flux of most models was comparable in magnitude with the SCA of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Results from factorial simulation experiments showed that elevated atmospheric CO2 exerted a strong influence on the seasonality amplification. When the model considered not only climate change but also land-use and atmospheric CO2 changes, the majority of the models showed amplification trends of the SCAs of photosynthesis, respiration, and net ecosystem production (+0.19 % to +0.50 % yr(-1)). In the case of land- use change, it was difficult to separate the contribution of agricultural management to SCA because of inadequacies in both the data and models. The simulated amplification of SCA was approximately consistent with the observational evidence of the SCA in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Large inter-model differences remained, however, in the simulated global tendencies and spatial patterns of CO2 exchanges. Further studies are required to identify a consistent explanation for the simulated and observed amplification trends, including their underlying mechanisms. Nevertheless, this study implied that monitoring of ecosystem seasonality would provide useful insights concerning ecosystem dynamics.
C1 [Ito, Akihiko] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Ito, Akihiko] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
[Inatomi, Motoko] Ibaraki Univ, Dept Agr, Ami, Ibaraki 30003, Japan.
[Huntzinger, Deborah N.; Schwalm, Christopher] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Schwalm, Christopher] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA.
[Michalak, Anna M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Stanford, CA USA.
[Cook, Robert; King, Anthony W.; Mao, Jiafu; Wei, Yaxing; Mac Post, W.; Hayes, Daniel J.; Ricciuto, Daniel M.; Shi, Xiaoying] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Cook, Robert; King, Anthony W.; Mao, Jiafu; Wei, Yaxing; Mac Post, W.; Hayes, Daniel J.; Ricciuto, Daniel M.; Shi, Xiaoying] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Wang, Weile] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Arain, M. Altaf; Huang, Suo] McMaster Univ, McMaster Ctr Climate Change, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
[Huang, Maoyi] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Lei, Huimin] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
[Tian, Hanqin; Yang, Jia; Tao, Bo] Auburn Univ, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
[Tian, Hanqin; Yang, Jia; Tao, Bo] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
[Lu, Chaoqun] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA USA.
[Jain, Atul] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Poulter, Benjamin] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Peng, Shushi; Ciais, Philippe] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Fisher, Joshua B.; Parazoo, Nicholas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Schaefer, Kevin] Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
[Peng, Changhui] Univ Quebec, Inst Environm Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
[Peng, Changhui] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Lab Ecol Forecasting & Global Change, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
[Zeng, Ning; Zhao, Fang] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Ito, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.; Ito, A (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
EM itoh@nies.go.jp
RI Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016; Zeng, Ning/A-3130-2008; Lei,
Huimin/H-9596-2015; Yang, Jia/A-6483-2012; Huang, Maoyi/I-8599-2012;
Mao, Jiafu/B-9689-2012; Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016
OI Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021; Zeng, Ning/0000-0002-7489-7629;
Lei, Huimin/0000-0002-1175-2334; Yang, Jia/0000-0003-2019-9603; Huang,
Maoyi/0000-0001-9154-9485; Mao, Jiafu/0000-0002-2050-7373; Jain,
Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228
FU NASA ROSES Grant [NNX10AG01A, NNH10AN681]; Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council (NSERC); US Department of Energy (DOE),
Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; DOE
[DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Biological and
Environmental Research (BER) through the Earth System Modeling program;
U.S. DOE-BER; U.S. DOE-BER through the Subsurface Biogeochemical
Research Program (SBR) as part of the SBR Scientific Focus Area (SFA) at
the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); U.S. DOE
[DE-AC05-76RLO1830]; NASA [NNX11AD47G, NNX14AF93G, NNX08AL73G,
NNX14AO73G, NNX10AU06G, NNG04GM39C]; NSF [AGS-1243232, AGS-1243220,
CNH-1210360]; US DOE National Institute for Climate Change Research
[DUKE-UN-07-SC-NICCR-1014]; US EPA STAR program [2004-STAR-L1]; GhG
Europe FP7 grant; US DOE, Office of Science, Biological and
Environmental Research; National Basic Research Program of China
[2013CB956602]; National Science and Engineering Research Council of
Canada (NSERC); KAKENHI Grant by the Japan Society for the Promotion of
Science [26281014]
FX Funding for the Multi-scale synthesis and Terrestrial Model
Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP; www.nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP.shtm) activity
was provided through NASA ROSES Grant #NNX10AG01A. Data management
support for preparing, documenting and distributing model driver and
output data was performed by the Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data
Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL; www.nacp.ornl.gov), with
funding through NASA ROSES Grant #NNH10AN681. Finalized MsTMIP data
products are archived at the ORNL DAAC (www.daac.ornl.gov).;
CLASS-CTEM-N+: CLASS and CTEM models were originally developed by the
Climate Research Branch and Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and
Analysis (CCCMa) of Environment Canada, respectively. MsTMIP related
work was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
(NSERC) grants. Computational support was provided by the SHARCNET.;
CLM4 research is supported in part by the US Department of Energy (DOE),
Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research. Oak Ridge
National Laboratory is managed by UT-BATTELLE for DOE under contract
DE-AC05-00OR22725.; CLM4VIC simulations were supported in part by the
U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
through the Earth System Modeling program and performed using the
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national
scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. DOE-BER and located at
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Participation of M. Huang
in the MsTMIP synthesis is supported by the U.S. DOE-BER through the
Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program (SBR) as part of the SBR
Scientific Focus Area (SFA) at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
(PNNL). PNNL is operated for the U.S. DOE by BATTELLE Memorial Institute
under contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830.; DLEM developed in International
Center for Climate and Global Change Research, Auburn University, has
been supported by NASA grants (NNX11AD47G; NNX14AF93G, NNX08AL73G,
NNX14AO73G, NNX10AU06G, NNG04GM39C), NSF grants (AGS-1243232,
AGS-1243220, CNH-1210360), US DOE National Institute for Climate Change
Research (DUKE-UN-07-SC-NICCR-1014) and US EPA STAR program
(2004-STAR-L1).; ORCHIDEE is a global land surface model developed at
the IPSL institute in France. The simulations were performed with the
support of the GhG Europe FP7 grant with computing facilities provided
by 'LSCE' or 'TGCC'.; TEM6 research is supported in part by the US DOE,
Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research.; TRIPLEX-GHG
was developed at University of Quebec at Montreal (Canada) and Northwest
A&F University (China) and has been supported by the National Basic
Research Program of China (2013CB956602) and the National Science and
Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discover Grant.; This
study was supported by KAKENHI Grant No. 26281014 by the Japan Society
for the Promotion of Science.
NR 69
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 13
U2 28
PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING
PI JARFALLA
PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN
SN 0280-6509
EI 1600-0889
J9 TELLUS B
JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol.
PY 2016
VL 68
AR 28968
DI 10.3402/tellusb.v68.28968
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL8FH
UT WOS:000375875700001
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, BT
Olson, WS
Skofronick-Jackson, G
AF Johnson, B. T.
Olson, W. S.
Skofronick-Jackson, G.
TI The microwave properties of simulated melting precipitation particles:
sensitivity to initial melting
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID RADAR REFLECTIVITY; SCATTERING; LAYER; MODEL; SIGNATURES
AB A simplified approach is presented for assessing the microwave response to the initial melting of realistically shaped ice particles. This paper is divided into two parts: (1) a description of the Single Particle Melting Model (SPMM), a heuristic melting simulation for ice-phase precipitation particles of any shape or size (SPMM is applied to two simulated aggregate snow particles, simulating melting up to 0.15 melt fraction by mass), and (2) the computation of the single-particle microwave scattering and extinction properties of these hydrometeors, using the discrete dipole approximation (via DDSCAT), at the following selected frequencies: 13.4, 35.6, and 94.0 GHz for radar applications and 89, 165.0, and 183.31 GHz for radiometer applications. These selected frequencies are consistent with current microwave remote-sensing platforms, such as CloudSat and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. Comparisons with calculations using variable-density spheres indicate significant deviations in scattering and extinction properties throughout the initial range of melting (liquid volume fractions less than 0.15). Integration of the single-particle properties over an exponential particle size distribution provides additional insight into idealized radar reflectivity and passive microwave brightness temperature sensitivity to variations in size/mass, shape, melt fraction, and particle orientation.
C1 [Johnson, B. T.; Olson, W. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Johnson, B. T.; Olson, W. S.; Skofronick-Jackson, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Johnson, BT (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.; Johnson, BT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD USA.
EM jbenjam@gmail.com
FU NASA [NNX11AR55G, NNX10AI49G, NNX10AT36A]
FX The majority of this investigation was supported by the NASA PMM (R.
Kakar) and RST (L. Tsaoussi) programs - specifically NASA grants
NNX11AR55G (PI: B. Johnson), NNX10AI49G (PI: W. Olson), and NNX10AT36A
(PI: G. Skofronick-Jackson).
NR 28
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 1
BP 9
EP 21
DI 10.5194/amt-9-9-2016
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4MI
UT WOS:000375610500002
ER
PT J
AU Weigel, K
Rozanov, A
Azam, F
Bramstedt, K
Damadeo, R
Eichmann, KU
Gebhardt, C
Hurst, D
Kraemer, M
Lossow, S
Read, W
Spelten, N
Stiller, GP
Walker, KA
Weber, M
Bovensmann, H
Burrows, JP
AF Weigel, K.
Rozanov, A.
Azam, F.
Bramstedt, K.
Damadeo, R.
Eichmann, K. -U.
Gebhardt, C.
Hurst, D.
Kraemer, M.
Lossow, S.
Read, W.
Spelten, N.
Stiller, G. P.
Walker, K. A.
Weber, M.
Bovensmann, H.
Burrows, J. P.
TI UTLS water vapour from SCIAMACHY limb measurements V3.01 (2002-2012)
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER; LOWER STRATOSPHERE UTLS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE;
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTRAL REGION; SATELLITE DATA; SAGE II;
VALIDATION; RETRIEVAL; MIPAS
AB The SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) aboard the Envisat satellite provided measurements from August 2002 until April 2012. SCIAMACHY measured the scattered or direct sunlight using different observation geometries. The limb viewing geometry allows the retrieval of water vapour at about 10-25 km height from the near-infrared spectral range (1353-1410 nm). These data cover the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), a region in the atmosphere which is of special interest for a variety of dynamical and chemical processes as well as for the radiative forcing. Here, the latest data version of water vapour (V3.01) from SCIAMACHY limb measurements is presented and validated by comparisons with data sets from other satellite and in situ measurements. Considering retrieval tests and the results of these comparisons, the V3.01 data are reliable from about 11 to 23 km and the best results are found in the middle of the profiles between about 14 and 20 km. Above 20 km in the extra tropics V3.01 is drier than all other data sets. Additionally, for altitudes above about 19 km, the vertical resolution of the retrieved profile is not sufficient to resolve signals with a short vertical structure like the tape recorder. Below 14 km, SCIAMACHY water vapour V3.01 is wetter than most col-located data sets, but the high variability of water vapour in the troposphere complicates the comparison. For 14-20 km height, the expected errors from the retrieval and simulations and the mean differences to collocated data sets are usually smaller than 10% when the resolution of the SCIAMACHY data is taken into account. In general, the temporal changes agree well with collocated data sets except for the Northern Hemisphere extratropical stratosphere, where larger differences are observed. This indicates a possible drift in V3.01 most probably caused by the incomplete treatment of volcanic aerosols in the retrieval. In all other regions a good temporal stability is shown. In the tropical stratosphere an increase in water vapour is found between 2002 and 2012, which is in agreement with other satellite data sets for overlapping time periods.
C1 [Weigel, K.; Rozanov, A.; Azam, F.; Bramstedt, K.; Eichmann, K. -U.; Gebhardt, C.; Weber, M.; Bovensmann, H.; Burrows, J. P.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys IUP, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
[Damadeo, R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Hurst, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hurst, D.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Kraemer, M.; Spelten, N.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res Stratosphere IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Lossow, S.; Stiller, G. P.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Read, W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Gebhardt, C.] Earth Observat Ctr, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt eV DLR, Bremen, Germany.
RP Weigel, K (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys IUP, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
EM weigel@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de
RI Weber, Mark/F-1409-2011; Bovensmann, Heinrich/P-4135-2016; Burrows,
John/B-6199-2014
OI Weber, Mark/0000-0001-8217-5450; Bovensmann,
Heinrich/0000-0001-8882-4108; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580
FU DFG [FOR 1095, GZ WE 3647/3-1]; ESA Project SPIN (ESA SPARC Initiative);
DLR Space Agency (Germany) [50EE0727]; SADOS (SCIAMACHY algorithm
development and operations support), European Commission EC SCOUT-O3;
University and State of Bremen; SCIAMACHY Quality Working Group Project
(ESA); Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council of Canada
FX This work has been supported by the DFG Research Unit FOR 1095
"Stratospheric Change and its role for Climate Prediction (SHARP)"
(Project: GZ WE 3647/3-1; www.fu-berlin.de/sharp/) and the ESA Project
SPIN (ESA SPARC Initiative). This study has been funded by the DLR Space
Agency (Germany), grant 50EE0727, and SADOS (SCIAMACHY algorithm
development and operations support), European Commission EC SCOUT-O3, by
the University and State of Bremen, and by the SCIAMACHY Quality Working
Group Project (ESA). Some data shown here were calculated on the German
HLRN (High-Performance Computer Center North). We are thankful to the
ECMWF for providing pressure, temperature, and surface elevation
information and to the authors of the thread-safe FORTRAN library
GALAHAD. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as
SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space
Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of
Canada. We thank Sam Oltmans and Dale F. Hurst (NOAA Earth System
Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division) for providing NOAA FPH
profile data. Our gratitude also goes to the HALOE science and data
processing teams for providing the profiles used in this study. We thank
the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology for providing MIPAS water vapour
data based on the scientific IMK/IAA processor. The MLS data used in
this research were produced by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration. Further thanks go to the NASA Langley Research
Center (NASA-LaRC) for providing SAGE II data.
NR 85
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 1
BP 133
EP 158
DI 10.5194/amt-9-133-2016
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4MI
UT WOS:000375610500011
ER
PT J
AU Roberto, N
Adirosi, E
Baldini, L
Casella, D
Dietrich, S
Gatlin, P
Panegrossi, G
Petracca, M
Sano, P
Tokay, A
AF Roberto, N.
Adirosi, E.
Baldini, L.
Casella, D.
Dietrich, S.
Gatlin, P.
Panegrossi, G.
Petracca, M.
Sano, P.
Tokay, A.
TI Multi-sensor analysis of convective activity in central Italy during the
HyMeX SOP 1.1
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROMETEOR IDENTIFICATION ALGORITHM; POLARIZATION RADAR MEASUREMENTS;
IN-SITU VERIFICATION; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION;
OPTICAL DISDROMETERS; PRECIPITATION RATES; LIGHTNING ACTIVITY; SIZE
DISTRIBUTION; MODEL
AB A multi-sensor analysis of convective precipitation events that occurred in central Italy in autumn 2012 during the HyMeX (Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean experiment) Special Observation Period (SOP) 1.1 is presented. Various microphysical properties of liquid and solid hydrometeors are examined to assess their relationship with lightning activity. The instrumentation used consisted of a C-band dual-polarization weather radar, a 2-D video disdrometer, and the LINET lightning network. Results of T-matrix simulation for graupel were used to (i) tune a fuzzy logic hydrometeor classification algorithm based on Liu and Chandrasekar (2000) for the detection of graupel from C-band dual-polarization radar measurements and (ii) to retrieve graupel ice water content. Graupel mass from radar measurements was related to lightning activity. Three significant case studies were analyzed and linear relations between the total mass of graupel and number of LINET strokes were found with different slopes depending on the nature of the convective event (such as updraft strength and freezing level height) and the radar observational geometry. A high coefficient of determination (R-2 = 0.856) and a slope in agreement with satellite measurements and model results for one of the case studies (15 October 2012) were found. Results confirm that one of the key features in the electrical charging of convective clouds is the ice content, although it is not the only one. Parameters of the gamma raindrop size distribution measured by a 2-D video disdrometer revealed the transition from a convective to a stratiform regime. The raindrop size spectra measured by a 2-D video disdrometer were used to partition rain into stratiform and convective classes. These results are further analyzed in relation to radar measurements and to the number of strokes. Lightning activity was not always recorded when the precipitation regime was classified as convective rain. High statistical scores were found for relationships relating lightning activity to graupel aloft.
C1 [Roberto, N.; Adirosi, E.; Baldini, L.; Casella, D.; Dietrich, S.; Panegrossi, G.; Petracca, M.; Sano, P.] CNR, Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima, Rome, Italy.
[Gatlin, P.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA.
[Petracca, M.] Univ Ferrara, Dept Phys, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
[Tokay, A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Tokay, A.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Roberto, N (reprint author), CNR, Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima, Rome, Italy.
EM nicoletta.roberto@artov.isac.cnr.it
RI Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; Dietrich, Stefano/C-3898-2015;
OI Dietrich, Stefano/0000-0003-3808-365X; Baldini,
Luca/0000-0001-5217-1205; Panegrossi, Giulia/0000-0002-5170-7087
NR 65
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 2
BP 535
EP 552
DI 10.5194/amt-9-535-2016
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4MS
UT WOS:000375612000014
ER
PT J
AU Barreto, A
Cuevas, E
Granados-Munoz, MJ
Alados-Arboledas, L
Romero, PM
Grobner, J
Kouremeti, N
Almansa, AF
Stone, T
Toledano, C
Roman, R
Sorokin, M
Holben, B
Canini, M
Yela, M
AF Barreto, Africa
Cuevas, Emilio
Granados-Munoz, Maraia-Jose
Alados-Arboledas, Lucas
Romero, Pedro M.
Groebner, Julian
Kouremeti, Natalia
Almansa, Antonio F.
Stone, Tom
Toledano, Carlos
Roman, Roberto
Sorokin, Mikhail
Holben, Brent
Canini, Marius
Yela, Margarita
TI The new sun-sky-lunar Cimel CE318-T multiband photometer - a
comprehensive performance evaluation
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; VAPOR COLUMN ABUNDANCE; WATER-VAPOR;
MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; STAR-PHOTOMETRY; SAHARAN
DUST; RAMAN LIDAR; DESERT DUST; AERONET
AB This paper presents the new photometer CE318-T, able to perform daytime and night-time photometric measurements using the sun and the moon as light source. Therefore, this new device permits a complete cycle of diurnal aerosol and water vapour measurements valuable to enhance atmospheric monitoring to be extracted. In this study we have found significantly higher precision of triplets when comparing the CE318-T master instrument and the Cimel AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) master (CE318-AERONET) triplets as a result of the new CE318-T tracking system. Regarding the instrument calibration, two new methodologies to transfer the calibration from a reference instrument using only daytime measurements (Sun Ratio and Sun-Moon gain factor techniques) are presented and discussed. These methods allow the reduction of the previous complexities inherent to nocturnal calibration. A quantitative estimation of CE318-T AOD uncertainty by means of error propagation theory during daytime revealed AOD uncertainties (u(AOD)(D)) for Langley-calibrated instruments similar to the expected values for other reference instruments (0.002-0.009). We have also found u(AOD)(D) values similar to the values reported in sun photometry for field instruments (similar to 0.015). In the case of the night-time period, the CE318-T-estimated standard combined uncertainty (u(AOD)(N)) is dependent not only on the calibration technique but also on illumination conditions and the instrumental noise. These values range from 0.011-0.018 for Lunar Langley-calibrated instruments to 0.012-0.021 for instruments calibrated using the Sun Ratio technique. In the case of moon-calibrated instruments using the Sun-Moon gain factor method and suncalibrated using the Langley technique, we found u(AOD)(N) ranging from 0.016 to 0.017 (up to 0.019 in 440 nm channel), not dependent on any lunar irradiance model.
A subsequent performance evaluation including CE318-T and collocated measurements from independent reference instruments has served to assess the CE318-T performance as well as to confirm its estimated uncertainty. Daytime AOD evaluation, performed at Izana station from March to June 2014, encompassed measurements from a reference CE318-T, a CE318-AERONET master instrument, a Precision Filter Radiometer (PFR) and a Precision Spectroradiometer (PSR) prototype, reporting low AOD discrepancies between the four instruments (up to 0.006). The nocturnal AOD evaluation was performed using CE318-T- and starphotometer-collocated measurements and also by means of a day/night coherence transition test using the CE318-T master instrument and the CE318 daytime data from the CE318-AERONET master instrument. Results showed low discrepancies with the star photometer at 870 and 500 nm channels (<= 0.013) and differences with AERONET daytime data (1 h after and before sunset and sunrise) in agreement with the estimated u(AOD)(N) values at all illumination conditions in the case of channels within the visible spectral range, and only for high moon's illumination conditions in the case of near-infrared channels.
Precipitable water vapour (PWV) validation showed a good agreement between CE318-T and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) PWV values for all illumination conditions, within the expected precision for sun photometry.
Finally, two case studies have been included to highlight the ability of the new CE318-T to capture the diurnal cycle of aerosols and water vapour as well as short-term atmospheric variations, critical for climate studies.
C1 [Barreto, Africa; Cuevas, Emilio; Romero, Pedro M.; Almansa, Antonio F.] Meteorol State Agcy Spain AEMET, Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, Madrid, Spain.
[Barreto, Africa; Almansa, Antonio F.; Canini, Marius] Cimel Elect, Paris, France.
[Granados-Munoz, Maraia-Jose; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas] Univ Granada, Dept Appl Phys, Granada, Spain.
[Granados-Munoz, Maraia-Jose; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas] Univ Granada, IISTA CEAMA, Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res, Junta Andalucia, Granada, Spain.
[Groebner, Julian; Kouremeti, Natalia] PMOD WRC, Davos, Switzerland.
[Stone, Tom] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Toledano, Carlos; Roman, Roberto] Univ Valladolid, Grp Opt Atmosfer, Valladolid, Spain.
[Sorokin, Mikhail; Holben, Brent] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Yela, Margarita] Natl Inst Aerosp Technol INTA, Instrumentat & Atmospher Res Dept, Madrid, Spain.
RP Barreto, A (reprint author), Meteorol State Agcy Spain AEMET, Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, Madrid, Spain.; Barreto, A (reprint author), Cimel Elect, Paris, France.
EM cimel1@aemet.es
RI Toledano, Carlos/J-3672-2012; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/P-5630-2014; Yela,
Margarita/J-7346-2016
OI Toledano, Carlos/0000-0002-6890-6648; Alados-Arboledas,
Lucas/0000-0003-3576-7167; Yela, Margarita/0000-0003-3775-3156
FU European Community [262254]; Andalusia regional government
[P12-RNM-2409, P10-RNM-6299]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology
[CGL2013-45410-R]; EU through ACTRIS project [EU
INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254]
FX This work has been developed within the framework of the activities of
the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Commission for Instruments
and Methods of Observations (CIMO) Izana Testbed for Aerosols and Water
Vapor Remote Sensing Instruments. The Granada GNSS station belongs to
the Instituto Andaluz de Geofisica. The AERONET sun photometers at Izana
have been calibrated within the AERONET-Europe TNA, supported by the
European Community-Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 ACTRIS
grant agreement no. 262254. The GAW-PFR network for AOD at WMO-GAW
global observatories has been implemented by the World Optical Depth
Research and Calibration Center (WORCC). This work has also been
supported by the Andalusia regional government through projects
P12-RNM-2409 and P10-RNM-6299, by the Spanish Ministry of Science and
Technology through project CGL2013-45410-R; and finally by the EU
through ACTRIS project (EU INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254). The authors wish
to thank to Angel Gomez Pelaez and Alberto Redondas for assisting the
authors with the instrument's uncertainty estimation.
NR 74
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 5
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 2
BP 631
EP 654
DI 10.5194/amt-9-631-2016
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4MS
UT WOS:000375612000020
ER
PT J
AU Kiel, M
Wunch, D
Wennberg, PO
Toon, GC
Hase, F
Blumenstock, T
AF Kiel, M.
Wunch, D.
Wennberg, P. O.
Toon, G. C.
Hase, F.
Blumenstock, T.
TI Improved retrieval of gas abundances from near-infrared solar FTIR
spectra measured at the Karlsruhe TCCON station
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID COLUMN OBSERVING NETWORK; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CO2; CALIBRATION; FTS;
SPECTROMETERS; SURFACE; SITES
AB We present a modified retrieval strategy for solar absorption spectra recorded by the Karlsruhe Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, which is operational within the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). In typical TCCON stations, the 3800-11 000 cm(-1) spectral region is measured on a single extended Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) detector. The Karlsruhe setup instead splits the spectrum across an Indium Antimonide (InSb) and InGaAs detector through the use of a dichroic beam splitter. This permits measurements further into the mid-infrared (MIR) that are of scientific interest, but are not considered TCCON measurements. This optical setup induces, however, larger variations in the continuum level of the solar spectra than the typical TCCON setup. Here we investigate the appropriate treatment of continuum-level variations in the retrieval strategy using the spectra recorded in Karlsruhe. The broad spectral windows used by TCCON require special attention with respect to residual curvature in the spectral fits. To accommodate the unique setup of Karlsruhe, higher-order discrete Legendre polynomial basis functions have been enabled in the TCCON retrieval code to fit the continuum. This improves spectral fits and air-mass dependencies for affected spectral windows. After fitting the continuum curvature, the Karlsruhe greenhouse gas records are in good agreement with other European TCCON data sets.
C1 [Kiel, M.; Hase, F.; Blumenstock, T.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Wunch, D.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Toon, G. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Kiel, M (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
EM matthaeus.kiel@kit.edu
FU KIT Graduate School for Climate and Environment (GRACE); EU project
NORS; NASA [NNX14AI60G]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Open Access
Publishing Fund of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
FX Special thanks are directed to the entire Caltech/JPL Team for making
the author's stay at the California Institute of Technology possible. We
would like to thank the KIT Graduate School for Climate and Environment
(GRACE) for supporting this analysis. This work has been supported by
the EU project NORS. We would like to thank NASA for support via grant
NNX14AI60G. We acknowledge support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
and the Open Access Publishing Fund of the Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology.
NR 22
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 4
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 2
BP 669
EP 682
DI 10.5194/amt-9-669-2016
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4MS
UT WOS:000375612000022
ER
PT J
AU Kulawik, S
Wunch, D
O'Dell, C
Frankenberg, C
Reuter, M
Oda, T
Chevallier, F
Sherlock, V
Buchwitz, M
Osterman, G
Miller, CE
Wennberg, PO
Griffith, D
Morino, I
Dubey, MK
Deutscher, NM
Notholt, J
Hase, F
Warneke, T
Sussmann, R
Robinson, J
Strong, K
Schneider, M
De Maziere, M
Shiomi, K
Feist, DG
Iraci, LT
Wolf, J
AF Kulawik, Susan
Wunch, Debra
O'Dell, Christopher
Frankenberg, Christian
Reuter, Maximilian
Oda, Tomohiro
Chevallier, Frederic
Sherlock, Vanessa
Buchwitz, Michael
Osterman, Greg
Miller, Charles E.
Wennberg, Paul O.
Griffith, David
Morino, Isamu
Dubey, Manvendra K.
Deutscher, Nicholas M.
Notholt, Justus
Hase, Frank
Warneke, Thorsten
Sussmann, Ralf
Robinson, John
Strong, Kimberly
Schneider, Matthias
De Maziere, Martine
Shiomi, Kei
Feist, Dietrich G.
Iraci, Laura T.
Wolf, Joyce
TI Consistent evaluation of ACOS-GOSAT, BESD-SCIAMACHY, CarbonTracker, and
MACC through comparisons to TCCON
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID COLUMN OBSERVING NETWORK; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RETRIEVAL
ALGORITHM; SURFACE FLUXES; X-CO2 DATA; SATELLITE; MODEL; CYCLE;
TRANSPORT
AB Consistent validation of satellite CO2 estimates is a prerequisite for using multiple satellite CO2 measurements for joint flux inversion, and for establishing an accurate long-term atmospheric CO2 data record. Harmonizing satellite CO2 measurements is particularly important since the differences in instruments, observing geometries, sampling strategies, etc. imbue different measurement characteristics in the various satellite CO2 data products. We focus on validating model and satellite observation attributes that impact flux estimates and CO2 assimilation, including accurate error estimates, correlated and random errors, overall biases, biases by season and latitude, the impact of coincidence criteria, validation of seasonal cycle phase and amplitude, yearly growth, and daily variability. We evaluate dry-air mole fraction (X-CO2) for Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) (Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space, ACOS b3.5) and SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) (Bremen Optimal Estimation DOAS, BESD v2.00.08) as well as the CarbonTracker (CT2013b) simulated CO2 mole fraction fields and the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) CO2 inversion system (v13.1) and compare these to Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) observations (GGG2012/2014). We find standard deviations of 0.9, 0.9, 1.7, and 2.1 ppm vs. TCCON for CT2013b, MACC, GOSAT, and SCIAMACHY, respectively, with the single observation errors 1.9 and 0.9 times the predicted errors for GOSAT and SCIAMACHY, respectively. We quantify how satellite error drops with data averaging by interpreting according to error(2) = a(2) + b(2) / n (with n being the number of observations averaged, a the systematic (correlated) errors, and b the random (uncorrelated) errors). a and b are estimated by satellites, coincidence criteria, and hemisphere. Biases at individual stations have year-to-year variability of similar to 0.3 ppm, with biases larger than the TCCON-predicted bias uncertainty of 0.4 ppm at many stations. We find that GOSAT and CT2013b underpredict the seasonal cycle amplitude in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) between 46 and 53 degrees N, MACC overpredicts between 26 and 37 ffi N, and CT2013b underpredicts the seasonal cycle amplitude in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). The seasonal cycle phase indicates whether a data set or model lags another data set in time. We find that the GOSAT measurements improve the seasonal cycle phase substantially over the prior while SCIAMACHY measurements improve the phase significantly for just two of seven sites. The models reproduce the measured seasonal cycle phase well except for at Lauder_125HR (CT2013b) and Darwin (MACC). We compare the variability within 1 day between TCCON and models in JJA; there is correlation between 0.2 and 0.8 in the NH, with models showing 10-50% the variability of TCCON at different stations and CT2013b showing more variability than MACC. This paper highlights findings that provide inputs to estimate flux errors in model assimilations, and places where models and satellites need further investigation, e.g., the SH for models and 4567 ffi N for GOSAT and CT2013b.
C1 [Kulawik, Susan] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA.
[Wunch, Debra; Frankenberg, Christian; Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[O'Dell, Christopher] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Frankenberg, Christian; Osterman, Greg; Miller, Charles E.; Wolf, Joyce] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Reuter, Maximilian; Buchwitz, Michael; Deutscher, Nicholas M.; Notholt, Justus; Warneke, Thorsten] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
[Oda, Tomohiro] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD USA.
[Oda, Tomohiro] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Chevallier, Frederic; Sherlock, Vanessa] Meteorol Dynam Lab, Palaiseau, France.
[Sherlock, Vanessa; Robinson, John] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand.
[Sherlock, Vanessa; Robinson, John] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand.
[Griffith, David; Deutscher, Nicholas M.] Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
[Morino, Isamu] Natl Inst Environm Studies NIES, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Dubey, Manvendra K.; Schneider, Matthias] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Hase, Frank; Sussmann, Ralf] Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK ASF, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Strong, Kimberly] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[De Maziere, Martine] Royal Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium.
[Shiomi, Kei] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Earth Observat Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Feist, Dietrich G.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
[Iraci, Laura T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Atmospher Sci Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Kulawik, S (reprint author), Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA.
EM susan.s.kulawik@nasa.gov
RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Feist,
Dietrich/B-6489-2013; Reuter, Maximilian/L-3752-2014; Schneider,
Matthias/B-1441-2013; Sussmann, Ralf/K-3999-2012; Frankenberg,
Christian/A-2944-2013; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016
OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569;
Feist, Dietrich/0000-0002-5890-6687; Reuter,
Maximilian/0000-0001-9141-3895; Frankenberg,
Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X
FU NASA Roses ESDR-ERR [10/10-ESDRERR10-0031]; ESA (GHG-CCI project of
ESA's Climate Change Initiative); University and state of Bremen;
LANL-LDRD [20110081DR]; EU H2020 Programme (MACC III) [630080]
FX Funded by NASA Roses ESDR-ERR 10/10-ESDRERR10-0031, "Estimation of
biases and errors of CO2 satellite observations from AIRS, GOSAT,
SCIAMACHY, TES, and OCO-2".; Maximilian Reuter and Michael Buchwitz
received funding from ESA (GHG-CCI project of ESA's Climate Change
Initiative) and from the University and state of Bremen.; Manvendra K.
Dubey is grateful for the funding for monitoring at Four Corners by
LANL-LDRD, 20110081DR.; Frederic Chevallier received funding from the EU
H2020 Programme (grant agreement no. 630080, MACC III). NCEP Reanalysis
data used in dynamic coincidence criteria were provided by the
NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their website at
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. Thanks to Andrew R. Jacobson for help
with CarbonTracker.
NR 60
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 8
U2 25
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 2
BP 683
EP 709
DI 10.5194/amt-9-683-2016
PG 27
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4MS
UT WOS:000375612000023
ER
PT J
AU Plieninger, J
Laeng, A
Lossow, S
von Clarmann, T
Stiller, GP
Kellmann, S
Linden, A
Kiefer, M
Walker, KA
Noel, S
Hervig, ME
McHugh, M
Lambert, A
Urban, J
Elkins, JW
Murtagh, D
AF Plieninger, Johannes
Laeng, Alexandra
Lossow, Stefan
von Clarmann, Thomas
Stiller, Gabriele P.
Kellmann, Sylvia
Linden, Andrea
Kiefer, Michael
Walker, Kaley A.
Noel, Stefan
Hervig, Mark E.
McHugh, Martin
Lambert, Alyn
Urban, Joachim
Elkins, James W.
Murtagh, Donal
TI Validation of revised methane and nitrous oxide profiles from
MIPAS-ENVISAT
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID RETRIEVALS; ACE; TEMPERATURE; MISSION; HNO3; CLO; N2O; O-3; CH4
AB Improved versions of CH4 and N2O profiles derived at the Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research and Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC) from spectra measured by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) have become available. For the MIPAS full-resolution period (2002-2004) these are V5H_CH4_21 and V5H_N2O_21 and for the reduced-resolution period (2005-2012) these are V5R_CH4_224, V5R_CH4_225, V5R_N2O_224 and V5R_N2O_225. Here, we compare CH4 profiles to those measured by the Fourier Transform Spectrometer on board of the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE-FTS), the HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIA-MACHY), to the Global Cooperative Air Sampling Network (GCASN) surface data. We find the MIPAS CH4 profiles below 25 km to be typically higher of the order of 0.1 ppmv for both measurement periods. N2O profiles are compared to those measured by ACE-FTS, the Microwave Limb Sounder on board of the Aura satellite (Aura-MLS) and the Sub-millimetre Radiometer on board of the Odin satellite (Odin-SMR) as well as to the Halocarbons and other Atmospheric Trace Species Group (HATS) surface data. The mixing ratios of the satellite instruments agree well with each other for the full-resolution period. For the reduced-resolution period, MIPAS produces similar values as Odin-SMR, but higher values than ACE-FTS and HATS. Below 27 km, the MIPAS profiles show higher mixing ratios than Aura-MLS, and lower values between 27 and 41 km. Cross-comparisons between the two MIPAS measurement periods show that they generally agree quite well, but, especially for CH4, the reduced-resolution period seems to produce slightly higher mixing ratios than the full-resolution data.
C1 [Plieninger, Johannes; Laeng, Alexandra; Lossow, Stefan; von Clarmann, Thomas; Stiller, Gabriele P.; Kellmann, Sylvia; Linden, Andrea; Kiefer, Michael] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Walker, Kaley A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Noel, Stefan] Univ Bremen, Inst Umweltphys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
[Hervig, Mark E.] GATS Inc, Driggs, ID USA.
[McHugh, Martin] Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Lambert, Alyn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Elkins, James W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Urban, Joachim; Murtagh, Donal] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
RP Plieninger, J (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
EM johannes.plieninger@kit.edu
RI Murtagh, Donal/F-8694-2011
OI Murtagh, Donal/0000-0003-1539-3559
FU "Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM"; National Aeronautics and Space
Administration; Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council of Canada; Helmholtz Association of German research
centres (HGF)
FX J. Plieninger was funded by the "Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM"
(Regional Climate Change), a joint research project of the Helmholtz
Association of German research centres (HGF).; Work at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried
out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.; The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known
as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian
Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
of Canada.
NR 33
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 2
BP 765
EP 779
DI 10.5194/amt-9-765-2016
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4MS
UT WOS:000375612000028
ER
PT J
AU McCorkel, J
Cairns, B
Wasilewski, A
AF McCorkel, Joel
Cairns, Brian
Wasilewski, Andrzej
TI Imager-to-radiometer in-flight cross calibration: RSP radiometric
comparison with airborne and satellite sensors
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID PERFORMANCE; OLI
AB This work develops a method to compare the radiometric calibration between a radiometer and imagers hosted on aircraft and satellites. The radiometer is the airborne Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP), which takes multi-angle, photo-polarimetric measurements in several spectral channels. The RSP measurements used in this work were coincident with measurements made by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), which was on the same aircraft. These airborne measurements were also coincident with an overpass of the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI). First we compare the RSP and OLI radiance measurements to AVIRIS since the spectral response of the multispectral instruments can be used to synthesize a spectrally equivalent signal from the imaging spectrometer data. We then explore a method that uses AVIRIS as a transfer between RSP and OLI to show that radiometric traceability of a satellite-based imager can be used to calibrate a radiometer despite differences in spectral channel sensitivities. This calibration transfer shows agreement within the uncertainty of both the various instruments for most spectral channels.
C1 [McCorkel, Joel] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Cairns, Brian; Wasilewski, Andrzej] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Wasilewski, Andrzej] Trinovim LLC, New York, NY USA.
RP McCorkel, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
EM joel.mccorkel@nasa.gov
RI McCorkel, Joel/D-4454-2012;
OI McCorkel, Joel/0000-0003-2853-2036; Cairns, Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022
FU NASA; HySPIRI airborne preparatory program
FX We would like to thank the NASA Radiation Sciences and Ocean Biology and
Biogeochemistry programs and the HySPIRI airborne preparatory program
for funding the acquisition of airborne data that is used in this paper.
We would also like to thank the NASA Climate Absolute Radiance and
Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) Decadal Survey mission for support in
advancing sensor intercalibration techniques shown in this work.
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 3
BP 955
EP 962
DI 10.5194/amt-9-955-2016
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4NF
UT WOS:000375613600006
ER
PT J
AU Taylor, TE
O'Dell, CW
Frankenberg, C
Partain, PT
Cronk, HQ
Savtchenko, A
Nelson, RR
Rosenthal, EJ
Chang, AY
Fisher, B
Osterman, GB
Pollock, RH
Crisp, D
Eldering, A
Gunson, MR
AF Taylor, Thomas E.
O'Dell, Christopher W.
Frankenberg, Christian
Partain, Philip T.
Cronk, Heather Q.
Savtchenko, Andrey
Nelson, Robert R.
Rosenthal, Emily J.
Chang, Albert Y.
Fisher, Brenden
Osterman, Gregory B.
Pollock, Randy H.
Crisp, David
Eldering, Annmarie
Gunson, Michael R.
TI Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) cloud screening algorithms:
validation against collocated MODIS and CALIOP data
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID GASES OBSERVING SATELLITE; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; A-TRAIN; CO2 RETRIEVAL;
AEROSOL; SPACE; AIRCRAFT; MISSION; CIRRUS; BIAS
AB The objective of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) mission is to retrieve the column-averaged carbon dioxide (CO2) dry air mole fraction (X-CO2) from satellite measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared. These estimates can be biased by clouds and aerosols, i.e., contamination, within the instrument's field of view. Screening of the most contaminated soundings minimizes unnecessary calls to the computationally expensive Level 2 (L2) X-CO2 retrieval algorithm. Hence, robust cloud screening methods have been an important focus of the OCO-2 algorithm development team. Two distinct, computationally inexpensive cloud screening algorithms have been developed for this application. The A-Band Preprocessor (ABP) retrieves the surface pressure using measurements in the 0.76 mu m O-2 A band, neglecting scattering by clouds and aerosols, which introduce photon path-length differences that can cause large deviations between the expected and retrieved surface pressure. The Iterative Maximum A Posteriori (IMAP) Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) Preprocessor (IDP) retrieves independent estimates of the CO2 and H2O column abundances using observations taken at 1.61 mu m (weak CO2 band) and 2.06 mu m (strong CO2 band), while neglecting atmospheric scattering. The CO2 and H2O column abundances retrieved in these two spectral regions differ significantly in the presence of cloud and scattering aerosols. The combination of these two algorithms, which are sensitive to different features in the spectra, provides the basis for cloud screening of the OCO-2 data set.
To validate the OCO-2 cloud screening approach, collocated measurements from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS), aboard the Aqua platform, were compared to results from the two OCO-2 cloud screening algorithms. With tuning of algorithmic threshold parameters that allows for processing of similar or equal to 20-25% of all OCO-2 soundings, agreement between the OCO-2 and MODIS cloud screening methods is found to be similar or equal to 85% over four 16-day orbit repeat cycles in both the winter (December) and spring (April-May) for OCO-2 nadir-land, glint-land and glint-water observations.
No major, systematic, spatial or temporal dependencies were found, although slight differences in the seasonal data sets do exist and validation is more problematic with increasing solar zenith angle and when surfaces are covered in snow and ice and have complex topography. To further analyze the performance of the cloud screening algorithms, an initial comparison of OCO-2 observations was made to collocated measurements from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aboard the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). These comparisons highlight the strength of the OCO-2 cloud screening algorithms in identifying high, thin clouds but suggest some difficulty in identifying some clouds near the surface, even when the optical thicknesses are greater than 1.
C1 [Taylor, Thomas E.; O'Dell, Christopher W.; Partain, Philip T.; Cronk, Heather Q.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Frankenberg, Christian] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Frankenberg, Christian; Chang, Albert Y.; Fisher, Brenden; Osterman, Gregory B.; Pollock, Randy H.; Crisp, David; Eldering, Annmarie; Gunson, Michael R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Savtchenko, Andrey] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 610-2 ADNET, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Nelson, Robert R.; Rosenthal, Emily J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Taylor, TE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM tommy.taylor@colostate.edu
RI Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013
OI Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857
FU JPL [1439002]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX The CSU contribution to this work was supported by JPL subcontract
1439002. A portion of the research described in this paper was carried
out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
NR 42
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Z9 8
U1 6
U2 16
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 3
BP 973
EP 989
DI 10.5194/amt-9-973-2016
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4NF
UT WOS:000375613600008
ER
PT J
AU Wandinger, U
Freudenthaler, V
Baars, H
Amodeo, A
Engelmann, R
Mattis, I
Gross, S
Pappalardo, G
Giunta, A
D'Amico, G
Chaikovsky, A
Osipenko, F
Slesar, A
Nicolae, D
Belegante, L
Talianu, C
Serikov, I
Linne, H
Jansen, F
Apituley, A
Wilson, KM
de Graaf, M
Trickl, T
Giehl, H
Adam, M
Comeron, A
Munoz-Porcar, C
Rocadenbosch, F
Sicard, M
Tomas, S
Lange, D
Kumar, D
Pujadas, M
Molero, F
Fernandez, AJ
Alados-Arboledas, L
Bravo-Aranda, JA
Navas-Guzman, F
Guerrero-Rascado, JL
Granados-Munoz, MJ
Preissler, J
Wagner, F
Gausa, M
Grigorov, I
Stoyanov, D
Iarlori, M
Rizi, V
Spinelli, N
Boselli, A
Wang, X
Lo Feudo, T
Perrone, MR
De Tomasi, F
Burlizzi, P
AF Wandinger, Ulla
Freudenthaler, Volker
Baars, Holger
Amodeo, Aldo
Engelmann, Ronny
Mattis, Ina
Gross, Silke
Pappalardo, Gelsomina
Giunta, Aldo
D'Amico, Giuseppe
Chaikovsky, Anatoli
Osipenko, Fiodor
Slesar, Alexander
Nicolae, Doina
Belegante, Livio
Talianu, Camelia
Serikov, Ilya
Linne, Holger
Jansen, Friedhelm
Apituley, Arnoud
Wilson, Keith M.
de Graaf, Martin
Trickl, Thomas
Giehl, Helmut
Adam, Mariana
Comeron, Adolfo
Munoz-Porcar, Constantino
Rocadenbosch, Francesc
Sicard, Michael
Tomas, Sergio
Lange, Diego
Kumar, Dhiraj
Pujadas, Manuel
Molero, Francisco
Fernandez, Alfonso J.
Alados-Arboledas, Lucas
Bravo-Aranda, Juan Antonio
Navas-Guzman, Francisco
Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis
Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose
Preissler, Jana
Wagner, Frank
Gausa, Michael
Grigorov, Ivan
Stoyanov, Dimitar
Iarlori, Marco
Rizi, Vincenco
Spinelli, Nicola
Boselli, Antonella
Wang, Xuan
Lo Feudo, Teresa
Perrone, Maria Rita
De Tomasi, Ferdinando
Burlizzi, Pasquale
TI EARLINET instrument intercomparison campaigns: overview on strategy and
results
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID RAMAN LIDAR; MULTIWAVELENGTH LIDAR; AEROSOL EXTINCTION; BACKSCATTER
LIDAR; PARAMETERS; FRAMEWORK; PROFILES; PROJECT; RATIO; DEPOLARIZATION
AB This paper introduces the recent European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) quality-assurance efforts at instrument level. Within two dedicated campaigns and five single-site intercomparison activities, 21 EARLINET systems from 18 EARLINET stations were intercompared between 2009 and 2013. A comprehensive strategy for campaign setup and data evaluation has been established. Eleven systems from nine EARLINET stations participated in the EARLINET Lidar Intercomparison 2009 (EARLI09). In this campaign, three reference systems were qualified which served as traveling standards thereafter. EARLINET systems from nine other stations have been compared against these reference systems since 2009. We present and discuss comparisons at signal and at product level from all campaigns for more than 100 individual measurement channels at the wavelengths of 355, 387, 532, and 607 nm. It is shown that in most cases, a very good agreement of the compared systems with the respective reference is obtained. Mean signal deviations in predefined height ranges are typically below +/- 2 %. Particle backscatter and extinction coefficients agree within +/- 2 x 10(-4) km(-1) sr(-1) and +/- 0.01 km(-1), respectively, in most cases. For systems or channels that showed larger discrepancies, an in-depth analysis of deficiencies was performed and technical solutions and upgrades were proposed and realized. The intercomparisons have reinforced confidence in the EARLINET data quality and allowed us to draw conclusions on necessary system improvements for some instruments and to identify major challenges that need to be tackled in the future.
C1 [Wandinger, Ulla; Baars, Holger; Engelmann, Ronny; Mattis, Ina] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
[Freudenthaler, Volker; Gross, Silke] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80539 Munich, Germany.
[Amodeo, Aldo; Pappalardo, Gelsomina; Giunta, Aldo; D'Amico, Giuseppe; Boselli, Antonella] CNR, Ist Metodol Anal Ambientale, Potenza, Italy.
[Chaikovsky, Anatoli; Osipenko, Fiodor; Slesar, Alexander] Natl Acad Sci Belarus, BI Stepanov Phys Inst, Minsk, Byelarus.
[Nicolae, Doina; Belegante, Livio; Talianu, Camelia] Natl Inst Res & Dev Optoelect, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania.
[Serikov, Ilya; Linne, Holger; Jansen, Friedhelm] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
[Apituley, Arnoud; Wilson, Keith M.; de Graaf, Martin] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands.
[Trickl, Thomas; Giehl, Helmut] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch Atmosphar Umweltforsc, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany.
[Adam, Mariana] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy.
[Comeron, Adolfo; Munoz-Porcar, Constantino; Rocadenbosch, Francesc; Sicard, Michael; Tomas, Sergio; Lange, Diego; Kumar, Dhiraj] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain.
[Pujadas, Manuel; Molero, Francisco; Fernandez, Alfonso J.] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, Dept Environm, Madrid, Spain.
[Alados-Arboledas, Lucas; Bravo-Aranda, Juan Antonio; Navas-Guzman, Francisco; Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis; Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose] Univ Granada, Fac Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Granada, Spain.
[Alados-Arboledas, Lucas; Bravo-Aranda, Juan Antonio; Navas-Guzman, Francisco; Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis; Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose] Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res, Granada, Spain.
[Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis; Preissler, Jana; Wagner, Frank] Univ Evora, Ctr Geofis Evora, Evora, Portugal.
[Gausa, Michael] Andoya Rocket Range, Alomar, Andoya, Norway.
[Grigorov, Ivan; Stoyanov, Dimitar] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Elect, Sofia, Bulgaria.
[Iarlori, Marco; Rizi, Vincenco] Univ Aquila, CETEMPS DSFC, I-67100 Laquila, Italy.
[Spinelli, Nicola; Lo Feudo, Teresa] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Fis, Naples, Italy.
[Spinelli, Nicola; Boselli, Antonella; Wang, Xuan; Lo Feudo, Teresa] Consorzio Nazl Interuniv Sci Fis Mat, Naples, Italy.
[Wang, Xuan] CNR, Ist Superconduttori Mat Innovat & Disposit, Naples, Italy.
[Wagner, Frank; Perrone, Maria Rita; De Tomasi, Ferdinando; Burlizzi, Pasquale] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, Lecce, Italy.
[Mattis, Ina] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Meteorol Observ Hohenpeissenberg, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany.
[Gross, Silke] Inst Atmospher Phys, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[de Graaf, Martin] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Delft, Netherlands.
[Adam, Mariana] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Tomas, Sergio] Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
[Lange, Diego] Univ Catolica Boliviana San Pablo, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
[Kumar, Dhiraj] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
[Navas-Guzman, Francisco] Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
[Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose] Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA USA.
[Preissler, Jana] Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Phys, Ctr Climate & Air Pollut Studies, Galway, Ireland.
[Lo Feudo, Teresa] UOS Lamezia Terme, Ist Sci Atmosfera Clima, Consiglio Nazl Ric, Rome, Italy.
RP Wandinger, U (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
EM ulla@tropos.de
RI Nicolae, Doina/I-4999-2016; Rocadenbosch, Francesc/G-5060-2015; Sicard,
Michael/K-9064-2013; Comeron, Adolfo/M-5507-2013; Trickl,
Thomas/F-7331-2010; WANG, Xuan/F-1243-2011; Guerrero Rascado, Juan
Luis/K-3631-2013; Molero, Francisco/H-4829-2012; Belegante,
Livio/B-5812-2012;
OI Rocadenbosch, Francesc/0000-0001-8614-4408; Sicard,
Michael/0000-0001-8287-9693; Comeron, Adolfo/0000-0001-6886-3679; WANG,
Xuan/0000-0002-0830-0898; Molero, Francisco/0000-0001-5075-0801; Navas
Guzman, Francisco/0000-0002-0905-4385; Rizi,
Vincenzo/0000-0002-5277-6527; Alados-Arboledas,
Lucas/0000-0003-3576-7167; Guerrero-Rascado, J. L./0000-0002-8317-2304
FU European Commission [RICA-025991, 262254, 654109]; ESA under the ESRIN
contract [22202/09/I-EC]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and
Competitiveness [TEC2012-34575]; Spanish Ministry of Science and
Innovation [UNPC10-4E-442]; Department of Economy and Knowledge of the
Catalonia autonomous government [2014 SGR 583]; [229907
FP7-REGPOT-2008-1]
FX The financial support for EARLINET-ASOS by the European Commission in
the Sixth Framework Programme under grant RICA-025991, for ACTRIS in the
Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 262254, and for
ACTRIS-2 in HORIZON 2020 under grant agreement no. 654109, as well as
the ESA financial support under the ESRIN contract no. 22202/09/I-EC,
are gratefully acknowledged. We thank Julia Fruntke, Christian Herold,
and the technical staff of TROPOS for the logistical support, radiosonde
launches, and weather forecast during EARLI09, as well as the Atmosphere
Group of INTA-Madrid for their support with the radiosounding during
SPALI10. The Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya wishes to acknowledge
the technical and logistic support of Joaquim Giner and Ruben Tardio.
The work of the INOE team was supported by grant no. 229907
FP7-REGPOT-2008-1. The Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya group
received support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and
Competitiveness (project TEC2012-34575) and of Science and Innovation
(project UNPC10-4E-442), as well as from the Department of Economy and
Knowledge of the Catalonia autonomous government (grant 2014 SGR 583).
NR 39
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PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 3
BP 1001
EP 1023
DI 10.5194/amt-9-1001-2016
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4NF
UT WOS:000375613600010
ER
PT J
AU Olsen, KS
Toon, GC
Boone, CD
Strong, K
AF Olsen, Kevin S.
Toon, Geoffrey C.
Boone, Chris D.
Strong, Kimberly
TI New temperature and pressure retrieval algorithm for high-resolution
infrared solar occultation spectroscopy: analysis and validation against
ACE-FTS and COSMIC
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; RADIO OCCULTATION; WATER-VAPOR; HERSCHEL/HIFI
OBSERVATIONS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; 1ST DETECTION;
MARS-EXPRESS; UPPER LIMITS; GALE CRATER
AB Motivated by the initial selection of a high-resolution solar occultation Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) to fly to Mars on the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, we have been developing algorithms for retrieving volume mixing ratio vertical profiles of trace gases, the primary component of which is a new algorithm and software for retrieving vertical profiles of temperature and pressure from the spectra. In contrast to Earth-observing instruments, which can rely on accurate meteorological models, a priori information, and spacecraft position, Mars retrievals require a method with minimal reliance on such data. The temperature and pressure retrieval algorithms developed for this work were evaluated using Earth-observing spectra from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) FTS, a solar occultation instrument in orbit since 2003, and the basis for the instrument selected for a Mars mission. ACE-FTS makes multiple measurements during an occultation, separated in altitude by 1.5-5 km, and we analyse 10 CO2 vibration-rotation bands at each altitude, each with a different usable altitude range. We describe the algorithms and present results of their application and their comparison to the ACE-FTS data products. The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) provides vertical profiles of temperature up to 40 km with high vertical resolution. Using six satellites and GPS radio occultation, COSMIC's data product has excellent temporal and spatial coverage, allowing us to find coincident measurements with ACE with very tight criteria: less than 1.5 h and 150 km. We present an intercomparison of temperature profiles retrieved from ACE-FTS using our algorithm, that of the ACE Science Team (v3.5), and from COSMIC. When our retrievals are compared to ACE-FTS v3.5, we find mean differences between -5 and +2K and that our retrieved profiles have no seasonal or zonal biases but do have a warm bias in the stratosphere and a cold bias in the mesosphere. When compared to COSMIC, we do not observe a warm/cool bias and mean differences are between -4 and +1 K. COSMIC comparisons are restricted to below 40 km, where our retrievals have the best agreement with ACE-FTS v3.5. When comparing ACE-FTS v3.5 to COSMIC we observe a cold bias in COSMIC of 0.5 K, and mean differences are between -0.9 and +0.6 K.
C1 [Olsen, Kevin S.; Strong, Kimberly] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Toon, Geoffrey C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Boone, Chris D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
RP Olsen, KS (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
EM ksolsen@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca
FU CSA; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
FX Funding for this project was provided by the CSA and the Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). We would
like to thank the ACE Science Team for providing Level 1 data (spectra),
for providing other input and output files from their own retrievals,
and for their help and input throughput the project. We want to thank
members of TCCON and collaborators on MATMOS for help with GGG and
retrieval theory. The COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center provided
their data for comparison through the website
http://cdaac-www.cosmic.ucar.edu/cdaac/. NCEP reanalysis data were
provided by the NOAA from their website http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/.
NR 82
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 3
BP 1063
EP 1082
DI 10.5194/amt-9-1063-2016
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4NF
UT WOS:000375613600014
ER
PT J
AU Granados-Munoz, MJ
Bravo-Aranda, JA
Baumgardner, D
Guerrero-Rascado, JL
Perez-Ramirez, D
Navas-Guzman, F
Veselovskii, I
Lyamani, H
Valenzuela, A
Olmo, FJ
Titos, G
Andrey, J
Chaikovsky, A
Dubovik, O
Gil-Ojeda, M
Alados-Arboledas, L
AF Jose Granados-Munoz, Maria
Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Juan
Baumgardner, Darrel
Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Juan
Perez-Ramirez, Daniel
Navas-Guzman, Francisco
Veselovskii, Igor
Lyamani, Hassan
Valenzuela, Antonio
Jose Olmo, Francisco
Titos, Gloria
Andrey, Javier
Chaikovsky, Anatoli
Dubovik, Oleg
Gil-Ojeda, Manuel
Alados-Arboledas, Lucas
TI A comparative study of aerosol microphysical properties retrieved from
ground-based remote sensing and aircraft in situ measurements during a
Saharan dust event
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTIWAVELENGTH LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PARTICLE COUNTERS; SKY
RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; RAMAN LIDAR; MINERAL DUST; DESERT DUST; SIZE
DISTRIBUTION; LINEAR-ESTIMATION; DEPOLARIZATION RATIOS;
CIRCULAR-CYLINDERS
AB reveal the presence of dust layers between 3 and 5 km a.s.l. with volume concentrations of the coarse spheroid mode up to 60 mu m(3) cm(3). The combined use of the regularization and LIRIC methods reveals the night-to-day evolution of the vertical structure of the mineral dust microphysical properties and offers complementary information to that from column-integrated variables retrieved from passive remote sensing. Additionally, lidar depolarization profiles and LIRIC retrieved volume concentration are compared with aircraft in situ measurements. This study presents for the first time a comparison of the total volume concentration retrieved with LIRIC with independent in situ measurements, obtaining agreement within the estimated uncertainties for both methods and quite good agreement for the vertical distribution of the aerosol layers. Regarding the depolarization, the first published data set of the CAS-POL for polarization ratios is presented here and qualitatively compared with the lidar technique.In this work we present an analysis of aerosol microphysical properties during a mineral dust event taking advantage of the combination of different state-of-the-art retrieval techniques applied to active and passive remote sensing measurements and the evaluation of some of those techniques using independent data acquired from in situ aircraft measurements. Data were collected in a field campaign performed during a mineral dust outbreak at the Granada, Spain, experimental site (37.16 degrees N, 3.61 degrees W, 680ma.s.l.) on 27 June 2011. Column-integrated properties are provided by sun-and star-photometry, which allows for a continuous evaluation of the mineral dust optical properties during both day and nighttime. Both the linear estimation and AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) inversion algorithms are applied for the retrieval of the column-integrated microphysical particle properties. In addition, vertically resolved microphysical properties are obtained from a multi-wavelength Raman lidar system included in EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network), by using both LIRIC (Lidar Radiometer Inversion Code) algorithm during daytime and an algorithm applied to the Raman measurements based on the regularization technique during nighttime. LIRIC retrievals
C1 [Jose Granados-Munoz, Maria; Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Juan; Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Juan; Lyamani, Hassan; Valenzuela, Antonio; Jose Olmo, Francisco; Titos, Gloria; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas] Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res IISTA CEAMA, Avd Mediterraneo, Granada 18006, Spain.
[Jose Granados-Munoz, Maria; Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Juan; Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Juan; Lyamani, Hassan; Valenzuela, Antonio; Jose Olmo, Francisco; Titos, Gloria; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas] Univ Granada, Dept Appl Phys, Fuentenueva S-N, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
[Baumgardner, Darrel] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Perez-Ramirez, Daniel] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Perez-Ramirez, Daniel] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA.
[Navas-Guzman, Francisco] Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
[Veselovskii, Igor] Inst Gen Phys, Phys Instrumentat Ctr, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia.
[Andrey, Javier; Gil-Ojeda, Manuel] Inst Nacl Tecn Aeroespacial, Ctra Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejon De Ardoz 28850, Spain.
[Chaikovsky, Anatoli] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Minsk, Byelarus.
[Dubovik, Oleg] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, Bat P5 Cite Sci, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
[Jose Granados-Munoz, Maria] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA USA.
[Andrey, Javier] Meteo France, CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France.
RP Granados-Munoz, MJ (reprint author), Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res IISTA CEAMA, Avd Mediterraneo, Granada 18006, Spain.; Granados-Munoz, MJ (reprint author), Univ Granada, Dept Appl Phys, Fuentenueva S-N, E-18071 Granada, Spain.; Granados-Munoz, MJ (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA USA.
EM mamunoz@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Perez-Ramirez, Daniel/Q-1129-2016; Guerrero Rascado, Juan
Luis/K-3631-2013; Olmo Reyes, Francisco Jose/F-7621-2016;
OI Perez-Ramirez, Daniel/0000-0002-7679-6135; Titos Vela,
Gloria/0000-0003-3630-5079; Olmo Reyes, Francisco
Jose/0000-0002-0186-1721; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/0000-0003-3576-7167;
Guerrero-Rascado, J. L./0000-0002-8317-2304
FU Andalusia Regional Government [P12-RNM-2409]; Spanish Ministry of
Economy and Competitiveness [CGL2013-45410-R]; European Union's Horizon
research and innovation programme through project ACTRIS-2 [654109];
ACTRIS (European Union) [262254]; [AP2009-0552]
FX This work was supported by the Andalusia Regional Government through
project P12-RNM-2409, by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and
Competitiveness through project CGL2013-45410-R and by the European
Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme through project
ACTRIS-2 (grant agreement No 654109). The authors thankfully acknowledge
the FEDER program for the instrumentation used in this work. CIMEL
Calibration was performed at the AERONET-EUROPE calibration center,
supported by ACTRIS (European Union Seventh Framework Program
(FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 262254. M. J. Granados-Munoz
was funded under grant AP2009-0552. The authors thankfully acknowledge
the computer resources, technical expertise, and assistance provided by
the Barcelona Supercomputing Center for the BSC-DREAM8b model dust data.
The authors express gratitude to the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory for
the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and those at the NRL-Monterey
that helped in the development of the NAAPS model. We also express our
gratitude to the developers of LIRIC algorithm and software. We also
thank N. T. O'Neill for providing the Spectral Deconvolution Algorithm
used in the star-photometer. Thanks are also due to INTA Aerial
Platforms, a branch of the Spanish ICTS program, and the Spanish Air
Force for their efforts in maintaining and operating the aircraft. We
would like to thank Ping Yang of Texas A&M University for providing the
results of his simulations of light scattering from different types of
ice crystals.
NR 100
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 3
BP 1113
EP 1133
DI 10.5194/amt-9-1113-2016
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4NF
UT WOS:000375613600017
ER
PT J
AU Chaikovsky, A
Dubovik, O
Holben, B
Bril, A
Goloub, P
Tanre, D
Pappalardo, G
Wandinger, U
Chaikovskaya, L
Denisov, S
Grudo, J
Lopatin, A
Karol, Y
Lapyonok, T
Amiridis, V
Ansmann, A
Apituley, A
Alados-Arboledas, L
Binietoglou, I
Boselli, A
D'Amico, G
Freudenthaler, V
Giles, D
Granados-Munoz, MJ
Kokkalis, P
Nicolae, D
Oshchepkov, S
Papayannis, A
Perrone, MR
Pietruczuk, A
Rocadenbosch, F
Sicard, M
Slutsker, I
Talianu, C
De Tomasi, F
Tsekeri, A
Wagner, J
Wang, X
AF Chaikovsky, Anatoli
Dubovik, Oleg
Holben, Brent
Bril, Andrey
Goloub, Philippe
Tanre, Didier
Pappalardo, Gelsomina
Wandinger, Ulla
Chaikovskaya, Ludmila
Denisov, Sergey
Grudo, Jan
Lopatin, Anton
Karol, Yana
Lapyonok, Tatsiana
Amiridis, Vassilis
Ansmann, Albert
Apituley, Arnoud
Alados-Arboledas, Lucas
Binietoglou, Ioannis
Boselli, Antonella
D'Amico, Giuseppe
Freudenthaler, Volker
Giles, David
Jose Granados-Munoz, Maria
Kokkalis, Panayotis
Nicolae, Doina
Oshchepkov, Sergey
Papayannis, Alex
Perrone, Maria Rita
Pietruczuk, Alexander
Rocadenbosch, Francesc
Sicard, Michael
Slutsker, Ilya
Talianu, Camelia
De Tomasi, Ferdinando
Tsekeri, Alexandra
Wagner, Janet
Wang, Xuan
TI Lidar-Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC) for the retrieval of vertical
aerosol properties from combined lidar/radiometer data: development and
distribution in EARLINET
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES;
DESERT DUST; EYJAFJALLAJOKULL ERUPTION; MULTIWAVELENGTH LIDAR; PARTICLE
PROPERTIES; POLARIZATION LIDAR; SUN-PHOTOMETER; SAHARAN DUST
AB This paper presents a detailed description of LIRIC (LIdar-Radiometer Inversion Code) algorithm for simultaneous processing of coincident lidar and radiometric (sun photometric) observations for the retrieval of the aerosol concentration vertical profiles. As the lidar/radiometric input data we use measurements from European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) lidars and collocated sun-photometers of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The LIRIC data processing provides sequential inversion of the combined lidar and radiometric data. The algorithm starts with the estimations of column-integrated aerosol parameters from radiometric measurements followed by the retrieval of height dependent concentrations of fine and coarse aerosols from lidar signals using integrated column characteristics of aerosol layer as a priori constraints. The use of polarized lidar observations allows us to discriminate between spherical and non-spherical particles of the coarse aerosol mode.
The LIRIC software package was implemented and tested at a number of EARLINET stations. Intercomparison of the LIRIC-based aerosol retrievals was performed for the observations by seven EARLINET lidars in Leipzig, Germany on 25 May 2009. We found close agreement between the aerosol parameters derived from different lidars that supports high robustness of the LIRIC algorithm. The sensitivity of the retrieval results to the possible reduction of the available observation data is also discussed.
C1 [Chaikovsky, Anatoli; Bril, Andrey; Chaikovskaya, Ludmila; Denisov, Sergey; Grudo, Jan; Lopatin, Anton; Karol, Yana; Oshchepkov, Sergey] NAS Belarus, Inst Phys, Minsk 220072, Byelarus.
[Dubovik, Oleg; Goloub, Philippe; Tanre, Didier; Lapyonok, Tatsiana] Univ Lille, LOA, F-59650 Lille, France.
[Holben, Brent; Giles, David; Slutsker, Ilya] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MA 20771 USA.
[Pappalardo, Gelsomina; Boselli, Antonella; D'Amico, Giuseppe] CNR IMAA, I-85050 Potenza, Italy.
[Wandinger, Ulla; Ansmann, Albert; Wagner, Janet] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
[Amiridis, Vassilis; Kokkalis, Panayotis; Tsekeri, Alexandra] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron Astrophys Space Applicat & Remote Sen, Athens 15236, Greece.
[Apituley, Arnoud] KNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3731 De Bilt, Netherlands.
[Alados-Arboledas, Lucas; Jose Granados-Munoz, Maria] Univ Granada, Autonomous Govt Andalusia, Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res IISTA CEAMA, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
[Binietoglou, Ioannis; Nicolae, Doina; Talianu, Camelia] Natl Inst R&D Optoelect, Magurele 77125, Romania.
[Boselli, Antonella; Wang, Xuan] Consorzio Nazl Interuniv Sci Fis Materia, I-80138 Naples, Italy.
[Freudenthaler, Volker] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80539 Munich, Germany.
[Kokkalis, Panayotis; Papayannis, Alex] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Athens 15780, Greece.
[Perrone, Maria Rita; De Tomasi, Ferdinando] Consorzio Nazl Interuniv Sci Fis Materia CNISM, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
[Perrone, Maria Rita; De Tomasi, Ferdinando] Univ Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
[Pietruczuk, Alexander] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Geophys, PL-01452 Warsaw, Poland.
[Rocadenbosch, Francesc; Sicard, Michael] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Inst Space Studies Catalonia IEEC, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Remote Sensing Lab RSLAB, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
RP Chaikovsky, A (reprint author), NAS Belarus, Inst Phys, Minsk 220072, Byelarus.
EM chaikov@dragon.bas-net.by
RI Amiridis, Vassilis/G-6769-2012; Nicolae, Doina/I-4999-2016; Sicard,
Michael/K-9064-2013; WANG, Xuan/F-1243-2011; Binietoglou,
Ioannis/B-7976-2016; Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose/G-9308-2014
OI Amiridis, Vassilis/0000-0002-1544-7812; Sicard,
Michael/0000-0001-8287-9693; WANG, Xuan/0000-0002-0830-0898;
Binietoglou, Ioannis/0000-0002-0065-9791; Granados-Munoz, Maria
Jose/0000-0001-8718-5914
FU European Union [654109]; ACTRIS Research Infrastructure project within
the European Union [262254]; European Union's Seventh Framework
Programme [289923 - ITARS]
FX The financial support by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and
innovation programme (ACTRIS-2, grant agreement no. 654109) is
gratefully acknowledged. The background of LIRIC algorithm and software
was developed under the ACTRIS Research Infrastructure project, grant
agreement no. 262254, within the European Union Seventh Framework
Programme, which financial support is gratefully acknowledged.r I.
Binietoglou received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework
Programme for research, technological development and demonstration
under the grant agreement no. 289923 - ITARS.
NR 90
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 7
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 3
BP 1181
EP 1205
DI 10.5194/amt-9-1181-2016
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4NF
UT WOS:000375613600021
ER
PT J
AU Chen, Z
DeLand, M
Bhartia, PK
AF Chen, Zhong
DeLand, Matthew
Bhartia, Pawan K.
TI A new algorithm for detecting cloud height using OMPS/LP measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID LIDAR DATA; AEROSOL; CALIPSO; PERFORMANCE; RETRIEVAL; PRODUCTS; BAND
AB The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Limb Profiler (OMPS/LP) ozone product requires the determination of cloud height for each event to establish the lower boundary of the profile for the retrieval algorithm. We have created a revised cloud detection algorithm for LP measurements that uses the spectral dependence of the vertical gradient in radiance between two wavelengths in the visible and near-IR spectral regions. This approach provides better discrimination between clouds and aerosols than results obtained using a single wavelength. Observed LP cloud height values show good agreement with coincident Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) measurements.
C1 [Chen, Zhong; DeLand, Matthew] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Bhartia, Pawan K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
EM zhong.chen@ssaihq.com
FU NASA [NNG12HP08C]
FX We thank Mark Schoeberl for his insightful comments on the development
of this algorithm. Zhong Chen and Matthew DeLand were supported by NASA
contract NNG12HP08C.
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 3
BP 1239
EP 1246
DI 10.5194/amt-9-1239-2016
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4NF
UT WOS:000375613600024
ER
PT J
AU Choi, M
Kim, J
Lee, J
Kim, M
Park, YJ
Jeong, U
Kim, W
Hong, H
Holben, B
Eck, TF
Song, CH
Lim, JH
Song, CK
AF Choi, Myungje
Kim, Jhoon
Lee, Jaehwa
Kim, Mijin
Park, Young-Je
Jeong, Ukkyo
Kim, Woogyung
Hong, Hyunkee
Holben, Brent
Eck, Thomas F.
Song, Chul H.
Lim, Jae-Hyun
Song, Chang-Keun
TI GOCI Yonsei Aerosol Retrieval (YAER) algorithm and validation during the
DRAGON-NE Asia 2012 campaign
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL DEPTH RETRIEVAL; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; GEOSTATIONARY
SATELLITE; ACE-ASIA; SURFACE REFLECTIVITY; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL;
INVERSION ALGORITHM; COLUMN CLOSURE; SOURCE REGIONS; GLOBAL OCEAN
AB The Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) onboard the Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) is the first multi-channel ocean color imager in geostationary orbit. Hourly GOCI top-of-atmosphere radiance has been available for the retrieval of aerosol optical properties over East Asia since March 2011. This study presents improvements made to the GOCI Yonsei Aerosol Retrieval (YAER) algorithm together with validation results during the Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Networks - Northeast Asia 2012 campaign (DRAGON-NE Asia 2012 campaign). The evaluation during the spring season over East Asia is important because of high aerosol concentrations and diverse types of Asian dust and haze. Optical properties of aerosol are retrieved from the GOCI YAER algorithm including aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm, fine-mode fraction (FMF) at 550 nm, single-scattering albedo (SSA) at 440 nm, Angstrom exponent (AE) between 440 and 860 nm, and aerosol type. The aerosol models are created based on a global analysis of the Aerosol Robotic Networks (AERONET) inversion data, and covers a broad range of size distribution and absorptivity, including nonspherical dust properties. The Cox-Munk ocean bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model is used over ocean, and an improved minimum reflectance technique is used over land. Because turbid water is persistent over the Yellow Sea, the land algorithm is used for such cases. The aerosol products are evaluated against AERONET observations and MODIS Collection 6 aerosol products retrieved from Dark Target (DT) and Deep Blue (DB) algorithms during the DRAGON-NE Asia 2012 campaign conducted from March to May 2012. Comparison of AOD from GOCI and AERONET resulted in a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.881 and a linear regression equation with GOCI AOD = 1.083 x AERONET AOD -0.042. The correlation between GOCI and MODIS AODs is higher over ocean than land. GOCI AOD shows better agreement with MODIS DB than MODIS DT. The other GOCI YAER products (AE, FMF, and SSA) show lower correlation with AERONET than AOD, but still show some skills for qualitative use.
C1 [Choi, Myungje; Kim, Jhoon; Kim, Mijin; Jeong, Ukkyo; Kim, Woogyung] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea.
[Lee, Jaehwa] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Lee, Jaehwa; Holben, Brent; Eck, Thomas F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Park, Young-Je] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Korea Ocean Satellite Ctr, Ansan, South Korea.
[Hong, Hyunkee] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Spatial Informat Engn, Busan 608737, South Korea.
[Eck, Thomas F.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA.
[Song, Chul H.] GIST, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Gwangju, South Korea.
[Lim, Jae-Hyun; Song, Chang-Keun] NIER, Inchon, South Korea.
RP Kim, J (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea.
EM jkim2@yonsei.ac.kr
RI Song, Chang-Keun/S-2255-2016;
OI Song, Chang-Keun/0000-0002-8811-2626; Choi, Myungje/0000-0002-2488-2840
FU Ministry of Environment, Korea; Eco Innovation Program of KEITI
[2012000160002]
FX We thank the Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST)
for the development and application of GOCI in this research. We also
thank all principal investigators and their staff for establishing and
maintaining the AERONET sites of the DRAGON-NE Asia 2012 campaign used
in this investigation. We also thank the MODIS science team for
providing valuable data for this research. This research was supported
by the GEMS program of the Ministry of Environment, Korea, and the Eco
Innovation Program of KEITI (2012000160002).
NR 68
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 3
BP 1377
EP 1398
DI 10.5194/amt-9-1377-2016
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4NF
UT WOS:000375613600034
ER
PT J
AU Marchant, B
Platnick, S
Meyer, K
Arnold, GT
Riedi, J
AF Marchant, Benjamin
Platnick, Steven
Meyer, Kerry
Arnold, G. Thomas
Riedi, Jerome
TI MODIS Collection 6 shortwave-derived cloud phase classification
algorithm and comparisons with CALIOP
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER-VAPOR; THERMODYNAMIC PHASE; PRECIPITABLE WATER; HYDROLOGICAL
CYCLE; CLIMATE; INSTRUMENT; RADIATION; POLDER; EARTH
AB Cloud thermodynamic phase (ice, liquid, undetermined) classification is an important first step for cloud retrievals from passive sensors such as MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). Because ice and liquid phase clouds have very different scattering and absorbing properties, an incorrect cloud phase decision can lead to substantial errors in the cloud optical and microphysical property products such as cloud optical thickness or effective particle radius. Furthermore, it is well established that ice and liquid clouds have different impacts on the Earth's energy budget and hydrological cycle, thus accurately monitoring the spatial and temporal distribution of these clouds is of continued importance. For MODIS Collection 6 (C6), the shortwave-derived cloud thermodynamic phase algorithm used by the optical and microphysical property retrievals has been completely rewritten to improve the phase discrimination skill for a variety of cloudy scenes (e.g., thin/thick clouds, over ocean/land/desert/snow/ice surface, etc). To evaluate the performance of the C6 cloud phase algorithm, extensive granule-level and global comparisons have been conducted against the heritage C5 algorithm and CALIOP. A wholesale improvement is seen for C6 compared to C5.
C1 [Marchant, Benjamin; Platnick, Steven; Meyer, Kerry; Arnold, G. Thomas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Marchant, Benjamin; Meyer, Kerry] USRA Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA.
[Arnold, G. Thomas] SSAI Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Riedi, Jerome] Univ Lille 1, LOA, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
RP Marchant, B (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.; Marchant, B (reprint author), USRA Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA.
EM benjamin.marchant@nasa.gov
RI Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016
OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200
NR 27
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 4
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 4
BP 1587
EP 1599
DI 10.5194/amt-9-1587-2016
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4OC
UT WOS:000375616100012
ER
PT J
AU Nelson, RR
O'Dell, CW
Taylor, TE
Mandrake, L
Smyth, M
AF Nelson, Robert R.
O'Dell, Christopher W.
Taylor, Thomas E.
Mandrake, Lukas
Smyth, Mike
TI The potential of clear-sky carbon dioxide satellite retrievals
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; COLUMN CO2; GLOBAL CO2; SPACE; GOSAT; SUNLIGHT;
AEROSOL; CH4; PERFORMANCE; NETWORK
AB Since the launch of the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) in 2009, retrieval algorithms designed to infer the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of carbon dioxide (X-CO2) from hyperspectral near-infrared observations of reflected sunlight have been greatly improved. They now generally include the scattering effects of clouds and aerosols, as early work found that absorption-only retrievals, which neglected these effects, often incurred unacceptably large errors, even for scenes with optically thin cloud or aerosol layers. However, these "full-physics" retrievals tend to be computationally expensive and may incur biases from trying to deduce the properties of clouds and aerosols when there are none present. Additionally, algorithms are now available that can quickly and effectively identify and remove most scenes in which cloud or aerosol scattering plays a significant role.
In this work, we test the hypothesis that non-scattering, or "clear-sky", retrievals may perform as well as full-physics retrievals for sufficiently clear scenes. Clear-sky retrievals could potentially avoid errors and biases brought about by trying to infer properties of clouds and aerosols when none are present. Clear-sky retrievals are also desirable because they are orders of magnitude faster than full-physics retrievals. Here we use a simplified version of the Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) X-CO2 retrieval algorithm that does not include the scattering and absorption effects of clouds or aerosols. It was found that for simulated Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) measurements, the clear-sky retrieval had errors comparable to those of the full-physics retrieval. For real GOSAT data, the clear-sky retrieval had errors 0-20% larger than the full-physics retrieval over land and errors roughly 20-35% larger over ocean, depending on filtration level. In general, the clear-sky retrieval had X-CO2 root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of less than 2.0 ppm, relative to Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) measurements and a suite of CO2 models, when adequately filtered through the use of a custom genetic algorithm filtering system. These results imply that non-scattering X-CO2 retrievals are potentially more useful than previous literature suggests, as the filtering methods we employ are able to remove measurements in which scattering can cause significant errors. Additionally, the computational benefits of non-scattering retrievals means they may be useful for certain applications that require large amounts of data but have less stringent error requirements.
C1 [Nelson, Robert R.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[O'Dell, Christopher W.; Taylor, Thomas E.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Mandrake, Lukas; Smyth, Mike] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Nelson, RR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM rrnelson@atmos.colostate.edu
FU NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA JPL OCO-2) [1 439 002]; American
Meteorological Society (AMS)
FX The authors would like to thank Natalie Tourville, Scott Denning, and
Chris Kummerow of Colorado State University for their contributions to
this work along with the three reviewers for their helpful comments.
Funding sources for this research include the NASA Jet Propulsion
Laboratory (NASA JPL OCO-2 Subcontract #1 439 002) and the American
Meteorological Society (AMS) Graduate Fellowship Program.
NR 45
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 4
BP 1671
EP 1684
DI 10.5194/amt-9-1671-2016
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4OC
UT WOS:000375616100018
ER
PT J
AU Meyer, K
Platnick, S
Arnold, GT
Holz, RE
Veglio, P
Yorks, J
Wang, CX
AF Meyer, Kerry
Platnick, Steven
Arnold, G. Thomas
Holz, Robert E.
Veglio, Paolo
Yorks, John
Wang, Chenxi
TI Cirrus cloud optical and microphysical property retrievals from eMAS
during SEAC(4)RS using bi-spectral reflectance measurements within the
1.88 mu m water vapor absorption band
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC FLUXES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; COOLING RATES; PART II; ICE;
MODIS; SCATTERING; THICKNESS; CHANNELS; SPECTROMETER
AB Previous bi-spectral imager retrievals of cloud optical thickness (COT) and effective particle radius (CER) based on the Nakajima and King (1990) approach, such as those of the operational MODIS cloud optical property retrieval product (MOD06), have typically paired a non-absorbing visible or near-infrared wavelength, sensitive to COT, with an absorbing shortwave or mid-wave infrared wavelength sensitive to CER. However, in practice it is only necessary to select two spectral channels that exhibit a strong contrast in cloud particle absorption. Here it is shown, using eMAS observations obtained during NASA's SEAC(4)RS field campaign, that selecting two absorbing wavelength channels within the broader 1.88 mu m water vapor absorption band, namely the 1.83 and 1.93 mu m channels that have sufficient differences in ice crystal single scattering albedo, can yield COT and CER retrievals for thin to moderately thick single-layer cirrus that are reasonably consistent with other solar and IR imager-based and lidar-based retrievals. A distinct advantage of this channel selection for cirrus cloud retrievals is that the below-cloud water vapor absorption minimizes the surface contribution to measured cloudy top-of-atmosphere reflectance, in particular compared to the solar window channels used in heritage retrievals such as MOD06. This reduces retrieval uncertainty resulting from errors in the surface reflectance assumption and reduces the frequency of retrieval failures for thin cirrus clouds.
C1 [Meyer, Kerry] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.
[Meyer, Kerry; Platnick, Steven; Arnold, G. Thomas; Yorks, John] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Arnold, G. Thomas] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Holz, Robert E.; Veglio, Paolo] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Wang, Chenxi] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Meyer, K (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.; Meyer, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
EM kerry.meyer@nasa.gov
RI Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016
OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200
FU NASA; Atmospheric Composition Campaign Data Analysis and Modeling
funding (NASA) [NNX15AD44G]
FX The authors would like to thank Jeff Myers and Roseanne Dominguez for
their extensive work on eMAS calibration and level-1 data processing.
The authors would also like to thank Gala Wind for her extensive
development of the shared-core retrieval code used by the operational
MOD06 products and its application to other space-borne and airborne
sensors such as eMAS and Nandana Amarasinghe for his efforts toward
enhancing our forward radiative transfer modeling capabilities. This
research was supported by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program for
participation in the SEAC4RS field campaign and by
Atmospheric Composition Campaign Data Analysis and Modeling funding
(NASA grant NNX15AD44G, PI Bastiaan van Diedenhoven).
NR 41
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 4
BP 1743
EP 1753
DI 10.5194/amt-9-1743-2016
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4OC
UT WOS:000375616100022
ER
PT J
AU Meyer, K
Yang, YK
Platnick, S
AF Meyer, Kerry
Yang, Yuekui
Platnick, Steven
TI Uncertainties in cloud phase and optical thickness retrievals from the
Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC)
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; TOP HEIGHT; MODIS; SCATTERING; ALGORITHMS; TERRA;
ISCCP
AB This paper presents an investigation of the expected uncertainties of a single-channel cloud optical thickness (COT) retrieval technique, as well as a simple cloud-temperature-threshold-based thermodynamic phase approach, in support of the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) mission. DSCOVR cloud products will be derived from Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) observations in the ultraviolet and visible spectra. Since EPIC is not equipped with a spectral channel in the short-wave or mid-wave infrared that is sensitive to cloud effective radius (CER), COT will be inferred from a single visible channel with the assumption of appropriate CER values for liquid and ice phase clouds. One month of Aqua MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daytime granules from April 2005 is selected for investigating cloud phase sensitivity, and a subset of these granules that has similar EPIC Sun-view geometry is selected for investigating COT uncertainties. EPIC COT retrievals are simulated with the same algorithm as the operational MODIS cloud products (MOD06), except using fixed phase-dependent CER values. Uncertainty estimates are derived by comparing the single-channel COT retrievals with the baseline bi-spectral MODIS retrievals. Results show that a single-channel COT retrieval is feasible for EPIC. For ice clouds, single-channel retrieval errors are minimal (<2 %) due to the particle size insensitivity of the assumed ice crystal (i.e., severely roughened aggregate of hexagonal columns) scattering properties at visible wavelengths, while for liquid clouds the error is mostly limited to within 10 %, although for thin clouds (COT < 2) the error can be higher. Potential uncertain-ties in EPIC cloud masking and cloud temperature retrievals are not considered in this study.
C1 [Meyer, Kerry; Yang, Yuekui] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.
[Meyer, Kerry; Yang, Yuekui; Platnick, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Meyer, K (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.; Meyer, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM kerry.meyer@nasa.gov
RI Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Yang, Yuekui/B-4326-2015; Meyer,
Kerry/E-8095-2016
OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200
FU NASA [NNX15AB51G]; NASA Radiation Sciences Program
FX The authors would like to thank the leadership team of the NASA
component of the DSCOVR project for their support of the development of
the EPIC science algorithms, in particular Alexander Marshak, as well as
the continued MOD06 cloud retrieval algorithm development support of
Galina Wind and Nandana Amarasinghe. This research was supported by NASA
grant NNX15AB51G (DSCOVR Earth Science Algorithms program managed by
Richard Eckman, PI Yuekui Yang) and by the NASA Radiation Sciences
Program.
NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 4
BP 1785
EP 1797
DI 10.5194/amt-9-1785-2016
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4OC
UT WOS:000375616100025
ER
PT J
AU Fountoulakis, I
Redondas, A
Bais, AF
Rodriguez-Franco, JJ
Fragkos, K
Cede, A
AF Fountoulakis, Ilias
Redondas, Alberto
Bais, Alkiviadis F.
Jose Rodriguez-Franco, Juan
Fragkos, Konstantinos
Cede, Alexander
TI Dead time effect on the Brewer measurements: correction and estimated
uncertainties
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; SPECTRAL UV IRRADIANCE; TOTAL OZONE;
QUALITY-ASSURANCE; SPECTROPHOTOMETER; THESSALONIKI; DIOXIDE; TRENDS;
COLUMN; SPECTRORADIOMETER
AB Brewer spectrophotometers are widely used instruments which perform spectral measurements of the direct, the scattered and the global solar UV irradiance. By processing these measurements a variety of secondary products can be derived such as the total columns of ozone (TOC), sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and aerosol optical properties. Estimating and limiting the uncertainties of the final products is of critical importance. High-quality data have a lot of applications and can provide accurate estimations of trends.
The dead time is specific for each instrument and improper correction of the raw data for its effect may lead to important errors in the final products. The dead time value may change with time and, with the currently used methodology, it cannot always be determined accurately. For specific cases, such as for low ozone slant columns and high intensities of the direct solar irradiance, the error in the retrieved TOC, due to a 10 ns change in the dead time from its value in use, is found to be up to 5 %. The error in the calculation of UV irradiance can be as high as 12% near the maximum operational limit of light intensities. While in the existing documentation it is indicated that the dead time effects are important when the error in the used value is greater than 2 ns, we found that for single-monochromator Brewers a 2 ns error in the dead time may lead to errors above the limit of 1% in the calculation of TOC; thus the tolerance limit should be lowered. A new routine for the determination of the dead time from direct solar irradiance measurements has been created and tested and a validation of the operational algorithm has been performed. Additionally, new methods for the estimation and the validation of the dead time have been developed and are analytically described. Therefore, the present study, in addition to highlighting the importance of the dead time for the processing of Brewer data sets, also provides useful information for their quality control and re-evaluation.
C1 [Fountoulakis, Ilias; Bais, Alkiviadis F.; Fragkos, Konstantinos] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Lab Atmospher Phys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece.
[Redondas, Alberto; Jose Rodriguez-Franco, Juan] Agencia Estatal Meteorol, Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
[Cede, Alexander] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Cede, Alexander] LuftBlick, Kreith, Austria.
RP Fountoulakis, I (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Lab Atmospher Phys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece.
EM iliasnf@auth.gr
RI Fragkos, Konstantinos/Q-6885-2016;
OI Fragkos, Konstantinos/0000-0002-3009-2407; Redondas,
Alberto/0000-0002-4826-6823
FU COST ( European Cooperation in Science and Technology)
FX This article is based upon work from COST Action ES1207 "A European
Brewer Network (EUBREWNET)", supported by COST ( European Cooperation in
Science and Technology). We would like to thank J. M. San Atanasio for
providing data that, although not included, helped in deriving safer
conclusions and P. Kiedron for his recommendations and discussions of
various topics addressed in this study. We also acknowledge V.
Savastiouk and the second, anonymous, reviewer for their constructive
reviews and comments that helped improving the quality of this paper. In
particular, we are indebted to V. Savastiouk for his detailed
suggestions in addressing properly the calculation of the dead time when
the Sun is used as radiation source instead of the Brewer internal
standard lamp.
NR 50
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 4
BP 1799
EP 1816
DI 10.5194/amt-9-1799-2016
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4OC
UT WOS:000375616100026
ER
PT J
AU de Boer, G
Palo, S
Argrow, B
LoDolce, G
Mack, J
Gao, RS
Telg, H
Trussel, C
Fromm, J
Long, CN
Bland, G
Maslanik, J
Schmid, B
Hock, T
AF de Boer, Gijs
Palo, Scott
Argrow, Brian
LoDolce, Gabriel
Mack, James
Gao, Ru-Shan
Telg, Hagen
Trussel, Cameron
Fromm, Joshua
Long, Charles N.
Bland, Geoff
Maslanik, James
Schmid, Beat
Hock, Terry
TI The Pilatus unmanned aircraft system for lower atmospheric research
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID AERIAL VEHICLE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AEROSOLS; DISTRIBUTIONS; TROPOSPHERE;
RADIATION; TRANSPORT; PROFILES; DESIGN; UAS
AB This paper presents details of the University of Colorado (CU) "Pilatus" unmanned research aircraft, assembled to provide measurements of aerosols, radiation and thermodynamics in the lower troposphere. This aircraft has a wingspan of 3.2m and a maximum take-off weight of 25 kg, and it is powered by an electric motor to reduce engine exhaust and concerns about carburetor icing. It carries instrumentation to make measurements of broadband up-and downwelling shortwave and longwave radiation, aerosol particle size distribution, atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and pressure and to collect video of flights for subsequent analysis of atmospheric conditions during flight. In order to make the shortwave radiation measurements, care was taken to carefully position a high-quality compact inertial measurement unit (IMU) and characterize the attitude of the aircraft and its orientation to the upward-looking radiation sensor. Using measurements from both of these sensors, a correction is applied to the raw radiometer measurements to correct for aircraft attitude and sensor tilt relative to the sun. The data acquisition system was designed from scratch based on a set of key driving requirements to accommodate the variety of sensors deployed. Initial test flights completed in Colorado provide promising results with measurements from the radiation sensors agreeing with those from a nearby surface site. Additionally, estimates of surface albedo from onboard sensors were consistent with local surface conditions, including melting snow and bright runway surface. Aerosol size distributions collected are internally consistent and have previously been shown to agree well with larger, surface-based instrumentation. Finally the atmospheric state measurements evolve as expected, with the near-surface atmosphere warming over time as the day goes on, and the atmospheric relative humidity decreasing with increased temperature. No directional bias on measured temperature, as might be expected due to uneven heating of the sensor housing over the course of a racetrack pattern, was detected. The results from these flights indicate that the CU Pilatus platform is capable of performing research-grade lower tropospheric measurement missions.
C1 [de Boer, Gijs; Palo, Scott; Argrow, Brian; LoDolce, Gabriel; Mack, James; Telg, Hagen; Trussel, Cameron; Fromm, Joshua; Long, Charles N.; Maslanik, James] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[de Boer, Gijs; Gao, Ru-Shan; Long, Charles N.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Bland, Geoff] NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA USA.
[Schmid, Beat] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Hock, Terry] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP de Boer, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; de Boer, G (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
EM gijs.deboer@colorado.edu
RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015;
OI Telg, Hagen/0000-0002-4911-2703
FU United States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0011459]
FX Funding for the development and upcoming deployment of the aircraft to
Alaska is provided by the United States Department of Energy (DOE)
Atmospheric System Research (ASR) and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement
(ARM) programs under grant DE-SC0011459. Instrumentation for operations
is on loan from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (CGR4s and
SPN1s), the National Center for Atmospheric Research (PTH module), the
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (POPS) and
University of Colorado Research and Engineering Center for Unmanned
Vehicles (VectorNav). We wish to thank Douglas Weibel and Tevis Nichols
for their contributions to operation of the aircraft during test flights
and Jack Elston for his input into the initial discussions for this
project.
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 4
BP 1845
EP 1857
DI 10.5194/amt-9-1845-2016
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4OC
UT WOS:000375616100029
ER
PT J
AU Colosimo, SF
Natraj, V
Sander, SP
Stutz, J
AF Colosimo, Santo Fedele
Natraj, Vijay
Sander, Stanley P.
Stutz, Jochen
TI A sensitivity study on the retrieval of aerosol vertical profiles using
the oxygen A-band
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES;
SCATTERING ATMOSPHERE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; EXTINCTION; ABSORPTION; O-2;
SCIAMACHY; MISSION
AB Atmospheric absorption in the O-2 A-band (12 950-13 200 cm(-1)) offers a unique opportunity to retrieve aerosol extinction profiles from space-borne measurements due to the large dynamic range of optical thickness in that spectral region. Absorptions in strong O-2 lines are saturated; therefore, any radiance measured in these lines originates from scattering in the upper part of the atmosphere. Outside of O-2 lines, or in weak lines, the atmospheric column absorption is small, and light penetrates to lower atmospheric layers, allowing for the quantification of aerosols and other scatterers near the surface.
While the principle of aerosol profile retrieval using O-2 A-band absorption from space is well-known, a thorough quantification of the information content, i.e., the amount of vertical profile information that can be obtained, and the dependence of the information content on the spectral resolution of the measurements, has not been thoroughly conducted. Here, we use the linearized vector radiative transfer model VLIDORT to perform spectrally resolved simulations of atmospheric radiation in the O-2 A-band for four different aerosol extinction profile scenarios: urban (urban-rural areas), highly polluted (megacity areas with large aerosol extinction), elevated layer (identifying elevated plumes, for example for biomass burning) and low extinction (representative of small aerosol extinction, such as vegetated, marine and arctic areas).
The high-resolution radiances emerging from the top of the atmosphere measurements are degraded to different spectral resolutions, simulating spectrometers with different resolving powers. We use optimal estimation theory to quantify the information content in the aerosol profile retrieval with respect to different aerosol parameters and instrument spectral resolutions.
The simulations show that better spectral resolution generally leads to an increase in the total amount of information that can be retrieved, with the number of degrees of freedom (DoF) varying between 0.34-2.01 at low resolution (5 cm(-1)) to 3.43-5.38 at high resolution (0.05 cm(-1)) among all the different cases. A particularly strong improvement was found in the retrieval of tropospheric aerosol extinction profiles in the lowest 5 km of the atmosphere. At high spectral resolutions (0.05 cm(-1)), 1.18-1.48 and 1.31-1.96 DoF can be obtained in the lower (0-2 km) and middle (2-5 km) troposphere, respectively, for the different cases. Consequently, a separation of lower and mid tropospheric aerosols is possible, implying the feasibility of identification of elevated biomass burning aerosol plumes (elevated layer scenario). We find that a higher single scattering albedo (SSA) allows for the retrieval of more aerosol information. However, the dependence on SSA is weaker at higher spectral resolutions.
The vegetation (surface albedo 0.3), marine (surface albedo 0.05) and arctic (surface albedo 0.9) cases show that the dependence of DoF on the surface albedo decreases with higher resolution. At low resolution (5 cm(-1)), the DoF are 1.19 for the marine case, 0.73 for the vegetation case and 0.34 for the arctic case, but increase considerably at 0.05 cm(-1) resolution to 3.84 (marine) and 3.43 (both vegetation and arctic), showing an improvement of a factor of 10 for the arctic case. Vegetation and arctic case also show the same DoF at higher resolution, showing that an increase of albedo beyond a certain value, i.e., 0.3 in our case, does not lead to a larger information content.
The simulations also reveal a moderate dependence of information content on the integration time of the measurements, i.e., the noise of the spectra. However, our results indicate that a larger increase in DoF is obtained by an increase in spectral resolution despite lower signal-to-noise ratios.
C1 [Colosimo, Santo Fedele; Stutz, Jochen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Natraj, Vijay; Sander, Stanley P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Colosimo, SF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA.
EM fedele@atmos.ucla.edu
FU NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory through the Strategic University
Research Partnership (SURP) program
FX This work was funded by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory through the
Strategic University Research Partnership (SURP) program.
NR 60
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 4
BP 1889
EP 1905
DI 10.5194/amt-9-1889-2016
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DL4OC
UT WOS:000375616100032
ER
PT J
AU Arumugam, DD
AF Arumugam, Darmindra D.
TI Single-Anchor 2-D Magnetoquasistatic Position Sensing for Short to Long
Ranges Above Ground
SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Electromagnetic fields; magnetoquasistatics; radio position measurement
ID COMPLEX IMAGE THEORY; ORIENTATION
AB Recent developments in long-range magnetoquasistatic position sensing have enabled the decoupling of one-dimensional (1-D) range and orientation of the mobile device to be sensed. By advancing the theory, we demonstrate accurate two-dimensional (2-D) position sensing using a single-anchor system through the decoupling of azimuthal-direction angle of the mobile device. The result is 2-D positioning with a mean geometrical 2-D position error of 0.26 m for ranges up to 30 m using a single-anchor receiver system-not relying on triangulation/trilateration.
C1 [Arumugam, Darmindra D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Arumugam, DD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM darmindra.d.arumugam@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1536-1225
EI 1548-5757
J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR
JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.
PY 2016
VL 15
BP 1325
EP 1328
DI 10.1109/LAWP.2015.2507603
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA DK5YN
UT WOS:000374997300005
ER
PT J
AU Wissink, AM
Potsdam, M
Sankaran, V
Sitaraman, J
Mavriplis, D
AF Wissink, Andrew M.
Potsdam, Mark
Sankaran, Venkateswaran
Sitaraman, Jayanarayanan
Mavriplis, Dimitri
TI A Dual-Mesh Unstructured Adaptive Cartesian Computational Fluid Dynamics
Approach for Hover Prediction
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID FLOW-FIELD; ROTOR; AERODYNAMICS; SIMULATION; TURBULENCE; SCHEMES;
SOLVER; GRIDS
AB A dual-mesh overset computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach is employed to predict the aerodynamic performance of hovering rotors. Two different CFD solvers are applied in different parts of the computational domain: a body-fitted unstructured solver near the blade surface to capture complex geometry and viscous boundary layer and a high-order block-structured Cartesian solver away from the blade to capture the wake. The Cartesian solver applies adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) to resolve tip vortices. Results are demonstrated for calculations of the Tilt Rotor Aero-acoustics Model (TRAM) isolated rotor. The results show that the dual-mesh scheme is able to compute aerodynamic figure of merit performance to within the experimental error bounds with appropriate mesh resolution. Solution-driven AMR is found to be effective for resolving the vortex wake in an automated manner at significantly less computational cost compared to fixed-grid calculations with the same resolution.
C1 [Wissink, Andrew M.; Potsdam, Mark] US Army Aerodynam Dev Directorate AMRDEC, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
[Sankaran, Venkateswaran] Air Force Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA USA.
[Sitaraman, Jayanarayanan; Mavriplis, Dimitri] Univ Wyoming, Dept Mech Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
RP Wissink, AM (reprint author), US Army Aerodynam Dev Directorate AMRDEC, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
EM andrew.m.wissink.civ@mail.mil
NR 54
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA
SN 0002-8711
EI 2161-6027
J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC
JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc.
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 61
IS 1
AR 012004
DI 10.4050/JAHS.61.012004
PG 19
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA DK3UE
UT WOS:000374842100005
ER
PT J
AU Hennessy, J
Jewell, AD
Balasubramanian, K
Nikzad, S
AF Hennessy, John
Jewell, April D.
Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham
Nikzad, Shouleh
TI Ultraviolet optical properties of aluminum fluoride thin films deposited
by atomic layer deposition
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
LA English
DT Article
ID VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET; 193 NM; WAVELENGTH REGION; ALF3; MIRRORS; MGF2; LIF;
TEMPERATURE; REFLECTANCE; COATINGS
AB Aluminum fluoride (AlF3) is a low refractive index material with promising optical applications for ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths. An atomic layer deposition process using trimethylaluminum and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride has been developed for the deposition of AlF3 at substrate temperatures between 100 and 200 degrees C. This low temperature process has resulted in thin films with UV-optical properties that have been characterized by ellipsometric and reflection/transmission measurements at wavelengths down to 200 nm. The optical loss for 93 nm thick films deposited at 100 degrees C was measured to be less than 0.2% from visible wavelengths down to 200 nm, and additional microstructural characterization demonstrates that the films are amorphous with moderate tensile stress of 42-105MPa as deposited on silicon substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows no signature of residual aluminum oxide components making these films good candidates for a variety of applications at even shorter UV wavelengths. (C) 2015 American Vacuum Society.
C1 [Hennessy, John; Jewell, April D.; Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; Nikzad, Shouleh] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Hennessy, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM john.j.hennessy@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 26
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 5
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0734-2101
EI 1520-8559
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 34
IS 1
AR 01A120
DI 10.1116/1.4935450
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA DK7OO
UT WOS:000375115800021
ER
PT J
AU Peng, Z
Day, DA
Ortega, AM
Palm, BB
Hu, WW
Stark, H
Li, R
Tsigaridis, K
Brune, WH
Jimenez, JL
AF Peng, Zhe
Day, Douglas A.
Ortega, Amber M.
Palm, Brett B.
Hu, Weiwei
Stark, Harald
Li, Rui
Tsigaridis, Kostas
Brune, William H.
Jimenez, Jose L.
TI Non-OH chemistry in oxidation flow reactors for the study of atmospheric
chemistry systematically examined by modeling
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; COMPLEX REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; ABSORPTION
CROSS-SECTIONS; CHARGE-TRANSFER COMPLEXES; PRESSURE MERCURY LAMPS;
EVALUATED KINETIC-DATA; BROWN CARBON AEROSOLS; BIOMASS-BURNING SMOKE;
GAS-PHASE; CHEMICAL MECHANISMS
AB Oxidation flow reactors (OFRs) using low-pressure Hg lamp emission at 185 and 254 nm produce OH radicals efficiently and are widely used in atmospheric chemistry and other fields. However, knowledge of detailed OFR chemistry is limited, allowing speculation in the literature about whether some non-OH reactants, including several not relevant for tropospheric chemistry, may play an important role in these OFRs. These non-OH reactants are UV radiation, O(D-1), O(P-3), and O-3. In this study, we investigate the relative importance of other reactants to OH for the fate of reactant species in OFR under a wide range of conditions via box modeling. The relative importance of non-OH species is less sensitive to UV light intensity than to water vapor mixing ratio (H2O) and external OH reactivity (OHRext), as both non-OH reactants and OH scale roughly proportionally to UV intensity. We show that for field studies in forested regions and also the urban area of Los Angeles, reactants of atmospheric interest are predominantly consumed by OH. We find that O(D-1), O(P-3), and O-3 have relative contributions to volatile organic compound (VOC) consumption that are similar or lower than in the troposphere. The impact of O atoms can be neglected under most conditions in both OFR and troposphere. We define "riskier OFR conditions" as those with either low H2O (< 0.1%) or high OHRext (>= 100 s(-1) in OFR185 and > 200s(-1) in OFR254). We strongly suggest avoiding such conditions as the importance of non-OH reactants can be substantial for the most sensitive species, although OH may still dominate under some riskier conditions, depending on the species present. Photolysis at non-tropospheric wavelengths (185 and 254nm) may play a significant (> 20%) role in the degradation of some aromatics, as well as some oxidation intermediates, under riskier reactor conditions, if the quantum yields are high. Under riskier conditions, some biogenics can have substantial destructions by O-3, similarly to the troposphere. Working under low O-2 (volume mixing ratio of 0.002) with the OFR185 mode allows OH to completely dominate over O-3 reactions even for the biogenic species most reactive with O-3. Non-tropospheric VOC photolysis may have been a problem in some laboratory and source studies, but can be avoided or lessened in future studies by diluting source emissions and working at lower precursor concentrations in laboratory studies and by humidification. Photolysis of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) samples is estimated to be significant (> 20%) under the upper limit assumption of unity quantum yield at medium (1 x 10(13) and 1.5 x 10(15) photons cm(-2) s(-1) at 185 and 254 nm, respectively) or higher UV flux settings. The need for quantum yield measurements of both VOC and SOA photolysis is highlighted in this study. The results of this study allow improved OFR operation and experimental design and also inform the design of future reactors.
C1 [Peng, Zhe; Day, Douglas A.; Ortega, Amber M.; Palm, Brett B.; Hu, Weiwei; Stark, Harald; Li, Rui; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Peng, Zhe; Day, Douglas A.; Palm, Brett B.; Hu, Weiwei; Stark, Harald; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ortega, Amber M.; Li, Rui] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Li, Rui] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Stark, Harald] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA.
[Tsigaridis, Kostas] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Tsigaridis, Kostas] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Brune, William H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Ortega, Amber M.] Univ Arizona, Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Li, Rui] Markes Int Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA.
RP Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM jose.jimenez@colorado.edu
RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847;
FU CARB [11-305]; DOE (BER/ASR) [DE-SC0011105]; NSF [AGS-1243354,
AGS-1360834]; NASA [NNX15AT96G]; DOE; CU Graduate School; CIRES
Fellowships; US EPA STAR [FP-91761701-0]; NASA High-End Computing (HEC)
Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard
Space Flight Center
FX We thank Veronica Vaida, Paul Ziemann, Andrew Lambe, and the PAM user
community for useful discussions, Andrew Lambe and Daniel Tkacik for
providing some OFR experimental data and the reviewers for their useful
comments for improving the manuscript. This research was partially
supported by CARB 11-305, DOE (BER/ASR) DE-SC0011105, NSF AGS-1243354 &
AGS-1360834, and NASA NNX15AT96G. Amber M. Ortega acknowledges
fellowships from DOE and CU Graduate School. Rui Li and Brett B. Palm
acknowledge CIRES Fellowships. Brett B. Palm is grateful for a
Fellowship from US EPA STAR (FP-91761701-0). Resources supporting this
work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through
the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight
Center.
NR 104
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 9
U2 22
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 7
BP 4283
EP 4305
DI 10.5194/acp-16-4283-2016
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DK1VM
UT WOS:000374703000005
ER
PT J
AU Wegner, T
Pitts, MC
Poole, LR
Tritscher, I
Grooss, JU
Nakajima, H
AF Wegner, Tobias
Pitts, Michael C.
Poole, Lamont R.
Tritscher, Ines
Grooss, Jens-Uwe
Nakajima, Hideaki
TI Vortex-wide chlorine activation by a mesoscale PSC event in the Arctic
winter of 2009/10
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION; CHEMICAL LAGRANGIAN MODEL; POLAR VORTEX;
NITRIC-ACID; A-TRAIN; CLOUDS; NUCLEATION; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; AEROSOLS
AB In the Arctic polar vortex of the 2009/10 winter temperatures were low enough to allow widespread formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). These clouds occurred during the initial chlorine activation phase which provided the opportunity to investigate the impact of PSCs on chlorine activation. Satellite observations of gas-phase species and PSCs are used in combination with trajectory modeling to assess this initial activation. The initial activation occurred in association with the formation of PSCs over the east coast of Greenland at the beginning of January 2010. Although this area of PSCs covered only a small portion of the vortex, it was responsible for almost the entire initial activation of chlorine vortex wide. Observations show HCl (hydrochloric acid) mixing ratios decreased rapidly in and downstream of this region. Trajectory calculations and simplified heterogeneous chemistry modeling confirmed that the initial chlorine activation continued until ClONO2 (chlorine nitrate) was completely depleted and the activated air masses were advected throughout the polar vortex. For the calculation of heterogeneous reaction rates, surface area density is estimated from backscatter observations. Modeled heterogeneous reaction rates along trajectories intersecting with the PSCs indicate that the initial phase of chlorine activation occurred in just a few hours. These calculations also indicate that chlorine activation on the binary background aerosol is significantly slower than on the PSC particles and the observed chlorine activation can only be explained by an increase in surface area density due to PSC formation. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between the magnitude of the observed HCl depletion and PSC surface area density.
C1 [Wegner, Tobias; Pitts, Michael C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Poole, Lamont R.] Sci Syst & Applicat, Hampton, VA USA.
[Tritscher, Ines; Grooss, Jens-Uwe] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Nakajima, Hideaki] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan.
RP Pitts, MC (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
EM michael.c.pitts@nasa.gov
RI Tritscher, Ines/O-2271-2014; GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/A-7315-2013
OI Tritscher, Ines/0000-0001-5285-7952; GrooSS,
Jens-Uwe/0000-0002-9485-866X
FU NASA's postdoctoral program
FX This work is funded under NASA's postdoctoral program administered by
Oak Ridge Associated Universities. We are grateful to NASA for the MERRA
meteorological analysis and EOS MLS and CALIOP teams for their
high-quality data products. We also like to thank two anonymous
reviewers for their comments which greatly improved the quality of the
manuscript.
NR 32
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 7
BP 4569
EP 4577
DI 10.5194/acp-16-4569-2016
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DK1VM
UT WOS:000374703000021
ER
PT J
AU Krotkov, NA
McLinden, CA
Li, C
Lamsal, LN
Celarier, EA
Marchenko, SV
Swartz, WH
Bucsela, EJ
Joiner, J
Duncan, BN
Boersma, KF
Veefkind, JP
Levelt, PF
Fioletov, VE
Dickerson, RR
He, H
Lu, ZF
Streets, DG
AF Krotkov, Nickolay A.
McLinden, Chris A.
Li, Can
Lamsal, Lok N.
Celarier, Edward A.
Marchenko, Sergey V.
Swartz, William H.
Bucsela, Eric J.
Joiner, Joanna
Duncan, Bryan N.
Boersma, K. Folkert
Veefkind, J. Pepijn
Levelt, Pieternel F.
Fioletov, Vitali E.
Dickerson, Russell R.
He, Hao
Lu, Zifeng
Streets, David G.
TI Aura OMI observations of regional SO2 and NO2 pollution changes from
2005 to 2015
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; TROPOSPHERIC NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; PARTICULATE
MATTER POLLUTION; CANADIAN OIL SANDS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES;
SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; AIR-QUALITY; POWER-PLANTS; SURFACE MEASUREMENTS
AB The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard NASA's Aura satellite has been providing global observations of the ozone layer and key atmospheric pollutant gases, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), since October 2004. The data products from the same instrument provide consistent spatial and temporal coverage and permit the study of anthropogenic and natural emissions on local-to-global scales. In this paper, we examine changes in SO2 and NO2 over some of the world's most polluted industrialized regions during the first decade of OMI observations. In terms of regional pollution changes, we see both upward and downward trends, sometimes in opposite directions for NO2 and SO2, for different study areas. The trends are, for the most part, associated with economic and/or technological changes in energy use, as well as regional regulatory policies. Over the eastern US, both NO2 and SO2 levels decreased dramatically from 2005 to 2015, by more than 40 and 80aEuro-%, respectively, as a result of both technological improvements and stricter regulations of emissions. OMI confirmed large reductions in SO2 over eastern Europe's largest coal-fired power plants after installation of flue gas desulfurization devices. The North China Plain has the world's most severe SO2 pollution, but a decreasing trend has been observed since 2011, with about a 50aEuro-% reduction in 2012-2015, due to an economic slowdown and government efforts to restrain emissions from the power and industrial sectors. In contrast, India's SO2 and NO2 levels from coal power plants and smelters are growing at a fast pace, increasing by more than 100 and 50aEuro-%, respectively, from 2005 to 2015. Several SO2 hot spots observed over the Persian Gulf are probably related to oil and gas operations and indicate a possible underestimation of emissions from these sources in bottom-up emission inventories. Overall, OMI observations have proved valuable in documenting rapid changes in air quality over different parts of the world during last decade. The baseline established during the first 11 years of OMI is indispensable for the interpretation of air quality measurements from current and future satellite atmospheric composition missions.
C1 [Krotkov, Nickolay A.; Li, Can; Lamsal, Lok N.; Celarier, Edward A.; Marchenko, Sergey V.; Swartz, William H.; Joiner, Joanna; Duncan, Bryan N.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[McLinden, Chris A.; Fioletov, Vitali E.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Li, Can] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Lamsal, Lok N.; Celarier, Edward A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, GESTAR, Columbia, MD USA.
[Marchenko, Sergey V.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Swartz, William H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA.
[Bucsela, Eric J.] SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Boersma, K. Folkert] Wageningen Univ, Meteorol & Air Qual Grp, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Boersma, K. Folkert; Veefkind, J. Pepijn; Levelt, Pieternel F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands.
[Veefkind, J. Pepijn; Levelt, Pieternel F.] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands.
[Dickerson, Russell R.; He, Hao] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Lu, Zifeng; Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Krotkov, NA (reprint author), NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
EM nickolay.a.krotkov@nasa.gov
RI Boersma, Klaas/H-4559-2012; Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010; Swartz,
William/A-1965-2010; Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012; Duncan,
Bryan/A-5962-2011;
OI Boersma, Klaas/0000-0002-4591-7635; Dickerson,
Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083; Swartz, William/0000-0002-9172-7189;
Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750; Fioletov,
Vitali/0000-0002-2731-5956
FU NASA Earth Science Division
FX The authors acknowledge the NASA Earth Science Division for funding of
OMI SO2 and NO2 product development and analysis.
The Dutch-Finnish-built OMI instrument is part of the NASA's EOS Aura
satellite payload. We thank systems engineering, instrument calibration,
and satellite integration teams for making this mission a success. The
OMI project is managed by KNMI and the Netherlands Space Office (NSO).
The authors would like to thank the KNMI OMI team for producing L1B
radiance and irradiance data and updating the key calibration data, the
operational algorithm for the NO2 slant column fitting and
performing operations together with the U.S. Aura operations team, as
well as OMI SIPS processing team for continuing support. Authors would
like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.
NR 166
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 25
U2 52
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 7
BP 4605
EP 4629
DI 10.5194/acp-16-4605-2016
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DK1VM
UT WOS:000374703000024
ER
PT J
AU Liu, HY
Considine, DB
Horowitz, LW
Crawford, JH
Rodriguez, JM
Strahan, SE
Damon, MR
Steenrod, SD
Xu, XJ
Kouatchou, J
Carouge, C
Yantosca, RM
AF Liu, Hongyu
Considine, David B.
Horowitz, Larry W.
Crawford, James H.
Rodriguez, Jose M.
Strahan, Susan E.
Damon, Megan R.
Steenrod, Stephen D.
Xu, Xiaojing
Kouatchou, Jules
Carouge, Claire
Yantosca, Robert M.
TI Using beryllium-7 to assess cross-tropopause transport in global models
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL;
COSMOGENIC-NUCLIDE PRODUCTION; EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; CHEMICAL TRACER
MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; SURFACE AIR; INITIATIVE ASSESSMENT;
VERTICAL TRANSPORT; ARCTIC TROPOSPHERE
AB We use the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) modeling framework to assess the utility of cosmogenic beryllium-7 (Be-7), a natural aerosol tracer, for evaluating cross-tropopause transport in global models. The GMI chemical transport model (CTM) was used to simulate atmospheric Be-7 distributions using four different meteorological data sets (GEOS1-STRAT DAS, GISS II' GCM, fvGCM, and GEOS4-DAS), featuring significantly different stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) characteristics. The simulations were compared with the upper troposphere and/or lower stratosphere (UT/LS) Be-7 climatology constructed from similar to aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-25aEuro-years of aircraft and balloon data, as well as climatological records of surface concentrations and deposition fluxes. Comparison of the fraction of surface air of stratospheric origin estimated from the Be-7 simulations with observationally derived estimates indicates excessive cross-tropopause transport at mid-latitudes in simulations using GEOS1-STRAT and at high latitudes using GISS II' meteorological data. These simulations also overestimate Be-7 deposition fluxes at mid-latitudes (GEOS1-STRAT) and at high latitudes (GISS II'), respectively. We show that excessive cross-tropopause transport of Be-7 corresponds to overestimated stratospheric contribution to tropospheric ozone. Our perspectives on STE in these meteorological fields based on Be-7 simulations are consistent with previous modeling studies of tropospheric ozone using the same meteorological fields. We conclude that the observational constraints for Be-7 and observed Be-7 total deposition fluxes can be used routinely as a first-order assessment of cross-tropopause transport in global models.
C1 [Liu, Hongyu] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA.
[Considine, David B.; Crawford, James H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid & Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Rodriguez, Jose M.; Strahan, Susan E.; Damon, Megan R.; Steenrod, Stephen D.; Kouatchou, Jules] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Strahan, Susan E.; Steenrod, Stephen D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA.
[Damon, Megan R.; Kouatchou, Jules] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Xu, Xiaojing] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
[Carouge, Claire; Yantosca, Robert M.] Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Considine, David B.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA.
[Carouge, Claire] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
RP Liu, HY (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA.
EM hongyu.liu-1@nasa.gov
OI Carouge, Claire/0000-0002-0313-8385
FU NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) program; Atmospheric
Composition Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP); Atmospheric
Composition Campaign Data Analysis and Modeling (ACCDAM) program; ACMAP;
MAP
FX This work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction
(MAP) program, the Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program
(ACMAP), and the Atmospheric Composition Campaign Data Analysis and
Modeling (ACCDAM) program. We thank Bryan Duncan for his contribution to
the GMI model development, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive
comments. The GMI core team at NASA GSFC is acknowledged for programming
support. NASA Center for Computational Sciences (NCCS) provided
supercomputing resources. The GEOS-Chem model is managed by the
Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group at Harvard University with support
from ACMAP and MAP.
NR 84
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 9
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 7
BP 4641
EP 4659
DI 10.5194/acp-16-4641-2016
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DK1VM
UT WOS:000374703000026
ER
PT J
AU Foyle, DC
Hooey, BL
Bakowski, DL
Kunkle, CL
AF Foyle, David C.
Hooey, Becky L.
Bakowski, Deborah L.
Kunkle, Christina L.
TI Flight-Deck Surface Trajectory-Based Operations
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID AIRPORT SURFACE; PERFORMANCE
AB The results of three piloted simulations investigating flight-deck surface trajectory-based operations (STBO) are presented. Commercial transport pilots were given taxi clearances with time and speed components on the primary flight display and were required to taxi to the departing runway or intermediate intersections. Results show that when pilots were provided with speedonly taxi clearances, pilots either had poor required time of arrival (RTA) conformance with acceptable estimates of attentional distribution and safety, or had good RTA conformance with unacceptable attentional distribution and safety estimates. A flight-deck error-nulling algorithm/display allowed pilots to conform accurately with taxi RTA clearances while maintaining safety. Results are discussed in terms of pilot multitasking in the busy airport surface operations environment.
C1 [Foyle, David C.] NASA, Human Syst Integrat Div, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Hooey, Becky L.; Bakowski, Deborah L.; Kunkle, Christina L.] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
RP Foyle, DC (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM David.C.Foyle@nasa.gov
FU NASA Airspace Systems Program/NextGen Concepts and Technology
Development Project/Safe and Efficient Surface Operations Element
FX This work was funded by the NASA Airspace Systems Program/NextGen
Concepts and Technology Development Project/Safe and Efficient Surface
Operations Element.
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 5
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1050-8414
EI 1532-7108
J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL
JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol.
PY 2016
VL 25
IS 2
BP 77
EP 96
DI 10.1080/10508414.2015.1097090
PG 20
WC Psychology, Applied
SC Psychology
GA DK9EX
UT WOS:000375234700002
ER
PT J
AU Eiler, JH
Bishop, MA
AF Eiler, John H.
Bishop, Mary A.
TI Tagging Response and Postspawning Movements of Pacific Herring, a Small
Pelagic Forage Fish Sensitive to Handling
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; CLUPEA-PALLASI;
ALASKA; RECOVERY; REPRODUCTION; CIRCULATION; PERFORMANCE; HYPOTHESES;
DYNAMICS
AB Pacific Herring Clupea pallasii are an important forage fish in the northern Pacific Ocean and support commercial fisheries throughout the region, although numerous populations have experienced pronounced declines in abundance. Acoustic telemetry can enhance our understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of depressed herring populations. However, herring are extremely sensitive to handling. During 2012-2013, we tagged 94 adult herring with acoustic transmitters on their spawning grounds in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The handling and tagging methods were specifically designed to minimize physical injuries and stress. Receiver arrays located near the spawning area (2012-2013) and at the principal entrances into the sound from the Gulf of Alaska (2013) were used to track the postspawning movements of the fish. The herring responded well to the tagging procedures. Most were subsequently detected by the arrays, ranging from 88.0% in 2012 to 92.8% in 2013, when the entire tracking system was operational. Forty-three (67.2%) of the 64 fish detected during 2013 were recorded near entrances to the sound, representing minimum travel distances of 50-180 km. Initial movements during the spring and summer were generally to the southwest and mirrored the prevailing currents, but a number of fish were subsequently observed moving east, including one individual detected near the spawning area during the late fall and winter. Larger herring were more frequently detected near the entrances to the sound. Although it is possible that smaller fish exhibit different migratory patterns, the lower detection rate may also suggest that these individuals were adversely affected by the tagging. Our findings suggest that large-scale telemetry studies on pelagic forage fish such as herring are feasible. These data provide new insights into the migratory patterns of herring and present an opportunity to address ongoing questions related to the factors affecting the status and recovery of depressed populations.
C1 [Eiler, John H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Bishop, Mary A.] Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, 300 Breakwater Ave, Cordova, AK 99574 USA.
RP Eiler, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM john.eiler@noaa.gov
FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council
FX Primary funding for this study was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil
Spill Trustee Council. The acoustic receiver arrays at the principal
entrances to Prince William Sound were deployed and maintained by the
Ocean Tracking Network. We thank B. Reynolds, M. McKinzie, J. Watson, J.
Stocking, and S. Lewandoski for their assistance with field work and
data analysis and A. Schaefer for preparing maps of the study area. We
also thank Captain D. Beam and C. Pape of the MV Montague and Captain D.
Janka of the MV Auklet for their support during the tagging cruises, and
R. Senkovich for his assistance fabricating the tagging cradle. The
paper was critically reviewed by A. K. Gray, J. J. Vollenweider, and W.
S. Pegau. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the
authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S.
Government or Prince William Sound Science Center. Reference to trade,
firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or Prince William Sound Science
Center.
NR 59
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Z9 0
U1 6
U2 8
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PY 2016
VL 145
IS 2
BP 427
EP 439
DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1125948
PG 13
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA DJ6LE
UT WOS:000374323600018
ER
PT J
AU Jiao, YQ
Bower, JK
Im, W
Basta, N
Obrycki, J
Al-Hamdan, MZ
Wilder, A
Bollinger, CE
Zhang, TW
Hatten, LS
Hatten, J
Hood, DB
AF Jiao, Yuqin
Bower, Julie K.
Im, Wansoo
Basta, Nicholas
Obrycki, John
Al-Hamdan, Mohammad Z.
Wilder, Allison
Bollinger, Claire E.
Zhang, Tongwen
Hatten, Luddie Sr.
Hatten, Jerrie
Hood, Darryl B.
TI Application of Citizen Science Risk Communication Tools in a Vulnerable
Urban Community
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE environmental justice; environmental justice index; toxics release
inventory; environmental contaminants; health disparities; public health
exposome; public participatory geographical information systems;
MapplerX
ID HEALTH DISPARITIES RESEARCH; HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINATION; ENVIRONMENTAL
JUSTICE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; BLACK CARBON; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; INHALED
BENZO(A)PYRENE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; DECISION-MAKING
AB A public participatory geographical information systems (PPGIS) demographic, environmental, socioeconomic, health status portal was developed for the Stambaugh-Elwood (SE) community in Columbus, OH. We hypothesized that soil at SE residences would have metal concentrations above natural background levels. Three aims were developed that allowed testing of this hypothesis. Aim 1 focused on establishing partnerships between academia, state agencies and communities to assist in the development of a community voice. Aim 2 was to design and conduct soil sampling for residents of the SE community. Aim 3 was to utilize our interactive, customized portal as a risk communication tool by allowing residents to educate themselves as to the potential risks from industrial sources in close proximity to their community. Multiple comparisons of means were used to determine differences in soil element concentration by sampling location at p < 0.05. The results demonstrated that eight metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mo, Se, Tl, Zn) occurred at statistically-significantly greater levels than natural background levels, but most were below risk-based residential soil screening levels. Results were conveyed to residents via an educational, risk-communication informational card. This study demonstrates that community-led coalitions in collaboration with academic teams and state agencies can effectively address environmental concerns.
C1 [Jiao, Yuqin; Wilder, Allison; Bollinger, Claire E.; Zhang, Tongwen; Hood, Darryl B.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Bower, Julie K.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Im, Wansoo] VERTICES LLC, 303 George St Suite 406, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Basta, Nicholas; Obrycki, John] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Environm Sci Grad Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Al-Hamdan, Mohammad Z.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
[Hatten, Luddie Sr.; Hatten, Jerrie] Stambaugh Elwood Citizens Environm LLC, Columbus, OH 43207 USA.
RP Hood, DB (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM jiao.70@buckeyemail.osu.edu; bower.185@osu.edu; gis@vertices.com;
basta.4@osu.edu; obrycki.2@buckeyemail.osu.edu;
mohammad.alhamdan@nasa.gov; wilder.106@buckeyemail.osu.edu;
bollinger.69@buckeyemail.osu.edu; zhang.5498@osu.edu;
luddiehattensr@gmail.com; jerriehatten@gmail.com; hood.188@osu.edu
OI Zhang, Tongwen/0000-0001-6391-0798
FU College of Public Health, The Ohio State University
FX We would like to thank all of the residents of the SE community that
assisted us in this preliminary study. We would also like to
collectively thank Columbus Public Health and, in particular, Gene W.
Bailey, Director of the Healthy Neighborhoods Program, and co-chairs
Gladys Murray and Kathleen Gmeiner of the South Side Health Advisory
Committee. We also thank Russell E. Savage for critical review of the
manuscript. This study was supported in part by start-up funds (Darryl
B. Hood) from the College of Public Health, The Ohio State University.
We also acknowledge Nicholas Basta for his support in conducting the
sampling and analyzing the data. Nicholas Basta also provided valuable
input to writing and editing sections of the manuscript.
NR 77
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U1 6
U2 12
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 1660-4601
J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE
JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 1
AR 11
DI 10.3390/ijerph13010011
PG 24
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA DJ4OO
UT WOS:000374186100013
ER
PT J
AU Balasubramanian, K
White, V
Yee, K
Echternach, P
Muller, R
Dickie, M
Cady, E
Prada, CM
Ryan, D
Poberezhskiy, I
Kern, B
Zhou, HY
Krist, J
Nemati, B
Riggs, AJE
Zimmerman, NT
Kasdin, NJ
AF Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham
White, Victor
Yee, Karl
Echternach, Pierre
Muller, Richard
Dickie, Matthew
Cady, Eric
Prada, Camilo Mejia
Ryan, Daniel
Poberezhskiy, Ilya
Kern, Brian
Zhou, Hanying
Krist, John
Nemati, Bijan
Riggs, A. J. Eldorado
Zimmerman, Neil T.
Kasdin, N. Jeremy
TI WFIRST-AFTA coronagraph shaped pupil masks: design, fabrication, and
characterization
SO JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES INSTRUMENTS AND SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE WFIRST-AFTA; exoplanet; coronagraph; shaped pupil masks; black silicon
ID PIAA CORONAGRAPHY; APERTURES
AB NASA WFIRST-AFTA mission study includes a coronagraph instrument to find and characterize exoplanets. Various types of masks could be employed to suppress the host starlight to about 10-9 level contrast over a broad spectrum to enable the coronagraph mission objectives. Such masks for high-contrast internal coronagraphic imaging require various fabrication technologies to meet a wide range of specifications, including precise shapes, micron scale island features, ultralow reflectivity regions, uniformity, wave front quality, and achromaticity. We present the approaches employed at JPL to produce pupil plane and image plane coronagraph masks by combining electron beam, deep reactive ion etching, and black silicon technologies with illustrative examples of each, highlighting milestone accomplishments from the High Contrast Imaging Testbed at JPL and from the High Contrast Imaging Lab at Princeton University. (c) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
C1 [Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; White, Victor; Yee, Karl; Echternach, Pierre; Muller, Richard; Dickie, Matthew; Cady, Eric; Prada, Camilo Mejia; Ryan, Daniel; Poberezhskiy, Ilya; Kern, Brian; Zhou, Hanying; Krist, John; Nemati, Bijan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Riggs, A. J. Eldorado; Zimmerman, Neil T.; Kasdin, N. Jeremy] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM kbala@jpl.nasa.gov
OI Riggs, A J Eldorado/0000-0002-0863-6228; Zimmerman,
Neil/0000-0001-5484-1516
NR 40
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U1 2
U2 2
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 2329-4124
EI 2329-4221
J9 J ASTRON TELESC INST
JI J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 2
IS 1
AR 011005
DI 10.1117/1.JATIS.2.1.011005
PG 16
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA DJ4QM
UT WOS:000374192200006
ER
PT J
AU Balsamo, E
Gendreau, K
Okajima, T
Soong, Y
Serlemitsos, P
Jalota, L
Kenyon, S
Spartana, N
Fickau, D
Koenecke, R
AF Balsamo, Erin
Gendreau, Keith
Okajima, Takashi
Soong, Yang
Serlemitsos, Peter
Jalota, Lalit
Kenyon, Steven
Spartana, Nicholas
Fickau, David
Koenecke, Richard
TI Shrink tape technique for heat-forming aluminum substrates for thin foil
x-ray mirrors and the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer x-ray
concentrators
SO JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES INSTRUMENTS AND SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE x-ray mirrors; grazing incidence; heat-forming; Neutron Star Interior
Composition Explorer; x-ray concentrators
ID TELESCOPE
AB Consistent improvements in the design and fabrication of thin-foil, epoxy-replicated x-ray mirrors for astronomical telescopes have yielded increasingly higher quality and more precise astrophysical data. The Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) x-ray timing mission optics continues this tradition and introduces design elements that promise even more accurate measurements and precise astrophysical parameters. The singly reflecting concentrators have a curved axial profile to improve photon concentration and a sturdy full shell structure for enhanced module stability. These design elements introduced the challenge of reliably forming mirror substrates at an acceptable production rate. By developing a technique using heat shrink tape to compress and conform thin aluminum mirror substrates to shaping mandrels, production rate improved with successful fabrication. The technique's efficiency was analyzed by measuring hundreds of substrate profiles postforming, performance testing completely assembled concentrators composed of every size substrate, and comparing the results to simulated fabrication scenarios. On average, the profiles were copied within 4.6 +/- 3.7%. These measurements and the overall success of NICER's optics, via ground calibration, have shown that the heat-shrink tape method is reliable, repeatable, and could be used in future missions to increase production rate and improve performance. (c) 2016 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
C1 [Balsamo, Erin; Jalota, Lalit] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Gendreau, Keith; Okajima, Takashi; Serlemitsos, Peter; Kenyon, Steven; Koenecke, Richard] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Soong, Yang] Univ Space Res Assoc, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Spartana, Nicholas; Fickau, David] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, 7701 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
RP Balsamo, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.; Gendreau, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM balsamo1@umbc.edu; Keith.C.Gendreau@nasa.gov
NR 24
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 2329-4124
EI 2329-4221
J9 J ASTRON TELESC INST
JI J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 2
IS 1
AR 015001
DI 10.1117/1.JATIS.2.1.015001
PG 9
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA DJ4QM
UT WOS:000374192200027
ER
EF