FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Boogert, ACA Gerakines, PA Whittet, DCB AF Boogert, A. C. Adwin Gerakines, Perry A. Whittet, Douglas C. B. BE Faber, SM VanDishoeck, E TI Observations of the Icy Universe SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, VOL 53 SE Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE interstellar ices; astrochemistry; volatiles; interstellar molecules; cometary ices; infrared absorption ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; SPITZER SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; DENSE MOLECULAR CLOUDS; KLEINMANN-LOW NEBULA; TAURUS DARK CLOUD; LOW-MASS STARS; LINE-OF-SIGHT; INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH OBSERVATIONS; MICRON KECK/NIRSPEC SPECTRA; INTERSTELLAR GRAIN MANTLES AB Freeze-out of the gas-phase elements onto cold grains in dense interstellar and circumstellar media builds up ice mantles consisting of molecules that are mostly formed in situ (H2O, NH3, CO2, CO, CH3OH, and more). This review summarizes the detected infrared spectroscopic ice features and compares the abundances across Galactic, extragalactic, and Solar System environments. A tremendous amount of information is contained in the ice band profiles. Laboratory experiments play a critical role in the analysis of the observations. Strong evidence is found for distinct ice formation stages, separated by CO freeze-out at high densities. The ice bands have proven to be excellent probes of the thermal history of their environment. The evidence for the long-held idea that processing of ices by energetic photons and cosmic rays produces complex molecules is weak. Recent state-of-the-art observations show promise for much progress in this area with planned infrared facilities. C1 [Boogert, A. C. Adwin] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gerakines, Perry A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Astrochem Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Whittet, Douglas C. B.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Whittet, Douglas C. B.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, New York Ctr Astrobiol, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Boogert, ACA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM acaboogert@alumni.caltech.edu; perry.a.gerakines@nasa.gov; whittd@rpi.edu RI Gerakines, Perry/D-2226-2012; OI Gerakines, Perry/0000-0002-9667-5904; Whittet, Douglas/0000-0001-8539-3891 NR 225 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 40 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4146 BN 978-0-8243-0953-4 J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2015 VL 53 BP 541 EP 581 DI 10.1146/annurev-astro-082214-122348 PG 41 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BD3LH UT WOS:000359857000014 ER PT S AU Airapetian, VS Cuntz, M AF Airapetian, Vladimir S. Cuntz, Manfred BE Ake, TB Griffin, E TI Atmospheric Heating and Wind Acceleration in Cool Evolved Stars SO GIANTS OF ECLIPSE: THE ZETA AURIGAE STARS AND OTHER BINARY SYSTEMS SE Astrophysics and Space Science Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOW-GRAVITY STARS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; WKB ALFVEN WAVES; ORIONIS M2 IAB; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROGRAPH; STELLAR MODEL CHROMOSPHERES; TRANSITION REGION LINES; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LATE-TYPE GIANTS; T TAURI STARS AB A chromosphere is a universal property of stars of spectral type later than similar to F5. Evolved K and M giants and supergiants, including the zeta Aur binaries, show extended and highly turbulent chromospheres, which develop into slow massive winds. The associated continuous mass loss has a significant impact on stellar evolution, and thence on the chemical evolution of galaxies. Yet despite the fundamental importance of those winds in astrophysics, the question of their origin(s) remains unsolved. What mechanisms heat a chromosphere? What is the role of the chromosphere in the formation of stellar winds? This chapter provides a review of the observational requirements and theoretical approaches for modelling chromospheric heating and the acceleration of winds in single cool, evolved stars and in eclipsing binary stars, including physical models that have recently been proposed. It describes the successes that have been achieved so far by invoking acoustic and MHD waves to provide a physical description of plasma heating and wind acceleration, and discusses the challenges that still remain. C1 [Airapetian, Vladimir S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cuntz, Manfred] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Airapetian, VS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM vladimir.airapetian@nasa.gov; cuntz@uta.edu NR 152 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0067-0057 BN 978-3-319-09198-3; 978-3-319-09197-6 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2015 VL 408 BP 123 EP 156 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-09198-3_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-09198-3 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BD0QY UT WOS:000357595600006 ER PT S AU Huber, D AF Huber, Daniel BE Ake, TB Griffin, E TI Asteroseismology of Eclipsing Binary Stars SO GIANTS OF ECLIPSE: THE ZETA AURIGAE STARS AND OTHER BINARY SYSTEMS SE Astrophysics and Space Science Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; RED-GIANT STARS; TRANSITING EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; STELLAR EVOLUTION DATABASE; FINE GUIDANCE SENSOR; PULSATING SDB STAR; DELTA-SCUTI STARS; RR LYRAE STARS; KEPLER PHOTOMETRY; FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES AB Eclipsing binaries have long served as benchmark systems to measure fundamental properties of stars. In recent decades, asteroseismology-the study of stellar pulsations-has emerged as a powerful new tool to study the structure and evolution of stars across the H-R diagram. Pulsating stars in eclipsing binary systems are particularly valuable since fundamental properties such as radii and masses can then be determined using two independent techniques. Furthermore, independently measured properties from binary orbits can be used to improve asteroseismic modelling for pulsating stars in which mode identifications are not straightforward. This chapter provides a review of asteroseismic detections in eclipsing binary stars, with a focus on space-based missions such as CoRoT and Kepler and empirical tests of asteroseismic scaling relations for stochastic ('solar-like') oscillations. C1 [Huber, Daniel] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Huber, Daniel] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Huber, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM dhuber@seti.org NR 124 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0067-0057 BN 978-3-319-09198-3; 978-3-319-09197-6 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2015 VL 408 BP 169 EP 194 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-09198-3_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-09198-3 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BD0QY UT WOS:000357595600008 ER PT S AU Andersson, BG AF Andersson, B-G BE Lazarian, A DalPino, EMD Melioli, C TI Interstellar Grain Alignment: Observational Status SO MAGNETIC FIELDS IN DIFFUSE MEDIA SE Astrophysics and Space Science Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN FORMATION; TAURUS DARK CLOUDS; FAR-INFRARED POLARIZATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD STRENGTHS; OH ZEEMAN OBSERVATIONS; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; RADIATIVE TORQUES; DUST GRAINS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION AB Interstellar polarization in the optical/infrared has long been known to be due to asymmetrical dust grains aligned with the magnetic field and can potentially provide a resource effective way to probe both the topology and strength of the magnetic-field. However, to do so with confidence, the physics and variability of the alignment mechanisms must be quantitatively understood. The last 15 years has seen major advancements in both the theoretical and observational understanding of this problem. I here review the current state of the observational constraints on the grain alignment physics. While none of the three classes of proposed grain alignment theories: mechanical, paramagnetic relaxation and radiative alignment torque, can be viewed as having been empirically confirmed, the first two have failed some critical observational tests, whereas the latter has recently been given specific observational support and must now be viewed as the leading candidate. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, SOFIA Sci Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Andersson, BG (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, SOFIA Sci Ctr, MS N232-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM bgandersson@sofia.usra.edu OI Andersson, B-G/0000-0001-6717-0686 NR 129 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0067-0057 BN 978-3-662-44625-6; 978-3-662-44624-9 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2015 VL 407 BP 59 EP 87 DI 10.1007/978-3-662-44625-6_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-662-44625-6 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD0QW UT WOS:000357594300005 ER PT J AU Needelman, WM Zaretsky, EV AF Needelman, William M. Zaretsky, Erwin V. TI Recalibrated Equations for Determining Effect of Oil Filtration on Rolling Bearing Life SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Oil Filter Ratings; Oil Filtration; Rolling-Element Bearings; Life Prediction ID CONTACT FATIGUE; EHL CONTACTS; CONTAMINATED LUBRICANT; SURFACE DENTS; DAMAGE; MODEL AB In 1991, Needelman and Zaretsky presented a set of empirically derived equations for bearing fatigue life (adjustment) factors (LFs) as a function of oil filter ratings. These equations for life factors were incorporated into the reference book, STLE Life Factors for Rolling Bearings (Zaretsky, 1992). These equations were normalized (LF = 1) to a 10-mu m filter rating at beta(x) = 200 (normal cleanliness) as it was then defined. Over the past 20 years, these life factors based on oil filtration have been used in conjunction with American National Standards Institute/American Bearing Manufacturers Association (ANSI/ABMA) standards and bearing computer codes to predict rolling bearing life. Additional experimental studies have been made by other investigators into the relationship between rolling bearing life and the size, number, and type of particle contamination. During this time period, filter ratings have also been revised and improved, and they now use particle counting calibrated to a new National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) reference material, NIST SRM 2806 (NIST 1997). This article reviews the relevant bearing life studies and describes the new filter ratings. New filter ratings, beta(x(c)) = 200 and beta(x(c)) = 1,000, are benchmarked to old filter ratings, beta(x) = 200, and vice versa. Two separate sets of filter LF values were derived based on the new filter ratings for roller bearings and ball bearings, respectively. Bearing LFs can be calculated for the new filter ratings. C1 [Needelman, William M.] Filtrat Sci Solut, Huntington, NY 11743 USA. [Zaretsky, Erwin V.] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Needelman, WM (reprint author), Filtrat Sci Solut, Huntington, NY 11743 USA. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 EI 1547-397X J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PY 2015 VL 58 IS 5 BP 786 EP 800 DI 10.1080/10402004.2015.1005857 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA CP6DJ UT WOS:000359974200003 ER PT S AU Lih, SS Lee, HJ Bar-Cohen, Y AF Lih, Shyh-Shiuh Lee, Hyeong Jae Bar-Cohen, Yoseph BE Kundu, T TI Signal processing for determining water height in steam pipes with dynamic surface conditions SO HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Health monitoring; water level in pipe; dynamic surface conditions; Hilbert Transform; signal processing AB An enhanced signal processing method based on the filtered Hilbert envelope of the auto-correlation function of the wave signal has been developed to monitor the height of condensed water through the steel wall of steam pipes with dynamic surface conditions. The developed signal processing algorithm can also be used to estimate the thickness of the pipe to determine the cut-off frequency for the low pass filter frequency of the Hilbert Envelope. Testing and analysis results by using the developed technique for dynamic surface conditions are presented. A multiple array of transducers setup and methodology are proposed for both the pulse-echo and pitch-catch signals to monitor the fluctuation of the water height due to disturbance, water flow, and other anomaly conditions. C1 [Lih, Shyh-Shiuh; Lee, Hyeong Jae; Bar-Cohen, Yoseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lih, SS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 67-119,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM lih@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-541-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9438 AR 943804 DI 10.1117/12.2084519 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD3DC UT WOS:000359481400002 ER PT J AU Lopez, CF Jeevarajan, JA Mukherjee, PP AF Lopez, Carlos F. Jeevarajan, Judith A. Mukherjee, Partha P. TI Experimental Analysis of Thermal Runaway and Propagation in Lithium-Ion Battery Modules SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-POWER; CELLS; FIRE; CALORIMETRY; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY; ADDITIVES; MECHANISM; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS AB While the energy and power density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are steadily improving, thermal safety continues to remain a critical challenge. Under abuse conditions, exothermic reactions may lead to the release of heat that can trigger subsequent unsafe reactions. The situation worsens in a module configuration, as the released heat from an abused cell can activate a chain of reactions in the neighboring cells, causing catastrophic thermal runaway. This work focuses on experimental elucidation and analysis of different LIB module configurations to characterize the thermal behavior and determine safe practices. The abuse test consists of a heat-to-vent setting where a single cell in a module is triggered into thermal runaway via a heating element. The cell-to-cell thermal runaway propagation behavior has been characterized. Results have shown that increasing the inter-cell spacing in a module containing cylindrical cells significantly decreases the probability of thermal runaway propagation. Additionally, it was determined that appropriate tab configuration combined with cell form factors exhibit a major influence on thermal runaway propagation. Different thermal insulation materials have been analyzed to determine their ability to ameliorate and/or potentially mitigate propagation effects. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Lopez, Carlos F.; Mukherjee, Partha P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Jeevarajan, Judith A.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Lopez, CF (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM Judy.Jeevarajan@ul.com; pmukherjee@tamu.edu FU NASA Office of Education FX Financial support from NASA Office of Education is gratefully acknowledged. The cooperation of Pyrophobic Systems is greatly appreciated as they provided us with the flexibility to design the intumescent material modules to better suit our cell designs. Additionally, the support of the Energy System Test Area at NASA Johnson Space Center was invaluable for this work. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 45 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2015 VL 162 IS 9 BP A1905 EP A1915 DI 10.1149/2.0921509jes PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CO5CL UT WOS:000359177100028 ER PT J AU He, F Jin, XF Tian, TF Ding, HP Green, RD Xue, XJ AF He, Fei Jin, Xinfang Tian, Tingfang Ding, Hanping Green, Robert D. Xue, Xingjian TI Determination of Electrochemical Kinetic Property for Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductors from Electrical Conductivity Relaxation Measurements SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; OXYGEN-SURFACE EXCHANGE; TRANSPORT; CATHODE; BULK; LA0.5SR0.5COO3-DELTA; LSCF AB Electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) technique has been widely used to determine surface exchange and bulk diffusion coefficients for mixed ionic electronic conductors (MIECs). However, this extensively employed method is built upon an analytic solution with the form of infinite series derived from a strictly specified geometric sample shape. This may cause various problems for accurate parameter estimation due to the ill-posed nature. This research reports a new strategy to overcome these issues by utilizing a direct numerical method with inverse algorithm solution. The similarity relation between dimensionless relaxation time and chemical Biot number is revealed and used to identify whether or not the electrochemical kinetic property is limited by either bulk diffusion or surface exchange process for a set of MIECs. The Blot number effect on parameter estimation results is systematically studied and a suitable range of Biot number is suggested for obtaining more accurate estimations The uncertainty induced by measurement noise is also discussed for the estimated parameters. A case study of ECR measurement is carried out for an electrode material (La0.6Sr0.4)(0.95)Fe0.9Mo0.1 O-3 in CO/CO2 atmosphere at different temperatures and is comprehensively evaluated using the developed approach. (C) 2015 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Fei; Jin, Xinfang; Tian, Tingfang; Ding, Hanping; Xue, Xingjian] Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Green, Robert D.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP He, F (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM Xue@cec.sc.edu RI Ding, Hanping/G-2029-2016 OI Ding, Hanping/0000-0002-8734-7933 FU NASA's Space Technology Research Grants Program [NNX14AB26G] FX This work was supported by Early Stage Innovations grant #NNX14AB26G from NASA's Space Technology Research Grants Program. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2015 VL 162 IS 9 BP F951 EP F958 DI 10.1149/2.0131509jes PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CO5CL UT WOS:000359177100069 ER PT S AU Sandford, SA Bera, PP Lee, TJ Materese, CK Nuevo, M AF Sandford, Scott A. Bera, Partha P. Lee, Timothy J. Materese, Christopher K. Nuevo, Michel BE Barbatti, M Borin, AC Ullrich, S TI Photosynthesis and Photo-Stability of Nucleic Acids in Prebiotic Extraterrestrial Environments SO PHOTOINDUCED PHENOMENA IN NUCLEIC ACIDS II: DNA FRAGMENTS AND PHENOMENOLOGICAL ASPECTS SE Topics in Current Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Astrochemistry; Extraterrestrial abiotic nucleobase synthesis; Ice irradiation; Nucleobases; UV irradiation ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INTERSTELLAR ICE ANALOGS; FOCK PERTURBATION-THEORY; RACEMIC AMINO-ACIDS; SIDE-GROUP ADDITION; MURCHISON METEORITE; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; HYDROGEN-CYANIDE; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOLYSIS; UV PHOTOLYSIS AB Laboratory experiments have shown that the UV photo-irradiation of low-temperature ices of astrophysical interest leads to the formation of organic molecules, including molecules important for biology such as amino acids, quinones, and amphiphiles. When pyrimidine is introduced into these ices, the products of irradiation include the nucleobases uracil, cytosine, and thymine, the informational sub-units of DNA and RNA, as well as some of their isomers. The formation of these compounds, which has been studied both experimentally and theoretically, requires a succession of additions of OH, NH2, and CH3 groups to pyrimidine. Results show that H2O ice plays key roles in the formation of the nucleobases, as an oxidant, as a matrix in which reactions can take place, and as a catalyst that assists proton abstraction from intermediate compounds. As H2O is also the most abundant icy component in most cold astrophysical environments, it probably plays the same roles in space in the formation of biologically relevant compounds. Results also show that although the formation of uracil and cytosine from pyrimidine in ices is fairly straightforward, the formation of thymine is not. C1 [Sandford, Scott A.; Bera, Partha P.; Lee, Timothy J.; Materese, Christopher K.; Nuevo, Michel] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bera, Partha P.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. [Nuevo, Michel] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Sandford, SA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Scott.A.Sandford@nasa.gov RI Lee, Timothy/K-2838-2012 NR 198 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0340-1022 BN 978-3-319-13272-3; 978-3-319-13271-6 J9 TOP CURR CHEM JI Top. Curr. Chem. PY 2015 VL 356 BP 123 EP 164 DI 10.1007/128_2013_499 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-13272-3 PG 42 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BD2WO UT WOS:000359359300005 PM 24500331 ER PT J AU El-Askary, H Park, SK Nickovic, S Chin, M AF El-Askary, Hesham Park, Seon K. Nickovic, Slobodan Chin, Mian TI Remote Sensing and Modeling of Atmospheric Dust and Studying Its Impact on Environment, Weather, and Climate SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [El-Askary, Hesham] Chapman Univ, Schmid Coll Sci & Technol, Orange, CA 92866 USA. [El-Askary, Hesham] Chapman Univ, Ctr Excellence Earth Observing, Orange, CA 92866 USA. [El-Askary, Hesham] Univ Alexandria, Dept Environm Sci, Alexandria 21522, Egypt. [Park, Seon K.] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Seoul 120750, South Korea. [Park, Seon K.] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci & Engn, Seoul 120750, South Korea. [Park, Seon K.] Ewha Womans Univ, Severe Storm Res Ctr, Seoul 120750, South Korea. [Park, Seon K.] Ewha Womans Univ, Ctr Climate Environm Change Predict Res, Seoul 120750, South Korea. [Nickovic, Slobodan] Univ Arizona, Inst Atmospher Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nickovic, Slobodan] South East European Virtual Climate Change Ctr, Republ Hydrometeorol Serv, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. [Nickovic, Slobodan] Inst Phys, Belgrade 11080, Serbia. [Chin, Mian] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP El-Askary, H (reprint author), Chapman Univ, Schmid Coll Sci & Technol, Orange, CA 92866 USA. EM elaskary@chapman.edu RI Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2015 AR 854968 DI 10.1155/2015/854968 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP0EY UT WOS:000359549800001 ER PT J AU Garnier, A Pelon, J Vaughan, MA Winker, DM Trepte, CR Dubuisson, P AF Garnier, A. Pelon, J. Vaughan, M. A. Winker, D. M. Trepte, C. R. Dubuisson, P. TI Lidar multiple scattering factors inferred from CALIPSO lidar and IIR retrievals of semi-transparent cirrus cloud optical depths over oceans SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ICE WATER-CONTENT; PART I; DEPOLARIZATION RATIO; EXTINCTION; ALGORITHM; SPACEBORNE; PARTICLES; PERFORMANCE; EMISSIVITY; RADIATION AB Cirrus cloud absorption optical depths retrieved at 12.05 mu m are compared to extinction optical depths retrieved at 0.532 mu m from perfectly co-located observations of single-layered semi-transparent cirrus over ocean made by the Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR) and the Cloud and Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) flying on board the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) satellite. IIR infrared absorption optical depths are compared to CALIOP visible extinction optical depths when the latter can be directly derived from the measured apparent two-way transmittance through the cloud. An evaluation of the CALIOP multiple scattering factor is inferred from these comparisons after assessing and correcting biases in IIR and CALIOP optical depths reported in version 3 data products. In particular, the blackbody radiance taken in the IIR version 3 algorithm is evaluated, and IIR retrievals are corrected accordingly. Numerical simulations and IIR retrievals of ice crystal sizes suggest that the ratios of CALIOP extinction and IIR absorption optical depths should remain roughly constant with respect to temperature. Instead, these ratios are found to increase quasi-linearly by about 40% as the temperature at the layer centroid altitude decreases from 240 to 200 K. It is discussed that this behavior can be explained by variations of the multiple scattering factor eta(T) applied to correct the measured apparent two-way transmittance for contribution of forward-scattering. While the CALIOP version 3 retrievals hold eta(T) fixed at 0.6, this study shows that eta(T) varies with temperature (and hence cloud particle size) from eta(T) = 0.8 at 200K to eta(T) = 0.5 at 240K for single-layered semi-transparent cirrus clouds with optical depth larger than 0.3. The revised parameterization of eta(T) introduces a concomitant temperature dependence in the simultaneously derived CALIOP lidar ratios that is consistent with observed changes in CALIOP depolarization ratios and particle habits derived from IIR measurements. C1 [Garnier, A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Pelon, J.] UPMC UVSQ CNRS, Atmospheres Lab, Milieux, Observat Spatiales, Paris, France. [Vaughan, M. A.; Winker, D. M.; Trepte, C. R.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Dubuisson, P.] Univ Lille 1, Opt Atmospher Lab, Lille, France. RP Garnier, A (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM anne.garnier@latmos.ipsl.fr NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2759 EP 2774 DI 10.5194/amt-8-2759-2015 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9WA UT WOS:000358799900009 ER PT J AU Mannucci, AJ Tsurutani, BT Verkhoglyadova, O Komjathy, A Pi, X AF Mannucci, A. J. Tsurutani, B. T. Verkhoglyadova, O. Komjathy, A. Pi, X. TI Use of radio occultation to probe the high-latitude ionosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID HEIGHT-INTEGRATED PEDERSEN; ELECTRON-DENSITY PROFILES; HIGH-INTENSITY; LONG-DURATION; MODEL; CONDUCTIVITY; CONDUCTANCES; SYSTEM; ENERGY; CHAMP AB We have explored the use of COSMIC data to provide valuable scientific information on the ionospheric impacts of energetic particle precipitation during geomagnetic storms. Ionospheric electron density in the E region, and hence ionospheric conductivity, is significantly altered by precipitating particles from the magnetosphere. This has global impacts on the thermosphere-ionosphere because of the important role of conductivity on high-latitude Joule heating. Two high-speed stream (HSS) and two coronal mass ejection (CME) storms are examined with the COSMIC data. We find clear correlation between geomagnetic activity and electron density retrievals from COSMIC. At nighttime local times, the number of profiles with maximum electron densities in the E layer (below 200 km altitude) is well correlated with geomagnetic activity. We interpret this to mean that electron density increases due to precipitation are captured by the COSMIC profiles. These "E-layer-dominant ionosphere" (ELDI) profiles have geomagnetic latitudes that are consistent with climatological models of the auroral location. For the two HSS storms that occurred in May of 2011 and 2012, a strong hemispheric asymmetry is observed, with nearly all the ELDI profiles found in the Southern, less sunlit, Hemisphere. Stronger aurora and precipitation have been observed before in winter hemispheres, but the degree of asymmetry deserves further study. For the two CME storms, occurring in July and November of 2012, large increases in the number of ELDI profiles are found starting in the storm's main phase but continuing for several days into the recovery phase. Analysis of the COSMIC profiles was extended to all local times for the July 2012 CME storm by relaxing the ELDI criterion and instead visually inspecting all profiles above 50 degrees magnetic latitude for signatures of precipitation in the E region. For 9 days during the July 2012 period, we find a signature of precipitation occurs nearly uniformly in local time, although the magnitude of electron density increase may vary with local time. The latitudinal extent of the precipitation layers is generally consistent with auroral climatology. However, after the storm main phase on 14 July 2012 the precipitation tended to be somewhat more equatorward than the climatology (by about 5-10 degrees latitude) and equatorward of the auroral boundary data acquired from the SSUSI sensor onboard the F18 DMSP satellite. We conclude that, if analyzed appropriately, high-latitude COSMIC profiles have the potential to contribute to our understanding of MI coupling processes and extend and improve existing models of the auroral region. C1 [Mannucci, A. J.; Tsurutani, B. T.; Verkhoglyadova, O.; Komjathy, A.; Pi, X.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Mannucci, AJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM tony.mannucci@jpl.nasa.gov OI Verkhoglyadova, Olga/0000-0002-9295-9539 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Living With a Star Program within the Heliophysics Division of NASA's Science Mission Directorate FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We acknowledge the support of the Living With a Star Program, within the Heliophysics Division of NASA's Science Mission Directorate. We gratefully acknowledge the provision of Formosat-3/COSMIC electron density profile data from the COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center and SSUSI data from the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. We acknowledge use of NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center's Space Physics Data Facility's OMNIWeb service and OMNI data. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2789 EP 2800 DI 10.5194/amt-8-2789-2015 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9WA UT WOS:000358799900011 ER PT J AU Limbacher, JA Kahn, RA AF Limbacher, J. A. Kahn, R. A. TI MISR empirical stray light corrections in high-contrast scenes SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; DARK WATER; PERFORMANCE; REFINEMENTS; AEROSOLS; AERONET; OCEAN AB We diagnose the potential causes for the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer's (MISR) persistent high aerosol optical depth (AOD) bias at low AOD with the aid of coincident MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery from NASA's Terra satellite. Stray light in the MISR instrument is responsible for a large portion of the high AOD bias in high-contrast scenes, such as broken-cloud scenes that are quite common over ocean. Discrepancies among MODIS and MISR nadir-viewing blue, green, red, and near-infrared images are used to optimize seven parameters individually for each wavelength, along with a background reflectance modulation term that is modeled separately, to represent the observed features. Independent surface-based AOD measurements from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) and the Marine Aerosol Network (MAN) are compared with MISR research aerosol retrieval algorithm (RA) AOD retrievals for 1118 coincidences to validate the corrections when applied to the nadir and off-nadir cameras. With these corrections, plus the baseline RA corrections and enhanced cloud screening applied, the median AOD bias for all data in the mid-visible (green, 558 nm) band decreases from 0.006 (0.020 for the MISR standard algorithm (SA)) to 0.000, and the RMSE decreases by 5% (27% compared to the SA). For AOD(558 nm) < 0.10, which includes about half the validation data, 68th percentile absolute AOD(558 nm) errors for the RA have dropped from 0.022 (0.034 for the SA) to < 0.02 (similar to 0.018). C1 [Limbacher, J. A.; Kahn, R. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Limbacher, J. A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Kahn, RA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ralph.kahn@nasa.gov FU NASA's Climate and Radiation Research and Analysis Program; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program; NASA Earth Observing System MISR instrument project FX We thank our colleagues on the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's MISR instrument team and at the NASA Langley Research Center's Atmospheric Sciences Data Center for their roles in producing the MISR standard data sets, as well as our colleagues on the MODIS team, Brent Holben and the AERONET team, and Alexander Smirnov and the MAN team for the invaluable data sets they produce. We also thank Sergey Korkin, and Andrew Sayer for helpful discussions, Alexei Lyapustin for providing his MODIS radiometric correction code, Maksym Petrenko for identifying the MISR/MAN coincidences, and Carol Bruegge, James Butler, Veljko Jovanovic, and Michael Garay for comments on an early version of the manuscript. This research is supported in part by NASA's Climate and Radiation Research and Analysis Program under H. Maring, NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program under R. Eckman, and the NASA Earth Observing System MISR instrument project. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2927 EP 2943 DI 10.5194/amt-8-2927-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9WA UT WOS:000358799900020 ER PT J AU Dutkiewicz, S Hickman, AE Jahn, O Gregg, WW Mouw, CB Follows, MJ AF Dutkiewicz, S. Hickman, A. E. Jahn, O. Gregg, W. W. Mouw, C. B. Follows, M. J. TI Capturing optically important constituents and properties in a marine biogeochemical and ecosystem model SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; IRRADIANCE INVERSION ALGORITHM; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; CLEAREST NATURAL-WATERS; GLOBAL OCEAN; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BACKSCATTERING COEFFICIENTS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY AB We present a numerical model of the ocean that couples a three-stream radiative transfer component with a marine biogeochemical-ecosystem component in a dynamic three-dimensional physical framework. The radiative transfer component resolves the penetration of spectral irradiance as it is absorbed and scattered within the water column. We explicitly include the effect of several optically important water constituents (different phytoplankton functional types; detrital particles; and coloured dissolved organic matter, CDOM). The model is evaluated against in situ-observed and satellite-derived products. In particular we compare to concurrently measured biogeochemical, ecosystem, and optical data along a meridional transect of the Atlantic Ocean. The simulation captures the patterns and magnitudes of these data, and estimates surface upwelling irradiance analogous to that observed by ocean colour satellite instruments. We find that incorporating the different optically important constituents explicitly and including spectral irradiance was crucial to capture the variability in the depth of the subsurface chlorophyll a (Chl a) maximum. We conduct a series of sensitivity experiments to demonstrate, globally, the relative importance of each of the water constituents, as well as the crucial feedbacks between the light field, the relative fitness of phytoplankton types, and the biogeochemistry of the ocean. CDOM has proportionally more importance at attenuating light at short wavelengths and in more productive waters, phytoplankton absorption is relatively more important at the subsurface Chl a maximum, and water molecules have the greatest contribution when concentrations of other constituents are low, such as in the oligotrophic gyres. Scattering had less effect on attenuation, but since it is important for the amount and type of upwelling irradiance, it is crucial for setting sea surface reflectance. Strikingly, sensitivity experiments in which absorption by any of the optical constituents was increased led to a decrease in the size of the oligotrophic regions of the subtropical gyres: lateral nutrient supplies were enhanced as a result of decreasing high-latitude productivity. This new model that captures bio-optical feedbacks will be important for improving our understanding of the role of light and optical constituents on ocean biogeochemistry, especially in a changing environment. Further, resolving surface upwelling irradiance will make it easier to connect to satellite-derived products in the future. C1 [Dutkiewicz, S.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Dutkiewicz, S.; Jahn, O.; Follows, M. J.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hickman, A. E.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Gregg, W. W.] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mouw, C. B.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Dutkiewicz, S (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM stephd@mit.edu RI Mouw, Colleen/M-4431-2015; OI Mouw, Colleen/0000-0003-2516-1882; Jahn, Oliver/0000-0002-0130-5186 FU NASA [NNX13AC34G]; NERC [NE/H015930/2]; NSF [OCE1434007, OCE1155295]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NERC through AMT consortium [NER/O/S/2001/00680]; NERC FX We are grateful to NASA (NNX13AC34G), NERC (NE/H015930/2), NSF (OCE1434007, OCE1155295), and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for funding. The work on AMT-15 was supported by NERC through the AMT consortium (NER/O/S/2001/00680). This is contribution number 262 of the AMT programme. Participation of A. E. Hickman in AMT-15 was funded by a NERC PhD studentship. We thank S. Alvain for making the PHYSAT data available to us. We appreciate the NASA GSFC website for the MODIS level 3 data used here, as well as the ocean productivity website at Oregon State University for primary production data, and the efforts of the MAREDAT team for the phytoplankton compilations. We would like to thank D. Stramski for phytoplankton absorption and scattering data for phytoplankton and detritus, and D. Suggett and L. Moore for additional phytoplankton absorption spectra. Thanks also to the Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT) community, in particular J. Heywood and M. Zubkov for analytical flow cytometry measurements, L. Hay and G. Moore for optics data, A. Stubbins for aCDOM data, M. Woodward and K. Chamberlain for nutrient data, and A. Pattenden for assistance with Chl a and phytoplankton light absorption measurements. We appreciate the constructive comments and suggestions from E. Boss and an anonymous reviewer, which significantly improved this article. We also thank C. Follett, A. Mignot, and S. Sathyendranath for catching typos in the equations and tables. NR 130 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 14 BP 4447 EP 4481 DI 10.5194/bg-12-4447-2015 PG 35 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CN9WJ UT WOS:000358800900017 ER PT J AU Sproles, EA Leibowitz, SG Reager, JT Wigington, PJ Famiglietti, JS Patil, SD AF Sproles, E. A. Leibowitz, S. G. Reager, J. T. Wigington, P. J., Jr. Famiglietti, J. S. Patil, S. D. TI GRACE storage-runoff hystereses reveal the dynamics of regional watersheds SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GROUNDWATER DEPLETION; OREGON CASCADES; SOIL-MOISTURE; RIVER-BASIN; MOUNTAIN HYDROLOGY; SNOWPACK; MODEL AB We characterize how regional watersheds function as simple, dynamic systems through a series of hysteresis loops using measurements from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites. These loops illustrate the temporal relationship between runoff and terrestrial water storage in three regional-scale watersheds (> 150 000 km(2)) of the Columbia River Basin, USA and Canada. The shape and size of the hysteresis loops are controlled by the climate, topography, and geology of the watershed. The direction of the hystereses for the GRACE signals moves in opposite directions from the isolated groundwater hystereses. The subsurface water (soil moisture and groundwater) hystereses more closely resemble the storage-runoff relationship of a soil matrix. While the physical processes underlying these hystereses are inherently complex, the vertical integration of terrestrial water in the GRACE signal encapsulates the processes that govern the non-linear function of regional-scale watersheds. We use this process-based understanding to test how GRACE data can be applied prognostically to predict seasonal runoff (mean Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.91) and monthly runoff during the low flow/high demand month of August (mean Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.77) in all three watersheds. The global nature of GRACE data allows this same methodology to be applied in other regional-scale studies, and could be particularly useful in regions with minimal data and in trans-boundary watersheds. C1 [Sproles, E. A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Sproles, E. A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Leibowitz, S. G.; Wigington, P. J., Jr.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Reager, J. T.; Famiglietti, J. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Patil, S. D.] Bangor Univ, Sch Environm Nat Resources & Geog, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Sproles, E. A.] Univ La Serena, Ctr Estudios Avanzados Zonas Aridas, La Serena 1305, Chile. RP Sproles, EA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Technol, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM eric.sproles@gmail.com RI Patil, Sopan/E-8497-2011; OI Patil, Sopan/0000-0002-8575-5220; Sproles, Eric/0000-0003-1245-1653 FU NASA MEaSUREs Program; US Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors would like to thank Matthew Rodell and Felix Landerer for their expertise in understanding GRACE data during the initial stages of the research. GRACE terrestrial data were processed by Sean Swenson, supported by the NASA MEaSUREs Program, and are available at http://grace.jpl.nasa.gov. The GLDAS and NLDAS data used in this study were acquired as part of the mission of NASA's Earth Science Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. We would like to thank the reviewers of the manuscript that have helped improve its overall quality. Additionally, Tim Kerr provided objective feedback and comments on the research findings. The information in this document has been funded entirely by the US Environmental Protection Agency, in part by an appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and EPA. This manuscript has been subjected to Agency review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 19 IS 7 BP 3253 EP 3272 DI 10.5194/hess-19-3253-2015 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CO1MA UT WOS:000358918200016 ER PT J AU Kwok, R Haas, C AF Kwok, R. Haas, C. TI Effects of radar side-lobes on snow depth retrievals from Operation IceBridge SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; sea ice; snow; snow/ice surface processes ID ARCTIC SEA-ICE; THICKNESS AB Arctic snow depth data products from four years (2009-12) of Operation Ice Bridge (OIB) surveys are examined. In our analysis, we found spurious spikes in the snow depth distributions of both the multi-year and seasonal ice covers. These spikes are artifacts that stem from the incorrect identification of side lobes and main lobes of the impulse response of the snow radar as returns from the air-snow interface. The current OIB snow depth retrieval algorithm does not explicitly account for the presence of these side lobes and main lobes. As a result, overall accuracy of snow depth returns and related statistics is negatively affected. Although the range locations of these side lobes are predictable for each radar installation, they vary with individual airborne campaigns. Comparisons with limited in situ snow surveys show significant differences of >20 cm between OIB and in situ snow surveys. These artifacts affect OIB ice thickness estimates because they rely on estimates of sea-ice freeboard, which are calculated as the differences between coincident snow freeboard from lidar elevations and the retrieved snow depth estimates discussed here. Since these products are widely distributed to the scientific community, our results suggest that earlier geophysical studies based on these products may need to be re-examined. C1 [Kwok, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Haas, C.] York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. RP Kwok, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ron.kwok@jpl.nasa.gov RI Kwok, Ron/A-9762-2008; Haas, Christian/L-5279-2016 OI Kwok, Ron/0000-0003-4051-5896; Haas, Christian/0000-0002-7674-3500 FU NASA FX We thank Shirley Pang for software support during the course of this study. Data from OIB are provided by the NSIDC. CryoVEx data are available through the ESA data portal: http://earth.esa.int. R.K. performed this work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 4 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2015 VL 61 IS 227 BP 576 EP 584 DI 10.3189/2015JoG14J229 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CO2HS UT WOS:000358977400014 ER PT J AU Coutre, KM Beaudreau, AH Malecha, PW AF Coutre, K. M. Beaudreau, A. H. Malecha, P. W. TI Temporal Variation in Diet Composition and Use of Pulsed Resource Subsidies by Juvenile Sablefish SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; PACIFIC SALMON; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ENERGY ALLOCATION; CLUPEA-PALLASI; OCEAN CLIMATE; NORTHERN GULF; BERING-SEA AB Pulsed resources create an influx of energy that can provide individual and population level benefits to their consumers. As consumers, Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria experience strong seasonal pulses in prey resources during their critical period of juvenile growth in the nearshore marine environment. This study described temporal patterns in diet composition of Sablefish (N = 1,081) ranging in size from 226 to 455 mm FL during July and September in St. John Baptist Bay, Alaska. Juvenile Sablefish exploited a large variety of prey taxa characteristic of a generalist predator and experienced significant diet shifts among sampling periods revealing seasonal and interannual variation in resource use. Diets appeared more diverse in 2012 when more invertebrate taxa were consumed compared with 2013 when diets were dominated by herring and salmonid offal. In September of both years, spawning Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha were observed within the study area and juvenile Sablefish capitalized on this high energy subsidy, and salmon carcasses were among the top contributors to their diets by weight. However, Sablefish also exploited in situ prey of lower energy, such as benthic invertebrates, suggesting that Sablefish are not entirely reliant on seasonally pulsed, high-energy prey. This study further emphasizes the significance of salmon as a vector of energy across ecosystems and is one of the first to document a marine teleost species scavenging on adult salmon carcasses in coastal marine waters. C1 [Coutre, K. M.; Beaudreau, A. H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Malecha, P. W.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Coutre, KM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM kmcoutre@alaska.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4320751]; University of Alaska; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research FX This publication is the result, in part, of research sponsored by the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under cooperative agreement NA08OAR4320751 with the University of Alaska. Additional funding was provided by the University of Alaska Fairbanks. The authors thank F. Mueter for invaluable discussion and feedback. We thank two anonymous reviewers whose thoughtful comments improved the paper. Also, thanks to K. Echave, D. Hanselman, P. Rigby, C. Rodgveller, B. Mecum, K. Fenske, N. Richardson, M. Chan, and S. Fouse for excellent field help, laboratory assistance, and feedback. Thanks to Sitka Sound Science Center, Island-view Charters, and the Sitka Fine Arts Camp for providing housing and resources necessary for sampling trips. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 4 BP 807 EP 819 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1037015 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CO0PP UT WOS:000358854700013 ER PT J AU Liu, J Scheuer, E Dibb, J Diskin, GS Ziemba, LD Thornhill, KL Anderson, BE Wisthaler, A Mikoviny, T Devi, JJ Bergin, M Perring, AE Markovic, MZ Schwarz, JP Campuzano-Jost, P Day, DA Jimenez, JL Weber, RJ AF Liu, J. Scheuer, E. Dibb, J. Diskin, G. S. Ziemba, L. D. Thornhill, K. L. Anderson, B. E. Wisthaler, A. Mikoviny, T. Devi, J. J. Bergin, M. Perring, A. E. Markovic, M. Z. Schwarz, J. P. Campuzano-Jost, P. Day, D. A. Jimenez, J. L. Weber, R. J. TI Brown carbon aerosol in the North American continental troposphere: sources, abundance, and radiative forcing SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-ABSORPTION ENHANCEMENT; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BIOMASS BURNING PARTICLES; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; BLACK CARBON; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLAR-RADIATION; RESOLVED MEASUREMENTS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ANGSTROM EXPONENT AB Chemical components of organic aerosol (OA) selectively absorb light at short wavelengths. In this study, the prevalence, sources, and optical importance of this so-called brown carbon (BrC) aerosol component are investigated throughout the North American continental tropospheric column during a summer of extensive biomass burning. Spectrophotometric absorption measurements on extracts of bulk aerosol samples collected from an aircraft over the central USA were analyzed to directly quantify BrC abundance. BrC was found to be prevalent throughout the 1 to 12 km altitude measurement range, with dramatic enhancements in biomass-burning plumes. BrC to black carbon (BC) ratios, under background tropospheric conditions, increased with altitude, consistent with a corresponding increase in the absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) determined from a three-wavelength particle soot absorption photometer (PSAP). The sum of inferred BC absorption and measured BrC absorption at 365 nm was within 3% of the measured PSAP absorption for background conditions and 22% for biomass burning. A radiative transfer model showed that BrC absorption reduced top-of-atmosphere (TOA) aerosol forcing by similar to 20% in the background troposphere. Extensive radiative model simulations applying this study background tropospheric conditions provided a look-up chart for determining radiative forcing efficiencies of BrC as a function of a surface-measured BrC : BC ratio and single scattering albedo (SSA). The chart is a first attempt to provide a tool for better assessment of brown carbon's forcing effect when one is limited to only surface data. These results indicate that BrC is an important contributor to direct aerosol radiative forcing. C1 [Liu, J.; Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Scheuer, E.; Dibb, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Diskin, G. S.; Ziemba, L. D.; Thornhill, K. L.; Anderson, B. E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Mikoviny, T.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Devi, J. J.; Bergin, M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Perring, A. E.; Markovic, M. Z.; Schwarz, J. P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Perring, A. E.; Markovic, M. Z.; Schwarz, J. P.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D. A.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D. A.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Weber, RJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM rodney.weber@eas.gatech.edu RI Liu, Jiumeng/K-2024-2012; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Liu, Jiumeng/0000-0001-7238-593X; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; FU GIT NASA [NNX12AB83G, NNX08AH80G]; UNH NASA [NNX12AB80G]; NASA [NNX12AC03G] FX This project was funded by GIT NASA contracts NNX12AB83G and NNX08AH80G and UNH NASA contract NNX12AB80G. Acetonitrile measurements onboard the DC-8 were supported by BMVIT/FFG-ALR and the NASA Postdoctoral Program. P. Campuzano-Jost, D. A. Day, and J. L. Jimenez were supported by NASA NNX12AC03G. The authors thank the DC3 personnel for logistical support. NR 70 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 14 BP 7841 EP 7858 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7841-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9VS UT WOS:000358799000007 ER PT J AU Achakulwisut, P Mickley, LJ Murray, LT Tai, APK Kaplan, JO Alexander, B AF Achakulwisut, P. Mickley, L. J. Murray, L. T. Tai, A. P. K. Kaplan, J. O. Alexander, B. TI Uncertainties in isoprene photochemistry and emissions: implications for the oxidative capacity of past and present atmospheres and for climate forcing agents SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; LAND-USE; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; HYDROXYL RADICALS; METHYL CHLOROFORM; CO2 CONCENTRATION; ORGANIC NITRATES AB Isoprene and its oxidation products are major players in the oxidative chemistry of the troposphere. Current understanding of the factors controlling biogenic isoprene emissions and of the fate of isoprene oxidation products in the atmosphere has been evolving rapidly. We use a climate-biosphere-chemistry modeling framework to evaluate the sensitivity of estimates of the tropospheric oxidative capacity to uncertainties in isoprene emissions and photochemistry. Our work focuses on two climate transitions: from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 19 000-23 000 years BP) to the preindustrial (1770s) and from the preindustrial to the present day (1990s). We find that different oxidants have different sensitivities to the uncertainties tested in this study. Ozone is relatively insensitive, whereas OH is the most sensitive: changes in the global mean OH levels for the LGM-to-preindustrial transition range between 29 and +7% and those for the preindustrial-to-present-day transition range between -8 and +17% across our simulations. We find little variability in the implied relative LGM-preindustrial difference in methane emissions with respect to the uncertainties tested in this study. Conversely, estimates of the preindustrial-to-present-day and LGM-to-preindustrial changes in the global burden of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) are highly sensitive. We show that the linear relationship between tropospheric mean OH and tropospheric mean ozone photolysis rates, water vapor, and total emissions of NOx and reactive carbon - first reported in Murray et al. (2014) - does not hold across all periods with the new isoprene photochemistry mechanism. This study demonstrates how inadequacies in our current understanding of isoprene emissions and photochemistry impede our ability to constrain the oxidative capacities of the present and past atmospheres, its controlling factors, and the radiative forcing of some short-lived species such as SOA over time. C1 [Achakulwisut, P.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mickley, L. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Murray, L. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Murray, L. T.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Tai, A. P. K.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Earth Syst Sci Programme, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Kaplan, J. O.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, ARVE Grp, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Alexander, B.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Achakulwisut, P (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pachakulwisut@fas.harvard.edu RI Murray, Lee/F-2296-2014; Alexander, Becky/N-7048-2013; Kaplan, Jed/P-1796-2015 OI Murray, Lee/0000-0002-3447-3952; Alexander, Becky/0000-0001-9915-4621; Kaplan, Jed/0000-0001-9919-7613 FU NSF [AGS-1102880] FX The authors would like to thank Mirjam Pfeiffer for performing the LPJ-LMfire simulations, John Mak for providing ice-core CO data, and Daniel Jacob, Karena McKinney, Fabien Paulot, and Malcolm Possell for stimulating discussions. This project was funded by NSF grant AGS-1102880 to Harvard University and to the University of Washington. NR 107 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 14 BP 7977 EP 7998 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7977-2015 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9VS UT WOS:000358799000015 ER PT J AU Ziemke, JR Douglass, AR Oman, LD Strahan, SE Duncan, BN AF Ziemke, J. R. Douglass, A. R. Oman, L. D. Strahan, S. E. Duncan, B. N. TI Tropospheric ozone variability in the tropics from ENSO to MJO and shorter timescales SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; 1997-1998 EL-NINO; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT MODEL; CLIMATE MODELS; CHEMISTRY; SIMULATION; IMPACT; CIRCULATION AB Aura OMI and MLS measurements are combined to produce daily maps of tropospheric ozone beginning October 2004. We show that El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related inter-annual change in tropospheric ozone in the tropics is small in relation to combined intra-seasonal/Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and shorter timescale variability by a factor of similar to 3-10 (largest in the Atlantic). Outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), taken as a proxy for convection, suggests that convection is a dominant driver of large-scale variability of tropospheric ozone in the Pacific from inter-annual (e.g., ENSO) to weekly periods. We compare tropospheric ozone and OLR satellite observations with two simulations: (1) the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) chemistry-climate model (CCM) that uses observed sea surface temperatures and is otherwise free-running, and (2) the NASA Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemical transport model (CTM) that is driven by Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) analyses. It is shown that the CTM-simulated ozone accurately matches measurements for timescales from ENSO to intra-seasonal/MJO and even 1-2-week periods. The CCM simulation reproduces ENSO variability but not shorter timescales. These analyses suggest that a model used to delineate temporal and/or spatial properties of tropospheric ozone and convection in the tropics must reproduce both ENSO and non-ENSO variability. C1 [Ziemke, J. R.] Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Ziemke, J. R.; Douglass, A. R.; Oman, L. D.; Strahan, S. E.; Duncan, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Strahan, S. E.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Ziemke, JR (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. EM jerald.r.ziemke@nasa.gov RI Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012; Oman, Luke/C-2778-2009; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011 OI Oman, Luke/0000-0002-5487-2598; FU NASA [NN10ZDA001N-AURA] FX The authors thank the Aura MLS and OMI instrument and algorithm teams for the extensive satellite measurements used in this study. We thank the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) for producing the OLR daily data product and the modeling teams involving the NASA CCM and CTM at Goddard Space Flight Center. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers whose helpful comments have improved our paper and also Sarah Strode and Steve Steenrod for discussions regarding the models. OMI is a Dutch-Finnish contribution to the Aura mission. Funding for this research was provided in part by NASA NN10ZDA001N-AURA. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 14 BP 8037 EP 8049 DI 10.5194/acp-15-8037-2015 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9VS UT WOS:000358799000018 ER PT J AU Wagner, NL Brock, CA Angevine, WM Beyersdorf, A Campuzano-Jost, P Day, DA de Gouw, JA Diskin, GS Gordon, TD Graus, MG Holloway, JS Huey, G Jimenez, JL Lack, DA Liao, J Liu, X Markovic, MZ Middlebrook, AM Mikoviny, T Peischl, J Perring, AE Richardson, MS Ryerson, TB Schwarz, JP Warneke, C Welti, A Wisthaler, A Ziemba, LD Murphy, DM AF Wagner, N. L. Brock, C. A. Angevine, W. M. Beyersdorf, A. Campuzano-Jost, P. Day, D. A. de Gouw, J. A. Diskin, G. S. Gordon, T. D. Graus, M. G. Holloway, J. S. Huey, G. Jimenez, J. L. Lack, D. A. Liao, J. Liu, X. Markovic, M. Z. Middlebrook, A. M. Mikoviny, T. Peischl, J. Perring, A. E. Richardson, M. S. Ryerson, T. B. Schwarz, J. P. Warneke, C. Welti, A. Wisthaler, A. Ziemba, L. D. Murphy, D. M. TI In situ vertical profiles of aerosol extinction, mass, and composition over the southeast United States during SENEX and SEAC(4)RS: observations of a modest aerosol enhancement aloft (vol 15, pg 7085, 2015) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Wagner, N. L.; Brock, C. A.; Angevine, W. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Gordon, T. D.; Graus, M. G.; Holloway, J. S.; Lack, D. A.; Liao, J.; Markovic, M. Z.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Peischl, J.; Perring, A. E.; Richardson, M. S.; Ryerson, T. B.; Schwarz, J. P.; Warneke, C.; Welti, A.; Murphy, D. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wagner, N. L.; Angevine, W. M.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D. A.; de Gouw, J. A.; Gordon, T. D.; Graus, M. G.; Holloway, J. S.; Jimenez, J. L.; Lack, D. A.; Liao, J.; Markovic, M. Z.; Peischl, J.; Perring, A. E.; Richardson, M. S.; Schwarz, J. P.; Warneke, C.; Welti, A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beyersdorf, A.; Diskin, G. S.; Ziemba, L. D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D. A.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Huey, G.; Liu, X.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Mikoviny, T.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Welti, A.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Wagner, NL (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nick.wagner@noaa.gov RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 14 BP 8455 EP 8455 DI 10.5194/acp-15-8455-2015 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9VS UT WOS:000358799000038 ER PT J AU Kishcha, P da Silva, A Starobinets, B Long, C Kalashnikova, O Alpert, P AF Kishcha, Pavel da Silva, Arlindo Starobinets, Boris Long, Charles Kalashnikova, Olga Alpert, Pinhas TI Saharan dust as a causal factor of hemispheric asymmetry in aerosols and cloud cover over the tropical Atlantic Ocean SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MINERAL DUST; MODIS; PRECIPITATION; SATELLITE; TRENDS; THICKNESS; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; IMPACT AB Previous studies showed that, over the global ocean, there is no noticeable hemispheric asymmetry in cloud fraction (CF). This contributes to the balance in solar radiation reaching the sea surface in the northern and southern hemispheres. In the current study, we focus on the tropical Atlantic (30 degrees N-30 degrees S), which is characterized by significant amounts of Saharan dust dominating other aerosol species over the North Atlantic. Our main point is that, over the tropical Atlantic, Saharan dust not only is responsible for the pronounced hemispheric aerosol asymmetry, but also contributes to significant cloud cover along the Saharan Air Layer (SAL). Over the tropical Atlantic in July, along the SAL, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer CF data showed significant cloud cover (up to 0.8-0.9). This significant CF along SAL together with clouds over the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone contributes to the 20% hemispheric CF asymmetry. This leads to the imbalance in strong solar radiation, which reaches the sea surface between the tropical North and South Atlantic, and, consequently, affects climate formation in the tropical Atlantic. During the 10-year study period (July 2002-June 2012), NASA Aerosol Reanalysis (aka MERRAero) showed that, when the hemispheric asymmetry in dust aerosol optical thickness (AOT) was most pronounced (particularly in July), dust AOT averaged separately over the tropical North Atlantic was one order of magnitude higher than that averaged over the tropical South Atlantic. In the presence of such strong hemispheric asymmetry in dust AOT in July, CF averaged separately over the tropical North Atlantic exceeded that over the tropical South Atlantic by 20%. Both Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer measurements and MERRAero data were in agreement on seasonal variations in hemispheric aerosol asymmetry. Hemispheric asymmetry in total AOT over the Atlantic was most pronounced between March and July, when dust presence over the North Atlantic was maximal. In September and October, there was no noticeable hemispheric aerosol asymmetry between the tropical North and South Atlantic. During the season with no noticeable hemispheric aerosol asymmetry, we found no noticeable asymmetry in cloud cover. C1 [Kishcha, Pavel; Starobinets, Boris; Alpert, Pinhas] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geosci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [da Silva, Arlindo] NASA GSFC, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Long, Charles] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kalashnikova, Olga] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kishcha, P (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geosci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM pavelk@post.tau.ac.il FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy; international Virtual Institute DESERVE (Dead Sea Research Venue) - German Helmholtz Association FX Dr Long acknowledges support from the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Systems Research Program. The Tel-Aviv University team acknowledges support from the international Virtual Institute DESERVE (Dead Sea Research Venue), funded by the German Helmholtz Association. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2015 VL 36 IS 13 BP 3423 EP 3445 DI 10.1080/01431161.2015.1060646 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CN8UJ UT WOS:000358719600008 ER PT S AU Armano, M Audley, H Auger, G Baird, J Binetruy, P Born, M Bortoluzzi, D Brandt, N Bursi, A Caleno, M Cavalleri, A Cesarini, A Cruise, M Danzmann, K Diepholz, I Dolesi, R Dunbar, N Ferraioli, L Ferroni, V Fitzsimons, E Freschi, M Gallegos, J Marirrodriga, CG Gerndt, R Gesa, LI Gibert, F Giardini, D Giusteri, R Grimani, C Harrison, I Heinzel, G Hewitson, M Hollington, D Hueller, M Huesler, J Inchauspe, H Jennrich, O Jetzer, P Johlander, B Karnesis, N Kaune, B Korsakova, N Killow, C Lloro, I Maarschalkerweerd, R Madden, S Mance, D Martin, V Martin-Porqueras, F Mateos, I McNamara, P Mendes, J Mendes, L Moroni, A Nofrarias, M Paczkowski, S Perreur-Lloyd, M Petiteau, A Pivato, P Plagnol, E Prat, P Ragnit, U Ramos-Castro, J Reiche, J Perez, JAR Robertson, D Rozemeijer, H Russano, G Sarra, P Schleicher, A Slutsky, J Sopuerta, CF Sumner, T Texier, D Thorpe, J Trenkel, C Tu, HB Vetrugno, D Vitale, S Wanner, G Ward, H Waschke, S Wass, P Wealthy, D Wen, S Weber, W Wittchen, A Zanoni, C Ziegler, T Zweifel, P AF Armano, M. Audley, H. Auger, G. Baird, J. Binetruy, P. Born, M. Bortoluzzi, D. Brandt, N. Bursi, A. Caleno, M. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. Cruise, M. Danzmann, K. Diepholz, I. Dolesi, R. Dunbar, N. Ferraioli, L. Ferroni, V. Fitzsimons, E. Freschi, M. Gallegos, J. Marirrodriga, C. Garcia Gerndt, R. Gesa, L. I. Gibert, F. Giardini, D. Giusteri, R. Grimani, C. Harrison, I. Heinzel, G. Hewitson, M. Hollington, D. Hueller, M. Huesler, J. Inchauspe, H. Jennrich, O. Jetzer, P. Johlander, B. Karnesis, N. Kaune, B. Korsakova, N. Killow, C. Lloro, I. Maarschalkerweerd, R. Madden, S. Mance, D. Martin, V. Martin-Porqueras, F. Mateos, I. McNamara, P. Mendes, J. Mendes, L. Moroni, A. Nofrarias, M. Paczkowski, S. Perreur-Lloyd, M. Petiteau, A. Pivato, P. Plagnol, E. Prat, P. Ragnit, U. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, J. Perez, J. A. Romera Robertson, D. Rozemeijer, H. Russano, G. Sarra, P. Schleicher, A. Slutsky, J. Sopuerta, C. F. Sumner, T. Texier, D. Thorpe, J. Trenkel, C. Tu, H. B. Vetrugno, D. Vitale, S. Wanner, G. Ward, H. Waschke, S. Wass, P. Wealthy, D. Wen, S. Weber, W. Wittchen, A. Zanoni, C. Ziegler, T. Zweifel, P. GP IOP TI A noise simulator for eLISA: Migrating LISA Pathfinder knowledge to the eLISA mission SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL LISA SYMPOSIUM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International LISA Symposium CY MAY 18-23, 2014 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Inst High Energy Phys & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Off Sponsored Res HO Univ Florida AB We present a new technical simulator for the eLISA mission, based on state space modeling techniques and developed in MATLAB. This simulator computes the coordinate and velocity over time of each body involved in the constellation, i.e. the spacecraft and its test masses, taking into account the different disturbances and actuations. This allows studying the contribution of instrumental noises and system imperfections on the residual acceleration applied on the TMs, the latter reflecting the performance of the achieved free-fall along the sensitive axis. A preliminary version of the results is presented. C1 [Armano, M.; Freschi, M.; Gallegos, J.; Martin-Porqueras, F.; Mendes, L.; Texier, D.] European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28692, Spain. [Audley, H.; Born, M.; Danzmann, K.; Diepholz, I.; Heinzel, G.; Hewitson, M.; Kaune, B.; Korsakova, N.; Paczkowski, S.; Reiche, J.; Wanner, G.; Wittchen, A.] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Audley, H.; Born, M.; Danzmann, K.; Diepholz, I.; Heinzel, G.; Hewitson, M.; Kaune, B.; Korsakova, N.; Paczkowski, S.; Reiche, J.; Wanner, G.; Wittchen, A.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Auger, G.; Binetruy, P.; Inchauspe, H.; Petiteau, A.; Plagnol, E.; Prat, P.] Univ Paris Diderot, APC UMR7164, Paris, France. [Bortoluzzi, D.; Zanoni, C.] Univ Trento, Dept Ind Engn, Trento 38123, Italy. [Bortoluzzi, D.; Zanoni, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat, Trento, Italy. [Brandt, N.; Fitzsimons, E.; Gerndt, R.; Schleicher, A.; Ziegler, T.] Airbus Def & Space, D-88090 Immenstaad, Germany. [Caleno, M.; Marirrodriga, C. Garcia; Huesler, J.; Johlander, B.; Madden, S.; Ragnit, U.; Perez, J. A. Romera; Rozemeijer, H.] European Space Agcy, European Space Technol Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Cavalleri, A.; Cesarini, A.; Dolesi, R.; Ferroni, V.; Giusteri, R.; Hueller, M.; Pivato, P.; Russano, G.; Tu, H. B.; Vetrugno, D.; Vitale, S.; Wen, S.; Weber, W.] Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Cavalleri, A.; Cesarini, A.; Dolesi, R.; Ferroni, V.; Giusteri, R.; Hueller, M.; Pivato, P.; Russano, G.; Tu, H. B.; Vetrugno, D.; Vitale, S.; Wen, S.; Weber, W.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Cruise, M.] Univ Birmingham, Dept Phys & Astron, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Dunbar, N.; Trenkel, C.; Wealthy, D.] Airbus Def & Space, Stevenage SG1 2AS, Herts, England. [Ferraioli, L.; Giardini, D.; Mance, D.; Zweifel, P.] ETH, Inst Geophys, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Gesa, L. I.; Gibert, F.; Karnesis, N.; Lloro, I.; Martin, V.; Mateos, I.; Nofrarias, M.; Sopuerta, C. F.] CSIC, Fac Ciencies, Inst Ciencies Espai, IEEC, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. [Grimani, C.] Univ Urbino, Ist Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-61029 Urbino, PU, Italy. [Harrison, I.; Maarschalkerweerd, R.; Mendes, J.] European Space Agcy, European Space Operat Ctr, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany. [Baird, J.; Hollington, D.; Sumner, T.; Waschke, S.; Wass, P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Jetzer, P.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Killow, C.; Perreur-Lloyd, M.; Robertson, D.; Ward, H.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, Inst Gravitat Res, SUPA, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Ramos-Castro, J.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Elect Engn, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Ramos-Castro, J.] Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Slutsky, J.; Thorpe, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bursi, A.; Moroni, A.; Sarra, P.] CGS SpA, Co Gen Spazio, I-20151 Milan, Italy. RP Armano, M (reprint author), European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28692, Spain. EM henri.inchauspe@apc.univ-paris7.fr RI Vitale, Stefano/C-2312-2012; Pivato, Paolo/K-6641-2015; Weber, William/H-4351-2012; Lloro, Ivan/F-1509-2016; Nofrarias, Miquel/N-6249-2015; Wass, Peter/C-5767-2017; cavalleri, antonella/D-3678-2015; OI F. Sopuerta, Carlos/0000-0002-1779-4447; Vitale, Stefano/0000-0002-2427-8918; Pivato, Paolo/0000-0003-2691-5236; Weber, William/0000-0003-1536-2410; Lloro, Ivan/0000-0001-5966-1434; Nofrarias, Miquel/0000-0003-1518-2196; Wass, Peter/0000-0002-2945-399X; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; cavalleri, antonella/0000-0003-0461-0968; Zanoni, Carlo/0000-0002-5767-9064 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 610 AR 012036 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/610/1/012036 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD1MF UT WOS:000358149000036 ER PT S AU Armano, M Audley, H Auger, G Baird, J Binetruy, P Born, M Bortoluzzi, D Brandt, N Bursi, A Caleno, M Cavalleri, A Cesarini, A Cruise, M Danzmann, K Diepholz, I Dolesi, R Dunbar, N Ferraioli, L Ferroni, V Fitzsimons, E Freschi, M Gallegos, J Marirrodriga, CG Gerndt, R Gesa, LI Gibert, F Giardini, D Giusteri, R Grimani, C Harrison, I Heinzel, G Hewitson, M Hollington, D Hueller, M Huesler, J Inchauspe, H Jennrich, O Jetzer, P Johlander, B Karnesis, N Kaune, B Korsakova, N Killow, C Lloro, I Maarschalkerweerd, R Madden, S Mance, D Martin, V Martin-Porqueras, F Mateos, I McNamara, P Mendes, J Mendes, L Moroni, A Nofrarias, M Paczkowski, S Perreur-Lloyd, M Petiteau, A Pivato, P Plagnol, E Prat, P Ragnit, U Ramos-Castro, J Reiche, J Perez, JAR Robertson, D Rozemeijer, H Russano, G Sarra, P Schleicher, A Slutsky, J Sopuerta, CF Sumner, T Texier, D Thorpe, J Trenkel, C Tu, HB Vitale, S Wanner, G Ward, H Waschke, S Wass, P Wealthy, D Wen, S Weber, W Wittchen, A Zanoni, C Ziegler, T Zweifel, P AF Armano, M. Audley, H. Auger, G. Baird, J. Binetruy, P. Born, M. Bortoluzzi, D. Brandt, N. Bursi, A. Caleno, M. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. Cruise, M. Danzmann, K. Diepholz, I. Dolesi, R. Dunbar, N. Ferraioli, L. Ferroni, V. Fitzsimons, E. Freschi, M. Gallegos, J. Marirrodriga, C. Garcia Gerndt, R. Gesa, L. I. Gibert, F. Giardini, D. Giusteri, R. Grimani, C. Harrison, I. Heinzel, G. Hewitson, M. Hollington, D. Hueller, M. Huesler, J. Inchauspe, H. Jennrich, O. Jetzer, P. Johlander, B. Karnesis, N. Kaune, B. Korsakova, N. Killow, C. Lloro, I. Maarschalkerweerd, R. Madden, S. Mance, D. Martin, V. Martin-Porqueras, F. Mateos, I. McNamara, P. Mendes, J. Mendes, L. Moroni, A. Nofrarias, M. Paczkowski, S. Perreur-Lloyd, M. Petiteau, A. Pivato, P. Plagnol, E. Prat, P. Ragnit, U. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, J. Perez, J. A. Romera Robertson, D. Rozemeijer, H. Russano, G. Sarra, P. Schleicher, A. Slutsky, J. Sopuerta, C. F. Sumner, T. Texier, D. Thorpe, J. Trenkel, C. Tu, H. B. Vitale, S. Wanner, G. Ward, H. Waschke, S. Wass, P. Wealthy, D. Wen, S. Weber, W. Wittchen, A. Zanoni, C. Ziegler, T. Zweifel, P. GP IOP TI Disentangling the magnetic force noise contribution in LISA Pathfinder SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL LISA SYMPOSIUM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International LISA Symposium CY MAY 18-23, 2014 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Inst High Energy Phys & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Off Sponsored Res HO Univ Florida AB Magnetically-induced forces on the inertial masses on-board LISA Path finder are expected to be one of the dominant contributions to the mission noise budget, accounting for up to 40%. The origin of this disturbance is the coupling of the residual magnetization and susceptibility of the test masses with the environmental magnetic field. In order to fully understand this important part of the noise model, a set of coils and magnetometers are integrated as a part of the diagnostics subsystem. During operations a sequence of magnetic excitations will be applied to precisely determine the coupling of the magnetic environment to the test mass displacement using the on-board magnetometers. Since no direct measurement of the magnetic field in the test mass position will be available, an extrapolation of the magnetic measurements to the test mass position will be carried out as a part of the data analysis activities. In this paper we show the first results on the magnetic experiments during an end-to-end LISA Path finder simulation, and we describe the methods under development to map the magnetic field on-board. C1 [Armano, M.; Freschi, M.; Gallegos, J.; Martin-Porqueras, F.; Mendes, L.; Texier, D.] European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28692, Spain. [Audley, H.; Born, M.; Danzmann, K.; Diepholz, I.; Heinzel, G.; Hewitson, M.; Kaune, B.; Korsakova, N.; Paczkowski, S.; Reiche, J.; Wanner, G.; Wittchen, A.] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Audley, H.; Born, M.; Danzmann, K.; Diepholz, I.; Heinzel, G.; Hewitson, M.; Kaune, B.; Korsakova, N.; Paczkowski, S.; Reiche, J.; Wanner, G.; Wittchen, A.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Auger, G.; Binetruy, P.; Inchauspe, H.; Petiteau, A.; Plagnol, E.; Prat, P.] Univ Paris Diderot, APC UMR7164, Paris, France. [Bortoluzzi, D.; Zanoni, C.] Univ Trento, Dept Ind Engn, I-38123 Trento, Italy. [Bortoluzzi, D.; Cavalleri, A.; Cesarini, A.; Dolesi, R.; Ferroni, V.; Giusteri, R.; Pivato, P.; Russano, G.; Tu, H. B.; Vitale, S.; Wen, S.; Weber, W.; Zanoni, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Brandt, N.; Fitzsimons, E.; Gerndt, R.; Schleicher, A.; Ziegler, T.] Airbus Def & Space, D-88090 Immenstaad, Germany. [Caleno, M.; Marirrodriga, C. Garcia; Huesler, J.; Jennrich, O.; Johlander, B.; Madden, S.; McNamara, P.; Ragnit, U.; Perez, J. A. Romera; Rozemeijer, H.] European Space Agcy, European Space Technol Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Cavalleri, A.; Cesarini, A.; Dolesi, R.; Ferroni, V.; Giusteri, R.; Hueller, M.; Pivato, P.; Russano, G.; Tu, H. B.; Vitale, S.; Wen, S.; Weber, W.] Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Cruise, M.] Univ Birmingham, Dept Phys & Astron, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Dunbar, N.; Trenkel, C.; Wealthy, D.] Airbus Def & Space, Stevenage SG1 2AS, Herts, England. [Ferraioli, L.; Giardini, D.; Mance, D.; Zweifel, P.] ETH, Inst Geophys, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Gesa, L. I.; Gibert, F.; Karnesis, N.; Lloro, I.; Martin, V.; Mateos, I.; Nofrarias, M.; Sopuerta, C. F.] Fac Ciencies, CSIC IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. [Grimani, C.] Univ Urbino, Ist Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-61029 Urbino, PU, Italy. [Harrison, I.; Maarschalkerweerd, R.; Mendes, J.; Sumner, T.] European Space Agcy, European Space Operat Ctr, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany. [Baird, J.; Hollington, D.; Waschke, S.; Wass, P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Jetzer, P.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Killow, C.; Perreur-Lloyd, M.] Univ Glasgow, Inst Gravitat Res, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Ramos-Castro, J.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Elect Engn, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Ramos-Castro, J.] IEEC, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Slutsky, J.; Thorpe, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bursi, A.; Moroni, A.; Sarra, P.] CGS SpA, Co Gen Spazio, I-20151 Milan, Italy. RP Armano, M (reprint author), European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28692, Spain. EM nofrarias@ice.cat RI Vitale, Stefano/C-2312-2012; Pivato, Paolo/K-6641-2015; Weber, William/H-4351-2012; Nofrarias, Miquel/N-6249-2015; Lloro, Ivan/F-1509-2016; Wass, Peter/C-5767-2017; cavalleri, antonella/D-3678-2015; OI F. Sopuerta, Carlos/0000-0002-1779-4447; Zanoni, Carlo/0000-0002-5767-9064; Vitale, Stefano/0000-0002-2427-8918; Pivato, Paolo/0000-0003-2691-5236; Weber, William/0000-0003-1536-2410; Nofrarias, Miquel/0000-0003-1518-2196; Lloro, Ivan/0000-0001-5966-1434; Wass, Peter/0000-0002-2945-399X; cavalleri, antonella/0000-0003-0461-0968; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 610 AR 012024 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/610/1/012024 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD1MF UT WOS:000358149000024 ER PT S AU Armano, M Audley, H Auger, G Baird, J Binetruy, P Born, M Bortoluzzi, D Brandt, N Bursi, A Caleno, M Cavalleri, A Cesarini, A Cruise, M Danzmann, K Diepholz, I Dolesi, R Dunbar, N Ferraioli, L Ferroni, V Fitzsimons, E Freschi, M Gallegos, J Marirrodriga, CG Gerndt, R Gesa, LI Gibert, F Giardini, D Giusteri, R Grimani, C Harrison, I Heinzel, G Hewitson, M Hollington, D Hueller, M Huesler, J Inchauspe, H Jennrich, O Jetzer, P Johlander, B Karnesis, N Kaune, B Korsakova, N Killow, C Lloro, I Maarschalkerweerd, R Madden, S Mance, D Martin, V Martin-Porqueras, F Mateos, I McNamara, P Mendes, J Mendes, L Moroni, A Nofrarias, M Paczkowski, S Perreur-Lloyd, M Petiteau, A Pivato, P Plagnol, E Prat, P Ragnit, U Ramos-Castro, J Reiche, J Perez, JAR Robertson, D Rozemeijer, H Russano, G Sarra, P Schleicher, A Slutsky, J Sopuerta, CF Sumner, T Texier, D Thorpe, J Trenkel, C Tu, HB Vetrugno, D Vitale, S Wanner, G Ward, H Waschke, S Wass, P Wealthy, D Wen, S Weber, W Wittchen, A Zanoni, C Ziegler, T Zweifel, P AF Armano, M. Audley, H. Auger, G. Baird, J. Binetruy, P. Born, M. Bortoluzzi, D. Brandt, N. Bursi, A. Caleno, M. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. Cruise, M. Danzmann, K. Diepholz, I. Dolesi, R. Dunbar, N. Ferraioli, L. Ferroni, V. Fitzsimons, E. Freschi, M. Gallegos, J. Marirrodriga, C. Garcia Gerndt, R. Gesa, L. I. Gibert, F. Giardini, D. Giusteri, R. Grimani, C. Harrison, I. Heinzel, G. Hewitson, M. Hollington, D. Hueller, M. Huesler, J. Inchauspe, H. Jennrich, O. Jetzer, P. Johlander, B. Karnesis, N. Kaune, B. Korsakova, N. Killow, C. Lloro, I. Maarschalkerweerd, R. Madden, S. Mance, D. Martin, V. Martin-Porqueras, F. Mateos, I. McNamara, P. Mendes, J. Mendes, L. Moroni, A. Nofrarias, M. Paczkowski, S. Perreur-Lloyd, M. Petiteau, A. Pivato, P. Plagnol, E. Prat, P. Ragnit, U. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, J. Perez, J. A. Romera Robertson, D. Rozemeijer, H. Russano, G. Sarra, P. Schleicher, A. Slutsky, J. Sopuerta, C. F. Sumner, T. Texier, D. Thorpe, J. Trenkel, C. Tu, H. B. Vetrugno, D. Vitale, S. Wanner, G. Ward, H. Waschke, S. Wass, P. Wealthy, D. Wen, S. Weber, W. Wittchen, A. Zanoni, C. Ziegler, T. Zweifel, P. GP IOP TI The LISA Pathfinder Mission SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL LISA SYMPOSIUM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International LISA Symposium CY MAY 18-23, 2014 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Inst High Energy Phys & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Off Sponsored Res HO Univ Florida AB LISA Path finder (LPF), the second of the European Space Agency's Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology (SMART), is a dedicated technology validation mission for future spaceborne gravitational wave detectors, such as the proposed eLISA mission. LISA Pathfinder, and its scientific payload - the LISA Technology Package - will test, in flight, the critical technologies required for low frequency gravitational wave detection: it will put two test masses in a near-perfect gravitational free-fall and control and measure their motion with unprecedented accuracy. This is achieved through technology comprising inertial sensors, high precision laser metrology, drag-free control and an ultra-precise micro-Newton propulsion system. LISA Path finder is due to be launched in mid-2015, with first results on the performance of the system being available 6 months thereafter. The paper introduces the LISA Path finder mission, followed by an explanation of the physical principles of measurement concept and associated hardware. We then provide a detailed discussion of the LISA Technology Package, including both the inertial sensor and interferometric readout. As we approach the launch of the LISA Path finder, the focus of the development is shifting towards the science operations and data analysis - this is described in the final section of the paper C1 [Armano, M.; Freschi, M.; Gallegos, J.; Martin-Porqueras, F.; Mendes, L.; Texier, D.] European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28692, Spain. [Audley, H.; Born, M.; Danzmann, K.; Diepholz, I.; Heinzel, G.; Hewitson, M.; Kaune, B.; Korsakova, N.; Paczkowski, S.; Reiche, J.; Wanner, G.; Wittchen, A.] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Auger, G.; Binetruy, P.; Inchauspe, H.; Petiteau, A.; Plagnol, E.; Prat, P.] Univ Paris Diderot, APC UMR7164, Paris, France. [Bortoluzzi, D.; Zanoni, C.] Univ Trento, Dept Ind Engn, I-38123 Trento, Italy. [Bortoluzzi, D.; Zanoni, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat, Trento, Italy. [Brandt, N.; Fitzsimons, E.; Gerndt, R.; Schleicher, A.; Ziegler, T.] Airbus Def & Space, D-88090 Immenstaad, Germany. [Caleno, M.; Marirrodriga, C. Garcia; Huesler, J.; Jennrich, O.; Johlander, B.; Madden, S.; McNamara, P.; Ragnit, U.; Perez, J. A. Romera; Rozemeijer, H.] European Space Agcy, European Space Technol Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Cavalleri, A.; Cesarini, A.; Dolesi, R.; Ferroni, V.; Giusteri, R.; Hueller, M.; Pivato, P.; Russano, G.; Tu, H. B.; Vetrugno, D.; Vitale, S.; Wen, S.; Weber, W.] Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Cavalleri, A.; Cesarini, A.; Dolesi, R.; Ferroni, V.; Giusteri, R.; Hueller, M.; Pivato, P.; Russano, G.; Tu, H. B.; Vetrugno, D.; Vitale, S.; Wen, S.; Weber, W.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Cruise, M.] Univ Birmingham, Dept Phys & Astron, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Dunbar, N.; Trenkel, C.; Wealthy, D.] Airbus Def & Space, Stevenage SG1 2AS, Herts, England. [Ferraioli, L.; Giardini, D.; Mance, D.; Zweifel, P.] ETH, Inst Geophys, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Gesa, L. I.; Gibert, F.; Karnesis, N.; Lloro, I.; Martin, V.; Mateos, I.; Nofrarias, M.; Sopuerta, C. F.] Fac Ciencies, Inst Ciencies Espai CSIC IEEC, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. [Grimani, C.] Univ Urbino, Ist Fis, INFN Urbino PU, I-61029 Urbino, Italy. [Harrison, I.; Maarschalkerweerd, R.; Mendes, J.] European Space Agcy, European Space Operat Ctr, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany. [Baird, J.; Hollington, D.; Sumner, T.; Waschke, S.; Wass, P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Jetzer, P.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Killow, C.; Perreur-Lloyd, M.; Robertson, D.; Ward, H.] Univ Glasgow, SUPA, Inst Gravitat Res, Sch Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Ramos-Castro, J.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Elect Engn, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Ramos-Castro, J.] Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Slutsky, J.; Thorpe, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bursi, A.; Moroni, A.; Sarra, P.] CGS SpA, Compagnia Gen Spazio, I-20151 Milan, Italy. RP Armano, M (reprint author), European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28692, Spain. EM paul.mcnamara@esa.int RI cavalleri, antonella/D-3678-2015; Vitale, Stefano/C-2312-2012; Pivato, Paolo/K-6641-2015; Weber, William/H-4351-2012; Nofrarias, Miquel/N-6249-2015; Lloro, Ivan/F-1509-2016; Wass, Peter/C-5767-2017; OI cavalleri, antonella/0000-0003-0461-0968; Zanoni, Carlo/0000-0002-5767-9064; Vitale, Stefano/0000-0002-2427-8918; Pivato, Paolo/0000-0003-2691-5236; Weber, William/0000-0003-1536-2410; Nofrarias, Miquel/0000-0003-1518-2196; Lloro, Ivan/0000-0001-5966-1434; Wass, Peter/0000-0002-2945-399X; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 610 AR 012005 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/610/1/012005 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD1MF UT WOS:000358149000005 ER PT S AU Armano, M Audley, H Auger, G Baird, J Binetruy, P Born, M Bortoluzzi, D Brandt, N Bursi, A Caleno, M Cavalleri, A Cesarini, A Cruise, M Cutler, C Danzmann, K Diepholz, I Dolesi, R Dunbar, N Ferraioli, L Ferroni, V Fitzsimons, E Freschi, M Gallegos, J Marirrodriga, CG Gerndt, R Gesa, LI Gibert, F Giardini, D Giusteri, R Grimani, C Harrison, I Heinzel, G Hewitson, M Hollington, D Hueller, M Huesler, J Inchauspe, H Jennrich, O Jetzer, P Johlander, B Karnesis, N Kaune, B Korsakova, N Killow, C Lloro, I Maarschalkerweerd, R Madden, S Maghami, P Mance, D Martin, V Martin-Porqueras, F Mateos, I McNamara, P Mendes, J Mendes, L Moroni, A Nofrarias, M Paczkowski, S Perreur-Lloyd, M Petiteau, A Pivato, P Plagnol, E Prat, P Ragnit, U Ramos-Castro, J Reiche, J Perez, JAR Robertson, D Rozemeijer, H Russano, G Sarra, P Schleicher, A Slutsky, J Sopuerta, CF Sumner, T Texier, D Thorpe, J Trenkel, C Tu, HB Vetrugno, D Vitale, S Wanner, G Ward, H Waschke, S Wass, P Wealthy, D Wen, S Weber, W Wittchen, A Zanoni, C Ziegler, T Zweifel, P AF Armano, M. Audley, H. Auger, G. Baird, J. Binetruy, P. Born, M. Bortoluzzi, D. Brandt, N. Bursi, A. Caleno, M. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. Cruise, M. Cutler, C. Danzmann, K. Diepholz, I. Dolesi, R. Dunbar, N. Ferraioli, L. Ferroni, V. Fitzsimons, E. Freschi, M. Gallegos, J. Marirrodriga, C. Garcia Gerndt, R. Gesa, L. I. Gibert, F. Giardini, D. Giusteri, R. Grimani, C. Harrison, I. Heinzel, G. Hewitson, M. Hollington, D. Hueller, M. Huesler, J. Inchauspe, H. Jennrich, O. Jetzer, P. Johlander, B. Karnesis, N. Kaune, B. Korsakova, N. Killow, C. Lloro, I. Maarschalkerweerd, R. Madden, S. Maghami, P. Mance, D. Martin, V. Martin-Porqueras, F. Mateos, I. McNamara, P. Mendes, J. Mendes, L. Moroni, A. Nofrarias, M. Paczkowski, S. Perreur-Lloyd, M. Petiteau, A. Pivato, P. Plagnol, E. Prat, P. Ragnit, U. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, J. Perez, J. A. Romera Robertson, D. Rozemeijer, H. Russano, G. Sarra, P. Schleicher, A. Slutsky, J. Sopuerta, C. F. Sumner, T. Texier, D. Thorpe, J. Trenkel, C. Tu, H. B. Vetrugno, D. Vitale, S. Wanner, G. Ward, H. Waschke, S. Wass, P. Wealthy, D. Wen, S. Weber, W. Wittchen, A. Zanoni, C. Ziegler, T. Zweifel, P. GP IOP TI Free-flight experiments in LISA Pathfinder SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL LISA SYMPOSIUM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International LISA Symposium CY MAY 18-23, 2014 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Inst High Energy Phys & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Off Sponsored Res HO Univ Florida ID SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; SPACED DATA; REALIZATIONS; ALGORITHM AB The LISA Path finder mission will demonstrate the technology of drag-free test masses for use as inertial references in future space-based gravitational wave detectors. To accomplish this, the Path finder spacecraft will perform drag-free flight about a test mass while measuring the acceleration of this primary test mass relative to a second reference test mass. Because the reference test mass is contained within the same spacecraft, it is necessary to apply forces on it to maintain its position and attitude relative to the spacecraft. These forces are a potential source of acceleration noise in the LISA Path finder system that are not present in the full LISA con figuration. While LISA Path finder has been designed to meet it's primary mission requirements in the presence of this noise, recent estimates suggest that the on-orbit performance may be limited by this 'suspension noise'. The drift-mode or free-flight experiments provide an opportunity to mitigate this noise source and further characterize the underlying disturbances that are of interest to the designers of LISA-like instruments. This article provides a high-level overview of these experiments and the methods under development to analyze the resulting data. C1 [Armano, M.; Freschi, M.; Gallegos, J.; Martin-Porqueras, F.; Mendes, L.; Texier, D.] European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28692, Spain. [Audley, H.; Born, M.; Danzmann, K.; Diepholz, I.; Heinzel, G.; Hewitson, M.; Kaune, B.; Korsakova, N.; Paczkowski, S.; Reiche, J.; Wanner, G.; Wittchen, A.] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Audley, H.; Born, M.; Danzmann, K.; Diepholz, I.; Heinzel, G.; Hewitson, M.; Kaune, B.; Korsakova, N.; Paczkowski, S.; Reiche, J.; Wanner, G.; Wittchen, A.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Auger, G.; Binetruy, P.; Inchauspe, H.; Petiteau, A.; Plagnol, E.; Prat, P.] Univ Paris Diderot, APC UMR7164, Paris, France. [Bortoluzzi, D.; Zanoni, C.] Univ Trento, Dept Ind Engn, I-38123 Trento, Italy. [Bortoluzzi, D.; Zanoni, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat, Trento, Italy. [Brandt, N.; Fitzsimons, E.; Gerndt, R.; Schleicher, A.; Ziegler, T.] Airbus Def & Space, D-88090 Immenstaad, Germany. [Caleno, M.; Huesler, J.; Jennrich, O.; Johlander, B.; Madden, S.; McNamara, P.; Ragnit, U.; Perez, J. A. Romera; Rozemeijer, H.] European Space Agcy, European Space Technol Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Cavalleri, A.; Cesarini, A.; Dolesi, R.; Ferroni, V.; Giusteri, R.; Hueller, M.; Pivato, P.; Russano, G.; Tu, H. B.; Vetrugno, D.; Vitale, S.; Wen, S.; Weber, W.] Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Cavalleri, A.; Cesarini, A.; Dolesi, R.; Ferroni, V.; Giusteri, R.; Hueller, M.; Pivato, P.; Russano, G.; Tu, H. B.; Vetrugno, D.; Vitale, S.; Wen, S.; Weber, W.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Cruise, M.] Univ Birmingham, Dept Phys & Astron, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Dunbar, N.; Trenkel, C.; Wealthy, D.] Airbus Def & Space, Stevenage SG1 2AS, Herts, England. [Ferraioli, L.; Marirrodriga, C. Garcia; Giardini, D.; Mance, D.; Zweifel, P.] ETH, Inst Geophys, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Gesa, L. I.; Gibert, F.; Karnesis, N.; Lloro, I.; Martin, V.; Mateos, I.; Nofrarias, M.; Sopuerta, C. F.] Fac Ciencies, Inst Ciencie Espai CSIC IEEC, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. [Grimani, C.] Univ Urbino, Inst Fis, INFN Urbino PU, I-61029 Urbino, Italy. [Harrison, I.; Maarschalkerweerd, R.; Mendes, J.] European Space Agcy, European Space Operat Ctr, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany. [Baird, J.; Hollington, D.; Sumner, T.; Waschke, S.; Wass, P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Jetzer, P.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Killow, C.; Perreur-Lloyd, M.; Robertson, D.; Ward, H.] Univ Glasgow, Inst Gravitat Res, SUPA, Sch Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Ramos-Castro, J.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Elect Engn, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Ramos-Castro, J.] Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Maghami, P.; Slutsky, J.; Thorpe, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bursi, A.; Moroni, A.; Sarra, P.] CGS SpA, Compagnia Gen Spazio, I-20151 Milan, Italy. [Bursi, A.; Moroni, A.; Sarra, P.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Armano, M (reprint author), European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28692, Spain. EM james.i.thorpe@nasa.gov RI cavalleri, antonella/D-3678-2015; Vitale, Stefano/C-2312-2012; Pivato, Paolo/K-6641-2015; Weber, William/H-4351-2012; Lloro, Ivan/F-1509-2016; Nofrarias, Miquel/N-6249-2015; Wass, Peter/C-5767-2017; OI cavalleri, antonella/0000-0003-0461-0968; Zanoni, Carlo/0000-0002-5767-9064; Vitale, Stefano/0000-0002-2427-8918; Pivato, Paolo/0000-0003-2691-5236; Weber, William/0000-0003-1536-2410; Lloro, Ivan/0000-0001-5966-1434; Nofrarias, Miquel/0000-0003-1518-2196; Wass, Peter/0000-0002-2945-399X; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; F. Sopuerta, Carlos/0000-0002-1779-4447 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 610 AR 012006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/610/1/012006 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD1MF UT WOS:000358149000006 ER PT S AU Armano, M Audley, H Auger, G Baird, J Binetruy, P Born, M Bortoluzzi, D Brandt, N Bursi, A Caleno, M Cavalleri, A Cesarini, A Cruise, M Danzmann, K Diepholz, I Dolesi, R Dunbar, N Ferraioli, L Ferroni, V Fitzsimons, E Freschi, M Gallegos, J Marirrodriga, CG Gerndt, R Gesa, LI Gibert, F Giardini, D Giusteri, R Grimani, C Harrison, I Heinzel, G Hewitson, M Hollington, D Hueller, M Huesler, J Inchauspe, H Jennrich, O Jetzer, P Johlander, B Karnesis, N Kaune, B Korsakova, N Killow, C Lloro, I Maarschalkerweerd, R Madden, S Mance, D Martin, V Martin-Porqueras, F Mateos, I McNamara, P Mendes, J Mendes, L Moroni, A Nofrarias, M Paczkowski, S Perreur-Lloyd, M Petiteau, A Pivato, P Plagnol, E Prat, P Ragnit, U Ramos-Castro, J Reiche, J Perez, JAR Robertson, D Rozemeijer, H Russano, G Sarra, P Schleicher, A Slutsky, J Sopuerta, CF Sumner, T Texier, D Thorpe, J Trenkel, C Tu, HB Vitale, S Wanner, G Ward, H Waschke, S Wass, P Wealthy, D Wen, S Weber, W Wittchen, A Zanoni, C Ziegler, T Zweifel, P AF Armano, M. Audley, H. Auger, G. Baird, J. Binetruy, P. Born, M. Bortoluzzi, D. Brandt, N. Bursi, A. Caleno, M. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. Cruise, M. Danzmann, K. Diepholz, I. Dolesi, R. Dunbar, N. Ferraioli, L. Ferroni, V. Fitzsimons, E. Freschi, M. Gallegos, J. Marirrodriga, C. Garcia Gerndt, R. Gesa, L. I. Gibert, F. Giardini, D. Giusteri, R. Grimani, C. Harrison, I. Heinzel, G. Hewitson, M. Hollington, D. Hueller, M. Huesler, J. Inchauspe, H. Jennrich, O. Jetzer, P. Johlander, B. Karnesis, N. Kaune, B. Korsakova, N. Killow, C. Lloro, I. Maarschalkerweerd, R. Madden, S. Mance, D. Martin, V. Martin-Porqueras, F. Mateos, I. McNamara, P. Mendes, J. Mendes, L. Moroni, A. Nofrarias, M. Paczkowski, S. Perreur-Lloyd, M. Petiteau, A. Pivato, P. Plagnol, E. Prat, P. Ragnit, U. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, J. Perez, J. A. Romera Robertson, D. Rozemeijer, H. Russano, G. Sarra, P. Schleicher, A. Slutsky, J. Sopuerta, C. F. Sumner, T. Texier, D. Thorpe, J. Trenkel, C. Tu, H. B. Vitale, S. Wanner, G. Ward, H. Waschke, S. Wass, P. Wealthy, D. Wen, S. Weber, W. Wittchen, A. Zanoni, C. Ziegler, T. Zweifel, P. GP IOP TI A Strategy to Characterize the LISA-Pathfinder Cold Gas Thruster System SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL LISA SYMPOSIUM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International LISA Symposium CY MAY 18-23, 2014 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Inst High Energy Phys & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Off Sponsored Res HO Univ Florida AB The cold gas micro-propulsion system that will be used during the LISA-Pathfinder mission will be one of the most important component used to ensure the "free-fall" of the enclosed test masses. In this paper we present a possible strategy to characterize the effective direction and amplitude gain of each of the 6 thrusters of this system. C1 [Armano, M.; Freschi, M.; Gallegos, J.; Martin-Porqueras, F.; Mendes, L.; Texier, D.] European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28692, Spain. [Audley, H.; Born, M.; Danzmann, K.; Diepholz, I.; Heinzel, G.; Hewitson, M.; Kaune, B.; Korsakova, N.; Paczkowski, S.; Reiche, J.; Wanner, G.; Wittchen, A.] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Audley, H.; Born, M.; Danzmann, K.; Diepholz, I.; Heinzel, G.; Hewitson, M.; Kaune, B.; Korsakova, N.; Paczkowski, S.; Reiche, J.; Wanner, G.; Wittchen, A.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Auger, G.; Binetruy, P.; Inchauspe, H.; Petiteau, A.; Plagnol, E.; Prat, P.] Univ Paris Diderot, APC UMR7164, Paris, France. [Bortoluzzi, D.; Zanoni, C.] Univ Trento, Dept Ind Engn, I-38123 Trento, Italy. [Bortoluzzi, D.; Cavalleri, A.; Cesarini, A.; Dolesi, R.; Ferroni, V.; Giusteri, R.; Hueller, M.; Pivato, P.; Russano, G.; Tu, H. B.; Vitale, S.; Wen, S.; Weber, W.; Zanoni, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Brandt, N.; Fitzsimons, E.; Gerndt, R.; Schleicher, A.; Ziegler, T.] Airbus Def & Space, D-88090 Immenstaad, Germany. [Caleno, M.; Marirrodriga, C. Garcia; Huesler, J.; Jennrich, O.; Johlander, B.; Madden, S.; McNamara, P.; Ragnit, U.; Perez, J. A. Romera; Rozemeijer, H.] European Space Agcy, European Space Technol Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Cavalleri, A.; Cesarini, A.; Dolesi, R.; Ferroni, V.; Giusteri, R.; Hueller, M.; Pivato, P.; Russano, G.; Tu, H. B.; Vitale, S.; Wen, S.; Weber, W.] Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Cruise, M.] Univ Birmingham, Dept Phys & Astron, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Dunbar, N.; Trenkel, C.; Wealthy, D.] Airbus Def & Space, Stevenage SG1 2AS, Herts, England. [Ferraioli, L.; Giardini, D.; Mance, D.; Zweifel, P.] ETH, Inst Geophys, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Gesa, L. I.; Gibert, F.; Karnesis, N.; Lloro, I.; Martin, V.; Mateos, I.; Nofrarias, M.; Sopuerta, C. F.] Fac Ciencies, CSIC IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. [Grimani, C.] Univ Urbino, Ist Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-61029 Urbino, PU, Italy. [Harrison, I.; Maarschalkerweerd, R.; Mendes, J.] European Space Agcy, European Space Operat Ctr, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany. [Baird, J.; Hollington, D.; Sumner, T.; Waschke, S.; Wass, P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Jetzer, P.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Killow, C.; Perreur-Lloyd, M.; Robertson, D.; Ward, H.] Univ Glasgow, Inst Gravitat Res, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Ramos-Castro, J.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Elect Engn, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Ramos-Castro, J.] IEEC, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Slutsky, J.; Thorpe, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bursi, A.; Moroni, A.; Sarra, P.] CGS SpA, Co Gen Spazio, I-20151 Milan, Italy. RP Armano, M (reprint author), European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28692, Spain. EM eric.plagnol@apc.univ-paris7.fr RI Vitale, Stefano/C-2312-2012; Pivato, Paolo/K-6641-2015; Weber, William/H-4351-2012; Nofrarias, Miquel/N-6249-2015; Lloro, Ivan/F-1509-2016; Wass, Peter/C-5767-2017; cavalleri, antonella/D-3678-2015 OI F. Sopuerta, Carlos/0000-0002-1779-4447; Vitale, Stefano/0000-0002-2427-8918; Pivato, Paolo/0000-0003-2691-5236; Weber, William/0000-0003-1536-2410; Zanoni, Carlo/0000-0002-5767-9064; Nofrarias, Miquel/0000-0003-1518-2196; Lloro, Ivan/0000-0001-5966-1434; Wass, Peter/0000-0002-2945-399X; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; cavalleri, antonella/0000-0003-0461-0968 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 610 AR 012026 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/610/1/012026 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD1MF UT WOS:000358149000026 ER PT S AU Armano, M Audley, H Auger, G Binetruy, P Born, M Bortoluzzi, D Brandt, N Bursi, A Caleno, M Cavalleri, A Cesarini, A Cruise, M Danzmann, K Diepholz, I Dolesi, R Dunbar, N Ferraioli, L Ferroni, V Fitzsimons, E Freschi, M Marirrodriga, CG Gerndt, R Gesa, LI Gibert, F Giardini, D Giusteri, R Grimani, C Harrison, I Heinzel, G Hewitson, M Hollington, D Hueller, M Huesler, J Inchauspe, H Jennrich, O Jetzer, P Johlander, B Karnesis, N Kaune, B Korsakova, N Killow, C Lloro, I Maarschalkerweerd, R Madden, S Mance, D Martin, V Martin-Porqueras, F Mateos, I McNamara, P Mendes, J Mitchell, E Moroni, A Nofrarias, M Paczkowski, S Perreur-Lloyd, M Pivato, P Plagnol, E Prat, P Ragnit, U Ramos-Castro, J Reiche, J Perez, JAR Robertson, D Rozemeijer, H Russano, G Sarra, P Schleicher, A Slutsky, J Sopuerta, CF Sumner, T Texier, D Thorpe, J Trenkel, C Tu, HB Vitale, S Wanner, G Ward, H Waschke, S Wass, P Wealthy, D Wen, S Weber, W Wittchen, A Zanoni, C Ziegler, T Zweifel, P AF Armano, M. Audley, H. Auger, G. Binetruy, P. Born, M. Bortoluzzi, D. Brandt, N. Bursi, A. Caleno, M. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. Cruise, M. Danzmann, K. Diepholz, I. Dolesi, R. Dunbar, N. Ferraioli, L. Ferroni, V. Fitzsimons, E. Freschi, M. Marirrodriga, C. Garcia Gerndt, R. Gesa, L. I. Gibert, F. Giardini, D. Giusteri, R. Grimani, C. Harrison, I. Heinzel, G. Hewitson, M. Hollington, D. Hueller, M. Huesler, J. Inchauspe, H. Jennrich, O. Jetzer, P. Johlander, B. Karnesis, N. Kaune, B. Korsakova, N. Killow, C. Lloro, I. Maarschalkerweerd, R. Madden, S. Mance, D. Martin, V. Martin-Porqueras, F. Mateos, I. McNamara, P. Mendes, J. Mitchell, E. Moroni, A. Nofrarias, M. Paczkowski, S. Perreur-Lloyd, M. Pivato, P. Plagnol, E. Prat, P. Ragnit, U. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, J. Perez, J. A. Romera Robertson, D. Rozemeijer, H. Russano, G. Sarra, P. Schleicher, A. Slutsky, J. Sopuerta, C. F. Sumner, T. Texier, D. Thorpe, J. Trenkel, C. Tu, H. B. Vitale, S. Wanner, G. Ward, H. Waschke, S. Wass, P. Wealthy, D. Wen, S. Weber, W. Wittchen, A. Zanoni, C. Ziegler, T. Zweifel, P. GP IOP TI Bayesian statistics for the calibration of the LISA Pathfinder experiment SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL LISA SYMPOSIUM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International LISA Symposium CY MAY 18-23, 2014 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Inst High Energy Phys & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Off Sponsored Res HO Univ Florida AB The main goal of LISA Path finder (LPF) mission is to estimate the acceleration noise models of the overall LISA Technology Package (LTP) experiment on-board. This will be of crucial importance for the future space-based Gravitational-Wave (GW) detectors, like eLISA. Here, we present the Bayesian analysis framework to process the planned system identification experiments designed for that purpose. In particular, we focus on the analysis strategies to predict the accuracy of the parameters that describe the system in all degrees of freedom. The data sets were generated during the latest operational simulations organised by the data analysis team and this work is part of the LTPDA Matlab toolbox. C1 [Armano, M.; Freschi, M.; Martin-Porqueras, F.; Texier, D.] European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28692, Spain. [Audley, H.; Born, M.; Danzmann, K.; Diepholz, I.; Heinzel, G.; Hewitson, M.; Kaune, B.; Korsakova, N.; Paczkowski, S.; Reiche, J.; Wanner, G.; Wittchen, A.] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Audley, H.; Born, M.; Danzmann, K.; Diepholz, I.; Heinzel, G.; Hewitson, M.; Kaune, B.; Korsakova, N.; Paczkowski, S.; Reiche, J.; Wanner, G.; Wittchen, A.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Auger, G.; Binetruy, P.; Inchauspe, H.; Plagnol, E.; Prat, P.] Univ Paris Diderot, APC UMR7164, Paris, France. [Bortoluzzi, D.; Zanoni, C.] Univ Trento, Dept Ind Engn, I-38123 Trento, Italy. [Bortoluzzi, D.; Cavalleri, A.; Cesarini, A.; Dolesi, R.; Ferroni, V.; Giusteri, R.; Hueller, M.; Pivato, P.; Russano, G.; Tu, H. B.; Vitale, S.; Wen, S.; Weber, W.; Zanoni, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trento Inst Fundamental & Applicat, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Brandt, N.; Fitzsimons, E.; Gerndt, R.; Schleicher, A.; Ziegler, T.] Airbus Def & Space, D-88090 Immenstaad, Germany. [Caleno, M.; Marirrodriga, C. Garcia; Huesler, J.; Jennrich, O.; Johlander, B.; Madden, S.; McNamara, P.; Ragnit, U.; Perez, J. A. Romera; Rozemeijer, H.] European Space Agcy, European Space Technol Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Cavalleri, A.; Cesarini, A.; Dolesi, R.; Ferroni, V.; Giusteri, R.; Hueller, M.; Pivato, P.; Russano, G.; Tu, H. B.; Vitale, S.; Wen, S.; Weber, W.] Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Cruise, M.] Univ Birmingham, Dept Phys & Astron, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Dunbar, N.; Trenkel, C.; Wealthy, D.] Airbus Def & Space, Stevenage SG1 2AS, Herts, England. [Ferraioli, L.; Giardini, D.; Mance, D.; Zweifel, P.] ETH, Inst Geophys, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Gesa, L. I.; Gibert, F.; Karnesis, N.; Lloro, I.; Martin, V.; Mateos, I.; Nofrarias, M.; Sopuerta, C. F.] Fac Ciencies, ICE CSIC IEEC, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. [Grimani, C.] Univ Urbino, Ist Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-61029 Urbino, PU, Italy. [Harrison, I.; Maarschalkerweerd, R.; Mendes, J.] European Space Agcy, European Space Operat Ctr, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany. [Hollington, D.; Mitchell, E.; Sumner, T.; Waschke, S.; Wass, P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Jetzer, P.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Killow, C.; Perreur-Lloyd, M.; Robertson, D.; Ward, H.] Univ Glasgow, Inst Gravitat Res, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Ramos-Castro, J.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Engn Elect, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Slutsky, J.; Thorpe, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bursi, A.; Moroni, A.; Sarra, P.] CGS SpA, Co Gen Spazio, I-20151 Milan, Italy. RP Armano, M (reprint author), European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28692, Spain. EM karnesis@ieec.uab.es RI cavalleri, antonella/D-3678-2015; Vitale, Stefano/C-2312-2012; Pivato, Paolo/K-6641-2015; Weber, William/H-4351-2012; Nofrarias, Miquel/N-6249-2015; Lloro, Ivan/F-1509-2016; Wass, Peter/C-5767-2017; OI cavalleri, antonella/0000-0003-0461-0968; Zanoni, Carlo/0000-0002-5767-9064; Vitale, Stefano/0000-0002-2427-8918; Pivato, Paolo/0000-0003-2691-5236; Weber, William/0000-0003-1536-2410; Nofrarias, Miquel/0000-0003-1518-2196; Lloro, Ivan/0000-0001-5966-1434; Wass, Peter/0000-0002-2945-399X; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; F. Sopuerta, Carlos/0000-0002-1779-4447 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 610 AR 012027 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/610/1/012027 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD1MF UT WOS:000358149000027 ER PT S AU Camp, J Numata, K AF Camp, J. Numata, K. GP IOP TI Development of a US Gravitational Wave Laser System for LISA SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL LISA SYMPOSIUM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International LISA Symposium CY MAY 18-23, 2014 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Inst High Energy Phys & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Off Sponsored Res HO Univ Florida ID EXTERNAL-CAVITY LASER AB A highly stable and robust laser system is a key component of the space-based LISA mission architecture. We will describe our plans to demonstrate a TRL 5 LISA laser system at Goddard Space Flight Center by 2016. The laser system includes a low-noise oscillator followed by a power amplifier. The oscillator is a low-mass, compact external cavity laser, consisting of a semiconductor laser coupled to an optical cavity, built by the laser vendor Redfern Integrated Optics. The amplifier is a diode-pumped Yb fiber with 2 W output, built at Goddard. We show noise and reliability data for the full laser system, and describe our plans to reach TRL 5 by 2016. C1 [Camp, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Numata, K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, CRESST, College Pk, MD 20741 USA. RP Camp, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Jordan.B.Camp@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 610 AR 012033 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/610/1/012033 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD1MF UT WOS:000358149000033 ER PT S AU Gehrels, N Spergel, D AF Gehrels, N. Spergel, D. CA WFIRST SDT Project GP IOP TI Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST) Mission and Synergies with LISA and LIGO-Virgo SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL LISA SYMPOSIUM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International LISA Symposium CY MAY 18-23, 2014 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Inst High Energy Phys & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Off Sponsored Res HO Univ Florida AB The Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST) is a NASA space mission in study for launch in 2024. It has a 2.4 m telescope, wide-field IR instrument operating in the 0.7 - 2.0 micron range and an exoplanet imaging coronagraph instrument operating in the 400 - 1000 nm range. The observatory will perform galaxy surveys over thousands of square degrees to J=27 AB for dark energy weak lensing and baryon acoustic oscillation measurements and will monitor a few square degrees for dark energy SN Ia studies. It will perform microlensing observations of the galactic bulge for an exoplanet census and direct imaging observations of nearby exoplanets with a pathfinder coronagraph. The mission will have a robust and well-funded guest observer program for 25% of the observing time. WFIRST will be a powerful tool for time domain astronomy and for coordinated observations with gravitational wave experiments. Gravitational wave events produced by mergers of nearby binary neutron stars (LIGO-Virgo) or extragalactic supermassive black hole binaries (LISA) will produce electromagnetic radiation that WFIRST can observe. C1 [Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Spergel, D.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Gehrels, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM neil.gehrels@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 610 AR 012007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/610/1/012007 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD1MF UT WOS:000358149000007 ER PT S AU Gibert, F Nofrarias, M Armano, M Audley, H Auger, G Baird, J Binetruy, P Born, M Bortoluzzi, D Brandt, N Bursi, A Caleno, M Cavalleri, A Cesarini, A Cruise, M Danzmann, K Diepholz, I Dolesi, R Dunbar, N Ferraioli, L Ferroni, V Fitzsimons, E Freschi, M Gallegos, J Marirrodriga, CG Gerndt, R Gesa, LI Giardini, D Giusteri, R Grimani, C Harrison, I Heinzel, G Hewitson, M Hollington, D Hueller, M Huesler, J Inchauspe, H Jennrich, O Jetzer, P Johlander, B Karnesis, N Kaune, B Korsakova, N Killow, C Lloro, I Maarschalkerweerd, R Madden, S Maghami, P Mance, D Martin, V Martin-Porqueras, F Mateos, I McNamara, P Mendes, J Mendes, L Moroni, A Paczkowski, S Perreur-Lloyd, M Petiteau, A Pivato, P Plagnol, E Prat, P Ragnit, U Ramos-Castro, J Reiche, J Perez, JAR Robertson, D Rozemeijer, H Russano, G Sarra, P Schleicher, A Slutsky, J Sopuerta, CF Sumner, T Texier, D Thorpe, J Trenkel, C Tu, HB Vetrugno, D Vitale, S Wanner, G Ward, H Waschke, S Wass, P Wealthy, D Wen, S Weber, W Wittchen, A Zanoni, C Ziegler, T Zweifel, P AF Gibert, F. Nofrarias, M. Armano, M. Audley, H. Auger, G. Baird, J. Binetruy, P. Born, M. Bortoluzzi, D. Brandt, N. Bursi, A. Caleno, M. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. Cruise, M. Danzmann, K. Diepholz, I. Dolesi, R. Dunbar, N. Ferraioli, L. Ferroni, V. Fitzsimons, E. Freschi, M. Gallegos, J. Marirrodriga, C. Garcia Gerndt, R. Gesa, L. I. Giardini, D. Giusteri, R. Grimani, C. Harrison, I. Heinzel, G. Hewitson, M. Hollington, D. Hueller, M. Huesler, J. Inchauspe, H. Jennrich, O. Jetzer, P. Johlander, B. Karnesis, N. Kaune, B. Korsakova, N. Killow, C. Lloro, I. Maarschalkerweerd, R. Madden, S. Maghami, P. Mance, D. Martin, V. Martin-Porqueras, F. Mateos, I. McNamara, P. Mendes, J. Mendes, L. Moroni, A. Paczkowski, S. Perreur-Lloyd, M. Petiteau, A. Pivato, P. Plagnol, E. Prat, P. Ragnit, U. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, J. Perez, J. A. Romera Robertson, D. Rozemeijer, H. Russano, G. Sarra, P. Schleicher, A. Slutsky, J. Sopuerta, C. F. Sumner, T. Texier, D. Thorpe, J. Trenkel, C. Tu, H. B. Vetrugno, D. Vitale, S. Wanner, G. Ward, H. Waschke, S. Wass, P. Wealthy, D. Wen, S. Weber, W. Wittchen, A. Zanoni, C. Ziegler, T. Zweifel, P. GP IOP TI In-flight thermal experiments for LISA Pathfinder: Simulating temperature noise at the Inertial Sensors SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL LISA SYMPOSIUM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International LISA Symposium CY MAY 18-23, 2014 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Inst High Energy Phys & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Off Sponsored Res HO Univ Florida AB Thermal Diagnostics experiments to be carried out on board LISA Pathfinder (LPF) will yield a detailed characterisation of how temperature fluctuations affect the LTP (LISA Technology Package) instrument performance, a crucial information for future space based gravitational wave detectors as the proposed eLISA. Amongst them, the study of temperature gradient fluctuations around the test masses of the Inertial Sensors will provide as well information regarding the contribution of the Brownian noise, which is expected to limit the LTP sensitivity at frequencies close to 1mHz during some LTP experiments. In this paper we report on how these kind of Thermal Diagnostics experiments were simulated in the last LPF Simulation Campaign (November, 2013) involving all the LPF Data Analysis team and using an end-to-end simulator of the whole spacecraft. Such simulation campaign was conducted under the framework of the preparation for LPF operations. C1 [Gibert, F.; Nofrarias, M.; Gesa, L. I.; Karnesis, N.; Lloro, I.; Martin, V.; Mateos, I.; Sopuerta, C. F.] Fac Ciencies, CSIC IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. [Armano, M.; Freschi, M.; Gallegos, J.; Martin-Porqueras, F.; Mendes, L.; Texier, D.] European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28692, Spain. [Audley, H.; Born, M.; Danzmann, K.; Diepholz, I.; Heinzel, G.; Hewitson, M.; Kaune, B.; Korsakova, N.; Paczkowski, S.; Reiche, J.; Wanner, G.; Wittchen, A.] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Audley, H.; Born, M.; Danzmann, K.; Diepholz, I.; Heinzel, G.; Hewitson, M.; Kaune, B.; Korsakova, N.; Paczkowski, S.; Reiche, J.; Wanner, G.; Wittchen, A.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Auger, G.; Binetruy, P.; Inchauspe, H.; Petiteau, A.; Plagnol, E.; Prat, P.] Univ Paris Diderot, APC UMR7164, Paris, France. [Bortoluzzi, D.; Zanoni, C.] Univ Trento, Dept Ind Engn, I-38123 Trento, Italy. [Bortoluzzi, D.; Cavalleri, A.; Cesarini, A.; Dolesi, R.; Ferroni, V.; Giusteri, R.; Hueller, M.; Pivato, P.; Russano, G.; Tu, H. B.; Vetrugno, D.; Vitale, S.; Wen, S.; Weber, W.; Zanoni, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Brandt, N.; Fitzsimons, E.; Gerndt, R.; Schleicher, A.; Ziegler, T.] Airbus Def & Space, D-88090 Immenstaad, Germany. [Caleno, M.; Marirrodriga, C. Garcia; Huesler, J.; Jennrich, O.; Johlander, B.; Madden, S.; McNamara, P.; Ragnit, U.; Perez, J. A. Romera; Rozemeijer, H.] European Space Agcy, European Space Technol Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Cavalleri, A.; Cesarini, A.; Dolesi, R.; Ferroni, V.; Giusteri, R.; Hueller, M.; Pivato, P.; Russano, G.; Tu, H. B.; Vetrugno, D.; Vitale, S.; Wen, S.; Weber, W.] Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Cruise, M.] Univ Birmingham, Dept Phys & Astron, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Dunbar, N.; Trenkel, C.; Wealthy, D.] Airbus Def & Space, Stevenage SG1 2AS, Herts, England. [Ferraioli, L.; Giardini, D.; Mance, D.; Zweifel, P.] ETH, Inst Geophys, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Grimani, C.] Univ Urbino, Ist Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-61029 Urbino, PU, Italy. [Harrison, I.; Maarschalkerweerd, R.; Mendes, J.] European Space Agcy, European Space Operat Ctr, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany. [Baird, J.; Hollington, D.; Sumner, T.; Waschke, S.; Wass, P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Jetzer, P.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Killow, C.; Perreur-Lloyd, M.; Ward, H.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, Inst Gravitat Res, SUPA, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Ramos-Castro, J.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Elect Engn, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Ramos-Castro, J.] IEEC, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Maghami, P.; Slutsky, J.; Thorpe, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bursi, A.; Moroni, A.; Sarra, P.] CGS SpA, Co Gen Spazio, I-20151 Milan, Italy. RP Gibert, F (reprint author), Fac Ciencies, CSIC IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. EM gibert@ieec.cat RI cavalleri, antonella/D-3678-2015; Vitale, Stefano/C-2312-2012; Pivato, Paolo/K-6641-2015; Weber, William/H-4351-2012; Nofrarias, Miquel/N-6249-2015; Lloro, Ivan/F-1509-2016; Wass, Peter/C-5767-2017; OI F. Sopuerta, Carlos/0000-0002-1779-4447; cavalleri, antonella/0000-0003-0461-0968; Zanoni, Carlo/0000-0002-5767-9064; Vitale, Stefano/0000-0002-2427-8918; Pivato, Paolo/0000-0003-2691-5236; Weber, William/0000-0003-1536-2410; Nofrarias, Miquel/0000-0003-1518-2196; Lloro, Ivan/0000-0001-5966-1434; Wass, Peter/0000-0002-2945-399X; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 610 AR 012023 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/610/1/012023 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD1MF UT WOS:000358149000023 ER PT S AU Livas, J Sankar, S AF Livas, J. Sankar, S. GP IOP TI Optical Telescope Design Study Results SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL LISA SYMPOSIUM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International LISA Symposium CY MAY 18-23, 2014 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Inst High Energy Phys & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Off Sponsored Res HO Univ Florida AB We report on the results of a study conducted from Nov 2012-Apr 2013 to develop a telescope design for a space-based gravitational wave detector. The telescope is needed for efficient power delivery but since it is directly in the beam path, the design is driven by the requirements for the overall displacement sensitivity of the gravitational wave observatory. Two requirements in particular, optical pathlength stability and scattered light performance, are beyond the usual specifications for good image quality encountered in traditional telescopic systems. An important element of the study was to tap industrial expertise to develop an optimized design that can be reliably manufactured. Key engineering and design trade-offs and the sometimes surprising results will be presented. C1 [Livas, J.; Sankar, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sankar, S.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Livas, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Jeffrey.Livas@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 610 AR 012029 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/610/1/012029 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD1MF UT WOS:000358149000029 ER PT S AU Sankar, SR Livas, JC AF Sankar, Shannon R. Livas, Jeffrey C. GP IOP TI Initial progress with numerical modelling of scattered light in a candidate eLISA telescope SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL LISA SYMPOSIUM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International LISA Symposium CY MAY 18-23, 2014 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Inst High Energy Phys & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Off Sponsored Res HO Univ Florida AB We report a numerical analysis of the scattered light from within the field of view of an eLISA-like full-duplex telescope and, by comparison to a nominal allowable scattered light specification, we place constraints on the permissible mirror surface roughness and contamination levels of the mirrors. Our analysis was performed with commercially available stray light software, typically used in non-interferometric imaging telescopes and we do not include polarization or coherent effects. This work therefore represents the early steps towards a more complete understanding of the scattered light budget. C1 [Sankar, Shannon R.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Livas, Jeffrey C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Sankar, SR (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. EM shannon.r.sankar@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 610 AR 012031 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/610/1/012031 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD1MF UT WOS:000358149000031 ER PT S AU Vallisneri, M Kanner, J Williams, R Weinstein, A Stephens, B AF Vallisneri, Michele Kanner, Jonah Williams, Roy Weinstein, Alan Stephens, Branson GP IOP TI The LIGO Open Science Center SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL LISA SYMPOSIUM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International LISA Symposium CY MAY 18-23, 2014 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Inst High Energy Phys & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Off Sponsored Res HO Univ Florida ID ORIGIN AB The LIGO Open Science Center (LOSC) fulfills LIGO's commitment to release, archive, and serve LIGO data in a broadly accessible way to the scientific community and to the public, and to provide the information and tools necessary to understand and use the data. In August 2014, the LOSC published the full dataset from Initial LIGO's "S5" run at design sensitivity, the first such large-scale release and a valuable testbed to explore the use of LIGO data by non-LIGO researchers and by the public, and to help teach gravitational-wave data analysis to students across the world. In addition to serving the S5 data, the LOSC web portal (losc.ligo.org) now offers documentation, data-location and data-quality queries, tutorials and example code, and more. We review the mission and plans of the LOSC, focusing on the S5 data release. C1 [Vallisneri, Michele] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kanner, Jonah; Williams, Roy; Weinstein, Alan] CALTECH, LIGO, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Stephens, Branson] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Vallisneri, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM michele.vallisneri@jpl.nasa.gov OI Kanner, Jonah/0000-0001-8115-0577 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 610 AR 012021 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/610/1/012021 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD1MF UT WOS:000358149000021 ER PT S AU Adriani, O Akaike, Y Asano, K Asaoka, Y Bagliesi, MG Bigongiari, G Binns, WR Bonechi, S Bongi, M Buckley, JH Castellini, G Cherry, ML Collazuol, G Ebisawa, K Di Felice, V Fuke, H Guzik, TG Hams, T Hareyama, M Hasebe, N Hibino, K Ichimura, M Ioka, K Israel, MH Javaid, A Kamioka, E Kasahara, K Kataoka, J Kataoka, R Katayose, Y Kawanaka, N Kitamura, H Kotani, T Krawczynski, HS Krizmanic, JF Kubota, A Kuramata, S Lomtadze, T Maestro, P Marcelli, L Marrocchesi, PS Mitchell, JW Miyake, S Mizutani, K Moiseev, AA Mori, K Mori, M Mori, N Motz, HM Munakata, K Murakami, H Nakagawa, YE Nakahira, S Nishimura, J Okuno, S Ormes, JF Ozawa, S Palma, F Papini, P Rauch, BF Ricciarini, SB Sakamoto, T Sasaki, M Shibata, M Shimizu, Y Shiomi, A Sparvoli, R Spillantini, P Takahashi, I Takayanagi, M Takita, M Tamura, T Tateyama, N Terasawa, T Tomida, H Torii, S Tunesada, Y Uchihori, Y Ueno, S Vannuccini, E Wefel, JP Yamaoka, K Yanagita, S Yoshida, A Yoshida, K Yuda, T AF Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Bagliesi, M. G. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W. R. Bonechi, S. Bongi, M. Buckley, J. H. Castellini, G. Cherry, M. L. Collazuol, G. Ebisawa, K. Di Felice, V. Fuke, H. Guzik, T. G. Hams, T. Hareyama, M. Hasebe, N. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Israel, M. H. Javaid, A. Kamioka, E. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kawanaka, N. Kitamura, H. Kotani, T. Krawczynski, H. S. Krizmanic, J. F. Kubota, A. Kuramata, S. Lomtadze, T. Maestro, P. Marcelli, L. Marrocchesi, P. S. Mitchell, J. W. Miyake, S. Mizutani, K. Moiseev, A. A. Mori, K. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H. M. Munakata, K. Murakami, H. Nakagawa, Y. E. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J. F. Ozawa, S. Palma, F. Papini, P. Rauch, B. F. Ricciarini, S. B. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shibata, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Sparvoli, R. Spillantini, P. Takahashi, I. Takayanagi, M. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Tateyama, N. Terasawa, T. Tomida, H. Torii, S. Tunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Ueno, S. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J. P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Yuda, T. BE Bravina, L Foka, Y Kabana, S TI The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) for high-energy astroparticle physics on the International Space Station SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEW FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics (ICNFP) CY JUL 28-AUG 06, 2014 CL Kolymbari, GREECE ID PERFORMANCE AB The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a space experiment, currently under development by Japan in collaboration with Italy and the United States, which will measure the flux of cosmic-ray electrons (and positrons) up to 20 TeV energy, of gamma rays up to 10 TeV, of nuclei with Z from 1 to 40 up to 1 PeV energy, and will detect gamma-ray bursts in the 7 keV to 20 MeV energy range during a 5 year mission. These measurements are essential to investigate possible nearby astrophysical sources of high energy electrons, study the details of galactic particle propagation and search for dark matter signatures. The main detector of CALET, the Calorimeter, consists of a module to identify the particle charge, followed by a thin imaging calorimeter (3 radiation lengths) with tungsten plates interleaving scintillating fibre planes, and a thick energy measuring calorimeter (27 radiation lengths) composed of lead tungstate logs. The Calorimeter has the depth, imaging capabilities and energy resolution necessary for excellent separation between hadrons, electrons and gamma rays. The instrument is currently being prepared for launch (expected in 2015) to the International Space Station ISS, for installation on the Japanese Experiment Module - Exposure Facility (JEM-EF). C1 [Sakamoto, T.; Takahashi, I.; Yoshida, A.] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Tokyo 150, Japan. [Hams, T.; Krizmanic, J. F.; Moiseev, A. A.; Sasaki, M.] NASA, GSFC, CRESST, Las Cruces, NM 88004 USA. [Krizmanic, J. F.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Hams, T.; Moiseev, A. A.; Sasaki, M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ichimura, M.; Kuramata, S.] Hirosaki Univ, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan. [Miyake, S.] Ibaraki Natl Coll Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Yanagita, S.] Ibaraki Univ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Akaike, Y.; Takita, M.; Terasawa, T.; Yuda, T.] Univ Tokyo, ICRR, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Shimizu, Y.; Tamura, T.; Torii, S.] SEUC, JAXA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Ebisawa, K.; Fuke, H.; Mori, K.; Nakagawa, Y. E.; Nakahira, S.; Nishimura, J.; Takayanagi, M.; Tomida, H.; Ueno, S.] ISAS, JAXA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Hibino, K.; Okuno, S.; Tamura, T.; Tateyama, N.] Kanagawa Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Ioka, K.] KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Cherry, M. L.; Guzik, T. G.; Javaid, A.; Wefel, J. P.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Yamaoka, K.] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Mitchell, J. W.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kataoka, R.] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan. [Kitamura, H.; Uchihori, Y.] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba, Japan. [Shiomi, A.] Nihon Univ, Tokyo 102, Japan. [Mori, M.] Ritsumeikan Univ, Kyoto, Japan. [Mizutani, K.] Saitama Univ, Saitama, Japan. [Kamioka, E.; Kubota, A.; Yoshida, K.] Shibaura Inst Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Munakata, K.] Shinshu Univ, Nagano, Japan. [Hareyama, M.] St Marianna Univ, Sch Med, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. [Kawanaka, N.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Asano, K.; Tunesada, Y.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Adriani, O.; Bongi, M.; Castellini, G.; Mori, N.; Papini, P.; Ricciarini, S. B.; Spillantini, P.; Vannuccini, E.] Univ Florence, IFAC, CNR, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Adriani, O.; Bagliesi, M. G.; Bigongiari, G.; Bonechi, S.; Bongi, M.; Castellini, G.; Collazuol, G.; Di Felice, V.; Lomtadze, T.; Maestro, P.; Marcelli, L.; Marrocchesi, P. S.; Mori, N.; Palma, F.; Papini, P.; Ricciarini, S. B.; Sparvoli, R.; Spillantini, P.; Vannuccini, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Milan, Italy. [Collazuol, G.] Univ Padua, I-35100 Padua, Italy. [Lomtadze, T.] Univ Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Di Felice, V.; Marcelli, L.; Palma, F.; Sparvoli, R.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. [Bagliesi, M. G.; Bigongiari, G.; Bonechi, S.; Maestro, P.; Marrocchesi, P. S.] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Asaoka, Y.; Hasebe, N.; Kasahara, K.; Kataoka, J.; Kotani, T.; Mori, K.; Motz, H. M.; Murakami, H.; Ozawa, S.; Torii, S.] Waseda Univ, Tokyo, Japan. [Binns, W. R.; Buckley, J. H.; Israel, M. H.; Krawczynski, H. S.; Rauch, B. F.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Katayose, Y.; Shibata, M.] Yokohama Natl Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Ricciarini, SB (reprint author), Univ Florence, IFAC, CNR, I-50121 Florence, Italy. EM s.ricciarini@ifac.cnr.it RI Palma, Francesco/K-3224-2015; Marrocchesi, Pier Simone/N-9068-2015; Bongi, Massimo/L-9417-2015; maestro, paolo/E-3280-2010; marcelli, laura/K-8860-2016; Di Felice, Valeria/L-2989-2016; Mori, Nicola/D-9459-2016; OI Palma, Francesco/0000-0001-7076-8830; Marrocchesi, Pier Simone/0000-0003-1966-140X; Bongi, Massimo/0000-0002-6050-1937; maestro, paolo/0000-0002-4193-1288; marcelli, laura/0000-0002-3180-1228; Mori, Nicola/0000-0003-2138-3787; Ricciarini, Sergio Bruno/0000-0001-6176-3368 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2015 VL 95 AR 04056 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20159504056 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BD1PP UT WOS:000358248400119 ER PT J AU McGrath-Spangler, EL Molod, A Ott, LE Pawson, S AF McGrath-Spangler, E. L. Molod, A. Ott, L. E. Pawson, S. TI Impact of planetary boundary layer turbulence on model climate and tracer transport SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CO2 RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLOBAL OCEANS; DUST AEROSOLS; GOCART MODEL; DESERT DUST; AIR-QUALITY; SATELLITE; CARBON; VARIABILITY AB Planetary boundary layer (PBL) processes are important for weather, climate, and tracer transport and concentration. One measure of the strength of these processes is the PBL depth. However, no single PBL depth definition exists and several studies have found that the estimated depth can vary substantially based on the definition used. In the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5) atmospheric general circulation model, the PBL depth is particularly important because it is used to calculate the turbulent length scale that is used in the estimation of turbulent mixing. This study analyzes the impact of using three different PBL depth definitions in this calculation. Two definitions are based on the scalar eddy diffusion coefficient and the third is based on the bulk Richardson number. Over land, the bulk Richardson number definition estimates shallower nocturnal PBLs than the other estimates while over water this definition generally produces deeper PBLs. The near-surface wind velocity, temperature, and specific humidity responses to the change in turbulence are spatially and temporally heterogeneous, resulting in changes to tracer transport and concentrations. Near-surface wind speed increases in the bulk Richardson number experiment cause Saharan dust increases on the order of 1 x 10(-4) kg m(-2) downwind over the Atlantic Ocean. Carbon monoxide (CO) surface concentrations are modified over Africa during boreal summer, producing differences on the order of 20 ppb, due to the model's treatment of emissions from biomass burning. While differences in carbon dioxide (CO2) are small in the time mean, instantaneous differences are on the order of 10 ppm and these are especially prevalent at high latitude during boreal winter. Understanding the sensitivity of trace gas and aerosol concentration estimates to PBL depth is important for studies seeking to calculate surface fluxes based on near-surface concentrations and for studies projecting future concentrations. C1 [McGrath-Spangler, E. L.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [McGrath-Spangler, E. L.; Molod, A.; Ott, L. E.; Pawson, S.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Molod, A.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP McGrath-Spangler, EL (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. EM erica.l.mcgrath-spangler@nasa.gov RI Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Ott, Lesley/E-2250-2012 OI McGrath-Spangler, Erica/0000-0002-8540-5423; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG11HP16A] FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers. The MERRA data are produced by the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office and disseminated by the GES DISC. The ACOS data were produced by the ACOS/OCO-2 project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, using spectra data acquired by the GOSAT Project. We would like to acknowledge the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center for disseminating the MOPITT and ISCCP data, the Goddard DAAC and MODIS software development and support teams for providing the MODIS data, and the MISR retrieval team. Computing was supported by the NASA Center for Climate Simulation. The research was supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant NNG11HP16A. NR 77 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 13 BP 7269 EP 7286 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7269-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM8UT UT WOS:000357978300008 ER PT J AU Kaiser, J Wolfe, GM Min, KE Brown, SS Miller, CC Jacob, DJ deGouw, JA Graus, M Hanisco, TF Holloway, J Peischl, J Pollack, IB Ryerson, TB Warneke, C Washenfelder, RA Keutsch, FN AF Kaiser, J. Wolfe, G. M. Min, K. E. Brown, S. S. Miller, C. C. Jacob, D. J. deGouw, J. A. Graus, M. Hanisco, T. F. Holloway, J. Peischl, J. Pollack, I. B. Ryerson, T. B. Warneke, C. Washenfelder, R. A. Keutsch, F. N. TI Reassessing the ratio of glyoxal to formaldehyde as an indicator of hydrocarbon precursor speciation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UNITED-STATES; GAS-PHASE; IN-SITU; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; MODEL DESCRIPTION; FINE-PARTICLE; AIR-POLLUTION AB The yield of formaldehyde (HCHO) and glyoxal (CHOCHO) from oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) depends on precursor VOC structure and the concentration of NOx (NOx = NO + NO2). Previous work has proposed that the ratio of CHOCHO to HCHO (R-GF) can be used as an indicator of precursor VOC speciation, and absolute concentrations of the CHOCHO and HCHO as indicators of NOx. Because this metric is measurable by satellite, it is potentially useful on a global scale; however, absolute values and trends in R-GF have differed between satellite and ground-based observations. To investigate potential causes of previous discrepancies and the usefulness of this ratio, we present measurements of CHOCHO and HCHO over the southeastern United States (SE US) from the 2013 SENEX (Southeast Nexus) flight campaign, and compare these measurements with OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) satellite retrievals. High time-resolution flight measurements show that high R-GF is associated with monoterpene emissions, low R-GF is associated with isoprene oxidation, and emissions associated with oil and gas production can lead to small-scale variation in regional R-GF. During the summertime in the SE US, R-GF is not a reliable diagnostic of anthropogenic VOC emissions, as HCHO and CHOCHO production are dominated by isoprene oxidation. Our results show that the new CHOCHO retrieval algorithm reduces the previous disagreement between satellite and in situ R-GF observations. As the absolute values and trends in R-GF observed during SENEX are largely reproduced by OMI observations, we conclude that satellite-based observations of R-GF can be used alongside knowledge of land use as a global diagnostic of dominant hydrocarbon speciation. C1 [Kaiser, J.; Keutsch, F. N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wolfe, G. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Wolfe, G. M.; Hanisco, T. F.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Min, K. E.; deGouw, J. A.; Graus, M.; Holloway, J.; Peischl, J.; Pollack, I. B.; Warneke, C.; Washenfelder, R. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Min, K. E.; Brown, S. S.; deGouw, J. A.; Graus, M.; Holloway, J.; Peischl, J.; Pollack, I. B.; Ryerson, T. B.; Warneke, C.; Washenfelder, R. A.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Brown, S. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, C. C.; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kaiser, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jen.b.kaiser@gmail.com RI Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Kaiser, Jennifer/N-7732-2014; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program [83540601]; NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [NNX14AK97H]; NASA Aura Science Team FX The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution from all members of the SENEX flight and science teams. Funding was provided by US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program grant 83540601. This research has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. J. Kaiser acknowledges support from NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program - grant NNX14AK97H. This work was also supported as part of the NASA Aura Science Team. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 9 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 13 BP 7571 EP 7583 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7571-2015 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM8UT UT WOS:000357978300027 ER PT J AU Shinozuka, Y Clarke, AD Nenes, A Jefferson, A Wood, R McNaughton, CS Strom, J Tunved, P Redemann, J Thornhill, KL Moore, RH Lathem, TL Lin, JJ Yoon, YJ AF Shinozuka, Y. Clarke, A. D. Nenes, A. Jefferson, A. Wood, R. McNaughton, C. S. Strom, J. Tunved, P. Redemann, J. Thornhill, K. L. Moore, R. H. Lathem, T. L. Lin, J. J. Yoon, Y. J. TI The relationship between cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration and light extinction of dried particles: indications of underlying aerosol processes and implications for satellite-based CCN estimates SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; VERTICAL PROFILES; FIELD CAMPAIGNS; AIRBORNE; REMOTE; MODIS; VARIABILITY; PARAMETERS; POLLUTION AB We examine the relationship between the number concentration of boundary-layer cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and light extinction to investigate underlying aerosol processes and satellite-based CCN estimates. For a variety of airborne and ground-based observations not dominated by dust, regression identifies the CCN (cm(-3)) at 0.4 +/- 0.1% supersaturation with 10(0.3 alpha+1.3)sigma(0.75) where sigma (Mm(-1)) is the 500 nm extinction coefficient by dried particles and alpha is the Angstrom exponent. The deviation of 1 km horizontal average data from this approximation is typically within a factor of 2.0. partial derivative logCCN / partial derivative log sigma is less than unity because, among other explanations, growth processes generally make aerosols scatter more light without increasing their number. This, barring special meteorology-aerosol connections, associates a doubling of aerosol optical depth with less than a doubling of CCN, contrary to previous studies based on heavily averaged measurements or a satellite algorithm. C1 [Shinozuka, Y.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Cooperat Res Earth Sci & Technol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Shinozuka, Y.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA USA. [Clarke, A. D.; McNaughton, C. S.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Nenes, A.; Lathem, T. L.; Lin, J. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jefferson, A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jefferson, A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wood, R.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McNaughton, C. S.] Golder Associates, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Strom, J.; Tunved, P.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Redemann, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Thornhill, K. L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Moore, R. H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Lathem, T. L.] Phillips 66 Res Ctr, Bartlesville, OK USA. [Yoon, Y. J.] Korea Polar Res Inst, Inchon, South Korea. RP Shinozuka, Y (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Cooperat Res Earth Sci & Technol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM yohei.shinozuka@nasa.gov RI Wood, Robert/A-2989-2008 OI Wood, Robert/0000-0002-1401-3828 FU NASA [NNX12AO27G]; KOPRI [NRF-2011-0021063] FX We thank Teruyuki Nakajima, Kazuaki Kawamoto, Steve Howell, Steffen Freitag, Chris Terai, Allison McComiskey, Andreas Beyersdorf, Bruce Anderson, Phil Russell, John Livingston, Sam LeBlanc, Tom Ackerman, Masataka Shiobara, Rob Levy, Meloe Kacenelenbogen, Qian Tan, Kirk Knobelspiesse, Connor Flynn, Trish Quinn and the two anonymous reviewers for valuable input. Funding through NASA New (Early Career) Investigator Program (NNX12AO27G) is gratefully acknowledged. The Svalbard CCN measurement was supported by the KOPRI project: NRF-2011-0021063. Aerosol observations at the Zeppelin station were supported by the Swedish EPA. NR 67 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 13 BP 7585 EP 7604 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7585-2015 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM8UT UT WOS:000357978300028 ER PT J AU Che, H Zhang, XY Xia, X Goloub, P Holben, B Zhao, H Wang, Y Zhang, XC Wang, H Blarel, L Damiri, B Zhang, R Deng, X Ma, Y Wang, T Geng, F Qi, B Zhu, J Yu, J Chen, Q Shi, G AF Che, H. Zhang, X. -Y. Xia, X. Goloub, P. Holben, B. Zhao, H. Wang, Y. Zhang, X. -C. Wang, H. Blarel, L. Damiri, B. Zhang, R. Deng, X. Ma, Y. Wang, T. Geng, F. Qi, B. Zhu, J. Yu, J. Chen, Q. Shi, G. TI Ground-based aerosol climatology of China: aerosol optical depths from the China Aerosol Remote Sensing Network (CARSNET) 2002-2013 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; YANGTZE-RIVER DELTA; NORTH CHINA; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; ACE-ASIA; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SUN-PHOTOMETER; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLAR-RADIATION; DUST EMISSION AB Long-term measurements of aerosol optical depths (AODs) at 440 nm and Angstrom exponents (AE) between 440 and 870 nm made for CARSNET were compiled into a climatology of aerosol optical properties for China. Quality-assured monthly mean AODs are presented for 50 sites representing remote, rural, and urban areas. AODs were 0.14, 0.34, 0.42, 0.54, and 0.74 at remote stations, rural/desert regions, the Loess Plateau, central and eastern China, and urban sites, respectively, and the corresponding AE values were 0.97, 0.55, 0.82, 1.19, and 1.05. AODs increased from north to south, with low values (<0.20) over the Tibetan Plateau and northwestern China and high AODs (>0.60) in central and eastern China where industrial emissions and anthropogenic activities were likely sources. AODs were 0.20-0.40 in semi-arid and arid regions and some background areas in northern and northeastern China. AEs were >1.20 over the southern reaches of the Yangtze River and at clean sites in northeastern China. In the northwestern deserts and industrial parts of northeast China, AEs were lower (<0.80) compared with central and eastern regions. Dust events in spring, hygroscopic particle growth during summer, and biomass burning contribute the high AODs, especially in northern and eastern China. The AODs show decreasing trends from 2006 to 2009 but increased similar to 0.03 per year from 2009 to 2013. C1 [Che, H.; Zhang, X. -Y.; Wang, Y.; Wang, H.] CAMS, CMA, Key Lab Atmospher Chem LAC, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Che, H.; Zhang, X. -Y.] Jiangsu Collaborat Innovat Ctr Climate Change, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xia, X.; Zhu, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Middle Atmosphere & Global Environm Observat, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Xia, X.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Goloub, P.; Blarel, L.] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Holben, B.] NASA, Biospher Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Zhao, H.; Ma, Y.] China Meteorol Adm, Inst Atmospher Environm, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. [Zhang, X. -C.] CMA, Meteorol Observat Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Damiri, B.] Cimel Elect, F-75011 Paris, France. [Zhang, R.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Key Lab Reg Climate Environm Temperate East Asia, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Deng, X.] CMA, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Reg Numer Weather Predict, Inst Trop & Marine Meteorol, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wang, T.] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Geng, F.] SMB, Pudong New Area Weather Off, Shanghai Urban Environm Meteorol Ctr, Shanghai 200135, Peoples R China. [Qi, B.] Hangzhou Meteorol Bur, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Yu, J.; Chen, Q.] Chengdu Univ Informat Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Plateau Atmospher & Environm Key Lab Sichuan Prov, Chengdu 610225, Peoples R China. [Shi, G.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Che, H (reprint author), CAMS, CMA, Key Lab Atmospher Chem LAC, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM chehz@cams.cma.gov.cn; xiaoye@cams.cma.gov.cn RI Xia, Xiangao/G-5545-2011; che, Huizheng/B-1354-2014; OI Xia, Xiangao/0000-0002-4187-6311; che, Huizheng/0000-0002-9458-3387; Zhu, Jun/0000-0003-2335-9692 FU National Key Project of Basic Research [2011CB403401]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275167, 41130104]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05100301]; CAMS Basis Research Project [2014R17]; Climate Change Special Fund of CMA [CCSF201504]; European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) [262254] FX This research was funded by the National Key Project of Basic Research (2011CB403401), the Project (41275167 and 41130104) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05100301), CAMS Basis Research Project (2014R17) and the Climate Change Special Fund of CMA (CCSF201504). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 262254. NR 119 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 10 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 13 BP 7619 EP 7652 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7619-2015 PG 34 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM8UT UT WOS:000357978300030 ER PT J AU Sun, W Baize, RR Lukashin, C Hu, Y AF Sun, W. Baize, R. R. Lukashin, C. Hu, Y. TI Deriving polarization properties of desert-reflected solar spectra with PARASOL data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTER-CALIBRATION APPLICATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC FLUXES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; COOLING RATES; SURFACE; SATELLITE; RADIATION; SUNLIGHT; MODELS AB One of the major objectives of the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) is to conduct highly accurate spectral observations to provide an on-orbit inter-calibration standard for relevant Earth-observing sensors with various channels. To calibrate an Earth-observing sensor's measurements with the highly accurate data from the CLARREO, errors in the measurements caused by the sensor's sensitivity to the polarization state of light must be corrected. For correction of the measurement errors due to the light's polarization, both the instrument's dependence on the incident polarization state and the on-orbit knowledge of the polarization state of light as a function of observed scene type, viewing geometry, and solar wavelength are required. In this study, an algorithm for deriving the spectral polarization state of solar light from the desert is reported. The desert/bare land surface is assumed to be composed of two types of areas: fine sand grains with diffuse reflection (Lambertian non-polarizer) and quartz-rich sand particles with facets of various orientations (specular-reflection polarizer). The Adding-Doubling Radiative Transfer Model (ADRTM) is applied to integrate the atmospheric absorption and scattering in the system. Empirical models are adopted in obtaining the diffuse spectral reflectance of sands and the optical depth of the dust aerosols over the desert. The ratio of non-polarizer area to polarizer area and the angular distribution of the facet orientations are determined by fitting the modeled polarization states of light to the measurements at three polarized channels (490, 670, and 865 nm) by the Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Science instrument coupled with Observations from a Lidar (PARASOL). Based on this physical model of the surface, the desert-reflected solar light's polarization state at any wavelength in the whole solar spectra can be calculated with the ADRTM. C1 [Sun, W.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Sun, W.; Baize, R. R.; Lukashin, C.; Hu, Y.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Sun, W (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM wenbo.sun-1@nasa.gov RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 FU NASA's CLARREO mission FX This work is supported by NASA's CLARREO mission. The authors thank Bruce A. Wielicki for this support and helpful discussions. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 13 BP 7725 EP 7734 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7725-2015 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM8UT UT WOS:000357978300035 ER PT S AU Lohr, J Anderson, JP Cengher, M Ellis, RA Gorelov, YA Kolemen, E Lambot, T Murakami, DD Myrabo, L Noraky, S Parkin, KL Ponce, D Torrezan, A AF Lohr, J. Anderson, J. P. Cengher, M. Ellis, R. A. Gorelov, Y. A. Kolemen, E. Lambot, T. Murakami, D. D. Myrabo, L. Noraky, S. Parkin, K. L. Ponce, D. Torrezan, A. BE Kubo, S TI Performance History and Upgrades for the DIII-D Gyrotron Complex SO EC18 - 18TH JOINT WORKSHOP ON ELECTRON CYCLOTRON EMISSION AND ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE HEATING SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Joint Workshop on Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (EC) CY APR 22-25, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Nara, JAPAN SP Communicat & Power Ind, Toshiba Elect Tube & Device, Nara Visitors Bur HO Natl Inst Fus Sci AB The gyrotron installation on the DIII-D tokamak has been in operation at the second harmonic of the electron cyclotron resonance since the mid-1990s. Prior to that a large installation of ten 60 GHz tubes was operated at the fundamental resonance. The system has been upgraded regularly and is an everyday tool for experiments on DIII-D. C1 [Lohr, J.; Anderson, J. P.; Cengher, M.; Gorelov, Y. A.; Noraky, S.; Ponce, D.; Torrezan, A.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Ellis, R. A.; Kolemen, E.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Lambot, T.; Parkin, K. L.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Murakami, D. D.] NASA, Expt Aerophys Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Myrabo, L.] Lightcraft Technol Inc, Bennington, VT 05201 USA. RP Lohr, J (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM lohr@fusion.gat.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2015 VL 87 AR 02009 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20158702009 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BD1ST UT WOS:000358327700020 ER PT S AU Bertagne, CL Sheth, RB Hartl, DJ Whitcomb, JD AF Bertagne, Christopher L. Sheth, Rubik B. Hartl, Darren J. Whitcomb, John D. BE Liao, WH Park, G Erturk, A TI Simulating Coupled Thermal-Mechanical Interactions in Morphing Radiators SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SMART STRUCTURES AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, American Soc Mech Engineer DE Morphing radiators; adaptive structures; shape memory alloys; partitioned analysis AB Thermal control is an important aspect of every spacecraft. The thermal control system (TCS) must maintain the temperature of all other systems within acceptable limits in spite of changes in environmental conditions or heat loads. Most thermal control systems used in crewed vehicles use a two-fluid-loop architecture in order to achieve the flexibility demanded by the mission. The two-loop architecture provides sufficient performance, but it does so at the cost of additional mass. A recently-proposed radiator concept known as a morphing radiator employs shape memory alloys in order to achieve the performance necessary to use a single-loop TCS architecture. However, modeling the behavior of morphing radiators is challenging due to the presence of a unique and complex thermomechanical coupling. In this work, a partitioned analysis procedure is implemented with existing finite element solvers in order to explore the behavior of a possible shape memory alloy-based morphing radiator in a mission-like thermal environment. The results help confirm the theory of operation and demonstrate the ability of this method to support the design and development of future morphing radiators. C1 [Bertagne, Christopher L.; Hartl, Darren J.; Whitcomb, John D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Sheth, Rubik B.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Hartl, DJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM darren.hartl@tamu.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-534-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9431 AR 94312F DI 10.1117/12.2175739 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BD0SF UT WOS:000357640200065 ER PT S AU Mackenzie, AI AF Mackenzie, Anne I. BE Henry, DJ Gosian, GJ Lange, DA VonBerg, DL Walls, TJ Young, DL TI EM Modeling of Far-Field Radiation Patterns for Antennas on the GMA-TT UAV SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications XII CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE UAV; electromagnetic simulation; antenna placement; far-field radiation patterns AB To optimize communication with the Generic Modular Aircraft T-Tail (GMA-TT) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), electromagnetic (EM) simulations have been performed to predict the performance of two antenna types on the aircraft. Simulated far-field radiation patterns tell the amount of power radiated by the antennas and the aircraft together, taking into account blockage by the aircraft as well as radiation by conducting and dielectric portions of the aircraft. With a knowledge of the polarization and distance of the two communicating antennas, e.g. one on the UAV and one on the ground, and the transmitted signal strength, a calculation may be performed to find the strength of the signal travelling from one antenna to the other and to check that the transmitted signal meets the receiver system requirements for the designated range. In order to do this, the antenna frequency and polarization must be known for each antenna, in addition to its design and location. The permittivity, permeability, and geometry of the UAV components must also be known. The full-wave method of moments solution produces the appropriate dBi radiation pattern in which the received signal strength is calculated relative to that of an isotropic radiator. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Mackenzie, AI (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM a.i.mackenzie-1@nasa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-576-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9460 AR 946009 DI 10.1117/12.2182104 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD0QF UT WOS:000357565500006 ER PT J AU Koffi, EN Rayner, PJ Norton, AJ Frankenberg, C Scholze, M AF Koffi, E. N. Rayner, P. J. Norton, A. J. Frankenberg, C. Scholze, M. TI Investigating the usefulness of satellite-derived fluorescence data in inferring gross primary productivity within the carbon cycle data assimilation system SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; EDDY COVARIANCE TECHNIQUE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CO2 ASSIMILATION; BIOSPHERE MODELS; C-3 PLANTS; SPACE; NITROGEN; LEAVES AB Simulations of carbon fluxes with terrestrial biosphere models still exhibit significant uncertainties, in part due to the uncertainty in model parameter values. With the advent of satellite measurements of solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), there exists a novel pathway for constraining simulated carbon fluxes and parameter values. We investigate the utility of SIF in constraining gross primary productivity (GPP). As a first test we assess whether SIF simulations are sensitive to important parameters in a biosphere model. SIF measurements at the wavelength of 755 nm are simulated by the Carbon-Cycle Data Assimilation System (CCDAS) which has been augmented by the fluorescence component of the Soil Canopy Observation, Photochemistry and Energy fluxes (SCOPE) model. Idealized sensitivity tests of the SCOPE model stand-alone indicate strong sensitivity of GPP to the carboxylation capacity (V-cmax) and of SIF to the chlorophyll AB content (C-ab) and incoming short wave radiation. Low sensitivity is found for SIF to V-cmax, however the relationship is subtle, with increased sensitivity under high radiation conditions and lower V-cmax ranges. CCDAS simulates well the patterns of satellite-measured SIF suggesting the combined model is capable of ingesting the data. CCDAS supports the idealized sensitivity tests of SCOPE, with SIF exhibiting sensitivity to C-ab and incoming radiation, both of which are treated as perfectly known in previous CCDAS versions. These results demonstrate the need for careful consideration of C-ab and incoming radiation when interpreting SIF and the limitations of utilizing SIF to constrain V-cmax in the present set-up in the CCDAS system. C1 [Koffi, E. N.] Ormes Merisiers, LSCE, UMR8212, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Rayner, P. J.; Norton, A. J.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Frankenberg, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Scholze, M.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden. RP Koffi, EN (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Va, Italy. EM ernest.koffi@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Scholze, Marko/N-4573-2014; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013; OI Scholze, Marko/0000-0002-3474-5938; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Norton, Alexander/0000-0001-7708-3914 FU Australian Professorial Fellowship [DP1096309] FX Rayner is in receipt of an Australian Professorial Fellowship (DP1096309). We are grateful to Christiaan van der Tol for providing the model SCOPE and his initial support. We are also grateful to both Timo Vesala and Dario Papale for providing FLUXNET data at the stations Hyytiala and Roccarespampani 1, respectively. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 13 BP 4067 EP 4084 DI 10.5194/bg-12-4067-2015 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CM8UY UT WOS:000357978900009 ER PT S AU Ting, DZ Soibel, A Hoglund, L Hill, CJ Khoshakhlagh, A Keo, SA Fisher, AM Luong, EM Liu, JK Mumolo, JM Rafol, SB Gunapala, SD AF Ting, David Z. Soibel, Alexander Hoeglund, Linda Hill, Cory J. Khoshakhlagh, Arezou Keo, Sam A. Fisher, Anita M. Luong, Edward M. Liu, John K. Mumolo, Jason M. Rafol, Sir B. Gunapala, Sarath D. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Hanson, CM Norton, PR TI Carrier transport in unipolar barrier infrared detectors SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XLI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE infrared detector; nBn; unipolar barrier; type-II superlattice; conductivity effective mass ID PHOTODETECTORS; SUPERLATTICES; HGCDTE AB We examine carrier transport in unipolar barrier infrared photodetectors and discuss aspects of barrier, contact, and absorber properties that can affect minority carrier collection. In a barrier infrared detector the unipolar barrier should block only the majority carriers while allowing the un-impeded flow of the minority carriers. Under the right conditions, unipolar barrier doping can reduce generation-recombination dark current without affecting minority carrier extraction. In an nBn structure, ideally with an electron unipolar barrier, improper barrier doping or barrier-absorber valence band offset could also block minority carriers and result in higher turn-on bias. We also examined the temperature-dependent turn-on bias in an n(+)Bn device and showed that observed behavior may be attributed to contact doping. Hole mobility in n-doped type-II superlattice (T2SL) is believed to be very low because of the extremely large effective mass along the growth direction. In practice MWIR and LWIR barrier infrared detectors with n-type T2SL absorbers have demonstrated good optical response. A closer inspection of the T2SL band structure offers a possible explanation as to why the hole mobility may not be as poor as suggested by the simple effective mass picture. C1 [Ting, David Z.; Soibel, Alexander; Hoeglund, Linda; Hill, Cory J.; Khoshakhlagh, Arezou; Keo, Sam A.; Fisher, Anita M.; Luong, Edward M.; Liu, John K.; Mumolo, Jason M.; Rafol, Sir B.; Gunapala, Sarath D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Infrared Photodetectors, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ting, DZ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Infrared Photodetectors, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-567-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9451 AR 94510P DI 10.1117/12.2177549 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0QG UT WOS:000357568500019 ER PT B AU Wolpe, PR AF Wolpe, Paul Root BE Dorff, EN Zoloth, L TI Genetic Testing in the Jewish Community SO JEWS AND GENES: THE GENETIC FUTURE IN CONTEMPORARY JEWISH THOUGHT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ETHICS C1 [Wolpe, Paul Root] Emory Univ, Bioeth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Wolpe, Paul Root] Emory Univ, Jewish Bioeth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Wolpe, Paul Root] Emory Univ, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Wolpe, Paul Root] Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Wolpe, Paul Root] Emory Univ, Dept Psychiat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Wolpe, Paul Root] Emory Univ, Dept Sociol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Wolpe, Paul Root] Emory Univ, Ctr Eth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Wolpe, Paul Root] NASA, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Wolpe, Paul Root] Amer Soc Bioeth & Humanities, New York, NY USA. [Wolpe, Paul Root] Coll Phys Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Wolpe, Paul Root] Hastings Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Wolpe, Paul Root] Planned Parenthood Federat Amer, Washington, DC USA. RP Wolpe, PR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Bioeth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NEBRASKA PRESS PI LINCOLN PA 1111 LINCOLN MALL, LINCOLN, NE 68588-0630 USA BN 978-0-8276-1194-8; 978-0-8276-1224-2 PY 2015 BP 201 EP 214 PG 14 WC Religion SC Religion GA BC8RF UT WOS:000356017300013 ER PT S AU Tang, A AF Tang, Adrian BE George, T Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI CMOS mm-wave System-on-Chip for Sensing and Communication SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications VII CY APR 20-24, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE CMOS Circuit; mm-wave; communication; SoC AB CMOS technology offers relatively low performance at mm-wave frequencies compared with other III-V technologies and the high levels of process variation further exacerbate design margins. This paper discusses several CMOS system-on-chips (SoCs) developed by JPL through collaboration with UCLA that use a self-healing approach to optimize mm-wave transceiver performance, as well as calibrate operation at runtime. Several applications will be discussed for mm-wave spectroscopy, radar, and communication systems, with SoCs demonstrated at V, W and D band. C1 [Tang, Adrian] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Tang, Adrian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tang, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-583-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9467 AR 94672D DI 10.1117/12.2177613 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BD0IX UT WOS:000357259000055 ER PT S AU Zirbel, SA Trease, BP Thomson, MW Lang, RJ Magleby, SP Howell, LH AF Zirbel, Shannon A. Trease, Brian P. Thomson, Mark W. Lang, Robert J. Magleby, Spencer P. Howell, Larry H. BE George, T Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI HanaFlex: A Large Solar Array for Space Applications SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications VII CY APR 20-24, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Solar array; origami-inspired design ID POWER SATELLITE; SYSTEM AB HanaFlex is a new method for deployment from a compact folded form to a large array derived from the origami flasher folding pattern. One of the unique features of this model is that the height constraints of the stowed array do not limit the deployed diameter. Additional rings can be added to increase the deployed diameter while only minimally increasing the stowed diameter. Larger solar arrays may enable longer missions in space, manned missions to distant destinations, or clean energy sources for Earth. The novel folding design of the HanaFlex array introduces many new possibilities for space exploration. This paper demonstrates the performance of the HanaFlex array in four areas: deployed stiffness, deployed strength, stowed volume specific power, and mass specific power. C1 [Zirbel, Shannon A.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Trease, Brian P.; Thomson, Mark W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lang, Robert J.] Lang Origami, Alamo, CA 94507 USA. [Magleby, Spencer P.; Howell, Larry H.] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Howell, LH (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM lhowell@byu.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-583-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9467 AR 94671C DI 10.1117/12.2177730 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BD0IX UT WOS:000357259000025 ER PT S AU Ely, J Nguyen, T Wilson, J Brown, R Laughter, S Teets, E Parker, A Chan, HM Richards, L AF Ely, Jay Truong Nguyen Wilson, Jennifer Brown, Robert Laughter, Sean Teets, Ed Parker, Allen Chan, ''Patrick'' Hon Man Richards, Lance BE Karlsen, RE Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM Gerhart, GR TI Establishing a Disruptive New Capability for NASA to Fly UAV's into Hazardous Conditions SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XVII CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE UAV; Lightning; Volcanic Ash; Faraday; Fiber-Optic; Weather; Environment AB A 2015 NASA Aeronautics Mission "Seedling" Proposal is described for a Severe-Environment UAV (SE-UAV) that can perform in-situ measurements in hazardous atmospheric conditions like lightning, volcanic ash and radiation. Specifically, this paper describes the design of a proof-of-concept vehicle and measurement system that can survive lightning attachment during flight operations into thunderstorms. Elements from three NASA centers draw together for the SE-UAV concept. 1) The NASA KSC Genesis UAV was developed in collaboration with the DARPA Nimbus program to measure electric field and X-rays present within thunderstorms. 2) A novel NASA LaRC fiber-optic sensor uses Faraday-effect polarization rotation to measure total lightning electric current on an air vehicle fuselage. 3) NASA AFRC's state-of-the-art Fiber Optics and Systems Integration Laboratory is envisioned to transition the Faraday system to a compact, light-weight, all-fiber design. The SE-UAV will provide in-flight lightning electric-current return stroke and recoil leader data, and serve as a platform for development of emerging sensors and new missions into hazardous environments. NASA's Aeronautics and Science Missions are interested in a capability to perform in-situ volcanic plume measurements and long-endurance UAV operations in various weather conditions. (Figure 1 shows an artist concept of a SE-UAV flying near a volcano.) This paper concludes with an overview of the NASA Aeronautics Strategic Vision, Programs, and how a SE-UAV is envisioned to impact them. The SE-UAV concept leverages high-value legacy research products into a new capability for NASA to fly a pathfinder UAV into hazardous conditions, and is presented in the SPIE DSS venue to explore teaming, collaboration and advocacy opportunities outside NASA. C1 [Ely, Jay; Truong Nguyen; Laughter, Sean] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Wilson, Jennifer; Brown, Robert] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Teets, Ed; Parker, Allen; Chan, ''Patrick'' Hon Man; Richards, Lance] NASA, Armstrong Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Ely, J (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM jay.j.ely@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-584-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9468 AR 94680S DI 10.1117/12.2185215 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BD0SE UT WOS:000357636900022 ER PT J AU Emmons, LK Arnold, SR Monks, SA Huijnen, V Tilmes, S Law, KS Thomas, JL Raut, JC Bouarar, I Turquety, S Long, Y Duncan, B Steenrod, S Strode, S Flemming, J Mao, J Langner, J Thompson, AM Tarasick, D Apel, EC Blake, DR Cohen, RC Dibb, J Diskin, GS Fried, A Hall, SR Huey, LG Weinheimer, AJ Wisthaler, A Mikoviny, T Nowak, J Peischl, J Roberts, JM Ryerson, T Warneke, C Helmig, D AF Emmons, L. K. Arnold, S. R. Monks, S. A. Huijnen, V. Tilmes, S. Law, K. S. Thomas, J. L. Raut, J. -C. Bouarar, I. Turquety, S. Long, Y. Duncan, B. Steenrod, S. Strode, S. Flemming, J. Mao, J. Langner, J. Thompson, A. M. Tarasick, D. Apel, E. C. Blake, D. R. Cohen, R. C. Dibb, J. Diskin, G. S. Fried, A. Hall, S. R. Huey, L. G. Weinheimer, A. J. Wisthaler, A. Mikoviny, T. Nowak, J. Peischl, J. Roberts, J. M. Ryerson, T. Warneke, C. Helmig, D. TI The POLARCAT Model Intercomparison Project (POLMIP): overview and evaluation with observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT MODEL; ARCTIC TROPOSPHERE; LIGHTNING PARAMETERIZATION; VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AB A model intercomparison activity was inspired by the large suite of observations of atmospheric composition made during the International Polar Year (2008) in the Arctic. Nine global and two regional chemical transport models participated in this intercomparison and performed simulations for 2008 using a common emissions inventory to assess the differences in model chemistry and transport schemes. This paper summarizes the models and compares their simulations of ozone and its precursors and presents an evaluation of the simulations using a variety of surface, balloon, aircraft and satellite observations. Each type of measurement has some limitations in spatial or temporal coverage or in composition, but together they assist in quantifying the limitations of the models in the Arctic and surrounding regions. Despite using the same emissions, large differences are seen among the models. The cloud fields and photolysis rates are shown to vary greatly among the models, indicating one source of the differences in the simulated chemical species. The largest differences among models, and between models and observations, are in NOy partitioning (PAN vs. HNO3) and in oxygenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as acetaldehyde and acetone. Comparisons to surface site measurements of ethane and propane indicate that the emissions of these species are significantly underestimated. Satellite observations of NO2 from the OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) have been used to evaluate the models over source regions, indicating anthropogenic emissions are underestimated in East Asia, but fire emissions are generally overestimated. The emission factors for wildfires in Canada are evaluated using the correlations of VOCs to CO in the model output in comparison to enhancement factors derived from aircraft observations, showing reasonable agreement for methanol and acetaldehyde but underestimate ethanol, propane and acetone, while overestimating ethane emission factors. C1 [Emmons, L. K.; Tilmes, S.; Apel, E. C.; Hall, S. R.; Weinheimer, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Arnold, S. R.; Monks, S. A.] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Huijnen, V.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Law, K. S.; Thomas, J. L.; Raut, J. -C.; Bouarar, I.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,INSU,LATMOS IPSL,UMR8190, Paris, France. [Turquety, S.; Long, Y.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Meteorol Dynam, IPSL,UMR8539, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Duncan, B.; Steenrod, S.; Strode, S.; Thompson, A. M.] NASA Goddard, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Flemming, J.] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. [Mao, J.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Mao, J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Langner, J.] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Tarasick, D.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dibb, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Chem & Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Fried, A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Huey, L. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.] Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Nowak, J.; Peischl, J.; Roberts, J. M.; Ryerson, T.; Warneke, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Helmig, D.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Strode, S.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Emmons, LK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM emmons@ucar.edu RI Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Raut, Jean-Christophe/G-3946-2016; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; OI Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Raut, Jean-Christophe/0000-0002-3552-2437; Arnold, Steve/0000-0002-4881-5685; Huijnen, Vincent/0000-0002-2814-8475; MONKS, SARAH/0000-0003-3474-027X; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692 FU NASA [NNX08AD29G]; French Agence National de Recherche (ANR) CLIMSLIP project; CNRS-LEFE; ANR; CNES; GENCI-IDRIS [2014-017141]; European Commission [218793]; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency [NV-09414-12]; Swedish Climate and Clean Air research program, SCAC; BMVIT-FFG/ALR; NOAA Climate and Health of the Atmosphere programs; NOAA Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310071]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Science Mission Directorate, Tropospheric Composition Program [NNX08AD22G]; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy FX The numerous individuals who provided observations used in this study are gratefully acknowledged, including William H. Brune, Jingqiu Mao, Xinrong Ren, and David Shelow of Pennsylvania State University for the ARCTAS DC8 LIF OH measurements; Paul Wennberg and John Crounse of California Institute of Technology for the ARCTAS DC8 CIT-CIMS data (supported by NASA award NNX08AD29G); Steve Montzka of NOAA/ESRL/GMD for NOAA P3 flask samples of propane during ARCPAC; Joost de Gouw of NOAA/ESRL/CSD for ARCPAC PTRMS VOC observations; and John Holloway of NOAA/ESRL/CSD for ARCPAC CO and SO2 (UV fluorescence) measurements.; The GEOS-5 data used with CAM-chem in this study have been provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. We acknowledge the free use of tropospheric NO2 column data from the OMI sensor from www.temis.nl. French co-authors acknowledge funding from the French Agence National de Recherche (ANR) CLIMSLIP project and CNRS-LEFE. POLARCAT-France was supported by ANR, CNRS-LEFE and CNES. This work was performed in part using HPC resources from GENCI-IDRIS (grant 2014-017141). V. Huijnen acknowledges funding from the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (contract number 218793). Contributions by SMHI were funded by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency under contract NV-09414-12 and through the Swedish Climate and Clean Air research program, SCAC. A. Wisthaler acknowledges support from BMVIT-FFG/ALR. ARCPAC was supported in part by the NOAA Climate and Health of the Atmosphere programs. J. Mao acknowledges the NOAA Climate Program Office's grant NA13OAR4310071. L. K. Emmons acknowledges support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under award no. NNX08AD22G issued through the Science Mission Directorate, Tropospheric Composition Program. The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is funded by the National Science Foundation. NR 92 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 6721 EP 6744 DI 10.5194/acp-15-6721-2015 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZC UT WOS:000357117500011 ER PT J AU Jiang, Z Jones, DBA Worden, J Worden, HM Henze, DK Wang, YX AF Jiang, Z. Jones, D. B. A. Worden, J. Worden, H. M. Henze, D. K. Wang, Y. X. TI Regional data assimilation of multi-spectral MOPITT observations of CO over North America SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOS-CHEM MODEL; METHANE EMISSIONS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; TRANSPORT; INVERSION; IMPACT; TES; UNCERTAINTIES AB Chemical transport models (CTMs) driven with high-resolution meteorological fields can better resolve small-scale processes, such as frontal lifting or deep convection, and thus improve the simulation and emission estimates of tropospheric trace gases. In this work, we explore the use of the GEOS-Chem four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation system with the nested high-resolution version of the model (0.5A degrees x 0.67A degrees) to quantify North American CO emissions during the period of June 2004-May 2005. With optimized lateral boundary conditions, regional inversion analyses can reduce the sensitivity of the CO source estimates to errors in long-range transport and in the distributions of the hydroxyl radical (OH), the main sink for CO. To further limit the potential impact of discrepancies in chemical aging of air in the free troposphere, associated with errors in OH, we use surface-level multispectral MOPITT (Measurement of Pollution in The Troposphere) CO retrievals, which have greater sensitivity to CO near the surface and reduced sensitivity in the free troposphere, compared to previous versions of the retrievals. We estimate that the annual total anthropogenic CO emission from the contiguous US 48 states was 97 Tg CO, a 14 % increase from the 85 Tg CO in the a priori. This increase is mainly due to enhanced emissions around the Great Lakes region and along the west coast, relative to the a priori. Sensitivity analyses using different OH fields and lateral boundary conditions suggest a possible error, associated with local North American OH distribution, in these emission estimates of 20 % during summer 2004, when the CO lifetime is short. This 20 % OH-related error is 50 % smaller than the OH-related error previously estimated for North American CO emissions using a global inversion analysis. We believe that reducing this OH-related error further will require integrating additional observations to provide a strong constraint on the CO distribution across the domain. Despite these limitations, our results show the potential advantages of combining high-resolution regional inversion analyses with global analyses to better quantify regional CO source estimates. C1 [Jiang, Z.; Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Jiang, Z.; Worden, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Worden, H. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Henze, D. K.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wang, Y. X.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Wang, Y. X.] Tsinghua Univ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Minist Educ,Inst Global Change Studies, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Jiang, Z (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM zhe.jiang@jpl.nasa.gov RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 FU Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency; NASA [NNX10AT42G, NNX11AI54G] FX This work was supported by funding from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canadian Space Agency, and NASA grants NNX10AT42G and NNX11AI54G. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 6801 EP 6814 DI 10.5194/acp-15-6801-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZC UT WOS:000357117500016 ER PT J AU Nedoluha, GE Boyd, IS Parrish, A Gomez, RM Allen, DR Froidevaux, L Connor, BJ Querel, RR AF Nedoluha, G. E. Boyd, I. S. Parrish, A. Gomez, R. M. Allen, D. R. Froidevaux, L. Connor, B. J. Querel, R. R. TI Unusual stratospheric ozone anomalies observed in 22 years of measurements from Lauder, New Zealand SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SAGE-II; TRACE CONSTITUENTS; DATA SET; VALIDATION; TRENDS; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT; PROFILE; HALOE; MODEL AB The Microwave Ozone Profiling Instrument (MOPI1) has provided ozone (O-3) profiles for the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) at Lauder, New Zealand (45.0A degrees S, 169.7A degrees E), since 1992. We present the entire 22-year data set and compare with satellite O-3 observations. We study in detail two particularly interesting variations in O-3. The first is a large positive O-3 anomaly that occurs in the mid-stratosphere ( 10-30 hPa) in June 2001, which is caused by an anticyclonic circulation that persists for several weeks over Lauder. This O-3 anomaly is associated with the most equatorward June average tracer equivalent latitude (TrEL) over the 36-year period (1979-2014) for which the Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis is available. A second, longer-lived feature, is a positive O-3 anomaly in the mid-stratosphere (10 hPa) from mid-2009 until mid-2013. Coincident measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) show that these high O-3 mixing ratios are well correlated with high nitrous oxide (N2O) mixing ratios. This correlation suggests that the high O-3 over this 4-year period is driven by unusual dynamics. The beginning of the high O-3 and high N2O period at Lauder (and throughout this latitude band) occurs nearly simultaneously with a sharp decrease in O-3 and N2O at the equator, and the period ends nearly simultaneously with a sharp increase in O-3 and N2O at the equator. C1 [Nedoluha, G. E.; Gomez, R. M.; Allen, D. R.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Boyd, I. S.; Connor, B. J.] BC Sci Consulting LLC, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Parrish, A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Froidevaux, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Querel, R. R.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. RP Nedoluha, GE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nedoluha@nrl.navy.mil RI Querel, Richard/D-3770-2015 OI Querel, Richard/0000-0001-8792-2486 FU NASA under the Upper Atmosphere Research Program; Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We especially thank M. Kotkamp and A. Thomas for their long-term support of the MOPI instrument at Lauder. This project was funded by NASA under the Upper Atmosphere Research Program, by the Naval Research Laboratory, and by the Office of Naval Research. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. MLS and HALOE data are available from the NASA Goddard Earth Science Data Information and Services Center (acdisc.gsfc.nasa.gov). NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 6817 EP 6826 DI 10.5194/acp-15-6817-2015 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZC UT WOS:000357117500018 ER PT J AU Hopfner, M Boone, CD Funke, B Glatthor, N Grabowski, U Gunther, A Kellmann, S Kiefer, M Linden, A Lossow, S Pumphrey, HC Read, WG Roiger, A Stiller, G Schlager, H von Clarmann, T Wissmuller, K AF Hoepfner, M. Boone, C. D. Funke, B. Glatthor, N. Grabowski, U. Guenther, A. Kellmann, S. Kiefer, M. Linden, A. Lossow, S. Pumphrey, H. C. Read, W. G. Roiger, A. Stiller, G. Schlager, H. von Clarmann, T. Wissmueller, K. TI Sulfur dioxide (SO2) from MIPAS in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere 2002-2012 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRACE GAS MEASUREMENTS; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; VOLCANIC SO2; ARCTIC TROPOSPHERE; MASS-SPECTROMETER; IASI MEASUREMENTS; POLLUTION PLUME; 2007 ERUPTION; AEROSOL; RETRIEVAL AB Vertically resolved distributions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) with global coverage in the height region from the upper troposphere to 20 km altitude have been derived from observations by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on Envisat for the period July 2002 to April 2012. Retrieved volume mixing ratio profiles representing single measurements are characterized by typical errors in the range of 70-100 pptv and by a vertical resolution ranging from 3 to 5 km. Comparison with observations by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier transform spectrometer (ACE-FTS) revealed a slightly varying bias with altitude of -20 to 50 pptv for the MIPAS data set in case of volcanically enhanced concentrations. For background concentrations the comparison showed a systematic difference between the two major MIPAS observation periods. After debiasing, the difference could be reduced to biases within -10 to 20 pptv in the altitude range of 10-20 km with respect to ACE-FTS. Further comparisons of the debiased MIPAS data set with in situ measurements from various aircraft campaigns showed no obvious inconsistencies within a range of around +/- 50 pptv. The SO2 emissions of more than 30 volcanic eruptions could be identified in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). Emitted SO2 masses and lifetimes within different altitude ranges in the UTLS have been derived for a large part of these eruptions. Masses are in most cases within estimations derived from other instruments. From three of the major eruptions within the MIPAS measurement period - Kasatochi in August 2008, Sarychev in June 2009 and Nabro in June 2011 - derived lifetimes of SO2 for the altitude ranges 10-14, 14-18 and 18-22 km are 13.3 +/- 2.1, 23.6 +/- 1.2 and 32.3 +/- 5.5 days respectively. By omitting periods with obvious volcanic influence we have derived background mixing ratio distributions of SO2. At 10 km altitude these indicate an annual cycle at northern mid- and high latitudes with maximum values in summer and an amplitude of about 30 pptv. At higher altitudes of about 16-18 km, enhanced mixing ratios of SO2 can be found in the regions of the Asian and the North American monsoons in summer - a possible connection to an aerosol layer discovered by Vernier et al. (2011b) in that region. C1 [Hoepfner, M.; Glatthor, N.; Grabowski, U.; Guenther, A.; Kellmann, S.; Kiefer, M.; Linden, A.; Lossow, S.; Stiller, G.; von Clarmann, T.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Boone, C. D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Funke, B.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Pumphrey, H. C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Read, W. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Roiger, A.; Schlager, H.; Wissmueller, K.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. RP Hopfner, M (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM michael.hoepfner@kit.edu RI Funke, Bernd/C-2162-2008; Hopfner, Michael/A-7255-2013 OI Funke, Bernd/0000-0003-0462-4702; Hopfner, Michael/0000-0002-4174-9531 FU DLR project ESMVal; DLR project VolcATS; European Community within the StratoClim project [603557]; Canadian Space Agency; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Open Access Publishing Fund of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology FX H. Schlager, A. Roiger and K. Wissmuller acknowledge support by the DLR projects ESMVal and VolcATS. This work was supported by the European Community within the StratoClim project (grant no. 603557). We acknowledge provision of MIPAS level-1b calibrated spectra by ESA, meteorological data by ECMWF and data on volcanic activity by the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and by NASA's Global Sulfur Dioxide Monitoring home page. Funding for the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment is provided by the Canadian Space Agency. We acknowledge support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Open Access Publishing Fund of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 7017 EP 7037 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7017-2015 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZC UT WOS:000357117500032 ER PT J AU Turner, AJ Jacob, DJ Wecht, KJ Maasakkers, JD Lundgren, E Andrews, AE Biraud, SC Boesch, H Bowman, KW Deutscher, NM Dubey, MK Griffith, DWT Hase, F Kuze, A Notholt, J Ohyama, H Parker, R Payne, VH Sussmann, R Sweeney, C Velazco, VA Warneke, T Wennberg, PO Wunch, D AF Turner, A. J. Jacob, D. J. Wecht, K. J. Maasakkers, J. D. Lundgren, E. Andrews, A. E. Biraud, S. C. Boesch, H. Bowman, K. W. Deutscher, N. M. Dubey, M. K. Griffith, D. W. T. Hase, F. Kuze, A. Notholt, J. Ohyama, H. Parker, R. Payne, V. H. Sussmann, R. Sweeney, C. Velazco, V. A. Warneke, T. Wennberg, P. O. Wunch, D. TI Estimating global and North American methane emissions with high spatial resolution using GOSAT satellite data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLUMN OBSERVING NETWORK; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE MEASUREMENTS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; AIRCRAFT CAMPAIGN; GREENHOUSE GASES; MOLE FRACTION; AVERAGED CH4 AB We use 2009-2011 space-borne methane observations from the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) to estimate global and North American methane emissions with 4A degrees x 5A degrees and up to 50 km x 50 km spatial resolution, respectively. GEOS-Chem and GOSAT data are first evaluated with atmospheric methane observations from surface and tower networks (NOAA/ESRL, TCCON) and aircraft (NOAA/ESRL, HIPPO), using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model as a platform to facilitate comparison of GOSAT with in situ data. This identifies a high-latitude bias between the GOSAT data and GEOS-Chem that we correct via quadratic regression. Our global adjoint-based inversion yields a total methane source of 539 Tg a(-1) with some important regional corrections to the EDGARv4.2 inventory used as a prior. Results serve as dynamic boundary conditions for an analytical inversion of North American methane emissions using radial basis functions to achieve high resolution of large sources and provide error characterization. We infer a US anthropogenic methane source of 40.2-42.7 Tg a(-1), as compared to 24.9-27.0 Tg a(-1) in the EDGAR and EPA bottom-up inventories, and 30.0-44.5 Tg a(-1) in recent inverse studies. Our estimate is supported by independent surface and aircraft data and by previous inverse studies for California. We find that the emissions are highest in the southern-central US, the Central Valley of California, and Florida wetlands; large isolated point sources such as the US Four Corners also contribute. Using prior information on source locations, we attribute 29-44 % of US anthropogenic methane emissions to livestock, 22-31 % to oil/gas, 20 % to landfills/wastewater, and 11-15 % to coal. Wetlands contribute an additional 9.0-10.1 Tg a(-1). C1 [Turner, A. J.; Jacob, D. J.; Maasakkers, J. D.; Lundgren, E.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jacob, D. J.; Wecht, K. J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Andrews, A. E.; Sweeney, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Biraud, S. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boesch, H.; Parker, R.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Earth Observat Sci Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Boesch, H.; Parker, R.] Univ Leicester, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leicester, Leics, England. [Bowman, K. W.; Payne, V. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Deutscher, N. M.; Griffith, D. W. T.; Velazco, V. A.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Deutscher, N. M.; Notholt, J.; Warneke, T.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Dubey, M. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Hase, F.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK ASF, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Kuze, A.; Ohyama, H.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Ohyama, H.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Sussmann, R.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wennberg, P. O.; Wunch, D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Turner, AJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM aturner@fas.harvard.edu RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Velazco, Voltaire/H-2280-2011; Boesch, Hartmut/G-6021-2012; Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; KUZE, AKIHIKO/J-2074-2016; Sussmann, Ralf/K-3999-2012; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016 OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Velazco, Voltaire/0000-0002-1376-438X; Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; KUZE, AKIHIKO/0000-0001-5415-3377; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X FU NASA Carbon Monitoring System; Department of Energy (DOE) Computational Science Graduate Fellowship (CSGF); California Energy Commission's Natural Gas Program [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NASA; UK National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO); ESA Climate Change Initiative (ESA GHG-CCI); NASA [NNX11AG01G, NAG5-12247, NNG05-GD07G]; NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program; EU project InGOS; EU project ICOS-INWIRE; Senate of Bremen; Australian Research Council [DP0879468, LP0562346]; EC within the INGOS project; New Zealand Foundation of Research Science and Technology [CO1X0204, CO1X0703, CO1X0406]; NIWA's Atmosphere Research Programme 3 [2011/13]; LANL-LDRD [20110081DR]; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [A-1102]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM), ARM Aerial Facility [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program FX This work was supported by the NASA Carbon Monitoring System and a Department of Energy (DOE) Computational Science Graduate Fellowship (CSGF) to A. J. Turner. We also thank the Harvard SEAS Academic Computing center for access to computing resources. Special thanks to S. C. Wofsy for providing HIPPO aircraft data, and J. B. Miller and M. Parker for providing NOAA/ESRL Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network data. We thank M. L. Fischer and the CALGEM team at LBNL for their contributions to data collection at tower sites in central California as supported by the California Energy Commission's Natural Gas Program through a grant to the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. R. Parker and H. Boesch acknowledge funding from the UK National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) and the ESA Climate Change Initiative (ESA GHG-CCI). TCCON data at Park Falls, Lamont, and JPL is funded by NASA grants NNX11AG01G, NAG5-12247 and NNG05-GD07G, and the NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program. We are grateful to the DOE ARM program for technical support in Lamont and J. Ayers for technical support in Park Falls. TCCON data from Bialystok and Bremen is funded by the EU projects InGOS and ICOS-INWIRE, and by the Senate of Bremen. TCCON data from Darwin is funded by NASA grants NAG5-12247 and NNG05-GD07G and the Australian Research Council, DP0879468 and LP0562346. We are grateful to the DOE ARM program for technical support in Darwin. Garmisch TCCON work has been performed as part of the ESA GHG-cci project via subcontract with the University of Bremen. In addition, we acknowledge funding by the EC within the INGOS project. From 2004 to 2011 the Lauder TCCON program was funded by the New Zealand Foundation of Research Science and Technology contracts CO1X0204, CO1X0703 and CO1X0406. Since 2011, the program has been funded by NIWA's Atmosphere Research Programme 3 (2011/13 Statement of Corporate Intent). M. K. Dubey thanks LANL-LDRD for funding 20110081DR for monitoring at Four Corners. We thank B. Henderson (LANL) for help with retrievals at Four Corners. A part of work at JAXA was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (A-1102) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. Observations collected in the Southern Great plains were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM), ARM Aerial Facility, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program. HIPPO aircraft data are available at http://hippo.ornl.gov, TCCON data are available at http://tccon.ornl.gov, and NOAA/ESRL Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network data are available at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/flask.php. NR 76 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 11 U2 58 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 7049 EP 7069 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7049-2015 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZC UT WOS:000357117500034 ER PT J AU Nisantzi, A Mamouri, RE Ansmann, A Schuster, GL Hadjimitsis, DG AF Nisantzi, A. Mamouri, R. E. Ansmann, A. Schuster, G. L. Hadjimitsis, D. G. TI Middle East versus Saharan dust extinction-to-backscatter ratios SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; POLARIZATION LIDAR; RAMAN LIDAR; DESERT-DUST; SAMUM 2006; METHODOLOGY; AERONET; CLASSIFICATION AB Four years (2010-2013) of observations with polarization lidar and sun/sky photometer at the combined European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) site of Limassol (34.7A degrees N, 33A degrees E), Cyprus, were used to compare extinction-to-backscatter ratios (lidar ratios) for desert dust from Middle East deserts and the Sahara. In an earlier article, we analyzed one case only and found comparably low lidar ratios < 40 sr for Middle East dust. The complex data analysis scheme is presented. The quality of the retrieval is checked within a case study by comparing the results with respective Raman lidar solutions for particle backscatter, extinction, and lidar ratio. The applied combined lidar/photometer retrievals corroborate recent findings regarding the difference between Middle East and Saharan dust lidar ratios. We found values from 43-65 sr with a mean (+/- standard deviation) of 53 +/- 6 sr for Saharan dust and from 33-48 sr with a mean of 41 +/- 4 sr for Middle East dust for the wavelength of 532 nm. The presented data analysis, however, also demonstrates the difficulties in identifying the optical properties of dust even during outbreak situations in the presence of complex aerosol mixtures of desert dust, marine particles, fire smoke, and anthropogenic haze. C1 [Nisantzi, A.; Mamouri, R. E.; Hadjimitsis, D. G.] Cyprus Univ Technol, Dept Civil Engn & Geomat, Limassol, Cyprus. [Ansmann, A.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Schuster, G. L.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Nisantzi, A (reprint author), Cyprus Univ Technol, Dept Civil Engn & Geomat, Limassol, Cyprus. EM argyro.nisantzi@cut.ac.cy OI HADJIMITSIS, DIOFANTOS/0000-0002-2684-547X FU CUT Remote Sensing Laboratory; European Regional Development Fund; Republic of Cyprus through the Research Promotion Foundation [PENEK/0311/05]; European Union [262 254] FX The authors thank the CUT Remote Sensing Laboratory for their support. The work was co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund and the Republic of Cyprus through the Research Promotion Foundation (PENEK/0311/05). The research leading to these results has also received scientific support from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2011-2015) under grant agreement no. 262 254 (ACTRIS project). The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model as well for the provision of Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data used in this publication. We are also grateful to AERONET for high-quality sun/sky photometer measurements. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 7071 EP 7084 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7071-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZC UT WOS:000357117500035 ER PT J AU Wagner, NL Brock, CA Angevine, WM Beyersdorf, A Campuzano-Jost, P Day, D de Gouw, JA Diskin, GS Gordon, TD Graus, MG Holloway, JS Huey, G Jimenez, JL Lack, DA Liao, J Liu, X Markovic, MZ Middlebrook, AM Mikoviny, T Peischl, J Perring, AE Richardson, MS Ryerson, TB Schwarz, JP Warneke, C Welti, A Wisthaler, A Ziemba, LD Murphy, DM AF Wagner, N. L. Brock, C. A. Angevine, W. M. Beyersdorf, A. Campuzano-Jost, P. Day, D. de Gouw, J. A. Diskin, G. S. Gordon, T. D. Graus, M. G. Holloway, J. S. Huey, G. Jimenez, J. L. Lack, D. A. Liao, J. Liu, X. Markovic, M. Z. Middlebrook, A. M. Mikoviny, T. Peischl, J. Perring, A. E. Richardson, M. S. Ryerson, T. B. Schwarz, J. P. Warneke, C. Welti, A. Wisthaler, A. Ziemba, L. D. Murphy, D. M. TI In situ vertical profiles of aerosol extinction, mass, and composition over the southeast United States during SENEX and SEAC(4)RS: observations of a modest aerosol enhancement aloft SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; PARTICULATE MATTER MASS; OPTICAL DEPTH; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CUMULUS CLOUDS; US; ABSORPTION; PARTICLES; AIRCRAFT AB Vertical profiles of submicron aerosol from in situ aircraft-based measurements were used to construct aggregate profiles of chemical, microphysical, and optical properties. These vertical profiles were collected over the southeastern United States (SEUS) during the summer of 2013 as part of two separate field studies: the Southeast Nexus (SENEX) study and the Study of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC(4)RS). Shallow cumulus convection was observed during many profiles. These conditions enhance vertical transport of trace gases and aerosol and create a cloudy transition layer on top of the sub-cloud mixed layer. The trace gas and aerosol concentrations in the transition layer were modeled as a mixture with contributions from the mixed layer below and the free troposphere above. The amount of vertical mixing, or entrainment of air from the free troposphere, was quantified using the observed mixing ratio of carbon monoxide (CO). Although the median aerosol mass, extinction, and volume decreased with altitude in the transition layer, they were 10 % larger than expected from vertical mixing alone. This enhancement was likely due to secondary aerosol formation in the transition layer. Although the transition layer enhancements of the particulate sulfate and organic aerosol (OA) were both similar in magnitude, only the enhancement of sulfate was statistically significant. The column integrated extinction, or aerosol optical depth (AOD), was calculated for each individual profile, and the transition layer enhancement of extinction typically contributed less than 10 % to the total AOD. Our measurements and analysis were motivated by two recent studies that have hypothesized an enhanced layer of secondary aerosol aloft to explain the summertime enhancement of AOD (2-3 times greater than winter) over the southeastern United States. The first study attributes the layer aloft to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) while the second study speculates that the layer aloft could be SOA or secondary particulate sulfate. In contrast to these hypotheses, the modest enhancement we observed in the transition layer was not dominated by OA and was not a large fraction of the summertime AOD. C1 [Wagner, N. L.; Brock, C. A.; Angevine, W. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Gordon, T. D.; Graus, M. G.; Holloway, J. S.; Lack, D. A.; Liao, J.; Markovic, M. Z.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Peischl, J.; Perring, A. E.; Richardson, M. S.; Ryerson, T. B.; Schwarz, J. P.; Warneke, C.; Welti, A.; Murphy, D. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wagner, N. L.; Angevine, W. M.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D.; de Gouw, J. A.; Gordon, T. D.; Graus, M. G.; Holloway, J. S.; Jimenez, J. L.; Lack, D. A.; Liao, J.; Markovic, M. Z.; Peischl, J.; Perring, A. E.; Richardson, M. S.; Schwarz, J. P.; Warneke, C.; Welti, A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beyersdorf, A.; Diskin, G. S.; Ziemba, L. D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Huey, G.; Liu, X.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Mikoviny, T.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Welti, A.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Wagner, NL (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nick.wagner@noaa.gov RI schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Gordon, Timothy/H-9497-2013; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010 OI schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Gordon, Timothy/0000-0002-5128-9532; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; FU BMVIT/FFG-ALR of the Austrian Space Application Program (ASAP 8) [833451]; NASA [NNX12AC03G]; NSF [AGS-1243354]; NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program and Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycles, and Climate Program; NASA's Radiation Sciences Program [NNH12AT31I] FX We thank the NOAA WP-3D and NASA DC-8 scientists, flight crews, and support staff for their outstanding efforts in the field. In particular we would like to thank M. K. Trainer for flight planning during SENEX. Isoprene measurements during SEAC4RS were supported by BMVIT/FFG-ALR in the frame of the Austrian Space Application Program (ASAP 8, project 833451). PCJ, DAD, and JLJ measured aerosol mass and composition during SEAC4RS and were supported by NASA NNX12AC03G and NSF AGS-1243354. Additionally, the SEARCH aerosol network provided surface measurement used in overflight comparisons, and we thank Brent Holben and Brad Gingrey and their staff for establishing and maintaining the Centreville AERONET sites used in this investigation. This analysis is funded by the NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program and Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycles, and Climate Program and by NASA's Radiation Sciences Program under Award NNH12AT31I. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 7085 EP 7102 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7085-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZC UT WOS:000357117500036 ER PT J AU Smith, KE Gerakines, PA Callahan, MP AF Smith, Karen E. Gerakines, Perry A. Callahan, Michael P. TI Metabolic precursors in astrophysical ice analogs: implications for meteorites and comets SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACIDS; MURCHISON METEORITE; DIPHOSPHOPYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE; DEUTERIUM ENRICHMENT; IRRADIATION; BENZENE; BIOSYNTHESIS; HETEROCYCLES; MATTER AB We report the synthesis of complex organic compounds including nicotinic and quinolinic acid, two members involved in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthetic pathway, in irradiated astrophysical ice analogs. If delivered to Earth by meteorites and comets, these compounds may have contributed to the origin and early evolution of life. C1 [Smith, Karen E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Postdoctoral Program Administered, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gerakines, Perry A.; Callahan, Michael P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gerakines, Perry A.; Callahan, Michael P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Ctr Astrobiol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Smith, KE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Postdoctoral Program Administered, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM karen.e.smith@nasa.gov RI Gerakines, Perry/D-2226-2012 OI Gerakines, Perry/0000-0002-9667-5904 FU NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellowship; NASA; NASA Astrobiology Institute via Goddard Center for Astrobiology; NASA Cosmochemistry Program FX The authors thank T. Ward, E. Gerashchenko, and S. Brown for operation of the proton accelerator, M. Loeffler for assistance with some experimental measurements and helpful discussions, R. Hudson for helpful discussions, and three anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by a NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellowship administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA, the NASA Astrobiology Institute via the Goddard Center for Astrobiology, and the NASA Cosmochemistry Program. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 59 BP 11787 EP 11790 DI 10.1039/c5cc03272e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CM6NF UT WOS:000357804800010 PM 26107786 ER PT S AU Arthur, JJ Bailey, RE Williams, SP Prinzel, LJ Shelton, KJ Jones, DR Houston, V AF Arthur, Jarvis (Trey) J., III Bailey, Randall E. Williams, Steven P. Prinzel, Lawrence J., III Shelton, Kevin J. Jones, Denise R. Houston, Vincent BE Desjardins, DD Marasco, PL Sarma, KR Havig, PR Browne, MP Melzer, JE TI A review of head-worn display research at NASA Langley Research Center SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS IX; AND HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics IX and Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XX CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Head-Worn Display; Helmet-Mounted Display; Commercial Aviation AB NASA Langley has conducted research in the area of helmet-mounted/head-worn displays over the past 30 years. Initially, NASA Langley's research focused on military applications, but recently has conducted a line of research in the area of head-worn displays for commercial and business aircraft. This work has revolved around numerous simulation experiments as well as flight tests to develop technology and data for industry and regulatory guidance. The paper summarizes the results of NASA's helmet-mounted/head-worn display research. Of note, the work tracks progress in wearable collimated optics, head tracking, latency reduction, and weight. The research lends credence that a small, sunglasses-type form factor of the head-worn display would be acceptable to commercial pilots, and this goal is now becoming technologically feasible. The research further suggests that a head-worn display may serve as an "equivalent" Head-Up Display (HUD) with safety, operational, and cost benefits. "HUD equivalence" appears to be the economic avenue by which head-worn displays can become main-stream on the commercial and business aircraft flight deck. If this happens, NASA's research suggests that additional operational bene fits using the unique capabilities of the head-worn display can open up new operational paradigms. C1 [Arthur, Jarvis (Trey) J., III; Bailey, Randall E.; Williams, Steven P.; Prinzel, Lawrence J., III; Shelton, Kevin J.; Jones, Denise R.; Houston, Vincent] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Arthur, JJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM Trey.Arthur@nasa.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-586-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9470 AR 94700W DI 10.1117/12.2180436 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD0OE UT WOS:000357466100020 ER PT S AU Shelton, KJ Arthur, JJ Prinzel, LJ Nicholas, SN Williams, SP Bailey, RE AF Shelton, K. J. Arthur, J. J., III Prinzel, L. J., III Nicholas, S. N. Williams, S. P. Bailey, R. E. BE Desjardins, DD Marasco, PL Sarma, KR Havig, PR Browne, MP Melzer, JE TI Flight Test of a Head-Worn Display as an Equivalent-HUD for Terminal Operations SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS IX; AND HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics IX; and Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XX CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Head-Worn Display; HWD; Head-Up Display; HUD; Enhanced Vision; EV; Equivalent HUD; NextGen AB Research, development, test, and evaluation of flight deck interface technologies is being conducted by NASA to proactively identify, develop, and mature tools, methods, and technologies for improving overall aircraft safety of new and legacy vehicles operating in the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). Under NASA's Aviation Safety Program, one specific area of research is the use of small Head-Worn Displays (HWDs) as a potential equivalent display to a Head-up Display (HUD). Title 14 of the US CFR 91.175 describes a possible operational credit which can be obtained with airplane equipage of a HUD or an "equivalent"' display combined with Enhanced Vision (EV). A successful HWD implementation may provide the same safety and operational benefits as current HUD-equipped aircraft but for significantly more aircraft in which HUD installation is neither practical nor possible. A flight test was conducted to evaluate if the HWD, coupled with a head-tracker, can provide an equivalent display to a HUD. Approach and taxi testing was performed on-board NASA's experimental King Air aircraft in various visual conditions. Preliminary quantitative results indicate the HWD tested provided equivalent HUD performance, however operational issues were uncovered. The HWD showed significant potential as all of the pilots liked the increased situation awareness attributable to the HWD's unique capability of unlimited field-of-regard. C1 [Shelton, K. J.; Arthur, J. J., III; Prinzel, L. J., III; Nicholas, S. N.; Williams, S. P.; Bailey, R. E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Shelton, KJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-586-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9470 AR 94700X DI 10.1117/12.2177059 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD0OE UT WOS:000357466100021 ER PT S AU Amzajerdian, F Roback, VE Bulyshev, AE Brewster, PF Carrion, WA Pierrottet, DF Hines, GD Petway, LB Barnes, BW Noe, AM AF Amzajerdian, Farzin Roback, Vincent E. Bulyshev, Alexander E. Brewster, Paul F. Carrion, William A. Pierrottet, Diego F. Hines, Glenn D. Petway, Larry B. Barnes, Bruce W. Noe, Anna M. BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Imaging flash lidar for safe landing on solar system bodies and spacecraft rendezvous and docking SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XX; AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XX and Atmospheric Propagation XII CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Flash Lidar; Ladar; Laser Radar; ALHAT; Precision Navigation; Hazard Avoidance; Rendezvous and Docking ID SUPERRESOLUTION; RECONSTRUCTION; IMAGERY AB NASA has been pursuing flash lidar technology for autonomous, safe landing on solar system bodies and for automated rendezvous and docking. During the final stages of landing, from about 1 km to 500 m above the ground, the flash lidar can generate 3-Dimensional images of the terrain to identify hazardous features such as craters, rocks, and steep slopes. The onboard flight computer can then use the 3-D map of terrain to guide the vehicle to a safe location. As an automated rendezvous and docking sensor, the flash lidar can provide relative range, velocity, and bearing from an approaching spacecraft to another spacecraft or a space station. NASA Langley Research Center has developed and demonstrated a flash lidar sensor system capable of generating 16k pixels range images with 7 cm precision, at a 20 Hz frame rate, from a maximum slant range of 1800 m from the target area. This paper describes the lidar instrument and presents the results of recent flight tests onboard a rocket-propelled free-flyer vehicle (Morpheus) built by NASA Johnson Space Center. The flights were conducted at a simulated lunar terrain site, consisting of realistic hazard features and designated landing areas, built at NASA Kennedy Space Center specifically for this demonstration test. This paper also provides an overview of the plan for continued advancement of the flash lidar technology aimed at enhancing its performance to meet both landing and automated rendezvous and docking applications. C1 [Amzajerdian, Farzin; Roback, Vincent E.; Brewster, Paul F.; Hines, Glenn D.; Petway, Larry B.; Barnes, Bruce W.; Noe, Anna M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Bulyshev, Alexander E.] Analyt Mech Associates, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Carrion, William A.; Pierrottet, Diego F.] Coherent Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Amzajerdian, F (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-581-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9465 AR 946502 DI 10.1117/12.2178410 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0JA UT WOS:000357260200001 ER PT S AU Beyon, JY Ng, TK Davis, MJ Adams, JK Bowen, SC Fay, JJ Hutchinson, MA AF Beyon, Jeffrey Y. Ng, Tak-Kwong Davis, Mitchell J. Adams, James K. Bowen, Stephen C. Fay, James J. Hutchinson, Mark A. BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Real-Time On-Board Airborne Demonstration of High-Speed On-Board Data Processing for Science Instruments (HOPS) SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XX; AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XX; and Atmospheric Propagation XII CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE onboard; high speed; HOPS; FPGA; ACES; ASCENDS AB The project called High-Speed On-Board Data Processing for Science Instruments (HOPS) has been funded by NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Advanced Information Systems Technology (AIST) program since April, 2012. The HOPS team recently completed two flight campaigns during the summer of 2014 on two different aircrafts with two different science instruments. The first flight campaign was in July, 2014 based at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) in Hampton, VA on the NASA's HU-25 aircraft. The science instrument that flew with HOPS was Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) CarbonHawk Experiment Simulator (ACES) funded by NASA's Instrument Incubator Program (IIP). The second campaign was in August, 2014 based at NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center (AFRC) in Palmdale, CA on the NASA's DC-8 aircraft. HOPS flew with the Multifunctional Fiber Laser Lidar (MFLL) instrument developed by Excelis Inc. The goal of the campaigns was to perform an end-to-end demonstration of the capabilities of the HOPS prototype system (HOPS COTS) while running the most computationally intensive part of the ASCENDS algorithm real-time on-board. The comparison of the two flight campaigns and the results of the functionality tests of the HOPS COTS are presented in this paper. C1 [Beyon, Jeffrey Y.; Ng, Tak-Kwong; Davis, Mitchell J.; Adams, James K.; Bowen, Stephen C.; Fay, James J.; Hutchinson, Mark A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Beyon, JY (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 488, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Jeffrey.Y.Beyon@nasa.gov; T.Ng@nasa.gov; Mitchell.J.Davis@nasa.gov; James.K.Adams@nasa.gov; Stephen.C.Bowen@nasa.gov; James.J.Fay@nasa.gov; Mark.A.Hutchinson@nasa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-581-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9465 AR 94650G DI 10.1117/12.2086285 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0JA UT WOS:000357260200013 ER PT S AU Luzhansky, E Choa, FS Merritt, S Yu, A Krainak, M AF Luzhansky, Edward Choa, Fow-Sen Merritt, Scott Yu, Anthony Krainak, Michael BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Mid-IR Free-Space Optical Communication with Quantum Cascade Lasers SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XX; AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XX and Atmospheric Propagation XII CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB A free space optical communication link with simulated atmospheric turbulence investigation using un-cooled Mid-Wave Infrared (MWIR) system. Uncooled pulsed Quantum Cascade Laser was used as transmitter and photoelectromagnetic detector as receiver. For high photon efficiency and to eliminate QCL thermal effects signal was modulated at 32-ary Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) scheme. Concept enables extremely small and atmospheric propagation efficient optical communication system. C1 [Luzhansky, Edward; Choa, Fow-Sen] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Luzhansky, Edward; Merritt, Scott; Yu, Anthony; Krainak, Michael] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Luzhansky, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-581-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9465 AR 946512 DI 10.1117/12.2189315 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0JA UT WOS:000357260200025 ER PT S AU Prasad, NS Sibell, R Vetorino, S Higgins, R Tracy, A AF Prasad, Narasimha S. Sibell, Russ Vetorino, Steve Higgins, Richard Tracy, Allen BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI An all-fiber, modular, compact Wind lidar for wind sensing and wake vortex applications SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XX; AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XX; and Atmospheric Propagation XII CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Coherent wind lidar; Wake vortex; 3D hemispherical scanner; fiber seed laser; fiber amplifier AB This paper discusses an innovative, compact and eyesafe coherent lidar system developed for wind and wake vortex sensing applications. With an innovative all-fiber and modular transceiver architecture, the wind lidar system has reduced size, weight and power requirements, and provides enhanced performance along with operational elegance. This all-fiber architecture is developed around fiber seed laser coupled to uniquely configured fiber amplifier modules. The innovative features of this lidar system, besides its all fiber architecture, include pulsewidth agility and user programmable 3D hemispherical scanner unit. Operating at a wavelength of 1.5457 microns and with a PRF of up to 20 KHz, the lidar transmitter system is designed as a Class 1 system with dimensions of 30"(W) x 46"(L) x 60"(H). With an operational range exceeding 10 km, the wind lidar is configured to measure wind velocities of greater than 120 m/s with an accuracy of +/- 0.2 m/s and allow range resolution of less than 15 m. The dynamical configuration capability of transmitted pulsewidths from 50 ns to 400 ns allows high resolution wake vortex measurements. The scanner uses innovative liquid metal slip ring and is built using 3D printer technology with light weight nylon. As such, it provides continuous 360 degree azimuth and 180 degree elevation scan angles with an incremental motion of 0.001 degree. The lidar system is air cooled and requires 110 V for its operation. This compact and modular lidar system is anticipated to provide mobility, reliability, and ease of field deployment for wind and wake vortex measurements. Currently, this wind lidar is undergoing validation tests under various atmospheric conditions. Preliminary results of these field measurements of wind characteristics that were recently carried out in Colorado are discussed. C1 [Prasad, Narasimha S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Sibell, Russ; Vetorino, Steve; Higgins, Richard; Tracy, Allen] Sibelloptics, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Prasad, NS (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 5 N Dryden St,MS 468, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM narasimha.s.prasad@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-581-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9465 AR 94650C DI 10.1117/12.2181170 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0JA UT WOS:000357260200009 ER PT S AU Gerace, AD Goodenough, AA Montanaro, M Yang, J McCorkel, JT AF Gerace, Aaron D. Goodenough, Adam A. Montanaro, Matthew Yang, Jie McCorkel, Joel T. BE VelezReyes, M Kruse, FA TI The development of a DIRSIG simulation environment to support instrument trade studies for the SOLARIS sensor SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXI CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE SOLARIS; CLARREO; Inter-calibration; Cross-calibration; DIRSIG; Simulation and Modeling AB NASA Goddard's SOLARIS (Solar, Lunar for Absolute Reflectance Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensor is the calibration demonstration system for CLARREO (Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory), a mission that addresses the need to make highly accurate observations of long-term climate change trends. The SOLARIS instrument will be designed to support a primary objective of CLARREO, which is to advance the accuracy of absolute calibration for space-borne instruments in the reflected solar wavelengths. This work focuses on the development of a simulated environment to facilitate sensor trade studies to support instrument design and build for the SOLARIS sensor. Openly available data are used to generate geometrically and radiometrically realistic synthetic landscapes to serve as input to an image generation model, specifically the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) model. Recent enhancements to DIRSIG's sensor model capabilities have made it an attractive option for performing sensor trade studies. This research takes advantage of these enhancements to model key sensor characteristics (e.g., sensor noise, relative spectral response, spectral coverage, etc.) and evaluate their impact on SOLARIS's stringent 0.3% error budget for absolute calibration. A SOLARIS sensor model is developed directly from measurements provided by NASA Goddard and various synthetic landscapes generated to identify potential calibration sites once the instrument achieves orbit. The results of these experiments are presented and potential sources of error for sensor inter-calibration are identified. C1 [Gerace, Aaron D.; Goodenough, Adam A.; Montanaro, Matthew; Yang, Jie] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [McCorkel, Joel T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gerace, AD (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM gerace@cis.rit.edu RI McCorkel, Joel/D-4454-2012; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 OI McCorkel, Joel/0000-0003-2853-2036; NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-588-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9472 AR 947214 DI 10.1117/12.2177507 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0DU UT WOS:000357086800034 ER PT J AU Pokhotelov, D Rae, IJ Murphy, KR Mann, IR AF Pokhotelov, D. Rae, I. J. Murphy, K. R. Mann, I. R. TI The influence of solar wind variability on magnetospheric ULF wave power SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions; space plasma physics; waves and instabilities ID RADIATION BELT; SPEED; PULSATIONS; DEPENDENCE; FIELD; ACCELERATION; DIFFUSION; VELOCITY; STREAMS AB Magnetospheric ultra-low frequency (ULF) oscillations in the Pc 4-5 frequency range play an important role in the dynamics of Earth's radiation belts, both by enhancing the radial diffusion through incoherent interactions and through the coherent drift-resonant interactions with trapped radiation belt electrons. The statistical distributions of magnetospheric ULF wave power are known to be strongly dependent on solar wind parameters such as solar wind speed and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation. Statistical characterisation of ULF wave power in the magnetosphere traditionally relies on average solar wind-IMF conditions over a specific time period. In this brief report, we perform an alternative characterisation of the solar wind influence on magnetospheric ULF wave activity through the characterisation of the solar wind driver by its variability using the standard deviation of solar wind parameters rather than a simple time average. We present a statistical study of nearly one solar cycle (1996-2004) of geosynchronous observations of magnetic ULF wave power and find that there is significant variation in ULF wave powers as a function of the dynamic properties of the solar wind. In particular, we find that the variability in IMF vector, rather than variabilities in other parameters (solar wind density, bulk velocity and ion temperature), plays the strongest role in controlling geosynchronous ULF power. We conclude that, although time-averaged bulk properties of the solar wind are a key factor in driving ULF powers in the magnetosphere, the solar wind variability can be an important contributor as well. This highlights the potential importance of including solar wind variability especially in studies of ULF wave dynamics in order to assess the efficiency of solar wind-magnetosphere coupling. C1 [Pokhotelov, D.; Rae, I. J.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking, Surrey, England. [Murphy, K. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mann, I. R.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Pokhotelov, D (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking, Surrey, England. EM d.pokhotelov@ucl.ac.uk RI Pokhotelov, Dimitry/H-6969-2014 OI Pokhotelov, Dimitry/0000-0002-3712-0597 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/L000563/1]; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/M00886X/1, NE/L007495/1]; Canadian NSERC FX D. Pokhotelov and I. J. Rae are supported by Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) grant ST/L000563/1; I. J. Rae is also supported by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grants NE/M00886X/1 and NE/L007495/1. K. R. Murphy is funded by a Canadian NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship. We thank H. Singer and NOAA for the use of GOES magnetometer data, obtained from NASA CDAWeb (http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/). Solar wind data were obtained from NASA OMNIWeb (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/). NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2015 VL 33 IS 6 BP 697 EP 701 DI 10.5194/angeocom-33-697-2015 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZH UT WOS:000357118400007 ER PT J AU Ialongo, I Hakkarainen, J Kivi, R Anttila, P Krotkov, NA Yang, K Li, C Tukiainen, S Hassinen, S Tamminen, J AF Ialongo, I. Hakkarainen, J. Kivi, R. Anttila, P. Krotkov, N. A. Yang, K. Li, C. Tukiainen, S. Hassinen, S. Tamminen, J. TI Comparison of operational satellite SO2 products with ground-based observations in northern Finland during the Icelandic Holuhraun fissure eruption SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; VOLCANIC SULFUR-DIOXIDE; EL-CHICHON; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; OMI AB This paper shows the results of the comparison of satellite SO2 observations from OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) and OMPS (Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite) with ground-based measurements during the Icelandic Holuhraun fissure eruption in September 2014. The volcanic plume reached Finland on several days during the month of September. The SO2 total columns from the Brewer direct sun (DS) measurements in Sodankyla (67.42A degrees N, 26.59A degrees E), northern Finland, are compared to the satellite data. The operational satellite SO2 products are evaluated for high latitude conditions (e.g. large solar zenith angle, SZA). The results show that the best agreement can be found for lowest SZAs, close-to-nadir satellite pixels, cloud fraction below 0.3 and small distance between the station and the centre of the pixel. Under good retrieval conditions, the difference between satellite data and Brewer measurements remains mostly below the uncertainty on the satellite SO2 retrievals (up to about 2 DU at high latitudes). The satellite products assuming a priori profile with SO2 predominantly in the planetary boundary layer give total column values with the best agreement with the ground-based data. The analysis of the SO2 surface concentrations at four air quality stations in northern Finland shows that the volcanic plume coming from Iceland was located very close to the surface. This is connected to the fact that this was a fissure eruption and most of the SO2 was emitted into the troposphere. This is an exceptional case because the SO2 volcanic emissions directly affect the air quality levels at surface in an otherwise pristine environment like northern Finland. The time evolution of the SO2 concentrations peaks during the same days when large SO2 total column values are measured by the Brewer in Sodankyla and enhanced SO2 signal is visible over northern Finland from the satellite maps. Thus, the satellite retrievals were able to detect the spatiotemporal evolution of the volcanic plume as compared to the surface observations. Furthermore, direct-broadcast SO2 satellite data (from both OMI and OMPS instruments) are compared for the first time against ground-based observations. C1 [Ialongo, I.; Hakkarainen, J.; Tukiainen, S.; Hassinen, S.; Tamminen, J.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Earth Observat Unit, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Kivi, R.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Arctic Res Ctr, Sodankyla, Finland. [Anttila, P.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Atmospher Composit Unit, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Krotkov, N. A.; Li, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yang, K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, C.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ialongo, I (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Earth Observat Unit, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM iolanda.ialongo@fmi.fi RI Ialongo, Iolanda/E-1638-2014; Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012; Tamminen, Johanna/D-7959-2014 OI Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750; Tamminen, Johanna/0000-0003-3095-0069 FU Academy of Finland (INQUIRE project); TEKES (SPARK project); ESA (ILMA Living Planet fellowship) FX The FMI work is supported by the Academy of Finland (INQUIRE project), by TEKES (SPARK project) and by ESA (ILMA Living Planet fellowship). The standard product data are distributed through the NASA's MIRADOR website (http://mirador.gsfc.nasa.gov), while the direct-broadcast data are obtained from FMI's SAMPO service (http://sampo.fmi.fi). NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 6 BP 2279 EP 2289 DI 10.5194/amt-8-2279-2015 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZE UT WOS:000357117900004 ER PT J AU Kohler, P Guanter, L Joiner, J AF Koehler, P. Guanter, L. Joiner, J. TI A linear method for the retrieval of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence from GOME-2 and SCIAMACHY data SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SENTINEL-5 PRECURSOR; SPACE; SIMULATIONS; TROPOMI; MISSION; MODELS; SYSTEM; FIELD; GOSAT; BAND AB Global retrievals of near-infrared sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) have been achieved in the last few years by means of a number of space-borne atmospheric spectrometers. Here, we present a new retrieval method for medium spectral resolution instruments such as the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) and the SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY). Building upon the previous work by Guanter et al. (2013) and Joiner et al. (2013), our approach provides a solution for the selection of the number of free parameters. In particular, a backward elimination algorithm is applied to optimize the number of coefficients to fit, which reduces also the retrieval noise and selects the number of state vector elements automatically. A sensitivity analysis with simulated spectra has been utilized to evaluate the performance of our retrieval approach. The method has also been applied to estimate SIF at 740 nm from real spectra from GOME-2 and for the first time, from SCIAMACHY. We find a good correspondence of the absolute SIF values and the spatial patterns from the two sensors, which suggests the robustness of the proposed retrieval method. In addition, we compare our results to existing SIF data sets, examine uncertainties and use our GOME-2 retrievals to show empirically the relatively low sensitivity of the SIF retrieval to cloud contamination. C1 [Koehler, P.; Guanter, L.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Space Sci, Berlin, Germany. [Koehler, P.; Guanter, L.] German Res Ctr Geosci GFZ, Remote Sensing Sect, Potsdam, Germany. [Joiner, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kohler, P (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Space Sci, Berlin, Germany. EM philipp.koehler@gfz-potsdam.de FU Emmy Noether Programme of the German Research Foundation FX The research is funded by the Emmy Noether Programme of the German Research Foundation. With thanks to EUMETSAT to make the GOME-2 data available and ESA for providing the SCIAMACHY data. Jochem Verrelst and Luis Alonso from the University of Valencia are gratefully thanked for the reflectance and fluorescence simulations produced in the framework of the ESA FLUSS project. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 6 BP 2589 EP 2608 DI 10.5194/amt-8-2589-2015 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZE UT WOS:000357117900026 ER PT J AU Wu, L Hasekamp, O van Diedenhoven, B Cairns, B AF Wu, L. Hasekamp, O. van Diedenhoven, B. Cairns, B. TI Aerosol retrieval from multiangle, multispectral photopolarimetric measurements: importance of spectral range and angular resolution SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID VECTOR RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; RESEARCH SCANNING POLARIMETER; TRANSFER MODEL; INFORMATION-CONTENT; INTENSITY; POLARIZATION; CAPABILITIES; ATMOSPHERES; REFLECTION; OCEAN AB We investigated the importance of spectral range and angular resolution for aerosol retrieval from multiangle photopolarimetric measurements over land. For this purpose, we use an extensive set of simulated measurements for different spectral ranges and angular resolutions and subsets of real measurements of the airborne Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) carried out during the PODEX and SEAC(4)RS campaigns over the continental USA. Aerosol retrievals performed from RSP measurements show good agreement with ground-based AERONET measurements for aerosol optical depth (AOD), single scattering albedo (SSA) and refractive index. Furthermore, we found that inclusion of shortwave infrared bands (1590 and/or 2250 nm) significantly improves the retrieval of AOD, SSA and coarse mode microphysical properties. However, accuracies of the retrieved aerosol properties do not improve significantly when more than five viewing angles are used in the retrieval. C1 [Wu, L.; Hasekamp, O.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [van Diedenhoven, B.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [van Diedenhoven, B.; Cairns, B.] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. [Wu, L.] Hefei Univ Technol, Sch Comp & Informat, Hefei 230009, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Wu, L (reprint author), SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM l.wu@sron.nl OI van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan/0000-0001-5622-8619; Cairns, Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022 FU NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA Earth Science Division as part of the pre-formulation study for the Aerosol Cloud and ocean Ecosystem (ACE) mission; China Scholarship Council [201306690014] FX We wish to thank two anonymous reviewers, Matteo Ottaviani, Thibaut Lurton, and Michael Garay for their interest and valuable comments which have led to several improvements. The RSP data from the SEAC4RS and PODEX field experiments that are used in this study were funded by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program managed by Hal Maring and by the NASA Earth Science Division as part of the pre-formulation study for the Aerosol Cloud and ocean Ecosystem (ACE) mission. L. Wu was supported by a grant from the China Scholarship Council (201306690014). NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 6 BP 2625 EP 2638 DI 10.5194/amt-8-2625-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZE UT WOS:000357117900028 ER PT J AU Mittlefehldt, DW AF Mittlefehldt, David W. TI Asteroid (4) Vesta: I. The howardite-eucrite-diogenite (HED) clan of meteorites SO CHEMIE DER ERDE-GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Howardites; Eucrites; Diogenites; Vesta; Basaltic achondrites; Differentiated asteroids ID EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; MAGMA OCEAN CRYSTALLIZATION; SERRA-DE-MAGE; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE CLASTS; TRACE-ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY; PARENT BODY REGOLITH; GAS-RICH METEORITES; BASALTIC ACHONDRITES; ORTHO-PYROXENE; NOBLE-GASES AB The howardite, eucrite and diogenite (HED) clan of meteorites are ultramafic and mafic igneous rocks and impact-engendered fragmental debris derived from a thoroughly differentiated asteroid. Earth-based telescopic observation and data returned from vestan orbit by the Dawn spacecraft make a compelling case that the asteroid (4) Vesta is the parent asteroid of HEDs, although this is not universally accepted. Diogenites are petrologically diverse and include dunitic, harzburgitic and noritic lithologic types in addition to the traditional orthopyroxenites. Diogenites form the lower crust of Vesta. Cumulate eucrites are gabbroic rocks formed by accumulation of pigeonite and plagioclase from a mafic magma at depth within the crust, while basaltic eucrites are melt compositions that likely represent shallow-level dikes and sills, and flows. Some basaltic eucrites are richer in incompatible trace elements compared to most eucrites, and these may represent mixed melts contaminated by partial melts of the mafic crust. Differentiation occurred within a few Myr of formation of the earliest solids in the Solar System. Evidence from oxygen isotope compositions and siderophile element contents favor a model of extensive melting of Vesta forming a global magma ocean that rapidly (period of a few Myr) segregated and crystallized to yield a metallic core, olivine-rich mantle, orthopyroxene-rich lower crust and basaltic upper crust. The igneous lithologies were subjected to post-crystallization thermal processing, and most eucrites show textural and mineral-compositional evidence for metamorphism. The cause of this common metamorphism is unclear, but may have resulted from rapid burial of early basalts by later flows caused by high effusion rates on Vesta. The observed surface of Vesta is covered by fragmental debris resulting from impacts, and most HEDs are brecciated. Many eucrites and diogenites are monomict breccias indicating a lack of mixing. However, many HEDs are polymict breccias. Howardites are the most thoroughly mixed polymict breccias, yet only some of them contain evidence for residence in the true regolith. Based on the numbers of meteorites, compositions of howardites, and models of magma ocean solidification, cumulate eucrites and their residual ferroan mafic melts are minor components of the vestan crust. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res Off XI3, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Mittlefehldt, DW (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res Off XI3, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Div, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM david.w.mittlefehldt@nasa.gov FU NASA Cosmochemistry Program FX My career-long infatuation with HEDs and mesosiderites began as a graduate student at UCLA working under John T. Wasson. Regardless of the fact that we did not (and still do not) see eyeto-eye on several aspects of HEDs and mesosiderites, this review would not have been possible without his mentoring; special thanks to him. Collaborations and discussions with several colleagues over the years have helped me refine my thinking on HED genesis: A.W. Beck, D.D. Bogard, P.C. Buchanan, J.S. Delaney, R. Greenwood, R.H. Hewins, J.H. Jones, A.G.J. Jurewicz, K. Keil, M.M. Lindstrom, H.Y. McSween, Jr., L.E. Nyquist, H. Palme, J.J. Papike, R.G. Mayne, C.H. Shearer, H. Takeda, P.H. Warren. Seminal papers by J.-A. Barrat and A. Yamaguchi have had considerable influence on my understanding of HED meteorites. I thank these individuals for their insights. I thank B. Mandler and R. Mayne for some of the graphics used here, and K. Ross for some of the SEM BSE images used. I thank Associate Editor K. Keil for inviting me to write this review and for his handling of the manuscript. Journal reviews by J.-A. Barrat and A. Yamaguchi resulted in substantial improvements in the manuscript. Support for this work came from the NASA Cosmochemistry Program. NR 262 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0009-2819 EI 1611-5864 J9 CHEM ERDE-GEOCHEM JI Chem Erde-Geochem. PY 2015 VL 75 IS 2 BP 155 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.chemer.2014.08.002 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CL8OE UT WOS:000357233200001 ER PT S AU Broadway, DM Weimer, J Gurgew, D Lis, T Ramsey, BD O'Dell, SL Gubarev, M Ames, A Bruni, R AF Broadway, David M. Weimer, Jeffrey Gurgew, Danielle Lis, Tomasz Ramsey, Brian D. O'Dell, Stephen L. Gubarev, Mikhail Ames, A. Bruni, R. BE Hudec, R Pina, L TI Achieving zero stress in iridium, chromium, and nickel thin films SO EUV AND X-RAY OPTICS: SYNERGY BETWEEN LABORATORY AND SPACE IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV and X-ray Optics - Synergy between Laboratory and Space IV CY APR 13-14, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE x-ray space telescopes; soft x-ray optical coatings; in-situ measurement of film stress; thin film characterization; zero stress iridium thin films ID INTRINSIC STRESS; METAL-FILMS AB We examine a method for achieving zero intrinsic stress in thin films of iridium, chromium, and nickel deposited by magnetron sputter deposition. The examination of the stress in these materials is motivated by efforts to advance the optical performance of light-weight x-ray space telescopes into the regime of sub-arc second resolution. A characteristic feature of the intrinsic stress behavior in chromium and nickel is their sensitivity to the magnitude and sign of the intrinsic stress with argon gas pressure, including the existence of a critical pressure that results in zero film stress. This critical pressure scales linearly with the film's density. While the effect of stress reversal with argon pressure has been previously reported by Hoffman and others for nickel and chromium, we have discovered a similar behavior for the intrinsic stress in iridium films. Additionally, we have identified zero stress in iridium shortly after island coalescence in the high adatom mobility growth regime. This feature of film growth is used for achieving a total internal stress of -2.89 MPa for a 15.8 nm thick iridium film with a surface roughness of 5.0 +/- 0.5 angstrom based x-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurement at CuK alpha. The surface topography was also examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The examination of the stress in these films has been performed with a novel in-situ measurement device. The methodology and sensitivity of the in-situ instrument is also described herein. C1 [Broadway, David M.; Ramsey, Brian D.; O'Dell, Stephen L.; Gubarev, Mikhail] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Weimer, Jeffrey; Gurgew, Danielle; Lis, Tomasz] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Ames, A.; Bruni, R.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. RP Broadway, DM (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. OI O'Dell, Stephen/0000-0002-1868-8056 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-631-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9510 AR 95100E DI 10.1117/12.2180641 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9TE UT WOS:000356859800013 ER PT S AU Camp, J Barthelmy, S Petre, R Gehrels, N Marshall, F Ptak, A Racusin, J AF Camp, Jordan Barthelmy, Scott Petre, Rob Gehrels, Neil Marshall, Francis Ptak, Andy Racusin, Judith BE Hudec, R Pina, L TI ISS-Lobster: a low-cost wide-field X-ray transient detector on the ISS SO EUV AND X-RAY OPTICS: SYNERGY BETWEEN LABORATORY AND SPACE IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV and X-ray Optics - Synergy between Laboratory and Space IV CY APR 13-14, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE Gravitational Waves; ISS; Lobster X-ray detector ID BURSTS AB ISS-Lobster is a wide-field X-ray transient detector proposed to be deployed on the International Space Station. Through its unique imaging X-ray optics that allow a 30 deg by 30 deg FoV, a 1 arc min position resolution and a 1.6x10(-11) erg/(sec cm(2)) sensitivity in 2000 sec, ISS-Lobster will observe numerous events per year of X-ray transients related to compact objects, including: tidal disruptions of stars by supermassive black holes, supernova shock breakouts, neutron star bursts and superbursts, high redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts, and perhaps most exciting, X-ray counterparts of gravitational wave detections involving stellar mass and possibly supermassive black holes. The mission includes a 3-axis gimbal system that allows fast Target of Opportunity pointing, and a small gamma-ray burst monitor. In this article we focus on ISS-Lobster measurements of X-ray counterparts of detections by the world-wide ground-based gravitational wave network. C1 [Camp, Jordan; Barthelmy, Scott; Petre, Rob; Gehrels, Neil; Marshall, Francis; Ptak, Andy; Racusin, Judith] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Camp, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-631-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9510 AR 951007 DI 10.1117/12.2176745 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9TE UT WOS:000356859800006 ER PT S AU O'Dell, SL Atkins, C Broadway, DM Elsner, RF Gaskin, JA Gubarev, MV Kilaru, K Kolodziejczak, JJ Ramsey, BD Roche, JM Swartz, DA Tennant, AF Weisskopf, MC Zavlin, VE AF O'Dell, Stephen L. Atkins, Carolyn Broadway, David M. Elsner, Ronald F. Gaskin, Jessica A. Gubarev, Mikhail V. Kilaru, Kiranmayee Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J. Ramsey, Brian D. Roche, Jacqueline M. Swartz, Douglas A. Tennant, Allyn F. Weisskopf, Martin C. Zavlin, Vyacheslav E. BE Hudec, R Pina, L TI X-ray optics at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center SO EUV AND X-RAY OPTICS: SYNERGY BETWEEN LABORATORY AND SPACE IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV and X-ray Optics - Synergy between Laboratory and Space IV CY APR 13-14, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE X-ray telescopes; electroformed mirrors; x-ray optics; neutron optics; differential deposition; coating stress; optics fabrication ID DIFFERENTIAL DEPOSITION; 1ST IMAGES; TELESCOPE; MIRRORS; SATELLITE; HERO AB NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) engages in research, development, design, fabrication, coating, assembly, and testing of grazing-incidence optics (primarily) for x-ray telescope systems. Over the past two decades, MSFC has refined processes for electroformed-nickel replication of grazing-incidence optics, in order to produce high-strength, thin-walled, full-cylinder x-ray mirrors. In recent years, MSFC has used this technology to fabricate numerous x-ray mirror assemblies for several flight (balloon, rocket, and satellite) programs. Additionally, MSFC has demonstrated the suitability of this technology for ground-based laboratory applications-namely, x-ray microscopes and cold-neutron microscopes and concentrators. This mature technology enables the production, at moderately low cost, of reasonably lightweight x-ray telescopes with good (15-30 arcsecond) angular resolution. However, achieving arcsecond imaging for a lightweight x-ray telescope likely requires development of other technologies. Accordingly, MSFC is conducting a multi-faceted research program toward enabling cost-effective production of lightweight high-resolution x-ray mirror assemblies. Relevant research topics currently under investigation include differential deposition for post-fabrication figure correction, in-situ monitoring and control of coating stress, and direct fabrication of thin-walled full-cylinder grazing-incidence mirrors. C1 [O'Dell, Stephen L.; Broadway, David M.; Elsner, Ronald F.; Gaskin, Jessica A.; Gubarev, Mikhail V.; Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.; Ramsey, Brian D.; Roche, Jacqueline M.; Tennant, Allyn F.; Weisskopf, Martin C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Atkins, Carolyn] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Kilaru, Kiranmayee; Swartz, Douglas A.; Zavlin, Vyacheslav E.] Univ Space Res Assoc, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP O'Dell, SL (reprint author), NASA, MSFC, ZP12 320 Sparkman Dr NW, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM stephen.l.odell@nasa.gov OI O'Dell, Stephen/0000-0002-1868-8056 NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-631-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9510 AR 951003 DI 10.1117/12.2179415 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9TE UT WOS:000356859800002 ER PT S AU Weisskopf, MC Gaskin, J Tananbaum, H Vikhlinin, A AF Weisskopf, Martin C. Gaskin, Jessica Tananbaum, Harvey Vikhlinin, Alexey BE Hudec, R Pina, L TI Beyond Chandra - the X-ray Surveyor SO EUV AND X-RAY OPTICS: SYNERGY BETWEEN LABORATORY AND SPACE IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV and X-ray Optics - Synergy between Laboratory and Space IV CY APR 13-14, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE X-ray Astronomy; X-ray optics; X-ray gratings; X-ray detectors AB Over the past 16 years, NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory has provided an unparalleled means for exploring the high energy universe with its half-arcsecond angular resolution. Chandra studies have deepened our understanding of galaxy clusters, active galactic nuclei, galaxies, supernova remnants, planets, and solar system objects addressing most, if not all, areas of current interest in astronomy and astrophysics. As we look beyond Chandra, it is clear that comparable or even better angular resolution with greatly increased photon throughput is essential to address even more demanding science questions, such as the formation and subsequent growth of black hole seeds at very high redshift; the emergence of the first galaxy groups; and details of feedback over a large range of scales from galaxies to galaxy clusters. Recently, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, together with the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, has initiated a concept study for such a mission now named the X-ray Surveyor. This concept study starts with a baseline payload consisting of a high resolution X-ray telescope and an instrument set which may include an X-ray calorimeter, a wide-field imager and a dispersive grating spectrometer and readout. The telescope would consist of highly nested thin shells, for which a number of technical approaches are currently under development, including adjustable X-ray optics, differential deposition, and modern polishing techniques applied to a variety of substrates. In many areas, the mission requirements would be no more stringent than those of Chandra, and the study takes advantage of similar studies for other large area missions carried out over the past two decades. Initial assessments indicate that such an X-ray mission is scientifically compelling, technically feasible, and worthy of a high prioritization by the next American National Academy of Sciences Decadal Survey for Astronomy and Astrophysics. C1 [Weisskopf, Martin C.; Gaskin, Jessica] NASA, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Tananbaum, Harvey; Vikhlinin, Alexey] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Weisskopf, MC (reprint author), NASA, MSFC, ZP12,320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM martin.c.weisskopf@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-631-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9510 AR 951002 DI 10.1117/12.2185084 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9TE UT WOS:000356859800001 ER PT J AU Valivarthi, R Lucio-Martinez, I Chan, P Rubenok, A John, C Korchinski, D Duffin, C Marsili, F Verma, V Shaw, MD Stern, JA Nam, SW Oblak, D Zhou, Q Slater, JA Tittel, W AF Valivarthi, Raju Lucio-Martinez, Itzel Chan, Philip Rubenok, Allison John, Caleb Korchinski, Daniel Duffin, Cooper Marsili, Francesco Verma, Varun Shaw, Mathew D. Stern, Jeffrey A. Nam, Sae Woo Oblak, Daniel Zhou, Qiang Slater, Joshua A. Tittel, Wolfgang TI Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution: from idea towards application SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE quantum key distribution; quantum communication; Bell-state measurement ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; CRYPTOGRAPHY; NETWORK; SECURITY; PHOTONS; QKD AB We assess the overall performance of our quantum key distribution (QKD) system implementing the measurement-device-independent (MDI) protocol using components with varying capabilities such as different single-photon detectors and qubit preparation hardware. We experimentally show that superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors allow QKD over a channel featuring 60dB loss, and QKD with more than 600 bits of secret key per second (not considering finite key effects) over a 16dB loss channel. This corresponds to 300 and 80km of standard telecommunication fiber, respectively. We also demonstrate that the integration of our QKD system into FPGA-based hardware (instead of state-of-the-art arbitrary waveform generators) does not impact on its performance. Our investigation allows us to acquire an improved understanding of the trade-offs between complexity, cost and system performance, which is required for future customization of MDI-QKD. Given that our system can be operated outside the laboratory over deployed fiber, we conclude that MDI-QKD is a promising approach to information-theoretic secure key distribution. C1 [Valivarthi, Raju; Lucio-Martinez, Itzel; Chan, Philip; Rubenok, Allison; John, Caleb; Korchinski, Daniel; Duffin, Cooper; Oblak, Daniel; Zhou, Qiang; Slater, Joshua A.; Tittel, Wolfgang] Univ Calgary, Inst Quantum Sci & Technol, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Valivarthi, Raju; Lucio-Martinez, Itzel; Rubenok, Allison; Korchinski, Daniel; Duffin, Cooper; Oblak, Daniel; Zhou, Qiang; Slater, Joshua A.; Tittel, Wolfgang] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Chan, Philip; John, Caleb] Univ Calgary, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Verma, Varun; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Marsili, Francesco; Shaw, Mathew D.; Stern, Jeffrey A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Valivarthi, R (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Inst Quantum Sci & Technol, Calgary, AB, Canada. EM vrrvaliv@ucalgary.ca RI Slater, Joshua/F-2523-2011; Tittel, Wolfgang/A-1600-2011 FU Alberta Innovates Technology Futures; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Calgary Urban Alliance; National Nature Science Foundation of China [61405030]; Oversea Academic Training Fund of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency InPho Program; Killam Trusts; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported through Alberta Innovates Technology Futures, the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (through their Discover Grant and CryptoWorks 21 CREATE programs), the Calgary Urban Alliance, the National Nature Science Foundation of China [grant number 61405030], the Oversea Academic Training Fund of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency InPho Program, and the Killam Trusts. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. W.T. is a senior fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2015 VL 62 IS 14 BP 1141 EP 1150 DI 10.1080/09500340.2015.1021725 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA CM1CW UT WOS:000357418700004 ER PT J AU Field, RD Spessa, AC Aziz, NA Camia, A Cantin, A Carr, R de Groot, WJ Dowdy, AJ Flannigan, MD Manomaiphiboon, K Pappenberger, F Tanpipat, V Wang, X AF Field, R. D. Spessa, A. C. Aziz, N. A. Camia, A. Cantin, A. Carr, R. de Groot, W. J. Dowdy, A. J. Flannigan, M. D. Manomaiphiboon, K. Pappenberger, F. Tanpipat, V. Wang, X. TI Development of a Global Fire Weather Database SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WILDFIRE REGIMES; CHANGING CLIMATE; DECISION-MAKING; BOREAL FOREST; INDONESIA; DANGER; EMISSIONS; INDEXES; FUTURE AB The Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) System is the mostly widely used fire danger rating system in the world. We have developed a global database of daily FWI System calculations, beginning in 1980, called the Global Fire WEather Database (GFWED) gridded to a spatial resolution of 0.5 degrees latitude by 2/3 degrees longitude. Input weather data were obtained from the NASA Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), and two different estimates of daily precipitation from rain gauges over land. FWI System Drought Code calculations from the gridded data sets were compared to calculations from individual weather station data for a representative set of 48 stations in North, Central and South America, Europe, Russia, Southeast Asia and Australia. Agreement between gridded calculations and the station-based calculations tended to be most different at low latitudes for strictly MERRA-based calculations. Strong biases could be seen in either direction: MERRA DC over the Mato Grosso in Brazil reached unrealistically high values exceeding DC = 1500 during the dry season but was too low over Southeast Asia during the dry season. These biases are consistent with those previously identified in MERRA's precipitation, and they reinforce the need to consider alternative sources of precipitation data. GFWED can be used for analyzing historical relationships between fire weather and fire activity at continental and global scales, in identifying large-scale atmosphere-ocean controls on fire weather, and calibration of FWI-based fire prediction models. C1 [Field, R. D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Field, R. D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Spessa, A. C.] Open Univ, Dept Environm Earth & Ecosyst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Spessa, A. C.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Atmospher Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Aziz, N. A.] Malaysian Meteorol Dept, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. [Camia, A.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Cantin, A.; de Groot, W. J.] Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada. [Carr, R.] Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Dowdy, A. J.] Australian Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Docklands, Vic, Australia. [Flannigan, M. D.; Wang, X.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Flannigan, M. D.] Western Partnership Wildland Fire Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Manomaiphiboon, K.; Tanpipat, V.] King Mongkuts Univ Technol, Joint Grad Sch Energy & Environm, Bangkok, Thailand. [Pappenberger, F.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England. [Pappenberger, F.] Hohai Univ, Coll Hydrol & Water Resources, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Pappenberger, F.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. RP Field, RD (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM robert.field@columbia.edu RI Pappenberger, Florian/A-2839-2009; Dowdy, Andrew/J-3414-2016 OI Pappenberger, Florian/0000-0003-1766-2898; Dowdy, Andrew/0000-0003-0720-4471 FU Australian Climate Change Science Program (ACCSP); Open University Research Investment Fellowship scheme; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at the Goddard Space Flight Center FX We thank Jose Moreno and an anonymous reviewer for their short comment and detailed review, respectively. We thank Steve Taylor for his review and for identifying and pointing out the error in DMC lag times. VT and KM thank the Thailand Meteorological Department for providing weather data, and Prayoonyong Nhuchaiya for guidance. AD was supported by the Australian Climate Change Science Program (ACCSP). AS was supported by the Open University Research Investment Fellowship scheme. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at the Goddard Space Flight Center. All data and code used in generating GFWED can be obtained from http://data.giss.nasa.gov/impacts/gfwed/. NR 81 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1407 EP 1423 DI 10.5194/nhess-15-1407-2015 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CL7CG UT WOS:000357127100025 ER PT S AU Corp, LA Cook, BD McCorkel, J Middleton, EM AF Corp, Lawrence A. Cook, Bruce D. McCorkel, Joel Middleton, Elizabeth M. BE Druy, MA Crocombe, RA Bannon, DP TI Data products of NASA Goddard's LiDAR, Hyperspectral, and Thermal Airborne Imager (G-LiHT) SO NEXT-GENERATION SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies VIII CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Remote Sensing; LIDAR; Imaging Spectroscopy; thermal; airborne imaging ID IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; SCIENCE; FUSION; FIELD AB Scientists in the Biospheric Sciences Laboratory at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center have undertaken a unique instrument fusion effort for an airborne package that integrates commercial off the shelf LiDAR, Hyperspectral, and Thermal components. G-LiHT is a compact, lightweight and portable system that can be used on a wide range of airborne platforms to support a number of NASA Earth Science research projects and space-based missions. G-LiHT permits simultaneous and complementary measurements of surface reflectance, vegetation structure, and temperature, which provide an analytical framework for the development of new algorithms for mapping plant species composition, plant functional types, biodiversity, biomass, carbon stocks, and plant growth. G-LiHT and its supporting database are designed to give scientists open access to the data that are needed to understand the relationship between ecosystem form and function and to stimulate the advancement of synergistic algorithms. This system will enhance our ability to design new missions and produce data products related to biodiversity and climate change. G-LiHT has been operational since 2011 and has been used to collect data for a number of NASA & USFS sponsored studies, including NASA's Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) and the American ICESat/GLAS Assessment of Carbon (AMIGA-Carb). These acquisitions target a broad diversity of forest communities and ecoregions across the United States and Mexico. Here, we will discuss the components of G-LiHT, their calibration and performance characteristics, operational implementation, and data processing workflows. We will also provide examples of higher level data products that are currently available. C1 [Corp, Lawrence A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Cook, Bruce D.; McCorkel, Joel; Middleton, Elizabeth M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Corp, LA (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RI McCorkel, Joel/D-4454-2012 OI McCorkel, Joel/0000-0003-2853-2036 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-598-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9482 AR 94821D DI 10.1117/12.2177083 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BD0AF UT WOS:000357016100037 ER PT S AU Daniels, TS AF Daniels, Taumi S. BE Druy, MA Crocombe, RA Bannon, DP TI Simulation of Wake Vortex Radiometric Detection via Jet Exhaust Proxy SO NEXT-GENERATION SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies VIII CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE radiometer; Fourier transform spectrometer; wake vortex; atmospheric modeling; numerical simulation ID ATMOSPHERIC FLUXES; CRUISE CONDITIONS; COOLING RATES; AIRCRAFT; EMISSIONS; VORTICES; PLUME AB This paper describes an analysis of the potential of an airborne hyperspectral imaging IR instrument to infer wake vortices via turbine jet exhaust as a proxy. The goal was to determine the requirements for an imaging spectrometer or radiometer to effectively detect the exhaust plume, and by inference, the location of the wake vortices. The effort examines the gas spectroscopy of the various major constituents of turbine jet exhaust and their contributions to the modeled detectable radiance. Initially, a theoretical analysis of wake vortex proxy detection by thermal radiation was realized in a series of simulations. The first stage used the SLAB plume model to simulate turbine jet exhaust plume characteristics, including exhaust gas transport dynamics and concentrations. The second stage used these plume characteristics as input to the Line By Line Radiative Transfer Model (LBLRTM) to simulate responses from both an imaging IR hyperspectral spectrometer or radiometer. These numerical simulations generated thermal imagery that was compared with previously reported wake vortex temperature data. This research is a continuation of an effort to specify the requirements for an imaging IR spectrometer or radiometer to make wake vortex measurements. Results of the two-stage simulation will be reported, including instrument specifications for wake vortex thermal detection. These results will be compared with previously reported results for IR imaging spectrometer performance. C1 NASA, Electromagnet & Sensors Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Daniels, TS (reprint author), NASA, Electromagnet & Sensors Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM taumi.daniels@nasa.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-598-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9482 AR 94821B DI 10.1117/12.2182507 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BD0AF UT WOS:000357016100036 ER PT S AU Winfree, WP Cramer, KE Zalameda, JN Howell, PA Burke, ER AF Winfree, William P. Cramer, K. Elliott Zalameda, Joseph N. Howell, Patricia A. Burke, Eric R. BE Hsieh, SJ Zalameda, JN TI Principal Component Analysis of Thermographic Data SO THERMOSENSE: THERMAL INFRARED APPLICATIONS XXXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Thermosense - Thermal Infrared Applications XXXVII CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Thermography; Nondestructive Evaluation; Principal Component Analysis; Composite AB Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been shown effective for reducing thermographic NDE data. While a reliable technique for enhancing the visibility of defects in thermal data, PCA can be computationally intense and time consuming when applied to the large data sets typical in thermography. Additionally, PCA can experience problems when very large defects are present (defects that dominate the field-of-view), since the calculation of the eigenvectors is now governed by the presence of the defect, not the "good" material. To increase the processing speed and to minimize the negative effects of large defects, an alternative method of PCA is being pursued where a fixed set of eigenvectors, generated from an analytic model of the thermal response of the material under examination, is used to process the thermal data from composite materials. This method has been applied for characterization of flaws. C1 [Winfree, William P.; Cramer, K. Elliott; Zalameda, Joseph N.; Howell, Patricia A.; Burke, Eric R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Winfree, WP (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 225, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM william.p.winfree@nasa.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-601-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9485 AR 94850S DI 10.1117/12.2176285 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9WC UT WOS:000356923600024 ER PT S AU Winfree, WP Zalameda, JN Howell, PA AF Winfree, William P. Zalameda, Joseph N. Howell, Patricia A. BE Hsieh, SJ Zalameda, JN TI Measurement of flaw size from thermographic data SO THERMOSENSE: THERMAL INFRARED APPLICATIONS XXXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Thermosense - Thermal Infrared Applications XXXVII CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Thermography; Nondestructive Evaluation; Composite; Flaw characterization ID TRANSIENT THERMOGRAPHY; AIRCRAFT COMPOSITES; INVERSE SCATTERING; DEFECTS; DEPTH AB Simple methods for reducing the pulsed thermographic responses of delaminations tend to overestimate the size of the delamination, since the heat diffuses in the plane parallel to the surface. The result is a temperature profile over the delamination which is larger than the delamination size. A variational approach is presented for reducing the thermographic data to produce an estimated size for a flaw that is much closer to the true size of the delamination. The method is based on an estimate for the thermal response that is a convolution of a Gaussian kernel with the shape of the flaw. The size is determined from both the temporal and spatial thermal response of the exterior surface above the delamination and constraints on the length of the contour surrounding the delamination. Examples of the application of the technique to simulation and experimental data are presented to investigate the limitations of the technique. C1 [Winfree, William P.; Zalameda, Joseph N.; Howell, Patricia A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Winfree, WP (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 225, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM william.p.winfree@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-601-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9485 AR 94850D DI 10.1117/12.2176292 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9WC UT WOS:000356923600012 ER PT S AU Zalameda, JN Burke, ER Horne, MR Bly, JB AF Zalameda, Joseph N. Burke, Eric R. Horne, Michael R. Bly, James B. BE Hsieh, SJ Zalameda, JN TI Real time fatigue damage growth assessment of a composite three-stringer panel using passive thermography SO THERMOSENSE: THERMAL INFRARED APPLICATIONS XXXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Thermosense - Thermal Infrared Applications XXXVII CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Thermal nondestructive evaluation; fatigue damage detection; aerospace composite inspection; acoustic emission; non-immersion ultrasound AB Fatigue testing of advanced composite structures is critical to validate both structural designs and damage prediction models. In-situ inspection methods are necessary to track damage onset and growth as a function of load cycles. Passive thermography is a large area, noncontact inspection technique that is used to detect composite damage onset and growth in real time as a function of fatigue cycles. The thermal images are acquired in synchronicity to the applied compressive load using a dual infrared camera acquisition system for full (front and back) coverage. Image processing algorithms are investigated to increase defect contrast areas. The thermal results are compared to non-immersion ultrasound inspections and acoustic emission data. C1 [Zalameda, Joseph N.; Burke, Eric R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr Hampton, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Horne, Michael R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr Hampton, Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Bly, James B.] Lockheed Martin NASA Langley Res Ctr Hampton, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Zalameda, JN (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr Hampton, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM joseph.n.zalameda@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-601-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9485 AR 948502 DI 10.1117/12.2177719 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9WC UT WOS:000356923600001 ER PT S AU Cambrea, LR Harris, DC Salem, JA AF Cambrea, Lee R. Harris, Daniel C. Salem, Jonathan A. BE Zelinski, BJ TI Weibull analysis and window lifetime prediction: a tutorial SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XIV CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Weibull analysis; slow crack growth; proof testing; window design; window lifetime; transparent ceramics ID CRACK AB Mechanical strength measurements of transparent ceramic window material coupons are customarily fit to a Weibull equation that describes the strength and its distribution. Predictions of window lifetime under stress are commonly based on slow crack growth parameters obtained by measuring the mechanical strength of coupons over a range of constant stress rates. This tutorial paper describes how to derive Weibull and slow crack growth parameters from strength measurements and how to use those parameters to predict window lifetime under stress. Proof testing is employed to ensure that a window begins its life with a known, minimum strength. C1 [Cambrea, Lee R.; Harris, Daniel C.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Salem, Jonathan A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Cambrea, LR (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, 1900 N Knox Rd Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-569-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9453 AR 94530A DI 10.1117/12.2087410 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC9TC UT WOS:000356858200007 ER PT S AU Murphy, RP Grein, ME Gudmundsen, TJ McCaughan, A Najafi, F Berggren, KK Marsili, F Dauler, EA AF Murphy, Ryan P. Grein, Matthew E. Gudmundsen, Theodore J. McCaughan, Adam Najafi, Faraz Berggren, Karl K. Marsili, Francesco Dauler, Eric A. BE Itzler, MA Campbell, JC TI Large-Area NbN Superconducting Nanowire Avalanche Photon Detectors with Saturated Detection Efficiency SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques IX CY APR 22-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Photodetector; Quantum-detector; Single-photon-detector; NbN-SNSPD; SNAP AB Superconducting circuits comprising SNSPDs placed in parallel-superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetectors, or SNAPs-have previously been demonstrated to improve the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by increasing the critical current. In this work, we employ a 2-SNAP superconducting circuit with narrow (40 nm) niobium nitride (NbN) nanowires to improve the system detection efficiency to near-IR photons while maintaining high SNR. Additionally, while previous 2-SNAP demonstrations have added external choke inductance to stabilize the avalanching photocurrent, we show that the external inductance can be entirely folded into the active area by cascading 2-SNAP devices in series to produce a greatly increased active area. We fabricated series-2-SNAP (s2-SNAP) circuits with a nanowire length of 20 mu m with cascades of 2-SNAPs providing the choke inductance necessary for SNAP operation. We observed that (1) the detection efficiency saturated at high bias currents, and (2) the 40 nm 2-SNAP circuit critical current was approximately twice that for a 40 nm non-SNAP configuration. C1 [Murphy, Ryan P.; Grein, Matthew E.; Gudmundsen, Theodore J.; Dauler, Eric A.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [McCaughan, Adam; Najafi, Faraz; Berggren, Karl K.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Marsili, Francesco] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Murphy, RP (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM ryan.murphy@ll.mit.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-608-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9492 AR 94920E DI 10.1117/12.2178322 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9MN UT WOS:000356619900004 ER PT S AU Sullivan, W Beck, J Scritchfield, R Skokan, M Mitra, P Sun, XL Abshire, J Carpenter, D Lane, B AF Sullivan, William, III Beck, Jeffrey Scritchfield, Richard Skokan, Mark Mitra, Pradip Sun, Xiaoli Abshire, James Carpenter, Darren Lane, Barry BE Itzler, MA Campbell, JC TI Linear Mode Photon Counting From Visible To MWIR With HgCdTe Avalanche Photodiode Focal Plane Arrays SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques IX CY APR 22-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE single photon counting; avalanche photodiode; HgCdTe; APD; MWIR; excess noise factor; photon detection efficiency; false event rate AB Results of characterization data on linear mode photon counting (LMPC) HgCdTe electron-initiated avalanche photodiode (e-APD) focal plane arrays (FPA) are presented that reveal an improved understanding and the growing maturity of the technology. The first successful 2x8 LMPC FPA was fabricated in 2010 [1]. Since then a process validation lot of 2x8 arrays was fabricated. Five arrays from this lot were characterized that replicated the previous 2x8 LMPC array performance. In addition, it was unambiguously verified that readout integrated circuit (ROIC) glow was responsible for most of the false event rate (FER) of the 2010 array. The application of a single layer metal blocking layer between the ROIC and the detector array and optimization of the ROIC biases reduced the FER by an order of magnitude. Photon detection efficiencies (PDEs) of greater than 50% were routinely demonstrated across 5 arrays, with one array reaching a PDE of 70%. High resolution pixel-surface spot scans were performed and the junction diameters of the diodes were measured. The junction diameter was decreased from 31 mu m to 25 mu m resulting in a 2x increase in E-APD gain from 470 on the 2010 array to 1100 on one of the 2013 FPAs. Mean single photon signal to noise ratios of >12 were demonstrated at excess noise factors of 1.2-1.3. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) performed measurements on the delivered FPA that verified the PDE and FER data. C1 [Sullivan, William, III; Beck, Jeffrey; Scritchfield, Richard; Skokan, Mark; Mitra, Pradip] DRS Network & Imaging Syst LLC, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. [Sun, Xiaoli; Abshire, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Carpenter, Darren; Lane, Barry] A DIC Inc, Longwood, FL 32750 USA. RP Sullivan, W (reprint author), DRS Network & Imaging Syst LLC, 13544 N Cent Expressway, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. EM billy.sullivan@drs.com NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-608-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9492 AR 94920T DI 10.1117/12.2180394 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9MN UT WOS:000356619900013 ER PT J AU Tapiador, FJ Kacimi, S de Castro, M Levizzani, V Katsanos, D Garcia-Ortega, E AF Tapiador, Francisco J. Kacimi, Sahra de Castro, Manuel Levizzani, Vincenzo Katsanos, Dimitrios Garcia-Ortega, Eduardo TI Precipitation Science: Observations, Retrievals, and Modeling SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Tapiador, Francisco J.; de Castro, Manuel] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Inst Ciencias Ambient ICAM, Toledo 45071, Spain. [Kacimi, Sahra] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Levizzani, Vincenzo] CNR, ISAC, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Katsanos, Dimitrios] Athens Natl Observ, Athens 11810, Greece. [Garcia-Ortega, Eduardo] Univ Leon, Atmospher Phys Grp, E-24071 Leon, Spain. RP Tapiador, FJ (reprint author), Univ Castilla La Mancha, Inst Ciencias Ambient ICAM, Toledo 45071, Spain. EM francisco.tapiador@uclm.es RI Levizzani, Vincenzo/A-9070-2013; Garcia-Ortega, Eduardo/A-7088-2012; OI Levizzani, Vincenzo/0000-0002-7620-5235; Garcia-Ortega, Eduardo/0000-0002-6414-3081; Katsanos, Dimitrios/0000-0002-1969-7982 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2015 AR 843403 DI 10.1155/2015/843403 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM0UP UT WOS:000357394500001 ER PT S AU Checinska, A Paszczynski, A Burbank, M AF Checinska, Aleksandra Paszczynski, Andrzej Burbank, Malcolm BE Doyle, MP Klaenhammer, TR TI Bacillus and Other Spore-Forming Genera: Variations in Responses and Mechanisms for Survival SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 6 SE Annual Review of Food Science and Technology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Bacillus; endospores; biofilm; sterilization resistance; contamination ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; SPACECRAFT-ASSEMBLY FACILITY; SUBTILIS SPORES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; HEAT-RESISTANCE; BIOFILM FORMATION; BACTERIAL-SPORES; DRY-HEAT; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; UV-RADIATION AB The ubiquity of Bacilli endospores in soils facilitates their easy transfer routes to other environments, including cleanrooms and low-biomass sites required by many industries such as food production and processing. A bacterial endospore is a metabolically dormant form of life that is much more resistant to heat, desiccation, lack of nutrients, exposure to UV and gamma radiation, organic chemicals, and oxidizing agents than is a vegetative cell. For example, the heat tolerance of endospores depends on multiple factors such as sporulation temperature, core dehydration, and the presence of minerals and small, acid-soluble proteins (SASPs) in the core. This review describes our current understanding of the persistence mechanisms related to spore-formers' biochemical properties and discusses in detail spores' heat, radiation, and reactive chemical resistance. In addition, it discusses the impact of contamination with spores on many areas of human activity, spore adhesive properties, and biofilm contribution to resistance. C1 [Checinska, Aleksandra; Paszczynski, Andrzej; Burbank, Malcolm] Univ Idaho, Sch Food Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Checinska, Aleksandra; Paszczynski, Andrzej; Burbank, Malcolm] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Paszczynski, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Aleksandra.Checinska@jpl.nasa.gov; andrzej@uidaho.edu; mburbank@alumni.uidaho.edu NR 123 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 9 U2 42 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1941-1413 BN 978-0-8243-4906-6 J9 ANNU REV FOOD SCI T JI Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 6 BP 351 EP 369 DI 10.1146/annurev-food-030713-092332 PG 19 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BC9MZ UT WOS:000356626700015 PM 25705935 ER PT S AU Prasad, N Nemir, D Beck, J Maddux, J Taylor, P AF Prasad, Narasimha Nemir, David Beck, Jan Maddux, Jay Taylor, Patrick BE Dhar, NK Dutta, AK TI Inhomogeneous Thermoelectric Materials: Improving Overall zT by Localized Property Variations SO ENERGY HARVESTING AND STORAGE: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy Harvesting and Storage - Materials, Devices, and Applications VI CY APR 21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Thermoelectric measurements; Seebeck coefficient; Peltier effect; thermal conductivity; isothermal ID PERFORMANCE; ALLOYS AB The search for improved thermoelectric materials is driven in part by the desire to convert otherwise wasted low-temperature heat into useful electricity. In this work, we demonstrate a new path towards materials having higher overall zT, and consequently improved capacity to obtain more electrical power from a given content of heat. We produced alloys of (Bi,Sb)(2)Te-3 using a special gas atomization process that is capable of producing source powder material having nanometer-scale grain size. When impulse-compacted by shockwave consolidation, the obtained dense solid will retain its nanostructure because insufficient time and temperature are available for the kinetics of any appreciable grain growth to proceed. However, if there is initial non-uniformity in the properties of the source powder, or if there is stress non-symmetries during shockwave consolidation, then the obtained consolidated material may have locally inhomogeneous properties distributed throughout the material. Thermoelectric property measurements from selected regions within the consolidated sample indicate a wide distribution of properties. For example, the thermal conductivity at room temperature ranged from as low as 1.30 Watts/m-K in one region to higher than 3.00 Watts/m-K in a neighboring region. The electrical resistivity showed similar variation from as low as 0.5 m Omega-cm to as high as 1.5 m Omega-cm. Individually, those regions exhibited thermoelectric material figure-of-merit, zT values ranging between 0.3 and 0.4. However, when combined into a dense nanocomposite, the overall ensemble zT approaches 0.7 which is nearly a factor of 2 higher. C1 [Prasad, Narasimha] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Nemir, David; Beck, Jan] TXL Grp Inc, El Paso, TX 79903 USA. [Maddux, Jay; Taylor, Patrick] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Prasad, N (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 5 N Dryden St,MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM narasimha.s.prasad@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-609-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9493 AR 949305 DI 10.1117/12.2181143 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9LM UT WOS:000356606000004 ER PT S AU Frost, SA Gorospe, GE Wright, CHG Barrett, SF AF Frost, Susan A. Gorospe, George E. Wright, Cameron H. G. Barrett, Steven F. BE Pickrell, G Udd, E Du, HH TI Biomimetic optical sensor for aerospace applications SO FIBER OPTIC SENSORS AND APPLICATIONS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Optic Sensors and Applications XII CY APR 22-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE optical sensor; biomimetic; target tracking; deflection measurement AB We report on a fiber optic sensor based on the physiological aspects of the eye and vision-related neural layers of the common housefly (Musca domestica) that has been developed and built for aerospace applications. The intent of the research is to reproduce select features from the fly's vision system that are desirable in image processing, including high functionality in low-light and low-contrast environments, sensitivity to motion, compact size, lightweight, and low power and computation requirements. The fly uses a combination of overlapping photoreceptor responses that are well approximated by Gaussian distributions and neural superposition to detect image features, such as object motion, to a much higher degree than just the photoreceptor density would imply. The Gaussian overlap in the biomimetic sensor comes from the front-end optical design, and the neural superposition is accomplished by subsequently combining the signals using analog electronics. The fly eye sensor is being developed to perform real-time tracking of a target on a flexible aircraft wing experiencing bending and torsion loads during flight. We report on results of laboratory experiments using the fly eye sensor to sense a target moving across its field of view. C1 [Frost, Susan A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gorospe, George E.] SGT, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Wright, Cameron H. G.; Barrett, Steven F.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Frost, SA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, POB 1,M-S 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM susan.frost@nasa.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-596-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9480 AR 94800M DI 10.1117/12.2176662 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0AJ UT WOS:000357019100017 ER PT S AU Nguyen, TX Ely, JJ Szatkowski, GN AF Nguyen, Truong X. Ely, Jay J. Szatkowski, George N. BE Pickrell, G Udd, E Du, HH TI A Fiber-Optic Current Sensor for Lightning Measurement Applications SO FIBER OPTIC SENSORS AND APPLICATIONS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Optic Sensors and Applications XII CY APR 22-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Faraday Effect; current sensor; fiber optic; lightning AB An optical-fiber sensor based on Faraday Effect is developed for measuring total lightning electric current. It has many unique capabilities not possible with traditional current sensors. Designed for aircraft installation, the sensor is lightweight, non-conducting, structure-conforming, and is immune to electromagnetic interference, hysteresis and saturation. It can also be used on windmills, lightning towers, and can help validate lightning detection network measurements. Faraday Effect causes light polarization to rotate when the fiber is exposed to a magnetic field in the direction of light propagation. Thus, the magnetic field strength can be determined from the light polarization change. By forming closed fiber loops and applying Ampere's law, measuring the total light rotation yields the total current enclosed. The broadband, dual-detector, reflective polarimetric scheme allows measurement of both DC component and AC waveforms with about 60 dB dynamic range. Three sensor systems were built with different sensitivities from different laser wavelengths. Operating at 850nm, the first system uses twisted single-mode fiber and has a 150 A - 150 KA range. The second system operates at 1550nm, uses spun polarization maintaining fiber, and can measure 400 A - 400 KA. Both systems were validated with rocket-triggered lightning measurements and achieved excellent results when compared to a resistive shunt. The third system operates at 1310nm, uses spun polarization maintaining fiber, and can measure approximately 300 A - 300 KA. High current measurements up to 200 KA were demonstrated at a commercial lightning test facility. The system was recently installed on an aircraft and flown near icing weather conditions. C1 [Nguyen, Truong X.; Ely, Jay J.; Szatkowski, George N.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Nguyen, TX (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 1 S Wright St, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 14 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-596-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9480 AR 94800X DI 10.1117/12.2179195 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0AJ UT WOS:000357019100024 ER PT J AU Comiso, JC Perez, GJP Stock, LV AF Comiso, Josefino C. Perez, Gay Jane P. Stock, Larry V. TI Enhanced Pacific Ocean Sea Surface Temperature and Its Relation to Typhoon Haiyan SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Typhoon Haiyan; SST; Warm Pool ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; INTENSITY; CLIMATE; HURRICANES AB Typhoon Haiyan, which devastated the Visayan Islands in the Philippines on November 8, 2013 was recorded as the strongest typhoon ever-observed using satellite data. Typhoons in the region usually originate from the mid-Pacific region that includes the Warm Pool, which is regarded as the warmest ocean surface region globally. Two study areas were considered: one in the Warm Pool Region and the other in the West Pacific Region near the Philippines. Among the most important factors that affect the strength of a typhoon are sea surface temperature (SST) and water vapor It is remarkable that in November 2013 the average SST in the Warm Pool Region was the highest observed during the 1981 to 2014 period while that of the West Pacific Region was among the highest as well. Moreover the increasing trend in SST was around 0.20 degrees C per decade in the warm pool region and even higher at 0.23 degrees C per decade in the West Pacific region. The yearly minimum SST has also been increasing suggesting that the temperature of the ocean mixed layer is also increasing. Further analysis indicated that water vapor, clouds, winds and sea level pressure for the same period did not reveal strong signals associated with the 2013 event. The SST is shown to be well-correlated with wind strength of historically strong typhoons in the country and the observed trends in SST suggest that extremely destructive typhoons like Haiyan are likely to occur in the future. C1 [Comiso, Josefino C.; Stock, Larry V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perez, Gay Jane P.] Univ Philippines, Inst Environm Sci & Meteorol, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. [Stock, Larry V.] SGT, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Comiso, JC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov FU DOST; NASA [NNH13ZDA001N-TERAQEA] FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Vicky Espaldon for reviewing a preliminary version of this manuscript and for providing encouragement and advise. G. Perez is grateful to DOST for support in this project. J. Comiso acknowledges NASA's support under grant # NNH13ZDA001N-TERAQEA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 12 PU UNIV PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS, COLLEGE PI LAGUNA PA SCHOOL ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT, LAGUNA, 4031, PHILIPPINES SN 0119-1144 J9 J ENVIRON SCI MANAG JI J. Environ. Sci. Manage. PY 2015 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL6GI UT WOS:000357065200001 ER PT S AU Allman, MS Verma, VB Stevens, M Gerrits, T Horansky, RD Lita, AE Marsili, F Beyer, A Shaw, MD Kumor, D Mirin, R Nam, SW AF Allman, M. S. Verma, V. B. Stevens, M. Gerrits, T. Horansky, R. D. Lita, A. E. Marsili, F. Beyer, A. Shaw, M. D. Kumor, D. Mirin, R. Nam, S. W. BE Prochazka, I Sobolewski, R James, RB TI A Near-Infrared 64-pixel Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector Array with Integrated Multiplexed Readout SO PHOTON COUNTING APPLICATIONS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Photon Counting Applications CY APR 13-15, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE nanowire; SNSPD; array ID CIRCUIT; EFFICIENCY AB We demonstrate a 64-pixel free-space-coupled array of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors optimized for high detection efficiency in the near-infrared range. An integrated, readily scalable, multiplexed readout scheme is employed to reduce the number of readout lines to 16. The cryogenic, optical, and electronic packaging to read out the array, as well as characterization measurements are discussed. C1 [Allman, M. S.; Verma, V. B.; Stevens, M.; Gerrits, T.; Horansky, R. D.; Lita, A. E.; Mirin, R.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marsili, F.; Beyer, A.; Shaw, M. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kumor, D.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Allman, MS (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-625-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9504 AR 950402 DI 10.1117/12.2181024 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9LO UT WOS:000356607100002 ER PT S AU Dolph, C Moore, AJ Schubert, M Woodell, G AF Dolph, Chester Moore, Andrew J. Schubert, Matthew Woodell, Glenn BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI Anomalous cases of astronaut helmet detection SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE EVA; Machine vision; Astronaut safety; Extra-atmospheric search and rescue; Space suit augmentation ID FEATURES AB An astronaut's helmet is an invariant, rigid image element that is well suited for identification and tracking using current machine vision technology. Future space exploration will benefit from the development of astronaut detection software for search and rescue missions based on EVA helmet identification. However, helmets are solid white, except for metal brackets to attach accessories such as supplementary lights. We compared the performance of a widely used machine vision pipeline on a standard-issue NASA helmet with and without affixed experimental feature-rich patterns. Performance on the patterned helmet was far more robust. We found that four different feature-rich patterns are sufficient to identify a helmet and determine orientation as it is rotated about the yaw, pitch, and roll axes. During helmet rotation the field of view changes to frames containing parts of two or more feature-rich patterns. We took reference images in these locations to fill in detection gaps. These multiple feature-rich patterns references added substantial benefit to detection, however, they generated the majority of the anomalous cases. In these few instances, our algorithm keys in on one feature-rich pattern of the multiple feature-rich pattern reference and makes an incorrect prediction of the location of the other feature-rich patterns. We describe and make recommendations on ways to mitigate anomalous cases in which detection of one or more feature-rich patterns fails. While the number of cases is only a small percentage of the tested helmet orientations, they illustrate important design considerations for future spacesuits. In addition to our four successful feature-rich patterns, we present unsuccessful patterns and discuss the cause of their poor performance from a machine vision perspective. Future helmets designed with these considerations will enable automated astronaut detection and thereby enhance mission operations and extraterrestrial search and rescue. C1 [Dolph, Chester; Moore, Andrew J.; Schubert, Matthew; Woodell, Glenn] NASA, Computat Vis Lab, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Dolph, Chester] Old Dominion Univ, Vis Lab, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Schubert, Matthew] Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Dolph, C (reprint author), NASA, Computat Vis Lab, Langley Res Ctr, 8 North Dryden St, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM andrew.j.moore@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-585-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9469 AR 946906 DI 10.1117/12.2176743 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9WB UT WOS:000356922000005 ER PT J AU Arnold, SR Emmons, LK Monks, SA Law, KS Ridley, DA Turquety, S Tilmes, S Thomas, JL Bouarar, I Flemming, J Huijnen, V Mao, J Duncan, BN Steenrod, S Yoshida, Y Langner, J Long, Y AF Arnold, S. R. Emmons, L. K. Monks, S. A. Law, K. S. Ridley, D. A. Turquety, S. Tilmes, S. Thomas, J. L. Bouarar, I. Flemming, J. Huijnen, V. Mao, J. Duncan, B. N. Steenrod, S. Yoshida, Y. Langner, J. Long, Y. TI Biomass burning influence on high-latitude tropospheric ozone and reactive nitrogen in summer 2008: a multi-model analysis based on POLMIP simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH NORTHERN LATITUDES; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE PAN; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA; SOURCE ATTRIBUTION; POLLUTION TRANSPORT; ARCTIC TROPOSPHERE; LAGRANGIAN MODEL AB We have evaluated tropospheric ozone enhancement in air dominated by biomass burning emissions at high latitudes (>50 degrees N) in July 2008, using 10 global chemical transport model simulations from the POLMIP multimodel comparison exercise. In model air masses dominated by fire emissions, Delta O-3/Delta CO values ranged between 0.039 and 0.196 ppbv ppbv(-1) (mean: 0.113 ppbv ppbv(-1)) in freshly fire-influenced air, and between 0.140 and 0.261 ppbv ppb(-1) (mean: 0.193 ppbv) in more aged fire-influenced air. These values are in broad agreement with the range of observational estimates from the literature. Model Delta PAN/Delta CO enhancement ratios show distinct groupings according to the meteorological data used to drive the models. ECMWF-forced models produce larger Delta PAN/Delta CO values (4.47 to 7.00 pptv ppbv(-1)) than GEOS5-forced models (1.87 to 3.28 pptv ppbv(-1)), which we show is likely linked to differences in efficiency of vertical transport during poleward export from mid-latitude source regions. Simulations of a large plume of biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions exported from towards the Arctic using a Lagrangian chemical transport model show that 4-day net ozone change in the plume is sensitive to differences in plume chemical composition and plume vertical position among the POLMIP models. In particular, Arctic ozone evolution in the plume is highly sensitive to initial concentrations of PAN, as well as oxygenated VOCs (acetone, acetaldehyde), due to their role in producing the peroxyacetyl radical PAN precursor. Vertical displacement is also important due to its effects on the stability of PAN, and subsequent effect on NOx abundance. In plumes where net ozone production is limited, we find that the lifetime of ozone in the plume is sensitive to hydrogen peroxide loading, due to the production of HOx from peroxide photolysis, and the key role of HO2 + O-3 in controlling ozone loss. Overall, our results suggest that emissions from biomass burning lead to large-scale photochemical enhancement in high-latitude tropospheric ozone during summer. C1 [Arnold, S. R.; Monks, S. A.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Emmons, L. K.; Tilmes, S.] NCAR, Atmospher Chem Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Law, K. S.; Thomas, J. L.; Bouarar, I.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, Paris, France. [Law, K. S.; Thomas, J. L.; Bouarar, I.] CNRS INSU, UMR 8190, Paris, France. [Ridley, D. A.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Turquety, S.; Long, Y.] CNRS, IPSL, Lab Meteorol Dynam, UMR8539, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Flemming, J.] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. [Huijnen, V.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Mao, J.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mao, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Duncan, B. N.; Steenrod, S.; Yoshida, Y.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Langner, J.] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. RP Arnold, SR (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM s.arnold@leeds.ac.uk RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Arnold, Steve/0000-0002-4881-5685; Huijnen, Vincent/0000-0002-2814-8475; MONKS, SARAH/0000-0003-3474-027X FU NCAR Advanced Study Program via a Faculty Fellowship award; NCAR Atmospheric Chemistry Division; EurEX project - UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/H020241/1]; US National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Science Mission Directorate, Tropospheric Composition Program [NNX08AD22G]; project Agence National de Recherche (ANR) Climate Impact of Short-lived Climate Forcers and Methane in the Arctic (CLIMSLIP) [Blanc SIMI 5-6 021 01]; project Agence National de Recherche (ANR) CLIMSLIP-LEFE (CNRS-INSU); European Union [283576]; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency [NV-09414-12]; Swedish Climate and Clean Air research programme, SCAC FX S. R. Arnold acknowledges support from the NCAR Advanced Study Program via a Faculty Fellowship award, and the NCAR Atmospheric Chemistry Division. S. R. Arnold and S. A. Monks were supported by the EurEX project, funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (ref: NE/H020241/1). L. K. Emmons and S. Tilmes acknowledge the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation. Author L. K. Emmons acknowledges support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Award No. NNX08AD22G issued through the Science Mission Directorate, Tropospheric Composition Program. Authors K. S. Law, J. L. Thomas, S. Turquety and Y. Long acknowledge support from projects Agence National de Recherche (ANR) Climate Impact of Short-lived Climate Forcers and Methane in the Arctic (CLIMSLIP) Blanc SIMI 5-6 021 01 and CLIMSLIP-LEFE (CNRS-INSU). V. Huijnen acknowledges funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) under Grant Agreement no. 283576. Contributions from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute were funded by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency under contract NV-09414-12 and through the Swedish Climate and Clean Air research programme, SCAC. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 11 BP 6047 EP 6068 DI 10.5194/acp-15-6047-2015 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CK4GG UT WOS:000356180900004 ER PT J AU Gong, J Wu, DL Limpasuvan, V AF Gong, J. Wu, D. L. Limpasuvan, V. TI Meridionally tilted ice cloud structures in the tropical upper troposphere as seen by CloudSat SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; RADIATIVE FLUX ESTIMATION; ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT; HORIZONTAL INHOMOGENEITY; TERRA SATELLITE; PART I; OVERLAP; IMPACT; MICROPHYSICS AB It remains challenging to quantify global cloud properties and uncertainties associated with their impacts on climate change because of our poor understanding of cloud three-dimensional (3-D) structures from observations and unrealistic characterization of 3-D cloud effects in global climate models (GCMs). In this study we find cloud 3-D effects can cause significant error in cloud ice and radiation measurements if it is not taken into account appropriately. One of the cloud 3-D complexities, the slantwise tilt structure, has not received much attention in research and even less has been reported considering a global perspective. A novel approach is presented here to analyze the ice cloud water content (IWC) profiles retrieved from CloudSat and a joint radar-lidar product (DARDAR). By integrating IWC profiles along different tilt angles, we find that upper-troposphere (UT) ice cloud mass between 11 and 17 km is tilted poleward from active convection centers in the tropics [30 degrees S, 30 degrees N]. This systematic tilt in cloud mass structure is expected from the mass conservation principle of the Hadley circulation with the divergent flow of each individual convection/convective system from down below, and its existence is further confirmed from cloud-resolving-scale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations. Thus, additive effects of tilted cloud structures can introduce 5-20% variability by its nature or produce errors to satellite cloud/hydrometeor ice retrievals if simply converting it from slant to nadir column. A surprising finding is the equatorward tilt in middle tropospheric (5-11 km) ice clouds, which is also evident in high-resolution model simulations but not in coarse-resolution simulations with cumulus parameterization. The observed cloud tilt structures are intrin-sic properties of tropical clouds, producing synoptic distributions around the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). These findings imply that current interpretations based on over-simplified cloud vertical structures could lead to considerable cloud measurement errors and have a subsequent impact on understanding cloud radiative, dynamical and hydrological properties. C1 [Gong, J.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Gong, J.; Wu, D. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Limpasuvan, V.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Sch Coastal & Marine Syst Sci, Conway, SC USA. RP Gong, J (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. EM jie.gong@nasa.gov RI Wu, Dong/D-5375-2012 FU NASA [NNH10ZDA001N-ESDRERR]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1116123, AGS-MRI-0958616]; Coastal Carolina University Kerns Palmetto Professorship endowment FX This work is performed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with support from the NASA NNH10ZDA001N-ESDRERR (Earth System Data Records Uncertainty Analysis) project. V. Limpasuvan was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grants AGS-1116123 and AGS-MRI-0958616 and the Coastal Carolina University Kerns Palmetto Professorship endowment. The CloudSat data processed and stored at Colorado State University is appreciated. All data from this study are available upon request by sending an email to the corresponding author. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 11 BP 6271 EP 6281 DI 10.5194/acp-15-6271-2015 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CK4GG UT WOS:000356180900017 ER PT J AU Creamean, JM Ault, AP White, AB Neiman, PJ Ralph, FM Minnis, P Prather, KA AF Creamean, J. M. Ault, A. P. White, A. B. Neiman, P. J. Ralph, F. M. Minnis, P. Prather, K. A. TI Impact of interannual variations in sources of insoluble aerosol species on orographic precipitation over California's central Sierra Nevada SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE ORGANICS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ICE-NUCLEATION; AIR-POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; INORGANIC SALT; NORTH-AMERICA; DUST; PARTICLES AB Aerosols that serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) have the potential to profoundly influence precipitation processes. Furthermore, changes in orographic precipitation have broad implications for reservoir storage and flood risks. As part of the CalWater field campaign (2009-2011), the variability and associated impacts of different aerosol sources on precipitation were investigated in the California Sierra Nevada using an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer for precipitation chemistry, S-band profiling radar for precipitation classification, remote sensing measurements of cloud properties, and surface meteorological measurements. The composition of insoluble residues in precipitation samples collected at a surface site contained mostly local biomass burning and longrange- transported dust and biological particles (2009), local sources of biomass burning and pollution (2010), and longrange transport (2011). Although differences in the sources of insoluble residues were observed from year to year, the most consistent source of dust and biological residues were associated with storms consisting of deep convective cloud systems with significant quantities of precipitation initiated in the ice phase. Further, biological residues were dominant (up to 40 %) during storms with relatively warm cloud temperatures (up to -15 degrees C), supporting the important role bioparticles can play as ice nucleating particles. On the other hand, lower percentages of residues from local biomass burning and pollution were observed over the three winter seasons (on average 31 and 9 %, respectively). When precipitation quantities were relatively low, these insoluble residues most likely served as CCN, forming smaller more numerous cloud droplets at the base of shallow cloud systems, and resulting in less efficient riming processes. Ultimately, the goal is to use such observations to improve the mechanistic linkages between aerosol sources and precipitation processes to produce more accurate predictive weather forecast models and improve water resource management. C1 [Creamean, J. M.; White, A. B.; Neiman, P. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Creamean, J. M.; Ault, A. P.; Prather, K. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ralph, F. M.; Prather, K. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Minnis, P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Prather, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kprather@ucsd.edu RI Ault, Andrew/E-4594-2011; Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008 OI Ault, Andrew/0000-0002-7313-8559; Creamean, Jessie/0000-0003-3819-5600; Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890 FU California Energy Commission [UCOP/CIEE C-09-07, CEC 500-09-043]; National Research Council; NASA; DOE ARM Program FX Surface meteorological measurements and S-PROF radar data were retrieved from NOAA HMT-West (http://hmt.noaa.gov/). Funding was provided by the California Energy Commission under contract UCOP/CIEE C-09-07 and CEC 500-09-043. J. Creamean was partially supported by the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. P. Minnis was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program and the DOE ARM Program. J. Mayer, D. Collins, J. Cahill, M. Zauscher, E. Fitzgerald, C. Gaston, and M. Moore from UCSD provided assistance with equipment preparation and setup at SPD. The deployment of the NOAA and UCSD/SIO equipment at SPD involved many field staff, particularly C. King (NOAA). The Forest Hill Power Utility District is acknowledged for hosting the sampling site at SPD. A. Martin (UCSD), G. Wick (NOAA), and D. Gottas (NOAA) provided insightful discussions. NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 11 BP 6535 EP 6548 DI 10.5194/acp-15-6535-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CK4GG UT WOS:000356180900034 ER PT J AU Arkoosh, MR Dietrich, JP AF Arkoosh, Mary R. Dietrich, Joseph P. TI Pathogenicity of Members of the Vibrionaceae Family to Cultured Juvenile Sablefish SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; FISH PATHOGEN; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; ANGUILLARUM; STRAINS; ENVIRONMENT; VIBRIOSIS; DISEASES; LARVAE AB Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria are a prized seafood species due to their high oil content and white flaky flesh. Raising these species in culture can help to provide an important source of protein for humans and relief to declining wild fish populations. Understanding the environmental factors that influence the production of Sablefish is important for successful culturing. The significance of host-pathogen interactions in Sablefish culture and the resulting environmental implications are unknown. Pathogens could potentially cause losses of cultured Sablefish stocks due to disease, while Sablefish cultured in net pens may also serve as reservoirs for pathogens and potentially transmit disease to wild fish species. In this initial study, the susceptibility of juvenile Sablefish to three bacterial pathogens from the family Vibrionaceae was examined. Listonella anguillarum, Vibrio ordalii, and V. splendidus can pose serious economic threats to cultured fish and shellfish. Groups of juvenile Sablefish were exposed to five concentrations of each of the pathogens. Sablefish were susceptible to L. anguillarum, but were resistant to V. ordalii and V. splendidus at exposure concentrations of <= 1.32 x 10(7) CFU/mL and <= 3.57 x 10(6) CFU/mL, respectively. The greatest L. anguillarum concentration examined (8.7 x 10(6) CFU/mL) resulted in 24% mortality in juvenile Sablefish. A 24% loss of Sablefish stock could significantly influence an aquaculture program. As determined by multiple logistic regression, the survival of Sablefish to L. anguillarum exposure was significantly affected by their body mass, and larger fish had a greater probability of survival. Aquaculture operations could employ various strategies to minimize the loss of juvenile Sablefish by accounting for their size and known susceptibilities to pathogens. C1 [Arkoosh, Mary R.; Dietrich, Joseph P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Arkoosh, MR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, 2032 Southeast OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM mary.arkoosh@noaa.gov FU NOAA Office of Aquaculture FX The NOAA Office of Aquaculture provided funds. We thank Rick Goetz and Bill Fairgrieve of NOAA Manchester Research Station for supplying the juvenile Sablefish and for insightful comments on the experimental design and manuscript. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2015 VL 27 IS 2 BP 96 EP 103 DI 10.1080/08997659.2015.1019159 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA CK7AP UT WOS:000356381800004 PM 25970236 ER PT J AU Lamb, KG Warn-Varnas, A AF Lamb, K. G. Warn-Varnas, A. TI Two-dimensional numerical simulations of shoaling internal solitary waves at the ASIAEX site in the South China Sea SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SLOPE-SHELF TOPOGRAPHY; TRAPPED CORES; TIDAL FLOW; GENERATION; EVOLUTION; BREAKING; SOLITONS; DYNAMICS; ROTATION; BEHAVIOR AB The interaction of barotropic tides with Luzon Strait topography generates some of the world's largest internal solitary waves which eventually shoal and dissipate on the western side of the northern South China Sea. Two-dimensional numerical simulations of the shoaling of a single internal solitary wave at the site of the Asian Seas International Acoustic Experiment (ASIAEX) have been undertaken in order to investigate the sensitivity of the shoaling process to the stratification and the underlying bathymetry and to explore the influence of rotation. The bulk of the simulations are inviscid; however, exploratory simulations using a vertical eddy-viscosity confined to a near bottom layer, along with a no-slip boundary condition, suggest that viscous effects may become important in water shallower than about 200 m. A shoaling solitary wave fissions into several waves. At depths of 200-300 m the front of the leading waves become nearly parallel to the bottom and develop a very steep back as has been observed. The leading waves are followed by waves of elevation (pedestals) that are conjugate to the waves of depression ahead and behind them. Horizontal resolutions of at least 50 m are required to simulate these well. Wave breaking was found to occur behind the second or third of the leading solitary waves, never at the back of the leading wave. Comparisons of the shoaling of waves started at depths of 1000 and 3000 m show significant differences and the shoaling waves can be significantly non-adiabatic even at depths greater than 2000 m. When waves reach a depth of 200 m, their amplitudes can be more than 50% larger than the largest possible solitary wave at that depth. The shoaling behaviour is sensitive to the presence of small-scale features in the bathymetry: a 200 m high bump at 700 m depth can result in the generation of many mode-two waves and of higher mode waves. Sensitivity to the stratification is considered by using three stratifications based on summer observations. They primarily differ in the depth of the thermocline. The generation of mode-two waves and the behaviour of the waves in shallow water is sensitive to this depth. Rotation affects the shoaling waves by reducing the amplitude of the leading waves via the radiation of long trailing inertiagravity waves. The nonlinear-dispersive evolution of these inertia-gravity waves results in the formation of secondary mode-one wave packets. C1 [Lamb, K. G.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Appl Math, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Warn-Varnas, A.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39539 USA. RP Lamb, KG (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Appl Math, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM kglamb@uwaterloo.ca FU Office of Naval Research [PE 62435]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canadian Foundation for Innovation FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research under PE 62435 (A. Warn-Varnas) and grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (K. Lamb). The facilities of the Shared Hierarchical Academic Research Computing Network (SHARCNET: http://www.sharcnet.ca) and Compute/Calcul Canada were used for some of this work. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2015 VL 22 IS 3 BP 289 EP 312 DI 10.5194/npg-22-289-2015 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL1AM UT WOS:000356674400004 ER PT S AU Cooper, C Strobbia, P Schultheis, E Prasad, N Arnold, B Choa, FS Singh, NB AF Cooper, Christopher Strobbia, Pietro Schultheis, Emily Prasad, Narasimha Arnold, Bradley Choa, Fow-Sen Singh, N. B. BE Senesky, DG Dekate, S TI Growth and morphology of lead tin selenide for MWIR detectors SO SENSORS FOR EXTREME HARSH ENVIRONMENTS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors for Extreme Harsh Environments II CY APR 22-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Detector; Infrared; Resistivity; Morphology; Physical Vapor deposition; Lead Selenide; Lead Tin Selenide AB A great deal of research has been performed on developing room temperature mid wave infrared (MWIR) and long wave infrared (LWIR) detectors to replace very costly mercury cadmium telluride based detectors. Among the more studied materials for high operating temperature detectors, PbSe and PbSe-type heavy metal selenides have been grown in the bulk, thin film and nano crystal morphologies. To better understand the effects of the substrate on the properties of these thin films, we have deposited lead selenide by physical vapor transport (PVT) method on high-resistivity Si substrates and studied the characteristics of the film. Growth on silicon and glass substrates showed different morphologies compared to pure lead selenide material. It was seen that materials grown on a glass substrate possessed different morphology after annealing. FTIR was used to calculate bandgap information comparison with undoped PbSe. We will describe the details of the growth method, effect of substrate on nucleation and morphology of the pure and lead selenide material and band gap comparisons between substrates. C1 [Cooper, Christopher; Strobbia, Pietro; Schultheis, Emily; Arnold, Bradley; Choa, Fow-Sen; Singh, N. B.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Prasad, Narasimha] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Laser Remote Sensing Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Singh, NB (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM singhna@umbc.edu OI Strobbia, Pietro/0000-0003-0884-6185 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-607-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9491 AR 949104 DI 10.1117/12.2179724 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BC9OE UT WOS:000356700400001 ER PT J AU Hunter, GW Xu, JC Evans, LJ Fonseca, LF Katiyar, R Martinez-Inesta, MM Otano, W Panwar, N Vander Wal, RL AF Hunter, Gary W. Xu, Jennifer C. Evans, Laura J. Fonseca, Luis F. Katiyar, Ram Martinez-Inesta, Maria M. Otano, Wilfredo Panwar, Neeraj Vander Wal, Randy L. BE Cabrera, CR Miranda, FA TI Advanced Sensor Nanomaterials for Aerospace Applications SO ADVANCED NANOMATERIALS FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SINGLE PALLADIUM NANOWIRES; SENSING PERFORMANCE; SPRAY-PYROLYSIS; HYDROGEN; FILMS; ARRAYS; DEPOSITION; MGXZN1-XO; TRANSPORT; SWITCHES AB Aeronautic and space applications require the development of sensors with capabilities beyond those of commercially available sensors. This chapter reviews a range of aerospace applications and the sensor operational requirements for those applications. These applications include leak detection, high-temperature physical parameter monitoring, emission monitoring, fire/nvironmental monitoring, and ultraviolet radiation monitoring. In response to these needs, a range of nanotechnology-based sensor material work is being developed. This includes transition metal silicide nanowires for physical measurements; palladium nanoshells, ultrathin films, and nanowires for hydrogen detection; semiconducting metal oxide nanostructures relevant to fire/environmental/ emissions monitoring; and modified zinc oxide materials for ultraviolet radiation detection. Sensor development for each application involves its own challenges in the fields of materials science and fabrication technology. The advent of nano-based sensor materials can have notable effect on aerospace applications. However, these materials must be integrated into complete sensor systems and these advantages must be demonstrated for the specific application. C1 [Hunter, Gary W.; Xu, Jennifer C.; Evans, Laura J.] NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Fonseca, Luis F.; Katiyar, Ram; Panwar, Neeraj] Univ Puerto Rico, NASA URC Ctr Adv Nanoscale Mat, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Martinez-Inesta, Maria M.] Univ Puerto Rico, NASA URC Ctr Adv Nanoscale Mat, San Juan, PR 00681 USA. [Otano, Wilfredo] Univ Puerto Rico, NASA URC Ctr Adv Nanoscale Mat, San Juan, PR 00736 USA. [Panwar, Neeraj] Cent Univ Rajasthan, Dept Phys, Bandarsindari 305801, Kishangarh, India. [Vander Wal, Randy L.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Hunter, GW (reprint author), NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM ghunter@grc.nasa.gov NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4463-19-5 PY 2015 BP 1 EP 38 PG 38 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC6HP UT WOS:000353922300002 ER PT J AU Cabrera, CR Miranda, FA AF Cabrera, Carlos R. Miranda, Felix A. BE Cabrera, CR Miranda, FA TI Advanced Nanomaterials for Aerospace Applications Preface SO ADVANCED NANOMATERIALS FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Cabrera, Carlos R.] Univ Puerto Rico, NASA URC Ctr Adv Nanoscale Mat, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Miranda, Felix A.] NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Cabrera, CR (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, NASA URC Ctr Adv Nanoscale Mat, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4463-19-5 PY 2015 BP XIII EP XV PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC6HP UT WOS:000353922300001 ER PT J AU Hunter, GW Evans, L Xu, J Biaggi-Labiosa, A Vander Wal, RL Fonseca, LF Berger, GM Kulis, MJ AF Hunter, Gary W. Evans, Laura Xu, Jennifer Biaggi-Labiosa, Azlin Vander Wal, Randy L. Fonseca, Luis F. Berger, Gordon M. Kulis, Mike J. BE Cabrera, CR Miranda, FA TI Challenges and Possibilities in Nanosensor Technology SO ADVANCED NANOMATERIALS FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOWIRE ARRAYS; DIELECTROPHORETIC MANIPULATION; CARBON NANOTUBES; OXIDE NANOBELTS; SENSOR; FABRICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICLES; NETWORKS AB Nanotechnology can enable a new generation of sensor systems due to the potentially unique and advantageous properties of these materials. In particular, the properties of nanostructures such as nanowires, nanofibers, nanorods, and nanoribbons are now being investigated to enable new sensing material properties and approaches. In order to achieve the potential of nanotechnology, basic and fundamental capabilities are needed in order to produce and evaluate sensor systems based on these materials. These include the ability to reproducibly fabricate sensors, understand the material properties, and determine their sensing mechanisms. However, the very nature of these materials makes the use of traditional sensor fabrication and characterization techniques, such as those used for microsystems, problematic. This chapter describes the challenges associated with the reproducible fabrication of nanostructures into microsensor systems; characterization of the basic properties of a nanowire; and investigations into the sensing mechanism of nanostructures of different crystal structure. These examples suggest that the transition from microsystem technology into those based on nanostructures involve a series of basic challenges beyond that seen in macroscopic materials. However, if these challenges can be met, the advent of nanotechnology into sensor systems enables the possibility of new sensor systems significantly changing how measurements are done. New sensor systems that can be enabled by nanotechnology, such as "Lick and Stick" smart sensor systems, are discussed. C1 [Hunter, Gary W.; Evans, Laura; Xu, Jennifer; Biaggi-Labiosa, Azlin] NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Vander Wal, Randy L.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fonseca, Luis F.] Univ Puerto Rico, NASA URC Ctr Adv Nanoscale Mat, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Berger, Gordon M.; Kulis, Mike J.] Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Hunter, GW (reprint author), NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM ghunter@grc.nasa.gov NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4463-19-5 PY 2015 BP 39 EP 69 PG 31 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC6HP UT WOS:000353922300003 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Maldonado, AJ Ishikawa, Y Raptis, RG Luna, B Mulloth, L Junaedi, C Roychoudhury, S Perry, JL AF Hernandez-Maldonado, Arturo J. Ishikawa, Yasuyuki Raptis, Raphael G. Luna, Bernadette Mulloth, Lila Junaedi, Christian Roychoudhury, Subir Perry, Jay L. BE Cabrera, CR Miranda, FA TI Nanoporous Materials in Atmosphere Revitalization SO ADVANCED NANOMATERIALS FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK; ZEOLITIC IMIDAZOLATE FRAMEWORKS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SECONDARY GROWTH; CO2 BINDING; SEPARATION; MEMBRANES; PORES; ADSORPTION; STORAGE C1 [Hernandez-Maldonado, Arturo J.; Ishikawa, Yasuyuki; Raptis, Raphael G.] Univ Puerto Rico, NASA URC Ctr Adv Nanoscale Mat, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Hernandez-Maldonado, Arturo J.; Ishikawa, Yasuyuki; Raptis, Raphael G.] Univ Puerto Rico, NASA URC Ctr Adv Nanoscale Mat, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Luna, Bernadette; Mulloth, Lila] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Junaedi, Christian; Roychoudhury, Subir] Precis Combust Inc, North Haven, CT 06473 USA. [Perry, Jay L.] NASA George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Hernandez-Maldonado, AJ (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, NASA URC Ctr Adv Nanoscale Mat, Mayaguez Campus, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM arturoj.hernandez@upr.edu RI Raptis, Raphael/D-2833-2009 OI Raptis, Raphael/0000-0002-9522-0369 NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4463-19-5 PY 2015 BP 71 EP 99 PG 29 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC6HP UT WOS:000353922300004 ER PT J AU Flynn, M Nicolau, E Cabrera, CR AF Flynn, Michael Nicolau, Eduardo Cabrera, Carlos R. BE Cabrera, CR Miranda, FA TI Nanotechnology in Advanced Life Support: Water Recycling SO ADVANCED NANOMATERIALS FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTERNAL CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION; OF-THE-ART; ACTIVATED CARBON; REVERSE-OSMOSIS; MICROGRAVITY CONDITION; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; CATALYST SUPPORTS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; MEMBRANES; ADSORPTION C1 [Flynn, Michael] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Nicolau, Eduardo; Cabrera, Carlos R.] Univ Puerto Rico, NASA URC Ctr Adv Nanoscale Mat, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. RP Flynn, M (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM eduardo.nicolau@upr.edu NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4463-19-5 PY 2015 BP 101 EP 129 PG 29 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC6HP UT WOS:000353922300005 ER PT J AU Baldwin, RS Wu, JJ Bennett, WR AF Baldwin, Richard S. Wu, James J. Bennett, William R. BE Cabrera, CR Miranda, FA TI Nanomaterials for Advanced Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes SO ADVANCED NANOMATERIALS FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTROCHEMICAL LITHIATION; RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; PARTICLE-SIZE; THIN-FILMS; CAPACITY; STORAGE; COMPOSITE; ELECTRODE; PERFORMANCE C1 [Baldwin, Richard S.; Wu, James J.; Bennett, William R.] NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Baldwin, RS (reprint author), NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM william.r.bennett@nasa.gov NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4463-19-5 PY 2015 BP 131 EP 147 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC6HP UT WOS:000353922300006 ER PT J AU Valdez, TI Gonzalez-Gonzalez, I Cabrera, CR AF Valdez, Thomas I. Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Ileana Cabrera, Carlos R. BE Cabrera, CR Miranda, FA TI Nanomaterials in Regenerative Fuel Cells SO ADVANCED NANOMATERIALS FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOLID-POLYMER-ELECTROLYTE; OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; SUPPORTED PT-NI; WATER ELECTROLYSIS; ANODIC EVOLUTION; ALLOY CATALYSTS; ACID-SOLUTION; SURFACES; ELECTROREDUCTION; RUTHENIUM C1 [Valdez, Thomas I.] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Ileana; Cabrera, Carlos R.] Univ Puerto Rico, NASA URC Ctr Adv Nanoscale Mat, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. RP Valdez, TI (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. EM thomas.i.valdez@jpl.nasa.gov NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4463-19-5 PY 2015 BP 179 EP 199 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC6HP UT WOS:000353922300008 ER PT J AU Miranda, FA Manohara, HM AF Miranda, Felix A. Manohara, Harish M. BE Cabrera, CR Miranda, FA TI Nanotechnology for Nanoelectronic Devices SO ADVANCED NANOMATERIALS FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; HIGH-FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS; CONTROLLED PLACEMENT; CARBON NANOTUBES; OHMIC CONTACTS; ELECTRONICS; SCHOTTKY C1 [Miranda, Felix A.] NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Manohara, Harish M.] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Miranda, FA (reprint author), NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM felix.a.miranda@nasa.gov NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4463-19-5 PY 2015 BP 201 EP 226 PG 26 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC6HP UT WOS:000353922300009 ER PT J AU Meador, MA AF Meador, Michael A. BE Cabrera, CR Miranda, FA TI Future Directions in Nanotechnology R&D at NASA SO ADVANCED NANOMATERIALS FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SUSPENDED GRAPHENE; SOLAR-CELLS; CARBON; STRENGTH; DEVICES; NANOGENERATOR; NANOPARTICLES; REACTIVITY; BATTERIES C1 NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Meador, MA (reprint author), NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM michael.a.meador@nasa.gov NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4463-19-5 PY 2015 BP 355 EP 370 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC6HP UT WOS:000353922300013 ER PT S AU Alley, RB Anandakrishnan, S Christianson, K Horgan, HJ Muto, A Parizek, BR Pollard, D Walker, RT AF Alley, Richard B. Anandakrishnan, Sridhar Christianson, Knut Horgan, Huw J. Muto, Atsu Parizek, Byron R. Pollard, David Walker, Ryan T. BE Jeanloz, R Freeman, KH TI Oceanic Forcing of Ice-Sheet Retreat: West Antarctica and More SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES, VOL 43 SE Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Antarctica; Greenland; sea level; ice sheet; stability ID PINE ISLAND GLACIER; SEA-LEVEL RISE; LAST INTERGLACIAL STAGE; ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; SHELF BREAK-UP; THWAITES GLACIER; MASS-LOSS; PROBABILISTIC ASSESSMENT; SPATIAL SENSITIVITIES; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE AB Ocean-ice interactions have exerted primary control on the Antarctic Ice Sheet and parts of the Greenland Ice Sheet, and will continue to do so in the near future, especially through melting of ice shelves and calving cliffs. Retreat in response to increasing marine melting typically exhibits threshold behavior, with little change for forcing below the threshold but a rapid, possibly delayed shift to a reduced state once the threshold is exceeded. For Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, the threshold may already have been exceeded, although rapid change may be delayed by centuries, and the reduced state will likely involve loss of most of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, causing > 3 m of sea-level rise. Because of shortcomings in physical understanding and available data, uncertainty persists about this threshold and the subsequent rate of change. Although sea-level histories and physical understanding allow the possibility that ice-sheet response could be quite fast, no strong constraints are yet available on the worst-case scenario. Recent work also suggests that the Greenland and East Antarctic Ice Sheets share some of the same vulnerabilities to shrinkage from marine influence. C1 [Alley, Richard B.; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar; Muto, Atsu; Pollard, David] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Alley, Richard B.; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar; Muto, Atsu; Pollard, David] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Christianson, Knut] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Christianson, Knut] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Horgan, Huw J.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Antarctic Res Ctr, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Parizek, Byron R.] Penn State Univ, Math & Geosci, Du Bois, PA 15801 USA. [Walker, Ryan T.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Walker, Ryan T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Alley, RB (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rba6@psu.edu NR 165 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 16 U2 74 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0084-6597 BN 978-0-8243-2043-0 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2015 VL 43 BP 207 EP 231 DI 10.1146/annurev-earth-060614-105344 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BC8KX UT WOS:000355760100008 ER PT S AU Day, J Geddis, D Kim, J Choi, SH Yoon, H Song, KD AF Day, John Geddis, Demetris Kim, Jaehwan Choi, Sang H. Yoon, Hargsoon Song, Kyo D. BE Varadan, VK TI Review of Radio Wave for Power Transmission in Medical Applications with Safety SO NANOSENSORS, BIOSENSORS, AND INFO-TECH SENSORS AND SYSTEMS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanosensors, Biosensors, and Info-Tech Sensors and Systems CY MAR 09-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, American Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE Radio Frequency (RF); Safety; Wireless Power Transmission (WP, Medical Applications AB The integration of biosensors with radio frequency (RF) wireless power transmission devices is becoming popular, but there are challenges for implantable devices in medical applications. Integration and at the same time miniaturization of medical devices in a single embodiment are not trivial. The research reported herein, seeks to review possible effects of RF signals ranging from 900 MHz to 100 GHz on the human tissues and environment. Preliminary evaluation shows that radio waves selected for test have substantial influence on human tissues based on their dielectric properties. In the advancement of RF based biosensors, it is imperative to set up necessary guidelines that specify how to use RF power safely. In this paper, the dielectric properties of various human tissues will be used for estimation of influence within the selected RF frequency ranges. C1 [Day, John; Geddis, Demetris; Yoon, Hargsoon; Song, Kyo D.] Norfolk State Univ, Dept Engn, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. [Kim, Jaehwan] Inha Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Inchon, South Korea. [Choi, Sang H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Day, J (reprint author), Norfolk State Univ, Dept Engn, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-537-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9434 AR 94340T DI 10.1117/12.2084854 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8PT UT WOS:000355991300021 ER PT S AU Duzik, AJ Park, Y Choi, SH AF Duzik, Adam J. Park, Yeonjoon Choi, Sang H. BE Varadan, VK TI Towards Rhombohedral SiGe Epitaxy on 150mm c-plane Sapphire Substrates SO NANOSENSORS, BIOSENSORS, AND INFO-TECH SENSORS AND SYSTEMS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanosensors, Biosensors, and Info-Tech Sensors and Systems CY MAR 09-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, American Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE Electron Beam Evaporation Deposition; Semiconductor Devices; Group IV Semiconductor Materials; Bandgap Engineering; X-ray Diffraction; Quantum Well Solar Cells; MEMs ID THERMAL-EXPANSION; GERMANIUM; MOBILITY; SILICON; CDTE AB Previous work demonstrated for the first time the ability to epitaxially grow uniform single crystal diamond cubic SiGe (111) films on trigonal sapphire (0001) substrates. While SiGe (111) forms two possible crystallographic twins on sapphire (0001), films consisting primarily of one twin were produced on up to 99.95% of the total wafer area. This permits new bandgap engineering possibilities and improved group IV based devices that can exploit the higher carrier mobility in Ge compared to Si. Models are proposed on the epitaxy of such dissimilar crystal structures based on the energetic favorability of crystallographic twins and surface reconstructions. This new method permits Ge (111) on sapphire (0001) epitaxy, rendering Ge an economically feasible replacement for Si in some applications, including higher efficiency Si/Ge/Si quantum well solar cells. Epitaxial SiGe films on sapphire showed a 280% increase in electron mobility and a 500% increase in hole mobility over single crystal Si. Moreover, Ge possesses a wider bandgap for solar spectrum conversion than Si, while the transparent sapphire substrate permits an inverted device structure, increasing the total efficiency to an estimated 30-40%, much higher than traditional Si solar cells. Hall Effect mobility measurements of the Ge layer in the Si/Ge/Si quantum well structure were performed to demonstrate the advantage in carrier mobility over a pure Si solar cell. Another application comes in the use of micro-electromechanical devices technology, where high-resistivity Si is currently used as a substrate. Sapphire is a more resistive substrate and offers better performance via lower parasitic capacitance and higher film carrier mobility over the current Si-based technology. C1 [Duzik, Adam J.; Park, Yeonjoon] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Choi, Sang H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Duzik, AJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, 100 Explorat Way, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-537-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9434 AR 943412 DI 10.1117/12.2085310 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8PT UT WOS:000355991300029 ER PT S AU Kim, MH Song, KD Yoon, H Park, Y Choi, SH Lee, DS Shin, KS Hwang, HI Lee, U AF Kim, Min Hyuck Song, Kyo D. Yoon, Hargsoon Park, Yeonjoon Choi, Sang H. Lee, Dae-Sung Shin, Kyu-Sik Hwang, Hak-In Lee, Uhn BE Varadan, VK TI Probe-Pin Device for Optical Neurotransmitter Sensing in the Brain SO NANOSENSORS, BIOSENSORS, AND INFO-TECH SENSORS AND SYSTEMS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanosensors, Biosensors, and Info-Tech Sensors and Systems CY MAR 09-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, American Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE Optical neural sensing; microspectrometer; neurotransmitter; surface plasmonic resonance; nanostructure ID NANOPARTICLES; DOPAMINE AB Development of an optical neurotransmitter sensing device using nano-plasmonic probes and a micro-spectrometer for real time monitoring of neural signals in the brain is underway. Clinical application of this device technology is to provide autonomous closed-loop feedback control to a deep brain stimulation (DBS) system and enhance the accuracy and efficacy of DBS treatment. By far, we have developed an implantable probe-pin device based on localized field enhancement of surface plasmonic resonance on a nanostructured sensing domain which can amplify neurochemical signals from evoked neural activity in the brain. In this paper, we will introduce the details of design and sensing performance of a proto-typed microspectrometer and nanostructured probing devices for real time measurement of neurotransmitter concentrations. C1 [Kim, Min Hyuck; Song, Kyo D.; Yoon, Hargsoon] Norfolk State Univ, Dept Engn, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. [Park, Yeonjoon; Choi, Sang H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Lee, Dae-Sung; Shin, Kyu-Sik; Hwang, Hak-In] Korea Elect Technol Inst, Songnam, South Korea. [Lee, Uhn] Gachon Univ, Integrated Brian Res Inst, Inchon, South Korea. RP Kim, MH (reprint author), Norfolk State Univ, Dept Engn, 700 Pk Ave, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. EM hyoon@nsu.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-537-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9434 AR 943409 DI 10.1117/12.2085610 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8PT UT WOS:000355991300006 ER PT S AU Gyekenyesi, AL Wroblewski, AC AF Gyekenyesi, Andrew L. Wroblewski, Adam C. BE Shull, PJ TI Using a general purpose finite element approach to attain higher fidelity rotordynamic analyses SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING AND INSPECTION OF ADVANCED MATERIALS, AEROSPACE, AND CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Structural Health Monitoring and Inspection of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, and Civil Infrastructure CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Rotordynamics; Finite Element; Flexible Disk; Stress-Stiffening; Spin-Softening; Temperature Dependence AB By utilizing a general purpose finite element (FE) code, the dynamic response of a rotor system was numerically studied in order to assess physical effects that are typically not taken into account using traditional rotordynamic codes. This included the allowance for disk flexibility as well as conducting a simultaneous heat transfer analysis that resulted in varying temperatures in the axial and radial directions. The numerical study utilized a generic, multi-disk model with a flexible hollow shaft. The Campbell diagrams and the mode shapes showed that neglecting any of the additional influences may cause errors regarding the predicted rotor dynamic response. By increasing the fidelity of the rotor model and accounting for the various effects, the slight signal modifications due to damage can be more easily recognized allowing for increased accuracy during rotor health monitoring. C1 [Gyekenyesi, Andrew L.] NASA, GRC, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Wroblewski, Adam C.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Gyekenyesi, AL (reprint author), NASA, GRC, Ohio Aerosp Inst, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Andrew.L.Gyekenyesi@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-540-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9437 AR 943713 DI 10.1117/12.2084625 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BC8JD UT WOS:000355725000029 ER PT S AU Koshti, AM AF Koshti, Ajay M. BE Shull, PJ TI Infrared contrast data analysis method for quantitative measurement and monitoring in flash infrared thermography SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING AND INSPECTION OF ADVANCED MATERIALS, AEROSPACE, AND CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Structural Health Monitoring and Inspection of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, and Civil Infrastructure CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE normalized contrast; flash infrared thermography AB The paper provides information on a new infrared (IR) image contrast data post-processing method that involves converting raw data to normalized contrast versus time evolutions from the flash infrared thermography inspection video data. Thermal measurement features such as peak contrast, peak contrast time, persistence time, and persistence energy are calculated from the contrast evolutions. In addition, simulation of the contrast evolution is achieved through calibration on measured contrast evolutions from many flat bottom holes in a test plate of the subject material. The measurement features are used to monitor growth of anomalies and to characterize the void-like anomalies. The method was developed to monitor and analyze void-like anomalies in reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) materials used on the wing leading edge of the NASA Space Shuttle Orbiters, but the method is equally applicable to other materials. The thermal measurement features relate to the anomaly characteristics such as depth and size. Calibration of the contrast is used to provide an assessment of the anomaly depth and width which correspond to the depth and diameter of the equivalent flat bottom hole (EFBH) from the calibration data. An edge detection technique called the half-max is used to measure width and length of the anomaly. Results of the half-max width and the EFBH diameter are compared with actual widths to evaluate utility of IR Contrast method. Some thermal measurements relate to gap thickness of the delaminations. Results of IR Contrast method on RCC hardware are provided. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Koshti, AM (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-540-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9437 AR 94370X DI 10.1117/12.2083244 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BC8JD UT WOS:000355725000025 ER PT S AU Koshti, AM AF Koshti, Ajay M. BE Shull, PJ TI Simulating the x-ray image contrast to set-up techniques with desired flaw detectability SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING AND INSPECTION OF ADVANCED MATERIALS, AEROSPACE, AND CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Structural Health Monitoring and Inspection of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, and Civil Infrastructure CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE x-ray; flaw size parameter; simulation; crack detection; radiography technique AB The paper provides simulation data of previous work by the author in developing a model for estimating detectability of crack-like flaws in radiography. The methodology is developed to help in implementation of NASA Special x-ray radiography qualification, but is generically applicable to radiography. The paper describes a method for characterizing the detector resolution. Applicability of ASTM E 2737 resolution requirements to the model are also discussed. The paper describes a model for simulating the detector resolution. A computer calculator application, discussed here, also performs predicted contrast and signal-to-noise ratio calculations. Results of various simulation runs in calculating x-ray flaw size parameter and image contrast for varying input parameters such as crack depth, crack width, part thickness, x-ray angle, part-to-detector distance, part-to-source distance, source sizes, and detector sensitivity and resolution are given as 3D surfaces. These results demonstrate effect of the input parameters on the flaw size parameter and the simulated image contrast of the crack. These simulations demonstrate utility of the flaw size parameter model in setting up x-ray techniques that provide desired flaw detectability in radiography. The method is applicable to film radiography, computed radiography, and digital radiography. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Koshti, AM (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-540-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9437 AR 94370W DI 10.1117/12.2083225 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BC8JD UT WOS:000355725000024 ER PT S AU Koshti, AM AF Koshti, Ajay M. BE Shull, PJ TI Ultrasonic measurement and monitoring of loads in bolts used in structural joints SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING AND INSPECTION OF ADVANCED MATERIALS, AEROSPACE, AND CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Structural Health Monitoring and Inspection of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, and Civil Infrastructure CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE ultrasonic preload measurement and monitoring; bolted joints; clamped joint; flanged joint; shear joint ID PRELOAD MEASUREMENT; AXIAL STRESS; SIMULATION AB The paper is an overview of work by the author in measuring and monitoring loads in bolts using an ultrasonic extensometer. A number of cases of bolted joints are covered. These include, a clamped joint with clearance fit between the bolt and hole, a clamped joint with bolt in an interference fit with the hole, a flanged joint which allows the flange and bolt to bend; and a shear joint in a clevis and tang configuration. These applications were initially developed for measuring and monitoring preload in National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space Shuttle Orbiter critical joints but are also applicable for monitoring loads in other critical bolted joints of structures such as transportation bridges and other aerospace structures. The papers cited here explain how to set-up a model to estimate the ultrasonic load factor and accuracy for the ultrasonic preload application in a clamped joint with clearance fit. The ultrasonic preload application for clamped joint with bolt in an interference fit can also be used to measure diametrical interference between the bolt shank and hole, as well as interference pressure on the bolt shank. Results of simulation and experimental data are given to demonstrate use of ultrasonic measurements in a shear joint. A bolt in a flanged joint experiences both tensile and bending loads. This application involves measurement of bending and tensile preload in a bolt. The ultrasonic beam bends due to bending load on the bolt. Results of a numerical technique to compute the trace of ultrasonic ray are presented. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Koshti, AM (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-540-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9437 AR 94370T DI 10.1117/12.2083220 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BC8JD UT WOS:000355725000021 ER PT S AU Kosthi, AM AF Kosthi, Ajay M. BE Shull, PJ TI Considerations for ultrasonic testing application for on-orbit NDE SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING AND INSPECTION OF ADVANCED MATERIALS, AEROSPACE, AND CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Structural Health Monitoring and Inspection of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, and Civil Infrastructure CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE nondestructive evaluation; ultrasonic testing; on-orbit NDE; in-space NDE; eddy current testing; MMOD impact AB The paper addresses some on-orbit nondestructive evaluation (NDE) needs of NASA for International Space Station (ISS). The presentation gives NDE requirements for inspecting suspect damage due to micro-meteoroids and orbital debris (MMOD) impact on the pressure wall of the ISS. This inspection is meant to be conducted from inside of the ISS module. The metallic wall of the module has a fixed wall thickness but also has integral orthogrid ribs for reinforcement. Typically, a single MMOD hit causes localized damage in a small area causing loss of material similar to pitting corrosion but cracks may be present too. The impact may cause bulging of the wall. Results of the ultrasonic and eddy current demonstration scans on test samples are provided. The ultrasonic technique uses shear wave scans to interrogate the localized damage area from the surrounding undamaged area. The scanning protocol results in multiple scans, each with multiple "vee" paths. A superimposition and mosaic of the three dimensional ultrasonic data from individual scans is desired to create C-scan images of the damage. This is a new data reduction process which is not currently implemented in the state-of-art ultrasonic instruments. Results of ultrasonic scans on the simulated MMOD damage test plates are provided. The individual C-scans are superimposed manually creating mosaic of the inspection. The resulting image is compared with visibly detected damage boundaries, X-ray images, and localized ultrasonic and eddy current scans for locating crack tips to assess effectiveness of the ultrasonic scanning. The paper also discusses developments needed in improving ergonomics of the ultrasonic testing for on-orbit applications. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Kosthi, AM (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-540-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9437 AR 94372H DI 10.1117/12.2083245 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BC8JD UT WOS:000355725000065 ER PT S AU Morota, T Ishihara, Y Sasaki, S Goossens, S Matsumoto, K Noda, H Araki, H Hanada, H Tazawa, S Kikuchi, F Ishikawa, T Tsuruta, S Kamata, S Otake, H Haruyama, J Ohtake, M AF Morota, Tomokatsu Ishihara, Yoshiaki Sasaki, Sho Goossens, Sander Matsumoto, Koji Noda, Hirotomo Araki, Hiroshi Hanada, Hideo Tazawa, Seiichi Kikuchi, Fuyuhiko Ishikawa, Toshiaki Tsuruta, Seiitsu Kamata, Shunichi Otake, Hisashi Haruyama, Junichi Ohtake, Makiko BE Platz, T Massironi, M Byrne, PK Hiesinger, H TI Lunar mare volcanism: lateral heterogeneities in volcanic activity and relationship with crustal structure SO VOLCANISM AND TECTONISM ACROSS THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTH-POLE-AITKEN; GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETER; BASINS IMPLICATIONS; ERUPTION CONDITIONS; CONVECTION MODELS; GRAVITY-FIELD; MOON; MANTLE; EVOLUTION; BASALTS AB Lunar mare basalts are spatially unevenly distributed, and their abundances differ between the nearside and farside of the Moon. Although mare asymmetry has been attributed to thickness variations in the low-density anorthositic crust, the eruptive mechanism of lunar magma remains unknown. In this study, we investigate the relationship between mare distribution and crustal thickness using geological and geophysical data obtained by the SELENE (Kaguya) and the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory spacecraft, and quantitatively re-evaluate the influence of the anorthositic crust on magma eruption. We identify a lateral heterogeneity in the upper limit of crustal thickness that allows magma extrusion to the surface. In the Procellarum KREEP Terrane, where the surface abundances of heat-producing elements are extremely high, magmas can erupt in regions of crustal thickness below about 30 km. In contrast, magma eruptions are limited to regions of crustal thickness below about 20 km in other nearside regions, around 10 km in the South Pole-Aitken Basin and approximately 5 km in the farside Felspathic Highland Terrane. Such heterogeneity may result from lateral variations in magma production in the lunar mantle and/or crustal density. C1 [Morota, Tomokatsu] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Ishihara, Yoshiaki; Otake, Hisashi; Haruyama, Junichi; Ohtake, Makiko] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Sasaki, Sho] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Goossens, Sander] NASA, CRESST, Planetary Geodynam Lab, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Matsumoto, Koji; Noda, Hirotomo; Hanada, Hideo; Tazawa, Seiichi; Kikuchi, Fuyuhiko; Ishikawa, Toshiaki; Tsuruta, Seiitsu] Natl Astron Observ Japan, RISE Project, Mizusawa Ku, Oshu, Iwate 0230861, Japan. [Araki, Hiroshi] Natl Astron Observ Japan, RISE Project, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Kamata, Shunichi] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Morota, T (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. EM morota@eps.nagoya-u.ac.jp NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-632-6 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2015 VL 401 BP 127 EP 138 DI 10.1144/SP401.11 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BC9EB UT WOS:000356369300007 ER PT S AU Ferrari, S Massironi, M Marchi, S Byrne, PK Klimczak, C Martellato, E Cremonese, G AF Ferrari, Sabrina Massironi, Matteo Marchi, Simone Byrne, Paul K. Klimczak, Christian Martellato, Elena Cremonese, Gabriele BE Platz, T Massironi, M Byrne, PK Hiesinger, H TI Age relationships of the Rembrandt basin and Enterprise Rupes, Mercury SO VOLCANISM AND TECTONISM ACROSS THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CALORIS BASIN; LUNAR CATACLYSM; IMPACT CRATERS; SMOOTH PLAINS; MESSENGER; VOLCANISM; ORIGIN; EVOLUTION; STRATIGRAPHY; BOMBARDMENT AB The Rembrandt basin is the largest well-preserved impact feature in the southern hemisphere of Mercury. Its smooth volcanic infill hosts wrinkle ridges and graben, and the entire basin is cross-cut by the Enterprise Rupes scarp system. On the basis of the Model Production Function crater chronology, our analysis shows that the formation of the Rembrandt basin occurred at 3.8 +/- 0.1 Ga during the Late Heavy Bombardment, consistent with previous studies. We also find that the smooth plains interior to the basin were emplaced between 3.7 and 3.6 +/- 0.1 Ga, indicative of a resurfacing event within the Rembrandt basin that is consistent with the presence of partially buried craters. These youngest plains appear temporally unrelated to basin formation, and so we regard their origin as likely to be due to volcanism. We identify the same chronological relationship for the terrain cross-cut by Enterprise Rupes to the west of the basin. Therefore, volcanic activity affected both the basin and its surroundings, but ended prior to the majority of basin-and regional-scale tectonic deformation. If Enterprise Rupes formed prior to the Rembrandt basin, then regional-scale tectonic activity along this structure might have lasted at least 200 myr. C1 [Ferrari, Sabrina; Massironi, Matteo] Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Massironi, Matteo; Martellato, Elena; Cremonese, Gabriele] INAF, Astron Observ Padua, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Marchi, Simone] NASA, Lunar Sci Inst, Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Byrne, Paul K.; Klimczak, Christian] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Byrne, Paul K.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Martellato, Elena] Univ Padua, Dept Phys & Astron, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Ferrari, S (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, Via Gradenigo 6, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM sabrina.ferrari@studenti.unipd.it OI Cremonese, Gabriele/0000-0001-9021-1140; Massironi, Matteo/0000-0002-7757-8818 NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-632-6 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2015 VL 401 BP 159 EP 172 DI 10.1144/SP401.20 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BC9EB UT WOS:000356369300009 ER PT S AU Giacomini, L Massironi, M Marchi, S Fassett, CI Di Achille, G Cremonese, G AF Giacomini, L. Massironi, M. Marchi, S. Fassett, C. I. Di Achille, G. Cremonese, G. BE Platz, T Massironi, M Byrne, PK Hiesinger, H TI Age dating of an extensive thrust system on Mercury: implications for the planet's thermal evolution SO VOLCANISM AND TECTONISM ACROSS THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BASALTIC ROCK MASSES; GLOBAL CONTRACTION; LOBATE SCARPS; THERMOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION; WRINKLE RIDGES; IMPACT CRATERS; FAULT ZONES; MARS; MESSENGER; DEFORMATION AB The tectonic evolution of Mercury is dominated at a global scale by contractional features such as lobate scarps that are widely distributed across the planet. These structures are thought to be the consequence of the secular cooling of Mercury. Therefore, dating these features is essential to place constraints on the timing of planetary cooling, which is important for understanding the thermal evolution of Mercury. In this work, we date an extended thrust system, which we term the Blossom Thrust System, located between 80 degrees E and 100 degrees E, and 30 degrees N and 15 degrees S, and which consists of several individual lobate scarps exhibiting a north-south orientation and a westward vergence. The age of the system was determined using several different methods. Traditional stratigraphic analysis was accompanied by crater counting of units that overlap the thrust system and by using the buffered crater-counting technique, allowing us to determine an absolute model age for the tectonic feature. These complementary methods give consistent results, implying that activity on the thrust ended between 3.5 and 3.7 Ga, depending on the adopted absolute-age model. These data provide an important insight into this portion of Mercury's crust, which may have implications for models of the thermal evolution of the planet as a whole. C1 [Giacomini, L.; Massironi, M.] Univ Padua, Ctr Interdipartimentale Studi & Attivita Spaziali, Padua, Italy. [Giacomini, L.; Massironi, M.] Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, Padua, Italy. [Marchi, S.] NASA, Lunar Sci Inst, Ctr Lunar Origin & Evolut, Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Fassett, C. I.] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, S Hadley, MA 01063 USA. [Di Achille, G.] Osserv Astron Capodimonte, Ist Nazl Astrofis, Naples, Italy. [Cremonese, G.] Osserv Astron Padova, Ist Nazl Astrofis, Padua, Italy. RP Giacomini, L (reprint author), Univ Padua, Ctr Interdipartimentale Studi & Attivita Spaziali, Padua, Italy. EM lorenza.giacomini@unipd.it OI Cremonese, Gabriele/0000-0001-9021-1140; Di Achille, Gaetano/0000-0002-2151-4057; Massironi, Matteo/0000-0002-7757-8818 NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-632-6 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2015 VL 401 BP 291 EP 311 DI 10.1144/SP401.21 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BC9EB UT WOS:000356369300016 ER PT S AU Nahm, AL Schultz, RA AF Nahm, Amanda L. Schultz, Richard A. BE Platz, T Massironi, M Byrne, PK Hiesinger, H TI Rupes Recta and the geological history of the Mare Nubium region of the Moon: insights from forward mechanical modelling of the 'Straight Wall' SO VOLCANISM AND TECTONISM ACROSS THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER CAMERA; NORMAL-FAULT SYSTEMS; SEGMENT LINKAGE; THRUST FAULTS; SLIP DISTRIBUTIONS; BASIN TECTONICS; PLATE BOUNDARY; IMPACT CRATERS; LOBATE SCARPS; LUNAR-SURFACE AB Rupes Recta, also known as the 'Straight Wall', is an individual normal fault located in eastern Mare Nubium on the nearside of the Moon. Age and cross-cutting relationships suggest that the maximum age of Rupes Recta is 3.2 Ga, which may make it the youngest large-scale normal fault on the Moon. Based on detailed structural mapping and throw distribution analysis, fault nucleation is interpreted to have occurred near the fault centre, and the fault has propagated bi-directionally, growing northwards and southwards by segment linkage. Forward mechanical modelling of fault topography gives a best-fitting fault dip of approximately 858, and suggests that Rupes Recta accommodated approximately 400 m of maximum displacement and extends to a depth of around 42 km. The cumulative driving stresses required to form Rupes Recta are similar in magnitude to those that formed normal faults in Tempe Terra, Mars. The spatial and temporal association with Rima Birt, a sinuous rille to the west of Rupes Recta, suggests a genetic relationship between both structures and implies regional extension at the time of formation. C1 [Nahm, Amanda L.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Nahm, Amanda L.] USRA Lunar & Planetary Inst, Ctr Lunar Sci & Explorat, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Nahm, Amanda L.] NASA, Lunar Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Nahm, Amanda L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Schultz, Richard A.] Conoco Phillips, Houston, TX 77079 USA. RP Nahm, AL (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, 500 West Univ Ave, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM nahm@uidaho.edu RI Schultz, Richard/J-4015-2015 OI Schultz, Richard/0000-0003-3198-5263 NR 105 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-632-6 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2015 VL 401 BP 377 EP 394 DI 10.1144/SP401.4 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BC9EB UT WOS:000356369300020 ER PT J AU Manney, GL Lawrence, ZD Santee, ML Livesey, NJ Lambert, A Pitts, MC AF Manney, G. L. Lawrence, Z. D. Santee, M. L. Livesey, N. J. Lambert, A. Pitts, M. C. TI Polar processing in a split vortex: Arctic ozone loss in early winter 2012/2013 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC SUDDEN WARMINGS; LIMB SOUNDER MEASUREMENTS; NITRIC-ACID; EFFECTIVE DIFFUSIVITY; CHLORINE ACTIVATION; UARS DATA; DEPLETION; TRANSPORT; CLIMATOLOGY; SATELLITE AB A sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in early January 2013 caused the Arctic polar vortex to split and temperatures to rapidly rise above the threshold for chlorine activation. However, ozone in the lower stratospheric polar vortex from late December 2012 through early February 2013 reached the lowest values on record for that time of year. Analysis of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) trace gas measurements and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) data shows that exceptional chemical ozone loss early in the 2012/13 Arctic winter resulted from a unique combination of meteorological conditions associated with the early-January 2013 SSW: unusually low temperatures in December 2012, offspring vortices within which air remained well isolated for nearly 1 month after the vortex split, and greater-than-usual vortex sunlight exposure throughout December 2012 and January 2013. Conditions in the two offspring vortices differed substantially, with the one overlying Canada having lower temperatures, lower nitric acid (HNO3), lower hydrogen chloride, more sunlight exposure/higher ClO in late January, and a later onset of chlorine deactivation than the one overlying Siberia. MLS HNO3 and CALIPSO data indicate that PSC activity in December 2012 was more extensive and persistent than at that time in any other Arctic winter in the past decade. Chlorine monoxide (ClO, measured by MLS) rose earlier than previously observed and was the largest on record through mid-January 2013. Enhanced vortex ClO persisted until mid-February despite the cessation of PSC activity when the SSW started. Vortex HNO3 remained depressed after PSCs had disappeared; passive transport calculations indicate vortexaveraged denitrification of about 4 parts per billion by volume. The estimated vortex-averaged chemical ozone loss, similar to 0.7-0.8 parts per million by volume near 500K (similar to 21 km), was the largest December/January loss in the MLS record from 2004/05 to 2014/15. C1 [Manney, G. L.] NorthWest Res Associates, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Manney, G. L.; Lawrence, Z. D.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Santee, M. L.; Livesey, N. J.; Lambert, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Pitts, M. C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Manney, GL (reprint author), NorthWest Res Associates, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM manney@nwra.com FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Thanks to the MLS team at JPL (especially Brian Knosp, Ryan Fuller, and William Daffer) for data processing, management, and analysis support and to Ken Minschwaner, Joan Alexander, and Sharon Sessions and her "Research and Communications" class at NMT for helpful comments/discussions; thanks to the two anonymous referees for their helpful comments. Thanks to Steven Pawson and the GMAO for their work in production/distribution of MERRA and GEOS-5.9.1 data. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 79 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 5381 EP 5403 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5381-2015 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BM UT WOS:000355289200004 ER PT J AU Jung, E Albrecht, BA Jonsson, HH Chen, YC Seinfeld, JH Sorooshian, A Metcalf, AR Song, S Fang, M Russell, LM AF Jung, E. Albrecht, B. A. Jonsson, H. H. Chen, Y. -C. Seinfeld, J. H. Sorooshian, A. Metcalf, A. R. Song, S. Fang, M. Russell, L. M. TI Precipitation effects of giant cloud condensation nuclei artificially introduced into stratocumulus clouds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; WARM RAIN; HYGROSCOPIC FLARES; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; MODEL; SIMULATION; BALANCE; RADAR AB To study the effect of giant cloud condensation nuclei (GCCN) on precipitation processes in stratocumulus clouds, 1-10 mu m diameter salt particles (salt powder) were released from an aircraft while flying near the cloud top on 3 August 2011 off the central coast of California. The seeded area was subsequently sampled from the aircraft that was equipped with aerosol, cloud, and precipitation probes and an upward-facing cloud radar. During post-seeding sampling, made 30-60 min after seeding, the mean cloud droplet size increased, the droplet number concentration decreased, and large drop (e.g., diameter larger than 10 mu m) concentration increased. Average drizzle rates increased from about 0.05 to 0.20 mm h(-1), and the liquid water path decreased from about 52 to 43 g m(-2). Strong radar returns associated with drizzle were observed on the post-seeding cloud-base level-leg flights and were accompanied by a substantial depletion of the cloud liquid water content. The changes were large enough to suggest that the salt particles with concentrations estimated to be 10(-2) to 10(-4) cm(-3) resulted in a four-fold increase in the cloud-base rainfall rate and depletion of the cloud water due to rainout. In contrast, a case is shown where the cloud was already precipitating (on 10 August) and the effect of adding GCCN to the cloud was insignificant. C1 [Jung, E.; Albrecht, B. A.; Song, S.; Fang, M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Jonsson, H. H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Monterey, CA USA. [Chen, Y. -C.; Seinfeld, J. H.; Metcalf, A. R.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chen, Y. -C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Jung, E (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM eunsil.jung@gmail.com RI Metcalf, Andrew/C-5666-2012; OI Metcalf, Andrew/0000-0003-0385-1356; Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1013423, AGS-1008848, AGS-1013381, AGS-1013319, ATM-0744636, AGS-0821599, ATM-0349015]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0811, N00014-10-1-0200, N00014-08-1-0465] FX The E-PEACE field campaign and modeling studies were funded by the National Science Foundation (AGS-1013423; AGS-1008848; AGS-1013381; AGS-1013319; ATM-0744636; AGS-0821599; ATM-0349015) and the Office of Naval Research (N00014-11-1-0783; N00014-10-1-0811; N00014-10-1-0200; N00014-08-1-0465). The authors gratefully acknowledge the crew of the CIRPAS Twin Otter for their assistance during the field campaign and Daniel Rosenfeld for providing the powdered salt. We also appreciate the outstanding efforts of Tom Snowdon on the design and fabrication of the salt-powder dispensing system. We greatly appreciate the thoughtful comments provided by the reviewer Jorgen Jensen. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 5645 EP 5658 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5645-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BM UT WOS:000355289200020 ER PT J AU Buchard, V da Silva, AM Colarco, PR Darmenov, A Randles, CA Govindaraju, R Torres, O Campbell, J Spurr, R AF Buchard, V. da Silva, A. M. Colarco, P. R. Darmenov, A. Randles, C. A. Govindaraju, R. Torres, O. Campbell, J. Spurr, R. TI Using the OMI aerosol index and absorption aerosol optical depth to evaluate the NASA MERRA Aerosol Reanalysis SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; REMOTE-SENSING OBSERVATIONS; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; ORGANIC-CARBON; DUST TRANSPORT; GOCART MODEL; AERONET DATA AB A radiative transfer interface has been developed to simulate the UV aerosol index (AI) from the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5) aerosol assimilated fields. The purpose of this work is to use the AI and aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) measurements as independent validation for the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Aerosol Reanalysis (MERRAero). MERRAero is based on a version of the GEOS-5 model that is radiatively coupled to the Goddard Chemistry, Aerosol, Radiation, and Transport (GOCART) aerosol module and includes assimilation of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. Since AI is dependent on aerosol concentration, optical properties and altitude of the aerosol layer, we make use of complementary observations to fully diagnose the model, including AOD from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), aerosol retrievals from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) and attenuated backscatter coefficients from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) mission to ascertain potential misplacement of plume height by the model. By sampling dust, biomass burning and pollution events in 2007 we have compared model-produced AI and AAOD with the corresponding OMI products, identifying regions where the model representation of absorbing aerosols was deficient. As a result of this study over the Saharan dust region, we have obtained a new set of dust aerosol optical properties that retains consistency with the MODIS AOD data that were assimilated, while resulting in better agreement with aerosol absorption measurements from OMI. The analysis conducted over the southern African and South American biomass burning regions indicates that revising the spectrally dependent aerosol absorption properties in the near-UV region improves the modeled-observed AI comparisons. Finally, during a period where the Asian region was mainly dominated by anthropogenic aerosols, we have performed a qualitative analysis in which the specification of anthropogenic emissions in GEOS-5 is adjusted to provide insight into discrepancies observed in AI comparisons. C1 [Buchard, V.; da Silva, A. M.; Colarco, P. R.; Darmenov, A.; Randles, C. A.; Govindaraju, R.; Torres, O.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Buchard, V.] Univ Space Res Assoc, GESTAR, Columbia, MD USA. [Randles, C. A.] Morgan State Univ, GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Govindaraju, R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Campbell, J.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Spurr, R.] RT Solut Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Buchard, V (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM virginie.buchard@nasa.gov RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662 FU Office of Naval Research [322]; NASA Langley Research Center Interagency [RPO201422] FX Author J. Campbell acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research Code 322 and NASA Langley Research Center Interagency Agreement RPO201422 on behalf of the CALIPSO Science Team. NR 67 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 5743 EP 5760 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5743-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BM UT WOS:000355289200026 ER PT J AU Pan, X Chin, M Gautam, R Bian, H Kim, D Colarco, PR Diehl, TL Takemura, T Pozzoli, L Tsigaridis, K Bauer, S Bellouin, N AF Pan, X. Chin, M. Gautam, R. Bian, H. Kim, D. Colarco, P. R. Diehl, T. L. Takemura, T. Pozzoli, L. Tsigaridis, K. Bauer, S. Bellouin, N. TI A multi-model evaluation of aerosols over South Asia: common problems and possible causes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDO-GANGETIC BASIN; BLACK CARBON; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NORTH-INDIA; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; PREMONSOON SEASON; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; TIBETAN PLATEAU; MIXING STATE; GLOBAL-MODEL AB Atmospheric pollution over South Asia attracts special attention due to its effects on regional climate, water cycle and human health. These effects are potentially growing owing to rising trends of anthropogenic aerosol emissions. In this study, the spatio-temporal aerosol distributions over South Asia from seven global aerosol models are evaluated against aerosol retrievals from NASA satellite sensors and ground-based measurements for the period of 2000-2007. Overall, substantial underestimations of aerosol loading over South Asia are found systematically in most model simulations. Averaged over the entire South Asia, the annual mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) is underestimated by a range 15 to 44% across models compared to MISR (Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer), which is the lowest bound among various satellite AOD retrievals (from MISR, SeaWiFS (Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor), MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Aqua and Terra). In particular during the postmonsoon and wintertime periods (i.e., October-January), when agricultural waste burning and anthropogenic emissions dominate, models fail to capture AOD and aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) compared to ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sunphotometer measurements. The underestimations of aerosol loading in models generally occur in the lower troposphere (below 2 km) based on the comparisons of aerosol extinction profiles calculated by the models with those from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) data. Furthermore, surface concentrations of all aerosol components (sulfate, nitrate, organic aerosol (OA) and black carbon (BC)) from the models are found much lower than in situ measurements in winter. Several possible causes for these common problems of underestimating aerosols in models during the post-monsoon and wintertime periods are identified: the aerosol hygroscopic growth and formation of secondary inorganic aerosol are suppressed in the models because relative humidity (RH) is biased far too low in the boundary layer and thus foggy conditions are poorly represented in current models, the nitrate aerosol is either missing or inadequately accounted for, and emissions from agricultural waste burning and biofuel usage are too low in the emission inventories. These common problems and possible causes found in multiple models point out directions for future model improvements in this important region. C1 [Pan, X.; Chin, M.; Bian, H.; Kim, D.; Colarco, P. R.; Diehl, T. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gautam, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Ctr Studies Resources Engn, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Gautam, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Interdisciplinary Program Climate Studies, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Bian, H.] Univ Maryland Baltimore City, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kim, D.; Diehl, T. L.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Pozzoli, L.] Istanbul Tech Univ, Eurasia Inst Earth Sci, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. [Tsigaridis, K.; Bauer, S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tsigaridis, K.; Bauer, S.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Bellouin, N.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. RP Pan, X (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM xiaohua.pan@nasa.gov RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Kim, Dongchul/H-2256-2012; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012; OI Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Kim, Dongchul/0000-0002-5659-1394; Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662; Bellouin, Nicolas/0000-0003-2109-9559 FU NASA Postdoctoral Program at the GSFC; NASA; NASA MAP Program; ACMAP Program; NASA MAP program [NN-H-04-Z-YS-008-N, NN-H-08-Z-DA-001-N]; PEGASOS [FP7-ENV-2010-265148]; Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ); Forschungszentrum Juelich FX We thank the ICARB, ISRO-GBP, and AERONET networks for making their data available. Site PIs and data managers of those networks are gratefully acknowledged. We also thank the Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Services Center for providing gridded satellite products of Sea-WiFS, MISR, and MODIS through their Giovanni website, and the AeroCom data management for providing access to the global model output used in this study. Brigitte Koffi is appreciated for providing L3 CALIOP data. We appreciate that Hiren Jethva conducted Mie calculation for us. X. Pan is supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the GSFC, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The work by M. Chin, H. Bian, D. Kim, and P. R. Colarco are supported by the NASA MAP and ACMAP Programs. S. Bauer and K. Tsigaridis have been supported by the NASA MAP program (NN-H-04-Z-YS-008-N and NN-H-08-Z-DA-001-N). L. Pozzoli was supported by PEGASOS (FP7-ENV-2010-265148). ECHAM5-HAMMOZ simulations were supported by the Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ) and the Forschungszentrum Juelich. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. We are grateful to two reviewers for their constructive and helpful comments. NR 88 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 5903 EP 5928 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5903-2015 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BM UT WOS:000355289200036 ER PT S AU Scheidler, JJ Asnani, VM Deng, ZX Dapino, MJ AF Scheidler, Justin J. Asnani, Vivake M. Deng, Zhangxian Dapino, Marcelo J. BE Goulbourne, NC TI Dynamic characterization of Galfenol SO BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites CY MAR 09-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, American Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE Galfenol; magnetomechanical characterization; dynamic stress; dynamic sensing AB A novel and precise characterization of the constitutive behavior of solid and laminated research-grade, polycrystalline Galfenol (Fe81.6Ga18.4) under under quasi-static (1 Hz) and dynamic (4 to 1000 Hz) stress loadings was recently conducted by the authors. This paper summarizes the characterization by focusing on the experimental design and the dynamic sensing response of the solid Galfenol specimen. Mechanical loads are applied using a high frequency load frame. The dynamic stress amplitude for minor and major loops is 2.88 and 31.4 MPa, respectively. Dynamic minor and major loops are measured for the bias condition resulting in maximum, quasi-static sensitivity. Three key sources of error in the dynamic measurements are accounted for: (1) electromagnetic noise in strain signals due to Galfenol's magnetic response, (2) error in load signals due to the inertial force of fixturing, and (3) time delays imposed by conditioning electronics. For dynamic characterization, strain error is kept below 1.2 % of full scale by wiring two collocated gauges in series (noise cancellation) and through lead wire weaving. Inertial force error is kept below 0.41 % by measuring the dynamic force in the specimen using a nearly collocated piezoelectric load washer. The phase response of all conditioning electronics is explicitly measured and corrected for. In general, as frequency increases, the sensing response becomes more linear due to an increase in eddy currents. The location of positive and negative saturation is the same at all frequencies. As frequency increases above about 100 Hz, the elbow in the strain versus stress response disappears as the active (soft) regime stiffens toward the passive (hard) regime. C1 [Scheidler, Justin J.; Deng, Zhangxian; Dapino, Marcelo J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, NSF I UCRC Smart Vehicle Concepts, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Asnani, Vivake M.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Div Mat & Struct, Rotating & Dr Syst Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Dapino, MJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, NSF I UCRC Smart Vehicle Concepts, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM scheidler.8@osu.edu; dapino.1@osu.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-535-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9432 AR 94320J DI 10.1117/12.2085573 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC8GD UT WOS:000355651100015 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, MJ Caradonna, FX Ramasamy, M AF Bhagwat, Mahendra J. Caradonna, Francis X. Ramasamy, Manikandan TI Wing-vortex interaction: unraveling the flowfield of a hovering rotor SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article AB This paper focuses on one of the most prominent flow features of the hovering rotor wake, the close interaction of the tip vortex with a following blade. Such vortex interactions are fundamental determinants of rotor performance, loads, and noise. Yet, they are not completely understood, largely due to the lack of sufficiently comprehensive experimental data. The present study aims to perform such comprehensive measurements, not on hovering helicopter rotors (which hugely magnifies test complexity) but using fixed-wing models in controlled wind tunnel tests. The experiments were designed to measure, in considerable detail, the aerodynamic loading resulting from a vortex interacting with a semi-span wing, as well as the wake resulting from that interaction. The goal of the present study is to answer fundamental questions such as (a) the influence of a vortex passing below a wing on the lift, drag, tip vortex, and the wake of that wing and (b) the strength of the forming tip vortex and its relation to the wing loading and/or the tip loading. This paper presents detailed wing surface pressure measurements that result from the interaction of the wing with an interacting vortex trailing from an upstream wing. The data show large lift distribution changes for a range of wing-vortex interactions including the effects of close encounter with the vortex core. Significant asymmetry in the vortex-induced lift loading was observed, with the increase in wing sectional lift outboard of the interacting vortex (closer to the tip) being much smaller than the corresponding decrease inboard of the vortex. C1 [Bhagwat, Mahendra J.; Caradonna, Francis X.] US Army Aviat Dev Directorate AFDD AMRDEC, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Ramasamy, Manikandan] NASA Ames Res Ctr, UARC AFDD, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Bhagwat, MJ (reprint author), US Army Aviat Dev Directorate AFDD AMRDEC, Ames Res Ctr, M-S 215-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM mahendra.j.bhagwat.civ@mail.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 EI 1432-1114 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD JAN PY 2015 VL 56 IS 1 AR 19 DI 10.1007/s00348-014-1893-3 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA CJ7JT UT WOS:000355671900028 ER PT S AU Bar-Cohen, Y Sherrit, S Bao, XQ Badescu, M Lee, HJ Walkemeyer, P Lih, SS AF Bar-Cohen, Yoseph Sherrit, Stewart Bao, Xiaoqi Badescu, Mircea Lee, Hyeong Jae Walkemeyer, Phillip Lih, Shyh-Shiuh BE Farinholt, KM Griffin, SF TI Actuators using piezoelectric stacks and displacement enhancers SO INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies Conference CY MAR 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Actuators; Piezoelectric Motors; Rotary Devices; Inchworm motors; Horn Actuation ID ULTRASONIC MOTORS AB Actuators are used to drive all active mechanisms including machines, robots, and manipulators to name a few. The actuators are responsible for moving, manipulating, displacing, pushing and executing any action that is needed by the mechanism. There are many types and principles of actuation that are responsible for these movements ranging from electromagnetic, electroactive, thermo-mechanic, piezoelectric, electrostrictive etc. Actuators are readily available from commercial producers but there is a great need for reducing their size, increasing their efficiency and reducing their weight. Studies at JPL's Non Destructive Evaluation and Advanced Actuators (NDEAA) Laboratory have been focused on the use of piezoelectric stacks and novel designs taking advantage of piezoelectric's potential to provide high torque/force density actuation and high electromechanical conversion efficiency. The actuators/motors that have been developed and reviewed in this paper are operated by various horn configurations as well as the use of pre-stress flexures that make them thermally stable and increases their coupling efficiency. The use of monolithic designs that pre-stress the piezoelectric stack eliminates the use of compression stress bolt. These designs enable the embedding of developed solid-state motors/actuators in any structure with the only macroscopically moving parts are the rotor or the linear translator. Finite element modeling and design tools were used to determine the requirements and operation parameters and the results were used to simulate, design and fabricate novel actuators/motors. The developed actuators and performance will be described and discussed in this paper. C1 [Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Sherrit, Stewart; Bao, Xiaoqi; Badescu, Mircea; Lee, Hyeong Jae; Walkemeyer, Phillip; Lih, Shyh-Shiuh] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Bar-Cohen, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 25 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-536-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9433 AR 943302 DI 10.1117/12.2084543 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8GO UT WOS:000355668100002 ER PT S AU Deng, ZX Asnani, VM Dapino, MJ AF Deng, Zhangxian Asnani, Vivake M. Dapino, Marcelo J. BE Farinholt, KM Griffin, SF TI Magnetostrictive vibration damper and energy harvester for rotating machinery SO INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies Conference CY MAR 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Magnetostrictive materials; vibration damper; energy harvester; COMSOL Multiphysics ID STRESS AB Vibrations generated by machine driveline components can cause excessive noise and structural damage. Magnetostrictive materials, including Galfenol (iron-gallium alloys) and Terfenol-D (terbium-irondysprosium alloys), are able to convert mechanical energy to magnetic energy. A magnetostrictive vibration ring is proposed, which generates electrical energy and dampens vibration, when installed in a machine driveline. A 2D axisymmetric finite element (FE) model incorporating magnetic, mechanical, and electrical dynamics is constructed in COMSOL Multiphysics. Based on the model, a parametric study considering magnetostrictive material geometry, pickup coil size, bias magnet strength, flux path design, and electrical load is conducted to maximize loss factor and average electrical output power. By connecting various resistive loads to the pickup coil, the maximum loss factors for Galfenol and Terfenol-D due to electrical energy loss are identified as 0.14 and 0.34, respectively. The maximum average electrical output power for Galfenol and Terfenol-D is 0.21 W and 0.58 W, respectively. The loss factors for Galfenol and Terfenol-D are increased to 0.59 and 1.83, respectively, by using an L-C resonant circuit. C1 [Deng, Zhangxian; Dapino, Marcelo J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, NSF I UCRC Smart Vehicle Concepts, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Asnani, Vivake M.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Dapino, MJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, NSF I UCRC Smart Vehicle Concepts, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM deng.92@osu.edu; dapino.1@osu.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-536-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9433 AR 94330C DI 10.1117/12.2085566 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8GO UT WOS:000355668100009 ER PT J AU Minchew, B Simons, M Hensley, S Bjornsson, H Palsson, F AF Minchew, Brent Simons, Mark Hensley, Scott Bjornsson, Helgi Palsson, Finnur TI Early melt season velocity fields of Langjokull and Hofsjokull, central Iceland SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glacier flow; glaciological instruments and methods; ice cap; ice velocity; remote sensing ID ICE STREAM-B; SUBGLACIAL DRAINAGE; SURFACE DEFORMATION; WEST ANTARCTICA; SOIL-MOISTURE; INSAR; SHEET; GLACIERS; MODELS; FLOW AB We infer the horizontal velocity fields of the ice caps Langjokull and Hofsjokull, central Iceland, using repeat-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). NASA's uninhabited aerial vehicle synthetic aperture radar (UAVSAR) acquired airborne InSAR data from multiple vantage points during the early melt season in June 2012. We develop a Bayesian approach for inferring three-dimensional velocity fields from multiple InSAR acquisitions. The horizontal components generally agree with available GPS measurements wherever ice motion is well constrained by InSAR observations. We provide evidence that changes in volumetric moisture content near the glacier surface induce phase offsets that obfuscate the vertical component of the surface velocity fields, an effect that could manifest itself on any glacier that experiences surface melt. Spatial patterns in the InSAR-derived horizontal speeds are broadly consistent with the results of a simple viscous flow model, and the directionality of the InSAR-derived horizontal flow field is nearly everywhere consistent with the ice surface gradient. Significant differences between the InSAR-derived horizontal speed and the speed predicted by the viscous flow model suggest that basal slip accounts for more than half the observed outlet glacier flow. C1 [Minchew, Brent; Simons, Mark] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hensley, Scott] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bjornsson, Helgi; Palsson, Finnur] Univ Iceland, Inst Earth Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Minchew, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM bminchew@caltech.edu RI Simons, Mark/N-4397-2015; Palsson, Finnur/B-7047-2016 OI Simons, Mark/0000-0003-1412-6395; FU NASA's Cryospheric Sciences Program; NASA Earth and Space Sciences fellowship; ARCS Foundation FX Funding for the UAVSAR campaign was provided by NASA's Cryospheric Sciences Program. B.M. was supported by a NASA Earth and Space Sciences fellowship and an ARCS Foundation fellowship. We thank the UAVSAR team and the NASA-Dryden flight crew who collected and helped process the InSAR data, T. Johannesson for providing the Hofsjokull surface DEM, S. Owen for assistance with GIPSY-OASIS and F. Ortega for reviewing the manuscript. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2015 VL 61 IS 226 BP 253 EP 266 DI 10.3189/2015JoG14J023 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CJ8UC UT WOS:000355778000006 ER PT J AU Price, D Beckers, J Ricker, R Kurtz, N Rack, W Haas, C Helm, V Hendricks, S Leonard, G Langhorne, PJ AF Price, D. Beckers, J. Ricker, R. Kurtz, N. Rack, W. Haas, C. Helm, V. Hendricks, S. Leonard, G. Langhorne, P. J. TI Evaluation of CryoSat-2 derived sea-ice freeboard over fast ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; sea ice; sea-ice growth and decay ID PLATELET ICE; THICKNESS; SNOW; MISSION; LAND; VARIABILITY; ALTIMETER; RETRIEVAL; ELEVATION; TRENDS AB Using in situ data from 2011 and 2013, we evaluate the ability of CryoSat-2 (CS-2) to retrieve sea-ice freeboard over fast ice in McMurdo Sound. This provides the first systematic validation of CS-2 in the coastal Antarctic and offers insight into the assumptions currently used to process CS-2 data. European Space Agency Level 2 (ESAL2) data are compared with results of a Waveform Fitting (WfF) procedure and a Threshold-First-Maximum-Retracker-Algorithm employed at 40% (TFMRA40). A supervised freeboard retrieval procedure is used to reduce errors associated with sea surface height identification and radar velocity in snow. We find ESAL2 freeboards located between the ice and snow freeboard rather than the frequently assumed snow/ice interface. WfF is within 0.04 m of the ice freeboard but is influenced by variable snow conditions causing increased radar backscatter from the air/snow interface. Given such snow conditions and additional uncertainties in sea surface height identification, a positive bias of 0.14 m away from the ice freeboard is observed. TFMRA40 freeboards are within 0.03 m of the snow freeboard. The separation of freeboard estimates is primarily driven by the different assumptions of each retracker, although waveform alteration by variations in snow properties and surface roughness is evident. Techniques are amended where necessary, and automatic freeboard retrieval procedures for ESAL2, WfF and TFMRA40 are presented. CS-2 detects annual fast-ice freeboard trends using all three automatic procedures that are in line with known sea-ice growth rates in the region. C1 [Price, D.; Rack, W.] Univ Canterbury, Gateway Antarctica, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Beckers, J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Ricker, R.; Helm, V.; Hendricks, S.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Kurtz, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Haas, C.] York Univ, Dept Earth Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Leonard, G.] Univ Otago, Sch Surveying, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Langhorne, P. J.] Univ Otago, Dept Phys, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Price, D (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Gateway Antarctica, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM daniel.price@pg.cantethury.ac.nz RI Leonard, Greg/F-7157-2010; Ricker, Robert/H-8874-2016; Beckers, Justin/I-2806-2014; Hendricks, Stefan/D-5168-2011; Haas, Christian/L-5279-2016 OI Ricker, Robert/0000-0001-6928-7757; Beckers, Justin/0000-0003-0751-3995; Hendricks, Stefan/0000-0002-1412-3146; Haas, Christian/0000-0002-7674-3500 FU European Space Agency [AOCRY2CAL-4512]; DLR (German Aerospace Center) [OCE1592]; German Ministry of Economics and Technology [50EE1008]; Air New Zealand; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, New Zealand [CO1X1226] FX We thank all participants in the 2011 and 2013 Antarctica New Zealand field event K063 as well as Scott Base staff for their support. CS-2 data were provided by the European Space Agency for project AOCRY2CAL-4512. The Terra-SAR-X image was provided through DLR (German Aerospace Center) project OCE1592. The work of V. Helm and S. Hendricks was funded by the German Ministry of Economics and Technology (grant 50EE1008). We appreciate the efforts of Alec Casey who provided technical assistance in data processing. A research stay for the first author at the University of Alberta was supported by Air New Zealand. Further research support was provided by the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, New Zealand, under contract CO1X1226. We thank Trimble NZ for the use of GNSS equipment, and Wolfgang Dierking for fruitful discussions. We are very grateful for the contributions of Nick Key and Justin Harrison in the design and preparation of field equipment. The comments of two anonymous reviewers and the sea-ice editor contributed to the manuscript. This work was collated at Gateway Antarctica, University of Canterbury, New Zealand. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2015 VL 61 IS 226 BP 285 EP 300 DI 10.3189/2015JoG14J157 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CJ8UC UT WOS:000355778000009 ER PT J AU Voytenk, D Stern, A Holland, DM Dixon, TH Christianson, K Walker, RT AF Voytenk, Denis Stern, Alon Holland, David M. Dixon, Timothy H. Christianson, Knut Walker, Ryan T. TI Tidally driven ice speed variation at Helheim Glacier, Greenland, observed with terrestrial radar interferometry SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glacier flow; glaciological instruments and methods; ice dynamics; ice/ocean interactions; remote sensing ID TIDEWATER GLACIER; WEST ANTARCTICA; EAST GREENLAND; TIME-SERIES; VELOCITY; SHEET; TIDE; STREAM; SHELF; DYNAMICS AB We used a terrestrial radar interferometer (TRI) at Helheim Glacier, Greenland, in August 2013, to study the effects of tidal forcing on the terminal zone of this tidewater glacier. During our study period, the glacier velocity was up to 25 m d(-1). Our measurements show that the glacier moves out of phase with the semi-diurnal tides and the densely packed melange in the fjord. Here detrended glacier displacement lags behind the forecasted tidal height by similar to 8 hours. The transition in phase lag between the glacier and the melange happens within a narrow (similar to 500 m) zone in the fjord in front of the ice cliff. The TRI data also suggest that the impact of tidal forcing decreases rapidly up-glacier of the terminus. A flowline model suggests this pattern of velocity perturbation is consistent with weak ice flowing over a weakly nonlinear bed. C1 [Voytenk, Denis; Dixon, Timothy H.] Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Stern, Alon; Holland, David M.; Christianson, Knut] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY USA. [Walker, Ryan T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Walker, Ryan T.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Voytenk, D (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM dvoytenk@mail.usf.edu FU NYU Abu Dhabi grant [G1204]; US National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs [ARC-0806393]; NASA [NNX12AB69G, NNX12AK29G]; University of South Florida FX Field support for this project was provided by NYU Abu Dhabi grant G1204 and US National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs grant ARC-0806393. Analysis was supported in part by NASA grant NNX12AB69G to D.M.H. and NNX12AK29G to T.H.D. Denise Holland is thanked for organizing the field logistics and project meetings. Additional support to D.V. and T.H.D. was provided by start-up funds from the University of South Florida. We thank Martin Truffer, Ted Scambos and an anonymous reviewer, along with two anonymous reviewers of an earlier version of the manuscript, for their valuable comments. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 10 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2015 VL 61 IS 226 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.3189/2015JoG14J173 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CJ8UC UT WOS:000355778000010 ER PT J AU Hennessy, J Jewell, AD Greer, F Lee, MC Nikzad, S AF Hennessy, John Jewell, April D. Greer, Frank Lee, Michael C. Nikzad, Shouleh TI Atomic layer deposition of magnesium fluoride via bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)magnesium and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID MGF2 THIN-FILMS; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; COATINGS; ULTRAVIOLET; LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; EVAPORATION; MAGNETRON; VACUUM; TIF4 AB A new process has been developed to deposit magnesium fluoride (MgF2) thin films via atomic layer deposition (ALD) for use as optical coatings in the ultraviolet. MgF2 was deposited in a showerhead style ALD reactor using bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)magnesium and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) as precursors at substrate temperatures from 100 to 250 degrees C. The use of HF was observed to result in improved morphology and reduced impurity content compared to other reported MgF2 ALD approaches that use metal fluoride precursors as the fluorine-containing chemistry. Characterization of these films has been performed using spectroscopic ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for material deposited on silicon substrates. Films at all substrate temperatures were transparent at wavelengths down to 190 nm and the low deposition temperature combined with low surface roughness makes these coatings good candidates for a variety of optical applications in the far ultraviolet. (C) 2014 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Hennessy, John; Jewell, April D.; Greer, Frank; Lee, Michael C.; Nikzad, Shouleh] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hennessy, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM hennessy@caltech.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA FX This research has been performed in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Financial support for A. D. Jewell was provided through the NASA Postdoctoral Program, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities. The authors acknowledge S. George at the University of Colorado for helpful discussions regarding precursor chemistry, and A. Carver, D. Wilson, and R. Muller at JPL for assisting with the development of the mirror and grating coatings. The authors also acknowledge Evans Analytical Group for the XRD measurements. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 25 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JAN PY 2015 VL 33 IS 1 AR 01A125 DI 10.1116/1.4901808 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CJ8FK UT WOS:000355735400025 ER PT S AU Chao, TH Lu, T Reyes, G AF Chao, Tien-Hsin Lu, Thomas Reyes, George BE Casasent, D Alam, MS TI Holographic Content Addressable Storage SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XXVI CY APR 22-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE Holographic Content Addressable Storage (HCAS); Holography; Correlation AB We have developed a Holographic Content Addressable Storage (HCAS) architecture. The HCAS systems consists of a DMD (Digital Micromirror Array) as the input Spatial Light Modulator (SLM), a CMOS (Complementary Metal-oxide Semiconductor) sensor as the output photodetector and a photorefractive crystal as the recording media. The HCAS system is capable of performing optical correlation of an input image/feature against massive reference data set stored in the holographic memory. Detailed system analysis will be reported in this paper. C1 [Chao, Tien-Hsin; Lu, Thomas; Reyes, George] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Chao, TH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-593-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9477 AR 94770S DI 10.1117/12.2182224 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8EY UT WOS:000355583800021 ER PT S AU Lu, T Costello, C Ginley-Hidinger, M Chao, TH AF Lu, Thomas Costello, Colin Ginley-Hidinger, Matthew Chao, Tien-Hsin BE Casasent, D Alam, MS TI Adaptive threshold and error-correction coding for robust data retrieval in optical media SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XXVI CY APR 22-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE Optical communication; noise reduction; binarization; local adaptive multi-level thresholding; crosstalk; neural network ID SYSTEMS AB Thresholding techniques that account for noise are essential for the efficiency and accuracy of an optical communication or optical data storage system. Various types of noise in the system can result in error. To recover the data from the noisy signal, the error must be corrected by a fast and accurate signal processing algorithm. By considering the crosstalk effect of the neighboring channels, we have devised a multi-level thresholding method to set the threshold values based on the neighboring channel values. We compare the binary characterization performance of a neural network and the local multi-level adaptive thresholding method for decoding noisy transmission images. We show that the multi-thresholding implementation results in an average of 57.42% less binary characterization errors than the artificial neural network across twenty unique mixed noise optical conditions. C1 [Lu, Thomas; Chao, Tien-Hsin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Costello, Colin] CALTECH, Pomona, CA USA. [Ginley-Hidinger, Matthew] Occidental Coll, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA. RP Lu, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Thomas.T.Lu@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-593-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9477 AR 94770O DI 10.1117/12.2180402 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8EY UT WOS:000355583800020 ER PT S AU Schubert, M Moore, AJ Dolph, C Woodell, G AF Schubert, Matthew Moore, Andrew J. Dolph, Chester Woodell, Glenn BE Casasent, D Alam, MS TI Machine Vision for Airport Runway Identification SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XXVI CY APR 22-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE geolocation; navigation; machine vision; image recognition ID REPRESENTATION; V2 AB For rigid objects and fixed scenes, current machine vision technology is capable of identifying imagery rapidly and with specificity over a modest range of camera viewpoints and scene illumination. We applied that capability to the problem of runway identification using video of sixteen runway approaches at nine locations, subject to two simplifying assumptions. First, by using approach video from just one of the several possible seasonal variations (no snow cover and full foliage), we artificially removed one source of scene variation in this study. Secondly, by not using approach video at dawn and dusk, we limited the study to two illumination variants (day and night). We did allow scene variation due to atmospheric turbidity by using approach video from rainy and foggy days in some daytime approaches. With suitable ensemble statistics to account for temporal continuity in video, we observed high location specificity (>90% Bayesian posterior probability). We also tested repeatability, i.e., identification of a given runway across multiple videos, and observed robust repeatability only if illumination (day vs. night) was the same and approach visibility was good. Both specificity and repeatability degraded in poor weather conditions. The results of this simplified study show that geolocation via real-time comparison of cockpit image sensor video to a database of runway approach imagery is feasible, as long as the database contains imagery from about the same time of day (complete daylight and nighttime, excluding dawn and dusk) and the weather is clear at the time of the flight. C1 [Schubert, Matthew; Moore, Andrew J.; Dolph, Chester; Woodell, Glenn] NASA, Computat Vis Lab, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Schubert, Matthew] Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Dolph, Chester] Old Domin Univ, Vis Lab, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Schubert, M (reprint author), NASA, Computat Vis Lab, Langley Res Ctr, 8 North Dryden St, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-593-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9477 AR 94770G DI 10.1117/12.2177320 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8EY UT WOS:000355583800012 ER PT J AU Theis, ML Candian, A Tielens, AGGM Lee, TJ Fortenberry, RC AF Theis, Mallory L. Candian, Alessandra Tielens, Alexander G. G. M. Lee, Timothy J. Fortenberry, Ryan C. TI Electronically excited states of PANH anions SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR BANDS; ACETALDEHYDE ENOLATE ANION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; COUPLED-CLUSTER METHOD; INFRARED-SPECTRA; BASIS-SETS; GAS-PHASE; ASTRONOMICAL IDENTIFICATION; AUTODETACHMENT SPECTROSCOPY AB The singly deprotonated anion derivatives of nitrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PANHs) are investigated for their electronically excited state properties. These include single deprotonation of the two unique arrangements of quinoline producing fourteen different isomers. This same procedure is also undertaken for single deprotonation of the three nitrogenation isomers of acridine and the three of pyrenidine. It is shown quantum chemically that the quinoline-class of PANH anion derivatives can only produce a candidate dipole-bound excited state each, a state defined as the interaction of an extra electron with the dipole moment of the corresponding neutral. However, the acridine-and pyrenidine-classes possess valence excited states as well as the possible dipole-bound excited states where the latter is only possible if the dipole moment is sufficiently large to retain the extra electron; the valence excitation is independent of the radical dipolar strength. As a result, the theoretical vertically computed electronic spectra of deprotonated PANH anion derivatives is fairly rich in the 1.5 eV to 2.5 eV range significantly opening the possibilities for these molecules to be applied to longer wavelength studies of visible and near-IR spectroscopy. Lastly, the study of these systems is also enhanced by the inclusion of informed orbital arrangements in a simply constructed basis set that is shown to be more complete and efficient than standard atom-centered functions. C1 [Theis, Mallory L.; Fortenberry, Ryan C.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Chem, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Candian, Alessandra; Tielens, Alexander G. G. M.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lee, Timothy J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Fortenberry, RC (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Chem, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. EM rfortenberry@georgiasouthern.edu RI Lee, Timothy/K-2838-2012; OI Candian, Alessandra/0000-0002-5431-4449 FU Georgia Southern University (GSU); GSU College of Science and Mathematics "Interdisciplinary Pilot Grant"; European Research Council [246976]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the NASA Astrobiology Institute [NNH13ZDA017C]; SARA supercomputer center in Amsterdam, Netherlands [MP-270-13] FX Start-up funds provided by Georgia Southern University (GSU) as well as a GSU College of Science and Mathematics "Interdisciplinary Pilot Grant" supported the work undertaken by MLT and RCF. Studies of interstellar PAHs at Leiden Observatory are supported through advanced European Research Council Grant 246976. This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the NASA Astrobiology Institute under Cooperative Agreement Notice NNH13ZDA017C issued through the Science Mission Directorate. Fig. 1-3 are produced with the CheMVP program developed at the Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry at the University of Georgia, and the authors are thankful to the developers for the use of this program. Fig. 4 and 5 are generated with the WebMO92 computational chemistry graphical user interface. Part of the calculations were performed at the SARA supercomputer center in Amsterdam, Netherlands (project MP-270-13). We are also grateful for access to the University of Nottingham High Performance Computing Facility. MLT and RCF would also like to acknowledge Prof. Clayton Heller of the GSU Department of Physics and Astronomy for the use of his computer system necessary to complete many of the initial large excited state computations. NR 92 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 22 BP 14761 EP 14772 DI 10.1039/c5cp01354b PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CJ6VN UT WOS:000355633400052 PM 25975430 ER PT S AU Bao, XQ Badescu, M Bar-Cohen, Y AF Bao, Xiaoqi Badescu, Mircea Bar-Cohen, Yoseph BE Lynch, JP Wang, KW Sohn, H TI Thermal analysis of brazing seal and sterilizing technique to break contamination chain for Mars sample return SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE seal; sterilizing; Mars sample return; contamination AB The potential to return Martian samples to Earth for extensive analysis is in great interest of the planetary science community. It is important to make sure the mission would securely contain any microbes that may possibly exist on Mars so that they would not be able to cause any adverse effects on Earth's environment. A brazing sealing and sterilizing technique has been proposed to break the Mars-to-Earth contamination chain. Thermal analysis of the brazing process was conducted for several conceptual designs that apply the technique. Control of the increase of the temperature of the Martian samples is a challenge. The temperature profiles of the Martian samples being sealed in the container were predicted by finite element thermal models. The results show that the sealing and sterilization process can be controlled such that the samples' temperature is maintained below the potentially required level, and that the brazing technique is a feasible approach to break the contamination chain. C1 [Bao, Xiaoqi; Badescu, Mircea; Bar-Cohen, Yoseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bao, XQ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM xbao@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-538-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9435 AR 943527 DI 10.1117/12.2086626 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BC8JE UT WOS:000355726100065 ER PT S AU Sherrit, S Lee, HJ Walkemeyer, P Winn, T Tosi, LP Colonius, T AF Sherrit, Stewart Lee, Hyeong Jae Walkemeyer, Phillip Winn, Tyler Tosi, Luis Phillipe Colonius, Tim BE Lynch, JP Wang, KW Sohn, H TI Fluid flow nozzle energy harvesters SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Actuators; Piezoelectric Devices; Flow Energy Harvesting; bimorphs; transducers vibrators; piezoelectric power generation; fluid structure interaction AB Power generation schemes that could be used downhole in an oil well to produce about 1 Watt average power with long-life (decades) are actively being developed. A variety of proposed energy harvesting schemes could be used to extract energy from this environment but each of these has their own limitations that limit their practical use. Since vibrating piezoelectric structures are solid state and can be driven below their fatigue limit, harvesters based on these structures are capable of operating for very long lifetimes (decades); thereby, possibly overcoming a principle limitation of existing technology based on rotating turbo-machinery. An initial survey [1] identified that spline nozzle configurations can be used to excite a vibrating piezoelectric structure in such a way as to convert the abundant flow energy into useful amounts of electrical power. This paper presents current flow energy harvesting designs and experimental results of specific spline nozzle/ bimorph design configurations which have generated suitable power per nozzle at or above well production analogous flow rates. Theoretical models for non-dimensional analysis and constitutive electromechanical model are also presented in this paper to optimize the flow harvesting system. C1 [Sherrit, Stewart; Lee, Hyeong Jae; Walkemeyer, Phillip; Winn, Tyler] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Tosi, Luis Phillipe; Colonius, Tim] CALTECH, Dept Mech Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Sherrit, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-538-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9435 AR 943507 DI 10.1117/12.2084574 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BC8JE UT WOS:000355726100005 ER PT S AU Tian, ZH Leckey, CAC Yu, LY Seebo, JP AF Tian, Zhenhua Leckey, Cara A. C. Yu, Lingyu Seebo, Jeffrey P. BE Lynch, JP Wang, KW Sohn, H TI Impact Induced Delamination Detection and Quantification with Guided Wavefield Analysis SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Guided waves; Composites; Delamination; Frequency-wavenumber analysis; Laser vibrometer ID LAMB WAVES; COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; DAMAGE AB This paper studies impact induced delamination detection and quantification methods via guided wavefield data and spatial wavenumber imaging. In this study, the complex geometry impact-like delamination damage in a composite laminate is created through the quasi-static indention technique. To detect and quantify the delamination damage, the guided ultrasonic waves are excited through a piezoelectric actuator, and the guided wavefields are measured by a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer. The acquired guided wavefields contain a wealth of information regarding the wave propagation in the composite plate and complex wave interaction at the delamination region. To process the wavefield data and evaluate the delamination damage, the measured wavefields are analyzed through the spatial wavenumber imaging method which can generate an image containing the dominant local wavenumber at each spatial location. For a proof of concept, the approach is first applied to a single Teflon insert simulating a delamination, and then to the complex geometry impact-like delamination damage. The results show that the spatial wavenumber imaging can not only determine the delamination location, but also provide quantitative information regarding the delamination size and shape. The detection results for the impact induced delamination are compared to an ultrasonic C-scan image and wavenumber images are studied for two different excitation frequencies. Fairly good agreement is observed for portions of the delamination, and differences in wavenumber are observed at the two different frequencies. Results demonstrate that the spatial wavenumber imaging is a promising technique for yielding delamination location and size information. C1 [Tian, Zhenhua; Yu, Lingyu] Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Leckey, Cara A. C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Seebo, Jeffrey P.] Analyt Mech Associates Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Yu, LY (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM yu3@cec.sc.edu RI Tian, Zhenhua/I-6687-2015 OI Tian, Zhenhua/0000-0002-1903-5604 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-538-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9435 AR 94351P DI 10.1117/12.2083358 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BC8JE UT WOS:000355726100049 ER PT S AU Abdul-Aziz, A Woike, MR Clem, M Baaklini, G AF Abdul-Aziz, Ali Woike, Mark R. Clem, Michelle Baaklini, George BE Peters, KJ TI Engine Rotor Health Monitoring; an Experimental Approach to Fault Detection and Durability Assessment SO SMART SENSOR PHENOMENA, TECHNOLOGY, NETWORKS, AND SYSTEMS INTEGRATION 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Sensor Phenomena, Technology, Networks, and Systems Integration CY MAR 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Disk Rotor; microwave sensor; captive; finite element; bode plot; crack detection AB Efforts to update and improve turbine engine components in meeting flights safety and durability requirements are commitments that engine manufacturers try to continuously fulfill. Most of their concerns and developments energies focus on the rotating components as rotor disks. These components typically undergo rigorous operating conditions and are subject to high centrifugal loadings which subject them to various failure mechanisms. Thus, developing highly advanced health monitoring technology to screen their efficacy and performance is very essential to their prolonged service life and operational success. Nondestructive evaluation techniques are among the many screening methods that presently are being used to pre-detect hidden flaws and mini cracks prior to any appalling events occurrence. Most of these methods or procedures are confined to evaluating material's discontinuities and other defects that have mature to a point where failure is eminent. Hence, development of more robust techniques to pre-predict faults prior to any catastrophic events in these components is highly vital. This paper is focused on presenting research activities covering the ongoing research efforts at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) rotor dynamics laboratory in support of developing a fault detection system for key critical turbine engine components. Data obtained from spin test experiments of a rotor disk that relates to investigating behavior of blade tip clearance, tip timing and shaft displacement based on measured data acquired from sensor devices such as eddy current, capacitive and microwave are presented. Additional results linking test data with finite element modeling to characterize the structural durability of a cracked rotor as it relays to the experimental tests and findings is also presented. An obvious difference in the vibration response is shown between the notched and the baseline no notch rotor disk indicating the presence of some type of irregularity. C1 [Abdul-Aziz, Ali; Woike, Mark R.; Clem, Michelle; Baaklini, George] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Abdul-Aziz, A (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-539-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9436 AR 94360A DI 10.1117/12.2087602 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8GN UT WOS:000355666900008 ER PT S AU Abdul-Aziz, A Wroblewski, AC Bhatt, RT Jaskowiak, MH Gorican, D Rauser, RW AF Abdul-Aziz, Ali Wroblewski, Adam C. Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. Jaskowiak, Martha H. Gorican, Daniel Rauser, Richard W. BE Peters, KJ TI Assessment of NDE methods for detecting cracks and damage in environmental barrier coated CMC tested under tension SO SMART SENSOR PHENOMENA, TECHNOLOGY, NETWORKS, AND SYSTEMS INTEGRATION 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Sensor Phenomena, Technology, Networks, and Systems Integration CY MAR 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Digital image correlation; tensile test; NDE; CMC; EBC; computer tomography ID SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; COATINGS; CERAMICS AB For validating physics based analytical models predicting spallation life of environmental barrier coating (EBC) on fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites, the fracture strength of EBC and kinetics of crack growth in EBC layers need to be experimentally determined under engine operating conditions. In this study, a multi layered barium strontium aluminum silicate (BSAS) based EBC-coated, melt infiltrated silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix composite (MI SiC/SiC) specimen was tensile tested at room temperature. Multiple tests were performed on a single specimen with increasing predetermined stress levels until final failure. During loading, the damage occurring in the EBC was monitored by digital image correlation (DIC). After unloading from the predetermined stress levels, the specimen was examined by optical microscopy and computed tomography (CT). Results indicate both optical microscopy and CT could not resolve the primary or secondary cracks developed during tensile loading until failure. On the other hand, DIC did show formation of a primary crack at similar to 50% of the ultimate tensile strength and this crack grew with increasing stress and eventually led to final failure of the specimen. Although some secondary cracks were seen in the DIC strain plots prior to final failure, the existence of these cracks were not confirmed by other methods. By using a higher resolution camera, it is possible to improve the capability of DIC in resolving secondary cracks and damage in coated specimen tested at room temperature, but use of DIC at high temperature requires significant development. Based on the current data, it appears that both optical microscopy and CT do not offer any hope for detecting crack initiation or determining crack growth in EBC coated CMC tested at room or high temperatures after the specimen has been unloaded. Other methods such as, thermography and optical/SEM of the polished cross section of EBC coated CMC specimens stressed to predetermined levels and cycled to certain time at a given stress need to be explored. C1 [Abdul-Aziz, Ali; Wroblewski, Adam C.; Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.; Jaskowiak, Martha H.; Gorican, Daniel; Rauser, Richard W.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Abdul-Aziz, A (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-539-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9436 AR 943609 DI 10.1117/12.2087600 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8GN UT WOS:000355666900007 ER PT S AU Waller, JM Saulsberry, RL Parker, BH Hodges, KL Burke, ER Taminger, KM AF Waller, Jess M. Saulsberry, Regor L. Parker, Bradford H. Hodges, Kenneth L. Burke, Eric R. Taminger, Karen M. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Summary of NDE of Additive Manufacturing Efforts in NASA SO 41ST ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 34 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Boise, ID SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, World Federat NDE Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Co Operat Res Ctr Program AB One of the major obstacles slowing the acceptance of parts made by additive manufacturing (AM) in NASA applications is the lack of a broadly accepted materials and process quality systems; and more specifically, the lack of adequate nondestructive evaluation (NDE) processes integrated into AM. Matching voluntary consensus standards are also needed to control the consistency of input materials, process equipment, process methods, finished part properties, and how those properties are characterized. As for nondestructive characterization, procedures are needed to interrogate features unique to parts made by AM, such as fine-scale porosity, deeply embedded flaws, complex part geometry, and intricate internal features. The NDE methods developed must be tailored to meet materials, design and test requirements encountered throughout the part life cycle, whether during process optimization, real-time process monitoring, finished part qualification and certification (especially of flight hardware), or in situ health monitoring. Restated, individualized process/productspecific NDE methods are needed to satisfy NASA's various quality assurance requirements. To date, only limited data have been acquired by NASA on parts made by AM. This paper summarizes the NASA AM effort, highlights available NDE data, and outlines the approach NASA is taking to apply NDE to its various AM efforts. C1 [Waller, Jess M.; Saulsberry, Regor L.] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, White Sands Test Facil, Las Cruces, NM 88011 USA. [Parker, Bradford H.; Hodges, Kenneth L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Burke, Eric R.; Taminger, Karen M.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Waller, JM (reprint author), NASA Johnson Space Ctr, White Sands Test Facil, Las Cruces, NM 88011 USA. EM jess.m.waller@nasa.gov; regor.l.saulsberry@nasa.gov; bradford.h.parker@nasa.gov; kenneth.l.hodges@nasa.gov; eric.r.burke@nasa.gov; karen.m.taminger@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1292-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1650 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1063/1.4914594 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7JI UT WOS:000354938100005 ER PT S AU Winfree, WP Howell, PA Zalameda, JN AF Winfree, William P. Howell, Patricia A. Zalameda, Joseph N. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Determination of Flaw Size from Thermographic Data SO 41ST ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 34 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Boise, ID SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, World Federat NDE Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Co Operat Res Ctr Program ID TRANSIENT THERMOGRAPHY; AIRCRAFT COMPOSITES; INVERSE SCATTERING; DEFECTS; DEPTH AB Conventional methods for reducing the pulsed thermographic responses of delaminations tend to overestimate the size of the flaw. Since the heat diffuses in the plane parallel to the surface, the resulting temperature profile over the flaw is larger than the flaw. A variational method is presented for reducing the thermographic data to produce an estimated size for the flaw that is much closer to the true size of the flaw. The size is determined from the spatial thermal response of the exterior surface above the flaw and a constraint on the length of the contour surrounding the flaw. The technique is applied to experimental data acquired on a flat bottom hole composite specimen. C1 [Winfree, William P.; Howell, Patricia A.; Zalameda, Joseph N.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Winfree, WP (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 225, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1292-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1650 BP 280 EP 289 DI 10.1063/1.4914621 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7JI UT WOS:000354938100032 ER PT S AU Ojard, G Doza, D Ouyang, Z Angel, P Smyth, I Santhosh, U Ahmad, J Gowayed, Y AF Ojard, Greg Doza, Douglas Ouyang, Zhong Angel, Paul Smyth, Imelda Santhosh, Unni Ahmad, Jalees Gowayed, Yasser BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Thermal and Destructive Interrogation of Ceramic Matrix Composites SO 41ST ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 34 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Boise, ID SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, World Federat NDE Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Co Operat Res Ctr Program AB Ceramic matrix composites are intended for elevated temperature use and their performance at temperature must be clearly understood as insertion efforts are to be realized. Most efforts to understand ceramic matrix composites at temperature are based on their lifetime at temperature under stress based on fatigue or creep testing or residual testing after some combination of temperature, stress and time. While these efforts can be insightful especially based on their mechanical performance, there is no insight into how other properties are changing with thermal exposure. To gain additional insight into oxidation behavior of CMC samples, a series of fatigue and creep samples tested at two different temperatures were non-destructively interrogated after achieving run-out conditions by multiple thermal methods and limited X-ray CT. After non-destructive analysis, residual tensile tests were undertaken at room temperature. The resulting residual properties will be compared against the non-destructive data. Analysis will be done to see if data trends can be determined and correlated to the level and duration of exposure. C1 [Ojard, Greg] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Doza, Douglas] Vantage Partners LLC, Brookpark, OH 44142 USA. [Ouyang, Zhong; Smyth, Imelda] Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Angel, Paul] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Santhosh, Unni; Ahmad, Jalees] Struct Analyt Inc, Carlsbad, CA 92010 USA. [Gowayed, Yasser] Auburn Univ, Polymer & Fiber Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Ojard, G (reprint author), United Technol Res Ctr, 411 Silver Lane, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM ojardgc@utrc.utc.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1292-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1650 BP 298 EP 305 DI 10.1063/1.4914623 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7JI UT WOS:000354938100034 ER PT S AU Kleppe, N Nurge, MA Bowler, N AF Kleppe, Nathan Nurge, Mark A. Bowler, Nicola BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Dielectric Characterization of High-Performance Spaceflight Materials SO 41ST ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 34 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Boise, ID SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, World Federat NDE Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Co Operat Res Ctr Program ID POLY(ETHER ETHER KETONE); CRYSTALLINITY; RELAXATION AB As commercial space travel increases, the need for reliable structural health monitoring to predict possible weaknesses or failures of structural materials also increases. Monitoring of these materials can be done through the use of dielectric spectroscopy by comparing permittivity or conductivity measurements performed on a sample in use to that of a pristine sample from 100 mu Hz to 3 GHz. Fluctuations in these measured values or of the relaxation frequencies, if present, can indicate chemical or physical changes occurring within the material and the possible need for maintenance/replacement. In this work, we establish indicative trends that occur due to changes in dielectric spectra during accelerated aging of various high-performance polymeric materials: ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), Poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Uses for these materials range from electrical insulation and protective coatings to windows and air-or space-craft parts that may be subject to environmental damage over long-term operation. Samples were prepared by thermal exposure and, separately, by ultraviolet/water-spray cyclic aging. The aged samples showed statistically-significant trends of either increasing or decreasing real or imaginary permittivity values, relaxation frequencies, conduction or the appearance of new relaxation modes. These results suggest that dielectric testing offers the possibility of nondestructive evaluation of the extent of age-related degradation in these materials. C1 [Kleppe, Nathan; Bowler, Nicola] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Nurge, Mark A.] NASA, Appl Phys Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Bowler, Nicola] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bowler, Nicola] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kleppe, N (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1292-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1650 BP 443 EP 452 DI 10.1063/1.4914640 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7JI UT WOS:000354938100051 ER PT S AU DeHaven, SL Wincheski, RA Albin, S AF DeHaven, S. L. Wincheski, R. A. Albin, S. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Alkali Halide Microstructured Optical Fiber for X-ray Detection SO 41ST ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 34 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Boise, ID SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, World Federat NDE Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Co Operat Res Ctr Program AB Microstructured optical fibers containing alkali halide scintillation materials of CsI(Na), CsI(Tl), and NaI(Tl) are presented. The scintillation materials are grown inside the microstructured fibers using a modified Bridgman-Stockbarger technique. The x-ray photon counts of these fibers, with and without an aluminum film coating are compared to the output of a collimated CdTe solid state detector over an energy range from 10 to 40 keV. The photon count results show significant variations in the fiber output based on the materials. The alkali halide fiber output can exceed that of the CdTe detector, dependent upon photon counter efficiency and fiber configuration. The results and associated materials difference are discussed. C1 [DeHaven, S. L.; Wincheski, R. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Albin, S.] Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. RP DeHaven, SL (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM stanton.l.dehaven@nasa.gov; russel.a.wincheski@nasa.gov; salbin@nsu.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1292-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1650 BP 571 EP 578 DI 10.1063/1.4914655 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7JI UT WOS:000354938100066 ER PT S AU Leckey, CAC Seebo, JP AF Leckey, Cara A. C. Seebo, Jeffrey P. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Guided Wave Energy Trapping to Detect Hidden Multilayer Delamination Damage SO 41ST ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 34 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Boise, ID SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, World Federat NDE Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Co Operat Res Ctr Program ID COMPOSITES AB Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) simulation tools capable of modeling three-dimensional (3D) realistic energy-damage interactions are needed for aerospace composites. Current practice in NDE/SHM simulation for composites commonly involves over-simplification of the material parameters and/or a simplified two-dimensional (2D) approach. The unique damage types that occur in composite materials (delamination, microcracking, etc) develop as complex 3D geometry features. This paper discusses the application of 3D custom ultrasonic simulation tools to study wave interaction with multilayer delamination damage in carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. In particular, simulation based studies of ultrasonic guided wave energy trapping due to multilayer delamination damage were performed. The simulation results show changes in energy trapping at the composite surface as additional delaminations are added through the composite thickness. The results demonstrate a potential approach for identifying the presence of hidden multilayer delamination damage in applications where only single-sided access to a component is available. The paper also describes recent advancements in optimizing the custom ultrasonic simulation code for increases in computation speed. C1 [Leckey, Cara A. C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Seebo, Jeffrey P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Analyt Mech Associates, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Leckey, CAC (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM cara.ac.leckey@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1292-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1650 BP 1162 EP 1169 DI 10.1063/1.4914726 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7JI UT WOS:000354938100137 ER PT S AU Wincheski, B Kim, JW Sauti, G Wainwright, E Williams, P Siochi, EJ AF Wincheski, Buzz Kim, Jae-Woo Sauti, Godfrey Wainwright, Elliot Williams, Phillip Siochi, Emile J. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques for Development and Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Based Superstructures SO 41ST ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 34 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Boise, ID SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, World Federat NDE Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Co Operat Res Ctr Program ID SHEET/BISMALEIMIDE NANOCOMPOSITES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE AB Recently, multiple commercial vendors have developed capability for the production of large-scale quantities of high-quality carbon nanotube sheets and yarns [1]. While the materials have found use in electrical shielding applications, development of structural systems composed of a high volume fraction of carbon nanotubes is still lacking [2]. A recent NASA program seeks to address this by prototyping a structural nanotube composite with strength-to-weight ratio exceeding current state-of-the-art carbon fiber composites. Commercially available carbon nanotube sheets, tapes, and yarns are being processed into high volume fraction carbon nanotube-polymer nanocomposites. Nondestructive evaluation techniques have been applied throughout this development effort for material characterization and process control. This paper will report on the progress of these efforts, including magnetic characterization of residual catalyst content, Raman scattering characterization of nanotube diameter and nanotube strain, and polarized Raman scattering for characterization of nanotube alignment. C1 [Wincheski, Buzz; Williams, Phillip; Siochi, Emile J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Kim, Jae-Woo; Sauti, Godfrey] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Wainwright, Elliot] Coll Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Wincheski, B (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM russell.a.wincheski@nasa.gov RI Kim, Jae-Woo/A-8314-2008 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1292-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1650 BP 1203 EP 1210 DI 10.1063/1.4914731 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7JI UT WOS:000354938100142 ER PT S AU Cramer, KE Perey, DF Yost, WT AF Cramer, K. Elliott Perey, Daniel F. Yost, William T. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Ultrasonic Inspection to Quantify Failure Pathologies of Crimped Electrical Connections SO 41ST ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 34 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Boise, ID SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, World Federat NDE Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Co Operat Res Ctr Program AB Previous work has shown that ultrasonic inspection provides a means of assessing electrical crimp quality that ensures the electrical and mechanical integrity of an initial crimp before the installation process is completed. The amplitude change of a compressional ultrasonic wave propagating at right angles to the wire axis and through the junction of a crimp termination was shown to correlate with the results of destructive pull tests, winch is a standard for assessing crimp wire junction quality. Of additional concern are crimps made at high speed assembly lines for wiring harnesses, which are used for critical applications, such as in aircraft. During high-speed assembly it is possible that many faulty crimps go undetected until long after assembly, and fail in service. The position and speed of the crimping jaw become factors as the high-speed crimp is formed. The work presented in this paper is designed to cover the more difficult and more subtle area of high-speed crimps by taking into account the rate change of the measurements. Building on the previous work, we present an analysis methodology, based on transmitted ultrasonic energy and timing of the first received pulse that is shown to correlate to the gauge of the crimp/ferrule combination and the position of the crimping jaw. Results demonstrating the detectability of a number of the crimp failure pathologies, such as missing strands, partially inserted wires and incomplete crimp compression, are presented. The ability of this technique to estimate crimp height, a mechanical measure of crimp quality, is discussed. C1 [Cramer, K. Elliott; Perey, Daniel F.; Yost, William T.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Cramer, KE (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS231, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM k.elliott.cramer@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1292-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1650 BP 1820 EP 1825 DI 10.1063/1.4914807 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7JI UT WOS:000354938100218 ER PT J AU Kim, GB Choi, S Danevich, FA Fleischmann, A Kang, CS Kim, HJ Kim, SR Kim, YD Kim, YH Kornoukhov, VA Lee, HJ Lee, JH Lee, MK Lee, SJ So, JH Yoon, WS AF Kim, G. B. Choi, S. Danevich, F. A. Fleischmann, A. Kang, C. S. Kim, H. J. Kim, S. R. Kim, Y. D. Kim, Y. H. Kornoukhov, V. A. Lee, H. J. Lee, J. H. Lee, M. K. Lee, S. J. So, J. H. Yoon, W. S. TI A CaMoO4 Crystal Low Temperature Detector for the AMoRE Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Search SO ADVANCES IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METALLIC MAGNETIC CALORIMETER; SCINTILLATION PROPERTIES; BOLOMETERS; MO-100 AB We report the development of a CaMoO4 crystal low temperature detector for the AMoRE neutrinoless double beta decay (0 nu beta beta) search experiment. The prototype detector cell was composed of a 216 g CaMoO4 crystal and a metallic magnetic calorimeter. An overground measurement demonstrated FWHM resolution of 6-11 keV for full absorption gamma peaks. Pulse shape discrimination was clearly demonstrated in the phonon signals, and 7.6 sigma of discrimination power was found for the alpha and beta/gamma separation. The phonon signals showed rise-times of about 1 ms. It is expected that the relatively fast rise-time will increase the rejection efficiency of two-neutrino double beta decay pile-up events which can be one of the major background sources in 0 nu beta beta searches. C1 [Kim, G. B.; Kang, C. S.; Kim, S. R.; Kim, Y. D.; Kim, Y. H.; Lee, H. J.; So, J. H.; Yoon, W. S.] Inst for Basic Sci Korea, Daejeon 305811, South Korea. [Kim, G. B.; Choi, S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Kim, G. B.; Kang, C. S.; Kim, S. R.; Kim, Y. H.; Lee, H. J.; Lee, J. H.; Lee, M. K.; Lee, S. J.; So, J. H.; Yoon, W. S.] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Daejeon 305340, South Korea. [Danevich, F. A.] Inst Nucl Res, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [Fleischmann, A.] Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Kim, H. J.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Daegu 702701, South Korea. [Kim, Y. D.] Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Kim, Y. H.] Korea Univ Sci & Technol, Daejeon 305350, South Korea. [Kornoukhov, V. A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Lee, S. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kim, YH (reprint author), Inst for Basic Sci Korea, Daejeon 305811, South Korea. EM yhk@ibs.re.kr RI Lee, Sang Jun/A-3892-2015 OI Lee, Sang Jun/0000-0002-8199-3993 FU National Research Foundation of Korea - Korean Government [NRF-2011-220-C00006, NRF-2013K2A5A3000039]; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; [IBS-R016-G1] FX This research was funded by Grant no. IBS-R016-G1 and partly supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2011-220-C00006 and NRF-2013K2A5A3000039). F. A. Danevich was supported in part by the Space Research Program of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 10 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-7357 EI 1687-7365 J9 ADV HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI Adv. High. Energy Phys. PY 2015 AR 817530 DI 10.1155/2015/817530 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA CI9SL UT WOS:000355110000001 ER PT J AU Tsurutani, BT Hajra, R Echer, E Gjerloev, JW AF Tsurutani, B. T. Hajra, R. Echer, E. Gjerloev, J. W. TI Extremely intense (SML <=-2500 nT) substorms: isolated events that are externally triggered? SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; storms and substorms ID GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; INTERPLANETARY; SHOCKS; STORMS; SOLAR; WIND AB We examine particularly intense substorms (SML <= -2500 nT), hereafter called "supersubstorms" or SSS events, to identify their nature and their magnetic storm dependences. It is found that these intense substorms are typically isolated events and are only loosely related to magnetic storms. SSS events can occur during super (Dst <= -250 nT) and intense (100 nT >= Dst > -250) magnetic storms. SSS events can also occur during nonstorm (Dst >= -50 nT) intervals. SSSs are important because the strongest ionospheric currents will flow during these events, potentially causing power outages on Earth. Several SSS examples are shown. SSS events appear to be externally triggered by small regions of very high density (similar to 30 to 50 cm(-3)) solar wind plasma parcels (PPs) impinging upon the magnetosphere. Precursor southward interplanetary magnetic fields are detected prior to the PPs hitting the magnetosphere. Our hypothesis is that these southward fields input energy into the magnetosphere/magnetotail and the PPs trigger the release of the stored energy. C1 [Tsurutani, B. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hajra, R.; Echer, E.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12201 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Gjerloev, J. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Gjerloev, J. W.] Univ Bergen, Birkeland Ctr, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Tsurutani, BT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM bruce.t.tsurutani@jpl.nasa.gov OI Hajra, Rajkumar/0000-0003-0447-1531 FU FAPESP post-doctoral research fellowship at INPE; Brazilian CNPq agency [301233/2011-0] FX Portions of this research were performed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with NASA. The work of R. Hajra is financially supported by FAPESP post-doctoral research fellowship at INPE. E. Echer would like to thank to the Brazilian CNPq (301233/2011-0) agency for financial support. The SuperMAG data were collected from the following website: http://supermag.jhuapl.edu/. The solar wind/interplanetary data were collected from the OMNI website: http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2015 VL 33 IS 5 BP 519 EP 524 DI 10.5194/angeocom-33-519-2015 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BI UT WOS:000355288800001 ER PT J AU Huang, J Liu, H Crawford, JH Chan, C Considine, DB Zhang, Y Zheng, X Zhao, C Thouret, V Oltmans, SJ Liu, SC Jones, DBA Steenrod, SD Damon, MR AF Huang, J. Liu, H. Crawford, J. H. Chan, C. Considine, D. B. Zhang, Y. Zheng, X. Zhao, C. Thouret, V. Oltmans, S. J. Liu, S. C. Jones, D. B. A. Steenrod, S. D. Damon, M. R. TI Origin of springtime ozone enhancements in the lower troposphere over Beijing: in situ measurements and model analysis SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOZAIC AIRBORNE PROGRAM; NORTH-AMERICA; HONG-KONG; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; BACKGROUND OZONE; MOIST CONVECTION; AIR-POLLUTION; SURFACE OZONE; WATER-VAPOR AB Ozone (O-3) concentrations in the lower troposphere (LT) over Beijing have significantly increased over the past 2 decades as a result of rapid industrialization in China, with important implications for regional air quality and the photochemistry of the background troposphere. We characterize the vertical distribution of lower-tropospheric (0-6 km) O-3 over Beijing using observations from 16 ozonesonde soundings during a field campaign in April-May 2005 and MOZAIC (Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus In-Service Aircraft) over 13 days in the same period. We focus on the origin of LT O-3 enhancements observed over Beijing, particularly in May. We use a global 3-D chemistry and transport model (GEOS-Chem CTM; GEOS - Goddard Earth Observing System) driven by assimilated meteorological fields to examine the transport pathways for O-3 pollution and to quantify the sources contributing to O-3 and its enhancements in the springtime LT over Beijing. Out-put from the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) CTM is also used. High O-3 concentrations (up to 94.7 ppbv) were frequently observed at the altitude of similar to 1.5-2 km. The CTMs captured the timing of the occurrences but significantly underestimated their magnitude. GEOS-Chem simulations and a case study showed that O-3 produced in the Asian troposphere (especially from Asian anthropogenic pollution) made major contributions to the observed O-3 enhancements. Contributions from anthropogenic pollution in the European and North American troposphere were reduced during these events, in contrast with days without O-3 enhancements when contributions from Europe and North America were substantial. The O-3 enhancements typically occurred under southerly wind and warmer conditions. It is suggested that an earlier onset of the Asian summer monsoon would cause more O-3 enhancement events in the LT over the North China Plain in late spring and early summer. C1 [Huang, J.; Liu, H.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Crawford, J. H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Chan, C.; Considine, D. B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, Xian, Peoples R China. [Considine, D. B.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. [Zhang, Y.] South China Inst Environm Sci, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zheng, X.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhao, C.] Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Thouret, V.] Lab Aerol, UMR5560, Toulouse, France. [Oltmans, S. J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Liu, S. C.] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Steenrod, S. D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Steenrod, S. D.; Damon, M. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Damon, M. R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Liu, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM hongyu.liu-1@nasa.gov RI Zhao, Chunsheng/D-1176-2011; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Zhao, Chunsheng/0000-0003-1951-379X; FU NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP); NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program (MAP); National Science Foundation of China; INSU-CNRS (France); Meteo-France; CNES; Universite Paul Sabatier (Toulouse, France); Research Center Julich (FZJ, Julich, Germany); EU project IAGOS-DS; EU project IAGOS-ERI; NASA ACMAP; MAP FX This work was supported by the NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP) and NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program (MAP). Ozonesonde data were obtained with support from the National Science Foundation of China. We thank the personnel at the Beijing ozonesonde station for helping with the launching of ozonesondes. The authors acknowledge the strong support of the European Commission, Airbus, and the airlines (Lufthansa, Air France, Austrian, Air Namibia, China Airlines, and Cathay Pacific so far) who have carried the MOZAIC or IAGOS equipment and performed the maintenance since 1994. MOZAIC is presently funded by INSU-CNRS (France), Meteo-France, CNES, Universite Paul Sabatier (Toulouse, France), and the Research Center Julich (FZJ, Julich, Germany). IAGOS has been and is additionally funded by the EU projects IAGOS-DS and IAGOS-ERI. The MOZAIC-IAGOS data are available via the CNES/CNRS-INSU Ether web site http://www.pole-ether.fr. The NASA Center for Computational Sciences (NCCS) provided supercomputing resources. The GEOS-Chem model is managed by the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group at Harvard University with support from NASA ACMAP and MAP. The GMI model is managed by Jose Rodriguez (Project Scientist) and Susan Strahan (Project Manager) at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with support from MAP. We thank Meiyun Lin and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions, which helped improve the manuscript. NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 35 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 9 BP 5161 EP 5179 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5161-2015 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BL UT WOS:000355289100012 ER PT J AU van Gijsel, JAE Zurita-Milla, R Stammes, P Godin-Beekmann, S Leblanc, T Marchand, M McDermid, IS Stebel, K Steinbrecht, W Swart, DPJ AF van Gijsel, J. A. E. Zurita-Milla, R. Stammes, P. Godin-Beekmann, S. Leblanc, T. Marchand, M. McDermid, I. S. Stebel, K. Steinbrecht, W. Swart, D. P. J. TI Using self-organising maps to explore ozone profile validation results - SCIAMACHY limb compared to ground-based lidar observations SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-NETWORK; SATELLITE; SPECTROMETER; TEMPERATURE; ALGORITHM AB Traditional validation of atmospheric profiles is based on the intercomparison of two or more data sets in pre-defined ranges or classes of a given observational characteristic such as latitude or solar zenith angle. In this study we trained a self-organising map (SOM) with a full time series of relative difference profiles of SCIAMACHY limb v5.02 and lidar ozone profiles from seven observation sites. Each individual observation characteristic was then mapped to the obtained SOM to investigate to which degree variation in this characteristic is explanatory for the variation seen in the SOM map. For the studied data sets, altitude-dependent relations for the global data set were found between the difference profiles and studied variables. From the lowest altitude studied (18 km) ascending, the most influencing factors were found to be longitude, followed by solar zenith angle and latitude, sensor age and again solar zenith angle together with the day of the year at the highest altitudes studied here (up to 45 km). After accounting for both latitude and longitude, residual partial correlations with a reduced magnitude are seen for various factors. However, (partial) correlations cannot point out which (combination) of the factors drives the observed differences between the ground-based and satellite ozone profiles as most of the factors are inter-related. Clustering into three classes showed that there are also some local dependencies, with for instance one cluster having a much stronger correlation with the sensor age (days since launch) between 36 and 42 km. The proposed SOM-based approach provides a powerful tool for the exploration of differences between data sets without being limited to a priori defined data subsets. C1 [van Gijsel, J. A. E.; Stammes, P.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Zurita-Milla, R.] Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Godin-Beekmann, S.; Marchand, M.] LATMOS IPSL CNRS UPMC UVSQ, Paris, France. [Leblanc, T.; McDermid, I. S.] CALTECH, NASA JPL, Wrightwood, CA USA. [Stebel, K.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Oslo, Norway. [Steinbrecht, W.] German Weather Serv DWD, Potsdam, Germany. [Swart, D. P. J.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP van Gijsel, JAE (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. EM anne.van.gijsel@knmi.nl RI Zurita-Milla, Raul/E-9333-2010; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/G-6113-2010; van Gijsel, Joanna/F-8087-2010 OI Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/0000-0003-0680-6729; FU European Space Agency (ESA) through the VALID-2 project; Netherlands Space Office (NSO) FX The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the European Space Agency (ESA) through the VALID-2 project and the Netherlands Space Office (NSO) through the NL-SCIAvisie project led by Ilse Aben (Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON)). We would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their feedback. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1951 EP 1963 DI 10.5194/amt-8-1951-2015 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BJ UT WOS:000355288900003 ER PT J AU Volkamer, R Baidar, S Campos, TL Coburn, S DiGangi, JP Dix, B Eloranta, EW Koenig, TK Morley, B Ortega, I Pierce, BR Reeves, M Sinreich, R Wang, S Zondlo, MA Romashkin, PA AF Volkamer, R. Baidar, S. Campos, T. L. Coburn, S. DiGangi, J. P. Dix, B. Eloranta, E. W. Koenig, T. K. Morley, B. Ortega, I. Pierce, B. R. Reeves, M. Sinreich, R. Wang, S. Zondlo, M. A. Romashkin, P. A. TI Aircraft measurements of BrO, IO, glyoxal, NO2, H2O, O-2-O-2 and aerosol extinction profiles in the tropics: comparison with aircraft-/ship-based in situ and lidar measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MULTIAXIS DOAS MEASUREMENTS; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPOSPHERIC BRO; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TRACE GASES; INSTRUMENT CHARACTERIZATION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS AB Tropospheric chemistry of halogens and organic carbon over tropical oceans modifies ozone and atmospheric aerosols, yet atmospheric models remain largely untested for lack of vertically resolved measurements of bromine monoxide (BrO), iodine monoxide (IO) and small oxygenated hydrocarbons like glyoxal (CHOCHO) in the tropical troposphere. BrO, IO, glyoxal, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), water vapor (H2O) and O-2-O-2 collision complexes (O-4) were measured by the University of Colorado Airborne Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CU AMAX-DOAS) instrument, aerosol extinction by high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL), in situ aerosol size distributions by an ultra high sensitivity aerosol spectrometer (UHSAS) and in situ H2O by vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VC-SEL) hygrometer. Data are presented from two research flights (RF12, RF17) aboard the National Science Foundation/National Center for Atmospheric Research Gulfstream V aircraft over the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean (tEPO) as part of the "Tropical Ocean tRoposphere Exchange of Reactive halogens and Oxygenated hydrocarbons" (TORERO) project (January/February 2012). We assess the accuracy of O4 slant column density (SCD) measurements in the presence and absence of aerosols. Our O-4-inferred aerosol extinction profiles at 477 nm agree within 6% with HSRL in the boundary layer and closely resemble the renormalized profile shape of Mie calculations constrained by UHSAS at low (sub-Rayleigh) aerosol extinction in the free troposphere. CU AMAX-DOAS provides a flexible choice of geometry, which we exploit to minimize the SCD in the reference spectrum (SCDREF, maximize signal-to-noise ratio) and to test the robustness of BrO, IO and glyoxal differential SCDs. The RF12 case study was conducted in pristine marine and free tropospheric air. The RF17 case study was conducted above the NOAA RV Ka'imimoana (TORERO cruise, KA-12-01) and provides independent validation data from ship-based in situ cavity-enhanced DOAS and MAX-DOAS. Inside the marine boundary layer (MBL) no BrO was detected (smaller than 0.5 pptv), and 0.2-0.55 pptv IO and 32-36 pptv glyoxal were observed. The near-surface concentrations agree within 30% (IO) and 10% (glyoxal) between ship and air-craft. The BrO concentration strongly increased with altitude to 3.0 pptv at 14.5 km (RF12, 9.1 to 8.6 degrees N; 101.2 to 97.4 degrees W). At 14.5 km, 5-10 pptv NO2 agree with model predictions and demonstrate good control over separating tropospheric from stratospheric absorbers (NO2 and BrO). Our profile retrievals have 12-20 degrees of freedom (DoF) and up to 500m vertical resolution. The tropospheric BrO vertical column density (VCD) was 1.5 x 10(13) molec cm(-2) (RF12) and at least 0.5 x 10(13) molec cm(-2) (RF17, 0-10 km, lower limit). Tropospheric IO VCDs correspond to 2.1 x 10(12) molec cm(-2) (RF12) and 2.5 x 10(12) molec cm 2 (RF17) and glyoxal VCDs of 2.6 x 10(14) molec cm(-2) (RF12) and 2.7 x 1014 molec cm 2 (RF17). Surprisingly, essentially all BrO as well as the dominant IO and glyoxal VCD fraction was located above 2 km (IO: 58 x 5 %, 0.1-0.2 pptv; glyoxal: 52 x 5 %, 3-20 pptv). To our knowledge there are no previous vertically resolved measurements of BrO and glyoxal from aircraft in the tropical free troposphere. The atmospheric implications are briefly discussed. Future studies are necessary to better understand the sources and impacts of free tropospheric halogens and oxygenated hydrocarbons on tropospheric ozone, aerosols, mercury oxidation and the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere. C1 [Volkamer, R.; Baidar, S.; Coburn, S.; Dix, B.; Koenig, T. K.; Ortega, I.; Sinreich, R.; Wang, S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Volkamer, R.; Baidar, S.; Coburn, S.; Koenig, T. K.; Ortega, I.; Wang, S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Campos, T. L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [DiGangi, J. P.; Zondlo, M. A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Eloranta, E. W.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Morley, B.; Reeves, M.; Romashkin, P. A.] RAF EOL, NCAR, Broomfield, CO USA. [Pierce, B. R.] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA, Madison, WI USA. [DiGangi, J. P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Wang, S.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Zondlo, Mark/R-6173-2016 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Zondlo, Mark/0000-0003-2302-9554 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1104104]; NSF; Fulbright Junior Research Award; ESRL/CIRES graduate fellowship; National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) award [ATM-0847793]; Department of Energy [DE-SC0006080]; Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) [EP-P27450/C13049, EP-P32238/C14974] FX The TORERO project is funded by the National Science Foundation under award AGS-1104104 (PI: R. Volkamer). The involvement of the NSF-sponsored Lower Atmospheric Observing Facilities, managed and operated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL), is acknowledged. We thank Jorgen Jensen and Mathew Hayman for helpful discussions. S. Wang is a recipient of the Fulbright Junior Research Award; S. Baidar is a recipient of ESRL/CIRES graduate fellowship. R. Volkamer acknowledges financial support from National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) award ATM-0847793, Department of Energy award DE-SC0006080 and Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) contracts EP-P27450/C13049 and EP-P32238/C14974 that supported the development of the AMAX-DOAS instrument and software/data analysis tools used in this study. NR 122 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 10 U2 58 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5 BP 2121 EP 2148 DI 10.5194/amt-8-2121-2015 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BJ UT WOS:000355288900013 ER PT J AU Christensen, M Zhang, J Reid, JS Zhang, X Hyer, EJ Smirnov, A AF Christensen, M. Zhang, J. Reid, J. S. Zhang, X. Hyer, E. J. Smirnov, A. TI A theoretical study of the effect of subsurface oceanic bubbles on the enhanced aerosol optical depth band over the southern oceans as detected from MODIS and MISR SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID BREAKING WIND-WAVES; NATURAL MICROBUBBLES; DATA-ASSIMILATION; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; SEA FOAM; REFLECTANCE; RETRIEVALS; AERONET; WATER; ENTRAINMENT AB Submerged oceanic bubbles, which have a much longer life span than whitecaps or bubble rafts, have been hypothesized to increase the water-leaving radiance and thus affect satellite-based estimates of water-leaving radiance to non-trivial levels. This study explores this effect further to determine whether such bubbles are of sufficient magnitude to impact satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals through perturbation of the lower boundary conditions. There has been significant discussion in the community regarding the high positive biases in retrieved AODs in many remote ocean regions. In this study, for the first time, the effects of oceanic bubbles on satellite retrievals of AOD are studied by using a linked Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) atmospheric and HydroLight oceanic radiative transfer models. The results suggest an insignificant impact on AOD retrievals in regions with near-surface wind speeds of less than 12ms(-1). However, the impact of bubbles on aerosol retrievals could be on the order of 0.02-0.04 for higher wind conditions within the scope of our simulations (e. g., winds < 20m s(-1). This bias is propagated to global scales using 1 year of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer EOS (AMSR-E) data to investigate the possible impacts of oceanic bubbles on an enhanced AOD belt observed over the high-latitude southern oceans (also called the enhanced southern oceans anomaly, or ESOA) by some passive satellite sensors. Ultimately, this study is supportive of the null hypothesis: submerged bubbles are not the major contributor to the ESOA feature. This said, as retrievals progress to higher and higher resolutions, such as from airborne platforms, the uniform bubble correction in clean marine conditions should probably be separately accounted for against individual bright whitecaps and bubble rafts. C1 [Christensen, M.; Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Reid, J. S.; Hyer, E. J.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Zhang, X.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Earth Syst Sci & Policy, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Smirnov, A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Smirnov, A.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. EM jzhang@atmos.und.edu RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009 OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Smirnov, Alexander/0000-0002-8208-1304 FU Office of Naval Research Codes 322 [N00014-10-0816, N0001414AF00002]; NASA project [NNX14AJ13G]; NASA EPSCoR [NNX13AB20A]; NSF [IIA-1355466] FX Jianglong Zhang and Jeffrey Reid acknowledge the support from the Office of Naval Research Codes 322 (N00014-10-0816 and N0001414AF00002). Matthew Christensen and Jianglong Zhang acknowledge the support of the NASA project (NNX14AJ13G). Xiaodong Zhang acknowledges the support of a NASA EPSCoR grant NNX13AB20A as well as NSF IIA-1355466. MODIS data were obtained from the Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS). We also thank individual PIs from the AERONET sites for the sunphotometer data. We also thank Andrew Sayer and another reviewer for their constructive comments/suggestions. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5 BP 2149 EP 2160 DI 10.5194/amt-8-2149-2015 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BJ UT WOS:000355288900014 ER PT J AU Molod, A Takacs, L Suarez, M Bacmeister, J AF Molod, A. Takacs, L. Suarez, M. Bacmeister, J. TI Development of the GEOS-5 atmospheric general circulation model: evolution from MERRA to MERRA2 SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; PARAMETERIZATION; IMPACT; RESOLUTION; CLIMATE; STRATOSPHERE; CONVECTION; SIMULATIONS; SENSITIVITY; SCALES AB The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications-2 (MERRA2) version of the Goddard Earth Observing System-5 (GEOS-5) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) is currently in use in the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at a wide range of resolutions for a variety of applications. Details of the changes in parameterizations subsequent to the version in the original MERRA reanalysis are presented here. Results of a series of atmosphere-only sensitivity studies are shown to demonstrate changes in simulated climate associated with specific changes in physical parameterizations, and the impact of the newly implemented resolution-aware behavior on simulations at different resolutions is demonstrated. The GEOS-5 AGCM presented here is the model used as part of the GMAO MERRA2 reanalysis, global mesoscale simulations at 10 km resolution through 1.5 km resolution, the real-time numerical weather prediction system, and for atmosphere-only, coupled ocean-atmosphere and coupled atmosphere-chemistry simulations. The seasonal mean climate of the MERRA2 version of the GEOS-5 AGCM represents a substantial improvement over the simulated climate of the MERRA version at all resolutions and for all applications. Fundamental improvements in simulated climate are associated with the increased re-evaporation of frozen precipitation and cloud condensate, resulting in a wetter atmosphere. Improvements in simulated climate are also shown to be attributable to changes in the background gravity wave drag, and to upgrades in the relationship between the ocean surface stress and the ocean roughness. The series of resolution-aware parameters related to the moist physics was shown to result in improvements at higher resolutions and result in AGCM simulations that exhibit seamless behavior across different resolutions and applications. C1 [Molod, A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Takacs, L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Suarez, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bacmeister, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Molod, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM andrea.molod@nasa.gov FU NASA [WBS 802678.02.17.01.211, 802678.02.17.01.25]; NSF [0620087] FX The GEOS-5 AGCM development in the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office is funded by NASA's Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) program under WBS 802678.02.17.01.211 and 802678.02.17.01.25. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of David Considine, the MAP project manager. We appreciate the contribution of the many others in the GMAO who participated in various key ways to the development of the GEOS-5 AGCM. The analysis of GEOS-5 AGCM simulations at many spatial and temporal scales was performed by Siegfried Schubert, Yehui Chang, and Myong-In Lee, and the analysis of the GCM performance in data assimilation and numerical weather prediction modes was performed by Stephen Bloom, Gary Partyka, and Austin Conaty. The feedback from William Putman about the performance of the AGCM at very high horizontal resolution was critical in the ability to run the GEOS-5 AGCM seamlessly across a wide range of resolutions, and the analysis of the transport of tracers done by Lesley Ott aided in the understanding of model errors. In addition, the feedback to AGCM development from GMAO scientists involved in the development of the other component models of the GEOS-5 GCM, including Yury Vikhaelev, Bin Zhao, J. Eric Nielsen, Arlindo da Silva, Randal Koster, Rolf Reichle, and Sarith Mahanama, was invaluable. In addition, the efforts of Peter Norris in the development and testing of the satellite simulator component of the GCM are appreciated. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Atanas Tryanov, Matt Thompson, and Ben Auer to the AGCM infrastructure that made the AGCM tractable and portable to different platforms. All of these contributions made the simulations possible. The simulations were performed at the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center and at the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of personnel at both of those computing centers. Finally, author A. Molod prepared the manuscript at two GAIN writing retreats, sponsored by NSF grant number 0620087. NR 45 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1339 EP 1356 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-1339-2015 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CJ2BK UT WOS:000355289000006 ER PT J AU Kendall, CG Stockton, AM Leicht, S McCaig, H Chung, S Scott, V Zhong, F Lin, Y AF Kendall, Christian G. Stockton, Amanda M. Leicht, Stephen McCaig, Heather Chung, Shirley Scott, Valerie Zhong, Fang Lin, Ying TI Amine Analysis Using AlexaFluor 488 Succinimidyl Ester and Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACIDS; SEARCH AB Fluorescent probes enable detection of otherwise nonfluorescent species via highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence. Organic amines are predominantly nonfluorescent and are of analytical interest in agricultural and food science, biomedical applications, and biowarfare detection. Alexa Fluor 488 N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester (AF488 NHS-ester) is an amine-specific fluorescent probe. Here, we demonstrate low limit of detection of long-chain (C-9 to C-18) primary amines and optimize AF488 derivatization of long-chain primary amines. The reaction was found to be equally efficient in all solvents studied (dimethylsulfoxide, ethanol, and N,N-dimethylformamide). While an organic base (N,N-diisopropylethylamine) is required to achieve efficient reaction between AF488 NHS-ester and organic amines with longer hydrophobic chains, high concentrations (>5mM) result in increased levels of ethylamine and propylamine in the blank. Optimal incubation times were found to be >12 hrs at room temperature. We present an initial capillary electrophoresis separation for analysis using a simple micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) buffer consisting of 12 mM sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and 5 mM carbonate, pH 10. Limits of detection using the optimized labeling conditions and these separation conditions were 5-17 nM. The method presented here represents a novel addition to the arsenal of fluorescent probes available for highly sensitive analysis of small organic molecules. C1 [Kendall, Christian G.; Stockton, Amanda M.; Leicht, Stephen; McCaig, Heather; Chung, Shirley; Scott, Valerie; Zhong, Fang; Lin, Ying] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kendall, Christian G.] Weill Cornell Grad Sch Med Sci, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Stockton, Amanda M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Leicht, Stephen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Zhong, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM fang.zhong@jpl.nasa.gov; ying.lin@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA Astrobiology Science and Technology Instrument Development program; Government sponsorship FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and was supported by the NASA Astrobiology Science and Technology Instrument Development program. The JPL author's copyright for this paper is held by the California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship is acknowledged. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 2090-8865 EI 2090-8873 J9 J ANAL METHODS CHEM JI J. Anal. Methods Chem. PY 2015 AR 368362 DI 10.1155/2015/368362 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Civil SC Chemistry; Engineering GA CJ5TE UT WOS:000355551500001 ER PT B AU Kovitz, JM Rahmat-Samii, Y AF Kovitz, Joshua M. Rahmat-Samii, Yahya BE Yu, W Li, W Elsherbeni, A RahmatSamii, Y TI Novelties of Spectral Domain Analysis in Antenna Characterizations: Concept, Formulation, and Applications SO ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETIC METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REFLECTOR ANTENNAS; FIELD; COMPUTATION; APERTURES; RANGE C1 [Rahmat-Samii, Yahya] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Rahmat-Samii, Yahya] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rahmat-Samii, Yahya] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Kovitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Antenna Res Anal & Measurement Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-896-7 PY 2015 BP 1 EP 81 PG 81 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC4TK UT WOS:000352920600001 ER PT S AU Ballachey, BE Bodkin, JL Esler, D Rice, SD AF Ballachey, Brenda E. Bodkin, James L. Esler, Daniel Rice, Stanley D. BE Alford, JB Peterson, MS Green, CC TI Lessons from the 1989 Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: A Biological Perspective SO IMPACTS OF OIL SPILL DISASTERS ON MARINE HABITATS AND FISHERIES IN NORTH AMERICA SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE; PINK SALMON; SEA OTTERS; CRUDE-OIL; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; JUVENILE PINK; CYTOCHROME-P4501A INDUCTION C1 [Ballachey, Brenda E.; Bodkin, James L.; Esler, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Rice, Stanley D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK USA. RP Ballachey, BE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 105 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 18 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4665-5721-5; 978-1-4665-5720-8 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2015 BP 181 EP 197 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC7CH UT WOS:000354736900010 ER PT J AU Chanakian, S Zevalkink, A Aydemir, U Gibbs, ZM Pomrehn, G Fleurial, JP Bux, S Snyder, GJ AF Chanakian, Sevan Zevalkink, Alex Aydemir, Umut Gibbs, Zachary M. Pomrehn, Gregory Fleurial, Jean-Pierre Bux, Sabah Snyder, G. Jeffrey TI Enhanced thermoelectric properties of Sr5In2Sb6 via Zn-doping SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID POWER-GENERATION; ZINTL COMPOUND; SUBSTITUTION; PERFORMANCE; CA5IN2SB6 AB Zintl phases exhibit inherently low thermal conductivity and adjustable electronic properties, which are integral to designing high-efficiency thermoelectric materials. Inspired by the promising thermoelectric figure of merit of optimized A(5)M(2)Sb(6) Zintl phases (A = Ca or Sr, M = Al, Ga, In), Zn-doped Sr5In2-xZnxSb6 (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1) compounds were investigated. Optical absorption measurements combined with band structure calculations indicate two distinct energy transitions for Sr5In2Sb6, one direct (E-g similar to 0.3 eV) and the other from a lower valence band manifold to the conduction band edge (E-g similar to 0.55 eV). Sr5In2Sb6 exhibits nondegenerate p-type semiconducting behavior with low carrier concentration (similar to 4 x 10(18) h(+) cm(-3) at 300 K). Charge carrier tuning was achieved by Zn2+ substitution on the In3+ site, increasing carrier concentrations to up to 10(20) h(+) cm(-3). All samples displayed relatively low thermal conductivities (similar to 0.7 W m(-1) K-1 at 700 K). The Zn-doped samples exhibited significantly higher zT values compared to the undoped sample, reaching a value of similar to 0.4 at 750 K for Sr5In1.9Zn0.1Sb6. C1 [Chanakian, Sevan; Zevalkink, Alex; Aydemir, Umut; Pomrehn, Gregory; Snyder, G. Jeffrey] CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys & Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zevalkink, Alex; Fleurial, Jean-Pierre; Bux, Sabah] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Thermal Energy Convers Technol Grp, Pasadena, CA USA. [Gibbs, Zachary M.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Snyder, GJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys & Mat Sci, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jsnyder@caltech.edu RI Snyder, G/I-2263-2015; Snyder, G. Jeffrey/E-4453-2011; Aydemir, Umut/P-8424-2015 OI Snyder, G. Jeffrey/0000-0003-1414-8682; Aydemir, Umut/0000-0003-1164-1973 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA Science Missions Directorate's Radioisotope Power Systems Technology Advancement Program; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey FX This research was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and was supported by the NASA Science Missions Directorate's Radioisotope Power Systems Technology Advancement Program. S. C. would like to thank Jan-Hendrik Poehls, Stephen Dongmin Kang, and Saneyuki Ohno for their helpful discussions. U. A. acknowledges the financial assistance of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. We would like to acknowledge the Molecular Materials Research Center (MMRC) at Caltech for allowing use of their instruments for the optical measurements obtained in this work. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2015 VL 3 IS 19 BP 10289 EP 10295 DI 10.1039/c5ta01967b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CH7GS UT WOS:000354204500021 ER PT J AU Hudson, RL Gerakines, PA Loeffler, MJ AF Hudson, R. L. Gerakines, P. A. Loeffler, M. J. TI Activation of weak IR fundamentals of two species of astrochemical interest in the T-d point group - the importance of amorphous ices SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS; SOLAR-SYSTEM ICES; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; PLANETARY-ATMOSPHERES; AMMONIUM HYDROSULFIDE; SELECTION RULES; THIN-FILMS; SPECTRA; METHANE; CH4 AB New measurements are reported on the weak v(1) and v(2) fundamentals of frozen CH4, a solid of considerable astrochemical interest. Infrared spectra in the v(1) and v(2) regions are presented for three CH4-ice phases at 10-30 K with new absorption coefficients and band strengths to quantify the results. In contrast to the situation with the two crystalline phases of CH4, both v(1) and v(2) were seen clearly in methane's amorphous phase. To support our CH4 work, we also present new results for NH4SH, a component of Jupiter's atmosphere, showing that the v(2) vibration of NH4+ undergoes a dramatic loss of intensity during an amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition, but is regenerated in equally-dramatic fashion by radiation-induced amorphization of the sample. Results are compared to work recently published in this journal and elsewhere. C1 [Hudson, R. L.; Gerakines, P. A.; Loeffler, M. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hudson, RL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM reggie.hudson@nasa.gov RI Gerakines, Perry/D-2226-2012; Loeffler, Mark/C-9477-2012 OI Gerakines, Perry/0000-0002-9667-5904; FU NASA; NASA Astrobiology Institute through Goddard Center for Astrobiology FX NASA funding through the Outer Planets Research, Cassini Data Analysis, and Astrophysical Research and Analysis programs is acknowledged, as is partial support from the NASA Astrobiology Institute through the Goddard Center for Astrobiology. Chris Bennett, first author of Bennett et al.,18 is thanked for a copy of the original spectrum on which Fig. 1 of that paper is based. The proton accelerator we used was maintained by Steve Brown, Tom Ward, and Eugene Gerashchenko, engineers in the NASA Goddard Radiation Effects Facility. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 19 BP 12545 EP 12552 DI 10.1039/c5cp00975h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CH7DH UT WOS:000354195300016 PM 25899062 ER PT J AU Brocchini, M Calantoni, J Reed, AH Postacchini, M Lorenzoni, C Russo, A Mancinelli, A Corvaro, S Moriconi, G Soldini, L AF Brocchini, Maurizio Calantoni, Joseph Reed, Allen H. Postacchini, Matteo Lorenzoni, Carlo Russo, Aniello Mancinelli, Alessandro Corvaro, Sara Moriconi, Giacomo Soldini, Luciano TI Summertime conditions of a muddy estuarine environment: the EsCoSed project contribution SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bed evolution; currents; estuarine; muddy environment; riverine; waves ID SYSTEM; WAVE AB As part of the Estuarine Cohesive Sediments (EsCoSed) project, a field experiment was performed in a highly engineered environment, acting as a natural laboratory, to study the physico-chemical properties of estuarine sediments and the associated hydro-morphodynamics during different seasons. The present contribution focuses on the results obtained from the summertime monitoring of the most downstream part of the Misa River (Senigallia, Italy). The measured hydrodynamics suggested a strong interaction between river current, wave forcing and tidal motion; flow velocities, affected by wind waves traveling upstream, changed significantly along the water column in both direction and magnitude. Surficial salinities in the estuary were low in the upper reaches of the estuary and exceeded 10 psu before the river mouth. Montmorillonite dominated the clay mineral assemblage, suggesting that large, low density flocs with high settling velocities (> 1 mms(-1)) may dominate the suspended aggregate materials. C1 [Brocchini, Maurizio; Postacchini, Matteo; Lorenzoni, Carlo; Mancinelli, Alessandro; Corvaro, Sara; Soldini, Luciano] Univ Politecn Marche, Dept ICEA, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. [Calantoni, Joseph; Reed, Allen H.] Stennis Space Ctr, Marine Geosci Div, Maval Res Lab, Jackson, MS 39556 USA. [Russo, Aniello] Univ Politecn Marche, Dept ISVA, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. [Moriconi, Giacomo] Univ Politecn Marche, Dept SIMAU, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. RP Postacchini, M (reprint author), Univ Politecn Marche, Dept ICEA, Via Brecce Bianche 12, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. EM m.postacchini@univpm.it RI Russo, Aniello/A-2319-2010; OI Russo, Aniello/0000-0003-3651-8146; Postacchini, Matteo/0000-0002-3208-9922 FU ONR Global (UK), through the NICOP Research Grant [N62909-13-1-N020]; Italian RITMARE Flagship Project (SP3-WP4); Italian Ministry of University and Research; Office of Naval Research FX Financial support from the ONR Global (UK), through the NICOP Research Grant (N62909-13-1-N020) and from the Italian RITMARE Flagship Project (SP3-WP4), a National Research Programme funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, are gratefully acknowledged. JC and AHR were supported under base funding to the Naval Research Laboratory from the Office of Naval Research. The authors would like to thank the following authorities: the Municipality of Senigallia, the Capitaneria di Porto of Senigallia and of Ancona, MARIDIPART La Spezia and MARIFARI Venezia. Acknowledgments go also to: GESTIPORT (Senigallia), Club Nautico (Senigallia), NOTA srl (Senigallia), Carmar Sub (Ancona), Sena Gallica (Senigallia), METIS S. R. L. (Senigallia). Special thanks go to Dr P. Paroncini and Mr A. Coluccelli for their help in the maritime operations, to Mr O. Favoni for his help in the analysis of the sediments, to Prof E. S. Malinverni, for the use of a total station, to Mr M. Trinchera for his continued help in all operations and to all the staff working at the lighthouse of Senigallia. Mr Coluccelli is also acknowledged for the COAWST setup in the northern Adriatic and its operational management, and the Hydro-Meteo-Clima Service of the Emilia-Romagna Environmental Agency (SIMC-ARPA-EMR, Bologna, Italy) for operationally providing boundary conditions (from AdriaROMS, SWAN Italia and COSMO-I7 forecasts, and Po River discharge measurements) to COAWST. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 EI 1996-9732 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1451 EP 1457 DI 10.2166/wst.2015.116 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CI4NR UT WOS:000354728000004 PM 26442485 ER PT B AU Denninghoff, G Bias, S AF Denninghoff, George Bias, Sheri BE Sims, RR Sauser, WI TI ALIGNING RESPECT AND DIGNITY WITH ORGANIZATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND EXTERNAL REGULATION SO LEGAL AND REGULATORY ISSUES IN HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SE Contemporary Human Resource Management Issues Challenges and Opportunities LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Denninghoff, George] NASA, Strateg Relationships Off Designing Workpl Future, Washington, DC USA. [Denninghoff, George] NASA, TEDex 1, Washington, DC USA. [Denninghoff, George] George Washington Univ, Grad Sch Human Resource Dev & Law Consulting Skil, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Denninghoff, George] Human Resource Certificat Inst, Board Directors, Alexandria, VA USA. [Bias, Sheri] St Leo Univ, St Leo, FL USA. [Bias, Sheri] Philip Morris Inc, St Louis, MO USA. [Bias, Sheri] Anheuser Busch, St Louis, MO USA. [Bias, Sheri] Coll William & Mary, Business & Human Resources Course, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Bias, Sheri] George Washington Univ, Business & Human Resources Course, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Bias, Sheri] Univ Virginia, Business & Human Resources Course, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Bias, Sheri] Hampton Univ, Business & Human Resources Course, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-841-0; 978-1-62396-842-7 J9 CONT HUM RES MANAG PY 2015 BP 73 EP 95 PG 23 WC Law; Management SC Government & Law; Business & Economics GA BC0TB UT WOS:000349502400004 ER PT J AU Henderson, JM Eluszkiewicz, J Mountain, ME Nehrkorn, T Chang, RYW Karion, A Miller, JB Sweeney, C Steiner, N Wofsy, SC Miller, CE AF Henderson, J. M. Eluszkiewicz, J. Mountain, M. E. Nehrkorn, T. Chang, R. Y. -W. Karion, A. Miller, J. B. Sweeney, C. Steiner, N. Wofsy, S. C. Miller, C. E. TI Atmospheric transport simulations in support of the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OZONE DEPOSITION; WEATHER RESEARCH; MODELING SYSTEM; STILT MODEL; SEA-ICE; DISPERSION; SUMMER; SENSITIVITY; EMISSIONS; LAND AB This paper describes the atmospheric modeling that underlies the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE) science analysis, including its meteorological and atmospheric transport components (polar variant of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Stochastic Time Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) models), and provides WRF validation for May-October 2012 and March-November 2013 - the first 2 years of the aircraft field campaign. A triply nested computational domain for WRF was chosen so that the innermost domain with 3.3 km grid spacing encompasses the entire mainland of Alaska and enables the substantial orography of the state to be represented by the underlying high-resolution topographic input field. Summary statistics of the WRF model performance on the 3.3 km grid indicate good overall agreement with quality-controlled surface and radiosonde observations. Two-meter temperatures are generally too cold by approximately 1.4 K in 2012 and 1.1 K in 2013, while 2 m dewpoint temperatures are too low (dry) by 0.2 K in 2012 and too high (moist) by 0.6 K in 2013. Wind speeds are biased too low by 0.2 m s(-1) in 2012 and 0.3 ms(-1) in 2013. Model representation of upper level variables is very good. These measures are comparable to model performance metrics of similar model configurations found in the literature. The high quality of these fine-resolution WRF meteorological fields inspires confidence in their use to drive STILT for the purpose of computing surface influences ("footprints") at commensurably increased resolution. Indeed, footprints generated on a 0.1 degrees grid show increased spatial detail compared with those on the more common 0.5 degrees grid, better allowing for convolution with flux models for carbon dioxide and methane across the heterogeneous Alaskan landscape. Ozone deposition rates computed using STILT footprints indicate good agreement with observations and exhibit realistic seasonal variability, further indicating that WRF-STILT footprints are of high quality and will support accurate estimates of CO2 and CH4 surface-atmosphere fluxes using CARVE observations. C1 [Henderson, J. M.; Eluszkiewicz, J.; Mountain, M. E.; Nehrkorn, T.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Chang, R. Y. -W.; Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Karion, A.; Miller, J. B.; Sweeney, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Steiner, N.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Miller, C. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Henderson, JM (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM jhenders@aer.com OI Nehrkorn, Thomas/0000-0003-0637-3468 NR 75 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 4093 EP 4116 DI 10.5194/acp-15-4093-2015 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH2EH UT WOS:000353838000008 ER PT J AU Nedoluha, GE Siskind, DE Lambert, A Boone, C AF Nedoluha, G. E. Siskind, D. E. Lambert, A. Boone, C. TI The decrease in mid-stratospheric tropical ozone since 1991 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT ACE; SAGE-II; TRENDS; MODEL; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; VALIDATION; PROFILE; GASES; HALOE AB While global stratospheric O-3 has begun to recover, there are localized regions where O-3 has decreased since 1991. Specifically, we use measurements from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) for the period 1991-2005 and the NASA Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) for the period 2004-2013 to demonstrate a significant decrease in O-3 near similar to 10 hPa in the tropics. O-3 in this region is very sensitive to variations in NOy, and the observed decrease can be understood as a spatially localized, yet long-term increase in NOy. In turn, using data from MLS and from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), we show that the NOy variations are caused by decreases in N2O which are likely linked to long-term variations in dynamics. To illustrate how variations in dynamics can affect N2O and O-3, we show that by decreasing the upwelling in the tropics, more of the N2O can photodissociate with a concomitant increase in NOy production (via N2O + O(D-1) -> 2NO) at 10 hPa. Ultimately, this can cause an O-3 decrease of the observed magnitude. C1 [Nedoluha, G. E.; Siskind, D. E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lambert, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Boone, C.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Nedoluha, GE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nedoluha@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA under the Upper Atmosphere Research Program; Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX This project was funded by NASA under the Upper Atmosphere Research Program, by the Naval Research Laboratory, and by the Office of Naval Research. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. MLS and HALOE data are available from the NASA Goddard Earth Science Data Information and Services Center (acdisc.gsfc.nasa.gov). ACE-FTS data is available at www.ace.uwaterloo.ca. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 4215 EP 4224 DI 10.5194/acp-15-4215-2015 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH2EH UT WOS:000353838000015 ER PT J AU Van Wyngarden, AL Perez-Montano, S Bui, JVH Li, ESW Nelson, TE Ha, KT Leong, L Iraci, LT AF Van Wyngarden, A. L. Perez-Montano, S. Bui, J. V. H. Li, E. S. W. Nelson, T. E. Ha, K. T. Leong, L. Iraci, L. T. TI Complex chemical composition of colored surface films formed from reactions of propanal in sulfuric acid at upper troposphere/lower stratosphere aerosol acidities SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; UV MOLAR ABSORPTIVITIES; AQUEOUS AEROSOL; ALIPHATIC-ALDEHYDES; ALDOL CONDENSATION; HETEROGENEOUS HYDROLYSIS; ORGANOSULFATE FORMATION; CATALYZED REACTIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; N2O5 HYDROLYSIS AB Particles in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) consist mostly of concentrated sulfuric acid (40-80 wt %) in water. However, airborne measurements have shown that these particles also contain a significant fraction of organic compounds of unknown chemical composition. Acid-catalyzed reactions of carbonyl species are believed to be responsible for significant transfer of gas phase organic species into tropospheric aerosols and are potentially more important at the high acidities characteristic of UT/LS particles. In this study, experiments combining sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with propanal and with mixtures of propanal with glyoxal and/or methylglyoxal at acidities typical of UT/LS aerosols produced highly colored surface films (and solutions) that may have implications for aerosol properties. In order to identify the chemical processes responsible for the formation of the surface films, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies were used to analyze the chemical composition of the films. Films formed from propanal were a complex mixture of aldol condensation products, acetals and propanal itself. The major aldol condensation products were the dimer (2-methyl-2-pentenal) and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene that was formed by cyclization of the linear aldol condensation trimer. Additionally, the strong visible absorption of the films indicates that higher-order aldol condensation products must also be present as minor species. The major acetal species were 2,4,6-triethyl-1,3,5-trioxane and longer-chain linear polyacetals which are likely to separate from the aqueous phase. Films formed on mixtures of propanal with glyoxal and/or methylglyoxal also showed evidence of products of cross-reactions. Since cross-reactions would be more likely than self-reactions under atmospheric conditions, similar reactions of aldehydes like propanal with common aerosol organic species like glyoxal and methylglyoxal have the potential to produce significant organic aerosol mass and therefore could potentially impact chemical, optical and/or cloud-forming properties of aerosols, especially if the products partition to the aerosol surface. C1 [Van Wyngarden, A. L.; Perez-Montano, S.; Bui, J. V. H.; Li, E. S. W.; Nelson, T. E.; Ha, K. T.; Leong, L.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Chem, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Iraci, L. T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Atmospher Sci Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Van Wyngarden, AL (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Chem, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM annalise.vanwyngarden@sjsu.edu FU NASA [NNX10AU97A]; Bay Area Environmental Research Institute; San Jose State University; NIH RISE [5R25GM71381]; CSU-LSAMP programs at SJSU; National Science Foundation (NSF) [HRD-1302873]; Chancellor's Office of the California State University; NASA postdoctoral program (NPP) fellowship FX We gratefully acknowledge support from NASA (grant no. NNX10AU97A to A. L. Van Wyngarden), the Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (grant to A. L. Van Wyngarden) and San Jose State University (start-up release time/funds and internal grants to A. L. Van Wyngarden). T. E. Nelson was supported by the NIH RISE (grant no. 5R25GM71381) and CSU-LSAMP programs at SJSU. CSU-LSAMP is funded through the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant no. HRD-1302873 and the Chancellor's Office of the California State University. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF or the Chancellor's Office of the CSU. Some early pilot studies were performed while A. L. Van Wyngarden held a NASA postdoctoral program (NPP) fellowship. We thank Jeffrey Berry, Cecilia Dalle Ore, Nathan Feick and Carlos Valencia for preliminary laboratory work and/or compilation of data from survey experiments. NR 96 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 4225 EP 4239 DI 10.5194/acp-15-4225-2015 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH2EH UT WOS:000353838000016 PM 27212937 ER PT J AU Kim, S Kim, SY Lee, M Shim, H Wolfe, GM Guenther, AB He, A Hong, Y Han, J AF Kim, S. Kim, S. -Y. Lee, M. Shim, H. Wolfe, G. M. Guenther, A. B. He, A. Hong, Y. Han, J. TI Impact of isoprene and HONO chemistry on ozone and OVOC formation in a semirural South Korean forest SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PEARL RIVER DELTA; RADICAL PROPAGATION EFFICIENCY; OH REACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; METHYL VINYL KETONE; NITROUS-ACID; FIELD CAMPAIGN; AIR-QUALITY; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION AB Rapid urbanization and economic development in East Asia in past decades has led to photochemical air pollution problems such as excess photochemical ozone and aerosol formation. Asian megacities such as Seoul, Tokyo, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Beijing are surrounded by densely forested areas, and recent research has consistently demonstrated the importance of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from vegetation in determining oxidation capacity in the suburban Asian megacity regions. Uncertainties in constraining tropospheric oxidation capacity, dominated by hydroxyl radical, undermine our ability to assess regional photochemical air pollution problems. We present an observational data set of CO, NOx, SO2, ozone, HONO, and VOCs (anthropogenic and biogenic) from Taehwa research forest (TRF) near the Seoul metropolitan area in early June 2012. The data show that TRF is influenced both by aged pollution and fresh biogenic volatile organic compound emissions. With the data set, we diagnose HOx (OH, HO2, and RO2) distributions calculated using the University of Washington chemical box model (UWCM v2.1) with near-explicit VOC oxidation mechanisms from MCM v3.2 (Master Chemical Mechanism). Uncertainty from unconstrained HONO sources and radical recycling processes highlighted in recent studies is examined using multiple model simulations with different model constraints. The results suggest that (1) different model simulation scenarios cause systematic differences in HOx distributions, especially OH levels (up to 2.5 times), and (2) radical destruction (HO2 + HO2 or HO2 + RO2) could be more efficient than radical recycling (RO2 + NO), especially in the afternoon. Implications of the uncertainties in radical chemistry are discussed with respect to ozone-VOC-NOx sensitivity and VOC oxidation product formation rates. Overall, the NOx limited regime is assessed except for the morning hours (8 a.m. to 12 p.m. local standard time), but the degree of sensitivity can significantly vary depending on the model scenarios. The model results also suggest that RO2 levels are positively correlated with oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) production that is not routinely constrained by observations. These unconstrained OVOCs can cause higher-than-expected OH loss rates (missing OH reactivity) and secondary organic aerosol formation. The series of modeling experiments constrained by observations strongly urge observational constraint of the radical pool to enable precise understanding of regional photochemical pollution problems in the East Asian megacity region. C1 [Kim, S.; He, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Phys Sci, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Kim, S. -Y.; Hong, Y.; Han, J.] Natl Inst Environm Res, Inchon, South Korea. [Lee, M.; Shim, H.] Korean Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Wolfe, G. M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Wolfe, G. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Guenther, A. B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Phys Sci, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM saewungk@uci.edu RI Kim, Saewung/E-4089-2012; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011 FU National Institute of Environmental Research of South Korea FX This research is financially supported by the National Institute of Environmental Research of South Korea. The authors appreciate logistical support from the research and supporting staff at Taehwa research forest operated by Seoul National University. NR 91 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 22 U2 73 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 4357 EP 4371 DI 10.5194/acp-15-4357-2015 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH2EH UT WOS:000353838000023 ER PT J AU Schoen, N Zammit-Mangion, A Rougier, JC Flament, T Remy, F Luthcke, S Bamber, JL AF Schoen, N. Zammit-Mangion, A. Rougier, J. C. Flament, T. Remy, F. Luthcke, S. Bamber, J. L. TI Simultaneous solution for mass trends on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID GLACIAL-ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT; SEA-LEVEL RISE; ELEVATION CHANGES; UPLIFT RATES; GRACE; SURFACE; GREENLAND; BALANCE; RADAR; MODEL AB The Antarctic Ice Sheet is the largest potential source of future sea-level rise. Mass loss has been increasing over the last 2 decades for the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) but with significant discrepancies between estimates, especially for the Antarctic Peninsula. Most of these estimates utilise geophysical models to explicitly correct the observations for (unobserved) processes. Systematic errors in these models introduce biases in the results which are difficult to quantify. In this study, we provide a statistically rigorous error-bounded trend estimate of ice mass loss over the WAIS from 2003 to 2009 which is almost entirely data driven. Using altimetry, gravimetry, and GPS data in a hierarchical Bayesian framework, we derive spatial fields for ice mass change, surface mass balance, and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) without relying explicitly on forward models. The approach we use separates mass and height change contributions from different processes, reproducing spatial features found in, for example, regional climate and GIA forward models, and provides an independent estimate which can be used to validate and test the models. In addition, spatial error estimates are derived for each field. The mass loss estimates we obtain are smaller than some recent results, with a time-averaged mean rate of -76 +/- 15 Gt yr(-1) for the WAIS and Antarctic Peninsula, including the major Antarctic islands. The GIA estimate compares well with results obtained from recent forward models (IJ05-R2) and inverse methods (AGE-1). The Bayesian framework is sufficiently flexible that it can, eventually, be used for the whole of Antarctica, be adapted for other ice sheets and utilise data from other sources such as ice cores, accumulation radar data, and other measurements that contain information about any of the processes that are solved for. C1 [Schoen, N.; Zammit-Mangion, A.; Bamber, J. L.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol Glaciol Ctr, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Zammit-Mangion, A.; Rougier, J. C.] Univ Bristol, Dept Math, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Flament, T.; Remy, F.] LEGOS, Toulouse, France. [Luthcke, S.] NASA, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Bamber, JL (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol Glaciol Ctr, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. EM j.bamber@bristol.ac.uk RI Bamber, Jonathan/C-7608-2011; Zammit Mangion, Andrew/I-5356-2016 OI Bamber, Jonathan/0000-0002-2280-2819; Zammit Mangion, Andrew/0000-0002-4164-6866 FU UK NERC [NE/I027401/1] FX The authors would like to thank the following colleagues for helpful discussions: Volker Klemann, Ingo Sasgen, Matt King, Liz Petrie, Pete Clarke, Martin Horwath, Finn Lindgren, and Valentina Barletta. This work was funded by UK NERC grant NE/I027401/1. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2015 VL 9 IS 2 BP 805 EP 819 DI 10.5194/tc-9-805-2015 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CH2TU UT WOS:000353878400027 ER PT J AU Moustafa, SE Rennermalm, AK Smith, LC Miller, MA Mioduszewski, JR Koenig, LS Hom, MG Shuman, CA AF Moustafa, S. E. Rennermalm, A. K. Smith, L. C. Miller, M. A. Mioduszewski, J. R. Koenig, L. S. Hom, M. G. Shuman, C. A. TI Multi-modal albedo distributions in the ablation area of the southwestern Greenland Ice Sheet SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; SURFACE MASS-BALANCE; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; DAILY SNOW ALBEDO; SUPRAGLACIAL STREAMS; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; ENERGY-BALANCE; DARK REGION; MODIS; MELT AB Surface albedo is a key variable controlling solar radiation absorbed at the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) surface and, thus, meltwater production. Recent decline in surface albedo over the GrIS has been linked to enhanced snow grain metamorphic rates, earlier snowmelt, and amplified melt-albedo feedback from atmospheric warming. However, the importance of distinct surface types on ablation area albedo and meltwater production is still relatively unknown. In this study, we analyze albedo and ablation rates using in situ and remotely sensed data. Observations include (1) a new high-quality in situ spectral albedo data set collected with an Analytical Spectral Devices Inc. spectroradiometer measuring at 325-1075 nm along a 1.25 km transect during 3 days in June 2013; (2) broadband albedo at two automatic weather stations; and (3) daily MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) albedo (MOD10A1) between 31 May and 30 August 2012 and 2013. We find that seasonal ablation area albedos in 2013 have a bimodal distribution, with snow and ice facies characterizing the two peaks. Our results show that a shift from a distribution dominated by high to low albedos corresponds to an observed melt rate increase of 51.5% (between 10-14 July and 20-24 July 2013). In contrast, melt rate variability caused by albedo changes before and after this shift was much lower and varied between similar to 10 and 30% in the melting season. Ablation area albedos in 2012 exhibited a more complex multimodal distribution, reflecting a transition from light to dark-dominated surface, as well as sensitivity to the so called "dark-band" region in southwest Greenland. In addition to a darkening surface from ice crystal growth, our findings demonstrate that seasonal changes in GrIS ablation area albedos are controlled by changes in the fractional coverage of snow, bare ice, and impurity-rich surface types. Thus, seasonal variability in ablation area albedos appears to be regulated primarily as a function of bare ice expansion at the expense of snow, surface meltwater ponding, and melting of outcropped ice layers enriched with mineral materials, enabling dust and impurities to accumulate. As climate change continues in the Arctic region, understanding the seasonal evolution of ice sheet surface types in Greenland's ablation area is critical to improve projections of mass loss contributions to sea level rise. C1 [Moustafa, S. E.; Rennermalm, A. K.; Mioduszewski, J. R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Smith, L. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Miller, M. A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Koenig, L. S.; Shuman, C. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hom, M. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hom, M. G.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Shuman, C. A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol JCET, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Moustafa, SE (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, 54 Joyce Kilmer Ave, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM samiah.moustafa@rutgers.edu RI Smith, Laurence/E-7785-2012 OI Smith, Laurence/0000-0001-6866-5904 FU NASA [NNX11AQ38G, NNX14AH93G]; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [NNX12AN98H]; Rutgers University faculty research grant FX S. E. Moustafa, A. K. Rennermalm, L. C. Smith and J. R. Mioduszewski were funded by NASA grant NNX11AQ38G and NNX14AH93G. S. E. Moustafa was also funded by NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program NNX12AN98H. Additional funding was provided by Rutgers University faculty research grant. Field logistical support was provided by CH2M Hill Polar Field Services and the Kangerlussuaq International Science Station. The authors would like to thank A. Pope M. S. Pelto, and K. Casey as well as two anonymous reviewers for valuable feedback and commentary. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2015 VL 9 IS 3 BP 905 EP 923 DI 10.5194/tc-9-905-2015 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CI0QK UT WOS:000354442400006 ER PT J AU Abdul-Aziz, A Bhatt, RT Grady, JE AF Abdul-Aziz, Ali Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. Grady, Joseph E. TI Criteria for Crack Deflection-Penetration in EBC Coated Ceramics: A Parametric Study SO MECHANICS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE fracture mechanics; Silicon nitride; ceramics; EBC coating; crack penetration; deflection ID DISSIMILAR ELASTIC-MATERIALS; BIMATERIAL INTERFACE; PROPAGATION AB This article discusses results obtained from a parametric study to analytically evaluate the impingement of a crack at the interface of an environmental barrier coating (EBC) and a monolithic Silicon nitride (Si3N4) layered ceramics substrate. The study establishes a correlation that leads to determine if the crack is arrested or advanced by either penetrating or deflecting along the EBC/substrate interface. A finite-element-based fracture mechanics methodology is utilized to perform these calculations. Critical parameters determining penetration-deflection conditions in relation to EBC's physical characteristics, such as porosity level, voids, and mini cracks, are determined for a single layer and multi-layered coating system coordinating the interactions between the EBCs (Mullite, Mullite mixture, Silicon nitride, etc.) and the substrate structure. Results showing thermo-mechanical stresses and stress/strain energy release relations with respect to crack penetration-deflection are presented and discussed as the crack is advanced. C1 [Abdul-Aziz, Ali; Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.; Grady, Joseph E.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Abdul-Aziz, A (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Opt Instrumentat & NDE Branch, 21000 Brook Pk Rd MS 6-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM ali.abdul-aziz-1@nasa.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6494 EI 1537-6532 J9 MECH ADV MATER STRUC JI Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct. PY 2015 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1039 EP 1047 DI 10.1080/15376494.2014.918223 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA CH5IW UT WOS:000354069900009 ER PT J AU Reddy, SN Nanda, S Hegde, UG Hicks, MC Kozinski, JA AF Reddy, Sivamohan N. Nanda, Sonil Hegde, Uday G. Hicks, Michael C. Kozinski, Janusz A. TI Ignition of hydrothermal flames SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Review ID SUPERCRITICAL WATER OXIDATION; TRANSPIRING-WALL REACTOR; DIFFUSION FLAMES; HIGH-PRESSURES; OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS; TEMPERATURE PROFILES; 1000 BAR; COMBUSTION; PARAMETERS; METHANOL AB Supercritical water oxidation is one of the most promising technologies for complete oxidation of complex organic compounds. Flames in supercritical water, often referred to as hydrothermal flames, improve the oxidation rates of reactants in an organic waste stream. The ignition and control of flames in supercritical water could potentially be used to reduce the reaction time (from seconds to milliseconds) and enhance the thermochemical decomposition rates of recalcitrant molecules without the release of any harmful intermediates. This provides a platform to design compact reactors for processing complex organic waste followed by their conversion to valuable compounds. This paper reviews some notable work focused on the ignition and qualitative observations of hydrothermal flames as an environmentally friendly technology. More specifically, the review highlights the classification and characterization of hydrothermal flames with several demonstrations of laboratory scale (e.g., visual flame cell) and pilot scale (e.g., transpiring wall reactor) reactor configurations. The process parameters such as feed concentration, reaction temperature, oxidant temperature, oxidant flow rate, and transpiration flow properties (in the case of transpiring reactors) are comprehensively discussed for their influence on the ignition and stability of hydrothermal flames, and total organic carbon removal. In addition, the impact of these parameters on the performance of various flame reactors is presented. Finally, the paper also outlines some wide-ranging applications and challenges concerning the industrial utilization of hydrothermal flames. C1 [Reddy, Sivamohan N.] Indian Inst Technol Roorkee, Dept Chem Engn, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India. [Reddy, Sivamohan N.; Nanda, Sonil; Kozinski, Janusz A.] York Univ, Lassonde Sch Engn, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Hegde, Uday G.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Hicks, Michael C.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Kozinski, JA (reprint author), York Univ, Lassonde Sch Engn, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. EM janusz.kozinski@lassonde.yorku.ca NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 46 BP 36404 EP 36422 DI 10.1039/c5ra02705e PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CG9QF UT WOS:000353651200024 ER PT S AU Krainak, MA Yu, AW Stephen, MA Merritt, S Glebov, L Glebova, L Ryasnyanskiy, A Smirnov, V Mu, XD Meissner, S Meissner, H AF Krainak, Michael A. Yu, Anthony W. Stephen, Mark A. Merritt, Scott Glebov, Leon Glebova, Larissa Ryasnyanskiy, Aleksandr Smirnov, Vadim Mu, Xiaodong Meissner, Stephanie Meissner, Helmuth BE Clarkson, WA Shori, RK TI Monolithic solid-state lasers for spaceflight SO SOLID STATE LASERS XXIV: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XXIV - Technology and Devices CY FEB 08-10, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Solid-state lasers; Q-switch; Space flight lasers ID WAVE-GUIDE LASER; EVANESCENT-FIELD INTERACTION; FIBER LASER; POWER; GLASS; PERFORMANCE; PULSES; NM AB A new solution for building high power, solid state lasers for space flight is to fabricate the whole laser resonator in a single (monolithic) structure or alternatively to build a contiguous diffusion bonded or welded structure. Monolithic lasers provide numerous advantages for space flight solid-state lasers by minimizing misalignment concerns. The closed cavity is immune to contamination. The number of components is minimized thus increasing reliability. Bragg mirrors serve as the high reflector and output coupler thus minimizing optical coatings and coating damage. The Bragg mirrors also provide spectral and spatial mode selection for high fidelity. The monolithic structure allows short cavities resulting in short pulses. Passive saturable absorber Q-switches provide a soft aperture for spatial mode filtering and improved pointing stability. We will review our recent commercial and in-house developments toward fully monolithic solid-state lasers. C1 [Krainak, Michael A.; Yu, Anthony W.; Stephen, Mark A.; Merritt, Scott] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Glebov, Leon; Glebova, Larissa; Ryasnyanskiy, Aleksandr; Smirnov, Vadim] Optigrate Corp, Oviedo, FL 32765 USA. [Mu, Xiaodong; Meissner, Stephanie; Meissner, Helmuth] Onyx Opt Inc, Dublin, CA 94568 USA. RP Krainak, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 554, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM michael.a.krainak@nasa.gov NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-432-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9342 AR 93420K DI 10.1117/12.2077812 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6FA UT WOS:000353888400017 ER PT S AU Yu, AW Abshire, JB Storm, M Betin, A AF Yu, Anthony W. Abshire, James B. Storm, Mark Betin, Alexander BE Clarkson, WA Shori, RK TI Laser Amplifier Development for IPDA Lidar measurements of CO2 from Space SO SOLID STATE LASERS XXIV: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XXIV - Technology and Devices CY FEB 08-10, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE CO2 lidar; laser spectroscopy; solid-state laser amplifier; space laser transmitter; fiber amplifier ID DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDAR; COLUMN ABSORPTION; NM AB Accurate global measurements of tropospheric CO2 mixing ratios are needed to better understand the global carbon cycle and the CO2 exchange between land, oceans and atmosphere. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is developing a pulsed lidar approach for an integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar as a candidate for the NASA's planned ASCENDS mission to allow global measurements of atmospheric CO2 column densities from space. Our group has developed and demonstrated an airborne IPDA lidar for this purpose. It uses two tunable pulsed laser transmitters allowing simultaneous measurement of a single CO2 absorption line in the 1570 nm band, absorption of an O-2 line pair in the oxygen A-band (765 nm), and atmospheric backscatter profiles in the same path. In the airborne lidar, both lasers are pulsed at 10 kHz, and the two absorption line regions are sampled at typically a 300 Hz rate. A space version of this lidar must have a much larger laser power-telescope rea product to compensate for the signal losses in the similar to 40x longer range. An analysis of signal to noise ratios indicated that for a 400 km orbit, a 1.5 m diameter telescope and a 10 second integration time, that 1.5 to 2 mJ laser energy is required to attain the needed measurement precision. To meet the laser energy requirements we have pursued two parallel power-scaling approaches for the space laser. These include a single-amplifier approach consists of a multi-pass Er: Yb: Phosphate glass based planar waveguide amplifier (PWA) and a parallel amplifier approach using multiple (typically 8) large mode area (LMA) fiber amplifiers. In this paper we summarize the laser amplifier design approaches and preliminary results. C1 [Yu, Anthony W.; Abshire, James B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Storm, Mark] Fibertek, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Betin, Alexander] Raytheon Space & Airborne Syst, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Yu, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-432-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9342 AR 93420M DI 10.1117/12.2080792 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6FA UT WOS:000353888400019 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Park, Y Bae, HB Choi, SH AF Kim, Hyun Jung Park, Yeonjoon Bae, Hyung Bin Choi, Sang H. TI High-Electron-Mobility SiGe on Sapphire Substrate for Fast Chipsets SO ADVANCES IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METAL-OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; STRAINED SI; SILICON; GE; DENSITY; ALLOYS; GROWTH AB High-quality strain-relaxed SiGe films with a low twin defect density, high electron mobility, and smooth surface are critical for device fabrication to achieve designed performance. The mobilities of SiGe can be a few times higher than those of silicon due to the content of high carrier mobilities of germanium (p-type Si: 430 cm(2)/V.s, p-type Ge: 2200 cm(2)/V.s, n-type Si: 1300 cm(2)/V.s, and n-type Ge: 3000 cm(2)/V.s at 10(16) per cm 3 doping density). Therefore, radio frequency devices which are made with rhombohedral SiGe on c-plane sapphire can potentially run a few times faster than RF devices on SOS wafers. NASA Langley has successfully grown highly ordered single crystal rhombohedral epitaxy using an atomic alignment of the [111] direction of cubic SiGe on top of the [0001] direction of the sapphire basal plane. Several samples of rhombohedrally grown SiGe on c-plane sapphire show high percentage of a single crystalline over 95% to 99.5%. The electron mobilities of the tested samples are between those of single crystals Si and Ge. The measured electron mobility of 95% single crystal SiGe was 1538 cm(2)/V.s which is between 350 cm(2)/V.s (Si) and 1550 cm(2)/V.s (Ge) at 6 x 10(17)/cm(3) doping concentration. C1 [Kim, Hyun Jung; Park, Yeonjoon] NIA, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Bae, Hyung Bin] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, KAIST Res Anal Ctr KARA, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Choi, Sang H.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), NIA, 100 Explorat Way, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM hyunjung.kim@nasa.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1687-8108 EI 1687-8124 J9 ADV COND MATTER PHYS JI Adv. Condens. Matter Phys. PY 2015 AR 785415 DI 10.1155/2015/785415 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CH1MF UT WOS:000353785100001 ER PT J AU Vergados, P Mannucci, AJ Ao, CO Jiang, JH Su, H AF Vergados, P. Mannucci, A. J. Ao, C. O. Jiang, J. H. Su, H. TI On the comparisons of tropical relative humidity in the lower and middle troposphere among COSMIC radio occultations and MERRA and ECMWF data sets SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; ERA-INTERIM; VALIDATION; TEMPERATURE; AIRS; SENSITIVITY; IMPROVEMENT; RETRIEVALS; ATMOSPHERE; FORECASTS AB The spatial variability of the tropical tropospheric relative humidity (RH) throughout the vertical extent of the troposphere is examined using Global Positioning System Radio Occultation (GPSRO) observations from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission. These high vertical resolution observations capture the detailed structure and moisture budget of the Hadley Cell circulation. We compare the COSMIC observations with the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) Reanalysis Interim (ERA-Interim) and the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) climatologies. Qualitatively, the spatial pattern of RH in all data sets matches up remarkably well, capturing distinct features of the general circulation. However, RH discrepancies exist between ERA-Interim and COSMIC data sets that are noticeable across the tropical boundary layer. Specifically, ERA-Interim shows a drier Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) by 15-20% compared to both COSMIC and MERRA data sets, but this difference decreases with altitude. Unlike ECMWF, MERRA shows an excellent agreement with the COSMIC observations except above 400 hPa, where GPSRO observations capture drier air by 5-10 %. RH climatologies were also used to evaluate intraseasonal variability. The results indicate that the tropical middle troposphere at +/- 5-25 degrees is most sensitive to seasonal variations. COSMIC and MERRA data sets capture the same magnitude of the seasonal variability, but ERA-Interim shows a weaker seasonal fluctuation up to 10% in the middle troposphere inside the dry air subsidence regions of the Hadley Cell. Over the ITCZ, RH varies by maximum 9% between winter and summer. C1 [Vergados, P.; Mannucci, A. J.; Ao, C. O.; Jiang, J. H.; Su, H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Vergados, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM panagiotis.vergados@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank the Giovanni Interactive Visualization and Analysis project for making publicly available the MERRA data sets and the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) for providing the COSMIC and ECMWF data sets. We would like to thank the associate editor and the two anonymous reviews, whose critical evaluation of our manuscript helped us strengthen our results. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1789 EP 1797 DI 10.5194/amt-8-1789-2015 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH2ET UT WOS:000353839200011 ER PT J AU Scheepmaker, RA Frankenberg, C Deutscher, NM Schneider, M Barthlott, S Blumenstock, T Garcia, OE Hase, F Jones, N Mahieu, E Notholt, J Velazco, V Landgraf, J Aben, I AF Scheepmaker, R. A. Frankenberg, C. Deutscher, N. M. Schneider, M. Barthlott, S. Blumenstock, T. Garcia, O. E. Hase, F. Jones, N. Mahieu, E. Notholt, J. Velazco, V. Landgraf, J. Aben, I. TI Validation of SCIAMACHY HDO/H2O measurements using the TCCON and NDACC-MUSICA networks SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID COLUMN OBSERVING NETWORK; ATMOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; DELTA-D; INFRARED-SPECTRA; RETRIEVALS; IASI/METOP; CALIBRATION; (H2O)-O-16; RESOLUTION; DEUTERIUM AB Measurements of the atmospheric HDO/H2O ratio help us to better understand the hydrological cycle and improve models to correctly simulate tropospheric humidity and therefore climate change. We present an updated version of the column-averaged HDO/H2O ratio data set from the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY). The data set is extended with 2 additional years, now covering 2003-2007, and is validated against co-located ground-based total column (delta D) over bar measurements from Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS) of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC, produced within the framework of the MUSICA project). Even though the time overlap among the available data is not yet ideal, we determined a mean negative bias in SCIAMACHY (delta D) over bar of -35 +/- 30% compared to TCCON and -69 +/- 15% compared to MUSICA (the uncertainty indicating the station-to-station standard deviation). The bias shows a latitudinal dependency, being largest (similar to-60 to -80 parts per thousand) at the highest latitudes and smallest (similar to-20 to -30%) at the lowest latitudes. We have tested the impact of an offset correction to the SCIAMACHY HDO and H2O columns. This correction leads to a humidity-and latitude-dependent shift in (delta D) over bar and an improvement of the bias by 27 parts per thousand, although it does not lead to an improved correlation with the FTS measurements nor to a strong reduction of the latitudinal dependency of the bias. The correction might be an improvement for dry, high-altitude areas, such as the Tibetan Plateau and the Andes region. For these areas, however, validation is currently impossible due to a lack of ground stations. The mean standard deviation of single-sounding SCIAMACHY-FTS differences is similar to 115 parts per thousand, which is reduced by a factor similar to 2 when we consider monthly means. When we relax the strict matching of individual measurements and focus on the mean seasonalities using all available FTS data, we find that the correlation coefficients between SCIAMACHY and the FTS networks improve from 0.2 to 0.7-0.8. Certain ground stations show a clear asymmetry in (delta D) over bar during the transition from the dry to the wet season and back, which is also detected by SCIAMACHY. This asymmetry points to a transition in the source region temperature or location of the water vapour and shows the added information that HDO/H2O measurements provide when used in combination with variations in humidity. C1 [Scheepmaker, R. A.; Landgraf, J.; Aben, I.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Frankenberg, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Deutscher, N. M.; Notholt, J.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Deutscher, N. M.; Jones, N.; Velazco, V.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Schneider, M.; Barthlott, S.; Blumenstock, T.; Hase, F.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK ASF, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Schneider, M.; Garcia, O. E.] Agencia Estatal Meteorol AEMET, IARC, Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Spain. [Mahieu, E.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Liege, Belgium. RP Scheepmaker, RA (reprint author), SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM r.a.scheepmaker@sron.nl RI Barthlott, Sabine/B-1439-2013; Velazco, Voltaire/H-2280-2011; Jones, Nicholas/G-5575-2011; Garcia, Omaira/M-2896-2014; Schneider, Matthias/B-1441-2013; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016; OI Barthlott, Sabine/0000-0003-0258-9421; Velazco, Voltaire/0000-0002-1376-438X; Jones, Nicholas/0000-0002-0111-2368; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X; Mahieu, Emmanuel/0000-0002-5251-0286 FU Netherlands Space Office as part of the User Support Programme Space Research [GO-AO/16]; NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program [NNX11AG01G]; Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program; Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS) Program; DOE/ARM Program; OCO project; OCO-2 project; Australian Research Council [LE0668470, DP0879468, DP110103118, LP0562346, DE140100178]; New Zealand Foundation of Research Science and Technology [CO1X0204, CO1X0703, CO1X0406]; NIWA's Atmosphere Research Programme 3 (Statement of Corporate Intent); Senate of Bremen; European Research Council under the European Community [256961]; F.R.S.-FNRS; Federation Wallonie-Bruxelles FX This researched was funded by the Netherlands Space Office as part of the User Support Programme Space Research under project GO-AO/16. US funding for TCCON comes from NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program, grant number NNX11AG01G, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program, the Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS) Program and the DOE/ARM Program. The Darwin TCCON site was built at Caltech with funding from the OCO project and is operated by the University of Wollongong, with travel funds for maintenance and equipment costs funded by the OCO-2 project. We acknowledge funding to support Darwin from the Australian Research Council, projects LE0668470, DP0879468, DP110103118 and LP0562346, while N. M. Deutscher is supported by Australian Research Council grant DE140100178. The Lauder TCCON programme is funded by New Zealand Foundation of Research Science and Technology contracts CO1X0204, CO1X0703 and CO1X0406 and NIWA's Atmosphere Research Programme 3 (2011/13 Statement of Corporate Intent). The Bremen and Ny-Alesund FTS sites acknowledge funding support by the Senate of Bremen. MUSICA is funded by the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement number 256961. The observational program at Jungfraujoch has been supported by the F.R.S.-FNRS and the Federation Wallonie-Bruxelles. We further thank the International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG, Bern). We thank V. Sherlock, P. Wennberg and D. Wunch, as well as the referees K. Gribanov and N. Rokotyan, for useful comments that improved this paper. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1799 EP 1818 DI 10.5194/amt-8-1799-2015 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH2ET UT WOS:000353839200012 ER PT S AU Troupaki, E Denny, ZH Wu, S Bradshaw, HN Smith, KA Hults, JA Ramos-Izquierdo, LA Cook, WB AF Troupaki, E. Denny, Z. H. Wu, S. Bradshaw, H. N. Smith, K. A. Hults, J. A. Ramos-Izquierdo, L. A. Cook, W. B. BE Glebov, AL Leisher, PO TI Space Qualification of the Optical Filter Assemblies for the ICESat-2/ATLAS Instrument SO COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING FOR LASER SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Components and Packaging for Laser Systems CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE ATLAS; ICESat-2; etalon; receiver; solar background AB The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) will be the only instrument on the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite -2 (ICESat-2). ICESat-2 is the 2nd-generation of the orbiting laser altimeter ICESat, which will continue polar ice topography measurements with improved precision laser-ranging techniques. In contrast to the original ICESat design, ICESat-2 will use a micro-pulse, multi-beam approach that provides dense cross-track sampling to help scientists determine a surface's slope with each pass of the satellite. The ATLAS laser will emit visible, green laser pulses at a wavelength of 532 nm and a rate of 10kHz and will be split into 6 beams. A set of six identical, thermally tuned optical filter assemblies (OFA) will be used to remove background solar radiation from the collected signal while transmitting the laser light to the detectors. A seventh assembly will be used to monitor the laser center wavelength during the mission. In this paper, we present the design and optical performance measurements of the ATLAS OFA in air and in vacuum prior to their integration on the ATLAS instrument. C1 [Troupaki, E.; Wu, S.; Bradshaw, H. N.; Ramos-Izquierdo, L. A.; Cook, W. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Denny, Z. H.] SSAI Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Smith, K. A.; Hults, J. A.] Orbital Sci Corp, Dulles, VA USA. RP Troupaki, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM elisavet.troupaki-1@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-436-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9346 AR 93460H DI 10.1117/12.2077839 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BC6AD UT WOS:000353681400012 ER PT S AU Abrahamson, MJ Oaida, BV Sindiy, O Biswas, A AF Abrahamson, Matthew J. Oaida, Bogdan V. Sindiy, Oleg Biswas, Abhijit BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI Achieving operational two-way laser acquisition for OPALS payload on the International Space Station SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVII CY FEB 08-09, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE OPALS; optical communications; lasercomm; ISS; OCTL; acquisition; tracking AB The Optical PAyload for Lasercomm Science (OPALS) experiment was installed on the International Space Station (ISS) in April 2014. Developed as a technology demonstration, its objective was to experiment with space-to-ground optical communications transmissions from Low Earth Orbit. More than a dozen successful optical links were established between a Wrightwood, California-based ground telescope and the OPALS flight terminal from June 2014 to September 2014. Each transmission required precise bi-directional pointing to be maintained between the space-based transmitter and ground-based receiver. This was accomplished by acquiring and tracking a laser beacon signal transmitted from the ground telescope to the OPALS flight terminal on the ISS. OPALS demonstrated the ability to nominally acquire the beacon within three seconds at 25 degrees elevation and maintain lock within 140 mu rad (3 sigma) for the full 150-second transmission duration while slewing at rates up to 1 degrees/sec. Additional acquisition attempts in low elevation and weather-challenged conditions provided valuable insight on the optical link robustness under off-nominal operational conditions. C1 [Abrahamson, Matthew J.; Oaida, Bogdan V.; Sindiy, Oleg; Biswas, Abhijit] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Abrahamson, MJ (reprint author), Mail 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 301-121, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Matthew.Abrahamson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-444-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9354 AR 935408 DI 10.1117/12.2182473 PG 21 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6AR UT WOS:000353710100006 ER PT S AU Biswas, A Oaida, BV Andrews, KS Kovalik, JM Abrahamson, MJ Wright, MW AF Biswas, Abhijit Oaida, Bogdan V. Andrews, Kenneth S. Kovalik, Joseph M. Abrahamson, Matthew J. Wright, Malcolm W. BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI Optical Payload for Lasercomm Science (OPALS) Link Validation During Operations from the ISS SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVII CY FEB 08-09, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE ISS; lasercomm; downlink; bit-error-rate; beacon; 1550 nm; atmospheric transmission AB In mid-2014 several day and nighttime links under diverse atmospheric conditions were completed using the Optical Payload for Lasercomm Science (OPALS) flight system on-board the International Space Station (ISS). In this paper we compare measured optical power and its variance at either end of the link with predictions that include atmospheric propagation models. For the 976 nm laser beacon mean power transmitted from the ground to the ISS the predicted mean irradiance of tens of microwatts per square meter close to zenith and its decrease with range and increased air mass shows good agreement with predictions. The irradiance fluctuations sampled at 100 Hz also follow the expected increase in scintillation with air mass representative of atmospheric coherence lengths at zenith at 500 nm in the 3-8 cm range. The downlink predicted power of hundreds of nanowatts was also reconciled within the uncertainty of the atmospheric losses. Expected link performance with uncoded bit-error rates less than 1E-4 required for the Reed-Solomon code to correct errors for video, text and file transmissions was verified. The results of predicted and measured powers and fluctuations suggest the need for further study and refinement. C1 [Biswas, Abhijit; Oaida, Bogdan V.; Andrews, Kenneth S.; Kovalik, Joseph M.; Abrahamson, Matthew J.; Wright, Malcolm W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dive, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Abhijit.Biswas@jl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-444-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9354 AR 93540F DI 10.1117/12.2084964 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6AR UT WOS:000353710100012 ER PT S AU Biswas, A Kovalik, JM Oaida, B Abrahamson, MJ Wright, MW AF Biswas, Abhijit Kovalik, Joseph M. Oaida, Bogdan Abrahamson, Matthew J. Wright, Malcolm W. BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI Upwelling Radiance at 976 nm Measured from Space Using the OPALS CCD Camera on the ISS SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVII CY FEB 08-09, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Upwelling radiance; 976 nm; CCD Camera; OPALS AB The Optical Payload for Lasercomm Science (OPALS) Flight System on-board the International Space Station uses a charge coupled device (CCD) camera to detect a beacon laser from Earth. Relative measurements of the background contributed by upwelling radiance under diverse illumination conditions and varying surface terrain is presented. In some cases clouds in the field-of-view allowed a comparison of terrestrial and cloud-top upwelling radiance. In this paper we will report these measurements and examine the extent of agreement with atmospheric model predictions. C1 [Biswas, Abhijit; Kovalik, Joseph M.; Oaida, Bogdan; Abrahamson, Matthew J.; Wright, Malcolm W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Div, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Abhijit.Biswas@jl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-444-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9354 AR 93540A DI 10.1117/12.2084965 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6AR UT WOS:000353710100008 ER PT S AU Cornwell, DM AF Cornwell, Donald M. BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI NASA's Optical Communications Program for 2015 and Beyond SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVII CY FEB 08-09, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Free-space laser communications; optical communications; high data-rate; deep space; near-Earth AB NASA's Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Program at NASA Headquarters is pursuing a vibrant and wide-ranging optical communications program for future planetary and near-Earth missions following the spectacular success of NASA's Lunar Laser Communication Demonstration (LLCD) from the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft orbiting the Moon in 2013. This invited paper will discuss NASA's new laser communications missions, key scenarios and details, and the plans to infuse this new technology into NASA's existing communications networks. C1 NASA Headquarters, Space Commun & Nav SCaN Program, Div Technol, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Cornwell, DM (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Space Commun & Nav SCaN Program, Div Technol, 300 E St Southwest, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 16 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-444-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9354 AR 93540E DI 10.1117/12.2087132 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6AR UT WOS:000353710100011 ER PT S AU Manning, RM Vyhnalek, B AF Manning, Robert M. Vyhnalek, Brian BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI A microwave radiometric method to obtain the average path profile of atmospheric temperature and humidity structure parameters and its application to optical propagation system assessment SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVII CY FEB 08-09, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Atmospheric turbulence; Optical propagation; Profiling radiometer; Turbulence theory; Atmospheric Remote Sensing ID SPECTRUM AB The values of the key atmospheric propagation parameters C-T(2), C-Q(2), and C-TQ are highly dependent upon the vertical height within the atmosphere thus making it necessary to specify profiles of these values along the atmospheric propagation path. The remote sensing method suggested and described in this work makes use of a rapidly integrating microwave profiling radiometer to capture profiles of temperature and humidity through the atmosphere. The integration times of currently available profiling radiometers are such that they are approaching the temporal intervals over which one can possibly make meaningful assessments of these key atmospheric parameters. Since these parameters are fundamental to all propagation conditions, they can be used to obtain C-n(2) profiles for any frequency, including those for an optical propagation path. In this case the important performance parameters of the prevailing isoplanatic angle and Greenwood frequency can be obtained. The integration times are such that Kolmogorov turbulence theory and the Taylor frozen-flow hypothesis must be transcended. Appropriate modifications to these classical approaches are derived from first principles and an expression for the structure functions are obtained. The theory is then applied to an experimental scenario and shows very good results. C1 [Manning, Robert M.; Vyhnalek, Brian] Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Manning, RM (reprint author), Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-444-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9354 AR 935406 DI 10.1117/12.2080258 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6AR UT WOS:000353710100004 ER PT J AU Wilson, MD Durand, M Jung, HC Alsdorf, D AF Wilson, M. D. Durand, M. Jung, H. C. Alsdorf, D. TI Swath-altimetry measurements of the main stem Amazon River: measurement errors and hydraulic implications SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; SURFACE-WATER; DISCHARGE; MODEL; MISSION; SLOPE; BASIN; VARIABILITY; ELEVATION; BRAZIL AB The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission, scheduled for launch in 2020, will provide a step-change improvement in the measurement of terrestrial surface-water storage and dynamics. In particular, it will provide the first, routine two-dimensional measurements of water-surface elevations. In this paper, we aimed to (i) characterise and illustrate in two dimensions the errors which may be found in SWOT swath measurements of terrestrial surface water, (ii) simulate the spatio-temporal sampling scheme of SWOT for the Amazon, and (iii) assess the impact of each of these on estimates of water-surface slope and river discharge which may be obtained from SWOT imagery. We based our analysis on a virtual mission for a similar to 260 km reach of the central Amazon (Solimoes) River, using a hydraulic model to provide water-surface elevations according to SWOT spatio-temporal sampling to which errors were added based on a two-dimensional height error spectrum derived from the SWOT design requirements. We thereby obtained water-surface elevation measurements for the Amazon main stem as may be observed by SWOT. Using these measurements, we derived estimates of river slope and discharge and compared them to those obtained directly from the hydraulic model. We found that cross-channel and along-reach averaging of SWOT measurements using reach lengths greater than 4 km for the Solimoes and 7.5 km for Purus reduced the effect of systematic height errors, enabling discharge to be reproduced accurately from the water height, assuming known bathymetry and friction. Using cross-sectional averaging and 20 km reach lengths, results show Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency values of 0.99 for the Solimoes and 0.88 for the Purus, with 2.6 and 19.1% average overall error in discharge, respectively. We extend the results to other rivers worldwide and infer that SWOT-derived discharge estimates may be more accurate for rivers with larger channel widths (permitting a greater level of cross-sectional averaging and the use of shorter reach lengths) and higher water-surface slopes (reducing the proportional impact of slope errors on discharge calculation). C1 [Wilson, M. D.] Univ W Indies, Dept Geog, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. [Durand, M.; Alsdorf, D.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Durand, M.; Alsdorf, D.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jung, H. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Off Appl Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jung, H. C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Wilson, MD (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Dept Geog, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. EM matthew.wilson@sta.uwi.edu OI Wilson, Matthew/0000-0001-9459-6981 FU NASA SWOT Science Definition Team Grant [NNX13AD96G] FX This research was completed while M. D. Wilson was a visiting researcher at the School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University. M. Durand is supported by a NASA SWOT Science Definition Team Grant (no. NNX13AD96G). The authors would like to thank R. Romanowicz and one anonymous referee for their careful reviews and valuable recommendations which have improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1943 EP 1959 DI 10.5194/hess-19-1943-2015 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CH2TH UT WOS:000353877000021 ER PT S AU Davis, SR Rommel, SD Johnson, S Anderson, MH Yu, AW AF Davis, Scott R. Rommel, Scott D. Johnson, Seth Anderson, Michael H. Yu, Anthony W. BE Broquin, JE Conti, GN TI Liquid Crystal Clad Waveguide Laser Scanner and Waveguide Amplifier for LADAR and Sensing Applications SO INTEGRATED OPTICS: DEVICES, MATERIALS, AND TECHNOLOGIES XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Photonics West Conference on Integrated Optics - Devices, Materials, and Technologies CY FEB 09-11, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE EO laser scanner; non-mechanical laser scanner; liquid crystal waveguide; laser beamsteerer; LC waveguide; LADAR; methane sensing ID WIDE-ANGLE AB We will describe the construction and performance of a prototype high speed, non-mechanically scanned, laser system that is coupled to a custom planar waveguide optical amplifier. The system provides high speed (10 kHz) scanning of >200 far-field resolvable spots, with a path toward >500 spots at 10 kHz demonstrated. An enabling component for this system is the new EO scanner that provides previously unrealizable performance such as sub-millisecond scanning, full 2-D operation with only three control electrodes, fully refractive (no side-lobes) scanning, no blind spot within the field of view (FOV), and a large continuous scan angle. Scanners with near perfect Gaussian output beams, throughputs greater than 50%, and a 50(0) x 15 degrees continuous field-of-view will be discussed. Furthermore, a path toward much larger FOVs will also be presented. We will also present the design and construction of custom planar waveguide amplifiers to which our EO scanner can be free space end-fire coupled. The amplifiers and scanners were designed for operation at 1.645 microns. This will enable long-range, eye-safe LADAR and sensing applications, such as CH4 sensors. C1 [Davis, Scott R.; Rommel, Scott D.; Johnson, Seth; Anderson, Michael H.] Vescent Photon Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Yu, Anthony W.] NASA, Laser & Electroopt Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Davis, SR (reprint author), Vescent Photon Inc, 14998 W 6th Ave,Suite 700, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM davis@vescent.com NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-455-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9365 AR 93650N DI 10.1117/12.2077061 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6AN UT WOS:000353703500010 ER PT S AU Grudinin, IS Yu, N AF Grudinin, Ivan S. Yu, Nan BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH Ilchenko, VS Aschke, L Washio, K TI Towards efficient octave-spanning comb with micro-structured crystalline resonator SO LASER RESONATORS, MICRORESONATORS, AND BEAM CONTROL XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XVII CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE dispersion; combs; fluoride; whispering; microstructured; belt ID WHISPERING-GALLERY MODES; KERR-FREQUENCY COMBS; SILICON-NITRIDE; MICRORESONATOR; GENERATION; DISPERSION; SPECTRUM; LASER; CHIP AB Optical frequency combs, typically produced by mode locked lasers, have revolutionized many applications in science and technology. Frequency combs were recently generated by micro resonators through nonlinear Kerr processes. However, the comb span from micro resonators was found to be limited by resonator dispersion and mode spectrum. While dispersion engineering has been reported in on-chip devices, monolithic crystalline resonators offer an advantage of high optical quality factor. Moreover, most resonators used for comb generation support many mode families, leading to unavoidable crossings in resonator spectrum. Such crossings strongly influence comb dynamics and may prevent stable coherent mode-locking and soliton states. We report a new crystalline resonator approach supporting dispersion control and single mode spectrum while maintaining high quality factor. Dispersion engineering by waveguide micro-structuring is used to flatten the dispersion in our MgF2 resonator. Both absolute magnitude of dispersion and its slopes can be altered over a wavelength span exceeding an octave. Dispersion flattening leads to generation of an octave-spanning frequency comb with repetition rate of 46 GHz and coupled pump power below 100 mW. We also demonstrate that the microstructuring dispersion engineering approach can be used to achieve flattened and anomalous dispersion in a CaF2 resonator near 1550 nm wavelength. In addition, we describe observation of discrete steps between the modulation instability states of the primary comb and on the three-stage comb unfolding dynamics. The micro-structured resonators may enable efficient low repetition rate coherent octave spanning frequency combs without external broadening, ideal for applications in optical frequency synthesis, metrology, spectroscopy, and communications. C1 [Grudinin, Ivan S.; Yu, Nan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Grudinin, IS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr M-S 298-100, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM nan.yu@jpl.nasa.gov NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-433-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9343 AR 93430F DI 10.1117/12.2085420 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6AK UT WOS:000353695900005 ER PT S AU Merritt, S AF Merritt, Scott BE Soskind, YG Olson, C TI Thermal Signature Identification System (TheSIS): A Spread Spectrum Temperature Cycling Method SO PHOTONIC INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Instrumentation Engineering II CY FEB 11-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Temperature cycling; thermal signature; thermality pole; direct sequence spread-spectrum; Barker code; autoregressive; Akaike Information Criterion; Figure of Merit AB NASA GSFC's Thermal Signature Identification System (TheSIS) 1) measures the high order dynamic responses of optoelectronic components to direct sequence spread-spectrum temperature cycling, 2) estimates the parameters of multiple autoregressive moving average (ARMA) or other models the of the responses, 3) and selects the most appropriate model using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Using the AIC-tested model and parameter vectors from TheSIS, one can 1) select high-performing components on a multivariate basis, i.e., with multivariate Figures of Merit (FOMs), 2) detect subtle reversible shifts in performance, and 3) investigate irreversible changes in component or subsystem performance, e.g. aging. We show examples of the TheSIS methodology for passive and active components and systems, e.g. fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and DFB lasers with coupled temperature control loops, respectively. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Merritt, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM scott.a.merritt@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-459-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9369 AR 93690M DI 10.1117/12.2080159 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6AQ UT WOS:000353708800015 ER PT B AU Ross-Nazzal, J AF Ross-Nazzal, Jennifer BE Turner, EH Cole, S Sharpless, R TI Mae C. Jemison The Right Stuff SO TEXAS WOMEN: THEIR HISTORIES, THEIR LIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Nasa Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Ross-Nazzal, J (reprint author), Nasa Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV GEORGIA PRESS PI ATHENS PA ATHENS, GA 30602 USA BN 978-0-8203-4720-2; 978-0-8203-4790-5; 978-0-8203-3744-9 PY 2015 BP 457 EP 480 PG 24 WC History; Women's Studies SC History; Women's Studies GA BC2UZ UT WOS:000351381400024 ER PT J AU Meyer, M Mulholland, GW Bryg, V Urban, DL Yuan, ZG Ruff, GA Cleary, T Yang, JA AF Meyer, Marit Mulholland, George W. Bryg, Victoria Urban, David L. Yuan, Zeng-guang Ruff, Gary A. Cleary, Thomas Yang, Jiann TI Smoke Characterization and Feasibility of the Moment Method for Spacecraft Fire Detection SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; EMISSIONS; INSTRUMENTS; COMBUSTION; PARTICLES AB The Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) has been conducted twice by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and provided real-time aerosol data in a spacecraft micro-gravity environment. Flight experiment results have been recently analyzed with respect to comparable ground-based experiments. The ground tests included an electrical mobility analyzer as a reference instrument for measuring particle size distributions of the smoke produced from overheating five common spacecraft materials. Repeatable sample surface temperatures were obtained with the SAME ground-based hardware, and measurements were taken with the aerosol instruments returned from the International Space Station comprising two commercial smoke detectors, three aerosol instruments, which measure moments of the particle size distribution, and a thermal precipitator for collecting smoke particles for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moment averages from the particle number concentration (zeroth moment), the diameter concentration (first moment), and the mass concentration (third moment) allowed calculation of the count mean diameter and the diameter of average mass of smoke particles. Additional size distribution information, including geometric mean diameter and geometric standard deviations, can be calculated if the particle size distribution is assumed to be lognormal. Both unaged and aged smoke particle size distributions from ground experiments were analyzed to determine the validity of lognormal assumption. Comparisons are made between flight experiment particle size distribution statistics generated by moment calculations and microscopy particle size distributions (using projected area equivalent diameter) from TEM grids, which have been returned to the Earth. C1 [Meyer, Marit; Urban, David L.; Ruff, Gary A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Combust Phys & Reacting Proc Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Mulholland, George W.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mulholland, George W.; Cleary, Thomas; Yang, Jiann] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bryg, Victoria; Yuan, Zeng-guang] Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Meyer, M (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Combust Phys & Reacting Proc Branch, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM marit.meyer@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 49 IS 5 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1080/02786826.2015.1025124 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG3GE UT WOS:000353165900003 ER PT J AU Mulholland, GW Meyer, M Urban, DL Ruff, GA Yuan, ZG Bryg, V Cleary, T Yang, JA AF Mulholland, George W. Meyer, Marit Urban, David L. Ruff, Gary A. Yuan, Zeng-guang Bryg, Victoria Cleary, Thomas Yang, Jiann TI Pyrolysis Smoke Generated Under Low-Gravity Conditions SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DEGRADATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MECHANISM; PARTICLES AB A series of smoke experiments were carried out in the Microgravity Science Glovebox on the International Space Station (ISS) Facility to assess the impact of low-gravity conditions on the properties of the smoke aerosol. The smokes were generated by heating five different materials commonly used in space vehicles. This study focuses on the effects of flow and heating temperature for low-gravity conditions on the pyrolysis rate, the smoke plume structure, the smoke yield, the average particle size, and particle structure. Low-gravity conditions allowed a unique opportunity to study the smoke plume for zero external flow without the complication of buoyancy. The diameter of average mass increased on average by a factor of 1.9 and the morphology of the smoke changed from agglomerate with flow to spherical at no flow for one material. The no flow case is an important scenario in spacecraft where smoke could be generated by the overheating of electronic components in confined spaces. From electron microcopy of samples returned to earth, it was found that the smoke can form an agglomerate shape as well as a spherical shape, which had previously been the assumed shape. A possible explanation for the shape of the smoke generated by each material is presented. C1 [Mulholland, George W.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mulholland, George W.; Cleary, Thomas; Yang, Jiann] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Meyer, Marit; Urban, David L.; Ruff, Gary A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Yuan, Zeng-guang; Bryg, Victoria] Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Mulholland, GW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, 2181 Glenn L Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM georgewm@umd.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 49 IS 5 BP 310 EP 321 DI 10.1080/02786826.2015.1025125 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG3GE UT WOS:000353165900004 ER PT J AU Remsberg, EE AF Remsberg, E. E. TI Methane as a diagnostic tracer of changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation of the stratosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; WATER-VAPOR; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; RESIDUAL CIRCULATION; SATELLITE DATA; MEAN AGE; TRANSPORT; AIR; CONSTITUENTS AB This study makes use of time series of methane (CH4) data from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) to detect whether there were any statistically significant changes of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) within the stratosphere during 1992-2005. The HALOE CH4 profiles are in terms of mixing ratio versus pressure altitude and are binned into latitude zones within the Southern Hemisphere and the Northern Hemisphere. Their separate time series are then analyzed using multiple linear regression (MLR) techniques. The CH4 trend terms for the Northern Hemisphere are significant and positive at 10 degrees N from 50 to 7 hPa and larger than the tropospheric CH4 trends of about 3% decade 1 from 20 to 7 hPa. At 60 degrees N the trends are clearly negative from 20 to 7 hPa. Their combined trends indicate an acceleration of the BDC in the middle stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere during those years, most likely due to changes from the effects of wave activity. No similar significant BDC acceleration is found for the Southern Hemisphere. Trends from HALOE H2O are analyzed for consistency. Their mutual trends with CH4 are anti-correlated qualitatively in the middle and upper stratosphere, where CH4 is chemically oxidized to H2O. Conversely, their mutual trends in the lower stratosphere are dominated by their trends upon entry to the tropical stratosphere. Time series residuals for CH4 in the lower mesosphere also exhibit structures that are anti-correlated in some instances with those of the tracer-like species HCl. Their occasional aperiodic structures indicate the effects of transport following episodic, wintertime wave activity. It is concluded that observed multi-year, zonally averaged distributions of CH4 can be used to diagnose major instances of wave-induced transport in the middle atmosphere and to detect changes in the stratospheric BDC. C1 NASA, Sci Directorate, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Remsberg, EE (reprint author), NASA, Sci Directorate, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd,Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM ellis.e.remsberg@nasa.gov NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 7 BP 3739 EP 3754 DI 10.5194/acp-15-3739-2015 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG0LF UT WOS:000352957400007 ER PT J AU Tan, F Lim, HS Abdullah, K Yoon, TL Holben, B AF Tan, F. Lim, H. S. Abdullah, K. Yoon, T. L. Holben, B. TI Monsoonal variations in aerosol optical properties and estimation of aerosol optical depth using ground-based meteorological and air quality data in Peninsular Malaysia SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS-BURNING AEROSOLS; TROPICAL COASTAL STATION; SUN-PHOTOMETER DATA; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; ANGSTROM EXPONENT; TEMPORAL HETEROGENEITY; MODEL EVALUATION; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; VISIBILITY; AERONET AB Obtaining continuous aerosol-optical-depth (AOD) measurements is a difficult task due to the cloud-cover problem. With the main motivation of overcoming this problem, an AOD-predicting model is proposed. In this study, the optical properties of aerosols in Penang, Malaysia were analyzed for four monsoonal seasons (northeast monsoon, pre-monsoon, southwest monsoon, and post-monsoon) based on data from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) from February 2012 to November 2013. The aerosol distribution patterns in Penang for each monsoonal period were quantitatively identified according to the scattering plots of the Angstrom exponent against the AOD. A new empirical algorithm was proposed to predict the AOD data. Ground-based measurements (i.e., visibility and air pollutant index) were used in the model as predictor data to retrieve the missing AOD data from AERONET due to frequent cloud formation in the equatorial region. The model coefficients were determined through multiple regression analysis using selected data set from in situ data. The calibrated model coefficients have a coefficient of determination, R-2, of 0.72. The predicted AOD of the model was generated based on these calibrated coefficients and compared against the measured data through standard statistical tests, yielding a R-2 of 0.68 as validation accuracy. The error in weighted mean absolute percentage error (wMAPE) was less than 0.40% compared with the real data. The results revealed that the proposed model efficiently predicted the AOD data. Performance of our model was compared against selected LIDAR data to yield good correspondence. The predicted AOD can enhance measured short- and long-term AOD and provide supplementary information for climatological studies and monitoring aerosol variation. C1 [Tan, F.; Lim, H. S.; Abdullah, K.; Yoon, T. L.] Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Phys, George Town 11800, Malaysia. [Holben, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tan, F (reprint author), Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Phys, George Town 11800, Malaysia. EM fuyitan@yahoo.com RI Lim, Hwee San/F-6580-2010; OI Lim, Hwee San/0000-0002-4835-8015; Tan, Fuyi/0000-0002-9655-3608 FU RU [1001/PFIZIK/811228]; RUI-PRGS [1001/PFIZIK/846083] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by RU (grant no. 1001/PFIZIK/811228) and RUI-PRGS grants (grant no. 1001/PFIZIK/846083). The authors would like to thank the members of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for setup assembly, as well as the site members who maintained the AERONET in Penang. The authors also acknowledge A. Smirnov from NASA for fruitful discussions on certain issues. NR 92 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 7 BP 3755 EP 3771 DI 10.5194/acp-15-3755-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG0LF UT WOS:000352957400008 ER PT J AU Lawrence, ZD Manney, GL Minschwaner, K Santee, ML Lambert, A AF Lawrence, Z. D. Manney, G. L. Minschwaner, K. Santee, M. L. Lambert, A. TI Comparisons of polar processing diagnostics from 34 years of the ERA-Interim and MERRA reanalyses SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC OZONE DEPLETION; METEOROLOGICAL ANALYSES; STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS; WINTER; VORTEX; ASSIMILATION; CHEMISTRY; MODEL; DENITRIFICATION; EVENTS AB We present a comprehensive comparison of polar processing diagnostics derived from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Reanalysis (ERA-Interim). We use diagnostics that focus on meteorological conditions related to stratospheric chemical ozone loss based on temperatures, polar vortex dynamics, and air parcel trajectories to evaluate the effects these reanalyses might have on polar processing studies. Our results show that the agreement between MERRA and ERA-Interim changes significantly over the 34 years from 1979 to 2013 in both hemispheres and in many cases improves. By comparing our diagnostics during five time periods when an increasing number of higher-quality observations were brought into these reanalyses, we show how changes in the data assimilation systems (DAS) of MERRA and ERA-Interim affected their meteorological data. Many of our stratospheric temperature diagnostics show a convergence toward significantly better agreement, in both hemispheres, after 2001 when Aqua and GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) radiances were introduced into the DAS. Other diagnostics, such as the winter mean volume of air with temperatures below polar stratospheric cloud formation thresholds (V-PSC) and some diagnostics of polar vortex size and strength, do not show improved agreement between the two reanalyses in recent years when data inputs into the DAS were more comprehensive. The polar processing diagnostics calculated from MERRA and ERA-Interim agree much better than those calculated from earlier reanalysis data sets. We still, however, see fairly large differences in many of the diagnostics in years prior to 2002, raising the possibility that the choice of one reanalysis over another could significantly influence the results of polar processing studies. After 2002, we see overall good agreement among the diagnostics, which demonstrates that the ERA-Interim and MERRA reanalyses are equally appropriate choices for polar processing studies of recent Arctic and Antarctic winters. C1 [Lawrence, Z. D.; Manney, G. L.; Minschwaner, K.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Manney, G. L.] NorthWest Res Associates, Socorro, NM USA. [Santee, M. L.; Lambert, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Lawrence, ZD (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM zlawrenc@nmt.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors would like to thank the personnel responsible for producing the ERA-Interim and MERRA reanalysis data sets. ERA-Interim data were made available by ECMWF, Shinfield Park, Reading, UK; MERRA data were provided by the GMAO, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA. Thanks to David Tan, Steven Pawson, and our reviewers, S. Chabrillat and C. Long, for their helpful comments and suggestions regarding this work; N. Livesey for help with setting up the trajectory code; and B. Knosp, W. Daffer, and the JPL Microwave Limb Sounder team for computing and data management support. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 7 BP 3873 EP 3892 DI 10.5194/acp-15-3873-2015 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG0LF UT WOS:000352957400015 ER PT S AU Arbabi, A Horie, Y Ball, AJ Bagheri, M Faraon, A AF Arbabi, Amir Horie, Yu Ball, Alexander J. Bagheri, Mahmood Faraon, Andrei BE ChangHasnain, CJ Fattal, D Koyama, F Zhou, W TI Efficient high NA flat micro-lenses realized using high contrast transmitarrays SO HIGH CONTRAST METASTRUCTURES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Contrast Metastructures IV CY FEB 11-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Flat micro-lens; high numerical aperture; metasurface; transmitarray; high index contrast; grating; diffractive lens ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; FRESNEL LENSES; VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS; ORDER GRATINGS; ARRAYS; METASURFACES; REFLECTORS; ELEMENTS AB We present design, fabrication, and characterization results of high numerical aperture (NA) micro-lenses based on a high contrast transmitarray platform. The high contrast transmitarray is created by periodic arrangement of amorphous silicon posts with different diameters on a fused silica substrate. We report near infrared high NA micro-lenses with spot sizes as small as 0.57 lambda and focusing efficiencies in excess of 80%. We demonstrate a trade-off relation between NA and efficiency of high contrast array flat micro-lenses, and attribute it to the spatial discretization of their phase profiles. C1 [Arbabi, Amir; Horie, Yu; Ball, Alexander J.; Faraon, Andrei] CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bagheri, Mahmood] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Arbabi, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Lab Appl Phys, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM amir@caltech.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-462-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9372 AR 93720P DI 10.1117/12.2079509 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BC5JG UT WOS:000353321800016 ER PT S AU Arbabi, A Horie, Y Bagheri, M Faraon, A AF Arbabi, Amir Horie, Yu Bagheri, Mahmood Faraon, Andrei BE ChangHasnain, CJ Fattal, D Koyama, F Zhou, W TI Highly efficient polarization control using subwavelength high contrast transmitarrays SO High Contrast Metastructures IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Contrast Metastructures IV CY FEB 11-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Wave plate; metasurface; transmitarray; high index contrast; grating; cylindrical vector beams; radial and azimuthal polarizations; polarization control ID DIELECTRICS; GRATINGS AB We report efficient wave plates with different retardations and orientations of fast axes realized using transmitarrays composed of a periodic arrangement of amorphous silicon elliptical cylinders on glass. We show that novel polarization devices which locally rotate the polarization by different angles while preserving the wavefront can be demonstrated using such a high contrast transmitarray. We present design, fabrication and experimental characterization results for near infrared transmissive wave retarders with efficiencies in excess of 90%, and discuss the potential applications of atwill local polarization control enabled by this technology. C1 [Arbabi, Amir; Horie, Yu; Faraon, Andrei] CALTECH, TJ Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bagheri, Mahmood] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Arbabi, A (reprint author), CALTECH, TJ Watson Lab Appl Phys, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM amir@caltech.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-462-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9372 AR 93720H DI 10.1117/12.2079559 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BC5JG UT WOS:000353321800011 ER PT J AU McDermid, KJ Lefebvre, JA Balazs, GH AF McDermid, Karla J. Lefebvre, James A. Balazs, George H. TI Nonnative Seashore Paspalum, Paspalum vaginatum (Poaceae), Consumed by Hawaiian Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas): Evidence for Nutritional Benefits SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SODIC DRAINAGE WATER; ISLANDS; DIET; QUALITY; PLANTS; FOOD; BAY AB The Hawaiian green turtle, Chelonia mydas Linnaeus, is a marine herbivore known to feed on sea grasses and seaweeds. On the east side of the island of Hawai'i, at high tide, green turtles have been observed feeding on a terrestrial, salt-tolerant turfgrass: seashore paspalum, Paspalum vaginatum Swartz, first introduced to the Hawaiian Islands in the 1930s. The role of this grass in green turtle nutrition is unknown. Paspalum vaginatum samples were collected at Keaukaha Beach Park, Hilo, and analyzed for nutritional composition (percentage water, percentage ash, caloric value, C : N ratio, percentage protein, and percentage lignin). In addition, two red seaweeds, Pterocladiella capillacea (Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand, a common food source for green turtles, and Ahnfeltiopsis concinna (J. Agardh) Silva & DeCew, an abundant high-intertidal species sometimes consumed by turtles, were analyzed for comparison. In contrast to the two seaweed species, Paspalum vaginatum contained approximately half the ash; 300-1,500 more calories/g ash-free dry weight; three to four times greater total protein; and 3-19 times higher lignin content. Green turtles in Hawai` i may opportunistically consume P. vaginatum because of its local abundance and /or its high protein and caloric content. In foraging areas where native macroalgal species have declined and/or turtle carrying capacity has been reached, green turtles may exploit new foods, such as seashore paspalum, and perhaps mitigate decline in somatic growth rates and body condition. C1 [McDermid, Karla J.; Lefebvre, James A.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP McDermid, KJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, 200 West Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM mcdermid@hawaii.edu FU National Science Foundation [EPS-0903833] FX We thank University of Hawai'i at Hilo professors Jason Adolf, Steven Colbert, Marta deMaintenon, and Grant Gerrish for their input. Mahalo to Lucas Mead and Tara Holitzki for use of the UH Hilo Analytical Laboratory, and Clyde Imada of Bernice P. Bishop Museum for help tracking down herbarium specimens. Thank you to Kathryn Podorsek and Megan Santos for assisting with collections. We are grateful to those who kindly reviewed drafts and helped to improve this article: Karen Bjorndal, Audrey Rivero, Jeff Seminoff, Hannah Vander Zanden, and Rick Warshauer. Analytical analyses conducted by the UH Hilo Analytical Laboratory for this project were supported in part by National Science Foundation award no. EPS-0903833. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 17 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 69 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.2984/69.1.3 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CG3HR UT WOS:000353171100003 ER PT J AU Errico, RM Prive, NC Gu, W AF Errico, Ronald M. Prive, Nikki C. Gu, Wei TI Use of an OSSE to evaluate background-error covariances estimated by the NMC method SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE OSSE; data assimilation; background error; NMC method ID RADIO OCCULTATION MEASUREMENTS; SYSTEM SIMULATION EXPERIMENT; SINGULAR VECTORS; ASSIMILATION OFFICE; FORECAST SKILL; BENDING ANGLE; MODEL; VALIDATION AB The NMC method has proven utility for prescribing approximate background-error covariances required by variational data assimilation systems. Here, untuned NMC method estimates are compared with explicitly determined error covariances produced within an OSSE context by exploiting availability of the true simulated states. Such a comparison provides insights into what kind of rescaling is required to render the NMC method estimates usable. It is shown that rescaling of variances and directional correlation lengths depends greatly on both pressure and latitude. In particular, some scaling coefficients appropriate in the Tropics are the reciprocal of those in the Extratropics. Also, the degree of dynamic balance is grossly overestimated by the NMC method. These results agree with previous examinations of the NMC method which used ensembles as an alternative for estimating background-error statistics. C1 [Errico, Ronald M.; Prive, Nikki C.] Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Errico, Ronald M.; Prive, Nikki C.; Gu, Wei] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gu, Wei] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Errico, RM (reprint author), NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, GSFC, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ronald.m.errico@nasa.gov OI Prive, Nikki/0000-0001-8309-8741 FU GMAO FX The ECMWF nature run was provided by Erik Andersson through arrangements made by Michiko Masutani. The software for simulating GPSRO observations was provided by the Radio Occultation Processing Package with the assistance of Sean Healy at ECMWF. Support for this project was encouraged by Michele Rienecker and provided by GMAO core funding. Attention to Berre et al. (2006) and Belo Pereira and Berre (2006) was suggested by two anonymous reviewers, which was very helpful in revising the manuscript. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 141 IS 687 BP 611 EP 618 DI 10.1002/qj.2384 PN B PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG6LV UT WOS:000353413500022 ER PT S AU Wilson, MA Pohorille, A AF Wilson, Michael A. Pohorille, Andrew BE Vagenas, EC Vlachos, DS Bastos, C Hofer, T Kominis, Y Kosmas, O LeLay, G DePadova, P Rode, B Suraud, E Varga, K TI Calculating Conductance of Ion Channels - Linking Molecular Dynamics and Electrophysiology SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN PHYSICAL SCIENCES (IC-MSQUARE 2014) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Physical Sciences (IC-MSQUARE) CY AUG 28-31, 2014 CL Madrid, SPAIN ID SIMULATION AB Molecular dynamics computer simulations were combined with an electrodiffusion model to compute conduction of simple ion channels. The main assumptions of the model, and the consistency, efficiency and accuracy of the ion current calculations were tested and found satisfactory. The calculated current-voltage dependence for a synthetic peptide channel is in agreement with experiments and correctly captures the asymmetry of current with respect to applied field. C1 [Wilson, Michael A.; Pohorille, Andrew] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Wilson, Michael A.; Pohorille, Andrew] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Wilson, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM Michael.A.Wilson@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 574 AR 012009 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/574/1/012009 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Mathematics; Physics GA BC4LF UT WOS:000352595600009 ER PT J AU Li, ZZ Zhang, Y Wang, S Li, LH Mclinden, M AF Li, Zhengzheng Zhang, Yan Wang, Shang Li, Lihua Mclinden, Matthew TI Fast Adaptive Pulse Compression Based on Matched Filter Outputs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE CLUTTER; RADAR; SUPPRESSION; DESIGN AB An adaptive pulse compression (APC) algorithm is developed, based on the concept of minimum mean square error (MMSE), that utilizes matched filter (MF) output as its input and is termed Matched-Filter-Reiterative-MMSE (MF-RMMSE). MF-RMMSE allows the use of a smaller processing window than traditional reiterative-MMSE (RMMSE) but achieves identical performance at side-lobe suppression, and thus the computational load is reduced. MF-RMMSE also facilitates the implementation of APC to current radar sensors, since the existing MF implementations can be untouched. The derivation of MF-RMMSE is provided in detail, and its performance is validated through both simulations and actual airborne radar measurements for "mixed-target" observations, which includes both hard targets and distributed weather targets. C1 [Li, Zhengzheng; Zhang, Yan; Wang, Shang] Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Li, Lihua; Mclinden, Matthew] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Li, ZZ (reprint author), Radar Innovat Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM rockee@ou.edu FU NASA Goddard Center [NNX09CF64P, NNX11AM10A] FX The authors appreciate the support provided by NASA Goddard Center through grants NNX09CF64P and NNX11AM10A. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 548 EP 564 DI 10.1109/TAES.2014.130544 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CF6XT UT WOS:000352700900043 ER PT J AU Seo, M Hacker, J Urteaga, M Skalare, A Rodwell, M AF Seo, Munkyo Hacker, John Urteaga, Miguel Skalare, Anders Rodwell, Mark TI A 529 GHz dynamic frequency divider in 130 nm InP HBT process SO IEICE ELECTRONICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article DE dynamic frequency divider; regenerative frequency divider; InP heterojunction bipolar transistors; terahertz AB This letter presents a 529 GHz 2:1 dynamic frequency divider in a 130 nm InP HBT process, which, to the best of authors' knowledge, is the fastest frequency divider reported thus far. The presented divider is based on a novel structure to overcome bandwidth limitations of traditional dynamic frequency divider design. On-wafer measurement shows that the divider operates with the input frequency from 528.0 GHz to 529.2 GHz with bias voltage tuning, while consuming P-DC <= 196 mW. A driver amplifier, integrated for testing purpose, dissipates 348 mW of dc power. C1 [Seo, Munkyo] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Coll Informat & Commun Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Hacker, John; Urteaga, Miguel] Teledyne Sci Co, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. [Skalare, Anders] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Rodwell, Mark] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Seo, M (reprint author), Sungkyunkwan Univ, Coll Informat & Commun Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea. EM mkseo@skku.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under THz Electronics Program [HR0011-09-060]; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korean government (MSIP) [2014R1A5A1011478]; MEST [2013-056424] FX This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under the THz Electronics Program under Contract HR0011-09-060, the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (2014R1A5A1011478), and MEST (2013-056424). NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 1349-2543 J9 IEICE ELECTRON EXPR JI IEICE Electron. Express PY 2015 VL 12 IS 3 AR 20141118 DI 10.1587/elex.12.20141118 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CF6HK UT WOS:000352657600009 ER PT J AU Del Zanna, L Matteini, L Landi, S Verdini, A Velli, M AF Del Zanna, L. Matteini, L. Landi, S. Verdini, A. Velli, M. TI Parametric decay of parallel and oblique Alfven waves in the expanding solar wind SO JOURNAL OF PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE-DRIVEN MODEL; HYBRID SIMULATIONS; INNER HELIOSPHERE; FINITE-AMPLITUDE; RADIAL EVOLUTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MHD TURBULENCE; INSTABILITY; FLUCTUATIONS; ORIGIN AB The long-term evolution of large-amplitude Alfven waves propagating in the solar wind is investigated by performing two-dimensional MHD simulations within the expanding box model. The linear and nonlinear phases of the parametric decay instability are studied for both circularly polarized waves in parallel propagation and for arc-polarized waves in oblique propagation. The non-monochromatic case is also considered. In the oblique case, the direct excitation of daughter modes transverse to the local background field is found for the first time in an expanding environment, and this transverse cascade seems to be favored for monochromatic mother waves. The expansion effect reduces the instability growth rate, and it can even suppress its onset for the lowest frequency modes considered here, possibly explaining the persistence of these outgoing waves in the solar wind. C1 [Del Zanna, L.; Matteini, L.; Landi, S.; Verdini, A.; Velli, M.] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Del Zanna, L.; Landi, S.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Del Zanna, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, Milan, Italy. [Matteini, L.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Space & Atmospher Phys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Verdini, A.] Royal Observ Belgium, Solar Terr Ctr Excellence, Brussels, Belgium. [Velli, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Del Zanna, L (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, I-50121 Florence, Italy. EM luca.delzanna@unifi.it RI Landi, Simone/G-7282-2015; Del Zanna, Luca/N-5598-2015 OI Landi, Simone/0000-0002-1322-8712; Del Zanna, Luca/0000-0001-5200-882X FU European Commission's Seventh Framework Program (FP7) [284515]; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/K001051/1]; Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme; Belgian Science Policy Office [IAP P7/08 CHARM]; Italian Space Agency; NASA FX The authors thank Roland Grappin for stimulating discussions and two anonymous referees for their useful suggestions. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under the grant agreement SHOCK (project number 284515). The research described in this paper was also supported by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council grant ST/K001051/1, and by a grant from the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme initiated by the Belgian Science Policy Office (IAP P7/08 CHARM). This work was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory under a contract with NASA. We also acknowledge support from the Italian Space Agency. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-3778 EI 1469-7807 J9 J PLASMA PHYS JI J. Plasma Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 81 AR 325810102 DI 10.1017/S0022377814000579 PN 1 PG 21 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CE9WF UT WOS:000352193400010 ER PT S AU Burlaga, L Ness, N AF Burlaga, L. Ness, N. BE Zank, GP TI Voyager 1 Observations of the Interstellar Magnetic Field and the Transition from the Heliosheath SO 13TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS CONFERENCE: VOYAGER, IBEX, AND THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual International Astrophysics Conference on Voyager, IBEX, and the Interstellar Medium CY MAR 10-14, 2014 CL Myrtle Beach, SC ID DYNAMICAL HELIOSPHERE; SOLAR-WIND; HELIOPAUSE; REGION; CYCLE AB Voyager 1 (V1) has been observing interstellar magnetic fields (ISMF) for more than one year, from 2012/209 to at least 2013.6. From 2013.0 to 2013.6 the difference between the azimuthal angle of the ISMF and the Parker spiral angle at the latitude 34.6 degrees of V1 was (22 +/- 3)degrees and the corresponding difference of the elevation angle was (0 +/- 8)degrees. During 2012 the deviation from the Parker spiral angle was somewhat smaller. The interstellar magnetic field has a West to East polarity, opposite to the direction of planetary motions. The magnitude of the ISMF varied smoothly in the range 0.38 nT to 0.59 nT with an average strength 0.49nT. The strongest interstellar fields were observed behind a shock at 2012/297 that was preceded by 2.2 KHz plasma oscillations, which implies an interstellar electron density n(e) = 0.05/cm(-3). The ISMF was observed after V1 crossed a current sheet CS0 having the structure of a tangential discontinuity. The inclination of this current sheet is consistent with an interstellar magnetic field draped on a blunt heliopause. Two other current sheets (sector boundaries) were observed earlier in the heliosheath at 2012/167 and 2011/276 with high inclinations (99 +/-10)degrees and (89 +/- 10)degrees, respectively). The transition from heliosheath to interstellar magnetic fields is related to a two-step increase in the cosmic ray intensity observed by V1 from 2012.30 to 2012.65. The first step-increase began near the end of an unusual away-polarity sector, and it reached a plateau when V1 moved into a toward-polarity sector that ended at CS0. The second step-increase began slowly after V1 crossed CS0, and it ended abruptly at 2012/237.728. C1 [Burlaga, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ness, N.] Catholic Univ Amer, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Burlaga, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 673, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM lburlagahsp@verizon.net NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 577 AR 012005 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/577/1/012005 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BC3YZ UT WOS:000352101600005 ER PT S AU Randol, BM Christian, ER AF Randol, B. M. Christian, E. R. BE Zank, GP TI Suprathermal ions in the solar wind from the Voyager spacecraft: Instrument modeling and background analysis SO 13TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS CONFERENCE: VOYAGER, IBEX, AND THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual International Astrophysics Conference on Voyager, IBEX, and the Interstellar Medium CY MAR 10-14, 2014 CL Myrtle Beach, SC ID ENERGETIC PARTICLES; PICKUP IONS; ACCELERATION; SPECTRA; HELIOSPHERE; REGIONS; SHOCK; RECONNECTION; PROTONS; TAILS AB Using publicly available data from the Voyager Low Energy Charged Particle (LECP) instruments, we investigate the form of the solar wind ion suprathermal tail in the outer heliosphere inside the termination shock. This tail has a commonly observed form in the inner heliosphere, that is, a power law with a particular spectral index. The Voyager spacecraft have taken data beyond 100 AU, farther than any other spacecraft. However, during extended periods of time, the data appears to be mostly background. We have developed a technique to self-consistently estimate the background seen by LECP due to cosmic rays using data from the Voyager cosmic ray instruments and a simple, semi-analytical model of the LECP instruments. C1 [Randol, B. M.; Christian, E. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Randol, BM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM brentrandol@gmail.com NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 577 AR 012020 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/577/1/012020 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BC3YZ UT WOS:000352101600020 ER PT S AU Schwadron, NA Adams, FC Christian, E Desiati, P Frisch, P Funsten, HO Jokipii, JR McComas, DJ Moebius, E Zank, GP AF Schwadron, N. A. Adams, F. C. Christian, E. Desiati, P. Frisch, P. Funsten, H. O. Jokipii, J. R. McComas, D. J. Moebius, E. Zank, G. P. BE Zank, GP TI Anisotropies in TeV Cosmic Rays Related to the Local Interstellar Magnetic Field from the IBEX Ribbon SO 13TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS CONFERENCE: VOYAGER, IBEX, AND THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual International Astrophysics Conference on Voyager, IBEX, and the Interstellar Medium CY MAR 10-14, 2014 CL Myrtle Beach, SC ID BOUNDARY-EXPLORER RIBBON; ARRIVAL DIRECTIONS; LO OBSERVATIONS; ENA FLUX; CLOUD; SCINTILLATION; HELIOSPHERE; SPECTRUM; ICECUBE; SIRIUS AB The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) observes enhanced Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs) emission in the keV energy range from a narrow (similar to 20 degrees wide) "ribbon" in the sky that appears to be centered on the direction of the local interstellar (LIS) magnetic field. The Milagro collaboration, the As gamma collaboration and the Ice Cube observatory have recently made global maps of cosmic ray fluxes in the TeV energy range, revealing anisotropic structures ordered in part by the local interstellar magnetic field and the interstellar flow. This paper following from a recent publication in Science makes the link between these disparate observations by developing a simple model of the magnetic structure surrounding the heliosphere in the Local Interstellar Medium (LISM) that is consistent with both IBEX ENA fluxes and TeV cosmic ray anisotropies. The model also employs the revised velocity direction of the LIC derived from neutral He observations by IBEX. By modeling the propagation of cosmic rays through this magnetic field structure, we specifically show that (1) the large-scale TeV anisotropy provides a roughly consistent orientation for the local interstellar magnetic field at the center of the IBEX Ribbon and corroborates the 3,uG magnitude of the local interstellar magnetic field derived from IBEX observations of the global heliosphere; (2) and small-scale structures in cosmic rays (over < 30 angular scales) are influenced by the interstellar field interaction with the heliosphere at energies < 10 TeV. Thus, we provide a link between IBEX ENA observations, IBEX neutral observations of interstellar He, and TeV cosmic ray anisotropies, which are strongly influenced by the interactions between the local interstellar magnetic field, the flow of the local interstellar plasma, and the global heliosphere. C1 [Schwadron, N. A.; Moebius, E.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Schwadron, N. A.; McComas, D. J.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Adams, F. C.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Christian, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Frisch, P.] Univ Wisconsin, IceCube Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Desiati, P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Frisch, P.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Funsten, H. O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Jokipii, J. R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McComas, D. J.] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Zank, G. P.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Schwadron, NA (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM n.schwadron@unh.edu OI Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039; Moebius, Eberhard/0000-0002-2745-6978 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 577 AR 012023 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/577/1/012023 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BC3YZ UT WOS:000352101600023 ER PT S AU Snowden, SL AF Snowden, S. L. BE Zank, GP TI Diffuse X-ray Background Constraints on Models of the Local Interstellar Medium SO 13TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS CONFERENCE: VOYAGER, IBEX, AND THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual International Astrophysics Conference on Voyager, IBEX, and the Interstellar Medium CY MAR 10-14, 2014 CL Myrtle Beach, SC ID ROSAT SURVEY; GAS; MAPS; BUBBLE; SUN AB There is a flux of soft X-rays (0.07-0.284 keV) of diffuse origin observable over the entire sky. As X-rays of this energy are strongly absorbed by the interstellar medium (ISM), one optical depth is 10(19) -10(20) H cm(-2), they provide a unique probe of neutral material in the solar vicinity. However, to be an effective probe requires that the distribution of emission be well understood, a requirement that is currently unfulfilled (although progress is being made), with unclear fractions originating in the Galactic halo, Local Hot Bubble, heliosphere, and Earth's magnetosheath. The various available data, their consistency (or lack thereof), and their implications for understanding the very local ISM are briefly discussed. C1 NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Snowden, SL (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM steven.l.snowden@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 577 AR 012022 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/577/1/012022 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BC3YZ UT WOS:000352101600022 ER PT J AU Loughman, R Flittner, D Nyaku, E Bhartia, PK AF Loughman, R. Flittner, D. Nyaku, E. Bhartia, P. K. TI Gauss-Seidel limb scattering (GSLS) radiative transfer model development in support of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) limb profiler mission SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; O-3 PROFILES; ATMOSPHERE; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; PERFORMANCE; INSTRUMENT; SCIAMACHY; SATELLITE AB The Gauss-Seidel limb scattering (GSLS) radiative transfer (RT) model simulates the transfer of solar radiation through the atmosphere and is imbedded in the retrieval algorithm used to process data from the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) limb profiler (LP), which was launched on the Suomi NPP satellite in October 2011. A previous version of this model has been compared with several other limb scattering RT models in previous studies, including Siro, MCC++, CDIPI, LIMBTRAN, SASKTRAN, VECTOR, and McSCIA. To address deficiencies in the GSLS radiance calculations revealed in earlier comparisons, several recent changes have been added that improve the accuracy and flexibility of the GSLS model, including 1. improved treatment of the variation of the extinction coefficient with altitude, both within atmospheric layers and above the nominal top of the atmosphere; 2. addition of multiple-scattering source function calculations at multiple solar zenith angles along the line of sight (LOS); 3. introduction of variable surface properties along the limb LOS, with minimal effort required to add variable atmospheric properties along the LOS as well; 4. addition of the ability to model multiple aerosol types within the model atmosphere. The model improvements 1 and 2 are verified by comparison to previously published results (using standard radiance tables whenever possible), demonstrating significant improvement in cases for which previous versions of the GSLS model performed poorly. The single-scattered radiance errors that were as high as 4% in earlier studies are now generally reduced to 0.3%, while total radiance errors generally decline from 10% to 1-3%. In all cases, the tangent height dependence of the GSLS radiance error is greatly reduced. C1 [Loughman, R.; Nyaku, E.] Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Flittner, D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Bhartia, P. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Loughman, R (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. EM robert.loughman@hamptonu.edu RI Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016 OI Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137 FU NASA GSFC through SSAI [21205-12-043] FX The majority of the material presented in this paper first appeared as a poster at the 7th Atmospheric Limb Conference, which was hosted by the University of Bremen, Germany, in June 2013. This research was supported by NASA GSFC through SSAI subcontract 21205-12-043. The authors thank NASA and NOAA for supporting limb scattering research and particularly recognize Didier Rault for years of leadership developing the OMPS LP algorithms. Larry Thomason and Terry Deshler shared helpful insights into the stratospheric aerosol problem. The NASA, SSAI, and NOAA OMPS teams supported this research and contributed many useful discussions, including Ghassan Taha, Larry Flynn, Zhong Chen, Philippe Xu, Tong Zhu, Steve Taylor, Matt DeLand, Nick Gorkavyi, Al Fleig, Jack Larsen, Mike Linda, Leslie Moy, and Peter Hall. Several Hampton University students contributed to studies that have improved the GSLS model, including Daryl Ludy, Simone Hyater-Adams, Ricardo Uribe, Curtis Driver, Jonathan Geasey, Nicholas Carletta, and Darel Davidson. Two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments that improved this paper. We appreciate the OSIRIS, SCIAMACHY, SAGE II, SAGE III, and University of Wyoming measurement teams for maintaining and sharing their high-quality data sets. Finally, we thank Alexei Rozanov and the University of Bremen team for enabling remote participation in the 7th Atmospheric Limb Conference. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 6 BP 3007 EP 3020 DI 10.5194/acp-15-3007-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IN UT WOS:000352157600002 ER PT J AU Tummon, F Hassler, B Harris, NRP Staehelin, J Steinbrecht, W Anderson, J Bodeker, GE Bourassa, A Davis, SM Degenstein, D Frith, SM Froidevaux, L Kyrola, E Laine, M Long, C Penckwitt, AA Sioris, CE Rosenlof, KH Roth, C Wang, HJ Wild, J AF Tummon, F. Hassler, B. Harris, N. R. P. Staehelin, J. Steinbrecht, W. Anderson, J. Bodeker, G. E. Bourassa, A. Davis, S. M. Degenstein, D. Frith, S. M. Froidevaux, L. Kyrola, E. Laine, M. Long, C. Penckwitt, A. A. Sioris, C. E. Rosenlof, K. H. Roth, C. Wang, H. -J. Wild, J. TI Intercomparison of vertically resolved merged satellite ozone data sets: interannual variability and long-term trends SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; SAGE-II; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; HALOE MEASUREMENTS; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; TECHNICAL NOTE; CLIMATE MODEL; COLUMN OZONE; PROFILES; OSIRIS AB In the framework of the SI2N (SPARC (Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate)/IO3C (International Ozone Commission)/IGACO-O3 (Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observations - Ozone)/NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change)) initiative, several long-term vertically resolved merged ozone data sets produced from satellite measurements have been analysed and compared. This paper presents an overview of the methods, assumptions, and challenges involved in constructing such merged data sets, as well as the first thorough intercomparison of seven new long-term satellite data sets. The analysis focuses on the representation of the annual cycle, interannual variability, and long-term trends for the period 1984-2011, which is common to all data sets. Overall, the best agreement amongst data sets is seen in the mid-latitude lower and middle stratosphere, with larger differences in the equatorial lower stratosphere and the upper stratosphere globally. In most cases, differences in the choice of underlying instrument records that were merged produced larger differences between data sets than the use of different merging techniques. Long-term ozone trends were calculated for the period 1984-2011 using a piecewise linear regression with a change in trend prescribed at the end of 1997. For the 1984-1997 period, trends tend to be most similar between data sets (with largest negative trends ranging from -4 to -8% decade(-1) in the mid-latitude upper stratosphere), in large part due to the fact that most data sets are predominantly (or only) based on the SAGE-II record. Trends in the middle and lower stratosphere are much smaller, and, particularly for the lower stratosphere, large uncertainties remain. For the later period (1998-2011), trends vary to a greater extent, ranging from approximately -1 to +5% decade(-1) in the upper stratosphere. Again, middle and lower stratospheric trends are smaller and for most data sets not significantly different from zero. Overall, however, there is a clear shift from mostly negative to mostly positive trends between the two periods over much of the profile. C1 [Tummon, F.; Staehelin, J.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Hassler, B.; Davis, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hassler, B.; Davis, S. M.; Rosenlof, K. H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Harris, N. R. P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Steinbrecht, W.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Anderson, J.] Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Bodeker, G. E.; Penckwitt, A. A.] Bodeker Sci, Alexandra, New Zealand. [Bourassa, A.; Degenstein, D.; Sioris, C. E.; Roth, C.] Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Frith, S. M.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Froidevaux, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Kyrola, E.; Laine, M.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Long, C.; Wild, J.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Wang, H. -J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wild, J.] Innovim, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Tummon, F (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. EM fiona.tummon@env.ethz.ch RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Hassler, Birgit/E-8987-2010; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/G-6113-2010; Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Hassler, Birgit/0000-0003-2724-709X; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/0000-0003-0680-6729; Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Sioris, Christopher/0000-0003-1168-8755; Harris, Neil/0000-0003-1256-3006 FU Swiss National Science Foundation; UK Natural Environment Research Council FX The authors thank all those involved in the SI2N initiative whose research underlies the results presented here. Fiona Tummon thanks the Swiss National Science Foundation for funding. Neil Harris thanks the UK Natural Environment Research Council for an Advanced Research Fellowship. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was performed under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The use of MERRA data from GMAO is also acknowledged. We thank the two reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. NR 74 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 6 BP 3021 EP 3043 DI 10.5194/acp-15-3021-2015 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IN UT WOS:000352157600003 ER PT J AU Dawson, KW Meskhidze, N Josset, D Gasso, S AF Dawson, K. W. Meskhidze, N. Josset, D. Gasso, S. TI Spaceborne observations of the lidar ratio of marine aerosols SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; TO-BACKSCATTER RATIO; WIND-SPEED; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RAMAN LIDAR; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIRBORNE HSRL; EXTINCTION; CLOUD AB Retrievals of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) satellite sensor require the assumption of the extinction-to-backscatter ratio, also known as the lidar ratio. This paper evaluates a new method to calculate the lidar ratio of marine aerosols using two independent sources: the AOD from the Synergized Optical Depth of Aerosols (SODA) project and the integrated attenuated backscatter from CALIOP. With this method, the particulate lidar ratio can be derived for individual CALIOP retrievals in single aerosol layer, cloud-free columns over the ocean. Global analyses are carried out using CALIOP level 2, 5 km marine aerosol layer products and the collocated SODA nighttime data from December 2007 to November 2010. The global mean lidar ratio for marine aerosols was found to be 26 sr, roughly 30% higher than the current value prescribed by the CALIOP standard retrieval algorithm. Data analysis also showed considerable spatiotemporal variability in the calculated lidar ratio over the remote oceans. The calculated marine aerosol lidar ratio is found to vary with the mean ocean surface wind speed (U-10). An increase in U-10 reduces the mean lidar ratio for marine regions from 32 +/- 17 sr (for 0 < U-10 < 4 m s(-1)) to 22 +/- 7 sr (for U-10 > 15 m s(-1)). Such changes in the lidar ratio are expected to have a corresponding effect on the marine AOD from CALIOP. The outcomes of this study are relevant for future improvements of the SODA and CALIOP operational product and could lead to more accurate retrievals of marine AOD. C1 [Dawson, K. W.; Meskhidze, N.] N Carolina State Univ, Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Josset, D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Gasso, S.] Morgan State Univ, GESTAR, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Meskhidze, N (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM nmeskhidze@ncsu.edu RI Gasso, Santiago/H-9571-2014 OI Dawson, Kyle/0000-0003-3175-0456; Gasso, Santiago/0000-0002-6872-0018 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX11AG72G, NNX14AL89G]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1249273]; NASA Earth Science MEaSUREs DISCOVER Project; Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) Science Team FX This research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through grant numbers NNX11AG72G and NNX14AL89G and by the National Science Foundation through the grant AGS-1249273. The authors gratefully acknowledge the CALIPSO, CloudSat, and NASA Langley HSRL Teams for their support and effort in making the data available. CALIPSO data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. CloudSat data are produced by remote sensing systems and sponsored by the NASA Earth Science MEaSUREs DISCOVER Project and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) Science Team. The SODA product is developed at the ICARE data and services center (http://www.icare.univ-lille1.fr) in Lille (France) in the frame of the CALIPSO mission and supported by CNES. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 6 BP 3241 EP 3255 DI 10.5194/acp-15-3241-2015 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IN UT WOS:000352157600017 ER PT J AU Fytterer, T Mlynczak, MG Nieder, H Perot, K Sinnhuber, M Stiller, G Urban, J AF Fytterer, T. Mlynczak, M. G. Nieder, H. Perot, K. Sinnhuber, M. Stiller, G. Urban, J. TI Energetic particle induced intra-seasonal variability of ozone inside the Antarctic polar vortex observed in satellite data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR PROTON EVENTS; ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING MIPAS; LIMB EMISSION-SPECTRA; OCTOBER-NOVEMBER 2003; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; ION CHEMISTRY; MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; PRECIPITATION EVENTS; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; ODD NITROGEN AB Measurements from 2002 to 2011 by three independent satellite instruments, namely MIPAS, SABER, and SMR on board the ENVISAT, TIMED, and Odin satellites are used to investigate the intra-seasonal variability of stratospheric and mesospheric O-3 volume mixing ratio (vmr) inside the Antarctic polar vortex due to solar and geomagnetic activity. In this study, we individually analysed the relative O-3 vmr variations between maximum and minimum conditions of a number of solar and geomagnetic indices (F10.7 cm solar radio flux, Ap index, >= 2 MeV electron flux). The indices are 26-day averages centred at 1 April, 1 May, and 1 June while O-3 is based on 26-day running means from 1 April to 1 November at altitudes from 20 to 70 km. During solar quiet time from 2005 to 2010, the composite of all three instruments reveals an apparent negative O-3 signal associated to the geomagnetic activity (Ap index) around 1 April, on average reaching amplitudes between -5 and -10% of the respective O-3 background. The O-3 response exceeds the significance level of 95% and propagates downwards throughout the polar winter from the stratopause down to similar to 25 km. These observed results are in good qualitative agreement with the O-3 vmr pattern simulated with a three-dimensional chemistry-transport model, which includes particle impact ionisation. C1 [Fytterer, T.; Nieder, H.; Sinnhuber, M.; Stiller, G.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Mlynczak, M. G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Perot, K.; Urban, J.] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Fytterer, T (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. EM tilo.fytterer@kit.edu RI Perot, Kristell/D-3839-2013 OI Perot, Kristell/0000-0002-4267-8560 FU Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres (HGF) [VH-NG-624]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Swedish National Space Board (SNSB); Canadian Space Agency (CSA); National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes); Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France; European Space Agency (ESA) FX T. Fytterer, H. Nieder, and M. Sinnhuber gratefully acknowledge funding by the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres (HGF), grant VH-NG-624. The authors also acknowledge support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Open Access Publishing Fund of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes), the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France and the third party mission program of the European Space Agency (ESA). We further like to thank the ERA-Interim for free provision of data and related support. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 6 BP 3327 EP 3338 DI 10.5194/acp-15-3327-2015 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IN UT WOS:000352157600022 ER PT J AU Wang, T Dessler, AE Schoeberl, MR Randel, WJ Kim, JE AF Wang, T. Dessler, A. E. Schoeberl, M. R. Randel, W. J. Kim, J. -E. TI The impact of temperature vertical structure on trajectory modeling of stratospheric water vapor SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER; RADIO OCCULTATION; TRANSPORT; DEHYDRATION; SIMULATIONS; CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERE; OZONE; CHAMP AB Lagrangian trajectories driven by reanalysis meteorological fields are frequently used to study water vapor (H2O) in the stratosphere, in which the tropical cold-point temperatures regulate the amount of H2O entering the stratosphere. Therefore, the accuracy of temperatures in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) is of great importance for understanding stratospheric H2O abundances. Currently, most reanalyses, such as the NASA MERRA (Modern Era Retrospective - analysis for Research and Applications), only provide temperatures with similar to 1.2 km vertical resolution in the TTL, which has been argued to miss finer vertical structure in the tropopause and therefore introduce uncertainties in our understanding of stratospheric H2O. In this paper, we quantify this uncertainty by comparing the Lagrangian trajectory prediction of H2O using MERRA temperatures on standard model levels (traj.MER-T) to those using GPS temperatures at finer vertical resolution (traj.GPS-T), and those using adjusted MERRA temperatures with finer vertical structures induced by waves (traj.MER-Twave). It turns out that by using temperatures with finer vertical structure in the tropopause, the trajectory model more realistically simulates the dehydration of air entering the stratosphere. But the effect on H2O abundances is relatively minor: compared with traj.MER-T, traj.GPS-T tends to dry air by similar to 0.1 ppmv, while traj.MER-Twave tends to dry air by 0.2-0.3 ppmv. Despite these differences in absolute values of predicted H2O and vertical dehydration patterns, there is virtually no difference in the interannual variability in different runs. Overall, we find that a tropopause temperature with finer vertical structure has limited impact on predicted stratospheric H2O. C1 [Wang, T.; Dessler, A. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Wang, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. [Schoeberl, M. R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Columbia, MD USA. [Randel, W. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Kim, J. -E.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wang, T (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. EM tao.wang@jpl.nasa.gov RI Randel, William/K-3267-2016; Dessler, Andrew/G-8852-2012; Wang, Tao/C-2381-2011 OI Randel, William/0000-0002-5999-7162; Dessler, Andrew/0000-0003-3939-4820; Wang, Tao/0000-0003-3430-8508 FU NSF [AGS-1261948]; NASA [NNX13AK25G, NNX14AF15G]; NASA Aura Science Program; Graduate Student Visitor Program under the Advanced Study Program (ASP) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR); National Science Foundation FX The authors thank Kenneth Bowman, Joan Alexander, Sun Wong, and Eric Jensen for their helpful discussions and comments. This work was supported by NSF AGS-1261948, NASA grant NNX13AK25G and NNX14AF15G, and partially by the NASA Aura Science Program. This work was partially carried out during visits of Tao Wang funded by the Graduate Student Visitor Program under the Advanced Study Program (ASP) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), which is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 6 BP 3517 EP 3526 DI 10.5194/acp-15-3517-2015 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IN UT WOS:000352157600033 ER PT J AU Monks, SA Arnold, SR Emmons, LK Law, KS Turquety, S Duncan, BN Flemming, J Huijnen, V Tilmes, S Langner, J Mao, J Long, Y Thomas, JL Steenrod, SD Raut, JC Wilson, C Chipperfield, MP Diskin, GS Weinheimer, A Schlager, H Ancellet, G AF Monks, S. A. Arnold, S. R. Emmons, L. K. Law, K. S. Turquety, S. Duncan, B. N. Flemming, J. Huijnen, V. Tilmes, S. Langner, J. Mao, J. Long, Y. Thomas, J. L. Steenrod, S. D. Raut, J. C. Wilson, C. Chipperfield, M. P. Diskin, G. S. Weinheimer, A. Schlager, H. Ancellet, G. TI Multi-model study of chemical and physical controls on transport of anthropogenic and biomass burning pollution to the Arctic SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-MONOXIDE; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; OZONE MEASUREMENTS; SOURCE ATTRIBUTION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB Using observations from aircraft, surface stations and a satellite instrument, we comprehensively evaluate multi-model simulations of carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O-3) in the Arctic and over lower latitude emission regions, as part of the POLARCAT Model Inter-comparison Project (POLMIP). Evaluation of 11- atmospheric models with chemistry shows that they generally underestimate CO throughout the Arctic troposphere, with the largest biases found during winter and spring. Negative CO biases are also found throughout the Northern Hemisphere, with multi-model mean gross errors (9-12%) suggesting models perform similarly over Asia, North America and Europe. A multi-model annual mean tropospheric OH (10.8 +/- 0.6 x 10(5) molec cm(-3)) is found to be slightly higher than previous estimates of OH constrained by methyl chloroform, suggesting negative CO biases in models may be improved through better constraints on OH. Models that have lower Arctic OH do not always show a substantial improvement in their negative CO biases, suggesting that Arctic OH is not the dominant factor controlling the Arctic CO burden in these models. In addition to these general biases, models do not capture the magnitude of CO enhancements observed in the Arctic free troposphere in summer, suggesting model errors in the simulation of plumes that are transported from anthropogenic and biomass burning sources at lower latitudes. O-3 in the Arctic is also generally underestimated, particularly at the surface and in the upper troposphere. Summer O-3 comparisons over lower latitudes show several models overestimate upper tropospheric concentrations. Simulated CO, O-3 and OH all demonstrate a substantial degree of inter-model variability. Idealised CO-like tracers are used to quantitatively compare the impact of inter-model differences in transport and OH on CO in the Arctic troposphere. The tracers show that model differences in transport from Europe in winter and from Asia throughout the year are important sources of model variability at Barrow. Unlike transport, inter-model variability in OH similarly affects all regional tracers at Barrow. Comparisons of fixed-lifetime and OH-loss idealised CO-like tracers throughout the Arctic troposphere show that OH differences are a much larger source of inter-model variability than transport differences. Model OH concentrations are correlated with H2O concentrations, suggesting water vapour concentrations are linked to differences in simulated concentrations of CO and OH at high latitudes in these simulations. Despite inter-model differences in transport and OH, the relative contributions from the different source regions (North America, Europe and Asia) and different source types (anthropogenic and biomass burning) are comparable across the models. Fire emissions from the boreal regions in 2008 contribute 33, 43 and 19% to the total Arctic CO-like tracer in spring, summer and autumn, respectively, highlighting the importance of boreal fire emissions in controlling pollutant burdens in the Arctic. C1 [Monks, S. A.; Arnold, S. R.; Wilson, C.; Chipperfield, M. P.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Emmons, L. K.; Tilmes, S.; Weinheimer, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Law, K. S.; Thomas, J. L.; Raut, J. C.; Ancellet, G.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,INSU,LATMOS,IPSL, Paris, France. [Turquety, S.; Long, Y.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, UMR8539, Lab Meteorol Dynam,IPSL, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Duncan, B. N.; Steenrod, S. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Flemming, J.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Reading, Berks, England. [Huijnen, V.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Langner, J.] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Mao, J.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mao, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Chem & Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Schlager, H.] Deutsches Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. RP Monks, SA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM s.a.monks@leeds.ac.uk RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Raut, Jean-Christophe/G-3946-2016; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016 OI Wilson, Chris/0000-0001-8494-0697; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Raut, Jean-Christophe/0000-0002-3552-2437; Arnold, Steve/0000-0002-4881-5685; Huijnen, Vincent/0000-0002-2814-8475; MONKS, SARAH/0000-0003-3474-027X; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212 FU EurEX project - UK Natural Environmental Research Council [NE/H020241/1]; European Commission via the FP7 EUFAR Integrating Activity; US National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX08AD22G]; Agence National de Recherche (ANR) Climate Impact of Short-lived Climate Forcers and Methane in the Arctic (CLIMSLIP) Blanc SIMI [5-6 021 01]; CLIMSLIP-LEFE (CNRS-INSU); NOAA Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310071]; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency [NV-09414-12]; Swedish Climate and Clean Air research program, SCAC; French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR); CNES; CNRS-INSU-LEFE; IPEV; EUFAR FX This work was supported by the EurEX project, funded by the UK Natural Environmental Research Council (ref: NE/H020241/1). S. A. Monks and S. R. Arnold acknowledge support from the European Commission via the FP7 EUFAR Integrating Activity. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is funded by the US National Science Foundation and operated by the University Corporation of Atmospheric Research. Author L. K. Emmons acknowledges support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under award no. NNX08AD22G issued through the Science Mission Directorate, Tropospheric Composition Program. Authors K. S. Law, G. Ancellet, J. L. Thomas, J.-C. Raut, S. Turquety and Y. Long acknowledge support from projects Agence National de Recherche (ANR) Climate Impact of Short-lived Climate Forcers and Methane in the Arctic (CLIMSLIP) Blanc SIMI 5-6 021 01 and CLIMSLIP-LEFE (CNRS-INSU). Valuable help with WRF-Chem simulations from T. Onishi (LATMOS/IPSL) and G. Pfister (NCAR) and with TOMCAT maintenance from W. Feng (Leeds). J. Mao acknowledges the NOAA Climate Program Office grant NA13OAR4310071. Contributions by SMHI were funded by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency under contract NV-09414-12 and through the Swedish Climate and Clean Air research program, SCAC. We thank the POLARCAT aircraft teams, especially the NASA ARCTAS, DLR-GRACE, and French ATR-42 teams. French ATR-42 campaigns and data analysis were part of POLARCAT-France, funded by French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), CNES, CNRS-INSU-LEFE, IPEV and EUFAR. Thanks is given to all those involved in the collection and provision of data, specifically NOAA/ESRL/WDCGG for the surface data, the MOZAIC-IAGOS project for aircraft data and the MOPITT team for satellite data. NR 112 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 6 BP 3575 EP 3603 DI 10.5194/acp-15-3575-2015 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IN UT WOS:000352157600037 ER PT J AU Sutanto, SJ Hoffmann, G Scheepmaker, RA Worden, J Houweling, S Yoshimura, K Aben, I Rockmann, T AF Sutanto, S. J. Hoffmann, G. Scheepmaker, R. A. Worden, J. Houweling, S. Yoshimura, K. Aben, I. Rockmann, T. TI Global-scale remote sensing of water isotopologues in the troposphere: representation of first-order isotope effects SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC DEUTERATED WATER; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DELTA-D; EMISSION SPECTROMETER; VAPOR ISOTOPOLOGUES; HDO MEASUREMENTS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; HDO/H2O MEASUREMENTS; IMG/ADEOS DATA AB Over the last decade, global-scale data sets of atmospheric water vapor isotopologues (HDO) have become available from different remote sensing instruments. Due to the observational geometry and the spectral ranges that are used, few satellites sample water isotopologues in the lower troposphere, where the bulk of hydrological processes within the atmosphere take place. Here, we compare three satellite HDO data sets, two from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES retrieval version 4 and 5) and one from SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY), with results from the atmospheric global circulation model ECHAM4 (European Centre HAMburg 4). We examine a list of known isotopologue effects to qualitatively benchmark the various observational data sets. TES version 5 (TESV5), TES version 4 (TESV4), SCIAMACHY, ECHAM, and ECHAM convolved with averaging kernels of TES version 5 (ECHAM(AK5)) successfully reproduced a number of established isotopologue effects such as the latitude effect, the amount effect, and the continental effect. The improvement of TESV5 over TESV4 is confirmed by the steeper latitudinal gradient at higher latitudes in agreement with SCIAMACHY. Also the representation of other features of the water isotopologue cycle, such as the seasonally varying signal in the tropics due to the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), is improved in TESV5 and SCIAMACHY compared to TESV4. A known humidity bias due to the cross correlation of H2O and HDO measurements, which is of particular importance for instruments with low sensitivity close to the surface, was analyzed by applying either a humidity bias correction or a suitable a posteriori analysis. We suggest that the qualitative and quantitative tests carried out in this study could become benchmark tests for evaluation of future satellite isotopologue data sets. C1 [Sutanto, S. J.; Hoffmann, G.; Houweling, S.; Rockmann, T.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmosphere Res Utrecht, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Sutanto, S. J.] Minist Publ Works, Res Ctr Water Resources, Bandung 40135, Indonesia. [Hoffmann, G.] CEA Orme Merisiers, LSCE Orme, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Scheepmaker, R. A.; Houweling, S.; Aben, I.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Worden, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Yoshimura, K.] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. RP Sutanto, SJ (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmosphere Res Utrecht, Princetonpl 5, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. EM s.j.sutanto@uu.nl RI Yoshimura, Kei/F-2041-2010; Rockmann, Thomas/F-4479-2015; OI Yoshimura, Kei/0000-0002-5761-1561; Rockmann, Thomas/0000-0002-6688-8968; Sutanto, Samuel Jonson/0000-0003-4903-6445 FU NWO (the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research) [ALW-GO-AO/10-11]; Netherlands Space Office as part of the User Support Program Space Research [GO-AO/16] FX This study was funded by NWO (the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research) project number ALW-GO-AO/10-11. R. A. Scheepmaker acknowledges funding from the Netherlands Space Office as part of the User Support Program Space Research under project GO-AO/16. We thank M. Schneider for a very insightful and helpful review. NR 82 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 999 EP 1019 DI 10.5194/amt-8-999-2015 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IT UT WOS:000352158300001 ER PT J AU Lednyts'kyy, O von Savigny, C Eichmann, KU Mlynczak, MG AF Lednyts'kyy, O. von Savigny, C. Eichmann, K. -U. Mlynczak, M. G. TI Atomic oxygen retrievals in the MLT region from SCIAMACHY nightglow limb measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY-WAVES; ROCKET OBSERVATIONS; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; GREEN LINE; AIRGLOW EMISSION; SABER EXPERIMENT; O(S-1); DENSITY; MODEL; TEMPERATURE AB Vertical distributions of atomic oxygen concentration ([O]) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region were retrieved from sun-synchronous SCIAMACHY/Envisat (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY on board the Environmental Satellite) limb measurements of the oxygen 557.7 nm green line emission in the terrestrial nightglow. A band pass filter was applied to eliminate contributions from other emissions, the impact of measurement noise and auroral activity. Vertical volume emission rate profiles were retrieved from integrated limb-emission rate profiles under the assumption that each atmospheric layer is horizontally homogeneous and absorption and scattering can be neglected. The radiative transfer problem was solved using regularized total least squares minimization in the inversion procedure. Atomic oxygen concentration profiles were retrieved from data collected for altitudes in the range 85-105 km with approximately 4 km vertical resolution during the time period from August 2002 to April 2012 at approximately 22:00 local time. The retrieval of [O] profiles was based on the generally accepted two-step Barth transfer scheme including consideration of quenching processes and the use of different available sources of temperature and atmospheric density profiles. A sensitivity analysis was performed for the retrieved [O] profiles to estimate maximum uncertainties assuming independent contributions of uncertainty components. Errors in photochemical model parameters depending on temperature uncertainties and random errors of model parameters contribute less than 50% to the overall [O] retrieval error. The retrieved [O] profiles were compared with reference [O] profiles provided by SABER/TIMED (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry instrument on board the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite) or by the NRLMSISE-00 (Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter radar Extended model, year: 2000) and SD-WACCM4 (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with Specified Dynamics, version 4). A comparison of the retrieved [O] profiles with the reference [O] profiles led to the conclusion that the photochemical model taking into account quenching of O(S-1) by O-2, O(P-3), and N-2 and the SABER/TIMED model as a source of temperature and density profiles are the most appropriate choices for our case. The retrieved [O] profile time series exhibits characteristic seasonal variations in agreement with satellite observations based on analysis of OH Meinel band emissions and atmospheric models. A pronounced 11-year solar cycle variation can also be identified in the retrieved atomic oxygen concentration time series. C1 [Lednyts'kyy, O.; von Savigny, C.] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Phys, Greifswald, Germany. [Eichmann, K. -U.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Mlynczak, M. G.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Lednyts'kyy, O (reprint author), Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Phys, Greifswald, Germany. EM olexandr.lednytskyy@uni-greifswald.de RI von Savigny, Christian/B-3910-2014 FU Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald FX This work was partly funded by Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald. SCIAMACHY is jointly funded by Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. SCIAMACHY Level 1 data was kindly provided by the European Space Agency. We are indebted to the SABER team and NASA for making SABER data available. The authors thank Ian C. McDade (York University, Toronto), Stefan Kowalewski (IUP Bremen) and Martin Kaufmann (Forschungszentrum Julich) for helpful discussions. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1021 EP 1041 DI 10.5194/amt-8-1021-2015 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IT UT WOS:000352158300002 ER PT J AU Spuler, SM Repasky, KS Morley, B Moen, D Hayman, M Nehrir, AR AF Spuler, S. M. Repasky, K. S. Morley, B. Moen, D. Hayman, M. Nehrir, A. R. TI Field-deployable diode-laser-based differential absorption lidar (DIAL) for profiling water vapor SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; FUTURE PERFORMANCE; RAMAN LIDAR; TEMPERATURE; BROADENINGS; SYSTEM; REGION; SHIFTS; AERI AB A field-deployable water vapor profiling instrument that builds on the foundation of the preceding generations of diode-laser-based differential absorption lidar (DIAL) laboratory prototypes was constructed and tested. Significant advances are discussed, including a unique shared telescope design that allows expansion of the outgoing beam for eye-safe operation with optomechanical and thermal stability; multistage optical filtering enabling measurement during daytime bright-cloud conditions; rapid spectral switching between the online and offline wavelengths enabling measurements during changing atmospheric conditions; and enhanced performance at lower ranges by the introduction of a new filter design and the addition of a wide field-of-view channel. Performance modeling, testing, and intercomparisons are performed and discussed. In general, the instrument has a 150 m range resolution with a 10 min temporal resolution; 1 min temporal resolution in the lowest 2 km of the atmosphere is demonstrated. The instrument is shown capable of autonomous long-term field operation - 50 days with a > 95% uptime - under a broad set of atmospheric conditions and potentially forms the basis for a ground-based network of eye-safe autonomous instruments needed for the atmospheric sciences research and forecasting communities. C1 [Spuler, S. M.; Morley, B.; Hayman, M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Repasky, K. S.; Moen, D.] Montana State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Nehrir, A. R.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Spuler, SM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM spuler@ucar.edu FU National Science Foundation [1206166] FX The authors affiliated with Montana State University would like to acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation grant number 1206166. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Component manufactures were included to help other researchers reproduce this work but are not meant as an endorsement by the authors. The NCAR authors thank Rich Erickson for technician support and Richard E. Carbone and Tammy M. Weckwerth for helpful discussions pertaining to the atmospheric science applications and internal review of the paper. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1073 EP 1087 DI 10.5194/amt-8-1073-2015 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IT UT WOS:000352158300005 ER PT J AU Kindel, BC Pilewskie, P Schmidt, KS Thornberry, T Rollins, A Bui, T AF Kindel, B. C. Pilewskie, P. Schmidt, K. S. Thornberry, T. Rollins, A. Bui, T. TI Upper-troposphere and lower-stratosphere water vapor retrievals from the 1400 and 1900 nm water vapor bands SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT HALOE; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; AEROSOL; VALIDATION; TRENDS; CIRCULATION; BOULDER; IMPACT; OZONE AB Measuring water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is difficult due to the low mixing ratios found there, typically only a few parts per million. Here we examine near-infrared spectra acquired with the Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) during the first science phase of the NASA Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX). From the 1400 and 1900 nm absorption bands we infer water vapor amounts in the tropical tropopause layer and adjacent regions between altitudes of 14 and 18 km. We compare these measurements to solar transmittance spectra produced with the MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN) radiative transfer model, using in situ water vapor, temperature, and pressure profiles acquired concurrently with the SSFR spectra. Measured and modeled transmittance values agree within 0.002, with some larger differences in the 1900 nm band (up to 0.004). Integrated water vapor amounts along the absorption path lengths of 3 to 6 km varied from 1.26 x 10(-4) to 4.59 x 10(-4) g cm(-2). A 0.002 difference in absorptance at 1367 nm results in a 3.35 x 10(-5) g cm(-2) change of integrated water vapor amounts; 0.004 absorptance change at 1870 nm results in 5.50 x 10(-5) g cm(-2) of water vapor. These are 27% (1367 nm) and 44% (1870 nm) differences at the lowest measured value of water vapor (1.26 x 10(-4) g cm(-2)) and 7% (1367 nm) and 12% (1870 nm) differences at the highest measured value of water vapor (4.59 x 10(-4) g cm(-2)). A potential method for extending this type of measurement from aircraft flight altitude to the top of the atmosphere is discussed. C1 [Kindel, B. C.; Pilewskie, P.; Schmidt, K. S.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pilewskie, P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Thornberry, T.; Rollins, A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Thornberry, T.; Rollins, A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bui, T.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Kindel, BC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kindel@lasp.colorado.edu RI Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI THORNBERRY, TROY/0000-0001-7478-1944 FU NASA [NNX10AO84A] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the SSFR instrument during ATTREX by Warren Gore and Tony Trias of NASA Ames Research Center. We also thank David Fahey of NOAA for his encouragement in investigating atmospheric water vapor with solar spectral irradiance during ATTREX and Gail Anderson for advice on the role of water vapor continuum absorption in the shortwave. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the expert review by two anonymous referees. This work was supported by NASA award NNX10AO84A. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1147 EP 1156 DI 10.5194/amt-8-1147-2015 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IT UT WOS:000352158300010 ER PT J AU Li, S Kahn, R Chin, M Garay, MJ Liu, Y AF Li, S. Kahn, R. Chin, M. Garay, M. J. Liu, Y. TI Improving satellite-retrieved aerosol microphysical properties using GOCART data SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MULTIANGLE IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; MATTER COMPONENT CONCENTRATIONS; SUN PHOTOMETER MEASUREMENTS; REMOTE-SENSING OBSERVATIONS; OPTICAL DEPTH; AIR-QUALITY; GLOBAL-MODEL; AERONET MEASUREMENTS; ANGSTROM EXPONENT; UNITED-STATES AB The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) aboard the NASA Earth Observing System's Terra satellite can provide more reliable aerosol optical depth (AOD) and better constraints on particle size (Angstrom exponent, or ANG), sphericity, and single-scattering albedo (SSA) than many other satellite instruments. However, many aerosol mixtures pass the algorithm acceptance criteria, yielding a poor constraint, when the particle-type information in the MISR radiances is low, typically at low AOD. We investigate adding value to the MISR aerosol product under these conditions by filtering the list of MISR-retrieved mixtures based on agreement between the mixture ANG and absorbing AOD (AAOD) values, and simulated aerosol properties from the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model. MISR-GOCART ANG difference and AAOD ratio thresholds for applying GOCART constraints were determined based on coincident AOD, ANG, and AAOD measurements from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET). The results were validated by comparing the adjusted MISR aerosol optical properties over the contiguous USA between 2006 and 2009 with additional AERONET data. The correlation coefficient (r) between the adjusted MISR ANG derived from this study and AERONET improves to 0.45, compared to 0.29 for the MISR Version 22 standard product. The ratio of the adjusted MISR AAOD to AERONET increases to 0.74, compared to 0.5 for the MISR operational retrieval. These improvements occur primarily when AOD < 0.2 for ANG and AOD < 0.5 for AAOD. Spatial and temporal differences among the aerosol optical properties of MISR V22, GOCART, and the adjusted MISR are traced to (1) GOCART underestimation of AOD and ANG in polluted regions; (2) aerosol mixtures lacking in the MISR Version 22 algorithm climatology; (3) low MISR sensitivity to particle type under some conditions; and (4) parameters and thresholds used in our method. C1 [Li, S.; Liu, Y.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kahn, R.; Chin, M.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Garay, M. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM yang.liu@emory.edu RI Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012 FU NASA Applied Sciences Program [NNX11AI53G]; NASA's Climate and Radiation Research and Analysis Program; JPL, California Institute of Technology [1363692]; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program; EOS-MISR project; NASA's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program; Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program FX We thank the AERONET principal investigators (PI) and their staff for establishing and maintaining the AERONET sites used in this investigation, and our colleagues on the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)'s MISR instrument team and at the NASA Langley Research Center's Atmospheric Sciences Data Center for their roles in producing the MISR data sets (available at http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov). The work of S. Li and Y. Liu is partially supported by the MISR science team at the JPL, California Institute of Technology, led by D. Diner (subcontract 1363692), and by the NASA Applied Sciences Program, managed by J. Haynes (grant no. NNX11AI53G, PI: Y. Liu). Portions of this work were carried out at the JPL under a contract with NASA. The work of R. Kahn is supported in part by NASA's Climate and Radiation Research and Analysis Program, under H. Maring; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program, under R. Eckman; and the EOS-MISR project. The work of M. Chin and the GOCART model is supported in part by NASA's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program and Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1157 EP 1171 DI 10.5194/amt-8-1157-2015 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IT UT WOS:000352158300011 ER PT J AU Norouzi, H Temimi, M Prigent, C Turk, J Khanbilvardi, R Tian, Y Furuzawa, FA Masunaga, H AF Norouzi, H. Temimi, M. Prigent, C. Turk, J. Khanbilvardi, R. Tian, Y. Furuzawa, F. A. Masunaga, H. TI Assessment of the consistency among global microwave land surface emissivity products SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE; AMSR-E; TEMPERATURE; ASSIMILATION; SENSITIVITY; RETRIEVALS; VEGETATION AB The goal of this work is to intercompare four global land surface emissivity products over various land-cover conditions to assess their consistency. The intercompared land emissivity products were generated over a 5-year period (2003-2007) using observations from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), and WindSat. First, all products were reprocessed in the same projection and spatial resolution as they were generated from sensors with various configurations. Then, the mean value and standard deviations of monthly emissivity values were calculated for each product to assess the spatial distribution of the consistencies/inconsistencies among the products across the globe. The emissivity products were also compared to soil moisture estimates and a satellite-based vegetation index to assess their sensitivities to changes in land surface conditions. Results show the existence of systematic differences among the products. Also, it was noticed that emissivity values in each product have similar frequency dependency over different land-cover types. Monthly means of emissivity values from AMSR-E in the vertical and horizontal polarizations seem to be systematically lower than the rest of the products across various land-cover conditions which may be attributed to the 01:30/13:30 LT overpass time of the sensor and possibly a residual skin temperature effect in the product. The standard deviation of the analyzed products was lowest (less than 0.01) in rain forest regions for all products and highest at northern latitudes, above 0.04 for AMSR-E and SSM/I and around 0.03 for WindSat. Despite differences in absolute emissivity estimates, all products were similarly sensitive to changes in soil moisture and vegetation. The correlation between the emissivity polarization differences and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values showed similar spatial distribution across the products, with values close to the unit except over densely vegetated and desert areas. C1 [Norouzi, H.] New York City Coll Technol, Dept Construct Management & Civil Engn Technol, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Temimi, M.; Khanbilvardi, R.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Temimi, M.] Inst Ctr Water & Environm iWater, Masdar Inst Sci & Technol, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Prigent, C.] CNRS, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys & Atmosp, Paris, France. [Turk, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tian, Y.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tian, Y.] NASAs Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Furuzawa, F. A.; Masunaga, H.] Nagoya Univ, Hydrospher Atmospher Res Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Norouzi, H (reprint author), New York City Coll Technol, Dept Construct Management & Civil Engn Technol, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM hnorouzi@citytech.cuny.edu RI Masunaga, Hirohiko/C-2488-2008; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; PMM, JAXA/K-8537-2016; OI Masunaga, Hirohiko/0000-0002-6336-5002; Norouzi, Hamid/0000-0003-0405-5108 FU NOAA, Office of Education Educational Partnership Program [NA11SEC4810004] FX This publication was made possible by NOAA, Office of Education Educational Partnership Program award NA11SEC4810004. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the award recipient and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US Department of Commerce, NOAA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1197 EP 1205 DI 10.5194/amt-8-1197-2015 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IT UT WOS:000352158300014 ER PT J AU Guanter, L Aben, I Tol, P Krijger, JM Hollstein, A Kohler, P Damm, A Joiner, J Frankenberg, C Landgraf, J AF Guanter, L. Aben, I. Tol, P. Krijger, J. M. Hollstein, A. Koehler, P. Damm, A. Joiner, J. Frankenberg, C. Landgraf, J. TI Potential of the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor for the monitoring of terrestrial chlorophyll fluorescence SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE SPECTROSCOPY DATA; ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX; SUN-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; DIFFERENCE WATER INDEX; GREEN LAI; RETRIEVAL; SPACE; CANOPY; LEAF; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Global monitoring of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is improving our knowledge about the photosynthetic functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. The feasibility of SIF retrievals from spaceborne atmospheric spectrometers has been demonstrated by a number of studies in the last years. In this work, we investigate the potential of the upcoming TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite mission for SIF retrieval. TROPOMI will sample the 675-775 nm spectral window with a spectral resolution of 0.5 nm and a pixel size of 7 km x 7 km. We use an extensive set of simulated TROPOMI data in order to assess the uncertainty of single SIF retrievals and subsequent spatio-temporal composites. Our results illustrate the enormous improvement in SIF monitoring achievable with TROPOMI with respect to comparable spectrometers currently in-flight, such as the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument. We find that TROPOMI can reduce global uncertainties in SIF mapping by more than a factor of 2 with respect to GOME-2, which comes together with an approximately 5-fold improvement in spatial sampling. Finally, we discuss the potential of TROPOMI to map other important vegetation parameters at a global scale with moderate spatial resolution and short revisit time. Those include leaf photosynthetic pigments and proxies for canopy structure, which will complement SIF retrievals for a self-contained description of vegetation condition and functioning. C1 [Guanter, L.; Hollstein, A.; Koehler, P.] Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, German Res Ctr Geosci GFZ, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Aben, I.; Tol, P.; Krijger, J. M.; Landgraf, J.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Damm, A.] Univ Zurich, Remote Sensing Labs, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Joiner, J.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Frankenberg, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Guanter, L (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, German Res Ctr Geosci GFZ, Telegrafenberg A17, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM guanter@gfz-potsdam.de RI Damm, Alexander/D-1160-2010; Guanter, Luis/I-1588-2015; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Guanter, Luis/0000-0002-8389-5764; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU Emmy Noether Programme of the German Research Foundation [GU 1276/1-1] FX This research has been funded by the Emmy Noether Programme of the German Research Foundation (GU 1276/1-1). Jochem Verrelst and Luis Alonso from the University of Valencia are thanked for the reflectance and fluorescence simulations produced in the framework of the ESA FLUSS project. We would also like to thank the Editor and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1337 EP 1352 DI 10.5194/amt-8-1337-2015 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IT UT WOS:000352158300024 ER PT J AU LeBlanc, SE Pilewskie, P Schmidt, KS Coddington, O AF LeBlanc, S. E. Pilewskie, P. Schmidt, K. S. Coddington, O. TI A spectral method for discriminating thermodynamic phase and retrieving cloud optical thickness and effective radius using transmitted solar radiance spectra SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE PARTICLE RADIUS; LIQUID WATER CLOUDS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SATELLITE DATA; SURFACE; ICE; ALGORITHMS; ABSORPTION; ALBEDO; ATMOSPHERE AB A new retrieval scheme for cloud optical thickness, effective radius, and thermodynamic phase was developed for ground-based measurements of cloud shortwave solar spectral transmittance. Fifteen parameters were derived to quantify spectral variations in shortwave transmittance due to absorption and scattering of liquid water and ice clouds, manifested by shifts in spectral slopes, curvatures, maxima, and minima. To retrieve cloud optical thickness and effective particle radius, a weighted least square fit that matched the modeled parameters was applied. The measurements for this analysis were made with the ground-based Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer in Boulder, Colorado, between May 2012 and January 2013. We compared the cloud optical thickness and effective radius from the new retrieval to two other retrieval methods. By using multiple spectral features, we find a closer fit (with a root mean square difference over the entire spectra of 3.1% for a liquid water cloud and 5.9% for an ice cloud) between measured and modeled spectra compared to two other retrieval methods which diverge by a root mean square of up to 6.4% for a liquid water cloud and 22.5% for an ice cloud. The new retrieval introduced here has an average uncertainty in effective radius (+/- 1.2 mu m) smaller by factor of at least 2.5 than two other methods when applied to an ice cloud. C1 [LeBlanc, S. E.; Pilewskie, P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [LeBlanc, S. E.; Pilewskie, P.; Schmidt, K. S.; Coddington, O.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP LeBlanc, SE (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM samuel.leblanc@nasa.gov RI Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/C-1258-2013; Coddington, Odele/F-6342-2012 OI SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/0000-0003-3899-228X; Coddington, Odele/0000-0002-4338-7028 FU NOAA [NA09OAR4310127]; NASA [NNX11AE71G, NNX11AK67G] FX This work was supported by NOAA award NA09OAR4310127 and NASA awards NNX11AE71G and NNX11AK67G. We thank Warren Gore from NASA Ames for the use of the SSFR instrument. The MODIS MCD43B3 surface albedo data were obtained through the online data pool at the NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), USGS/Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/get_data/). NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1361 EP 1383 DI 10.5194/amt-8-1361-2015 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IT UT WOS:000352158300026 ER PT J AU Lacour, JL Clarisse, L Worden, J Schneider, M Barthlott, S Hase, F Risi, C Clerbaux, C Hurtmans, D Coheur, PF AF Lacour, J. -L. Clarisse, L. Worden, J. Schneider, M. Barthlott, S. Hase, F. Risi, C. Clerbaux, C. Hurtmans, D. Coheur, P. -F. TI Cross-validation of IASI/MetOp derived tropospheric delta D with TES and ground-based FTIR observations SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; WATER-VAPOR; EMISSION SPECTROMETER; HDO/H2O; PROFILES; RETRIEVALS; RESOLUTION; H2O; SIMULATIONS; SATELLITE AB The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) flying onboard MetOpA and MetOpB is able to capture fine isotopic variations of the HDO to H2O ratio (delta D) in the troposphere. Such observations at the high spatio-temporal resolution of the sounder are of great interest to improve our understanding of the mechanisms controlling humidity in the troposphere. In this study we aim to empirically assess the validity of our error estimation previously evaluated theoretically. To achieve this, we compare IASI delta D retrieved profiles with other available profiles of delta D, from the TES infrared sounder onboard AURA and from three ground-based FTIR stations produced within the MUSICA project: the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) sites Kiruna and Izana, and the TCCON site Karlsruhe, which in addition to near-infrared TCCON spectra also records mid-infrared spectra. We describe the achievable level of agreement between the different retrievals and show that these theoretical errors are in good agreement with empirical differences. The comparisons are made at different locations from tropical to Arctic latitudes, above sea and above land. Generally IASI and TES are similarly sensitive to delta D in the free troposphere which allows one to compare their measurements directly. At tropical latitudes where IASI's sensitivity is lower than that of TES, we show that the agreement improves when taking into account the sensitivity of IASI in the TES retrieval. For the comparison IASI-FTIR only direct comparisons are performed because the sensitivity profiles of the two observing systems do not allow to take into account their differences of sensitivity. We identify a quasi negligible bias in the free troposphere (-3 parts per thousand) between IASI retrieved delta D with the TES, which are bias corrected, but important with the ground-based FTIR reaching -47 parts per thousand. We also suggest that model-satellite observation comparisons could be optimized with IASI thanks to its high spatial and temporal sampling. C1 [Lacour, J. -L.; Clarisse, L.; Clerbaux, C.; Hurtmans, D.; Coheur, P. -F.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Spect Atmosphere, Brussels, Belgium. [Worden, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Schneider, M.; Barthlott, S.; Hase, F.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK ASF, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Risi, C.] Univ Paris 06, LMD IPSL, CNRS INSU UMR8539, Paris, France. [Clerbaux, C.] Univ Paris 06, Paris, France. [Clerbaux, C.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. RP Lacour, JL (reprint author), Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Spect Atmosphere, Brussels, Belgium. EM jlacour@ulb.ac.be RI Barthlott, Sabine/B-1439-2013; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; Schneider, Matthias/B-1441-2013; OI Barthlott, Sabine/0000-0003-0258-9421; Lacour, Jean-Lionel/0000-0003-3642-7439 FU F.R.S.-FNRS; Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs [4000111403 IASI.FLOW]; CNES; European Research Council under the European Community [256961] FX IASI has been developed and built under the responsibility of the "Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales" (CNES, France). It is flown onboard the MetOp satellites as part of the EUMETSAT Polar System. The IASI L1 data are received through the EUMETCast near real-time data distribution service. The research in Belgium was funded by the F.R.S.-FNRS, the Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs (Prodex arrangement 4000111403 IASI.FLOW). L. Clarisse and P.-F. Coheur are respectively Research Associate (Chercheur Qualifie) and Senior Research Associate (Maitre de Recherches) with F.R.S.-FNRS. C. Clerbaux is grateful to CNES for scientific collaboration and financial support. The ground-based FTIR retrievals have been performed in the framework of the project MUSICA, which is funded by the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant agreement number 256961. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1447 EP 1466 DI 10.5194/amt-8-1447-2015 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IT UT WOS:000352158300030 ER PT J AU Su, W Corbett, J Eitzen, Z Liang, L AF Su, W. Corbett, J. Eitzen, Z. Liang, L. TI Next-generation angular distribution models for top-of-atmosphere radiative flux calculation from CERES instruments: methodology (vol 8, pg 611, 2015) SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Correction AB No abstract available. C1 [Su, W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Corbett, J.; Eitzen, Z.; Liang, L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Su, W (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS420, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM wenying.su-1@nasa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1467 EP 1467 DI 10.5194/amt-8-1467-2015 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IT UT WOS:000352158300031 ER PT J AU Knobelspiesse, K van Diedenhoven, B Marshak, A Dunagan, S Holben, B Slutsker, I AF Knobelspiesse, K. van Diedenhoven, B. Marshak, A. Dunagan, S. Holben, B. Slutsker, I. TI Cloud thermodynamic phase detection with polarimetrically sensitive passive sky radiometers SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SCATTERING PROPERTIES; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; MULTIDIRECTIONAL POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS; ICE CRYSTALS; PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; 22-DEGREES HALO; REMOTE SENSORS; LIGHT; RETRIEVAL AB The primary goal of this project has been to investigate if ground-based visible and near-infrared passive radiometers that have polarization sensitivity can determine the thermodynamic phase of overlying clouds, i.e., if they are comprised of liquid droplets or ice particles. While this knowledge is important by itself for our understanding of the global climate, it can also help improve cloud property retrieval algorithms that use total (unpolarized) radiance to determine cloud optical depth (COD). This is a potentially unexploited capability of some instruments in the NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), which, if practical, could expand the products of that global instrument network at minimal additional cost. We performed simulations that found, for zenith observations, that cloud thermodynamic phase is often expressed in the sign of the Q component of the Stokes polarization vector. We chose our reference frame as the plane containing solar and observation vectors, so the sign of Q indicates the polarization direction, parallel (positive) or perpendicular (parallel) to that plane. Since the fraction of linearly polarized to total light is inversely proportional to COD, optically thin clouds are most likely to create a signal greater than instrument noise. Besides COD and instrument accuracy, other important factors for the determination of cloud thermodynamic phase are the solar and observation geometry (scattering angles between 40 and 60A degrees are best), and the properties of ice particles (pristine particles may have halos or other features that make them difficult to distinguish from water droplets at specific scattering angles, while extreme ice crystal aspect ratios polarize more than compact particles). We tested the conclusions of our simulations using data from polarimetrically sensitive versions of the Cimel 318 sun photometer/radiometer that compose a portion of AERONET. Most algorithms that exploit Cimel polarized observations use the degree of linear polarization (DoLP), not the individual Stokes vector elements (such as Q). Ability to determine cloud thermodynamic phase depends on Q measurement accuracy, which has not been rigorously assessed for Cimel instruments. For this reason, we did not know if cloud phase could be determined from Cimel observations successfully. Indeed, comparisons to ceilometer observations with a single polarized spectral channel version of the Cimel at a site in the Netherlands showed little correlation. Comparisons to lidar observations with a more recently developed, multi-wavelength polarized Cimel in Maryland, USA, show more promise. The lack of well-characterized observations has prompted us to begin the development of a small test instrument called the Sky Polarization Radiometric Instrument for Test and Evaluation (SPRITE). This instrument is specifically devoted to the accurate observation of Q, and the testing of calibration and uncertainty assessment techniques, with the ultimate goal of understanding the practical feasibility of these measurements. C1 [Knobelspiesse, K.; Dunagan, S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [van Diedenhoven, B.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Marshak, A.; Holben, B.; Slutsker, I.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [van Diedenhoven, B.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Slutsker, I.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA. RP Knobelspiesse, K (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM kirk.knobelspiesse@nasa.gov RI Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012; Knobelspiesse, Kirk/S-5902-2016; OI Knobelspiesse, Kirk/0000-0001-5986-1751; van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan/0000-0001-5622-8619 FU Science Innovation Fund (SIF) grants at NASA Ames Research Center; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA Earth Observing System and Radiation Sciences Program FX This research was supported by Science Innovation Fund (SIF) grants at NASA Ames Research Center (K. Knobelspiesse, S. Dunagan, B. van Diedenhoven) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (A. Marshak, B. Holben). Thanks to to John Livingston for his help finding validation data and to members of the NASA Ames Sunphotometer-Satellite Team for informally reviewing this manuscript. LD-40 data from the CESAR site, and radiosonde data from De Bilt, are provided courtesy of the Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI). Radiosonde data from Sterling, Virginia, are from the National Weather Service. We thank the members of the AERONET team at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for providing instrument calibration, data processing, and field measurement support. The NASA MPLNET is funded by the NASA Earth Observing System and Radiation Sciences Program. We thank the MPLNET PI Judd Welton and MPLNET on-site staff member Sebastian Stewart for their efforts in establishing and maintaining the Goddard Space Flight Center site. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1537 EP 1554 DI 10.5194/amt-8-1537-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IT UT WOS:000352158300035 ER PT J AU Dolan, AM Hunter, SJ Hill, DJ Haywood, AM Koenig, SJ Otto-Bliesner, BL Abe-Ouchi, A Bragg, F Chan, WL Chandler, MA Contoux, C Jost, A Kamae, Y Lohmann, G Lunt, DJ Ramstein, G Rosenbloom, NA Sohl, L Stepanek, C Ueda, H Yan, Q Zhang, Z AF Dolan, A. M. Hunter, S. J. Hill, D. J. Haywood, A. M. Koenig, S. J. Otto-Bliesner, B. L. Abe-Ouchi, A. Bragg, F. Chan, W. -L. Chandler, M. A. Contoux, C. Jost, A. Kamae, Y. Lohmann, G. Lunt, D. J. Ramstein, G. Rosenbloom, N. A. Sohl, L. Stepanek, C. Ueda, H. Yan, Q. Zhang, Z. TI Using results from the PlioMIP ensemble to investigate the Greenland Ice Sheet during the mid-Pliocene Warm Period SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; LAST INTERGLACIATION; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SPECTRAL ALBEDO; COUPLED MODEL AB During an interval of the Late Pliocene, referred to here as the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP; 3.264 to 3.025 million years ago), global mean temperature was similar to that predicted for the end of this century, and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were higher than pre-industrial levels. Sea level was also higher than today, implying a significant reduction in the extent of the ice sheets. Thus, the mPWP provides a natural laboratory in which to investigate the long-term response of the Earth's ice sheets and sea level in a warmer-than-present-day world. At present, our understanding of the Greenland ice sheet during the mPWP is generally based upon predictions using single climate and ice sheet models. Therefore, it is essential that the model dependency of these results is assessed. The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) has brought together nine international modelling groups to simulate the warm climate of the Pliocene. Here we use the climatological fields derived from the results of the 15 PlioMIP climate models to force an offline ice sheet model. We show that mPWP ice sheet reconstructions are highly dependent upon the forcing climatology used, with Greenland reconstructions ranging from an ice-free state to a near-modern ice sheet. An analysis of the surface albedo variability between the climate models over Greenland offers insights into the drivers of inter-model differences. As we demonstrate that the climate model dependency of our results is high, we highlight the necessity of data-based constraints of ice extent in developing our understanding of the mPWP Greenland ice sheet. C1 [Dolan, A. M.; Hunter, S. J.; Hill, D. J.; Haywood, A. M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Hill, D. J.] British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. [Koenig, S. J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Otto-Bliesner, B. L.; Rosenbloom, N. A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Abe-Ouchi, A.; Chan, W. -L.] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Abe-Ouchi, A.] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Bragg, F.; Lunt, D. J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Chandler, M. A.; Sohl, L.] Columbia Univ, NASA GISS, New York, NY USA. [Contoux, C.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, CEREGE UM34, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France. [Jost, A.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, UMR 7619, F-75005 Paris, France. [Kamae, Y.; Ueda, H.] Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Lohmann, G.; Stepanek, C.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Ramstein, G.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Saclay, France. [Yan, Q.; Zhang, Z.] Uni Res Climate, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Zhang, Z.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Dolan, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Earth & Environm Bldg, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM a.m.dolan@leeds.ac.uk RI Kamae, Youichi/L-6694-2013; Yan, Qing/C-5413-2013; Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Ramstein, Gilles/L-3328-2014; Zhang, Zhongshi/L-2891-2013; Bragg, Fran/C-6198-2015; OI Kamae, Youichi/0000-0003-0461-5718; Yan, Qing/0000-0001-5299-7824; Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; Ramstein, Gilles/0000-0002-1522-917X; Zhang, Zhongshi/0000-0002-2354-1622; Bragg, Fran/0000-0002-8179-4214; Hill, Daniel/0000-0001-5492-3925; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/0000-0003-1745-5952; Dolan, Aisling/0000-0002-9585-9648 FU European Research Council under the European Union [278636]; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); Leverhulme Trust; National Centre for Atmospheric Science; British Geological Survey; US National Science Foundation [ATM-0513402, AGS-1203910, OCE-1202632]; NERC [NE/H006273/1]; Helmholtz research programme PACES; Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM; Helmholtz Graduate School for Polar and Marine Research; REKLIM; NSF [ATM0323516]; NASA [NNX10AU63A]; US National Science Foundation (NSF); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Statoil, Norway; [NSF-EAR-1237211] FX A. M. Dolan, S. J. Hunter and A. M. Haywood acknowledge that the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 278636. A. M. Dolan also acknowledges the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) for the receipt of a doctoral training grant. D. J. Hill acknowledges the Leverhulme Trust for the award of an Early Career Fellowship and the National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the British Geological Survey for financial support. S. J. Koenig was supported by the US National Science Foundation under the awards ATM-0513402, AGS-1203910 and OCE-1202632. D. J. Lunt and F. Bragg acknowledge NERC grant NE/H006273/1. The HadCM3 simulations were carried out using the computational facilities of the Advanced Computing Research Centre, University of Bristol (http://www.bris.ac.uk/acrc/). G. Lohmann received funding through the Helmholtz research programme PACES and the Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM. C. Stepanek acknowledges financial support from the Helmholtz Graduate School for Polar and Marine Research and from REKLIM. Funding for L. Sohl and M. A. Chandler provided by NSF Grant ATM0323516 and NASA Grant NNX10AU63A. B. L. Otto-Bliesner and N. A. Rosenbloom recognise that NCAR is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation (NSF); this work was also supported through grant NSF-EAR-1237211, and computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL), sponsored by the NSF and other agencies. W.-L. Chan and A. Abe-Ouchi would like to thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for financial support and R. Ohgaito for advice on setting up the MIROC4m experiments on the Earth Simulator, JAMSTEC. The source code of the MRI-CGCM2.3 model was provided by S. Yukimoto, O. Arakawa and A. Kitoh of the Meteorological Research Institute, Japan. Z. Zhang acknowledges that the development of NorESM-L was supported by the Earth System Modelling (ESM) project funded by Statoil, Norway. We also thank Richard Hindmarsh of the British Antarctic Survey for the use of BASISM. NR 125 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2015 VL 11 IS 3 BP 403 EP 424 DI 10.5194/cp-11-403-2015 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9JJ UT WOS:000352159900004 ER PT J AU Aydemir, U Zevalkink, A Ormeci, A Wang, H Ohno, S Bux, S Snyder, GJ AF Aydemir, Umut Zevalkink, Alex Ormeci, Alim Wang, Heng Ohno, Saneyuki Bux, Sabah Snyder, G. Jeffrey TI Thermoelectric properties of the Zintl phases Yb5M2Sb6 (M = Al, Ga, In) SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON LOCALIZATION FUNCTION; POWER-GENERATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MIXED-VALENT; CHAIN ANIONS; REPRESENTATION; EFFICIENCY; CA5IN2SB6; CHEMISTRY; CA5AL2SB6 AB Zintl compounds with chemical formula Yb5M2Sb6 (M = Al, Ga, and In) form one of two known A(5)M(2)Pn(6) structure types characterized by double chains of corner-linked MPn(4) tetrahedra bridged by Pn(2) dumb-bells. High temperature electronic and thermal transport measurements were used to characterize the thermoelectric properties of Yb5M2Sb6 compounds. All samples were found to exhibit similar high p-type carrier concentrations, low resistivity and low Seebeck coefficients in agreement with the band structure calculations. These results, combined with previous studies, suggest that Yb5M2Sb6 compounds are semi-metals (i.e., they lack an energy gap between the valence and conduction bands), in contrast to the semi-conducting alkaline earth (Ca, Sr, Ba) and Eu based A(5)M(2)Sb(6) compounds. Yb5M2Sb6 compounds have very low lattice thermal conductivity, comparable to other closely related A(5)M(2)Sb(6) and A(3)MSb(3) phases. However, due to the semimetallic behaviour, the figure of merit of investigated samples remains low (zT < 0.15). C1 [Aydemir, Umut; Wang, Heng; Ohno, Saneyuki; Snyder, G. Jeffrey] CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys & Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zevalkink, Alex; Bux, Sabah] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Thermal Energy Convers Technol Grp, Pasadena, CA USA. [Ormeci, Alim] Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, Dresden, Germany. RP Aydemir, U (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys & Mat Sci, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM uaydemir@caltech.edu RI Snyder, G/I-2263-2015; Snyder, G. Jeffrey/E-4453-2011; Aydemir, Umut/P-8424-2015; Wang, Heng/O-5418-2014; Ormeci, Alim/F-1082-2012 OI Snyder, G. Jeffrey/0000-0003-1414-8682; Aydemir, Umut/0000-0003-1164-1973; Ormeci, Alim/0000-0001-5468-3378 FU Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey; NASA Science Missions Directorate's Radioisotope Power Systems Technology Advancement Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX U. A. greatly acknowledges the financial assistance of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. This research was partially carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and was supported by the NASA Science Missions Directorate's Radioisotope Power Systems Technology Advancement Program. A. O. thanks Ulrike Nitzsche from IFW Dresden, Germany for technical help in computational work. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 EI 1477-9234 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2015 VL 44 IS 15 BP 6767 EP 6774 DI 10.1039/c4dt03773a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA CF0YY UT WOS:000352271900012 PM 25670617 ER PT J AU Ullman, DJ Carlson, AE LeGrande, AN Anslow, FS Moore, AK Caffee, M Syverson, KM Licciardi, JM AF Ullman, David J. Carlson, Anders E. LeGrande, Allegra N. Anslow, Faron S. Moore, Angus K. Caffee, Marc Syverson, Kent M. Licciardi, Joseph M. TI Southern Laurentide ice-sheet retreat synchronous with rising boreal summer insolation SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEGLACIATION; WISCONSIN; TEMPERATURE; DEPOSITS; CO2; USA; YR AB Establishing the precise timing for the onset of ice-sheet retreat at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is critical for delineating mechanisms that drive deglaciations. Uncertainties in the timing of ice-margin retreat and global ice-volume change allow a variety of plausible deglaciation triggers. Using boulder Be-10 surface exposure ages, we date initial southern Laurentide ice-sheet (LIS) retreat from LGM moraines in Wisconsin (USA) to 23.0 +/- 0.6 ka, coincident with retreat elsewhere along the southern LIS and synchronous with the initial rise in boreal summer insolation 24-23 ka. We show with climate-surface mass balance simulations that this small increase in boreal summer insolation alone is potentially sufficient to drive enhanced southern LIS surface ablation. We also date increased southern LIS retreat after ca. 20.5 ka likely driven by an acceleration in rising isolation. This near-instantaneous southern LIS response to boreal summer insolation before any rise in atmospheric CO 2 supports the Milankovic hypothesis of orbital forcing of deglaciations. C1 [Ullman, David J.; Carlson, Anders E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ullman, David J.; Carlson, Anders E.; Moore, Angus K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [LeGrande, Allegra N.] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [LeGrande, Allegra N.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Anslow, Faron S.] Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Moore, Angus K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Caffee, Marc] Purdue Univ, Purdue Rare Isotope Measurement PRIME Lab, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Syverson, Kent M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol, Eau Claire, WI 54701 USA. [Licciardi, Joseph M.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Ullman, DJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dullman@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [BCS-1102801, AGS-0753660, AGS-0753868]; Geological Society of America; PRIME Lab FX We thank K. Winsor, J. Hoffman, A. Reyes, S. Peters, L. Xu, and K. Arnold for assistance in the field, and J. Attig, D. Mickelson, E. Carson, and B. Curry for valuable suggestions on selection of field sites and discussion of results. This manuscript was significantly improved by reviews from J. Smith, L. Tarasov, and two anonymous reviewers. Research was funded by U.S. National Science Foundation awards BCS-1102801 (Carlson and Ullman), AGS-0753660 (Carlson), and AGS-0753868 (LeGrande), the Geological Society of America (Ullman), and PRIME Lab (Carlson and Ullman). NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 15 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2015 VL 43 IS 1 BP 23 EP 26 DI 10.1130/G36179.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA CE7KO UT WOS:000352018600009 ER PT J AU Honkonen, I AF Honkonen, I. TI A generic simulation cell method for developing extensible, efficient and readable parallel computational models SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID FLUID-DYNAMICS; FRAMEWORK AB I present a method for developing extensible and modular computational models without sacrificing serial or parallel performance or source code readability. By using a generic simulation cell method I show that it is possible to combine several distinct computational models to run in the same computational grid without requiring modification of existing code. This is an advantage for the development and testing of, e.g., geoscientific software as each submodel can be developed and tested independently and subsequently used without modification in a more complex coupled program. An implementation of the generic simulation cell method presented here, generic simulation cell class (gensimcell), also includes support for parallel programming by allowing model developers to select which simulation variables of, e.g., a domain-decomposed model to transfer between processes via a Message Passing Interface (MPI) library. This allows the communication strategy of a program to be formalized by explicitly stating which variables must be transferred between processes for the correct functionality of each submodel and the entire program. The generic simulation cell class requires a C++ compiler that supports a version of the language standardized in 2011 (C++11). The code is available at https://github.com/nasailja/gensimcellfor everyone to use, study, modify and redistribute; those who do are kindly requested to acknowledge and cite this work. C1 [Honkonen, I.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Honkonen, I.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Earth Observat, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. RP Honkonen, I (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ilja.j.honkonen@nasa.gov FU NASA FX The author gratefully acknowledges Alex Glocer for insightful discussions and the NASA Postdoctoral Program for financial support. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 473 EP 483 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-473-2015 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CE9JM UT WOS:000352160200002 ER PT J AU Long, MS Yantosca, R Nielsen, JE Keller, CA da Silva, A Sulprizio, MP Pawson, S Jacob, DJ AF Long, M. S. Yantosca, R. Nielsen, J. E. Keller, C. A. da Silva, A. Sulprizio, M. P. Pawson, S. Jacob, D. J. TI Development of a grid-independent GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (v9-02) as an atmospheric chemistry module for Earth system models SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ASSIMILATED METEOROLOGY; IMPLEMENTATION; SIMULATION; SENSITIVITY; EMISSIONS; OXIDATION; FRAMEWORK; COMPONENT; AEROSOLS AB The GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model (CTM), used by a large atmospheric chemistry research community, has been re-engineered to also serve as an atmospheric chemistry module for Earth system models (ESMs). This was done using an Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF) interface that operates independently of the GEOS-Chem scientific code, permitting the exact same GEOS-Chem code to be used as an ESM module or as a stand-alone CTM. In this manner, the continual stream of updates contributed by the CTM user community is automatically passed on to the ESM module, which remains state of science and referenced to the latest version of the standard GEOS-Chem CTM. A major step in this re-engineering was to make GEOS-Chem grid independent, i.e., capable of using any geophysical grid specified at run time. GEOS-Chem data sockets were also created for communication between modules and with external ESM code. The grid-independent, ESMF-compatible GEOS-Chem is now the standard version of the GEOS-Chem CTM. It has been implemented as an atmospheric chemistry module into the NASA GEOS-5 ESM. The coupled GEOS-5-GEOS-Chem system was tested for scalability and performance with a tropospheric oxidant-aerosol simulation (120 coupled species, 66 transported tracers) using 48-240 cores and message-passing interface (MPI) distributed-memory parallelization. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the GEOS-Chem chemistry module scales efficiently for the number of cores tested, with no degradation as the number of cores increases. Although inclusion of atmospheric chemistry in ESMs is computationally expensive, the excellent scalability of the chemistry module means that the relative cost goes down with increasing number of cores in a massively parallel environment. C1 [Long, M. S.; Yantosca, R.; Keller, C. A.; Sulprizio, M. P.; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Nielsen, J. E.; da Silva, A.; Pawson, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nielsen, J. E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Long, MS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mlong@seas.harvard.edu RI Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Yantosca, Robert/F-7920-2014 OI Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870 FU NASA FX This work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) Program. The authors thank Ben Auer (NASA-GMAO) and Jack Yatteau (Harvard University) for technical assistance. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 595 EP 602 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-595-2015 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CE9JM UT WOS:000352160200008 ER PT J AU Gantt, B Johnson, MS Crippa, M Prevot, ASH Meskhidze, N AF Gantt, B. Johnson, M. S. Crippa, M. Prevot, A. S. H. Meskhidze, N. TI Implementing marine organic aerosols into the GEOS-Chem model SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SEA-SPRAY AEROSOL; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; MATTER ENRICHMENT; DRY DEPOSITION; ARCTIC-OCEAN; EMISSIONS; ISOPRENE; PARAMETERIZATION; PARTICLES AB Marine-sourced organic aerosols (MOAs) have been shown to play an important role in tropospheric chemistry by impacting surface mass, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice nuclei concentrations over remote marine and coastal regions. In this work, an online marine primary organic aerosol emission parameterization, designed to be used for both global and regional models, was implemented into the GEOS-Chem (Global Earth Observing System Chemistry) model. The implemented emission scheme improved the large underprediction of organic aerosol concentrations in clean marine regions (normalized mean bias decreases from -79% when using the default settings to -12% when marine organic aerosols are added). Model predictions were also in good agreement (correlation coefficient of 0.62 and normalized mean bias of -36%) with hourly surface concentrations of MOAs observed during the summertime at an inland site near Paris, France. Our study shows that MOAs have weaker coastal-to-inland concentration gradients than sea-salt aerosols, leading to several inland European cities having > 10% of their surface submicron organic aerosol mass concentration with a marine source. The addition of MOA tracers to GEOS-Chem enabled us to identify the regions with large contributions of freshly emitted or aged aerosol having distinct physicochemical properties, potentially indicating optimal locations for future field studies. C1 [Gantt, B.; Meskhidze, N.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Johnson, M. S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Crippa, M.; Prevot, A. S. H.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. RP Gantt, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bdgantt@gmail.com RI Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DEFG02-08ER64508]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0826117]; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) [NNX11AG72G]; European Community [212520]; Office of Research and Development, US EPA FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy grant no. DEFG02-08ER64508, National Science Foundation grant no. ATM-0826117, and National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) through grant no. NNX11AG72G. The measurements in Paris were conducted in the MEGAPOLI project, mainly financially supported by the European Community's Framework Program FP/2007-2011 under grant agreement no. 212520. The authors would like to thank Daniel Jacob and the Harvard University Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group for providing the base GEOS-Chem model used during our research. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at NASA Ames Research Center. B. Gantt is supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, US EPA, administered by ORISE. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 619 EP 629 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-619-2015 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CE9JM UT WOS:000352160200010 ER PT J AU Hallock, AK Martin, AK Polzin, KA Kimberlin, AC Eskridge, RH AF Hallock, Ashley K. Martin, Adam K. Polzin, Kurt A. Kimberlin, Adam C. Eskridge, Richard H. TI Single- and Repetitive-Pulse Conical Theta-Pinch Inductive Pulsed Plasma Thruster Performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Accelerators; inductive accelerators; modeling; plasma engines ID ACCELERATION AB Impulse bits produced by conical theta-pinch inductive pulsed plasma thrusters possessing cone angles of 20 degrees, 38 degrees, and 60 degrees, were quantified for 500-J/pulse operation by direct measurement using a hanging pendulum thrust stand. All three cone angles were tested in single-pulse mode, with the 38 degrees model producing the highest impulse bits at roughly 1-mN-s operating on both argon and xenon propellants. A capacitor charging system, assembled to support repetitively pulsed thruster operation, permitted testing of the 38 degrees thruster at a repetition rate of 5 Hz at power levels of 0.9, 1.6, and 2.5 kW. For similar conditions, the average thrust measured during repetitive-pulse operation exceeded the value obtained when the single-pulse impulse bit is multiplied by the repetition rate, suggesting that a greater impulse bit per pulse was produced when operating in the repetitive-pulse mode. C1 [Hallock, Ashley K.] Yetispace Inc, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA. [Martin, Adam K.; Polzin, Kurt A.; Kimberlin, Adam C.; Eskridge, Richard H.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Hallock, AK (reprint author), OHB Sweden, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM ashleyhallock@gmail.com; adam.k.martin@nasa.gov; kurt.a.polzin@nasa.gov; adam.c.kimberlin@nasa.gov; richard.h.eskridge@nasa.gov FU In Space Propulsion Project of the Game-Changing Division (GCD) of NASA's Office of the Chief Technologist FX The authors would like to thank many individuals for the support and contributions. They would like to thank J. Martin, P. McRight, T. Williams, M. B. Koelbl, and T. Brown, from the Propulsion Systems Department, Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), for the continued support. They would also like to thank J. B. Pearson and M. LaPointe from MSFC for many technical discussions, G. Emsellem from The Elwing Company, and A. Finchum from MSFC for the use of the Shimadzu camera to obtain high-speed images. They would also like to thank T. Reid, D. Galloway, K. Chavers, D. Wilkie, R. Harper, S. McDonald, and M. Black for the continuing efforts and contributions of the MSFC technical support staff from the Propulsion Research and Development Laboratory and K. Perdue, A. Toftul, A. Wong, K. Bonds, and M. Becnel, who while working as National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Interns at MSFC contributed to bringing this paper to fruition. This work was funded by the In Space Propulsion Project of the Game-Changing Division (GCD) of NASA's Office of the Chief Technologist. The GCD Principle Investigator was C. Taylor from NASA/Langley Research Center and the Project Manager was T. Smith from NASA/Glenn Research Center. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 43 IS 1 BP 433 EP 443 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2368835 PN 3 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CE8HQ UT WOS:000352083000007 ER PT J AU Spessa, AC Field, RD Pappenberger, F Langner, A Englhart, S Weber, U Stockdale, T Siegert, F Kaiser, JW Moore, J AF Spessa, A. C. Field, R. D. Pappenberger, F. Langner, A. Englhart, S. Weber, U. Stockdale, T. Siegert, F. Kaiser, J. W. Moore, J. TI Seasonal forecasting of fire over Kalimantan, Indonesia SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LAND-COVER CHANGE; BURNED AREA; DANGER FORECASTS; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; EL-NINO; FOREST; SYSTEM; SATELLITE; BORNEO AB Large-scale fires occur frequently across Indonesia, particularly in the southern region of Kalimantan and eastern Sumatra. They have considerable impacts on carbon emissions, haze production, biodiversity, health, and economic activities. In this study, we demonstrate that severe fire and haze events in Indonesia can generally be predicted months in advance using predictions of seasonal rainfall from the ECMWF System 4 coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Based on analyses of long, up-to-date series observations on burnt area, rainfall, and tree cover, we demonstrate that fire activity is negatively correlated with rainfall and is positively associated with deforestation in Indonesia. There is a contrast between the southern region of Kalimantan (high fire activity, high tree cover loss, and strong non-linear correlation between observed rainfall and fire) and the central region of Kalimantan (low fire activity, low tree cover loss, and weak, non-linear correlation between observed rainfall and fire). The ECMWF seasonal forecast provides skilled forecasts of burnt and fire-affected area with several months lead time explaining at least 70% of the variance between rainfall and burnt and fire-affected area. Results are strongly influenced by El Nino years which show a consistent positive bias. Overall, our findings point to a high potential for using a more physical-based method for predicting fires with several months lead time in the tropics rather than one based on indexes only. We argue that seasonal precipitation forecasts should be central to Indonesia's evolving fire management policy. C1 [Spessa, A. C.] Open Univ, Dept Environm Earth & Ecosyst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Field, R. D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Field, R. D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Pappenberger, F.; Stockdale, T.; Kaiser, J. W.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Pappenberger, F.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Pappenberger, F.] Hohai Univ, Coll Hydrol & Water Resources, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Langner, A.] EC Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Forest Resources & Climate Unit, Ispra, Italy. [Englhart, S.; Siegert, F.] Remote Sensing Solut GmbH, Munich, Germany. [Weber, U.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Integrat, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Kaiser, J. W.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Atmospher Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Kaiser, J. W.] Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Moore, J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Siegert, F.] Univ Munich, GeoBio Ctr, Munich, Germany. RP Spessa, AC (reprint author), Open Univ, Dept Environm Earth & Ecosyst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. EM allan.spessa@open.ac.uk RI Kaiser, Johannes/A-7057-2012; Pappenberger, Florian/A-2839-2009; Englhart Lohberger, Sandra/J-7349-2016 OI Kaiser, Johannes/0000-0003-3696-9123; Pappenberger, Florian/0000-0003-1766-2898; Englhart Lohberger, Sandra/0000-0002-6180-7372 FU Open University Research Investment Fellowship scheme; NERC QUEST programme (FireMAFS: Fire Modelling and Forecasting System project) [NE/F001681/1]; Copernicus program; EU FP7 project MACC-II [283576] FX A. Spessa appreciates funding support provided by the Open University Research Investment Fellowship scheme. The original impetus for this study was enabled through funding from the NERC QUEST programme (FireMAFS: Fire Modelling and Forecasting System project; NE/F001681/1). The work by ECMWF was partially funded by the Copernicus program (http://www.copernicus.eu/). J. Kaiser was supported by the EU FP7 project MACC-II (grant agreement 283576). NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 3 BP 429 EP 442 DI 10.5194/nhess-15-429-2015 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CE9JT UT WOS:000352160900006 ER PT J AU Finkleman, D AF Finkleman, Dav TI Collaborating against space debris SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Finkleman, Dav] NORAD, Peterson AFB, CO 80914 USA. [Finkleman, Dav] US Space Command, Peterson AFB, CO USA. RP Finkleman, D (reprint author), NORAD, Peterson AFB, CO 80914 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 18 EP 20 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CE8XA UT WOS:000352126200010 ER PT J AU Heistermann, M Collis, S Dixon, MJ Giangrande, S Helmus, JJ Kelley, B Koistinen, J Michelson, DB Peura, M Pfaff, T Wolff, DB AF Heistermann, M. Collis, S. Dixon, M. J. Giangrande, S. Helmus, J. J. Kelley, B. Koistinen, J. Michelson, D. B. Peura, M. Pfaff, T. Wolff, D. B. TI THE EMERGENCE OF OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE FOR THE WEATHER RADAR COMMUNITY SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID C-BAND RADAR; REAL-TIME; ATTENUATION CORRECTION; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; MOUNTAINOUS REGION; BEAM BLOCKAGE; IDENTIFICATION; ALGORITHMS; RETRIEVAL AB Weather radar analysis has become increasingly sophisticated over the past 50 years, and efforts to keep software up to date have generally lagged behind the needs of the users. We argue that progress has been impeded by the fact that software has not been developed and shared as a community. Recently, the situation has been changing. In this paper, the developers of a number of open-source software (OSS) projects highlight the potential of OSS to advance radar-related research. We argue that the community-based development of OSS holds the potential to reduce duplication of efforts and to create transparency in implemented algorithms while improving the quality and scope of the software. We also conclude that there is sufficiently mature technology to support collaboration across different software projects. This could allow for consolidation toward a set of interoperable software platforms, each designed to accommodate very specific user requirements. C1 [Heistermann, M.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Collis, S.; Helmus, J. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Dixon, M. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Giangrande, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Biol Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kelley, B.; Wolff, D. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Koistinen, J.; Peura, M.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Michelson, D. B.] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Pfaff, T.] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Wasser & Umweltsyst Modellie, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Heistermann, M (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. EM maik.heistermann@uni-potsdam.de RI Giangrande, Scott/I-4089-2016 OI Giangrande, Scott/0000-0002-8119-8199 FU U.S. Federal Aviation Administration; U.S. National Science Foundation; European Union (European Regional Development Fund); European Union (European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as part of ARM; German Federal Ministry for Research and Education within the PROGRESS project; NASA's Precipitation Measurement Missions program FX The development of TITAN was funded by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration. The development of LROSE is funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation. BALTRAD software has been developed as part of the BALTRAD and BALTRAD+ projects that have been partly financed by the European Union (European Regional Development Fund and European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument). Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work has been supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as part of ARM. The development of wradlib was partly funded by the German Federal Ministry for Research and Education within the PROGRESS project, The development of RSL and RSL-in-IDL were supported by NASA's Precipitation Measurement Missions program. The authors thank Jonathan J. Gourley, Norman Donaldson, and Marco Borga who reviewed this paper and who substantially contributed to its improvement. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 96 IS 1 BP 117 EP 128 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00240.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE0FA UT WOS:000351478700016 ER PT J AU Sakazaki, T Shiotani, M Suzuki, M Kinnison, D Zawodny, JM McHugh, M Walker, KA AF Sakazaki, T. Shiotani, M. Suzuki, M. Kinnison, D. Zawodny, J. M. McHugh, M. Walker, K. A. TI Sunset-sunrise difference in solar occultation ozone measurements (SAGE II, HALOE, and ACE-FTS) and its relationship to tidal vertical winds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION SOUNDER SMILES; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; DATA SET; VALIDATION; TEMPERATURE; MESOSPHERE AB This paper contains a comprehensive investigation of the sunset-sunrise difference (SSD, i.e., the sunsetminus- sunrise value) of the ozone mixing ratio in the latitude range of 10 degrees S-10 degrees N. SSD values were determined from solar occultation measurements based on data obtained from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II, the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), and the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier transform spectrometer (ACE-FTS). The SSD was negative at altitudes of 20-30 km (-0.1 ppmv at 25 km) and positive at 30-50 km (+0.2 ppmv at 40-45 km) for HALOE and ACE-FTS data. SAGE II data also showed a qualitatively similar result, although the SSD in the upper stratosphere was 2 times larger than those derived from the other data sets. On the basis of an analysis of data from the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) and a nudged chemical transport model (the specified dynamics version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model: SD-WACCM), we conclude that the SSD can be explained by diurnal variations in the ozone concentration, particularly those caused by vertical transport by the atmospheric tidal winds. All data sets showed significant seasonal variations in the SSD; the SSD in the upper stratosphere is greatest from December through February, while that in the lower stratosphere reaches a maximum twice: during the periods March-April and September-October. Based on an analysis of SD-WACCM results, we found that these seasonal variations follow those associated with the tidal vertical winds. C1 [Sakazaki, T.; Shiotani, M.] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Uji, Japan. [Suzuki, M.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Kinnison, D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Zawodny, J. M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [McHugh, M.] Global Atmospher Technol & Sci, Newport News, VA USA. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Sakazaki, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Uji, Japan. EM takatoshi_sakazaki@rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp FU Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) [25483400]; International Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland (ISSI) [246]; MEXT [25281006]; ISS Science Project Office of ISAS/JAXA; Human Spaceflight Mission Directorate of JAXA FX SAGE II data were provided by the NASA Atmospheric Data Center. HALOE data were provided by GATS, Inc., through their website (http://haloe.gats-inc.com/home/index.php). ACE-FTS data were provided by the ACE Science Operations Centre. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. SMILES data were provided by the ISAS/JAXA. Monthly zonal wind data from Singapore were obtained from the Free University of Berlin through its website (http: //www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/met/ag/strat/produkte/qbo/index.html). SABER version 2 data were provided by GATS, Inc., through their website (ftp://saber.gats-inc.com/custom/Temp_O3/). We thank Koji Imai for his help in working with the ACE-FTS data. We are also grateful to Erkki Kyrola and Chris Boone for their helpful suggestions and comments. Ellis Remsberg and an anonymous reviewer gave us instructive comments which helped us to improve the manuscript. T. Sakazaki was supported in part by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) through a grant-in-aid for JSPS Fellows (25483400). T. Sakazaki and M. Suzuki were also supported by the International Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland (ISSI Team #246, Characterizing Diurnal Variations of Ozone for Improving Ozone Trend Estimates, http://www.issbern.ch/teams/ozonetrend/). This study was supported in part by the MEXT through a grant-in-aid (25281006), the ISS Science Project Office of ISAS/JAXA, and the Human Spaceflight Mission Directorate of JAXA. All figures were drawn with the GFD-Dennou library. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 2 BP 829 EP 843 DI 10.5194/acp-15-829-2015 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD6AI UT WOS:000351170000007 ER PT J AU Millan, L Wang, S Livesey, N Kinnison, D Sagawa, H Kasai, Y AF Millan, L. Wang, S. Livesey, N. Kinnison, D. Sagawa, H. Kasai, Y. TI Stratospheric and mesospheric HO2 observations from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; MODEL-CALCULATIONS; DEFICIT PROBLEM; OZONE DEFICIT; EOS MLS; SATELLITE; H2O; O-3; OH AB This study introduces stratospheric and mesospheric hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) estimates from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) using an offline retrieval (i.e. run separately from the standard MLS algorithm). This new data set provides two daily zonal averages, one during daytime from 10 to 0.0032 hPa (using day-minus-night differences between 10 and 1 hPa to ameliorate systematic biases) and one during nighttime from 1 to 0.0032 hPa. The vertical resolution of this new data set varies from about 4 km at 10 hPa to around 14 km at 0.0032 hPa. A description of the methodology and an error analysis are presented. Comparisons against the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) and the Far Infrared Spectrometer (FIRS-2) measurements, as well as photochemical simulations, demonstrate the robustness of the retrieval and indicate that the retrieval is sensitive enough to detect mesospheric HO2 layers during both day and night. This new data set is the first long-term HO2 stratospheric and mesospheric satellite record and it provides needed constraints to help resolve the O-3 deficit problem and the "HOx dilemma". C1 [Millan, L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Millan, L.; Wang, S.; Livesey, N.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Kinnison, D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Sagawa, H.; Kasai, Y.] Natl Inst Informat & Communicat Technol, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan. RP Millan, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM lmillan@jpl.nasa.gov RI Millan, Luis/J-2759-2015 FU NASA Upper Atmosphere Research programme; National Science Foundation; NASA Atmospheric Composition: Modeling and Analysis [NNH10ZDA001N-ACMAP] FX We thank M. Allen and K. Willacy for their help with setting up and running the Caltech/JPL-Kinetics 1-D photochemical model. FIRS-2 data were funded by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research programme. JEM/SMILES mission is a joint project of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT). The WACCM modelling work was sponsored by the National Science Foundation and by the NASA Atmospheric Composition: Modeling and Analysis, solicitation NNH10ZDA001N-ACMAP. The research described in this paper was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 5 BP 2889 EP 2902 DI 10.5194/acp-15-2889-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD6KL UT WOS:000351197900013 ER PT J AU Miller, SM Hayek, MN Andrews, AE Fung, I Liu, J AF Miller, S. M. Hayek, M. N. Andrews, A. E. Fung, I. Liu, J. TI Biases in atmospheric CO2 estimates from correlated meteorology modeling errors SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT MODELS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUX INVERSIONS; KALMAN FILTER; SIMULATIONS; EXCHANGE AB Estimates of CO2 fluxes that are based on atmospheric measurements rely upon a meteorology model to simulate atmospheric transport. These models provide a quantitative link between the surface fluxes and CO2 measurements taken downwind. Errors in the meteorology can therefore cause errors in the estimated CO2 fluxes. Meteorology errors that correlate or covary across time and/or space are particularly worrisome; they can cause biases in modeled atmospheric CO2 that are easily confused with the CO2 signal from surface fluxes, and they are difficult to characterize. In this paper, we leverage an ensemble of global meteorology model outputs combined with a data assimilation system to estimate these biases in modeled atmospheric CO2. In one case study, we estimate the magnitude of month-long CO2 biases relative to CO2 boundary layer enhancements and quantify how that answer changes if we either include or remove error correlations or covariances. In a second case study, we investigate which meteorological conditions are associated with these CO2 biases. In the first case study, we estimate uncertainties of 0.57 ppm in monthly-averaged CO2 concentrations, depending upon location (95% confidence interval). These uncertainties correspond to 13-150% of the mean afternoon CO2 boundary layer enhancement at individual observation sites. When we remove error covariances, however, this range drops to 222 %. Top-down studies that ignore these covariances could therefore underestimate the uncertainties and/or propagate transport errors into the flux estimate. In the second case study, we find that these month-long errors in atmospheric transport are anti-correlated with temperature and planetary boundary layer (PBL) height over terrestrial regions. In marine environments, by contrast, these errors are more strongly associated with weak zonal winds. Many errors, however, are not correlated with a single meteorological parameter, suggesting that a single meteorological proxy is not sufficient to characterize uncertainties in atmospheric CO2. Together, these two case studies provide information to improve the setup of future top-down inverse modeling studies, preventing unforeseen biases in estimated CO2 fluxes. C1 [Miller, S. M.; Hayek, M. N.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Andrews, A. E.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Fung, I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, J.] NASA, Earth Sci Div, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Miller, SM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM scot.m.miller@gmail.com FU DOE's Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was conducted at the Department of Energy's (DOE) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory as part of a DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowship. The research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the DOE's Office of Science under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. CarbonTracker CT2011_oi results are provided by NOAA ESRL, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from the website at http://carbontracker.noaa.gov. We thank Steven Wofsy for his feedback on the manuscript and thank Ed Dlugokencky of NOAA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 5 BP 2903 EP 2914 DI 10.5194/acp-15-2903-2015 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD6KL UT WOS:000351197900014 ER PT J AU Bloom, AA Williams, M AF Bloom, A. A. Williams, M. TI Constraining ecosystem carbon dynamics in a data-limited world: integrating ecological "common sense" in a model-data fusion framework SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; DATA ASSIMILATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; EDDY COVARIANCE; BOREAL FOREST; WATER-VAPOR; OLD-GROWTH; DIOXIDE; CYCLE; VEGETATION AB Many of the key processes represented in global terrestrial carbon models remain largely unconstrained. For instance, plant allocation patterns and residence times of carbon pools are poorly known globally, except perhaps at a few intensively studied sites. As a consequence of data scarcity, carbon models tend to be underdetermined, and so can produce similar net fluxes with very different parameters and internal dynamics. To address these problems, we propose a series of ecological and dynamic constraints (EDCs) on model parameters and initial conditions, as a means to constrain ecosystem variable inter-dependencies in the absence of local data. The EDCs consist of a range of conditions on (a) carbon pool turnover and allocation ratios, (b) steady-state proximity, and (c) growth and decay of model carbon pools. We use a simple ecosystem carbon model in a model-data fusion framework to determine the added value of these constraints in a data-poor context. Based only on leaf area index (LAI) time series and soil carbon data, we estimate net ecosystem exchange (NEE) for (a) 40 synthetic experiments and (b) three AmeriFlux tower sites. For the synthetic experiments, we show that EDCs lead to an overall 34% relative error reduction in model parameters, and a 65% reduction in the 3 yr NEE 90% confidence range. In the application at AmeriFlux sites all NEE estimates were made independently of NEE measurements. Compared to these observations, EDCs resulted in a 69-93% reduction in 3 yr cumulative NEE median biases (-0.26 to +0.08 kg Cm-2), in comparison to standard 3 yr median NEE biases (-1.17 to -0.84 kgCm(2)). In light of these findings, we advocate the use of EDCs in future model-data fusion analyses of the terrestrial carbon cycle. C1 [Bloom, A. A.; Williams, M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Bloom, AA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM abloom@jpl.nasa.gov RI Williams, Mathew/G-6140-2016 OI Williams, Mathew/0000-0001-6117-5208 FU NERC National Centre for Earth Observation, UK; European Union's Seventh Framework Programme [283080]; AmeriFlux (US Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program) [DEFG0204ER63917, DEFG0204ER63911]; CarboEuropeIP; FAOGTOSTCO; iLEAPS; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; National Science Foundation; University of Tuscia; Universite Laval and Environment Canada; US Department of Energy; United States Department of Energy (DOE - TES); Department of Commerce (DOC - NOAA); Department of Agriculture (USDA - Forest Service); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); Department of Energy; AmeriFlux Network Management Project; Department of Energy, Terrestrial Carbon Processes FX This project was funded by the NERC National Centre for Earth Observation, UK. This work has made use of the resources provided by the Edinburgh Compute and Data Facility (ECDF, http://www.ecdf.ed.ac.uk/). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 283080, project GEOCARBON. This work used eddy covariance data acquired by the FLUXNET community and in particular by the AmeriFlux (US Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program; DEFG0204ER63917 and DEFG0204ER63911). We acknowledge the financial support to the eddy covariance data harmonization provided by CarboEuropeIP, FAOGTOSTCO, iLEAPS, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, National Science Foundation, University of Tuscia, Universite Laval and Environment Canada and US Department of Energy and the database development and technical support from Berkeley Water Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Microsoft Research eScience, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, University of Virginia. AmeriFlux is funded by the the United States Department of Energy (DOE - TES), Department of Commerce (DOC - NOAA), the Department of Agriculture (USDA - Forest Service), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Science Foundation (NSF). US-Syv received funding support from Department of Energy, AmeriFlux Network Management Project Support for UW ChEAS Cluster and the Department of Energy, Terrestrial Carbon Processes. The writing of this paper was partially carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We are grateful for feedback from L. Smallman and discussions with J. Exbrayat and T. Hill. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1299 EP 1315 DI 10.5194/bg-12-1299-2015 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CD3OK UT WOS:000350987900002 ER PT S AU Horton, R Bader, D Kushnir, Y Little, C Blake, R Rosenzweig, C AF Horton, Radley Bader, Daniel Kushnir, Yochanan Little, Christopher Blake, Reginald Rosenzweig, Cynthia BE Rosenzweig, C Solecki, W TI New York City Panel on Climate Change 2015 Report Chapter 1: Climate Observations and Projections SO BUILDING THE KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR CLIMATE RESILIENCY: NEW YORK CITY PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE 2015 REPORT SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHANGE ADAPTATION; RISK-MANAGEMENT; STRATEGIES; WEATHER; MODEL; ICE C1 [Horton, Radley; Bader, Daniel] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Kushnir, Yochanan] Columbia Univ, Ocean & Climate Phys Dept, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Little, Christopher] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA USA. [Blake, Reginald] CUNY, New York City Coll Technol, Dept Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Rosenzweig, Cynthia] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Climate Impacts Grp, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Rosenzweig, Cynthia] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. RP Horton, R (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM rh142@columbia.edu NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2015 VL 1336 BP 18 EP 35 DI 10.1111/nyas.12586 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC3EX UT WOS:000351586900005 PM 25688943 ER PT S AU Solecki, W Rosenzweig, C Blake, R de Sherbinin, A Matte, T Moshary, F Rosenzweig, B Arend, M Gaffin, S Bou-Zeid, E Rule, K Sweeny, G Dessy, W AF Solecki, William Rosenzweig, Cynthia Blake, Reginald de Sherbinin, Alex Matte, Tom Moshary, Fred Rosenzweig, Bernice Arend, Mark Gaffin, Stuart Bou-Zeid, Elie Rule, Keith Sweeny, Geraldine Dessy, Wendy BE Rosenzweig, C Solecki, W TI New York City Panel on Climate Change 2015 Report Chapter 6: Indicators and Monitoring SO BUILDING THE KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR CLIMATE RESILIENCY: NEW YORK CITY PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE 2015 REPORT SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MANAGEMENT; SHIFTS C1 [Solecki, William] CUNY, Inst Sustainable Cities, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Rosenzweig, Cynthia] Columbia Univ, Climate Impacts Grp, NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, Ctr Climate Syst Res,Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Blake, Reginald] CUNY, Dept Phys, New York City Coll Technol, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Blake, Reginald] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Climate Impacts Grp, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [de Sherbinin, Alex] Columbia Univ, CIESIN, Palisades, NY USA. [Matte, Tom] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Moshary, Fred; Arend, Mark] CUNY, City Coll New York, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Rosenzweig, Bernice] CUNY, CUNY Environm Crossrd, City Coll New York, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Gaffin, Stuart] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Bou-Zeid, Elie] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Rule, Keith] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Sweeny, Geraldine; Dessy, Wendy] New York City Mayors Off Operat, New York, NY USA. RP Solecki, W (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, New York, NY 10021 USA. OI de Sherbinin, Alex/0000-0002-8875-4864 NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2015 VL 1336 BP 89 EP 106 DI 10.1111/nyas.12587 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC3EX UT WOS:000351586900010 PM 25688948 ER PT J AU Abdol-Hamid, KS AF Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S. TI Assessments of k-kL Turbulence Model Based on Menter's Modification to Rotta's Two-Equation Model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PART 1; FLOW; SEPARATION; SIMULATION; LAYER AB The main objective of this paper is to construct a turbulence model with a more reliable second equation simulating length scale. In the present paper, we assess the length scale equation based on Menter's modification to Rotta's two-equation model. Rotta shows that a reliable second equation can be formed in an exact transport equation from the turbulent length scale and kinetic energy. Rotta's equation is well suited for a term-by-term modeling and shows some interesting features compared to other approaches. The most important difference is that the formulation leads to a natural inclusion of higher order velocity derivatives into the source terms of the scale equation, which has the potential to enhance the capability of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes to simulate unsteady flows. The model is implemented in the CFD solver with complete formulation, usage methodology, and validation examples to demonstrate its capabilities. The detailed studies include grid convergence. Near-wall and shear flows cases are documented and compared with experimental and large eddy simulation data. The results from this formulation are as good or better than the well-known shear stress turbulence model and much better than k-epsilon results. Overall, the study provides useful insights into the model capability in predicting attached and separated flows. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23693 USA. RP Abdol-Hamid, KS (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23693 USA. EM k.s.abdol-hamid@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-5966 EI 1687-5974 J9 INT J AEROSPACE ENG JI Int. J. Aerosp. Eng. PY 2015 AR 987682 DI 10.1155/2015/987682 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CD4QY UT WOS:000351069700001 ER PT J AU Watson, AB Ahumada, AJ AF Watson, Andrew B. Ahumada, Albert J. TI Letter identification and the Neural Image Classifier SO JOURNAL OF VISION LA English DT Article DE contrast; detection; identification; classification; letter identification; peripheral vision; contrast difference energy; noise; efficiency; optics ID RETINAL GANGLION-CELLS; SPATIAL-FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; PERIPHERAL-VISION; VISUAL-FIELD; MODEL; NOISE; VISIBILITY; SUMMATION; CHANNEL AB Letter identification is an important visual task for both practical and theoretical reasons. To extend and test existing models, we have reviewed published data for contrast sensitivity for letter identification as a function of size and have also collected new data. Contrast sensitivity increases rapidly from the acuity limit but slows and asymptotes at a symbol size of about 1 degree. We recast these data in terms of contrast difference energy: the average of the squared distances between the letter images and the average letter image. In terms of sensitivity to contrast difference energy, and thus visual efficiency, there is a peak around 1/4 degree, followed by a marked decline at larger sizes. These results are explained by a Neural Image Classifier model that includes optical filtering and retinal neural filtering, sampling, and noise, followed by an optimal classifier. As letters are enlarged, sensitivity declines because of the increasing size and spacing of the midget retinal ganglion cell receptive fields in the periphery. C1 [Watson, Andrew B.; Ahumada, Albert J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Watson, AB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM andrew.b.watson@nasa.gov FU NASA Space Human Factors Research Project [WBS 466199] FX We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Austin Roorda in the collection of wavefront aberration data. We thank Jeffrey Mulligan for helpful comments. This work supported by the NASA Space Human Factors Research Project WBS 466199. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 1534-7362 J9 J VISION JI J. Vision PY 2015 VL 15 IS 2 AR 15 DI 10.1167/15.2.15 PG 26 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA CC9HQ UT WOS:000350679800015 ER PT J AU Watson, AB AF Watson, Andrew B. TI Computing human optical point spread functions SO JOURNAL OF VISION LA English DT Article DE Zernike; PSF; blur; optics; retinal image; software ID ZERNIKE EXPANSION COEFFICIENTS; EYE ABERRATION COEFFICIENTS; IMAGE QUALITY; PUPIL SIZES; MODEL AB There is renewed interest in the role of optics in human vision. At the same time there have been advances that allow for routine standardized measurement of the wavefront aberrations of the human eye. Computational methods have been developed to convert these measurements to a description of the human visual optical point spread function (PSF), and to thereby calculate the retinal image. However, tools to implement these calculations for vision science are not widely available or widely understood. In this report we describe software to compute the human optical PSF, and we discuss constraints and limitations. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Watson, AB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM andrew.b.watson@nasa.gov FU NASA Space Human Factors Research Project [WBS 466199] FX I thank Larry Thibos for early advice on optical computations and for providing the database of wavefront aberrations. I thank Pablo Artal for useful comments and calculations. I thank Jose Antonio Diaz Navas for generous assistance with pupil scaling formulas. This work supported by the NASA Space Human Factors Research Project WBS 466199. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 1534-7362 J9 J VISION JI J. Vision PY 2015 VL 15 IS 2 AR 26 DI 10.1167/15.2.26 PG 25 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA CC9HQ UT WOS:000350679800026 PM 25724191 ER PT J AU Pariat, E Dalmasse, K DeVore, CR Antiochos, SK Karpen, JT AF Pariat, E. Dalmasse, K. DeVore, C. R. Antiochos, S. K. Karpen, J. T. TI Model for straight and helical solar jets I. Parametric studies of the magnetic field geometry SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; magnetic reconnection; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Sun: flares; Sun: magnetic fields ID X-RAY JETS; H-ALPHA SURGES; CHROMOSPHERIC ANEMONE JETS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; POLAR CORONAL HOLE; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; FLUX EMERGENCE; BLOWOUT JETS; NULL-POINT; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS AB Context. Jets are dynamic, impulsive, well-collimated plasma events developing at many different scales and in different layers of the solar atmosphere. Aims. Jets are believed to be induced by magnetic reconnection, a process central to many astrophysical phenomena. Studying their dynamics can help us to better understand the processes acting in larger eruptive events (e.g., flares and coronal mass ejections) as well as mass, magnetic helicity, and energy transfer at all scales in the solar atmosphere. The relative simplicity of their magnetic geometry and topology, compared with larger solar active events, makes jets ideal candidates for studying the fundamental role of reconnection in energetic events. Methods. In this study, using our recently developed numerical solver ARMS, we present several parametric studies of a 3D numerical magneto-hydrodynamic model of solar-jet-like events. We studied the impact of the magnetic field inclination and photospheric field distribution on the generation and properties of two morphologically different types of solar jets, straight and helical, which can account for the observed so-called standard and blowout jets. Results. Our parametric studies validate our model of jets for different geometric properties of the magnetic configuration. We find that a helical jet is always triggered for the range of parameters we tested. This demonstrates that the 3D magnetic null-point configuration is a very robust structure for the energy storage and impulsive release characteristic of helical jets. In certain regimes determined by magnetic geometry, a straight jet precedes the onset of a helical jet. We show that the reconnection occurring during the straight-jet phase influences the triggering of the helical jet. Conclusions. Our results allow us to better understand the energization, triggering, and driving processes of straight and helical jets. Our model predicts the impulsiveness and energetics of jets in terms of the surrounding magnetic field configuration. Finally, we discuss the interpretation of the observationally defined standard and blowout jets in the context of our model, as well as the physical factors that determine which type of jet will occur. C1 [Pariat, E.; Dalmasse, K.] Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS, LESIA,Observ Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Dalmasse, K.; DeVore, C. R.; Antiochos, S. K.; Karpen, J. T.] NASA, Heliophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Pariat, E (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS, LESIA,Observ Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France. EM etienne.pariat@obspm.fr RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X FU NASA's Living With a Star program FX The authors thank the anonymous referee for his or her careful reading of the manuscript and remarks that helped to improve its readability. Authors C.R.D., S.K.A., and J.T.K. thank NASA's Living With a Star program for supporting their participation in this work. The parametric studies presented in this work required a cumulated important amount of numerical resources over several years. We greatly appreciate the HPC resources of CINES, granted under the allocations 2010-046331, 2011-046331, 2012-046331, and 2013-046331 by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif), without which this work would have been impossible. Numerous test calculations were also performed on the quadric-core bi-Xeon computers of the Cluster of the Division Informatique de l'Observatoire de Paris. ISSI support for the workshops Understanding Solar Jets and their Role in Atmospheric Structure and Dynamics and the critical comments of the team members are gratefully acknowledged. NR 96 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 573 AR A130 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201424209 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CD1AM UT WOS:000350806000018 ER PT J AU Peterson, PK Simpson, WR Pratt, KA Shepson, PB Friess, U Zielcke, J Platt, U Walsh, SJ Nghiem, SV AF Peterson, P. K. Simpson, W. R. Pratt, K. A. Shepson, P. B. Friess, U. Zielcke, J. Platt, U. Walsh, S. J. Nghiem, S. V. TI Dependence of the vertical distribution of bromine monoxide in the lower troposphere on meteorological factors such as wind speed and stability SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OZONE DEPLETION EVENTS; ARCTIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; POLAR SUNRISE; SEA-ICE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MAX-DOAS; BRO; SNOW; ACTIVATION AB Multiple axis differential absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements of bromine monoxide (BrO) probed the vertical structure of halogen activation events during March-May 2012 at Barrow, Alaska. An analysis of the BrO averaging kernels and degrees of freedom obtained by optimal-estimation-based inversions from raw MAX-DOAS measurements reveals the information is best represented by reducing the retrieved BrO profile to two quantities: the integrated column from the surface through 200m (VCD200m), and the lower tropospheric vertical column density (LT-VCD), which represents the integrated column of BrO from the surface through 2 km. The percentage of lower tropospheric BrO in the lowest 200m was found to be highly variable ranging from shallow layer events, where BrO is present primarily in the lowest 200 m, to distributed column events where BrO is observed at higher altitudes. The highest observed LT-VCD events occurred when BrO was distributed throughout the lower troposphere, rather than concentrated near the surface. Atmospheric stability in the lowest 200m influenced the percentage of LT-VCD that is in the lowest 200 m, with inverted temperature structures having a first-to-third quartile range (Q1-Q3) of VCD200m/LT-VCD from 15-39 %, while near-neutral-temperature structures had a Q1-Q3 range of 7-13 %. Data from this campaign show no clear influence of wind speed on either lower tropospheric bromine activation (LT-VCD) or the vertical distribution of BrO, while examination of seasonal trends and the temperature dependence of the vertical distribution supported the conclusion that the atmospheric stability affects the vertical distribution of BrO. C1 [Peterson, P. K.; Simpson, W. R.; Walsh, S. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Pratt, K. A.; Shepson, P. B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shepson, P. B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Friess, U.; Zielcke, J.; Platt, U.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Nghiem, S. V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Simpson, WR (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM wrsimpson@alaska.edu RI Pratt, Kerri/F-8025-2010; OI Pratt, Kerri/0000-0003-4707-2290; Simpson, William/0000-0002-8596-7290; Peterson, Peter/0000-0002-9337-6677 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cryospheric Sciences Program (CSP); National Science Foundation [ARC-1023118]; NSF [ARC-1107695]; NSF; NASA CSP FX The research at the University of Alaska was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cryospheric Sciences Program (CSP), and partial financial support for MAX-DOAS analysis methods was provided by the National Science Foundation under grant ARC-1023118. The Purdue group recognizes NSF support through grant ARC-1107695. K. A. Pratt was supported by a NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Polar Regions Research. The Purdue group acknowledges field assistance from Kyle Custard (Purdue Univ.), David Tanner (Georgia Tech), and L. Gregory Huey (Georgia Tech). The research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was supported by the NASA CSP. The authors gratefully acknowledge Chris Moore (Desert Research Inst.) for helpful discussions, as well as Alexei Rozanov from IUP Bremen for providing the SCIATRAN radiative transfer code. The authors also wish to thank UMIAQ for logistical support, and Bristow Air for providing a helicopter for the deployment of IL1. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 4 BP 2119 EP 2137 DI 10.5194/acp-15-2119-2015 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD6KC UT WOS:000351197000009 ER PT J AU Launois, T Belviso, S Bopp, L Fichot, CG Peylin, P AF Launois, T. Belviso, S. Bopp, L. Fichot, C. G. Peylin, P. TI A new model for the global biogeochemical cycle of carbonyl sulfide - Part 1: Assessment of direct marine emissions with an oceanic general circulation and biogeochemistry model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AIR-SEA EXCHANGE; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; SURFACE WATERS; NATURAL-WATERS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; COS; COEFFICIENTS AB The global budget of tropospheric carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is believed to be at equilibrium because background air concentrations have remained roughly stable over at least the last decade. Since the uptake of OCS by leaves (associated with photosynthesis) and soils have been revised significantly upwards recently, an equilibrated budget can only be obtained with a compensatory source of OCS. It has been assumed that the missing source of OCS comes from the low-latitude ocean, following the incident solar flux. The present work uses parameterizations of major production and removal processes of organic compounds in the NEMO-PISCES (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean, Pelagic Interaction Scheme for Carbon and Ecosystem Studies) ocean general circulation and biogeochemistry model to assess the marine source of OCS. In addition, the OCS photo-production rates computed with the NEMO-PISCES model were evaluated independently using the UV absorption coefficient of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (derived from satellite ocean color data) and apparent quantum yields available in the literature. Our simulations show global direct marine emissions of OCS in the range of 5733997 GgS yr(-1), depending mostly on the quantification of the absorption rate of chromophoric dissolved organic matter. The high estimates of that range are unlikely, as they correspond to a formulation that most likely overestimate photo-production process. Low and medium (813 GgS yr(-1)) estimates derived from the NEMO-PISCES model are however consistent spatially and temporally with the suggested missing source of Berry et al. (2013), allowing us thus to close the global budget of OCS given the recent estimates of leaf and soil OCS uptake. C1 [Launois, T.; Belviso, S.; Bopp, L.; Peylin, P.] CE Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, LSCE Saclay,IPSL,CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Fichot, C. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Launois, T (reprint author), CE Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, LSCE Saclay,IPSL,CEA, Bat 703 LOrme Merisiers, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM thomas.launois@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011 NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 5 BP 2295 EP 2312 DI 10.5194/acp-15-2295-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CC7PE UT WOS:000350559700004 ER PT J AU Lyamani, H Valenzuela, A Perez-Ramirez, D Toledano, C Granados-Munoz, MJ Olmo, FJ Alados-Arboledas, L AF Lyamani, H. Valenzuela, A. Perez-Ramirez, D. Toledano, C. Granados-Munoz, M. J. Olmo, F. J. Alados-Arboledas, L. TI Aerosol properties over the western Mediterranean basin: temporal and spatial variability SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROBOTIC NETWORK DATA; SAHARAN DUST EVENTS; 2003 HEAT-WAVE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOUTHEASTERN SPAIN; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SUN-PHOTOMETER; GRANADA SPAIN; MARITIME; TRANSPORT AB This study focuses on the analysis of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol data obtained over Alboran Island (35.90 degrees N, 3.03 degrees W, 15ma.s.l.) in the western Mediterranean from July 2011 to January 2012. Additional aerosol data from the three nearest AERONET stations (Malaga, Oujda and Palma de Mallorca) and the Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) were also analyzed in order to investigate the temporal and spatial variations of aerosol over this scarcely explored region. High aerosol loads over Alboran were mainly associated with desert dust transport from North Africa and occasional advection of anthropogenic fine particles from central European urban-industrial areas. The fine particle load observed over Alboran was surprisingly similar to that obtained over the other three nearest AERONET stations, suggesting homogeneous spatial distribution of fine particle loads over the four studied sites in spite of the large differences in local sources. The results from MAN acquired over the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and Atlantic Ocean from July to November 2011 revealed a pronounced predominance of fine particles during the cruise period. C1 [Lyamani, H.; Valenzuela, A.; Granados-Munoz, M. J.; Olmo, F. J.; Alados-Arboledas, L.] Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res IISTA CEAMA, Granada 18006, Spain. [Lyamani, H.; Valenzuela, A.; Granados-Munoz, M. J.; Olmo, F. J.; Alados-Arboledas, L.] Univ Granada, Dept Appl Phys, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Perez-Ramirez, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perez-Ramirez, D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, GESTAR, Columbia, MD USA. [Toledano, C.] Univ Valladolid UVA, Atmospher Opt Grp GOA, Valladolid 47071, Spain. RP Lyamani, H (reprint author), Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res IISTA CEAMA, Granada 18006, Spain. EM hlyamani@ugr.es RI Toledano, Carlos/J-3672-2012; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/P-5630-2014; Olmo Reyes, Francisco Jose/F-7621-2016; Perez-Ramirez, Daniel/Q-1129-2016; Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose/G-9308-2014 OI Toledano, Carlos/0000-0002-6890-6648; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/0000-0003-3576-7167; Olmo Reyes, Francisco Jose/0000-0002-0186-1721; Perez-Ramirez, Daniel/0000-0002-7679-6135; Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose/0000-0001-8718-5914 FU Andalusia Regional Government [P12-RNM-2409, P10-RNM-6299]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology [CGL2010-18782, CGL2013-45410-R]; EU through ACTRIS project [EU INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254]; ACTRIS (European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7) [262254]; Royal Institute and Observatory of the Spanish Navy (ROA) FX This work was supported by the Andalusia Regional Government through projects P12-RNM-2409 and P10-RNM-6299, by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through projects CGL2010-18782, and CGL2013-45410-R; and by the EU through ACTRIS project (EU INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254). CIMEL Calibration was performed at the AERONET-EUROPE calibration center, supported by ACTRIS (European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 262254. The authors gratefully acknowledge the outstanding support received from Royal Institute and Observatory of the Spanish Navy (ROA). The authors are grateful to the AERONET, MAN, and field campaign PIs for the production of the data used in this research effort. We would like to express our gratitude to the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, NOAA Air Resources Laboratory and Naval Research Laboratory for the HYSPLIT model. We would like to acknowledge the constructive comments of A. Smirnov about the AERONET data. Finally, we also thank A. Kowalski for revising the manuscript. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 5 BP 2473 EP 2486 DI 10.5194/acp-15-2473-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CC7PE UT WOS:000350559700014 ER PT J AU Sessions, WR Reid, JS Benedetti, A Colarco, PR da Silva, A Lu, S Sekiyama, T Tanaka, TY Baldasano, JM Basart, S Brooks, ME Eck, TF Iredell, M Hansen, JA Jorba, OC Juang, HMH Lynch, P Morcrette, JJ Moorthi, S Mulcahy, J Pradhan, Y Razinger, M Sampson, CB Wang, J Westphal, DL AF Sessions, W. R. Reid, J. S. Benedetti, A. Colarco, P. R. da Silva, A. Lu, S. Sekiyama, T. Tanaka, T. Y. Baldasano, J. M. Basart, S. Brooks, M. E. Eck, T. F. Iredell, M. Hansen, J. A. Jorba, O. C. Juang, H. -M. H. Lynch, P. Morcrette, J. -J. Moorthi, S. Mulcahy, J. Pradhan, Y. Razinger, M. Sampson, C. B. Wang, J. Westphal, D. L. TI Development towards a global operational aerosol consensus: basic climatological characteristics of the International Cooperative for Aerosol Prediction Multi-Model Ensemble (ICAP-MME) (vol 15, pg 335, 2015) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Sessions, W. R.; Lynch, P.] CSC Inc, Monterey, CA USA. [Reid, J. S.; Hansen, J. A.; Sampson, C. B.; Westphal, D. L.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Benedetti, A.; Morcrette, J. -J.; Razinger, M.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Colarco, P. R.; da Silva, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lu, S.; Iredell, M.; Juang, H. -M. H.; Moorthi, S.; Wang, J.] NOAA, NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. [Sekiyama, T.; Tanaka, T. Y.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Atmospher Environm & Appl Meteorol Res Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Baldasano, J. M.; Basart, S.; Jorba, O. C.] Ctr Nacl Supercomputac, Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Earth Sci Dept, Barcelona, Spain. [Brooks, M. E.; Mulcahy, J.; Pradhan, Y.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Eck, T. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, J.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Reid, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jeffrey.reid@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 5 BP 2533 EP 2534 DI 10.5194/acp-15-2533-2015 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CC7PE UT WOS:000350559700019 ER PT J AU Cazorla, M Wolfe, GM Bailey, SA Swanson, AK Arkinson, HL Hanisco, TF AF Cazorla, M. Wolfe, G. M. Bailey, S. A. Swanson, A. K. Arkinson, H. L. Hanisco, T. F. TI A new airborne laser-induced fluorescence instrument for in situ detection of formaldehyde throughout the troposphere and lower stratosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC FORMALDEHYDE; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; OMI OBSERVATIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; TRACE GASES; AIR; OZONE; REGION; SPACE AB The NASA In Situ Airborne Formaldehyde (ISAF) instrument is a high-performance laser-based detector for gas-phase formaldehyde (HCHO). ISAF uses rotational-state specific laser excitation at 353 nm for laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection of HCHO. A number of features make ISAF ideal for airborne deployment, including (1) a compact, low-maintenance fiber laser, (2) a single-pass design for stable signal response, (3) a straightforward inlet design, and (4) a stand-alone data acquisition system. A full description of the instrument design is given, along with detailed performance characteristics. The accuracy of reported mixing ratios is +/- 10% based on calibration against IR and UV absorption of a primary HCHO standard. Precision at 1 Hz is typically better than 20% above 100 pptv, with uncertainty in the signal background contributing most to variability at low mixing ratios. The 1 Hz detection limit for a signal / noise ratio of 2 is 36 pptv for 10 mW of laser power, and the e fold time response at typical sample flow rates is 0.19 s. ISAF has already flown on several field missions and platforms with excellent results. C1 [Cazorla, M.; Wolfe, G. M.; Bailey, S. A.; Swanson, A. K.; Hanisco, T. F.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Wolfe, G. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Swanson, A. K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Arkinson, H. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hanisco, TF (reprint author), NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM thomas.hanisco@nasa.gov RI Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; OI Cazorla, Maria/0000-0001-5295-2968 FU Goddard Internal Research and Development (IRAD) program; NASA ROSES [NNH10ZDA001N-SEAC4RS]; NASA Postdoctoral Program FX This research was funded by the Goddard Internal Research and Development (IRAD) program and the NASA ROSES grant NNH10ZDA001N-SEAC4RS. The NASA Postdoctoral Program provided funding for M. Cazorla. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 2 BP 541 EP 552 DI 10.5194/amt-8-541-2015 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CC7OR UT WOS:000350558300002 ER PT J AU Su, W Corbett, J Eitzen, Z Liang, L AF Su, W. Corbett, J. Eitzen, Z. Liang, L. TI Next-generation angular distribution models for top-of-atmosphere radiative flux calculation from CERES instruments: methodology SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; PART I; MODIS OBSERVATIONS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; TERRA SATELLITE; EARTHS SURFACE; CIRRUS CLOUDS; AEROSOLS; SNOW AB The top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative fluxes are critical components to advancing our understanding of the Earth's radiative energy balance, radiative effects of clouds and aerosols, and climate feedback. The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments provide broadband shortwave and longwave radiance measurements. These radiances are converted to fluxes by using scene-type-dependent angular distribution models (ADMs). This paper describes the next-generation ADMs that are developed for Terra and Aqua using all available CERES rotating azimuth plane radiance measurements. Coincident cloud and aerosol retrievals, and radiance measurements from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and meteorological parameters from Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) data assimilation version 5.4.1 are used to define scene type. CERES radiance measurements are stratified by scene type and by other parameters that are important for determining the anisotropy of the given scene type. Anisotropic factors are then defined either for discrete intervals of relevant parameters or as a continuous functions of combined parameters, depending on the scene type. Significant differences between the ADMs described in this paper and the existing ADMs are over clear-sky scene types and polar scene types. Over clear ocean, we developed a set of shortwave (SW) ADMs that explicitly account for aerosols. Over clear land, the SW ADMs are developed for every 1 degrees latitude x 1 degrees longitude region for every calendar month using a kernel-based bidirectional reflectance model. Over clear Antarctic scenes, SW ADMs are developed by accounting the effects of sastrugi on anisotropy. Over sea ice, a sea-ice brightness index is used to classify the scene type. Under cloudy conditions over all surface types, the longwave (LW) and window (WN) ADMs are developed by combining surface and cloud-top temperature, surface and cloud emissivity, cloud fraction, and precipitable water. Compared to the existing ADMs, the new ADMs change the monthly mean instantaneous fluxes by up to 5 W m(-2) on a regional scale of 1 degrees latitude x 1 degrees longitude, but the flux changes are less than 0.5 W m(-2) on a global scale. C1 [Su, W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Corbett, J.; Eitzen, Z.; Liang, L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Su, W (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS420, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM wenying.su-1@nasa.gov NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 2 BP 611 EP 632 DI 10.5194/amt-8-611-2015 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CC7OR UT WOS:000350558300007 ER PT J AU Fauchez, T Dubuisson, P Cornet, C Szczap, F Garnier, A Pelon, J Meyer, K AF Fauchez, T. Dubuisson, P. Cornet, C. Szczap, F. Garnier, A. Pelon, J. Meyer, K. TI Impacts of cloud heterogeneities on cirrus optical properties retrieved from space-based thermal infrared radiometry SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID BULK SCATTERING PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; ICE CLOUDS; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; EFFECTIVE EMISSIVITY; SPECTRAL REGION; PART I; ATMOSPHERE; INHOMOGENEITY; MODEL AB This paper presents a study, based on simulations, of the impact of cirrus cloud heterogeneities on the retrieval of cloud parameters (optical thickness and effective diameter) for the Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR) on board CALIPSO. Cirrus clouds are generated by the stochastic model 3DCLOUD for two different cloud fields and for several averaged cloud parameters. One cloud field is obtained from a cirrus observed on 25 May 2007 during the airborne campaign CIRCLE-2 and the other is a cirrus uncinus. The radiative transfer is simulated with the 3DMCPOL code. To assess the errors due to cloud heterogeneities, two related retrieval algorithms are used: (i) the split-window technique to retrieve the ice crystal effective diameter and (ii) an algorithm similar to the IIR operational algorithm to retrieve the effective emissivity and the effective optical thickness. Differences between input parameters and retrieved parameters are compared as a function of different cloud properties such as the mean optical thickness, the heterogeneity parameter and the effective diameter. The optical thickness heterogeneity for each 1 km x 1 km observation pixel is represented by the optical thickness standard deviation computed using 100 m x 100 m subpixels. We show that optical thickness heterogeneity may have a strong impact on the retrieved parameters, mainly due to the plane-parallel approximation (PPA assumption). In particular, for cirrus clouds with ice crystal diameter of approximately 10 mu m, the averaged error on the retrieved effective diameter and optical thickness is about 2.5 mu m (similar to 25 %) and -0.20 (similar to 12 %), respectively. Then, these biases decrease with increasing effective size due to a decrease of the cloud absorption and, thus, the PPA bias. Cloud horizontal heterogeneity effects are greater than other possible sources of retrieval errors such as those due to cloud vertical heterogeneity impact, surface temperature or atmospheric temperature profile uncertainty and IIR retrieval uncertainty. Cloud horizontal heterogeneity effects are larger than the IIR retrieval uncertainty if the standard deviation of the optical thickness, inside the observation pixel, is greater than 1. C1 [Fauchez, T.; Dubuisson, P.; Cornet, C.] Univ Lille 1, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Szczap, F.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Meteorol Phys, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Garnier, A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Garnier, A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Pelon, J.] UVSQ, UPMC, CNRS, Lab Atmospheres, Paris, France. [Meyer, K.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Columbia, MD USA. [Meyer, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cornet, C (reprint author), Univ Lille 1, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. EM celine.cornet@univ-lille1.fr RI Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016 OI Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200 FU Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Programme National de Teledetection Spatiale; Direction Generale de l'Armement FX The authors acknowledge the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, the Programme National de Teledetection Spatiale and the Direction Generale de l'Armement for their financial support. We also thank the use of resources provided by the European Grid Infrastructure. For more information, please refer to the EGI-InSPIRE paper (http://go.egi.eu/pdnon). NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 2 BP 633 EP 647 DI 10.5194/amt-8-633-2015 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CC7OR UT WOS:000350558300008 ER PT J AU Liu, C Liu, X Kowalewski, MG Janz, SJ Abad, GG Pickering, KE Chance, K Lamsal, LN AF Liu, C. Liu, X. Kowalewski, M. G. Janz, S. J. Abad, G. Gonzalez Pickering, K. E. Chance, K. Lamsal, L. N. TI Characterization and verification of ACAM slit functions for trace-gas retrievals during the 2011 DISCOVER-AQ flight campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; NO2; SPECTROMETER; DOAS AB The Airborne Compact Atmospheric Mapper (ACAM), an ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared spectrometer, has been flown on board the NASA UC-12 aircraft during the Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) campaigns to provide remote sensing observations of tropospheric and boundary-layer pollutants from its radiance measurements. To assure the tracegas retrieval from ACAM measurements we perform detailed characterization and verification of ACAM slit functions. The wavelengths and slit functions of ACAM measurements are characterized for the air-quality channel (similar to 304-500 nm) through cross-correlation with a high-resolution solar irradiance reference spectrum after necessarily accounting for atmospheric gas absorption and the ring effect in the calibration process. The derived slit functions, assuming a hybrid combination of asymmetric Gaussian and top-hat slit functions, agree very well with the laboratory-measured slit functions. Comparisons of trace-gas retrievals between using derived and measured slit functions demonstrate that the cross-correlation technique can be reliably used to characterize slit functions for trace-gas retrievals. C1 [Liu, C.; Liu, X.; Abad, G. Gonzalez; Chance, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kowalewski, M. G.; Lamsal, L. N.] USRA, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kowalewski, M. G.; Janz, S. J.; Pickering, K. E.; Lamsal, L. N.] NASA, Goddard Space & Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM xliu@cfa.harvard.edu RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Gonzalez Abad, Gonzalo/0000-0002-8090-6480 FU NASA, as part of the NASA Earth Venture-1 DISCOVER-AQ project [NNX11AH77G, NNX12AJ66G]; Smithsonian Institution FX Funding for this work at Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory is provided by NASA Grants NNX11AH77G and NNX12AJ66G, as part of the NASA Earth Venture-1 DISCOVER-AQ project, and by the Smithsonian Institution. We acknowledge James Crawford for his strong support of this work. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 2 BP 751 EP 759 DI 10.5194/amt-8-751-2015 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CC7OR UT WOS:000350558300016 ER PT J AU Spinei, E Cede, A Herman, J Mount, GH Eloranta, E Morley, B Baidar, S Dix, B Ortega, I Koenig, T Volkamer, R AF Spinei, E. Cede, A. Herman, J. Mount, G. H. Eloranta, E. Morley, B. Baidar, S. Dix, B. Ortega, I. Koenig, T. Volkamer, R. TI Ground-based direct-sun DOAS and airborne MAX-DOAS measurements of the collision-induced oxygen complex, O2O2, absorption with significant pressure and temperature differences SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID OZONE UV SPECTROSCOPY; CROSS-SECTIONS; AEROSOL EXTINCTION; PROFILE MEASUREMENTS; FREE TROPOSPHERE; 477 NM; NO2; O-4; INSTRUMENT; RETRIEVAL AB The collision-induced O-2 complex, O2O2, is a very important trace gas for understanding remote sensing measurements of aerosols, cloud properties and atmospheric trace gases. Many ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements of the O2O2 optical depth require correction factors of 0.75 +/- 0.1 to reproduce radiative transfer modeling (RTM) results for a nearly pure Rayleigh atmosphere. One of the potential causes of this discrepancy is uncertainty in laboratory-measured O2O2 absorption cross section temperature and pressure dependencies due to difficulties in replicating atmospheric conditions in the laboratory environment. This paper presents ground-based direct-sun (DS) and airborne multi-axis (AMAX) DOAS measurements of O2O2 absorption optical depths under actual atmospheric conditions in two wavelength regions (335-390 and 435-490 nm). DS irradiance measurements were made by the Washington State University research-grade Multi-Function Differential Spectroscopy Instrument instrument from 2007 to 2014 at seven sites with significant pressure (778 to 1013 hPa) and O2O2 profile-weighted temperature (247 to 275 K) differences. Aircraft MAX-DOAS measurements were conducted by the University of Colorado (CU) AMAX-DOAS instrument on 29 January 2012 over the Southern Hemispheric subtropical Pacific Ocean. Scattered solar radiance spectra were collected at altitudes between 9 and 13.2 km, with O2O2 profile-weighted temperatures of 231 to 244K and nearly pure Rayleigh scattering conditions. Due to the well-defined DS air-mass factors during ground-based measurements and extensively characterized atmospheric conditions during the aircraft AMAX-DOAS measurements, O2O2 "pseudo" absorption cross sections, sigma, are derived from the observed optical depths and estimated O2O2 column densities. Vertical O2O2 columns are calculated from the atmospheric sounding temperature, pressure and specific humidity profiles. Based on the ground-based atmospheric DS observations, there is no pressure dependence of the O2O2 sigma within the measurement errors (3 %). Two data sets are combined to derive the peak sigma temperature dependence of the 360 and 477 nm dimer absorption bands from 231 to 275 K. DS and AMAX-derived peak sigma (O2O2) as a function of T can be described by a quadratic function at 360 nm and linear function at 477 nm with about 9% +/- 2.5% per 44K rate. Recent laboratory-measured O2O2 cross sections by Thalman and Volkamer (2013) agree with these "DOAS apparent" peak sigma (O2O2) at 233, 253 and 273K within 3 %. Changes in the O2O2 spectral band shape at colder temperatures are observed for the first time in field data. Temperature effects on spectral band shapes can introduce errors in the retrieved O2O2 column abundances if a single room temperature sigma (O2O2) is used in the DOAS analysis. Simultaneous fitting of sigma (O2O2) at temperatures that bracket the ambient temperature range can reduce such errors. Our results show that laboratory-measured sigma (O2O2) (Hermans, 2011, at 296K and Thalman and Volkamer, 2013) are applicable for observations over a wide range of atmospheric conditions. Column densities derived using Hermans (2011) sigma at 296K require very small correction factors (0.94 +/- 0.02 at 231 K and 0.99 +/- 0.02 at 275 K) to reproduce theoretically calculated slant column densities for DS and AMAX-DOAS measurements. Simultaneous fitting of sigma (O2O2) at 203 and 293K further improved the results at UV and visible wave-lengths for AMAX-DOAS. C1 [Spinei, E.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Spinei, E.; Cede, A.; Herman, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cede, A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Herman, J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Catonsville, MD USA. [Spinei, E.; Mount, G. H.] Washington State Univ, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Eloranta, E.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Morley, B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Baidar, S.; Dix, B.; Ortega, I.; Koenig, T.; Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Baidar, S.; Ortega, I.; Koenig, T.; Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Spinei, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM espinei@wsu.edu RI Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; OI Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Herman, Jay/0000-0002-9146-1632 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX09AJ28G, NNG05GR56G]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1104104]; National Science Foundation; NSF Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) award [ATM-0847793]; ESRL/CIRES graduate fellowship; NASA graduate fellowship FX The WSU MFDOAS instrument development and deployment were supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration grants to Washington State University (NNX09AJ28G and NNG05GR56G). We thank the institutional support of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Table Mountain Facility (Stanley Sander et al.); University of Alaska in Fairbanks (William Simpson et al.); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Cabauw, Netherlands (CINDI organizers); University of Alabama in Huntsville (M. Newchurch et al.); and Dept. of Energy Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (Jim Mather et al.), where the various field measurements were made. Ozonesonde measurements were supported through NOAA.; The TORERO project is funded by the National Science Foundation AGS-1104104 (PI: R. Volkamer) awarded to CU. The involvement of the National Science Foundation-sponsored Lower Atmospheric Observing Facilities, managed and operated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research Earth Observing Laboratory, is acknowledged. RV acknowledges financial support from the NSF Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) award ATM-0847793 to develop the CU AMAX-DOAS instrument. SB is the recipient of a ESRL/CIRES graduate fellowship. IO is the recipient of a NASA graduate fellowship. The authors thank Brad Pierce for RAQMS model data used to constrain McArtim and Tim Deutschman for providing McArtim. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 2 BP 793 EP 809 DI 10.5194/amt-8-793-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CC7OR UT WOS:000350558300019 ER PT J AU Alvarado, MJ Payne, VH Cady-Pereira, KE Hegarty, JD Kulawik, SS Wecht, KJ Worden, JR Pittman, JV Wofsy, SC AF Alvarado, M. J. Payne, V. H. Cady-Pereira, K. E. Hegarty, J. D. Kulawik, S. S. Wecht, K. J. Worden, J. R. Pittman, J. V. Wofsy, S. C. TI Impacts of updated spectroscopy on thermal infrared retrievals of methane evaluated with HIPPO data SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; TRANSFER MODEL LBLRTM; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; GLOBAL OBSERVATIONS; CHEMICAL TRACERS; WATER-VAPOR; GEOS-CHEM; TES; SPACE; IASI AB Errors in the spectroscopic parameters used in the forward radiative transfer model can introduce spatially, temporally, and altitude-dependent biases in trace gas retrievals. For well-mixed trace gases such as methane, where the variability of tropospheric mixing ratios is relatively small, reducing such biases is particularly important. We use aircraft observations from all five missions of the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) of the Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases Study to evaluate the impact of updates to spectroscopic parameters for methane (CH4), water vapor (H2O), and nitrous oxide (N2O) on thermal infrared retrievals of methane from the NASA Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES). We find that updates to the spectroscopic parameters for CH4 result in a substantially smaller mean bias in the retrieved CH4 when compared with HIPPO observations. After an N2O-based correction, the bias in TES methane upper tropospheric representative values for measurements between 50 degrees S and 50 degrees N decreases from 56.9 to 25.7 ppbv, while the bias in the lower tropospheric representative value increases only slightly (from 27.3 to 28.4 ppbv). For retrievals with less than 1.6 degrees of freedom for signal (DOFS), the bias is reduced from 26.8 to 4.8 ppbv. We also find that updates to the spectroscopic parameters for N2O reduce the errors in the retrieved N2O profile. C1 [Alvarado, M. J.; Cady-Pereira, K. E.; Hegarty, J. D.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Payne, V. H.; Worden, J. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Kulawik, S. S.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. [Wecht, K. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pittman, J. V.; Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Alvarado, MJ (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM malvarad@aer.com RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 FU US National Science Foundation under the HIPPO Program; US National Science Foundation under NASA FX This research was supported by the US National Science Foundation under the HIPPO Program, and under NASA contracts to Atmospheric and Environmental Research (AER) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (JPL). We thank Eric A. Kort of the University of Michigan and all the other members of the HIPPO Science Team for their assistance with the data. NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 2 BP 965 EP 985 DI 10.5194/amt-8-965-2015 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CC7OR UT WOS:000350558300029 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A Marshall, HP Winstral, A Elder, K Yueh, S Cline, D AF Hedrick, A. Marshall, H. -P. Winstral, A. Elder, K. Yueh, S. Cline, D. TI Independent evaluation of the SNODAS snow depth product using regional-scale lidar-derived measurements SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WATER EQUIVALENT; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; AIRBORNE LIDAR; UPPER TREELINE; ARCTIC ALASKA; MODEL; COVER; WIND; USA; REDISTRIBUTION AB Repeated light detection and ranging (lidar) surveys are quickly becoming the de facto method for measuring spatial variability of montane snowpacks at high resolution. This study examines the potential of a 750 km(2) lidar-derived data set of snow depths, collected during the 2007 northern Colorado Cold Lands Processes Experiment (CLPX-2), as a validation source for an operational hydrologic snow model. The SNOw Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) model framework, operated by the US National Weather Service, combines a physically based energy-and-mass-balance snow model with satellite, airborne and automated ground-based observations to provide daily estimates of snowpack properties at nominally 1 km resolution over the conterminous United States. Independent validation data are scarce due to the assimilating nature of SNODAS, compelling the need for an independent validation data set with substantial geographic coverage. Within 12 distinctive 500 x 500m study areas located throughout the survey swath, ground crews performed approximately 600 manual snow depth measurements during each of the CLPX-2 lidar acquisitions. This supplied a data set for constraining the uncertainty of upscaled lidar estimates of snow depth at the 1 km SNODAS resolution, resulting in a root-mean-square difference of 13 cm. Upscaled lidar snow depths were then compared to the SNODAS estimates over the entire study area for the dates of the lidar flights. The remotely sensed snow depths provided a more spatially continuous comparison data set and agreed more closely to the model estimates than that of the in situ measurements alone. Finally, the results revealed three distinct areas where the differences between lidar observations and SNODAS estimates were most drastic, providing insight into the causal influences of natural processes on model uncertainty. C1 [Hedrick, A.; Marshall, H. -P.] Boise State Univ, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurface, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Hedrick, A.; Winstral, A.] ARS, USDA, Northwest Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Elder, K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Yueh, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cline, D.] NWS, NOAA, Hydrol Lab, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurface, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM hedrick.ars@gmail.com OI Hedrick, Andrew/0000-0001-9511-1341 FU NASA [NNX10AO02G, NNX10AN30A]; USDA-ARS CRIS [5362-13610-008-00D] FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to all the researchers involved in the intensive ground-based measurement campaign during CLPX-2. The CLPX-2 lidar data sets were archived and maintained by Fugro Horizons, Inc. Daily SNODAS model runs from 2003 to the present day are archived at the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colorado. This research was funded in part by NASA grant #NNX10AO02G (NASA New Investigator Program), NASA grant #NNX10AN30A (NASA EPSCoR Program), and the USDA-ARS CRIS Project 5362-13610-008-00D: "Understanding Snow and Hydrologic Processes in Mountainous Terrain with a Changing Climate". NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2015 VL 9 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.5194/tc-9-13-2015 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CC7NR UT WOS:000350555400002 ER PT J AU Schaefer, M Machguth, H Falvey, M Casassa, G Rignot, E AF Schaefer, M. Machguth, H. Falvey, M. Casassa, G. Rignot, E. TI Quantifying mass balance processes on the Southern Patagonia Icefield SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID NET ACCUMULATION RATES; GLACIAR JORGE MONTT; PIO-XI GLACIER; CHILEAN PATAGONIA; ICE-CORE; CALVING GLACIERS; MORENO GLACIER; PERITO MORENO; AMERICA; SATELLITE AB We present surface mass balance simulations of the Southern Patagonia Icefield (SPI) driven by downscaled reanalysis data. The simulations were evaluated and interpreted using geodetic mass balances, measured point balances and a complete velocity field of the icefield for spring 2004. The high measured accumulation of snow of up to 15.4m w.e. yr(-1) (meters water equivalent per year) as well as the high measured ablation of up to 11m w.e. yr(-1) is reproduced by the model. The overall modeled surface mass balance was positive and increasing during 1975-2011. Subtracting the surface mass balance from geodetic balances, calving fluxes were inferred. Mass losses of the SPI due to calving were strongly increasing from 1975-2000 to 2000-2011 and higher than losses due to surface melt. Calving fluxes were inferred for the individual glacier catchments and compared to fluxes estimated from velocity data. Measurements of ice thickness and flow velocities at the glaciers' front and spatially distributed accumulation measurements can help to reduce the uncertainties of the different terms in the mass balance of the Southern Patagonia Icefield. C1 [Schaefer, M.] Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ciencias Fis & Matemat, Valdivia, Chile. [Schaefer, M.] Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ciencias Marinas & Limnol, Valdivia, Chile. [Machguth, H.] Tech Univ Denmark, Arctic Technol Ctr, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Falvey, M.] Univ Chile, Dept Geophys, Santiago, Chile. [Casassa, G.] Geoestudios, Las Vertientes, San Jose De Mai, Chile. [Casassa, G.] Univ Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile. [Rignot, E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Rignot, E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. RP Schaefer, M (reprint author), Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ciencias Fis & Matemat, Valdivia, Chile. EM mschaefer@uach.cl RI Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014 OI Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481 FU FONDECYT [3140135]; European Union [226375] FX The authors would like to thank the Chilean Weather Service (DMC) and the Chilean Water Directory (DGA) for providing meteorological data, Andres Rivera for sharing the data of his PhD thesis, Mike Willis for sharing the glacier outlines used in his work and anticipating his unpublished velocity data, Hernan De Angelis and Martin Stuefer for sharing their mass balance profile data electronically and the Chilean Navy Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHOA) for providing bathymetric data for the Patagonian fjords. We would like to thank Mauricio Pelto, Helmut Rott and an anonymous reviewer, whose comments helped to significantly improve the manuscript. M. Schaefer is FONDECYT Postdoc Fellow (project no. 3140135). This work was partly supported by funding from the ice2sea programme from the European Union 7th Framework Programme, grant no. 226375. Ice2sea contribution no. 168. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2015 VL 9 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.5194/tc-9-25-2015 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CC7NR UT WOS:000350555400003 ER PT J AU Luthi, MP Ryser, C Andrews, LC Catania, GA Funk, M Hawley, RL Hoffman, MJ Neumann, TA AF Luethi, M. P. Ryser, C. Andrews, L. C. Catania, G. A. Funk, M. Hawley, R. L. Hoffman, M. J. Neumann, T. A. TI Heat sources within the Greenland Ice Sheet: dissipation, temperate paleo-firn and cryo-hydrologic warming SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ABLATION ZONE; WEST GREENLAND; FAST-FLOW; JAKOBSHAVNS-ISBRAE; DARK REGION; MECHANISMS; DEFORMATION; BOREHOLES; MOTION; LEVEL AB Ice temperature profiles from the Greenland Ice Sheet contain information on the deformation history, past climates and recent warming. We present full-depth temperature profiles from two drill sites on a flow line passing through Swiss Camp, West Greenland. Numerical modeling reveals that ice temperatures are considerably higher than would be expected from heat diffusion and dissipation alone. The possible causes for this extra heat are evaluated using a Lagrangian heat flow model. The model results reveal that the observations can be explained with a combination of different processes: enhanced dissipation (strain heating) in ice-age ice, temperate paleo-firn, and cryo-hydrologic warming in deep crevasses. C1 [Luethi, M. P.; Ryser, C.; Funk, M.] ETH, Versuchsanstalt Wasserbau Hydrol & Glaziol VAW, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Andrews, L. C.; Catania, G. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Andrews, L. C.; Catania, G. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Hawley, R. L.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Hoffman, M. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam & Solid Mech Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Neumann, T. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Luthi, MP (reprint author), ETH, Versuchsanstalt Wasserbau Hydrol & Glaziol VAW, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM martin.luethi@geo.uzh.ch RI Catania, Ginny/B-9787-2008; Neumann, Thomas/D-5264-2012; Andrews, Lauren/D-8274-2017; OI Andrews, Lauren/0000-0003-3727-4737; Luthi, Martin Peter/0000-0003-4419-8496 FU Swiss National Science Foundation [200021_127197]; US-NSF [OPP 0908156, OPP 0909454, ANT-0424589]; NASA within the US Department of Energy Office of Science FX This project was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation Grant 200021_127197, US-NSF Grants OPP 0908156, OPP 0909454 and ANT-0424589 (to CReSIS), NASA Cryospheric Sciences, and Climate Modeling Programs within the US Department of Energy Office of Science. Logistical support was provided by CH2MHill Polar Services. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2015 VL 9 IS 1 BP 245 EP 253 DI 10.5194/tc-9-245-2015 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CC7NR UT WOS:000350555400018 ER PT J AU Arumugam, DD AF Arumugam, Darmindra D. TI Decoupled Range and Orientation Sensing in Long-Range Magnetoquasistatic Positioning SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic fields; magnetoquasistatics; radio position measurement ID COMPLEX IMAGE THEORY AB A technique using magnetoquasistatic fields has been shown to enable accurate ranging in non-line-of-sight environments. Due to the nonlinear field coupling equations, the technique suffers when extended to 2-D and 3-D due to the coupling of range and orientation errors combined with the nonlinear convergence of the solution. Using a 2-axis transmit receive concept, a theory is presented to decouple range and orientation. The results are linear orientation-invariant ranging and linear range-invariant orientation sensing. Measurements inverted using the decoupled equations demonstrate peak orientation-invariant range errors of 0.2-0.4 m for a range of up to over 40 m, and peak range-invariant orientation errors of 1 degrees-7 degrees. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Arumugam, DD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM darmindra.d.arumugam@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 EI 1548-5757 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2015 VL 14 BP 654 EP 657 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2014.2375873 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CD2CW UT WOS:000350882600010 ER PT J AU Johnston, CO Brandis, AM AF Johnston, Christopher O. Brandis, Aaron M. TI Features of Afterbody Radiative Heating for Earth Entry SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID LUNAR-RETURN CONDITIONS; SHOCK-LAYER RADIATION; TEMPERATURES; UNCERTAINTY; NITROGEN; CAPSULE; REENTRY; FLOWS AB Radiative heating is identified as a major contributor to afterbody heating for Earth entry capsules at velocities above 10km/s. Because of rate-limited electron-ion recombination processes, many of the electronically excited N and O atoms produced in the high-temperature/pressure forebody remain as they expand into the afterbody region, which results in significant afterbody radiation. Large radiative heating sensitivities to electron-impact ionization rates and escape factors are identified. Ablation products from a forebody ablator are shown to increase the afterbody radiation by nearly 40%, due to the influence of CO on the vibrational-electronic temperature. The tangent-slab radiation transport approach is shown to overpredict the radiative flux by as much as 50% in the afterbody, therefore making the more computationally expensive ray-tracing approach necessary for accurate radiative flux predictions. For the Stardust entry, the afterbody radiation is predicted to be nearly twice as large as the convective heating during the peak heating phase of the trajectory. Comparisons between simulations and the Stardust Echelle observation measurements, which are shown to be dominated by afterbody emission, indicate agreement within 20% for various N and O lines. Similarly, calorimeter measurements from the Fire II experiment are identified as a source of validation data for afterbody radiation. For the afterbody calorimeter measurement closest to the forebody, which experiences the largest afterbody radiative heating component, the fully catalytic convective heating prediction alone is shown to underpredict the measurement by up to 60%. Agreement with the measurements is improved to within 20% with the addition of afterbody radiation. These comparisons with Stardust and Fire II measurements confirm that afterbody radiation is a valid heating mechanism that requires consideration in future vehicle designs. C1 [Johnston, Christopher O.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Brandis, Aaron M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ERC Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Johnston, CO (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. FU NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate Entry Systems and Modeling project FX The present work was funded by the NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate Entry Systems and Modeling project, with tasks leads Michael Wright and Michael Barnhardt. The authors would like to thank Victor Lessard for providing the grids and Jarvis Songer at Lockheed Martin and Todd White at ERC, Inc. at NASA Ames for identifying afterbody radiation as a potential problem for Stardust-like conditions. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 52 IS 1 BP 105 EP 119 DI 10.2514/1.A33084 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CD2CP UT WOS:000350881800010 ER PT J AU Chen, YK Gokcen, T Edquist, KT AF Chen, Yih-Kanq Goekcen, Tahir Edquist, Karl T. TI Two-Dimensional Ablation and Thermal Response Analyses for Mars Science Laboratory Heat Shield SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB This paper examines transient simulations performed to predict in-depth thermal response and surface recession of the proposed heat shield material for the Mars Science Laboratory entry capsule, that is, phenolic impregnated carbon ablator. The finite volume material response code used in this paper solves the time-dependent governing equations, including energy conservation and a three-component decomposition model, with a surface energy-balance condition and a moving grid system to predict shape change due to surface recession. The predicted in-depth thermal response of heat shield material generally agrees well with the thermocouple data under various arcjet conditions. Also, two-dimensional computations using aerothermal environment for Mars entry (derived from a proposed three-sigma trajectory) are performed around the heat shield shoulder region, where high heating occurs as the result of angle of attack. Parametric studies are conducted to examine the effects of carbon-fiber orientation, material properties, and surface recession on heat shield bondline temperature history. It is proved that the fiber orientation configuration of the baseline heat shield has the lowest maximum bondline temperature. C1 [Chen, Yih-Kanq; Goekcen, Tahir] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Thermal Protect Mat Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Edquist, Karl T.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Explorat Syst Anal Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Chen, YK (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Thermal Protect Mat Branch, Mail Stop 234-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. FU NASA Mars Science Laboratory project; NASA Ames Space Technology Division [NNA04BC25C] FX This work was funded by the NASA Mars Science Laboratory project. The support from NASA Ames Space Technology Division through contract NNA04BC25C to ELORET Corporation is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank Dave Driver for facility and thermocouple data. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 52 IS 1 BP 134 EP 143 DI 10.2514/1.A32868 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CD2CP UT WOS:000350881800012 ER PT J AU Goldman, BD Dowell, EH Scott, RC AF Goldman, Benjamin D. Dowell, Earl H. Scott, Robert C. TI Aeroelastic Stability of Thermal Protection System for Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID SUPERSONIC FLUTTER; PANEL-FLUTTER; SHELLS AB A theoretical aeroelastic stability analysis has been performed on the flexible thermal protection system for an inflatable aerodynamic decelerator. Structural models consist of one or more truncated conical shells of the Donnell type, which may be elastically supported along the middle surface. The aerodynamic model is first-order piston theory. The Lagrangian of the system is formulated in terms of the generalized coordinates for all shell displacements, and the Rayleigh-Ritz method is used to derive the equations of motion. The aeroelastic stability boundaries and mode shapes are found by calculating the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a large coefficient matrix. When the thermal protection system is approximated as a single conical shell, circumferentially asymmetric coalescence flutter between the second and third axial modes is observed. When many circumferential elastic supports are included, the shell flutters symmetrically in zero circumferential waves, with the first, second, and third axial modes being the most critical. In this case, the flutter boundary, flutter mechanism, and critical modes may change significantly with the addition of structural damping. Aeroelastic models that consider the thermal protection system as multiple interacting shells tend to flutter asymmetrically at high dynamic pressures relative to the single shell models, with higher axial modes being more critical. It is also found that tension applied at the shell edges, orthotropicity, and elastic support stiffness are important parameters that can dramatically affect the shell's flutter behavior. C1 [Goldman, Benjamin D.; Dowell, Earl H.] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Scott, Robert C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeroelast Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Goldman, BD (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 52 IS 1 BP 144 EP 156 DI 10.2514/1.A33001 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CD2CP UT WOS:000350881800013 ER PT J AU Decker, RK Barbre, RE AF Decker, Ryan K. Barbre, Robert E., Jr. TI Temporal Wind Pairs for Space Launch Vehicle Capability Assessment and Risk Mitigation SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID PROFILES AB Space launch vehicles incorporate upper-level wind assessments to determine wind effects on the vehicle and for a commit-to-launch decision. These assessments make use of wind profiles measured hours before launch and may not represent the actual wind the vehicle will fly through. Uncertainty in the winds over the time period between the assessment and launch introduces uncertainty in assessment of vehicle controllability and structural integrity that must be accounted for to ensure launch safety. Temporal wind pairs are used in engineering development of allowances to mitigate uncertainty. Five sets of temporal wind pairs at various times (0.75, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 h) at the United States Air Force Eastern Range and Western Range, as well as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Wallops Flight Facility, are developed for use in upper-level wind assessments on vehicle performance. Historical databases are compiled from balloon-based and vertically pointing Doppler radar wind profiler systems. Various automated and manual quality control procedures are used to remove unacceptable profiles. Statistical analyses on the resultant wind pairs from each site are performed to determine if the observed extreme wind changes in the sample pairs are representative of extreme temporal wind change. Wind change samples in the Eastern Range and Western Range databases characterize extreme wind change. However, the small sample sizes in the Wallops Flight Facility databases yield low confidence that the sample population characterizes extreme wind change that could occur. C1 [Decker, Ryan K.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Flight Vehicle Atmospher Environm, Nat Environm Branch EV44, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Barbre, Robert E., Jr.] Jacobs, Nat Environm, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Decker, RK (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Flight Vehicle Atmospher Environm, Nat Environm Branch EV44, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM ryan.k.decker@nasa.gov FU NASA's Launch Services Program office FX Thanks to NASA's Launch Services Program office for sponsoring the study, the staff at NASA's Applied Meteorology Unit for providing technical review, and members of the MSFC Natural Environments Branch for the technical discussions on wind statistics and spectral analysis. Mr. Tyler Brock from USAF provided the Vandenberg Air Force Base rawinsonde data. Mr. Brian Cunningham from LIT and Associated, Inc., provided the Wallops Flight Facility rawinsonde data and answered questions relating to timestamp discrepancies. Mr. Matt McClelland from United Launch Alliance provided additional Vandenberg Air Force Base Jimsphere and rawinsonde data. Dr. Brian Sako from Aerospace Corp. provided additional Vandenberg Air Force Base Jimsphere data. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 52 IS 1 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.2514/1.A33000 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CD2CP UT WOS:000350881800019 ER PT J AU Combs, CS Clemens, NT Danehy, PM Bathel, B Parker, R Wadhams, T Holden, M Kirk, B AF Combs, C. S. Clemens, N. T. Danehy, P. M. Bathel, B. Parker, R. Wadhams, T. Holden, M. Kirk, B. TI Fluorescence Imaging of Reaction Control Jets and Backshell Aeroheating of Orion Capsule SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; VISUALIZATION; VEHICLE; FLOW AB Planar laser-induced fluorescence of nitric oxide was used to visualize the interaction of reaction control system jet flows on the afterbody of a hypersonic capsule reentry vehicle at the Calspan-University at Buffalo Research Center's Large Energy National Shock Tunnel I reflected shock tunnel facility. The interaction of pitch and roll jets with the flowfield was investigated. Additionally, thin-film sensors were used to monitor heat transfer on the surface of the model to detect localized heating resulting from the firing of the reaction control system jets. Visualizations of the capsule shear layer using both planar laser-induced fluorescence and schlieren imaging compared favorably. The structure of the roll jet was found to be significantly altered due to interactions with the flowfield. Additionally, the presence of the roll jet appeared to change the nature of the shear layer from steady laminar to unsteady. The pitch jet structure was only disturbed in the far field. Comparison of the planar laser-induced fluorescence jet-fluid visualizations and the surface heat flux distributions indicate that the regions of enhanced aeroheating are not caused by the jet fluid itself impinging on the surface, but rather by the presence of jet-induced horseshoe vortices and shock wave/boundary-layer interactions. C1 [Combs, C. S.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Clemens, N. T.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Danehy, P. M.; Bathel, B.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Adv Sensing & Opt Measurement Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Parker, R.; Wadhams, T.; Holden, M.] Calspan Univ Buffalo, Res Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14225 USA. [Kirk, B.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Combs, CS (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. FU NASA Office of the Chief Technologist's Space Technology Research Fellowship Grant [NNX11AN55H]; NASA's Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle Aeroscience Program from NASA Langley Research Center; NASA Johnson Space Center FX This work was supported by a NASA Office of the Chief Technologist's Space Technology Research Fellowship Grant (NNX11AN55H). The work was also supported by NASA's Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle Aeroscience Program from NASA Langley Research Center and NASA Johnson Space Center. The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution to this project from the Calspan-University at Buffalo Research Center's technicians and engineers. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 52 IS 1 BP 243 EP 252 DI 10.2514/1.A32946 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CD2CP UT WOS:000350881800022 ER PT J AU Guruswamy, G AF Guruswamy, Guru TI Navier-Stokes-Equations-Based Computations of Launch Vehicles Experiencing Forced Coupled Oscillations SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Fundamental Modeling & Simulat Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Guruswamy, G (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Fundamental Modeling & Simulat Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 52 IS 1 BP 299 EP U6 DI 10.2514/1.A33065 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CD2CP UT WOS:000350881800028 ER PT S AU Soibel, A Hill, CJ Keo, SA Hoglund, L Ting, DZY Gunapala, SD AF Soibel, Alexander Hill, Cory J. Keo, Sam A. Hoglund, Linda Ting, David Z. -Y. Gunapala, Sarath D. BE Razeghi, M Tournie, E Brown, GJ TI Room temperature performance of Mid-Wavelength Infrared InAsSb nBn detectors SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices XII CY FEB 08-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID DESIGN AB In this work we investigate the high temperature performance of mid-wavelength infrared InAsSb-AlAsSb nBn detectors with cut-off wavelengths near 4.5 mu m. The quantum efficiency of these devices is 35% without antireflection coatings and does not change with temperature in the 77 - 325K temperature range, indicating potential for room temperature operation. The device dark current stays diffusion limited in the 150K-325K temperature range and becomes dominated by generation-recombination processes at lower temperatures. Detector detectivities of D*(lambda) = 1x10(9) (cm Hz(0.5)/W) at T = 300K and D*(lambda) = 5x10(9) (cm Hz(0.5)/W) at T = 250K, which is easily achievable with a one stage TE cooler. C1 [Soibel, Alexander; Hill, Cory J.; Keo, Sam A.; Hoglund, Linda; Ting, David Z. -Y.; Gunapala, Sarath D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91030 USA. RP Soibel, A (reprint author), JPL, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 302-205, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-460-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9370 AR 93700M DI 10.1117/12.2075771 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC1NA UT WOS:000350275500014 ER PT S AU Gu, Y Wang, CL Ma, J Nemiroff, RJ Kao, DL AF Gu, Yi Wang, Chaoli Ma, Jun Nemiroff, Robert J. Kao, David L. BE Kao, DL Hao, MC Livingston, MA Wischgoll, T TI iGraph: A Graph-Based Technique for Visual Analytics of Image and Text Collections SO VISUALIZATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual IS and T/SPIE Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis (VDA) CY FEB 09-11, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE, Kitware Inc DE large image and text collection; graph layout; progressive drawing; node comparison; visual recommendation ID INFORMATION VISUALIZATION; NAVIGATION AB In our daily lives, images and texts are among the most commonly found data which we need to handle. We present iGraph, a graph-based approach for visual analytics of large image and text collections. Given such a collection, we compute the similarity between images, the distance between texts, and the connection between image and text to construct iGraph, a compound graph representation which encodes the underlying relationships among these images and texts. To enable effective visual navigation and comprehension of iGraph with tens of thousands of nodes and hundreds of millions of edges, we present a progressive solution that offers collection overview, node comparison, and visual recommendation. Our solution not only allows users to explore the entire collection with representative images and keywords, but also supports detailed comparison for understanding and intuitive guidance for navigation. For performance speedup, multiple GPUs and CPUs are utilized for processing and visualization in parallel. We experiment with two image and text collections and leverage a cluster driving a display wall of nearly 50 million pixels. We show the effectiveness of our approach by demonstrating experimental results and conducting a user study. C1 [Gu, Yi; Wang, Chaoli] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Ma, Jun] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Nemiroff, Robert J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Kao, David L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Wang, CL (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM ygu5@nd.edu; chaoli.wang@nd.edu; jumn@mtu.edu; nemiroff@mtu.edu; david.l.kao@nasa.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-487-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9397 AR 939708 DI 10.1117/12.2074198 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BC1NC UT WOS:000350276200007 ER PT S AU Kolano, PZ AF Kolano, Paul Z. BE Kao, DL Hao, MC Livingston, MA Wischgoll, T TI Time-Synchronized Visualization of Arbitrary Data Streams SO VISUALIZATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual IS and T/SPIE Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis (VDA) CY FEB 09-11, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE, Kitware Inc DE visualization; time synchronization; parallel data streams; data analysis; system monitoring AB Savors is a visualization framework that supports the ingestion of data streams created by arbitrary command pipelines. Multiple data streams can be shown synchronized by time in the same or different views, which can be arranged in any layout. These capabilities combined with a powerful parallelization mechanism and interaction models already familiar to administrators allows Savors to display complex visualizations of data streamed from many different systems with minimal effort. This paper presents the design and implementation of Savors and provides example use cases that illustrate many of the supported visualization types. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Supercomp Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kolano, PZ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Supercomp Div, M-S 258-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM paul.kolano@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-487-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9397 AR 93970P DI 10.1117/12.2083256 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BC1NC UT WOS:000350276200024 ER PT J AU Krysztofiak, G Te, YV Catoire, V Berthet, G Toon, GC Jegou, F Jeseck, P Robert, C AF Krysztofiak, Gisele Te, Yao Veng Catoire, Valery Berthet, Gwenael Toon, Geoffrey C. Jegou, Fabrice Jeseck, Pascal Robert, Claude TI Carbonyl Sulphide (OCS) Variability with Latitude in the Atmosphere SO ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Quadrennial Ozone Symposium (QOS) CY AUG, 2012 CL Toronto, CANADA DE stratosphere; carbonyl sulphide; aerosol precursor; balloon-borne; ground-based; in situ; infrared spectrometry; atmospheric lifetime ID STRATOSPHERIC SULFATE AEROSOL; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS VOCS; SULFUR EMISSIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; LAYER; IMPACT; SPECTROMETERS; DISTRIBUTIONS; ATLANTIC; BUDGET AB Carbonyl sulphide (OCS) is an important precursor of sulphate aerosols and consequently a key species in stratospheric ozone depletion. The SPectrometre InfraRouge d'Absorption a Lasers Embarques (SPIRALE) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) balloon-borne instruments have flown in the tropics and in the polar Arctic, and ground-based measurements have been performed by the Qualite de l'Air (QualAir) Fourier Transform Spectrometer in Paris. Partial and total columns and vertical profiles have been obtained to study OCS variability with altitude, latitude, and season. The annual total column variation in Paris reveals a seasonal variation with a maximum in April-June and a minimum in November-January. Total column measurements above Paris and from SWIR balloon-borne instrument are compared with several MkIV measurements, several Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) stations, aircraft, ship, and balloon measurements to highlight the OCS total column decrease from tropical to polar latitudes. OCS high-resolution in situ vertical profiles have been measured for the first time in the altitude range between 14 and 30 km at tropical and polar latitudes. OCS profiles are compared with Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite measurements and show good agreement. Using the correlation between OCS and N2O from SPIRALE, the OCS stratospheric lifetime has been accurately determined. We find a stratospheric lifetime of 68 +/- 20 years at polar latitudes and 58 +/- 14 years at tropical latitudes leading to a global stratospheric sink of 49 +/- 14 Gg S y(-1). C1 [Krysztofiak, Gisele; Catoire, Valery; Berthet, Gwenael; Jegou, Fabrice; Robert, Claude] Univ Orleans, CNRS, LPC2E, UMR 7328, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. [Te, Yao Veng; Jeseck, Pascal] Univ Paris 06, IPSL, CNRS, LPMAA,UMR 7092, F-75005 Paris, France. [Toon, Geoffrey C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Catoire, V (reprint author), Univ Orleans, CNRS, LPC2E, UMR 7328, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. EM Valery.Catoire@cnrs-orleans.fr RI Catoire, Valery/E-9662-2015 OI Catoire, Valery/0000-0001-8126-3096 NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 29 PU CMOS-SCMO PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3211, STATION D, OTTAWA, ON K1P 6H7, CANADA SN 0705-5900 EI 1480-9214 J9 ATMOS OCEAN JI Atmos.-Ocean PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1080/07055900.2013.876609 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA CC4ER UT WOS:000350304200011 ER PT J AU Tangborn, A Kuang, WJ AF Tangborn, Andrew Kuang, Weijia TI Geodynamo model and error parameter estimation using geomagnetic data assimilation SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Numerical solutions; Inverse theory; Dynamo: theories and simulations ID ROTATING SPHERICAL-SHELL; CONDUCTING INNER-CORE; SECULAR VARIATION; SURFACE OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MHD SYSTEM; DYNAMO; WEATHER; CONVECTION; GENERATION AB We have developed a new geomagnetic data assimilation approach which uses the minimum variance' estimate for the analysis state, and which models both the forecast (or model output) and observation errors using an empirical approach and parameter tuning. This system is used in a series of assimilation experiments using Gauss coefficients (hereafter referred to as observational data) from the GUFM1 and CM4 field models for the years 1590-1990. We show that this assimilation system could be used to improve our knowledge of model parameters, model errors and the dynamical consistency of observation errors, by comparing forecasts of the magnetic field with the observations every 20 yr. Statistics of differences between observation and forecast (O - F) are used to determine how forecast accuracy depends on the Rayleigh number, forecast error correlation length scale and an observation error scale factor. Experiments have been carried out which demonstrate that a Rayleigh number of 30 times the critical Rayleigh number produces better geomagnetic forecasts than lower values, with an Ekman number of E = 1.25 x 10(-6), which produces a modified magnetic Reynolds number within the parameter domain with an 'Earth like' geodynamo. The optimal forecast error correlation length scale is found to be around 90 per cent of the thickness of the outer core, indicating a significant bias in the forecasts. Geomagnetic forecasts are also found to be highly sensitive to estimates of modelled observation errors: Errors that are too small do not lead to the gradual reduction in forecast error with time that is generally expected in a data assimilation system while observation errors that are too large lead to model divergence. Finally, we show that assimilation of L <= 3 (or large scale) gauss coefficients can help to improve forecasts of the L > 5 (smaller scale) coefficients, and that these improvements are the result of corrections to the velocity field in the geodynamo model. C1 [Tangborn, Andrew] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Sci Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Kuang, Weijia] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Geodesy Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tangborn, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Sci Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM tangborn@umbc.edu RI Kuang, Weijia/K-5141-2012 OI Kuang, Weijia/0000-0001-7786-6425 FU NSF [EAR-0757880]; NASA Earth Surface and Interiors program [NNX09AK 70G] FX This work was funded by grants from NSF (EAR-0757880) and the NASA Earth Surface and Interiors program (NNX09AK 70G). NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 200 IS 1 BP 664 EP 675 DI 10.1093/gji/ggu409 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CC0QU UT WOS:000350041600049 ER PT J AU Elliott, J Muller, C Deryng, D Chryssanthacopoulos, J Boote, KJ Buchner, M Foster, I Glotter, M Heinke, J Iizumi, T Izaurralde, RC Mueller, ND Ray, DK Rosenzweig, C Ruane, AC Sheffield, J AF Elliott, J. Mueller, C. Deryng, D. Chryssanthacopoulos, J. Boote, K. J. Buechner, M. Foster, I. Glotter, M. Heinke, J. Iizumi, T. Izaurralde, R. C. Mueller, N. D. Ray, D. K. Rosenzweig, C. Ruane, A. C. Sheffield, J. TI The Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison: data and modeling protocols for Phase 1 (v1.0) SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SYSTEMS SIMULATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; WATER; CARBON; YIELD; AGRICULTURE; PATTERNS; GROWTH AB We present protocols and input data for Phase 1 of the Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison, a project of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP). The project includes global simulations of yields, phenologies, and many land-surface fluxes using 12-15 modeling groups for many crops, climate forcing data sets, and scenarios over the historical period from 1948 to 2012. The primary outcomes of the project include (1) a detailed comparison of the major differences and similarities among global models commonly used for large-scale climate impact assessment, (2) an evaluation of model and ensemble hindcasting skill, (3) quantification of key uncertainties from climate input data, model choice, and other sources, and (4) a multi-model analysis of the agricultural impacts of large-scale climate extremes from the historical record. C1 [Elliott, J.; Foster, I.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Elliott, J.; Foster, I.] Argonne Natl Lab, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL USA. [Mueller, C.; Buechner, M.; Heinke, J.] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Potsdam, Germany. [Deryng, D.] Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Chryssanthacopoulos, J.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Boote, K. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Glotter, M.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Heinke, J.] Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. [Iizumi, T.] Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Izaurralde, R. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mueller, N. D.] Harvard Univ, Ctr Environm, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ray, D. K.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Rosenzweig, C.; Ruane, A. C.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Sheffield, J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Heinke, J.] CSIRO, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. RP Elliott, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM jelliott@ci.uchicago.edu; cmueller@pik-potsdam.de RI Mueller, Christoph/E-4812-2016; Deryng, Delphine/F-7417-2010; OI Mueller, Christoph/0000-0002-9491-3550; Deryng, Delphine/0000-0001-6214-7241; Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 FU National Science Foundation [SBE-0951576, GEO-1215910]; KULUNDA project [01LL0905L]; FACCE MACSUR project through the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [031A103B] FX J. Elliott acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation under grants SBE-0951576 and GEO-1215910. C. Muller acknowledges financial support from the KULUNDA project (01LL0905L) and the FACCE MACSUR project (031A103B) funded through the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Computing and data resources provided through the University of Chicago Research Computing Center. NR 58 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 33 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 2 BP 261 EP 277 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-261-2015 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CC7OM UT WOS:000350557800008 ER PT J AU Berg, LK Shrivastava, M Easter, RC Fast, JD Chapman, EG Liu, Y Ferrare, RA AF Berg, L. K. Shrivastava, M. Easter, R. C. Fast, J. D. Chapman, E. G. Liu, Y. Ferrare, R. A. TI A new WRF-Chem treatment for studying regional-scale impacts of cloud processes on aerosol and trace gases in parameterized cumuli SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID MODELING ORGANIC AEROSOLS; BASIS-SET APPROACH; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; RADIATIVE IMPACT; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; NUMERICAL-MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR-QUALITY; WEATHER; PRECIPITATION AB A new treatment of cloud effects on aerosol and trace gases within parameterized shallow and deep convection, and aerosol effects on cloud droplet number, has been implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) version 3.2.1 that can be used to better understand the aerosol life cycle over regional to synoptic scales. The modifications to the model include treatment of the cloud droplet number mixing ratio; key cloud microphysical and macrophysical parameters (including the updraft fractional area, updraft and downdraft mass fluxes, and entrainment) averaged over the population of shallow clouds, or a single deep convective cloud; and vertical transport, activation/resuspension, aqueous chemistry, and wet removal of aerosol and trace gases in warm clouds. These changes have been implemented in both the WRF-Chem chemistry packages as well as the Kain Fritsch (KF) cumulus parameterization that has been modified to better represent shallow convective clouds. Testing of the modified WRF-Chem has been completed using observations from the Cumulus Humilis Aerosol Processing Study (CHAPS). The simulation results are used to investigate the impact of cloud aerosol interactions on regional-scale transport of black carbon (BC), organic aerosol (OA), and sulfate aerosol. Based on the simulations presented here, changes in the columnintegrated BC can be as large as 50% when cloud aerosol interactions are considered (due largely to wet removal), or as large as +40 % for sulfate under non-precipitating conditions due to sulfate production in the parameterized clouds. The modifications to WRF-Chem are found to account for changes in the cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) and changes in the chemical composition of cloud droplet residuals in a way that is consistent with observations collected during CHAPS. Efforts are currently underway to port the changes described here to the latest version of WRFChem, and it is anticipated that they will be included in a future public release of WRF-Chem. C1 [Berg, L. K.; Shrivastava, M.; Easter, R. C.; Fast, J. D.; Chapman, E. G.; Liu, Y.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ferrare, R. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Berg, LK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM larry.berg@pnnl.gov RI Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016 OI Berg, Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492 FU Office of Science of the US Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program; NASA Science Mission Directorate; Department of Energy ASR program; NASA CALIPSO project; [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. The funding for the B200 and HSRL operations came from the NASA Science Mission Directorate, the Department of Energy ASR program, and the NASA CALIPSO project. The authors would also like to thank the NASA Langley King Air B-200 and DOE G-1 flight crews for their outstanding work in supporting these flights and measurements. J. Ogren of NOAA and E. Andrews of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) deployed the CVI during CHAPS. Data from the AMS were collected by Y.-N. Lee of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), M. L. Alexander of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and J. Jayne of Aerodyne. Size distribution data were provided by G. Senum of BNL. G. Grell (NOAA) and R. Leung (PNNL) provided feedback on various aspects of the manuscript. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for valuable feedback on the manuscript. NR 80 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 2 BP 409 EP 429 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-409-2015 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CC7OM UT WOS:000350557800015 ER PT J AU Hurst, TP Cooper, DW Duffy-Anderson, JT Farley, EV AF Hurst, Thomas P. Cooper, Daniel W. Duffy-Anderson, Janet T. Farley, Edward V. TI Contrasting coastal and shelf nursery habitats of Pacific cod in the southeastern Bering Sea SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; habitat; juvenile; nursery; pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus ID NORTHERN ROCK SOLE; STAFF BEAM TRAWL; GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS; LEPIDOPSETTA-POLYXYSTRA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; LIFE-HISTORY; JUVENILE COD; ALASKA; FISH; PATTERNS AB Shallow, subtidal waters of coastal embayments are the primary nursery habitats of juvenile Pacific cod through much of their range. However, the importance of these habitats to the Bering Sea population is poorly understood as the Bering Sea offers relatively little of this habitat. In this study, we examined the use of demersal and pelagic habitats in the southeast Bering Sea by age-0 Pacific cod. In 4 years of demersal beam trawling on the shelf at depths of 20-146 m, fish were most abundant along the Alaska Peninsula (AKP) at depths to 50 m. In addition, 1 year of spatially intensive beam trawl sampling was conducted at depths of 5-30 m in a nearshore focal area along the central AKP. In this survey, age-0 cod were more abundant along the open coastline than they were in two coastal embayments, counter to patterns observed in the Gulf of Alaska. Demersal sampling in 2012 was conducted synoptically with surveys of surface and subsurface waters over the continental shelf. Age-0 cod were captured in pelagic waters over the middle and outer shelf, with maximum catches occurring over depths of 60-80 m. The similar size distributions of fish in coastal-demersal and shelf-surface habitats and the proximity of concentrations in the two habitat types suggests that habitat use in the Bering Sea occurs along a gradient from coastal to pelagic. While capture efficiencies may differ among trawl types, trawl-based estimates of age-0 cod density in demersal waters along the AKP was 10 times that observed in the highest density pelagic-shelf habitats, demonstrating the importance of coastal nursery habitats in this population. Despite representing a much smaller habitat area, the coastal waters along the AKP appear an important nursery area and support a significant fraction of the age-0 Pacific cod in the Bering Sea. C1 [Hurst, Thomas P.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Hatfield, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Cooper, Daniel W.; Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.] NOAA, Recruitment Proc Program, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Farley, Edward V.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Hurst, TP (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Hatfield, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM thomas.hurst@noaa.gov FU NMFS Alaska Regional Office; NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystems Productivity Program FX We thank A. Stoner and the crews of the FV Bountiful and NOAA Oscar Dyson and Miller Freeman for sampling assistance. M. Briski, and the staff of Peter Pan Seafoods, and R. Murphy of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game provided logistical assistance with sampling in the nearshore focal area. C. Hines and M. Ottmar provided laboratory assistance and M. Spencer prepared maps. This project was supported by a grant for Essential Fish Habitat Research from the NMFS Alaska Regional Office and by NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystems Productivity Program. B. Laurel, C. Ryer, J. Miller, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on this manuscript. This is contribution EcoFOCI-N810 to NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity research program. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 72 IS 2 BP 515 EP 527 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu141 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CC2DC UT WOS:000350154300019 ER PT J AU Schlegel, NJ Larour, E Seroussi, H Morlighem, M Box, JE AF Schlegel, N-J. Larour, E. Seroussi, H. Morlighem, M. Box, J. E. TI Ice discharge uncertainties in Northeast Greenland from boundary conditions and climate forcing of an ice flow model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE uncertainty; ice stream; ice flow; mass flux; ice discharge ID MASS-LOSS; HEAT-FLUX; SHEET; ACCELERATION; GLACIER; STREAM; CORE; INSTABILITY; ANTARCTICA; RETENTION AB In order to understand ice sheet response to climate change, it is critical to examine errors associated with ice flow model boundary conditions and forcing. It is also important to understand how these errors propagate through numerical ice sheet models and contribute to uncertainty in model output. Using established uncertainty quantification methods within the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM), we investigate the sensitivity of ice flow within the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) to key fields, including ice viscosity and basal drag, and compare them with model sensitivity to climate forcing. In addition, we examine how errors in model input manifest as mass flux uncertainties during a forward simulation of the NEGIS from 1989 to 2010. Overall, we find that mass flux is most uncertain in the main outlets, Nioghalvfjerdsbrae and Zachariae IsstrOm, and that mass flux is most sensitive to basal drag, though errors associated with basal drag are poorly constrained and difficult to quantify. Given our knowledge of errors associated with the thermal properties of ice, we estimate that in the ablation area, the effects of cryohydrologic warming contribute over 4 times more mass flux uncertainty that do errors in geothermal heat flux. We find that NEGIS total ice discharge is associated with a 0.7 Gt/yr (2.6%) uncertainty due to errors in geothermal heat flux and a 3.3 Gt/yr (11.6%) uncertainty due to the added effects of cryohydrologic warming. In comparison, errors in surface mass balance contribute 4.5 Gt/yr to NEGIS total discharge uncertainty. C1 [Schlegel, N-J.; Larour, E.; Seroussi, H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Morlighem, M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Box, J. E.] Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Schlegel, NJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM nschlegel@gmail.com RI Morlighem, Mathieu/O-9942-2014; Box, Jason/H-5770-2013; OI Morlighem, Mathieu/0000-0001-5219-1310; Schlegel, Nicole-Jeanne/0000-0001-8035-448X FU NSF [ANT-0424589]; NASA [NNX10AT68G] FX This work was performed at the California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) Program; Cryosphere Program; and President's and Director's Fund Program. The authors would like to acknowledge the data provided by the National Snow and Ice Data Center DAAC, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Operation IceBridge, as well as CReSIS data generated from NSF grant ANT-0424589 and NASA grant NNX10AT68G [Gogineni, 2012]. They would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and comments which greatly aided in the improvement of this manuscript. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 29 EP 54 DI 10.1002/2014JF003359 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CC1NS UT WOS:000350108500002 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Winker, D Omar, A Vaughan, M Kar, J Trepte, C Hu, Y Schuster, G AF Liu, Z. Winker, D. Omar, A. Vaughan, M. Kar, J. Trepte, C. Hu, Y. Schuster, G. TI Evaluation of CALIOP 532 nm aerosol optical depth over opaque water clouds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; SAHARAN DUST; CALIPSO LIDAR; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; INITIAL ASSESSMENT; CLIMATE RESPONSE; SMOKE PARTICLES; AIRBORNE HSRL; MODIS-AQUA AB With its height-resolved measurements and near global coverage, the CALIOP lidar onboard the CALIPSO satellite offers a new capability for aerosol retrievals in cloudy skies. Validation of these retrievals is difficult, however, as independent, collocated and co-temporal data sets are generally not available. In this paper, we evaluate CALIOP aerosol products above opaque water clouds by applying multiple retrieval techniques to CALIOP Level 1 profile data and comparing the results. This approach allows us to both characterize the accuracy of the CALIOP above-cloud aerosol optical depth (AOD) and develop an error budget that quantifies the relative contributions of different error sources. We focus on two spatial domains: the African dust transport pathway over the tropical North Atlantic and the African smoke transport pathway over the southeastern Atlantic. Six years of CALIOP observations (2007-2012) from the northern hemisphere summer and early fall are analyzed. The analysis is limited to cases where aerosol layers are located above opaque water clouds so that a constrained retrieval technique can be used to directly retrieve 532 nm aerosol optical depth and lidar ratio. For the moderately dense Sahara dust layers detected in the CALIOP data used in this study, the mean/median values of the lidar ratios derived from a constrained opaque water cloud (OWC) technique are 45.1/44.4 +/- 8.8 sr, which are somewhat larger than the value of 40 +/- 20 sr used in the CALIOP Level 2 (L2) data products. Comparisons of CALIOP L2 AOD with the OWC-retrieved AOD reveal that for nighttime conditions the L2 AOD in the dust region is underestimated on average by similar to 26% (0.183 vs. 0.247). Examination of the error sources indicates that errors in the L2 dust AOD are primarily due to using a lidar ratio that is somewhat too small. The mean/median lidar ratio retrieved for smoke is 70.8/70.4 +/- 16.2 sr, which is consistent with the modeled value of 70 +/- 28 sr used in the CALIOP L2 retrieval. Smoke AOD is found to be underestimated, on average, by similar to 39% (0.191 vs. 0.311). The primary cause of AOD differences in the smoke transport region is the tendency of the CALIOP layer detection scheme to prematurely assign layer base altitudes and thus underestimate the geometric thickness of smoke layers. C1 [Liu, Z.; Kar, J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Liu, Z.; Winker, D.; Omar, A.; Vaughan, M.; Kar, J.; Trepte, C.; Hu, Y.; Schuster, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Liu, Z (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM zhaoyan.liu@nasa.gov RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; Omar, Ali/D-7102-2017 OI Omar, Ali/0000-0003-1871-9235 NR 78 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 3 BP 1265 EP 1288 DI 10.5194/acp-15-1265-2015 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB7IF UT WOS:000349799500009 ER PT J AU Jiang, Z Jones, DBA Worden, HM Henze, DK AF Jiang, Z. Jones, D. B. A. Worden, H. M. Henze, D. K. TI Sensitivity of top-down CO source estimates to the modeled vertical structure in atmospheric CO SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; GEOS-CHEM; CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT; SATELLITE DATA; ADJOINT; MOPITT; ASSIMILATION; INSTRUMENT; CONSTRAINT AB We assessed the sensitivity of regional CO source estimates to the modeled vertical CO distribution by assimilating multi-spectral MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution In The Troposphere) V5J CO retrievals with the GEOS-Chem model. We compared the source estimates obtained by assimilating the CO profiles and the surface layer retrievals from June 2004 to May 2005. Because the surface layer retrievals are less sensitive to CO in the free troposphere, it is expected that they should provide constraints in the CO source estimates that are less sensitive to the vertical structure of CO in the free troposphere. The inferred source estimates all suggest a reduction in CO emissions in the tropics and subtropics, and an increase in the extratropics over the a priori estimates. The tropical decreases were particularly pronounced for regions where the biogenic source of CO was dominant, suggesting an overestimate of the a priori isoprene source of CO in the model. We found that the differences between the regional source estimates inferred from the profile and surface layer retrievals for 2004-2005 were small, generally less than 10% for the main continental regions, except for estimates for southern Asia, North America, and Europe. Because of discrepancies in convective transport in the model, the CO source estimates for India and southeastern Asia inferred from the CO profiles were significantly higher than those estimated from the surface layer retrievals during June-August 2004. On the other hand, the profile inversion underestimated the CO emissions from North America and Europe compared to the assimilation of the surface layer retrievals. We showed that vertical transport of air from the North American and European boundary layers is slower than from other continental regions, and thus air in the free troposphere from North America and Europe in the model is more chemically aged, which could explain the discrepancy between the source estimates inferred from the profile and surface layer retrievals. We also examined the impact of the OH distribution on the source estimates and found that the discrepancies between the source estimates obtained with two OH fields were larger when using the profile data, which is consistent with greater sensitivity to the more chemically aged air in the free troposphere. Our findings indicate that regional CO source estimates are sensitive to the vertical CO structure. They suggest that diagnostics to assess the age of air from the continental source regions should help interpret the results from CO source inversions. Our results also suggest that assimilating a broader range of composition measurements to provide better constraint on tropospheric OH and the biogenic sources of CO is essential for reliable quantification of the regional CO budget. C1 [Jiang, Z.; Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Worden, H. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Henze, D. K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jiang, Z (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM zhe.jiang@jpl.nasa.gov FU Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency; NASA [NNX10AT42G] FX This work was supported by funding from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canadian Space Agency, and NASA grant NNX10AT42G. We thank NOAA ESRL for providing their CO flask data. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and detailed comments on the manuscript. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 3 BP 1521 EP 1537 DI 10.5194/acp-15-1521-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB7IF UT WOS:000349799500025 ER PT J AU Le Page, Y Morton, D Bond-Lamberty, B Pereira, JMC Hurtt, G AF Le Page, Y. Morton, D. Bond-Lamberty, B. Pereira, J. M. C. Hurtt, G. TI HESFIRE: a global fire model to explore the role of anthropogenic and weather drivers SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BURNED AREA; FOREST-FIRES; VEGETATION MODEL; EARTH SYSTEM; EMISSIONS; CLIMATE; DEFORESTATION; SENSITIVITY; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB Vegetation fires are a major driver of ecosystem dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions. Anticipating potential changes in fire activity and their impacts relies first on a realistic model of fire activity (e.g., fire incidence and interannual variability) and second on a model accounting for fire impacts (e.g., mortality and emissions). In this paper, we focus on our understanding of fire activity and describe a new fire model, HESFIRE (Human-Earth System FIRE), which integrates the influence of weather, vegetation characteristics, and human activities on fires in a stand-alone framework. It was developed with a particular emphasis on allowing fires to spread over consecutive days given their major contribution to burned areas in many ecosystems. A subset of the model parameters was calibrated through an optimization procedure using observation data to enhance our knowledge of regional drivers of fire activity and improve the performance of the model on a global scale. Modeled fire activity showed reasonable agreement with observations of burned area, fire seasonality, and interannual variability in many regions, including for spatial and temporal domains not included in the optimization procedure. Significant discrepancies are investigated, most notably regarding fires in boreal regions and in xeric ecosystems and also fire size distribution. The sensitivity of fire activity to model parameters is analyzed to explore the dominance of specific drivers across regions and ecosystems. The characteristics of HESFIRE and the outcome of its evaluation provide insights into the influence of anthropogenic activities and weather, and their interactions, on fire activity. C1 [Le Page, Y.; Bond-Lamberty, B.] Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Morton, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pereira, J. M. C.] Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Agron, Ctr Estudos Florestais, P-1349017 Lisbon, Portugal. [Hurtt, G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Le Page, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM yannick.lepage@pnnl.gov RI Pereira, Jose/I-1283-2014; Bond-Lamberty, Ben/C-6058-2008; Morton, Douglas/D-5044-2012 OI Pereira, Jose/0000-0003-2583-3669; Bond-Lamberty, Ben/0000-0001-9525-4633; FU NASA Terrestrial Ecology and Inter-Disciplinary Studies programs; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX The authors are grateful for research support provided by the NASA Terrestrial Ecology and Inter-Disciplinary Studies programs. The authors also wish to express appreciation to the Integrated Assessment Research Program in the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy for partially funding this research. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 3 BP 887 EP 903 DI 10.5194/bg-12-887-2015 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CB7FU UT WOS:000349793100019 ER PT J AU Forney, KA Becker, EA Foley, DG Barlow, J Oleson, EM AF Forney, Karin A. Becker, Elizabeth A. Foley, Dave G. Barlow, Jay Oleson, Erin M. TI Habitat-based models of cetacean density and distribution in the central North Pacific SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SITE FIDELITY; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; ASSOCIATION PATTERNS; BEAKED-WHALE; MOVEMENTS; OCEAN; UNCERTAINTY; POPULATION; ABUNDANCE AB The central North Pacific Ocean includes diverse temperate and tropical pelagic habitats. Studies of the abundance and distribution of cetaceans within these dynamic marine ecosystems have generally been patchy or conducted at coarse spatial and temporal scales, limiting their utility for pelagic conservation planning. Habitat-based density models provide a tool for identifying pelagic areas of importance to cetaceans, because model predictions are spatially explicit. In this study, we present habitat-based models of cetacean density that were developed and validated for the central North Pacific. Spatial predictions of cetacean densities and measures of uncertainty were derived based on data collected during 15 large-scale shipboard cetacean and ecosystem assessment surveys conducted from 1997 to 2012. We developed generalized additive models using static and remotely sensed dynamic habitat variables, including distance to land, sea-surface temperature (SST), standard deviation of SST, surface chlorophyll concentration, seasurface height (SSH), and SSH root-mean-square variation. The resulting models, developed using new grid-based prediction methods, provide finer scale information on the distribution and density of cetaceans than previously available. Habitat-based abundance estimates around Hawaii are similar to those derived from standard line-transect analyses of the same data and provide enhanced spatial resolution to inform management and conservation of pelagic cetacean species. C1 [Forney, Karin A.; Becker, Elizabeth A.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Becker, Elizabeth A.] ManTech Int Corp, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. [Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Oleson, Erin M.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Forney, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM karin.forney@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Science Center and Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center FX This study would not have been possible without the dedication of the marine mammal observers, cruise leaders, and vessel crew who worked hard on surveys conducted over the 15 yr period collecting the data that we used here. Chief Scientists for the survey cruises included Tim Gerrodette, Lisa Ballance, and 2 of the co-authors (J. B. and E. M.O.). We thank Chip Johnson, Julie Rivers (US Pacific Fleet, US Navy) and Sean Hanser (Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Pacific, US Navy), for providing us with the opportunity and funding to conduct this analysis. We also thank Jim Carretta and Scott Benson and 3 anonymous reviewers for their helpful reviews of an earlier draft of this manuscript. Additional funding for this study was provided by NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Science Center and Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. Surveys were conducted in accordance with institutional, national and international guidelines concerning the use of animals in research and/or the sampling of endangered species, and under the following permits: National Marine Fisheries Service, Nos. 774-1437, 14097, and 15240; State of Hawaii, No. SH2002-11, and Papa h. hanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, No. PMNM2010- 053 NR 46 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2015 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.3354/esr00632 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CC0AK UT WOS:000349996800001 ER PT J AU Johnston, MC T'ien, JS Muff, DE Zhao, XY Olson, SL Ferkul, PV AF Johnston, Michael C. T'ien, James S. Muff, Derek E. Zhao, Xiaoyang Olson, Sandra L. Ferkul, Paul V. TI Self induced buoyant blow off in upward flame spread on thin solid fuels SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Buoyant blow off; Material flammability limits; Upward burning limit; One-sided extinction; Flame spread; SIBAL fuel ID WIDTH; MICROGRAVITY; COMBUSTION; LIMIT; MODEL AB Upward flame spread experiments were conducted on long thin composite fabric fuels made of 75% cotton and 25% fiberglass of various widths between 2 and 8.8 cm and lengths greater than 1.5 m. Symmetric ignition at the bottom edge of the fuel resulted in two sided upward flame growth initially. As flame grew to a critical length (15-30 cm depending on sample width) fluctuation or instability of the flame base was observed. For samples 5 cm or less in width, this instability lead to flame blow off on one side of the sample (can be either side in repeated tests). The remaining flame on the other side would quickly shrink in length and spread all the way to the end of the sample with a constant limiting length and steady spread rate. Flame blow off from the increased buoyancy induced air velocity (at the flame base) with increasing flame length is proposed as the mechanism for this interesting phenomenon. Experimental details and the proposed explanation, including sample width effect, are offered in the paper. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnston, Michael C.; T'ien, James S.; Muff, Derek E.; Zhao, Xiaoyang] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Olson, Sandra L.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Ferkul, Paul V.] Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Johnston, MC (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Glennan Bldg MS 418,10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM michael.c.johnston@case.edu OI Zhao, Xiaoyang/0000-0003-2245-6263 FU NASA; Underwriters Laboratories FX This research was initially funded by a grant from NASA (Dr. Gary Ruff, technical monitor) and concluded with a grant from the Underwriters Laboratories (Dr. Pravinray Gandhi, technical monitor). NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 EI 1873-7226 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 71 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2014.11.007 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA CB6HL UT WOS:000349728000025 ER PT J AU Petryshyn, VA Lim, D Laval, BL Brady, A Slater, G Tripati, AK AF Petryshyn, V. A. Lim, D. Laval, B. L. Brady, A. Slater, G. Tripati, A. K. TI Reconstruction of limnology and microbialite formation conditions from carbonate clumped isotope thermometry SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MICROBIALITES; PAVILION LAKE; BODY TEMPERATURES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; STROMATOLITE; BIOSIGNATURES; CANADA; GROWTH; MODEL; PALEOTHERMOMETER AB Quantitative tools for deciphering the environment of microbialite formation are relatively limited. For example, the oxygen isotope carbonate-water geothermometer requires assumptions about the isotopic composition of the water of formation. We explored the utility of using 'clumped' isotope thermometry as a tool to study the temperatures of microbialite formation. We studied microbialites recovered from water depths of 10-55 m in Pavilion Lake, and 10-25 m in Kelly Lake, spanning the thermocline in both lakes. We determined the temperature of carbonate growth and the O-18/O-16 ratio of the waters that microbialites grew in. Results were then compared to current limnological data from the lakes to reconstruct the history of microbialite formation. Modern microbialites collected at shallow depths (11.7 m) in both lakes yield clumped isotope-based temperatures of formation that are within error of summer water temperatures, suggesting that clumped isotope analyses may be used to reconstruct past climates and to probe the environments in which microbialites formed. The deepest microbialites (21.7-55 m) were recovered from below the present-day thermoclines in both lakes and yield radioisotope ages indicating they primarily formed earlier in the Holocene. During this time, pollen data and our reconstructed water O-18/O-16 ratios indicate a period of aridity, with lower lake levels. At present, there is a close association between both photosynthetic and heterotrophic communities, and carbonate precipitation/microbialite formation, with biosignatures of photosynthetic influences on carbonate detected in microbialites from the photic zone and above the thermocline (i.e., depths of generally <20 m). Given the deeper microbialites are receiving <1% of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), it is likely these microbialites primarily formed when lower lake levels resulted in microbialites being located higher in the photic zone, in warm surface waters. C1 [Petryshyn, V. A.; Tripati, A. K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Lim, D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Laval, B. L.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Civil Engn, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Brady, A.; Slater, G.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Tripati, A. K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Tripati, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM vpetryshyn@ucla.edu; aradhna.tripati@gmail.com RI Tripati, Aradhna/C-9419-2011 OI Tripati, Aradhna/0000-0002-1695-1754 FU NSF [EAR-1352212, EAR-1325054, OCE-1437166, EAR-0949191, ARC-1215551]; ACS [51182-DNI2]; DOE [DE-FG02-13ER16402]; Hellman Fellowship FX We wish to thank all those on the Pavilion Lake Research Project, especially Cara Harwood and Jennifer Biddle, Frank Corsetti for the use of his microscope, and the Tripati Lab research group. This work was supported by NSF grants EAR-1352212, EAR-1325054, OCE-1437166, EAR-0949191 and ARC-1215551, ACS grant 51182-DNI2, DOE grant DE-FG02-13ER16402, and a Hellman Fellowship. This is PLRP publication #13-04. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1472-4677 EI 1472-4669 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD JAN PY 2015 VL 13 IS 1 BP 53 EP 67 DI 10.1111/gbi.12121 PG 15 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CC0UO UT WOS:000350053000005 PM 25515686 ER PT J AU Bridges, JC Schwenzer, SP Leveille, R Westall, F Wiens, RC Mangold, N Bristow, T Edwards, P Berger, G AF Bridges, J. C. Schwenzer, S. P. Leveille, R. Westall, F. Wiens, R. C. Mangold, N. Bristow, T. Edwards, P. Berger, G. TI Diagenesis and clay mineral formation at Gale Crater, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars Science Laboratory; clay; Yellowknife Bay; diagenesis ID GENERATED HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; ALTERATION ASSEMBLAGES; MARTIAN METEORITES; SATURATION STATE; YELLOWKNIFE BAY; NATURAL-WATERS; ORIGIN; DISSOLUTION; EVOLUTION; PHYLLOSILICATES AB The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity found host rocks of basaltic composition and alteration assemblages containing clay minerals at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater. On the basis of the observed host rock and alteration minerals, we present results of equilibrium thermochemical modeling of the Sheepbed mudstones of Yellowknife Bay in order to constrain the formation conditions of its secondary mineral assemblage. Building on conclusions from sedimentary observations by the Mars Science Laboratory team, we assume diagenetic, in situ alteration. The modeling shows that the mineral assemblage formed by the reaction of a CO2-poor and oxidizing, dilute aqueous solution (Gale Portage Water) in an open system with the Fe-rich basaltic-composition sedimentary rocks at 10-50 degrees C and water/rock ratio (mass of rock reacted with the starting fluid) of 100-1000, pH of similar to 7.5-12. Model alteration assemblages predominantly contain phyllosilicates (Fe-smectite, chlorite), the bulk composition of a mixture of which is close to that of saponite inferred from Chemistry and Mineralogy data and to that of saponite observed in the nakhlite Martian meteorites and terrestrial analogues. To match the observed clay mineral chemistry, inhomogeneous dissolution dominated by the amorphous phase and olivine is required. We therefore deduce a dissolving composition of approximately 70% amorphous material, with 20% olivine, and 10% whole rock component. C1 [Bridges, J. C.; Edwards, P.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Schwenzer, S. P.] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Leveille, R.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Westall, F.] CNRS, Ctr Biophys Mol, Orleans 2, France. [Wiens, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Mangold, N.] CNRS, UMR6112, LPGN, Nantes, France. [Mangold, N.] Univ Nantes, Nantes, France. [Bristow, T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Berger, G.] Univ Toulouse 3, IRAP, CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse, France. RP Bridges, JC (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM j.bridges@le.ac.uk RI BERGER, Gilles/F-7118-2016; OI Schwenzer, Susanne Petra/0000-0002-9608-0759 FU UKSA; OU Research Investment Fellowship FX J.C.B. and S.P.S. are funded by UKSA. S.P.S. was in part funded by an OU Research Investment Fellowship. The mineralogical data used for modeling from the Mars Science Laboratory mission in this paper are available in published articles, referred to in the text [e.g., Vaniman et al., 2014]. NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1002/2014JE004757 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CC0WD UT WOS:000350058500001 ER PT J AU White, OL Schenk, PM AF White, Oliver L. Schenk, Paul M. TI Topographic mapping of paterae and layered plains on Io using photoclinometry SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Io; photoclinometry; patera; layered plains; topography ID GALILEO VIEW; MOUNTAINS; INTERIOR; VOYAGER; GEOLOGY; LO AB We have generated regional scale photoclinometry digital elevation models (DEMs) from Voyager and Galileo imagery of Io that resolve small-scale topographic features including paterae and layered plains. Given the difficulty of applying this technique to Io due to its anomalous surface albedo properties, we have experimented extensively with the relevant procedures in order to generate what we consider to be the most reliable DEMs. The DEMs have been used to gauge the depths of 23 paterae and the heights of 12 layered plains outcrops, and we find the very similar relief and frequent close association of the two landforms to support the existence of a mixed silicate-volatile layer covering much of the surface of Io. C1 [White, Oliver L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schenk, Paul M.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP White, OL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM oliver.l.white@nasa.gov; schenk@lpi.usra.edu FU NASA Outer Planet Research Program; Lunar and Planetary Institute FX The supporting data included with this paper consist of 29 cube files of the PC DEMs as well as 8 cube files of the source PC images and 8 cube files of the source albedo images (which can be viewed by downloading ISIS3 from the USGS website: http://isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov/Installation/). The authors wish to thank Ashley Davies for his comments, which helped to improve this paper. This research was supported by funding from the NASA Outer Planet Research Program, as well as the Lunar and Planetary Institute. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1002/2014JE004672 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CC0WD UT WOS:000350058500004 ER PT J AU Wilson, JT Eke, VR Massey, RJ Elphic, RC Jolliff, BL Lawrence, DJ Llewellin, EW McElwaine, JN Teodoro, LFA AF Wilson, J. T. Eke, V. R. Massey, R. J. Elphic, R. C. Jolliff, B. L. Lawrence, D. J. Llewellin, E. W. McElwaine, J. N. Teodoro, L. F. A. TI Evidence for explosive silicic volcanism on the Moon from the extended distribution of thorium near the Compton-Belkovich Volcanic Complex SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Moon; Compton-Belkovich Volcanic Complex; thorium; CBTA; pyroclastic ID BAYESIAN IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; PROSPECTOR GAMMA-RAY; LUNAR PROSPECTOR; SURFACE; ABUNDANCES; ERUPTION; REGOLITH; SPECTROMETER; INFORMATION; NEUTRONS AB We reconstruct the abundance of thorium near the Compton-Belkovich Volcanic Complex on the Moon, using data from the Lunar Prospector Gamma Ray Spectrometer. We enhance the resolution via a pixon image reconstruction technique and find that the thorium is distributed over a larger (40km x 75 km) area than the (25km x 35 km) high-albedo region normally associated with Compton-Belkovich. Our reconstructions show that inside this region, the thorium concentration is 14-26ppm. We also find additional thorium, spread up to 300km eastward of the complex at approximate to 2 ppm. The thorium must have been deposited during the formation of the volcanic complex, because subsequent lateral transport mechanisms, such as small impacts, are unable to move sufficient material. The morphology of the feature is consistent with pyroclastic dispersal, and we conclude that the present distribution of thorium was likely created by the explosive eruption of silicic magma. C1 [Wilson, J. T.; Eke, V. R.; Massey, R. J.] Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Dept Phys, Inst Computat Cosmol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Elphic, R. C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Planetary Syst Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Jolliff, B. L.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Jolliff, B. L.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO USA. [Lawrence, D. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Llewellin, E. W.; McElwaine, J. N.] Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Teodoro, L. F. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, BAER, Planetary Syst Branch,Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Wilson, JT (reprint author), Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Dept Phys, Inst Computat Cosmol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM j.t.wilson@durham.ac.uk RI Llewellin, Edward/H-7384-2013; Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015; Wilson, Jack/A-3415-2017 OI Llewellin, Edward/0000-0003-2165-7426; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667; Wilson, Jack/0000-0002-9774-553X FU Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/K501979/1, ST/L00075X/1]; Royal Society University Research Fellowship; BIS National E-infrastructure capital grant [ST/K00042X/1]; STFC [ST/H008519/1]; STFC DiRAC [ST/K003267/1]; Durham University FX LP-GRS and LRO data are available from NASA's Planetary Data System at http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu. The program STABLE is available from J. P. Nolan's website: academic2.american.edu/similar to jpnolan. The work of the Diviner and LROC teams are gratefully acknowledged. J.T.W. and V.R.E. are supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council [grants ST/K501979/1 and ST/L00075X/1]. R.J.M. is supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship. This work used the DiRAC Data Centric system at Durham University, operated by the Institute for Computational Cosmology on behalf of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). This equipment was funded by BIS National E-infrastructure capital grant ST/K00042X/1, STFC capital grant ST/H008519/1, and STFC DiRAC Operations grant ST/K003267/1 and Durham University. DiRAC is part of the UK national E-Infrastructure. We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments that led to a much improved manuscript. The authors thank Richy Brown and Iain Neill for helpful discussions. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 92 EP 108 DI 10.1002/2014JE004719 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CC0WD UT WOS:000350058500006 ER PT J AU Fu, YN Argus, DF Landerer, FW AF Fu, Yuning Argus, Donald F. Landerer, Felix W. TI GPS as an independent measurement to estimate terrestrial water storage variations in Washington and Oregon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE GPS; water variation; Washington; Oregon; time-variable water change ID SURFACE LOADS; EARTH; DEFORMATION; CALIFORNIA; MODEL; ASSIMILATION; MOTION; GRACE; BASIN; FAULT AB The Global Positioning System (GPS) measures elastic ground loading deformation in response to hydrological mass variations on or near Earth's surface. We present a time series of change in terrestrial water storage as a function of position in Washington and Oregon estimated using GPS measurements of vertical displacement of Earth's surface. The distribution of water variation inferred from GPS is highly correlated with physiographic provinces: the seasonal water is mostly located in the mountain areas, such as the Cascade Range and Olympic Mountains, and is much smaller in the basin and valley areas of the Columbia Basin and Harney Basin. GPS is proven to be an independent measurement to distinguish between hydrological models. The drought period of 2008-2010 (maximum in 2010) and the recovery period of 2011-2012 in the Cascade Range are well recovered with GPS-determined time-variable monthly water mass series. The GPS-inferred water storage variation in the Cascade Range is consistent with that derived from JPL's GRACE monthly mass grid solutions. The percentage of RMS reduction is similar to 62% when we subtract GRACE water series from GPS-derived results. GPS-determined water storage variations can fill gaps in the current GRACE mission, also in the transition period from the current GRACE to the future GRACE Follow-on missions. We demonstrate that the GPS-inferred water storage variations can determine and verify local scaling factors for GRACE measurements; in the Cascade Range, the RMS reduction between GRACE series scaled by GPS and scaled by the hydrological model-based GRACE Tellus gain factors is up to 90.5%. C1 [Fu, Yuning; Argus, Donald F.; Landerer, Felix W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Fu, YN (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Yuning.Fu@jpl.nasa.gov OI Landerer, Felix/0000-0003-2678-095X FU NASA Postdoctoral Program at Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX We greatly appreciate Christopher Watson, Tonie van Dam, and the editor Paul Tregoning for constructive comments that significantly helped to improve the manuscript. Y.F. thanks Richard Gross and Michael Watkins for helpful discussions. We are grateful to JPL's GPS data processing group, A. Moore, S. Owen, M. Heflin, S. Desai, W. Bertiger, and other members, and the UNAVCO, NSF Plate Boundary Observatory, and NASA MEaSUREs projects for GPS observations and data organization. All the data and results derived in this study are available from the authors. Y.F. is supported through the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 552 EP 566 DI 10.1002/2014JB011415 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CC2CH UT WOS:000350152000030 ER PT J AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ Tylka, AJ Dennis, BR Ryan, JM AF Share, Gerald H. Murphy, Ronald J. Tylka, Allan J. Dennis, Brian R. Ryan, James M. TI Misidentification of the source of a neutron transient detected by MESSENGER on 4 June 2011 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Solar neutrons; solar energetic particles; solar flares ID GAMMA-RAY LINES; ENERGETIC PARTICLE; SOLAR; FLARE; SPECTROMETER; SPACECRAFT; TELESCOPE; SPECTRA; STEREO; FNIT AB Low-energy (1-10 MeV) neutrons emanating from the Sun provide unique information about accelerated ions with steep energy spectra that may be produced in weak solar flares. However, observation of these solar neutrons can only be made in the inner heliosphere where measurement is difficult due to high background rates from neutrons produced by energetic ions interacting in the spacecraft. These ions can be from solar energetic particle events or produced in passing shocks associated with fast coronal mass ejections. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance that investigators rule out these secondary neutrons before making claims about detecting neutrons from the Sun. The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) neutron spectrometer recorded an hour-long neutron transient beginning at 15:45 UTC on 4 June 2011 for which Lawrence et al. (2014) claim there is strong evidence that the neutrons were produced by the interaction of ions in the solar atmosphere. We studied this event in detail using data from the MESSENGER neutron spectrometer, gamma ray spectrometer, X-ray Spectrometer, and Energetic Particle Spectrometer and from the particle spectrometers on STEREO A. We demonstrate that the transient neutrons were secondaries produced by energetic ions, probably accelerated by a passing shock, that interacted in the spacecraft. We also identify significant faults with the authors' arguments in favor of a solar neutron origin for the transient. C1 [Share, Gerald H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Murphy, Ronald J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DE USA. [Tylka, Allan J.; Dennis, Brian R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ryan, James M.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Share, GH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM share@astro.umd.edu FU NSF/SHINE [1156092] FX We thank Anne K. Tolbert for assistance in accessing and plotting MESSENGER XRS data and Richard Starr (richard.d.starr@nasa.gov) for explaining how to access these data and the characteristics of the XRS instrument. All of the other data used in this paper either came from Lawrence et al. [2014] or open sources such as the STEREO data center. This work was funded in part by NSF/SHINE grant 1156092 and by the Chief of Naval Research. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1002/2014JA020663 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CB8OX UT WOS:000349891300001 ER PT J AU Verkhoglyadova, OP Wang, S Mlynczak, MG Hunt, LA Zank, GP AF Verkhoglyadova, O. P. Wang, S. Mlynczak, M. G. Hunt, L. A. Zank, G. P. TI Effects of two large solar energetic particle events on middle atmosphere nighttime odd hydrogen and ozone content: Aura/MLS and TIMED/SABER measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE SEP; middle atmosphere; ozone destruction; odd hydrogen ID PROTON EVENTS; JANUARY 2005; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; PRECIPITATION EVENTS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; ION CHEMISTRY; SEP EVENTS; SATELLITE; CYCLE; DEPENDENCE AB It is well established that large solar energetic particle (SEP) events affect ozone in the middle atmosphere through chemical reactions involving odd hydrogen (HOx) species. We analyze global middle atmospheric effects at local nighttime for two large SEP events during the intervals of 7-17 November 2004 and 20-30 August 2005. Properties of the SEP events and concomitant geomagnetic storms are discussed using in situ measurements. Temporal dynamics and latitudinal distribution of HOx and ozone densities inferred from measurements by the Aura/MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) instrument are analyzed. We show statistically significant increases of nighttime hydroxyl (OH) density in the middle atmosphere up to 5 degrees 10(6)cm(-3) in the latitude range from 70 degrees down to 50 degrees latitude in northern and to -40 degrees latitude in southern hemispheres in connection with peaks in proton fluxes of >10MeV energy range measured by GOES spacecraft. During the storm main phases, the nighttime OH density increases were observed around 50 degrees in southern and northern hemispheres in the altitude range of 65-80km. There is a correspondence between averaged nighttime OH partial column density (in 0.005 to 0.1hPa pressure range) in the polar latitudes and energetic proton (>10MeV) fluxes. Corresponding statistically significant nighttime ozone destructions up to 45% are observed from 70 degrees down to 60 degrees latitude in the northern and southern hemispheres. The SEP impulsive phases correspond to onsets of ozone density depletions. Larger relative ozone destructions are observed in the northern hemisphere in November and in the southern hemisphere in August. Simultaneous measurements of ozone density by the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (TIMED/SABER) instrument independently confirm the MLS results. C1 [Verkhoglyadova, O. P.; Zank, G. P.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Verkhoglyadova, O. P.; Wang, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Mlynczak, M. G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Hunt, L. A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Zank, G. P.] Univ Alabama, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Verkhoglyadova, OP (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Space & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM Olga.Verkhoglyadova@jpl.nasa.gov OI Verkhoglyadova, Olga/0000-0002-9295-9539; Hunt, Linda/0000-0002-5330-541X FU NSF SHINE [AGS-0962658]; NASA EPSCoR [EPSCoR NNX09AP74A, NNX11AO64G]; NASA through UAH [PO 13390]; NASA Aura Science Team program; NASA TIMED project office FX O.V.'s work was supported by NSF SHINE AGS-0962658 grant and NASA grants EPSCoR NNX09AP74A and NNX11AO64G, the subaward PO 13390 through UAH. S.W. acknowledges the support of the NASA Aura Science Team program. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was done under contract to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Government Sponsorship acknowledged. M.G.M. would like to acknowledge support from the NASA TIMED project office. The authors acknowledge use of the GOES Space Environment Monitor data provided by NOAA and OMNI database supported by NASA GSFC (at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min.html and http://satdat.ngdc.noaa.gov/sem/goes/data/new_avg/). MLS data are provided through http://mls.jpl.nasa.gov/. SABER data are available at http://saber.gats-inc.com/. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 12 EP 29 DI 10.1002/2014JA020609 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CB8OX UT WOS:000349891300002 ER PT J AU Ruffenach, A Lavraud, B Farrugia, CJ Demoulin, P Dasso, S Owens, MJ Sauvaud, JA Rouillard, AP Lynnyk, A Foullon, C Savani, NP Luhmann, JG Galvin, AB AF Ruffenach, A. Lavraud, B. Farrugia, C. J. Demoulin, P. Dasso, S. Owens, M. J. Sauvaud, J. -A. Rouillard, A. P. Lynnyk, A. Foullon, C. Savani, N. P. Luhmann, J. G. Galvin, A. B. TI Statistical study of magnetic cloud erosion by magnetic reconnection SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coronal mass ejection; magnetic cloud; magnetic flux rope; solar wind; magnetic reconnection ID SOLAR-WIND; FLUX ROPES; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; 1 AU; FIELD; ELECTRON; PLASMA; RECONSTRUCTION; IDENTIFICATION; QUANTITIES AB Several recent studies suggest that magnetic reconnection is able to erode substantial amounts of the outer magnetic flux of interplanetary magnetic clouds (MCs) as they propagate in the heliosphere. We quantify and provide a broader context to this process, starting from 263 tabulated interplanetary coronal mass ejections, including MCs, observed over a time period covering 17years and at a distance of 1AU from the Sun with Wind (1995-2008) and the two STEREO (2009-2012) spacecraft. Based on several quality factors, including careful determination of the MC boundaries and main magnetic flux rope axes, an analysis of the azimuthal flux imbalance expected from erosion by magnetic reconnection was performed on a subset of 50 MCs. The results suggest that MCs may be eroded at the front or at rear and in similar proportions, with a significant average erosion of about 40% of the total azimuthal magnetic flux. We also searched for in situ signatures of magnetic reconnection causing erosion at the front and rear boundaries of these MCs. Nearly similar to 30% of the selected MC boundaries show reconnection signatures. Given that observations were acquired only at 1AU and that MCs are large-scale structures, this finding is also consistent with the idea that erosion is a common process. Finally, we studied potential correlations between the amount of eroded azimuthal magnetic flux and various parameters such as local magnetic shear, Alfven speed, and leading and trailing ambient solar wind speeds. However, no significant correlations were found, suggesting that the locally observed parameters at 1AU are not likely to be representative of the conditions that prevailed during the erosion which occurred during propagation from the Sun to 1AU. Future heliospheric missions, and in particular Solar Orbiter or Solar Probe Plus, will be fully geared to answer such questions. C1 [Ruffenach, A.; Lavraud, B.; Sauvaud, J. -A.; Rouillard, A. P.; Lynnyk, A.] Univ Toulouse, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, Toulouse, France. [Ruffenach, A.; Lavraud, B.; Sauvaud, J. -A.; Rouillard, A. P.; Lynnyk, A.] CNRS, UMR, Toulouse, France. [Farrugia, C. J.; Galvin, A. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Demoulin, P.] Observ Paris, CNRS, UMR 8109, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Dasso, S.] Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Dasso, S.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Atmosfera & Oceanos, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Dasso, S.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Owens, M. J.] Univ Reading, Space Environm Phys Grp, Reading, Berks, England. [Foullon, C.] Univ Exeter, EMPS CGAFD, Exeter, Devon, England. [Savani, N. P.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Savani, N. P.] NASA Goddard, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Luhmann, J. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ruffenach, A (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, Toulouse, France. EM alexis.ruffenach@irap.omp.eu; benoit.lavraud@irap.omp.eu RI Owens, Mathew/B-3006-2010; Foullon, Claire/A-3539-2009; OI Owens, Mathew/0000-0003-2061-2453; Foullon, Claire/0000-0002-2532-9684; Demoulin, Pascal/0000-0001-8215-6532 FU NASA [NNX10AQ29G, NNX13AP39G]; STEREO-FARSIDE; European FP7 HELCATS project FX All the data are available through the NASA/GSFC's Space Physics Data Facility's CDAWeb service (www.cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov). The authors thank the Wind and STEREO teams for their work on instrument design, building, and calibration. A.R. and B.L. are grateful to M. Janvier for fruitful discussions. Work at UNH is supported by NASA grants NNX10AQ29G, NNX13AP39G, and STEREO-FARSIDE. This work was in part supported by the European FP7 HELCATS project. NR 62 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 43 EP 60 DI 10.1002/2014JA020628 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CB8OX UT WOS:000349891300004 ER PT J AU Chen, SH Le, G Fok, MC AF Chen, S-H Le, G. Fok, M-C TI Magnetospheric boundary perturbations on MHD and kinetic scales SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetopause; low-latitude boundary layer; Kelvin-Helmholtz instability; lower hybrid waves; MHD instabilities; kinetic instabilities ID HYBRID-DRIFT INSTABILITY; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; HIGH-LATITUDE MAGNETOPAUSE; WHISTLER-MODE WAVES; LOW-FREQUENCY WAVES; PLASMA-WAVES; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; VELOCITY SHEAR; ION-CYCLOTRON AB To study the magnetopause on both MHD and kinetic scales, we have analyzed two Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms/Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun magnetopause crossings under steady slow-solar wind and minimum magnetic shear conditions. These events approximate a ground state of the magnetospheric boundary with minimum influences from large-solar wind disturbances and magnetic reconnection. Our observations reveal evidence for the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, the quasi-periodicity of magnetopause surface waves accompanied by highly asymmetrical plasma signatures between the inbound (from magnetosheath to low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL)) and the outbound (from LLBL to magnetosheath) magnetopause crossings. Stronger plasma and magnetic gradients were observed during the outbound crossings but more gradual and volatile variations at higher frequencies during the inbounds. The scale lengths of the magnetic and plasma gradients were comparable or less than the proton gyroradius. Enhancements of lower hybrid waves occurred at the locations of strong gradients or variations. We interpreted the collocations of the lower hybrid waves and plasma gradients and their variations in terms of (1) lower hybrid instabilities that directly convert solar wind flow energy into lower hybrid waves and other wave modes in the LLBL, or (2) Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and magnetic reconnection which produce the conditions for the lower hybrid instabilities to grow. The rate of ion diffusion across the magnetopause caused by the lower hybrid instability is marginally sufficient to populate the LLBL. The diffusion coefficient of O+ is similar to 30 times larger than that of H+. The lower hybrid waves could contribute to the energy dissipation at plasma gradients in magnetopause surface wave structures and limit Kelvin-Helmholtz instability growth further downstream. C1 [Chen, S-H] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Chen, S-H; Le, G.; Fok, M-C] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chen, SH (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. EM Sheng-Hsien.Chen@nasa.gov RI Le, Guan/C-9524-2012 OI Le, Guan/0000-0002-9504-5214 FU NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Universities Space Research Association FX We thank THEMIS/ARTEMIS team for providing data through UC Berkeley THEMIS data system and the PI, Vassilis Angelopoulos of UCLA, for his insightful suggestions during the analysis. We thank D. Fairfield and G. Khazanov of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for their comments on the manuscript during the editing processes. We thank ACE and Wind teams for providing solar wind data through Space Physics Data Facility of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. This work was supported by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center internal funding to CRESST consortium consisting of University of Maryland at College Park, University of Maryland at Baltimore County, and Universities Space Research Association. The THEMIS, ARTEMIS, Wind, and ACE data used in the paper can be obtained through CDAWeb (http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov) web interface maintained at the Space Physics Data Facility at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. THEMIS and ARTEMIS data and instrument information can be obtained at the Space Science Center at the University of California at Berkeley (http://themis.ssl.berkeley.edu). NR 127 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 113 EP 137 DI 10.1002/2014JA020141 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CB8OX UT WOS:000349891300008 ER PT J AU Perez, JD Goldstein, J McComas, DJ Valek, P Buzulukova, N Fok, MC Singer, HJ AF Perez, J. D. Goldstein, J. McComas, D. J. Valek, P. Buzulukova, N. Fok, M. -C. Singer, H. J. TI TWINS stereoscopic imaging of multiple peaks in the ring current SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetosphere; ring current; ENA imaging ID PITCH-ANGLE DISTRIBUTIONS; NEUTRAL-ATOM; PLASMA SHEET; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; ENA OBSERVATIONS; FLUX TUBES; MISSION; STORM; SUBSTORM; FLOWS AB Global, ion equatorial flux distributions and energy spectra are presented from stereoscopic Two Wide-Angle Imaging Neutral-Atom Spectrometers (TWINS) 1 and TWINS 2 energetic neutral atom (ENA) images for two time periods, 29 May 2010, 1330-1430 UT and 26 May 2011, 1645-1715 UT. The first is just after the main phase of a weak (minimum SYM/H approximate to-70 to -80 nT) corotating interaction region-driven geomagnetic storm. The second is during a relatively quiet period. The global ion distributions show multiple spatial peaks that are coincident with peaks in the AE index. The energy spectra have a primary maximum in the 15-20keV range. Below the energy maximum, the flux is Maxwellian. Above the main maximum, the flux is either significantly below that of a Maxwellian or has a second component with a maximum in the 40-50keV range. For the 29 May 2010, 1330-1430 UT time period, the flux from the TWINS stereoscopic images is compared to the results from TWINS 1 and TWINS 2 alone illustrating the advantage of stereoscopic viewing. The flux deconvolved from the TWINS images also shows spatial and temporal correlations with Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) in situ measurements. Magnetic field dipolarizations observed by GOES support the existence of a peak in the ion flux in the midnight/dawn sector. In summary, increased spatial resolution from TWINS stereoscopic ENA images is demonstrated. Multiple peaks in the ion flux of trapped particles in the ring current are observed. THEMIS electrostatic analyzer in situ ion flux measurements and GOES geosynchronous magnetic field measurements are consistent with the spatial and temporal structure obtained. C1 [Perez, J. D.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Goldstein, J.; McComas, D. J.; Valek, P.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Goldstein, J.; McComas, D. J.; Valek, P.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys, San Antonio, TX USA. [Buzulukova, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Buzulukova, N.; Fok, M. -C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Perez, JD (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM perez@physics.auburn.edu OI Valek, Philip/0000-0002-2318-8750 FU TWINS mission part of NASA's Explorer Program FX The authors would like to acknowledge Natalia Papitashvili at the Space Physics Data Facility at NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center for use of the OMNI data set, the instrument teams from ACE, Wind, and other missions that contribute the data used by OMNI, and the THEMIS ESA team for the use of the THEMIS data and software. This work was carried out as a part of and with support from the TWINS mission as a part of NASA's Explorer Program. Data used in this paper are available from http://twins.swri.edu/, http://themis.ssl.berkeley.edu/index.shtml, and http://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/data_orbits.html. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 368 EP 383 DI 10.1002/2014JA020662 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CB8OX UT WOS:000349891300024 ER PT J AU Tsurutani, BT Falkowski, BJ Pickett, JS Santolik, O Lakhina, GS AF Tsurutani, Bruce T. Falkowski, Barbara J. Pickett, Jolene S. Santolik, Ondrej Lakhina, Gurbax S. TI Plasmaspheric hiss properties: Observations from Polar SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plasmasphere; hiss; Polar ID WAVE DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; DISCRETE CHORUS EMISSIONS; OBSERVED ONBOARD GEOS-1; ELF HISS; PARTICLE INTERACTIONS; SUDDEN COMMENCEMENTS; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; PONDEROMOTIVE FORCE; MAGNETIC DECREASES; ALFVEN WAVES AB In the region between L=2 to 7 at all Magnetic Local Time (MLTs) plasmaspheric hiss was detected 32% of the time. In the limited region of L=3 to 6 and 15 to 21 MLT (dusk sector), the wave percentage detection was the highest (51%). The latter plasmaspheric hiss is most likely due to energetic similar to 10-100 keV electrons drifting into the dusk plasmaspheric bulge region. On average, plasmaspheric hiss intensities are an order of magnitude larger on the dayside than on the nightside. Plasmaspheric hiss intensities are considerably more intense and coherent during high-solar wind ram pressure intervals. A hypothesis for this is generation of dayside chorus by adiabatic compression of preexisting 10-100keV outer magnetospheric electrons in minimum B pockets plus chorus propagation into the plasmasphere. In large solar wind pressure events, it is hypothesized that plasmaspheric hiss can also be generated inside the plasmasphere. These new generation mechanism possibilities are in addition to the well-established mechanism of plasmaspheric hiss generation during substorms and storms. Plasmaspheric hiss under ordinary conditions is of low coherency, with small pockets of several cycles of coherent waves. During high-solar wind ram pressure intervals (positive SYM-H intervals), plasmaspheric hiss and large L hiss can have higher intensities and be coherent. Plasmaspheric hiss in these cases is typically found to be propagating obliquely to the ambient magnetic field with (kB0) similar to 30 degrees to 40 degrees. Hiss detected at large L has large amplitudes (similar to 0.2nT) and propagates obliquely to the ambient magnetic field ((kB0) similar to 70 degrees) with 2:1 ellipticity ratios. A series of schematics for plasmaspheric hiss generation is presented. C1 [Tsurutani, Bruce T.; Falkowski, Barbara J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Falkowski, Barbara J.] Glendale Community City Coll, Glendale, CA USA. [Pickett, Jolene S.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Santolik, Ondrej] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Atmospher Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Santolik, Ondrej] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Lakhina, Gurbax S.] Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, India. RP Tsurutani, BT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM bruce.t.tsurutani@jpl.nasa.gov RI Santolik, Ondrej/F-7766-2014; OI Lakhina, Gurbax /0000-0002-8956-486X FU National Academy of Sciences of India under NASI Senior Scientist Platinum Jubilee Fellowship; [GACR205-10.2279]; [LH14010] FX We thank the two referees for their helpful comments and guide to sudden impulse papers that we were not aware of. Portions of this research were carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with NASA. Polar data can be obtained from NASA's Space Physics Data Facility. G.S.L. thanks the National Academy of Sciences of India for their support under the NASI Senior Scientist Platinum Jubilee Fellowship. O.S. acknowledges funding from GACR205-10.2279 and LH14010 grants. NR 79 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 414 EP 431 DI 10.1002/2014JA020518 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CB8OX UT WOS:000349891300027 ER PT J AU Khazanov, GV Tripathi, AK Singhal, RP Himwich, EW Glocer, A Sibeck, DG AF Khazanov, G. V. Tripathi, A. K. Singhal, R. P. Himwich, E. W. Glocer, A. Sibeck, D. G. TI Superthermal electron magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling in the diffuse aurora in the presence of ECH waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions ID CYCLOTRON HARMONIC INSTABILITY; WHISTLER-MODE WAVES; ENERGY INTERCHANGE; CHORUS WAVES; PITCH-ANGLE; PRECIPITATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; PLASMASPHERE; TRANSPORT; DRIVEN AB There are two main theories for the origin of the diffuse auroral electron precipitation: first, pitch angle scattering by electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves, and second, by whistler mode waves. Precipitating electrons initially injected from the plasma sheet to the loss cone via wave-particle interaction processes degrade in the atmosphere toward lower energies and produce secondary electrons via impact ionization of the neutral atmosphere. These secondary electrons can escape back to the magnetosphere, become trapped on closed magnetic field lines, and deposit their energy back to the inner magnetosphere. ECH and whistler mode waves can also move electrons in the opposite direction, from the loss cone into the trap zone, if the source of such electrons exists in conjugate ionospheres located at the same field lines as the trapped magnetospheric electron population. Such a situation exists in the simulation scenario of superthermal electron energy interplay in the region of diffuse aurora presented and discussed by Khazanov et al. (2014) and will be quantified in this paper by taking into account the interaction of secondary electrons with ECH waves. C1 [Khazanov, G. V.; Himwich, E. W.; Glocer, A.; Sibeck, D. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tripathi, A. K.; Singhal, R. P.] Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Indian Inst Technol, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Himwich, E. W.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. RP Himwich, EW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Himwich@yale.edu FU NASA Van Allen Probes; NASA LWS Program; Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, India FX Funding support for this study was provided by NASA Van Allen Probes (formerly known as the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP)) Project, the NASA LWS Program, and by Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, India. G.K. also thanks Krivorutsky for useful discussion. The data for this paper are available from George Khazanov at george.v.khazanov@nasa.gov. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 445 EP 459 DI 10.1002/2014JA020641 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CB8OX UT WOS:000349891300029 ER PT J AU Takahashi, K Denton, RE Kurth, W Kletzing, C Wygant, J Bonnell, J Dai, L Min, K Smith, CW MacDowall, R AF Takahashi, Kazue Denton, Richard E. Kurth, William Kletzing, Craig Wygant, John Bonnell, John Dai, Lei Min, Kyungguk Smith, Charles W. MacDowall, Robert TI Externally driven plasmaspheric ULF waves observed by the Van Allen Probes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ULF waves; plasmasphere; multispacecraft observation ID PC 3-4 PULSATIONS; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; GEOMAGNETIC-PULSATIONS; SPACECRAFT OBSERVATIONS; DAYSIDE MAGNETOSPHERE; HARMONIC STRUCTURE; ELECTRON-DENSITY; SOLAR-WIND; BOW SHOCK; MODEL AB We analyze data acquired by the Van Allen Probes on 8 November 2012, during a period of extended low geomagnetic activity, to gain new insight into plasmaspheric ultralow frequency (ULF) waves. The waves exhibited strong spectral power in the 5-40 mHz band and included multiharmonic toroidal waves visible up to the eleventh harmonic, unprecedented in the plasmasphere. During this wave activity, the interplanetary magnetic field cone angle was small, suggesting that the waves were driven by broadband compressional ULF waves originating in the foreshock region. This source mechanism is supported by the tailward propagation of the compressional magnetic field perturbations at a phase velocity of a few hundred kilometers per second that is determined by the cross-phase analysis of data from the two spacecraft. We also find that the coherence and phase delay of the azimuthal components of the magnetic field from the two spacecraft strongly depend on the radial separation of the spacecraft and attribute this feature to field line resonance effects. Finally, using the observed toroidal wave frequencies, we estimate the plasma mass density for L = 2.6-5.8. By comparing the mass density with the electron number density that is estimated from the spectrum of plasma waves, we infer that the plasma was dominated by H+ ions and was distributed uniformly along the magnetic field lines. The electron density is higher than the prediction of saturated plasmasphere models, and this super saturated plasmasphere and the uniform ion distribution are consistent with the low geomagnetic activity that prevailed. C1 [Takahashi, Kazue] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Denton, Richard E.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Kurth, William; Kletzing, Craig] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Wygant, John; Dai, Lei] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Bonnell, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Min, Kyungguk] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Smith, Charles W.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Smith, Charles W.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [MacDowall, Robert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Takahashi, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM kazue.takahashi@jhuapl.edu OI Kletzing, Craig/0000-0002-4136-3348; Kurth, William/0000-0002-5471-6202 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1106427]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX13AE02G, NNX14AB97G]; NSF [AGS-1105790]; NASA [NNX10AQ60G, NNG05GJ70G]; JHU/APL under NASA [921647, NAS5-01072] FX Work at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant AGS-1106427 and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) grants NNX13AE02G and NNX14AB97G. Work at Dartmouth College was supported by NSF grant AGS-1105790 and by NASA grants NNX10AQ60G and NNG05GJ70G. Research at the University of Iowa was supported by JHU/APL contract 921647 under NASAs Prime contract NAS5-01072. The EMFISIS data were obtained from the University of Iowa at http://emfisis.physics.uiowa.edu, the EFW data were obtained from the University of Minnesota at http://www.space.umn.edu/missions/rbspefw-home-university-of-minnesota, the solar wind and IMF data were obtained from the Goddard Space Flight Center Space Physics Data Facility OMNIWeb interface http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ow_min.html, and the Dst index was obtained from the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto, at http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/index.html. NR 77 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 526 EP 552 DI 10.1002/2014JA020373 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CB8OX UT WOS:000349891300034 ER PT J AU Verkhoglyadova, OP Mannucci, AJ Tsurutani, BT Mlynczak, MG Hunt, LA Redmon, RJ Green, JC AF Verkhoglyadova, O. P. Mannucci, A. J. Tsurutani, B. T. Mlynczak, M. G. Hunt, L. A. Redmon, R. J. Green, J. C. TI Localized thermosphere ionization events during the high-speed stream interval of 29 April to 5 May 2011 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermosphere; ionosphere; aurora; HSS; particle precipitation ID SOLAR-WIND STREAMS; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; RADIATION BELT; ATOMIC OXYGEN; NITRIC-OXIDE; STORMS; DENSITY; ENERGY; IONOSPHERE AB We analyze localized ionospheric-thermospheric (IT) events in response to external driving by a high-speed stream (HSS) during the ascending phase of the Solar Cycle 24. The HSS event occurred from 29 April to 5 May, 2011. The HSS itself (and not the associated corotating interaction region) caused a moderate geomagnetic storm with peak SYM-H=-55 nT and prolonged auroral activity. We analyze TIMED (Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics)/SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) measurements of nitric oxide (NO) cooling emission during the interval as a measure of thermospheric response to auroral heating. We identify several local cooling emission (LCE) events in high to subauroral latitudes. Individual cooling emission profiles during these LCE events are enhanced at ionospheric E layer altitudes. For the first time, we present electron density profiles in the vicinity of the LCE events using collocated COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) radio occultation (RO) measurements. Measurements at local nighttime show the formation of an enhanced E layer (about 2.5 times increase over the undisturbed value) at 100km altitude. Daytime electron density profiles show relatively smaller enhancements in the E layer. We suggest that the IT response is due to additional ionization caused by medium energy electron (>10keV) precipitation into the subauroral to high-latitude atmosphere associated with geomagnetic activity during the HSS event. C1 [Verkhoglyadova, O. P.; Mannucci, A. J.; Tsurutani, B. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Verkhoglyadova, O. P.] Ctr Space & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL USA. [Mlynczak, M. G.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Hunt, L. A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Redmon, R. J.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Green, J. C.] Space Hazards Applicat, Golden, CO USA. RP Verkhoglyadova, OP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Olga.Verkhoglyadova@jpl.nasa.gov OI Verkhoglyadova, Olga/0000-0002-9295-9539; Hunt, Linda/0000-0002-5330-541X FU NASA TIMED project office; NASA FX Portions of this work were done at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. M.G.M. would like to acknowledge support from the NASA TIMED project office. SABER data are available at http://saber.gats-inc.com/. The authors acknowledge use of COSMIC data provided by CDAAC (available through COSMIC Public Data Access from http://cdaac- www.cosmic.ucar.edu/cdaac/products.html). Solar wind parameters and activity indices are taken from the OMNI database (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min.html). Electron count data were provided through NOAA NGDC (http://satdat.ngdc.noaa.gov/sem/poes/data/avg/). Hemispheric Power data were provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder CO, USA. The authors would like to thank the referees for the helpful comments. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 675 EP 696 DI 10.1002/2014JA020535 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CB8OX UT WOS:000349891300044 ER PT J AU Besson, DZ Stockham, J Sullivan, M Allison, P Beatty, JJ Belov, K Binns, WR Chen, C Chen, P Clem, JM Connolly, A Dowkontt, PF Gorham, PW Hoover, S Israel, MH Javaid, A Liewer, KM Matsuno, S Miki, C Mottram, M Nam, J Naudet, CJ Nichol, RJ Romero-Wolf, A Ruckman, L Saltzberg, D Seckel, D Shang, RY Stockham, M Varner, GS Vieregg, AG Wang, Y AF Besson, D. Z. Stockham, J. Sullivan, M. Allison, P. Beatty, J. J. Belov, K. Binns, W. R. Chen, C. Chen, P. Clem, J. M. Connolly, A. Dowkontt, P. F. Gorham, P. W. Hoover, S. Israel, M. H. Javaid, A. Liewer, K. M. Matsuno, S. Miki, C. Mottram, M. Nam, J. Naudet, C. J. Nichol, R. J. Romero-Wolf, A. Ruckman, L. Saltzberg, D. Seckel, D. Shang, R. Y. Stockham, M. Varner, G. S. Vieregg, A. G. Wang, Y. TI Antarctic radio frequency albedo and implications for cosmic ray reconstruction SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Antarctica; surface roughness; albedo; interferometry; cosmic ray ID ULTRAHIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS AB We describe herein a measurement of the Antarctic surface roughness performed by the balloon-borne ANITA (Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna) experiment. Originally purposed for cosmic ray astrophysics, the radio frequency (RF) receiver ANITA gondola, from its 38 km altitude vantage point, can scan a disk of snow surface 600 km in radius. The primary purpose of ANITA is to detect RF emissions from cosmic rays incident on Antarctica, such as neutrinos which penetrate through the atmosphere and interact within the ice, resulting in signal directed upward which then refracts at the ice-air interface and up and out to ANITA, or high-energy nuclei (most likely irons or protons), which interact in the upper atmosphere (at altitudes below ANITA) and produce a spray of down-coming RF which reflects off the snow surface and back up to the gondola. The energy of such high-energy nuclei can be inferred from the observed reflected signal only if the surface reflectivity is known. We describe herein an attempt to quantify the Antarctic surface reflectivity, using the Sun as a constant, unpolarized RF source. We find that the reflectivity of the surface generally follows the expectations from the Fresnel equations, lending support to the use of those equations to give an overall correction factor to calculate cosmic ray energies for all locations in Antarctica. The analysis described below is based on ANITA-II data. After launching from McMurdo Station in December 2008, ANITA-II was aloft for a period of 31 days with a typical instantaneous duty cycle exceeding 95%. C1 [Besson, D. Z.; Stockham, J.; Sullivan, M.; Stockham, M.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Besson, D. Z.] Natl Res Nucl Univ, MEPhI Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Allison, P.; Beatty, J. J.; Connolly, A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Belov, K.; Hoover, S.; Saltzberg, D.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Binns, W. R.; Dowkontt, P. F.; Israel, M. H.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Chen, C.; Chen, P.; Nam, J.; Shang, R. Y.; Wang, Y.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. [Clem, J. M.; Javaid, A.; Seckel, D.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Gorham, P. W.; Matsuno, S.; Miki, C.; Romero-Wolf, A.; Ruckman, L.; Varner, G. S.] Dept Phys, Honolulu, HI USA. [Hoover, S.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hoover, S.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Liewer, K. M.; Naudet, C. J.; Romero-Wolf, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Mottram, M.; Nichol, R. J.] UCL, Dept Phys, London, England. [Nam, J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Stockham, J (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Phys, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM jgsnyder21@gmail.com RI Beatty, James/D-9310-2011 OI Beatty, James/0000-0003-0481-4952 FU NASA (NESSF) [NNX07AO05H]; National Science Foundation [NSF0064451] FX We express our gratitude to Frederique Remy for kindly providing us with the Envisat reflectivity data. We also thank the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs, the Department of Energy Office of Science HEP Division, the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council, the National Science Council in Taiwan ROC, Fermilab's QuarkNet Program, the Russian Ministry of Science and Education, and especially the staff of the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility. A. Romero-Wolf would like to thank NASA (NESSF grant NNX07AO05H) for support for this work. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant NSF0064451. Data used for this analysis and to generate the included figures may be obtained by contacting the corresponding author, J. Stockham (jegab8@ku.edu). NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 50 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1002/2013RS005315 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA CB8PA UT WOS:000349891700001 ER PT J AU Zheng, YH Mason, T Wood, EL AF Zheng, Yihua Mason, Tom Wood, Erin L. TI Forecasting Space Weather Events for a Neighboring World SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT News Item C1 [Zheng, Yihua] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zheng, Yihua] CCMC, Space Weather Res Ctr, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. [Mason, Tom] Univ Colorado, Boulders Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mason, Tom] LASP, MAVEN Mission, Boulder, CO USA. [Wood, Erin L.] Univ Colorado, MAVEN Mission Team, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wood, Erin L.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Zheng, YH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Yihua.Zheng@nasa.gov; tmason@colorado.edu; Erin.Wood@lasp.colorado.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JAN PY 2015 VL 13 IS 1 BP 2 EP 4 DI 10.1002/2014SW001140 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB9VJ UT WOS:000349981300001 ER PT J AU Lane, C Acebal, A Zheng, YH AF Lane, Cory Acebal, Ariel Zheng, Yihua TI Assessing predictive ability of three auroral precipitation models using DMSP energy flux SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL-MODEL; OVATION AB Our study statistically compares the total energy flux outputs of Newell et al.'s () oval variation, assessment, tracking, intensity, and online nowcasting (OVATION) Prime model, Hardy et al.'s () Kp-based model, and a coupled Space Weather Modeling Framework ring current model to energy flux data obtained from 2198 Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellite passes in the Northern Hemisphere. Our DMSP data set includes 28days grouped into continuous 3 and 4day periods between 2000 and 2008 and encompasses magnetic local times (MLTs) between 04:00 and 21:00. We obtain the most equatorward magnetic latitude coordinate, where a DMSP satellite energy flux measurement exceeds 0.4erg/cm(2)/s, and use this point as a proxy for the equatorward boundary of the auroral oval in a particular MLT sector. We then calculate a prediction efficiency (PE) score by comparing the DMSP boundary coordinates to each model, using the same energy flux threshold to obtain a model's boundary location. We find that the PE for the OVATION Prime model is 0.55, and the PE for the Hardy Kp model is 0.51. When we accomplish the same analysis using a higher energy flux threshold equal to 0.6erg/cm(2)/s, the OVATION Prime model's PE increases to 0.58, while the Hardy Kp model's score drops to 0.41. Our results indicate that more complex modeling techniques, like those used in OVATION Prime, can more accurately model the auroral oval's equatorward boundary. However, Hardy's discretized Kp model, despite its relative simplicity, is still a competitive and viable modeling option. C1 [Lane, Cory; Acebal, Ariel] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zheng, Yihua] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lane, C (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM cory.lane@us.af.mil NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JAN PY 2015 VL 13 IS 1 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1002/2014SW001085 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB9VJ UT WOS:000349981300007 ER PT J AU Campbell, LA Bottom, DL Volk, EC Fleming, IA AF Campbell, Lance A. Bottom, Daniel L. Volk, Eric C. Fleming, Ian A. TI Correspondence between Scale Morphometrics and Scale and Otolith Chemistry for Interpreting Juvenile Salmon Life Histories SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHINOOK SALMON; FRESH-WATER; FISH OTOLITHS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; ELECTRON-MICROPROBE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STRONTIUM; RIVER; MICROCHEMISTRY AB Fish scales have long been used to reconstruct fine-scale habitat transitions such as the movement of juvenile fish from freshwater, estuary, and ocean environments. Despite the importance of life history information to fisheries management and conservation, few studies have validated that scale morphology accurately describes fish movement between these habitats. Therefore, we tested the accuracy of using scale morphometric criteria to identify the movement of juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from freshwater to marine portions of the Columbia River estuary by comparing scale morphometric classification, scale chemistry, and otolith chemistry. Nearly one-half of all fish collected in the saline portion of the estuary and approximately one-quarter in the freshwater portion exhibited morphometric patterns (i.e., scale checks and intermediate growth) often associated with periods of estuary rearing. Depending upon the criteria used to define scale checks, otolith chemical results indicated that 33-53% of fish would have been misclassified as estuary residents based solely on their scale patterns. Moreover, many individuals who had resided in strontium-rich estuary water did not form a visible check (37%) on their scales to coincide with estuary entry. We estimated from otolith chemistry that these fish had either entered at or near the size at which scale formation occurs (35-42 mm) or had recently migrated to the saline portion of the estuary (<30 d) before new scale material could be formed and calcified. Scale chemistry alone was a good indicator of entrance into the saline portion of the estuary. Scale chemistry responded to the strontium-enriched salt water, and explained 86% of the variation found in otolith chemistry. Scale morphometric classification did not provide the fine-scale resolution that scale and, even more so, otolith chemistry provided for describing the proportion of juvenile Chinook salmon using the saline portion of the Columbia River estuary. C1 [Campbell, Lance A.; Fleming, Ian A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Campbell, Lance A.; Fleming, Ian A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bottom, Daniel L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Ecol, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Volk, Eric C.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Commercial Fisheries Div, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Campbell, LA (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Div Sci, 1111 Washington St Southeast, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM campblac@dfw.wa.gov RI Fleming, Ian/I-7217-2012 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District; Bonneville Power Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife FX This research was supported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District; the Bonneville Power Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Special thanks to Steven Schroder for advice on most aspects of this manuscript. Additionally, we thank Gordon Reeves and the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Science Laboratory, for laboratory space. We thank the many people who collected and necropsied juvenile Chinook Salmon for scales and otoliths, especially Curtis Roegner, Susan Hinton, Jen Zamon, Paul Bentley, Regan McNatt, George McCabe, and Tom Campbell. We also thank Lang Nguyen and Dana Anderson of the Washington Department of fish and Wildlife Otolith Laboratory, for assistance in otolith sample preparation. We thank Adam Kent and Andy Ungerer at the Keck Collaboratory for Mass Spectrometry, Oregon State University, for assistance in microchemistry analysis. Lastly we thank Andrew Claiborne, Paul Chittaro, John Sneva, Brian Wells, and one anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful critiques that have improved this manuscript. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 1 BP 55 EP 67 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.963253 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CC0KX UT WOS:000350025600006 ER PT J AU Nearing, GS Gupta, HV AF Nearing, Grey S. Gupta, Hoshin V. TI The quantity and quality of information in hydrologic models SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE model information; model benchmarking; information theory; induction; system identification; Bayesian learning ID ENTROPY; FILTER AB The role of models in science is to facilitate predictions from hypotheses. Although the idea that models provide information is widely reported and has been used as the basis for model evaluation, benchmarking, and updating strategies, this intuition has not been formally developed and current benchmarking strategies remain ad hoc at a fundamental level. Here we interpret what it means to say that a model provides information in the context of the formal inductive philosophy of science. We show how information theory can be used to measure the amount of information supplied by a model, and derive standard model benchmarking and evaluation activities in this context. We further demonstrate that, via a process of induction, dynamical models store information from hypotheses and observations about the systems that they represent, and that this stored information can be directly measured. C1 [Nearing, Grey S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gupta, Hoshin V.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Nearing, GS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM grey.s.nearing@nasa.gov RI Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010 OI Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839 FU NASA ROSES Terrestrial Hydrology Program [NNH10ZDA001N-THP]; Australian Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science [CE110001028] FX Data, models, and code may be obtained from the first author on request. The first author acknowledges support from the NASA ROSES Terrestrial Hydrology Program (NNH10ZDA001N-THP). The second author acknowledges support by the Australian Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science (CE110001028). Thank you to Patrick Reed, Tobias Krueger, Steven Weijs, and an anonymous reviewer for their very insightful comments. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 524 EP 538 DI 10.1002/2014WR015895 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CB8OO UT WOS:000349889800029 ER PT J AU Holzmann, GJ AF Holzmann, Gerard J. TI To Code Is Human SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Encoding; Software reliability; Computer programs; Software engineering; Reliability engineering; program processors; software engineering; computer programming; programming errors; compilers C1 Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Holzmann, GJ (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM gholzmann@acm.org NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7459 EI 1937-4194 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 32 IS 1 BP 14 EP 17 DI 10.1109/MS.2015.19 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA CB4UU UT WOS:000349624600003 ER PT J AU Autsavapromporn, N Plante, I Liu, CH Konishi, T Usami, N Funayama, T Azzam, EI Murakami, T Suzuki, M AF Autsavapromporn, Narongchai Plante, Ianik Liu, Cuihua Konishi, Teruaki Usami, Noriko Funayama, Tomoo Azzam, Edouard I. Murakami, Takeshi Suzuki, Masao TI Genetic changes in progeny of bystander human fibroblasts after microbeam irradiation with X-rays, protons or carbon ions: The relevance to cancer risk SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Late effects of radiation; bystander effect; microbeams; secondary cancers; linear energy transfer; gap junction intercellular communication ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; INDUCED GENOMIC INSTABILITY; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; LOW FLUENCES; IONIZING-RADIATION; WATER RADIOLYSIS; MOLECULAR YIELDS; LIQUID WATER; ENERGY AB Purpose: Radiation-induced bystander effects have important implications in radiotherapy. Their persistence in normal cells may contribute to risk of health hazards, including cancer. This study investigates the role of radiation quality and gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) in the propagation of harmful effects in progeny of bystander cells. Materials and methods: Confluent human skin fibroblasts were exposed to microbeam radiations with different linear energy transfer (LET) at mean absorbed doses of 0.4 Gy by which 0.036-0.4% of the cells were directly targeted by radiation. Following 20 population doublings, the cells were harvested and assayed for micronucleus formation, gene mutation and protein oxidation. Results: Our results showed that expression of stressful effects in the progeny of bystander cells is dependent on LET. The progeny of bystander cells exposed to X-rays (LET similar to 6 keV/mu m) or protons (LET similar to 11 keV/mm) showed persistent oxidative stress, which correlated with increased micronucleus formation and mutation at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) locus. Such effects were not observed after irradiation by carbon ions (LET similar to 103 keV/mm). Interestingly, progeny of bystander cells from cultures exposed to protons or carbon ions under conditions where GJIC was inhibited harbored reduced oxidative and genetic damage. This mitigating effect was not detected when the cultures were exposed to X-rays. Conclusions: These findings suggest that cellular exposure to proton and heavy charged particle with LET properties similar to those used here can reduce the risk of lesions associated with cancer. The ability of cells to communicate via gap junctions at the time of irradiation appears to impact residual damage in progeny of bystander cells. C1 [Autsavapromporn, Narongchai; Liu, Cuihua; Murakami, Takeshi; Suzuki, Masao] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Res Program Applicat Heavy Ions Med Sci, Chiba 260, Japan. [Autsavapromporn, Narongchai] Chiang Mai Univ, Div Therapeut Radiol & Oncol, Dept Radiol, Fac Med, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. [Plante, Ianik] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Wyle Sci Technol & Engn, Houston, TX USA. [Konishi, Teruaki] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Dept Tech Support & Dev, Chiba 260, Japan. [Usami, Noriko] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Photon Factory, Ibaraki, Japan. [Funayama, Tomoo] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Microbeam Radiat Biol Grp, Med & Biotechnol Applicat Div, Quantum Beam Sci Directorate, Gunma, Japan. [Azzam, Edouard I.] Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Med Sch, Ctr Canc, Newark, NJ USA. RP Autsavapromporn, N (reprint author), Chiang Mai Univ, Div Therapeut Radiol & Oncol, Dept Radiol, Fac Med, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. EM autsavapromporn186@gmail.com RI Konishi, Teruaki/B-9638-2008 OI Konishi, Teruaki/0000-0002-2485-9659 FU National Institute of Radiological Sciences; Japan Society of Promotion of Sciences KAKENHI [23-01513, 18310042, 24620014]; Quantum Beam Technology Program from Japan Sciences and Technology Agency; NIH [CA049062] FX We thank Drs Katsumi Kobayashi, Yasuhiko Kobayashi, Yasuko Mutou, Yuya Hattori, Yuichiro Yokota, Masakazu Oikawa, Ms Hiroko Ikeda, Ms Alisa Kobayashi and their colleagues for their support during the experiments at KEK, TIARA-JAEA and SPICE-NIRS. This work was supported by grants from National Institute of Radiological Sciences, the Japan Society of Promotion of Sciences KAKENHI (grant number 23-01513, 18310042 and 24620014) and the Quantum Beam Technology Program from the Japan Sciences and Technology Agency. EIA is supported by NIH grant CA049062. The authors sincerely apologize to those whose work was not cited due to space constraints. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 EI 1362-3095 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 91 IS 1 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.3109/09553002.2014.950715 PG 9 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CB3VS UT WOS:000349557900007 PM 25084840 ER PT J AU Crespo, LG Kenny, SP AF Crespo, Luis G. Kenny, Sean P. TI Special Edition on Uncertainty Quantification of the AIAA Journal of Aerospace Computing, Information, and Communication SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Crespo, Luis G.; Kenny, Sean P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Crespo, LG (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROSP INFORM SYST JI J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 12 IS 1 BP 9 EP 9 DI 10.2514/1.I010359 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CB4TI UT WOS:000349620700002 ER PT J AU Grauer, JA Morelli, EA AF Grauer, Jared A. Morelli, Eugene A. TI Generic Global Aerodynamic Model for Aircraft SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID DECOMPOSITION; DATABASES AB Multivariate-orthogonal-function modeling was applied to wind-tunnel databases for eight different aircraft to identify a generic global aerodynamic model structure that could be used for any of the aircraft. For each aircraft database and each nondimensional aerodynamic coefficient, global models were identified from multivariate polynomials in the nondimensional states and controls, using an orthogonalization procedure. A predicted-square-error criterion was used to automatically select the model terms. Modeling terms selected in at least half of the analyses, which totaled 45 terms, were retained to form the generic global aerodynamic model structure. Least squares was used to estimate the model parameters and associated uncertainty that best fit the generic global aerodynamic model structure to each database. The result was a single generic aerodynamic model structure that could be used to accurately characterize the global aerodynamics for any of the eight aircraft, simply by changing the values of the model parameters. Nonlinear flight simulations were used to demonstrate that the generic global aerodynamic model accurately reproduces trim solutions, local dynamic behavior, and global dynamic behavior under large-amplitude excitation. This compact global aerodynamic model can decrease flight-computer memory requirements for implementing onboard fault detection or flight control systems, enable quick changes for conceptual aircraft models, and provide smooth analytical functional representations of the global aerodynamics for control and optimization applications. All information required to construct global aerodynamic models for nonlinear simulations of the eight aircraft is provided in this paper. C1 [Grauer, Jared A.; Morelli, Eugene A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Dynam Syst & Control Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Grauer, JA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Dynam Syst & Control Branch, MS 308, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. FU NASA Aviation Safety Program; Vehicle Systems Safety Technologies project; Subsonic Fixed Wing Project FX This research was funded by the NASA Aviation Safety Program, the Vehicle Systems Safety Technologies project, and the Subsonic Fixed Wing Project. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 52 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.2514/1.C032888 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CB3VO UT WOS:000349557500002 ER PT J AU Liao, W Malik, MR Lee-Rausch, EM Li, F Nielsen, EJ Buning, PG Choudhari, M Chang, CL AF Liao, Wei Malik, Mujeeb R. Lee-Rausch, Elizabeth M. Li, Fei Nielsen, Eric J. Buning, Pieter G. Choudhari, Meelan Chang, Chau-Lyan TI Boundary-Layer Stability Analysis of the Mean Flows Obtained Using Unstructured Grids SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT FLOWS AB Boundary-layer stability analyses of mean flows extracted from unstructured-grid Navier-Stokes solutions have been performed. A procedure has been developed to extract mean flow profiles from the FUN3D unstructured-grid solutions for the purpose of stability analysis. Extensive code-to-code validations were performed by comparing the extracted mean flows as well as the corresponding stability characteristics to the predictions based on structured-grid mean flow solutions. Comparisons were made for a set of progressively complex geometric configurations ranging from a simple flat plate to a full aircraft configuration: a modified Gulfstream III with a natural laminar-flow glove. The results for the swept wing flow over the wing-glove assembly point to the need for stability analysis based on Navier-Stokes solutions or possibly fully three-dimensional boundary-layer codes when the underlying flow develops strong three-dimensionality. The effect of grid resolution, mean flow convergence, and low-order interpolation to a stability grid on metrics relevant to linear stability of the boundary-layer flow are also examined to provide guidelines for the use of both structured and unstructured grids in practical applications related to transition prediction for swept wing boundary layers. C1 Natl Inst Aerosp, Corvid Technol, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. Computat AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Liao, Wei] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Malik, Mujeeb R.; Lee-Rausch, Elizabeth M.; Li, Fei; Nielsen, Eric J.; Buning, Pieter G.; Choudhari, Meelan; Chang, Chau-Lyan] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat AeroSci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Liao, W (reprint author), Corvid Technol, Mooresville, NC 28117 USA. EM wei.liao@corvidtec.com; m.r.malik@nasa.gov; e.lee-rausch@nasa.gov; fei.li@nasa.gov; eric.j.nielsen@nasa.gov; pieter.g.buning@nasa.gov; m.m.choudhari@nasa.gov; chau-lyan.chang@nasa.gov RI Choudhari, Meelan/F-6080-2017 OI Choudhari, Meelan/0000-0001-9120-7362 FU NASA's Environmentally Responsible Aviation and Subsonic Fixed Wing projects FX The current work was supported by NASA's Environmentally Responsible Aviation and Subsonic Fixed Wing projects. The authors thank Robert Biedron, James Thomas, Christopher Rumsey, and Dana Hammond of NASA Langley Research Center; and Boris Diskin of the National Institute of Aerospace for their valuable suggestions and fruitful discussions. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 52 IS 1 BP 49 EP 63 DI 10.2514/1.C032583 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CB3VO UT WOS:000349557500006 ER PT J AU Acosta, DM Yildiz, Y Craun, RW Beard, SD Leonard, MW Hardy, GH Weinstein, M AF Acosta, Diana M. Yildiz, Yildiray Craun, Robert W. Beard, Steven D. Leonard, Michael W. Hardy, Gordon H. Weinstein, Michael TI Piloted Evaluation of a Control Allocation Technique to Recover from Pilot-Induced Oscillations SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID BOUND-CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM AB This paper describes the maturation of a control allocation technique designed to assist pilots in recovery from pilot-induced oscillations. The control allocation technique to recover from pilot-induced oscillations is designed to enable next-generation high-efficiency aircraft designs. Energy-efficient next-generation aircraft require feedback control strategies that will enable lowering the actuator rate limit requirements for optimal airframe design. A common issue on aircraft with actuator rate limitations is they are susceptible to pilot-induced oscillations caused by the phase lag between the pilot inputs and control surface response. The control allocation technique to recover from pilot-induced oscillations uses real-time optimization for control allocation to eliminate phase lag in the system caused by control surface rate limiting. System impacts of the control allocator were assessed through a piloted simulation evaluation of a nonlinear aircraft model in the NASA Ames Research Center's Vertical Motion Simulator. Results indicate that the control allocation technique to recover from pilot-induced oscillations helps reduce oscillatory behavior introduced by control surface rate limiting, including the pilot-induced oscillation tendencies reported by pilots. C1 [Acosta, Diana M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Yildiz, Yildiray] Univ Affiliated Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Craun, Robert W.] Mission Critical Technol Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Beard, Steven D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Aerosp Simulat Res & Dev Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Leonard, Michael W.; Hardy, Gordon H.; Weinstein, Michael] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Yildiz, Yildiray] Bilkent Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ankara 06800, Turkey. RP Acosta, DM (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Mail Stop 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. FU NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, the Fundamental Aeronautics Program's Subsonic Fixed Wing Project; NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, the Integrated Systems Research Program's Environmentally Responsible Aviation Project FX The authors extend their appreciation to two projects within the NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, the Fundamental Aeronautics Program's Subsonic Fixed Wing Project and the Integrated Systems Research Program's Environmentally Responsible Aviation Project, for their support of this research. This research was accomplished with the contributions of many individuals and organizations. The authors thank our project pilot and coauthor, Gordon H. Hardy, for his guidance throughout the research and evaluation of the control allocation technique to recover from pilot-induced oscillations. In addition to Gordon H. Hardy, the authors thank the pilots who participated in and provided insight during the preliminary and final simulation evaluations, including Dana Purifoy, Richard Ewers and Jim Smolka from the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center; Carl Ott from the U.S. Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate; Dan Dugan from NASA Ames Research Center; Jim Lindsey from Monterey Technologies, Inc., at NASA Ames Research Center; Jim Martin; and George Tucker. The authors are also thankful for the exceptional service and assistance provided by the NASA Ames Research Center Vertical Motion Simulator team. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 52 IS 1 BP 130 EP 140 DI 10.2514/1.C032576 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CB3VO UT WOS:000349557500012 ER PT J AU Yeo, H Johnson, W AF Yeo, Hyeonsoo Johnson, Wayne TI Prediction of Maximum Lift Capability of Helicopter Rotors SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC STALL; PERFORMANCE AB Maximum rotor lift capability is investigated using wind-tunnel test data of McHugh (modified 1/10-scale CH-47B rotor) and a full-scale UH-60A rotor. Rotor performance calculations with the comprehensive rotorcraft analysis CAMRAD II are compared with the wind-tunnel test data. The analysis of the McHugh rotor with the Reynolds-number-corrected airfoil table shows good correlation with the measurements for mu = 0.1 to 0.5 and is able to predict the maximum rotor lift reasonably well, especially at 0.2 <= mu <= 0.4. The analysis is also able to predict the maximum lift of the full-scale UH-60A rotor within about 3.5% at mu = 0.24 and 0.3. Calculations with dynamic stall models, in general, show only a small influence on the rotor performance and are not necessary to predict maximum lift. Airfoils have an important role in defining the maximum lift capability of the rotor. The VR-12 airfoil, which has stall characteristics superior to the baseline V23010 airfoil, substantially improves the maximum lift capability of the McHugh rotor, showing the potential to improve the behavior of a rotor by improving the airfoil's static stall characteristics. C1 [Yeo, Hyeonsoo] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, US Army Aviat Dev Directorate, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Johnson, Wayne] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Aeromech Off, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Yeo, H (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, US Army Aviat Dev Directorate, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM hyeonsoo.yeo.civ@mail.mil; wayne.johnson@nasa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 52 IS 1 BP 257 EP 265 DI 10.2514/1.C032693 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CB3VO UT WOS:000349557500023 ER PT J AU Brown, CA Clem, MM Fagan, AF AF Brown, Clifford A. Clem, Michelle M. Fagan, Amy F. TI Investigation of Broadband Shock Noise from a Jet Near a Planar Surface SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB Many current and future aircraft designs rely on the wing or other aircraft surfaces to shield observers on the ground from the engine noise. However, the available data showing how surfaces interact with a jet to shield and/or enhance the jet noise are currently limited. Therefore, far-field noise data and background-oriented schlieren images were acquired for a round jet, operating in the overexpanded, ideally expanded, and underexpanded supersonic flow regimes, near a planar surface to investigate how airframe surfaces might affect the shock-cell structure in the jet plume and the broadband shock noise produced. These data show that broadband shock noise is produced by the relatively weak shocks far downstream of the nozzle exit; consequently, a surface will be effective at reducing broadband shock noise only if it is long enough to shield the noise produced by shocks. Furthermore, the presence of a surface very near the edge of an underexpanded jet increases the shock-cell spacing, pushing the shock cells farther downstream. Conversely, the surface has a minimal affect on the shock cells in an overexpanded jet. C1 [Brown, Clifford A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Acoust Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Clem, Michelle M.; Fagan, Amy F.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Opt & Photon Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Brown, CA (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Acoust Branch, 21000 Brookpark Raod, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. FU NASA FX This work was supported by the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program, High Speed and Fixed Wing Projects. The authors also greatly appreciate the help of Gary Podboy reviewing this work and providing insight based his phased-array data. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 52 IS 1 BP 266 EP 273 DI 10.2514/1.C032695 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CB3VO UT WOS:000349557500024 ER PT J AU Commo, SA Lynn, KC Toro, KG Landman, D AF Commo, Sean A. Lynn, Keith C. Toro, Kenneth G. Landman, Drew TI Development of the In Situ Load System for Internal Wind-Tunnel Balances SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID FORCE AB Results from the Facility Analysis Verification and Operational Reliability project revealed a critical gap in capability in ground-based aeronautics-research applications. Without a standardized process for check loading the wind-tunnel balance or the model system, the quality of the aerodynamic force data collected varied significantly between facilities. The In Situ Load System was developed to provide a standard for facilities in the check-loading process. The system includes both the hardware and a statistically rigorous process that facilitates the ability for the user to make defendable decisions on the performance of the system. The compactness and simplicity of the system reduce customer costs unrelated to achieving the research objectives, while simultaneously improving the knowledge about the accuracy of the test data collected. While the focus is on the check-load process, the hardware and methods are also applicable to the in situ calibration of a balance or wind-tunnel model system. C1 [Commo, Sean A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Syst Engn & Engn Methods Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Lynn, Keith C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeronaut Syst Engn Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Toro, Kenneth G.; Landman, Drew] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Commo, SA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Syst Engn & Engn Methods Branch, MS 131, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. FU National Force Measurement Technology Capability under NASA's Aeronautics Test Program FX This work has been supported and funded by the National Force Measurement Technology Capability under NASA's Aeronautics Test Program. The authors would like to express their sincere appreciation to the individuals that have contributed to the many aspects of this project. In particular, the authors would like to recognize the following for the critical contributions: J. Greg Jones for his extensive expertise, knowledge, and dedication to balance calibrations; Ray Rhew for his valuable input on force-measurement-system design and characterization; Peter Parker for his insight on the single-vector system (SVS) and consultation during the development of the In Situ Load System (ILS); and Michael Acheson for his initial work with the ILS. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 52 IS 1 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.2514/1.C032691 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CB3VO UT WOS:000349557500026 ER PT J AU Bokelmann, KA Russell, RP Lantoine, G AF Bokelmann, Kevin A. Russell, Ryan P. Lantoine, Gregory TI Periodic Orbits and Equilibria Near Jovian Moons Using an Electrodynamic Tether SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY MOONS; 3-BODY PROBLEM; STABILITY; JUPITER; EUROPA; PLANAR; POWER AB Various researchers have proposed the use of electrodynamic tethers for power generation and capture from interplanetary transfers. In this paper, the effect of tether forces on periodic orbits in the Jupiter-Io system is investigated. A series of simplifications to the Lorentz force-perturbed circular-restricted three-body problem allows the development of a conservative formulation that admits a Jacobi integral. Although the conservative approximation introduces a modest magnitude error in the regions of interest, the correct perturbation direction is preserved. The presence of the Jacobi integral is amenable to the search for equilibria, periodic orbits, and the use of dynamic tools such as zero-velocity curves. The perturbed equations of motion lead to modified equilibrium positions, which are found at both Io and Metis. New families of modified Lyapunov orbits are generated at Io as functions of tether size and Jacobi integral from preexisting families as well as the new modified equilibrium points. Stability analyses are used to evaluate the dynamical properties of tether-modified orbits, and several stable orbits are identified. Multiple new families are archived with unique dynamical properties, including orbits with multiple loops and orbits that directly lead the moon. C1 [Bokelmann, Kevin A.; Russell, Ryan P.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lantoine, Gregory] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bokelmann, KA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM kbokelmann@utexas.edu; ryan.russell@utexas.edu; gregory.lantoine@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts program [NNH12ZUA002N] FX This study was funded by NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts program, under the announcement number NNH12ZUA002N. The authors also express their gratitude to Hank Garrett, Ira Katz, and Rodney Anderson from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for contributing their expertise in tether and third-body dynamics. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 38 IS 1 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.2514/1.G000428 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CB3VW UT WOS:000349558300003 ER PT J AU Jackson, KR Gruber, MR Buccellato, S AF Jackson, Kevin R. Gruber, Mark R. Buccellato, Salvatore TI Mach 6-8+Hydrocarbon-Fueled Scramjet Flight Experiment: The HIFiRE Flight 2 Project SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition CY JAN 06-11, 2013 CL Grapevine, TX SP AIAA AB The Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation (HIFiRE) program is a collaborative international effort designed to study basic hypersonic phenomena through flight experimentation. On 1May2012, the HIFiRE Flight 2 project successfully flew a hydrocarbon-fueled, Mach 8 scramjet experiment and demonstrated the ability to fly an accelerating, constant dynamic pressure trajectory consistent with a scramjet-powered flight vehicle using unguided sounding rocket techniques. The project goals of capturing high-quality flight data from a research scramjet operating through dual-to-scram mode transition up to and beyond Mach 8 were achieved. HIFiRE Flight 2 is unique in its contribution to scramjet research, providing a reference dataset to the hydrocarbon scramjet community while maturing a novel and reduced-cost strategy for performing similar future experiments. This paper describes the programmatic approach, the overall scramjet flight test experiment mission objectives, and the flight test strategy. It also includes an overview of launch system and payload hardware, and brief discussions of flight activities, flight data, and experimental results. Preliminary results from flight indicate a fully successful mission and experiment. Based on evaluations of data collected during the project, including ground test, flight test, and multiple analysis activities, all project-level scientific objectives have been successfully achieved. C1 [Jackson, Kevin R.; Gruber, Mark R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Buccellato, Salvatore] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Jackson, KR (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 31 IS 1 BP 36 EP 53 DI 10.2514/1.B35350 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CB1BS UT WOS:000349362100003 ER PT J AU Arnaud, M Atrio-Barandela, F Aumont, J Baccigalupi, C Banday, AJ Barreiro, RB Battaner, E Benabed, K Benoit-Levy, A Bernard, JT Bersanelli, M Bielewicz, P Bonaldi, A Bond, JR Borril, J Bouchet, ER Bueini, CS Burigana, C Cardoso, JF Casassus, S Catalano, A Cerrigone, L Chamballu, A Chiang, HC Colombi, S Colombo, LPL Couchot, F Crill, BP Curto, A Cuttaia, E Davies, RD Davis, RJ de Bernardis, P de Rosa, A de Zotti, G Delabrouille, J Dickinson, C Diego, JM Donzelli, S Dore, O Dupac, X Ensslin, TA Eriksen, HK Finelli, E Frailis, M Franceschi, E Galeotta, S Ganga, K Giard, M Gonzalez-Nuevo, J Gorski, KM Gregorio, A Gruppuso, A Hansen, EK Harrison, DL Hildebrandt, SR Hivon, E Holmes, WA Hora, JL Hornstrup, A Hovest, W Huffenberger, KM Jaffe, TR Jones, WC Juvela, M Keihanen, E Keskitalo, R Kisner, TS Knoche, J Kunz, M Kurki-Suonio, H Lahteenmaki, A Lamarre, JM Lasenby, A Lawrence, CR Leonardi, R Leto, P Lilje, PB Linden-Vornle, M Lopez-Cannieo, M Macias-Perez, JE Maffei, B Maino, D Mandolesi, N Martin, PG Masi, S Massardi, M Matarrese, S Mazzotta, P Mendes, L Mennella, A Migliaccio, M Miville-Deschenes, MA Moneti, A Montier, L Morgante, G Mortlock, D Munshi, D Murphy, JA Naselsky, P Nati, E Natoli, P Noviello, F Novikov, D Novikov, I Pagano, L Pajot, F Paladini, R Paoletti, D Peel, M Perdereau, O Perrotta, E Piacentini, E Piat, M Pietrobon, D Plaszczynski, S Pointecouteau, E Polenta, G Popa, L Pratt, GW Procopio, P Prunet, S Puget, JL Rachen, JP Reinecke, M Remazeilles, M Ricciardi, S Riller, T Ristorcelli, I Rocha, G Rossett, C Roudier, G Rubino-Martin, JA Rusholme, B Sandri, M Savini, G Scott, D Spencer, LD Stolyarov, V Sutton, D Suur-Uski, AS Sygnet, JF Tauber, JA Terenzi, L Toffolatti, L Tomasi, M Trigilio, C Tristram, M Trombetti, T Tucci, M Umana, G Valiviita, J Van Tent, B Vielva, P Villa, E Wade, LA Wandelt, BD Zacchei, A Zijlstra, A Zonca, A AF Arnaud, M. Atrio-Barandela, F. Aumont, J. Baccigalupi, C. Banday, A. J. Barreiro, R. B. Battaner, E. Benabed, K. Benoit-Levy, A. Bernard, J. T. Bersanelli, M. Bielewicz, P. Bonaldi, A. Bond, J. R. Borril, J. Bouchet, E. R. Bueini, C. S. Burigana, C. Cardoso, J. -F Casassus, S. Catalano, A. Cerrigone, L. Chamballu, A. Chiang, H. C. Colombi, S. Colombo, L. P. L. Couchot, F. Crill, B. P. Curto, A. Cuttaia, E. Davies, R. D. Davis, R. J. de Bernardis, P. de Rosa, A. de Zotti, G. Delabrouille, J. Dickinson, C. Diego, J. M. Donzelli, S. Dore, O. Dupac, X. Ensslin, T. A. Eriksen, H. K. Finelli, E. Frailis, M. Franceschi, E. Galeotta, S. Ganga, K. Giard, M. Gonzalez-Nuevo, J. Gorski, K. M. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, A. Hansen, E. K. Harrison, D. L. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hivon, E. Holmes, W. A. Hora, J. L. Hornstrup, A. Hovest, W. Huffenberger, K. M. Jaffe, T. R. Jones, W. C. Juvela, M. Keihanen, E. Keskitalo, R. Kisner, T. S. Knoche, J. Kunz, M. Kurki-Suonio, H. Lahteenmaki, A. Lamarre, J. -M. Lasenby, A. Lawrence, C. R. Leonardi, R. Leto, P. Lilje, P. B. Linden-Vornle, M. Lopez-Cannieo, M. Macias-Perez, J. E. Maffei, B. Maino, D. Mandolesi, N. Martin, P. G. Masi, S. Massardi, M. Matarrese, S. Mazzotta, P. Mendes, L. Mennella, A. Migliaccio, M. Miville-Deschenes, M. -A. Moneti, A. Montier, L. Morgante, G. Mortlock, D. Munshi, D. Murphy, J. A. Naselsky, P. Nati, E. Natoli, P. Noviello, F. Novikov, D. Novikov, I. Pagano, L. Pajot, F. Paladini, R. Paoletti, D. Peel, M. Perdereau, O. Perrotta, E. Piacentini, E. Piat, M. Pietrobon, D. Plaszczynski, S. Pointecouteau, E. Polenta, G. Popa, L. Pratt, G. W. Procopio, P. Prunet, S. Puget, J. -L. Rachen, J. P. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, M. Ricciardi, S. Riller, T. Ristorcelli, I. Rocha, G. Rossett, C. Roudier, G. Rubino-Martin, J. A. Rusholme, B. Sandri, M. Savini, G. Scott, D. Spencer, L. D. Stolyarov, V. Sutton, D. Suur-Uski, A. -S. Sygnet, J. -F. Tauber, J. A. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, L. Tomasi, M. Trigilio, C. Tristram, M. Trombetti, T. Tucci, M. Umana, G. Valiviita, J. Van Tent, B. Vielva, P. Villa, E. Wade, L. A. Wandelt, B. D. Zacchei, A. Zijlstra, A. Zonca, A. TI Planck intermediate results. XVIII. The millimetre and sub-millimetre emission from planetary nebulae SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE planetary nebulae: general; radio continuum: ISM; submillimeter: ISM ID PRE-LAUNCH STATUS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; RADIO-CONTINUUM SPECTRA; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; HELIX NEBULA; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FLUX DENSITIES; SOURCE CATALOG; 5 GHZ; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS AB Late stages of stellar evolution are characterized by copious mass-loss events whose signature is the formation of circumstellar envelopes (CSE). Planck multi-frequency measurements have provided relevant information on a sample of Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe) in the important and relatively unexplored observational band between 30 and 857 GHz. Planck enables the assembly of comprehensive PNe spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from radio to far-IR frequencies. Modelling the derived SEDs provides us with information on physical properties of CSEs and the mass content of both main components: ionized gas, traced by the free-free emission at cm-mm waves; and thermal dust, traced by the millimetre and far-IR emission. In particular, the amount of ionized gas and dust has been derived here. Such quantities have also been estimated for the very young PN CRL618, where the strong variability observed in its radio and millimetre emission has previously prevented constructing its SED. A morphological study of the Helix Nebula was also performed. Planck maps reveal, for the first time, the spatial distribution of the dust inside the envelope, allowing us to identify different components, the most interesting of which is a very extended component (up to 1 pc) that may be related to a region where the slow expanding envelope is interacting with the surrounding interstellar medium. C1 [Cardoso, J. -F; Delabrouille, J.; Ganga, K.; Piat, M.; Remazeilles, M.; Rossett, C.; Roudier, G.] Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, APC,CNRS,1N2P3,CEA,Irfu, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Lahteenmaki, A.] Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, Aalto 00076, Finland. [Lahteenmaki, A.] Aalto Univ, Dept Radio Sci & Engn, Aalto 00076, Finland. [Kunz, M.] African Inst Math Sci, ZA-7945 Cape Town, South Africa. [Natoli, P.; Polenta, G.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Mandolesi, N.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, I-00198 Rome, Italy. [Curto, A.; Lasenby, A.; Stolyarov, V.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Chiang, H. C.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa. [Bond, J. R.; Martin, P. G.; Miville-Deschenes, M. -A.] Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Banday, A. J.; Bernard, J. T.; Bielewicz, P.; Giard, M.; Jaffe, T. R.; Montier, L.; Pointecouteau, E.; Ristorcelli, I.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Dore, O.; Rocha, G.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cerrigone, L.] CSIC, Ctr Astrobiol, INTA, Madrid 28850, Spain. [Borril, J.; Keskitalo, R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. [Chamballu, A.] CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Hornstrup, A.; Linden-Vornle, M.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Institute, DTU Space, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Kunz, M.; Tucci, M.] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Theor, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Atrio-Barandela, F.] Univ Salamanca, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Fundamental, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. [Toffolatti, L.] Univ Oviedo, Dept Fis, E-33007 Oviedo, Spain. [Rachen, J. P.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Scott, D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Colombo, L. P. L.] Univ So Calif, Dept Phys & Astron, Dana & David Dornsife Coll Letter Arts & Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Benoit-Levy, A.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Huffenberger, K. M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Juvela, M.; Keihanen, E.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Suur-Uski, A. -S.; Valiviita, J.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Chiang, H. C.; Jones, W. C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zonca, A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Wandelt, B. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL USA. [Matarrese, S.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Burigana, C.; Mandolesi, N.; Natoli, P.] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis Sci Terra, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy. [de Bernardis, P.; Masi, S.; Pagano, L.; Piacentini, E.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Bersanelli, M.; Maino, D.; Mennella, A.; Tomasi, M.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Gregorio, A.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Mazzotta, P.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Naselsky, P.] Niels Bohr Inst, Discovery Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Rubino-Martin, J. A.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [Dupac, X.; Leonardi, R.; Mendes, L.] European Space Agcy, ESAC, Planck Sci Off, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Tauber, J. A.] European Space Agcy, Estec, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Terenzi, L.] Univ eCampus, Fac Ingn, I-22060 Novedrate, CO, Italy. [Hora, J. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kurki-Suonio, H.; Lahteenmaki, A.; Suur-Uski, A. -S.; Valiviita, J.] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Bueini, C. S.; Leto, P.; Trigilio, C.] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAI, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [de Zotti, G.] Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Polenta, G.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Frailis, M.; Galeotta, S.; Gregorio, A.; Zacchei, A.] Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Massardi, M.] Ist Radioastron, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Burigana, C.; de Rosa, A.; Finelli, E.; Franceschi, E.; Gruppuso, A.; Mandolesi, N.; Morgante, G.; Natoli, P.; Paoletti, D.; Procopio, P.; Ricciardi, S.; Sandri, M.; Terenzi, L.; Toffolatti, L.; Trombetti, T.; Villa, E.] IASF Bologna, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Bersanelli, M.; Donzelli, S.; Maino, D.; Mennella, A.; Tomasi, M.] IASF Milano, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Burigana, C.; Finelli, E.; Paoletti, D.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Pagano, L.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Gregorio, A.] Natl Inst Nucl Phys, INFN, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Mortlock, D.; Novikov, D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Paladini, R.; Rusholme, B.] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Aumont, J.; Chamballu, A.; Kunz, M.; Miville-Deschenes, M. -A.; Pajot, F.; Puget, J. -L.; Remazeilles, M.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Benabed, K.; Benoit-Levy, A.; Bouchet, E. R.; Cardoso, J. -F; Colombi, S.; Hivon, E.; Moneti, A.; Prunet, S.; Sygnet, J. -F.; Wandelt, B. D.] CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Popa, L.] Inst Space Sci, Bucharest 077125, Romania. [Harrison, D. L.; Migliaccio, M.; Sutton, D.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Eriksen, H. K.; Hansen, E. K.; Lilje, P. B.] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. [Rubino-Martin, J. A.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38205, Spain. [Barreiro, R. B.; Curto, A.; Diego, J. M.; Gonzalez-Nuevo, J.; Lopez-Cannieo, M.; Toffolatti, L.; Vielva, P.] Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [Colombo, L. P. L.; Crill, B. P.; Dore, O.; Gorski, K. M.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Holmes, W. A.; Lawrence, C. R.; Pietrobon, D.; Rocha, G.; Roudier, G.; Wade, L. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bonaldi, A.; Davies, R. D.; Davis, R. J.; Dickinson, C.; Maffei, B.; Noviello, F.; Peel, M.; Remazeilles, M.; Zijlstra, A.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Harrison, D. L.; Lasenby, A.; Migliaccio, M.; Stolyarov, V.; Sutton, D.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Couchot, F.; Perdereau, O.; Plaszczynski, S.; Tristram, M.; Tucci, M.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, LAL, F-91898 Orsay, France. [Catalano, A.; Lamarre, J. -M.; Roudier, G.] Observ Paris, CNRS, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. [Arnaud, M.; Chamballu, A.; Pratt, G. W.] Univ Paris Diderot, IRFU Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM, CEA,DSM,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Cardoso, J. -F] CNRS, Lab Traitement & Commun Informat, UMR 5141, F-75634 Paris 13, France. [Cardoso, J. -F] Telecom ParisTech, F-75634 Paris 13, France. [Catalano, A.; Macias-Perez, J. E.] Univ Grenoble 1, Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France. [Van Tent, B.] Univ Paris 11, Phys Theor Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Van Tent, B.] CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Kisner, T. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ensslin, T. A.; Hovest, W.; Knoche, J.; Rachen, J. P.; Reinecke, M.; Riller, T.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Murphy, J. A.] Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Expt Phys, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. [Naselsky, P.; Novikov, I.] Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Crill, B. P.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Savini, G.] UCL, Opt Sci Lab, London, England. [Baccigalupi, C.; Bielewicz, P.; de Zotti, G.; Gonzalez-Nuevo, J.; Perrotta, E.] SISSA, Astrophys Sect, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. [Munshi, D.; Spencer, L. D.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CE24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Borril, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stolyarov, V.] Russian Acad Sci, Special Astrophys Observ, Zelenchukskiy Region 369167, Karachai Cherke, Russia. [Benabed, K.; Benoit-Levy, A.; Bouchet, E. R.; Colombi, S.; Hivon, E.; Prunet, S.; Wandelt, B. D.] Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Casassus, S.] Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile. [Banday, A. J.; Bernard, J. T.; Bielewicz, P.; Giard, M.; Jaffe, T. R.; Montier, L.; Pointecouteau, E.; Ristorcelli, I.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Battaner, E.] Univ Granada, Dept Fis Teor & Cosmos, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Battaner, E.] Univ Granada, Inst Carlos Fis Teor & Computac 1, Granada, Spain. [Gorski, K. M.] Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. RP Umana, G (reprint author), Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAI, I-95123 Catania, Italy. EM grazia.umana@oact.inaf.it RI Toffolatti, Luigi/K-5070-2014; Vielva, Patricio/F-6745-2014; Barreiro, Rita Belen/N-5442-2014; Lopez-Caniego, Marcos/M-4695-2013; Gonzalez-Nuevo, Joaquin/I-3562-2014; Gruppuso, Alessandro/N-5592-2015; Novikov, Dmitry/P-1807-2015; Valiviita, Jussi/A-9058-2016; Mazzotta, Pasquale/B-1225-2016; Kurki-Suonio, Hannu/B-8502-2016; Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; Remazeilles, Mathieu/N-1793-2015; Tomasi, Maurizio/I-1234-2016; Casassus, Simon/I-8609-2016; Novikov, Igor/N-5098-2015; Colombo, Loris/J-2415-2016; Nati, Federico/I-4469-2016; popa, lucia/B-4718-2012; Piacentini, Francesco/E-7234-2010; Atrio-Barandela, Fernando/A-7379-2017; Stolyarov, Vladislav/C-5656-2017; OI Toffolatti, Luigi/0000-0003-2645-7386; Vielva, Patricio/0000-0003-0051-272X; Barreiro, Rita Belen/0000-0002-6139-4272; Gonzalez-Nuevo, Joaquin/0000-0003-1354-6822; Gruppuso, Alessandro/0000-0001-9272-5292; Valiviita, Jussi/0000-0001-6225-3693; Mazzotta, Pasquale/0000-0002-5411-1748; Kurki-Suonio, Hannu/0000-0002-4618-3063; Finelli, Fabio/0000-0002-6694-3269; Buemi, Carla Simona/0000-0002-7288-4613; De Zotti, Gianfranco/0000-0003-2868-2595; Sandri, Maura/0000-0003-4806-5375; Franceschi, Enrico/0000-0002-0585-6591; Polenta, Gianluca/0000-0003-4067-9196; Morgante, Gianluca/0000-0001-9234-7412; Lopez-Caniego, Marcos/0000-0003-1016-9283; Peel, Mike/0000-0003-3412-2586; Masi, Silvia/0000-0001-5105-1439; de Bernardis, Paolo/0000-0001-6547-6446; Remazeilles, Mathieu/0000-0001-9126-6266; Tomasi, Maurizio/0000-0002-1448-6131; Colombo, Loris/0000-0003-4572-7732; Nati, Federico/0000-0002-8307-5088; Piacentini, Francesco/0000-0002-5444-9327; Atrio-Barandela, Fernando/0000-0002-2130-2513; Stolyarov, Vladislav/0000-0001-8151-828X; Trombetti, Tiziana/0000-0001-5166-2467; Rubino-Martin, Jose Alberto/0000-0001-5289-3021; Ricciardi, Sara/0000-0002-3807-4043; Savini, Giorgio/0000-0003-4449-9416; Juvela, Mika/0000-0002-5809-4834; Zacchei, Andrea/0000-0003-0396-1192; Hivon, Eric/0000-0003-1880-2733; Lilje, Per/0000-0003-4324-7794; Paoletti, Daniela/0000-0003-4761-6147; Leto, Paolo/0000-0003-4864-2806; Cuttaia, Francesco/0000-0001-6608-5017; Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; Burigana, Carlo/0000-0002-3005-5796; Bouchet, Francois/0000-0002-8051-2924; Villa, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1798-861X; TERENZI, LUCA/0000-0001-9915-6379; Matarrese, Sabino/0000-0002-2573-1243; Galeotta, Samuele/0000-0002-3748-5115; WANDELT, Benjamin/0000-0002-5854-8269; Umana, Grazia/0000-0002-6972-8388; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Gregorio, Anna/0000-0003-4028-8785 FU ESA; CNES (France); CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI (Italy); CNR (Italy); INAF (Italy); NASA (USA); DoE (USA); STFC (UK); UKSA (UK); CSIC (Spain); MICINN (Spain); JA (Spain); RES (Spain); Tekes (Finland); AoF (Finland); CSC (Finland); DLR (Germany); MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); PRACE (EU); Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; European Social Fund; Spanish MICINN [AYA2009-07304, CSD2009-00038] FX The development of Planck has been supported by: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN, JA and RES (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and PRACE (EU). A description of the Planck Collaboration and a list of its members, including the technical or scientific activities in which they have been involved, can be found at http://www.sciops.esa.int/index.php?project=planck&page=Planck_Collabora tion The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. L. Cerrigone acknowledges funding from the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas through a JAE-Doc research contract, co-funded by the European Social Fund. L. C. thanks the Spanish MICINN for funding support through grants AYA2009-07304 and CSD2009-00038. NR 173 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 15 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 573 AR A6 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201423836 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AX4KJ UT WOS:000346901300016 ER PT J AU Gerin, M Ruaud, M Goicoechea, JR Gusdorf, A Godard, B de Luca, M Falgarone, E Goldsmith, P Lis, DC Menten, KM Neufeld, D Phillips, TG Liszt, H AF Gerin, M. Ruaud, M. Goicoechea, J. R. Gusdorf, A. Godard, B. de Luca, M. Falgarone, E. Goldsmith, P. Lis, D. C. Menten, K. M. Neufeld, D. Phillips, T. G. Liszt, H. TI [C II] absorption and emission in the diffuse interstellar medium across the Galactic plane SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM: general; ISM: structure; Galaxy: disk; infrared: ISM ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; FINE-STRUCTURE TRANSITIONS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; G10.6-0.4 W31C; DATA RELEASE; SIGHT-LINES; SPIRAL-ARM; MILKY-WAY; HERSCHEL/HIFI OBSERVATIONS; TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES AB Aims. Ionized carbon is the main gas-phase reservoir of carbon in the neutral diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) and its 158 mu m fine structure transition [C II] is the most important cooling line of the diffuse ISM. We combine [C II] absorption and emission spectroscopy to gain an improved understanding of physical conditions in the different phases of the ISM. Methods. We present high-resolution [C II] spectra obtained with the Herschel/HIFI instrument towards bright dust continuum regions in the Galactic plane, probing simultaneously the diffuse gas along the line of sight and the background high-mass star forming regions. These data are complemented by single pointings in the 492 and 809 GHz fine structure lines of atomic carbon and by medium spectral resolution spectral maps of the fine structure lines of atomic oxygen at 63 and 145 mu m with Herschel/PACS. Results. We show that the presence of foreground absorption may completely cancel the emission from the background source in medium spectral resolution PACS data and that high spectral resolution spectra are needed to interpret the [C II] and [O I] emission and the [C II]/FIR ratio. This phenomenon may explain part of the [C II]/FIR deficit seen in external luminous infrared galaxies where the bright emission from the nuclear regions may be partially canceled by absorption from diffuse gas in the foreground. The C+ and C excitation in the diffuse gas is consistent with a median pressure of similar to 5900 K cm(-3) for a mean kinetic temperature of similar to 100 K. A few higher pressure regions are detected along the lines of sight, as emission features in both fine structure lines of atomic carbon. The knowledge of the gas density allows us to determine the filling factor of the absorbing gas along the selected lines of sight. The derived median value of the filling factor is 2.4%, in good agreement with the properties of the Galactic cold neutral medium. The mean excitation temperature is used to derive the average cooling due to C+ in the Galactic plane : 9.5 x 10(-26) erg(-1)H(-1). Along the observed lines of sight, the gas phase carbon abundance does not exhibit a strong gradient as a function of Galacto-centric radius and has a weighted average of C/H = 1.5 +/- 0.4 x 10(-4). C1 [Gerin, M.; Gusdorf, A.; Godard, B.; de Luca, M.; Falgarone, E.; Lis, D. C.] Observ Paris, LERMA, CNRS UMR 8112, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Gerin, M.; Gusdorf, A.; Godard, B.; de Luca, M.; Falgarone, E.; Lis, D. C.] Ecole Normale Super, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Gerin, M.; Gusdorf, A.; Godard, B.; de Luca, M.; Falgarone, E.; Lis, D. C.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, UMR 8112, LERMA, F-75005 Paris, France. [Ruaud, M.] CNRS, UMR 5804, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, F-33271 Floirac, France. [Goicoechea, J. R.] CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Goldsmith, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lis, D. C.; Phillips, T. G.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Menten, K. M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Neufeld, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Liszt, H.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Gerin, M (reprint author), Observ Paris, LERMA, CNRS UMR 8112, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris 05, France. EM maryvonne.gerin@ens.fr; jr.goicoechea@icmm.csic.es OI Ruaud, Maxime/0000-0003-0522-5789 FU Centre National de Recherche Spatiale (CNES); French Agence Nationale de la Recherche, SCHISM project [ANR-09-BLAN-0231-01]; Spanish MINECO [CDS2009-00038, AYA2009-07304, AYA2012-32032]; 3DICE project - ERC Starting grant [336474]; National Science Foundation FX The Herschel spacecraft was designed, built, tested, and launched under a contract to ESA managed by the Herschel/Planck Project team by an industrial consortium under the overall responsibility of the prime contractor Thales Alenia Space (Cannes), and including Astrium (Friedrichshafen) responsible for the payload module and for system testing at spacecraft level, Thales Alenia Space (Turin) responsible for the service module, and Astrium (Toulouse) responsible for the telescope, with in excess of a hundred subcontractors. HIFI has been designed and built by a consortium of institutes and university departments from across Europe, Canada and the United States under the leadership of SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Groningen, The Netherlands and with major contributions from Germany, France and the US. Consortium members are: Canada: CSA, U. Waterloo; France: CESR, LAB, LERMA, IRAM; Germany: KOSMA, MPIfR, MPS; Ireland, NUI Maynooth; Italy: ASI, IFSI-INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri-INAF; Netherlands: SRON, TUD; Poland: CAMK, CBK; Spain: Observatorio Astronmico Nacional (IGN), Centro de Astrobiologa (CSIC-INTA); Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology - MC2, RSS & GARD; Onsala Space Observatory; Swedish National Space Board, Stockholm University - Stockholm Observatory; Switzerland: ETH Zurich, FHNW; USA: Caltech, JPL, NHSC. HIPE is a joint development by the Herschel Science Ground Segment Consortium, consisting of ESA, the NASA Herschel Science Center, and the HIFI, PACS and SPIRE consortia. M.G., M.R., A.G. and E.F. acknowledge support from the Centre National de Recherche Spatiale (CNES). This work was partly funded by grant ANR-09-BLAN-0231-01 from the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche as part of the SCHISM project. J.R.G. thanks Spanish MINECO for funding support under grants CDS2009-00038, AYA2009-07304 and AYA2012-32032. M.R. is supported by the 3DICE project, funded by an ERC Starting grant (Agreement number 336474). NRAO is operated by Associated Universities, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation. This work was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology for NASA. We thank the referee, E. Jenkins, for his comprehensive report which helped us to significantly improve this paper. NR 67 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 573 AR A30 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201424349 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AX4KJ UT WOS:000346901300041 ER PT J AU Magnelli, B Ivison, RJ Lutz, D Valtchanov, I Farrah, D Berta, S Bertoldi, F Bock, J Cooray, A Ibar, E Karim, A Le Floc'h, E Nordon, R Oliver, SJ Page, M Popesso, P Pozzi, F Rigopoulou, D Riguccini, L Rodighiero, G Rosario, D Roseboom, I Wang, L Wuyts, S AF Magnelli, B. Ivison, R. J. Lutz, D. Valtchanov, I. Farrah, D. Berta, S. Bertoldi, F. Bock, J. Cooray, A. Ibar, E. Karim, A. Le Floc'h, E. Nordon, R. Oliver, S. J. Page, M. Popesso, P. Pozzi, F. Rigopoulou, D. Riguccini, L. Rodighiero, G. Rosario, D. Roseboom, I. Wang, L. Wuyts, S. TI The far-infrared/radio correlation and radio spectral index of galaxies in the SFR-M-* plane up to z similar to 2 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: starburst; galaxies: high-redshift; infrared: galaxies ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; DEEP FIELD-SOUTH; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ABSOLUTE SKY BRIGHTNESS; K-SELECTED GALAXIES; GOODS-NORTH FIELD; VLA-COSMOS SURVEY; 1.4 GHZ SURVEY; LESS-THAN 2; HIGH-REDSHIFT AB We study the evolution of the radio spectral index and far-infrared/radio correlation (FRC) across the star-formation rate - stellar masse (i.e. SFR-M-*) plane up to z similar to 2. We start from a stellar-mass-selected sample of galaxies with reliable SI.--42 and redshift estimates. We then grid the SFR-M plane in several redshift ranges and measure the infrared luminosity, radio luminosity, radio spectral index, and ultimately the FRC index (i.e. q(FIR)) of each SFR-M-*-z bin. The infrared huninosities of our SFR-M-*-z bins are estimated using their stacked far-infrared flux densities inferred from observations obtained with the Herschel Space Observatory. Their radio luminosities and radio spectral indices (i.e. alpha, where S-v proportional to v(-alpha)) are estimated using their stacked.4(11 GElz and 610 MHz :flux densities from the Very Large Array and Giant Metre-wave Radio Telescope, respectively. Our far-infrared and radio observations include the most widely studied blank extragalactic fields - GOODS-N, GOODS-S, ECDFS, and COSMOS - covering a total sky area of similar to 2.0 deg(2). Using this methodology, we constrain the radio spectral index and FRC index of star-forming galaxies with M, > 1010 M and 0 < z < 2.3. We find that alpha(1.4GHz)(610MHz) does not evolve significantly- with redshift or with the distance of a galaxy with respect to the main sequence (MS) of the SFR-M-* plane (i.e. Delta log(SSFR)(MS) = log[SSFR(galaxy)/SSFRMS(M-*,z]). Instead, star-forming galaxies have a radio spectral index consistent with a canonical value of 0.8, which suggests that their radio spectra are dominated by non-thermal optically thin synchrotron emission. We find that the FRC index, qp[R, displays a moderate but statistically significant redshift evolution as q(FIR) (z) = (2.35 +/- 0.08)x(1+z)(-0.12 +/- 0.04), consistent with some previous literature. Finally, we find no significant correlation between CM and Delta log(SSER)(MS), though a weak positive trend, as observed in one of our redshift bins (i.e. Delta[q(FIR)]/Delta[Delta logSSFR)(MS)] = 0.22 +/- 0.07 at 0.5 < z < 0.8), cannot be firmly ruled out using our dataset. C1 [Magnelli, B.; Bertoldi, F.; Karim, A.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Ivison, R. J.; Roseboom, I.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Ivison, R. J.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Lutz, D.; Berta, S.; Popesso, P.; Rosario, D.; Wuyts, S.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Valtchanov, I.] ESAC, Herschel Sci Ctr, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Farrah, D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bock, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cooray, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Ibar, E.] Univ Valparaiso, Inst Fis & Astron, Valparaiso, Chile. [Le Floc'h, E.] DSM CNRS Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Lab AIM, IRFU,Serv Astrophys,CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Nordon, R.] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Oliver, S. J.; Wang, L.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Page, M.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Pozzi, F.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Rigopoulou, D.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Rigopoulou, D.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Sci & Technol Facil Council, RAL Space, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Riguccini, L.] NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rodighiero, G.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. RP Magnelli, B (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, Hugel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM magnelli@astro.uni-bonn.de RI Ivison, R./G-4450-2011 OI Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313 FU BMVIT (Austria); ESA-PRODEX (Belgium); CEA/CNES (France); DLR (Germany); ASI/INAF (Italy); CICYT/MCYT (Spain); CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA (France); CNES (France); CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC (UK); UKSA (UK); NASA (USA); DFG priority programme 1573 The physics of the interstellar medium; European Research Council; CONICYT/FONDECYT [3130504]; Collaborative Research Council 956 - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) FX We thank the anonymous referee for suggestions which greatly enhanced this work. PACS has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by MPE (Germany) and including UVIE (Austria); KU Leuven, CSL, IMEC (Belgium); CEA, LAM (France); MPIA (Germany); INAF-IFSI/OAA/OAP/OAT, LENS, SISSA (Italy); IAC (Spain). This development has been supported by the funding agencies BMVIT (Austria), ESA-PRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI/INAF (Italy), and CICYT/MCYT (Spain). SPIRE has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by Cardiff University (UK) and including University of Lethbridge (Canada), NAOC (China), CEA, LAM (France), IFSI, University of Padua (Italy), IAC (Spain), Stockholm Observatory (Sweden), Imperial College London, RAL, UCL-MSSL, UKATC, University of Sussex (UK), Caltech, JPL, NHSC, University of Colorado (USA). This development has been supported by national funding agencies: CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC, UKSA (UK); and NASA (USA). Support for BM was provided by the DFG priority programme 1573 The physics of the interstellar medium. R.J.I. acknowledges support from the European Research Council in the form of Advanced Grant, COSMICISM. E.I. acknowledges funding from CONICYT/FONDECYT postdoctoral project No:3130504. F.B. and A.K. acknowledge support by the Collaborative Research Council 956, sub-project AI, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). NR 141 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 573 AR A45 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201424937 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AX4KJ UT WOS:000346901300092 ER PT J AU Rosario, DJ McIntosh, DH van der Wel, A Kartaltepe, J Lang, P Santini, P Wuyts, S Lutz, D Rafelski, M Villforth, C Alexander, DM Bauer, FE Bell, EF Berta, S Brandt, WN Conselice, CJ Dekel, A Faber, SM Ferguson, HC Genzel, R Grogin, NA Kocevski, DD Koekemoer, AM Koo, DC Lotz, JM Magnelli, B Maiolino, R Mozena, M Mullaney, JR Papovich, CJ Popesso, P Tacconi, LJ Trump, JR Avadhuta, S Bassett, R Bell, A Bernyk, M Bournaud, F Cassata, P Cheung, E Croton, D Donley, J DeGroot, L Guedes, J Hathi, N Herrington, J Hilton, M Lai, K Lani, C Martig, M McGrath, E Mutch, S Mortlock, A McPartland, C O'Leary, E Peth, M Pillepich, A Poole, G Snyder, D Straughn, A Telford, O Tonini, C Wandro, P AF Rosario, D. J. McIntosh, D. H. van der Wel, A. Kartaltepe, J. Lang, P. Santini, P. Wuyts, S. Lutz, D. Rafelski, M. Villforth, C. Alexander, D. M. Bauer, F. E. Bell, E. F. Berta, S. Brandt, W. N. Conselice, C. J. Dekel, A. Faber, S. M. Ferguson, H. C. Genzel, R. Grogin, N. A. Kocevski, D. D. Koekemoer, A. M. Koo, D. C. Lotz, J. M. Magnelli, B. Maiolino, R. Mozena, M. Mullaney, J. R. Papovich, C. J. Popesso, P. Tacconi, L. J. Trump, J. R. Avadhuta, S. Bassett, R. Bell, A. Bernyk, M. Bournaud, F. Cassata, P. Cheung, E. Croton, D. Donley, J. DeGroot, L. Guedes, J. Hathi, N. Herrington, J. Hilton, M. Lai, K. Lani, C. Martig, M. McGrath, E. Mutch, S. Mortlock, A. McPartland, C. O'Leary, E. Peth, M. Pillepich, A. Poole, G. Snyder, D. Straughn, A. Telford, O. Tonini, C. Wandro, P. TI The host galaxies of X- ray selected active galactic nuclei to z=2.5: Structure, star formation, and their relationships from CANDELS and Herschel/PACS SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: structure; galaxies: star formation; surveys; methods: statistical; X-rays: galaxies ID SIMILAR-TO 2; DEEP FIELD-SOUTH; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; EXTRAGALACTIC LEGACY SURVEY; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; MERGER-AGN CONNECTION; MASSIVE GALAXIES AB We study the relationship between the structure and star formation rate (SFR) of X-ray selected low and moderate luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the two Chandra Deep Fields, using Hubble Space Telescope imaging from the Cosmic Assembly Near Infrared Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) and deep far-infrared maps from the PEP+GOODS-Herschel survey. We derive detailed distributions of structural parameters and FIR luminosities from carefully constructed control samples of galaxies, which we then compare to those of the AGNs. At z similar to 1, AGNs show slightly diskier light profiles than massive inactive (non-AGN) galaxies, as well as modestly higher levels of gross galaxy disturbance (as measured by visual signatures of interactions and clumpy structure). In contrast, at z similar to 2, AGNs show similar levels of galaxy disturbance as inactive galaxies, but display a red central light enhancement, which may arise from a more pronounced bulge in AGN hosts or extinguished nuclear light. We undertake a number of tests of both these alternatives, but our results do not strongly favor one interpretation over the other. The mean SFR and its distribution among AGNs and inactive galaxies are similar at z > 1.5. At z < 1, however, clear and significant enhancements are seen in the SFRs of AGNs with bulge-dominated light profiles. These trends suggest an evolution in the relation between nuclear activity and host properties with redshift, towards a minor role for mergers and interactions at z > 1.5. C1 [Rosario, D. J.; Lang, P.; Wuyts, S.; Lutz, D.; Berta, S.; Genzel, R.; Tacconi, L. J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [McIntosh, D. H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [van der Wel, A.; O'Leary, E.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Kartaltepe, J.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Santini, P.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Rafelski, M.] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA. [Alexander, D. M.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Bauer, F. E.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Astrofis, Fac Fis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Bell, E. F.; Bell, A.; Herrington, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Brandt, W. N.; Trump, J. R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Conselice, C. J.; Mortlock, A.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Dekel, A.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Faber, S. M.; Koo, D. C.; Mozena, M.; Cheung, E.; Lai, K.; Snyder, D.; Wandro, P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ferguson, H. C.; Grogin, N. A.; Koekemoer, A. M.; Lotz, J. M.; Avadhuta, S.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kocevski, D. D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Magnelli, B.] Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Maiolino, R.] Univ Cambridge, Kavli Inst Cosmol, Cambridge CB3 OHA, England. [Maiolino, R.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 OHE, England. [Mullaney, J. R.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. [Papovich, C. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX USA. [Popesso, P.] Tech Univ Munich, Exzellenzcluster Universe, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Villforth, C.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Bauer, F. E.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Bassett, R.; Bernyk, M.; Croton, D.; Martig, M.; Mutch, S.; Poole, G.; Tonini, C.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Bournaud, F.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA DSM Irfu CNRS, Lab AIM Paris Saclay, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Cassata, P.] Univ Valparaiso, Fac Ciencias, Inst Fis & Astron, Valparaiso, Chile. [Donley, J.; Lani, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [DeGroot, L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Guedes, J.] ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hathi, N.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Hilton, M.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [McGrath, E.] Colby Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. [McPartland, C.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [O'Leary, E.] Macalester Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Peth, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Pillepich, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Straughn, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Telford, O.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Villforth, C.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Rosario, DJ (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, Postfach 1312, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM rosario@mpe.mpg.de RI Brandt, William/N-2844-2015; Hathi, Nimish/J-7092-2014; OI Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453; Hathi, Nimish/0000-0001-6145-5090; Cheung, Edmond/0000-0001-8546-1428; Martig, Marie/0000-0001-5454-1492; Santini, Paola/0000-0002-9334-8705; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048; Bell, Eric/0000-0002-5564-9873 FU NASA [NAS5-26555]; BMVIT (Austria); ESA-PRODEX (Belgium); CEA/CNES (France); DLR (Germany); ASI (Italy); CICYT/MCYT (Spain); Basal-CATA [PFB-06/2007]; CONICYT-Chile (through FONDECYT) [1101024]; Gemini-CONICYT [32120003]; "EMBIGGEN" Anillo [ACT1101]; Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS) [IC120009]; Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio del Ministerio de Economia, Fomento y Turismo; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/I001573/1]; Leverhulme Trust FX This work is based on observations taken by the CANDELS Multi-Cycle Treasury Program with the NASA/ESA HST, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. PACS has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by MPE (Germany) and including UVIE (Austria); KUL, CSL, IMEC (Belgium); CEA, OAMP (France); MPIA (Germany); IFSI, OAP/AOT, OAA/CAISMI, LENS, SISSA (Italy); IAC (Spain). This development has been supported by the funding agencies BMVIT (Austria), ESA-PRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI (Italy), and CICYT/MCYT (Spain). F.E.B. acknowledges support from Basal-CATA PFB-06/2007, CONICYT-Chile (through FONDECYT 1101024, Gemini-CONICYT 32120003, "EMBIGGEN" Anillo ACT1101), and Project IC120009 "Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS)", funded by the Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio del Ministerio de Economia, Fomento y Turismo. D.M.A. acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) grant ST/I001573/1 and the Leverhulme Trust. We thank Victoria Bruce for helpful discussion. NR 125 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 9 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 573 AR A85 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201423782 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AX4KJ UT WOS:000346901300013 ER PT J AU Yu, HF Greiner, J van Eerten, H Burgess, JM Bhat, PN Briggs, MS Connaughton, V Diehl, R Goldstein, A Gruber, D Jenke, PA von Kienlin, A Kouveliotou, C Paciesas, WS Pelassa, V Preece, RD Roberts, OJ Zhang, BB AF Yu, Hoi-Fung Greiner, Jochen van Eerten, Hendrik Burgess, J. Michael Bhat, P. Narayana Briggs, Michael S. Connaughton, Valerie Diehl, Roland Goldstein, Adam Gruber, David Jenke, Peter A. von Kienlin, Andreas Kouveliotou, Chryssa Paciesas, William S. Pelassa, Veronique Preece, Robert D. Roberts, Oliver J. Zhang, Bin-Bin TI Synchrotron cooling in energetic gamma-ray bursts observed by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: stars; gamma-ray burst: general; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; methods: data analysis ID E-P EVOLUTION; SPECTRAL CATALOG; PROMPT EMISSION; PHOTOSPHERIC COMPONENT; SHOCK ACCELERATION; BATSE OBSERVATIONS; LIGHT CURVES; PEAK ENERGY; GRB; BRIGHT AB Context. We study the time-resolved spectral properties of energetic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with good high-energy photon statistics observed by the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor ((IBM) onboard the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope. Aims. We aim to constrain in detail the spectral properties of GRB prompt emission on a time-resolved basis and to discuss the theoretical implications of the fitting results in the context of various prompt emission models. Methods. Our sample comprises eight GRBs observed by the Fermi (IBM in its first five years of mission, with 1 keV-1 MeV fluence f > 1.0 x 10(-4) erg cm(-2) and a signal-to-noise ratio level of S/N >= 10.0 above 900 keV. We performed a time-resolved spectral analysis using a variable temporal binning technique according to optimal S/N criteria, resulting in a total of 299 time-resolved spectra. We performed Band function fits to all spectra and obtained the distributions for the low-energy power-lay index alpha, the high-energy power-law index beta, the peak energy in the observed nu F-nu, spectrum E-p, and the difference between the low- and high-energy power-law indices Delta s = alpha-beta. We also applied a physically motivated synchrotron model, which is a triple power-law with constrained power-law indices and a blackbody component, to test the prompt emission for consistency with a synchrotron origin and obtain the distributions for the two break energies E-b,E-1 and E-b,E-2 the middle segment power-law index beta, and the Planck function temperature kT. Results. The Band function parameter distributions are alpha = -0.73(-0.21)(+0.16), beta = -2.13(-0.56)(+0.28), E-p = 374.47(-187.7)(+307.3) keV (log(10) E-p = 2.577(-0.30)(+0.26)), and Delta s = 1.38(-0.31)(+0.54), with average errors sigma(alpha) similar to 0.1, sigma(beta) similar to 0.2, and sigma(Ep) similar to 0.1E(p). Using the distributions of Delta s and beta, the electron population index p is found to be consistent with the "moderately fast" scenario, in which fast- and slow-cooling scenarios cannot be distinguished. The physically motivated synchrotron-fitting function parameter distributions are E-b,E-1 = 129.6(-32.4)(+132.2) keV, E-b,E-2 = 631.4(-309.6)(+582) keV, beta = 1.721(-0.25)(+0.48), and kT = 10.4(-3.7)(+4.9) keV, with average errors sigma(beta) similar to 0.2, sigma E-b,E-1 similar to 0.1E(b,1), sigma E-b,E-2 similar to 0.4E(b,2,) and sigma(kT) similar to 0.1kT. This synchrotron function requires the synchrotron injection and cooling break (i.e., E-min and E-cool) to be close to each other within a factor of ten, often in addition to a Planck function. Conclusions. A synchrotron model is found that is consistent with most of the time-resolved spectra for eight energetic Fermi (IBM bursts with good high-energy photon statistics as long as both the cooling and injection break are included and the leftmost spectral slope is lifted either by including a thermal component or when an evolving magnetic field is accounted for. C1 [Yu, Hoi-Fung; Greiner, Jochen; van Eerten, Hendrik; Diehl, Roland; von Kienlin, Andreas] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Yu, Hoi-Fung; Greiner, Jochen] Tech Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Burgess, J. Michael] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Burgess, J. Michael] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Bhat, P. Narayana; Briggs, Michael S.; Connaughton, Valerie; Jenke, Peter A.; Pelassa, Veronique; Preece, Robert D.; Zhang, Bin-Bin] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Goldstein, Adam; Kouveliotou, Chryssa] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Gruber, David] Planetarium Sudtirol, I-39053 Karneid, Italy. [Paciesas, William S.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Preece, Robert D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Roberts, Oliver J.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Yu, HF (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM sptfung@mpe.mpg.de RI Diehl, Roland/K-4496-2016; Roberts, Oliver/N-6284-2016; OI Diehl, Roland/0000-0002-8337-9022; Roberts, Oliver/0000-0002-7150-9061; van Eerten, Hendrik/0000-0002-8680-8718; Burgess, James/0000-0003-3345-9515; Yu, Hoi-Fung/0000-0001-5643-7445 FU DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe"; German Bundesministeriums fur Wirtschaft und Technologic (BMWi) via the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR) [50 QV 0301, 50 OG 0502] FX The authors wish to thank Frederic Daigne, Alexander van der Horst, Re'em Sari, Bing Zhang, and the anonymous referee for insightful suggestions. H.F.Y. and J.G. acknowledge support by the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe" (www.universe-cluster.de). The GBM project is supported by the German Bundesministeriums fur Wirtschaft und Technologic (BMWi) via the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR) under the contract numbers 50 QV 0301 and 50 OG 0502. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 573 AR A81 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201424858 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AX4KJ UT WOS:000346901300085 ER PT J AU Li, J Carlson, BE Dubovik, O Lacis, AA AF Li, J. Carlson, B. E. Dubovik, O. Lacis, A. A. TI Recent trends in aerosol optical properties derived from AERONET measurements (vol 14, pg 12271, 2014) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Li, J.; Carlson, B. E.; Lacis, A. A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Li, J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Dubovik, O.] Univ Lille 1, French Natl Ctr Sci Res, Lille, France. RP Li, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM jing.li@nasa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1599 EP 1599 DI 10.5194/acp-15-1599-2015 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB7IP UT WOS:000349800500001 ER PT J AU Tang, W Cohan, DS Pour-Biazar, A Lamsal, LN White, AT Xiao, X Zhou, W Henderson, BH Lash, BF AF Tang, W. Cohan, D. S. Pour-Biazar, A. Lamsal, L. N. White, A. T. Xiao, X. Zhou, W. Henderson, B. H. Lash, B. F. TI Influence of satellite-derived photolysis rates and NOx emissions on Texas ozone modeling SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-OXIDES EMISSIONS; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; TROPOSPHERIC NO2; UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; COLUMN DENSITIES; UNCERTAINTIES; INVERSE; SPACE; OMI AB Uncertain photolysis rates and emission inventory impair the accuracy of state-level ozone (O-3) regulatory modeling. Past studies have separately used satellite-observed clouds to correct the model-predicted photolysis rates, or satellite-constrained top-down NOx emissions to identify and reduce uncertainties in bottom-up NOx emissions. However, the joint application of multiple satellite-derived model inputs to improve O-3 state implementation plan (SIP) modeling has rarely been explored. In this study, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) observations of clouds are applied to derive the photolysis rates, replacing those used in Texas SIP modeling. This changes modeled O-3 concentrations by up to 80 ppb and improves O-3 simulations by reducing modeled normalized mean bias (NMB) and normalized mean error (NME) by up to 0.1. A sector-based discrete Kalman filter (DKF) inversion approach is incorporated with the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx)-decoupled direct method (DDM) model to adjust Texas NOx emissions using a high-resolution Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 product. The discrepancy between OMI and CAMx NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) is further reduced by increasing modeled NOx lifetime and adding an artificial amount of NO2 in the upper troposphere. The region-based DKF inversion suggests increasing NOx emissions by 10-50% in most regions, deteriorating the model performance in predicting ground NO2 and O-3, while the sector-based DKF inversion tends to scale down area and nonroad NOx emissions by 50 %, leading to a 2-5 ppb decrease in ground 8 h O-3 predictions. Model performance in simulating ground NO2 and O-3 are improved using sector-based inversion-constrained NOx emissions, with 0.25 and 0.04 reductions in NMBs and 0.13 and 0.04 reductions in NMEs, respectively. Using both GOES-derived photolysis rates and OMI-constrained NOx emissions together reduces modeled NMB and NME by 0.05, increases the model correlation with ground measurement in O-3 simulations, and makes O-3 more sensitive to NOx emissions in the O-3 non-attainment areas. C1 [Tang, W.; Cohan, D. S.; Xiao, X.; Zhou, W.; Lash, B. F.] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Pour-Biazar, A.] Univ Alabama, Earth Syst Sci Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Lamsal, L. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lamsal, L. N.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD USA. [White, A. T.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Henderson, B. H.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Cohan, DS (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 6100 Main St MS 519, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM cohan@rice.edu RI Henderson, Barron/E-4392-2014; Cohan, Daniel/E-6595-2010; zhou, wei/E-9807-2011 OI Henderson, Barron/0000-0002-6755-3051; Cohan, Daniel/0000-0003-0415-7980; FU US NASA Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) [NNX10AO05G]; NASA Air Quality Applied Science Team FX Funding for this research was provided by the US NASA Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) grant NNX10AO05G and by the NASA Air Quality Applied Science Team. The authors thank Jim McKay and Ron Thomas at TCEQ for providing emission inputs and insightful discussions about the TCEQ emission inventory; Gary Wilson and Greg Yarwood at ENVIRON for CAMx support; Ron Cohen at UC Berkeley for the INTEX-NA DC-8 NO2 measurement; and Tom Ryerson, Carsten Warneke, and Joost de Gouw at NOAA for the P-3 NO2, NOy, and VOC measurements. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1601 EP 1619 DI 10.5194/acp-15-1601-2015 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB7IP UT WOS:000349800500002 ER PT J AU Veselovskii, I Whiteman, DN Korenskiy, M Suvorina, A Kolgotin, A Lyapustin, A Wang, Y Chin, M Bian, H Kucsera, TL Perez-Ramirez, D Holben, B AF Veselovskii, I. Whiteman, D. N. Korenskiy, M. Suvorina, A. Kolgotin, A. Lyapustin, A. Wang, Y. Chin, M. Bian, H. Kucsera, T. L. Perez-Ramirez, D. Holben, B. TI Characterization of forest fire smoke event near Washington, DC in summer 2013 with multi-wavelength lidar SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING AEROSOLS; ELASTIC-BACKSCATTER LIDAR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RAMAN LIDAR; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; PARTICLE PARAMETERS; LINEAR-ESTIMATION; RETRIEVAL; INVERSION; REGULARIZATION AB The multi-wavelength lidar technique was applied to the study of a smoke event near Washington, DC on 26-28 August 2013. Satellite observations combined with transport model predictions imply that the smoke plume originated mainly from Wyoming/Idaho forest fires and its transportation to Washington, DC took approximately 5 days. The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) multi-wavelength Mie-Raman lidar was used to measure the smoke particle intensive parameters such as extinction and backscatter Angstrom exponents together with lidar ratios at 355 and 532 nm wavelengths. For interpretation of the observed vertical profiles of the backscatter Angstrom exponents gamma beta at 355-532 and 532-1064 nm, numerical simulation was performed. The results indicate that, for fine-mode dominant aerosols, the Angstrom exponents gamma beta (355-532) and gamma beta (5321064) have essentially different dependence on the particle size and refractive index. Inversion of 3 beta + 2 alpha lidar observations on 27-28 August provided vertical variation of the particle volume, effective radius and the real part of the refractive index through the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and the smoke layer. The particle effective radius decreased with height from approximately 0.27 mu m inside the PBL to 0.15 mu m in the smoke layer, which was situated above the PBL. Simultaneously the real part of the refractive index in the smoke layer increased to m(R) approximate to 1.5. The retrievals demonstrate also that the fine mode is predominant in the particle size distribution, and that the decrease of the effective radius with height is due to a shift of the fine mode toward smaller radii. C1 [Veselovskii, I.; Korenskiy, M.; Suvorina, A.; Kolgotin, A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen Phys, Phys Instrumentat Ctr, Moscow, Russia. [Whiteman, D. N.; Lyapustin, A.; Chin, M.; Kucsera, T. L.; Perez-Ramirez, D.; Holben, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, Y.; Kucsera, T. L.; Perez-Ramirez, D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Bian, H.] Joint Ctr Environm Technol UMBC, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Veselovskii, I (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen Phys, Phys Instrumentat Ctr, Moscow, Russia. EM igorv@pic.troitsk.ru RI Perez-Ramirez, Daniel/Q-1129-2016; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012 OI Perez-Ramirez, Daniel/0000-0002-7679-6135; FU Scientific Foundation of Russian Federation [14-50-00034] FX Development of lidar retrieval algorithms was supported by Scientific Foundation of Russian Federation with grant 14-50-00034. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1647 EP 1660 DI 10.5194/acp-15-1647-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB7IP UT WOS:000349800500005 ER PT J AU Reid, JS Lagrosas, ND Jonsson, HH Reid, EA Sessions, WR Simpas, JB Uy, SN Boyd, TJ Atwood, SA Blake, DR Campbell, JR Cliff, SS Holben, BN Holz, RE Hyer, EJ Lynch, P Meinardi, S Posselt, DJ Richardson, KA Salinas, SV Smirnov, A Wang, Q Yu, L Zhang, J AF Reid, J. S. Lagrosas, N. D. Jonsson, H. H. Reid, E. A. Sessions, W. R. Simpas, J. B. Uy, S. N. Boyd, T. J. Atwood, S. A. Blake, D. R. Campbell, J. R. Cliff, S. S. Holben, B. N. Holz, R. E. Hyer, E. J. Lynch, P. Meinardi, S. Posselt, D. J. Richardson, K. A. Salinas, S. V. Smirnov, A. Wang, Q. Yu, L. Zhang, J. TI Observations of the temporal variability in aerosol properties and their relationships to meteorology in the summer monsoonal South China Sea/East Sea: the scale-dependent role of monsoonal flows, the Madden-Julian Oscillation, tropical cyclones, squall lines and cold pools SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARITIME CONTINENT; MICROBURST ACTIVITY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; UNITED-STATES; HAZE EPISODE; TRADE-WIND; SMOKE; TRANSPORT; INDONESIA; RAINFALL AB In a joint NRL/Manila Observatory mission, as part of the Seven SouthEast Asian Studies program (7-SEAS), a 2-week, late September 2011 research cruise in the northern Palawan archipelago was undertaken to observe the nature of southwest monsoonal aerosol particles in the South China Sea/East Sea (SCS/ES) and Sulu Sea region. Previous analyses suggested this region as a receptor for biomass burning from Borneo and Sumatra for boundary layer air entering the monsoonal trough. Anthropogenic pollution and biofuel emissions are also ubiquitous, as is heavy shipping traffic. Here, we provide an overview of the regional environment during the cruise, a time series of key aerosol and meteorological parameters, and their interrelationships. Overall, this cruise provides a narrative of the processes that control regional aerosol loadings and their possible feedbacks with clouds and precipitation. While 2011 was a moderate El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) La Nina year, higher burning activity and lower precipitation was more typical of neutral conditions. The large-scale aerosol environment was modulated by the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and its associated tropical cyclone (TC) activity in a manner consistent with the conceptual analysis performed by Reid et al. (2012). Advancement of the MJO from phase 3 to 6 with accompanying cyclogenesis during the cruise period strengthened flow patterns in the SCS/ES that modulated aerosol life cycle. TC inflow arms of significant convection sometimes span from Sumatra to Luzon, resulting in very low particle concentrations (minimum condensation nuclei CN< 150 cm(-3), non-sea-salt PM2.5 < 1 mu g m(-3)). However, elevated carbon monoxide levels were occasionally observed suggesting passage of polluted air masses whose aerosol particles had been rained out. Conversely, two drier periods occurred with higher aerosol particle concentrations originating from Borneo and Southern Sumatra (CN > 3000 cm(-3) and non-sea-salt PM2.5 10-25 mu g m(-3)). These cases corresponded with two different mechanisms of convection suppression: lower free-tropospheric dry-air intrusion from the Indian Ocean, and large-scale TC-induced subsidence. Veering vertical wind shear also resulted in aerosol transport into this region being mainly in the marine boundary layer (MBL), although lower free troposphere transport was possible on the western sides of Sumatra and Borneo. At the hourly time scale, particle concentrations were observed to be modulated by integer factors through convection and associated cold pools. Geostationary satellite observations suggest that convection often takes the form of squall lines, which are bowed up to 500 km across the monsoonal flow and 50 km wide. These squall lines, initiated by cold pools from large thunderstorms and likely sustained by a veering vertical wind shear and aforementioned mid-troposphere dry layers, propagated over 1500 km across the entirety of the SCS/ES, effectively cutting large swaths of MBL aerosol particles out of the region. Our conclusion is that while large-scale flow patterns are very important in modulating convection, and hence in allowing long-range transport of smoke and pollution, more short-lived phenomena can modulate cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations in the region, resulting in pockets of clean and polluted MBL air. This will no doubt complicate large scale comparisons of aerosol-cloud interaction. C1 [Reid, J. S.; Reid, E. A.; Campbell, J. R.; Hyer, E. J.; Richardson, K. A.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Lagrosas, N. D.; Simpas, J. B.; Uy, S. N.] Manila Observ, Quezon City, Philippines. [Jonsson, H. H.; Wang, Q.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Sessions, W. R.] Naval Res Lab, CSC, Monterey, CA USA. [Boyd, T. J.] Naval Res Lab, Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC USA. [Atwood, S. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Blake, D. R.; Meinardi, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Cliff, S. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Holben, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Holz, R. E.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Lynch, P.] Naval Res Lab, CSC Inc, Monterey, CA USA. [Posselt, D. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Salinas, S. V.] Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Smirnov, A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Yu, L.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil & & Environm Engn, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Meteorol, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. RP Reid, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jeffrey.reid@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Yu, Liya/H-2573-2013; Posselt, Derek/I-4912-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009 OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Yu, Liya/0000-0001-9182-6593; Posselt, Derek/0000-0002-5670-5822; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Smirnov, Alexander/0000-0002-8208-1304 FU NRL Base Program; ONR [35, 38]; NASA on behalf of MPLNET [NNG13HH10I]; SEAC4RS Science Team FX Organization of this research cruise and associated land base collections required the assistance of a number of organizations, including the staff of the Office of Naval Research-Global program office and reservist unit (esp. J. Johnson, B. McBride, P. Marshall), the Manila Observatory (esp. A. Loyzaga and Fr. D. McNamara), US State Department/Embassy in Manila (esp. M. T. Villa and D. Saulys), and the Naval Postgraduate School (esp. R. Lind). We are most grateful to the Vasco ship management and crew, managed by Cosmix Underwater Research Ltd, (esp. L. Heymans and A. du Parc). We are also grateful to the host institutions for regional AERONET site deployment and the use of derived optical thickness data herein. Conversations with and guidance from C. Sampson (NRL) on regional tropical cyclone behavior are gratefully acknowledged. Figure construction was also assisted by C. Curtis (NRL) and R. Johnson (UND). Funding for this research cruise and analysis was provided from a number of sources. Vasco time procurement was provided by the NRL 6.1 Base Program via an ONR Global grant to the Manila Observatory. Funding for NRL scientist deployment and instrument analysis was provided by the NRL Base Program and ONR 35. Remote sensing and model analysis was provided by the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. Reservist support was provided by ONR Program 38. The AERONET deployments were supported by the NASA Radiation Science Program. Gas chemistry was provided by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program. Author J. R. Campbell acknowledges the support of NASA Interagency Agreement NNG13HH10I on behalf of MPLNET and the SEAC4RS Science Team. NR 82 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 57 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1745 EP 1768 DI 10.5194/acp-15-1745-2015 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB7IP UT WOS:000349800500011 ER PT J AU Abad, GG Liu, X Chance, K Wang, H Kurosu, TP Suleiman, R AF Abad, G. Gonzalez Liu, X. Chance, K. Wang, H. Kurosu, T. P. Suleiman, R. TI Updated Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Ozone Monitoring Instrument (SAO OMI) formaldehyde retrieval SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MAX-DOAS OBSERVATIONS; ROTATIONAL RAMAN-SCATTERING; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; GLOBAL OBSERVATIONS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; COLUMNS; GOME; SCIAMACHY; PRESSURE AB We present and discuss the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) formaldehyde (H2CO) retrieval algorithm for the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) which is the operational retrieval for NASA OMI H2CO. The version of the algorithm described here includes relevant changes with respect to the operational one, including differences in the reference spectra for H2CO, the fit of O-2-O-2 collisional complex, updates in the high-resolution solar reference spectrum, the use of a model reference sector over the remote Pacific Ocean to normalize the retrievals, an updated air mass factor (AMF) calculation scheme, and the inclusion of scattering weights and vertical H2CO profile in the level 2 products. The setup of the retrieval is discussed in detail. We compare the results of the updated retrieval with the results from the previous SAO H2CO retrieval. The improvement in the slant column fit increases the temporal stability of the retrieval and slightly reduces the noise. The change in the AMF calculation has increased the AMFs by 20 %, mainly due to the consideration of the radiative cloud fraction. Typical values for retrieved vertical columns are between 4 x 10(15) and 4 x 10(16) moleculescm(-2), with typical fitting uncertainties ranging between 45 and 100 %. In high-concentration regions the errors are usually reduced to 30 %. The detection limit is estimated at 1 x 10(16) moleculescm(-2). C1 [Abad, G. Gonzalez; Liu, X.; Chance, K.; Wang, H.; Suleiman, R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kurosu, T. P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Abad, GG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ggonzalezabad@cfa.harvard.edu RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Gonzalez Abad, Gonzalo/0000-0002-8090-6480 FU NASA Atmospheric Composition Program/Aura Science Team [NNX11AE58G]; Smithsonian Institution FX This study is supported by NASA Atmospheric Composition Program/Aura Science Team (NNX11AE58G) and the Smithsonian Institution. The Dutch-Finnish OMI instrument is part of the NASA EOS Aura satellite payload. The OMI project is managed by NIVR and KNMI in the Netherlands. We acknowledge the OMI International Science Team for providing OMI data used in this study. NR 58 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.5194/amt-8-19-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA5WD UT WOS:000348977600002 ER PT J AU Pumphrey, HC Read, WG Livesey, NJ Yang, K AF Pumphrey, H. C. Read, W. G. Livesey, N. J. Yang, K. TI Observations of volcanic SO2 from MLS on Aura SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; IASI MEASUREMENTS; RETRIEVAL; ERUPTION; CLIMATE; MONTSERRAT; INSTRUMENT AB Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important atmospheric constituent, particularly in the aftermath of volcanic eruptions. These events can inject large amounts of SO2 into the lower stratosphere, where it is oxidised to form sulfate aerosols; these in turn have a significant effect on the climate. The MLS instrument on the Aura satellite has observed the SO2 mixing ratio in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from August 2004 to the present, during which time a number of volcanic eruptions have significantly affected those regions of the atmosphere. We describe the MLS SO2 data and how various volcanic events appear in the data. As the MLS SO2 data are currently not validated we take some initial steps towards their validation. First we establish the level of internal consistency between the three spectral regions in which MLS is sensitive to SO2. We compare SO2 column values calculated from MLS data to total column values reported by the OMI instrument. The agreement is good (within about 1 DU) in cases where the SO2 is clearly at altitudes above 147 hPa. C1 [Pumphrey, H. C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Read, W. G.; Livesey, N. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Yang, K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pumphrey, HC (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. EM hugh.pumphrey@ed.ac.uk FU RCUK open access publication fund; NERC FX The authors thank Michael Hopfner and Chris Boone for providing preliminary SO2 retrievals from MIPAS and ACE-FTS for comparison. The authors thank the RCUK open access publication fund for paying publication charges. Work on MLS in the UK has been funded by NERC. MLS data used in this research were produced by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 1 BP 195 EP 209 DI 10.5194/amt-8-195-2015 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA5WD UT WOS:000348977600014 ER PT J AU Frankenberg, C Pollock, R Lee, RAM Rosenberg, R Blavier, JF Crisp, D O'Dell, CW Osterman, GB Roehl, C Wennberg, PO Wunch, D AF Frankenberg, C. Pollock, R. Lee, R. A. M. Rosenberg, R. Blavier, J. -F. Crisp, D. O'Dell, C. W. Osterman, G. B. Roehl, C. Wennberg, P. O. Wunch, D. TI The Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2): spectrometer performance evaluation using pre-launch direct sun measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; GASES OBSERVING SATELLITE; CO2 RETRIEVAL; VALIDATION; MISSION AB The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), launched on 2 July 2014, is a NASA mission designed to measure the column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction, X-CO2. Towards that goal, it will collect spectra of reflected sunlight in narrow spectral ranges centered at 0.76, 1.6 and 2.0 mu m with a resolving power (lambda/Delta lambda) of 20 000. These spectra will be used in an optimal estimation framework to retrieve X-CO2. About 100 000 cloud free soundings of X-CO2 each day will allow estimates of net CO2 fluxes on regional to continental scales to be determined. Here, we evaluate the OCO-2 spectrometer performance using pre-launch data acquired during instrument thermal vacuum tests in April 2012. A heliostat and a diffuser plate were used to feed direct sunlight into the OCO-2 instrument and spectra were recorded. These spectra were compared to those collected concurrently from a nearby high-resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometer that was part of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). Using the launch-ready OCO-2 calibration and spectroscopic parameters, we performed total column scaling fits to all spectral bands and compared these to TCCON results. On 20 April, we detected a CO2 plume from the Los Angeles basin at the JPL site with strongly enhanced short-term variability on the order of 1% (3-4 ppm). We also found good (< 0.5 ppm) inter-footprint consistency in retrieved X-CO2. The variations in spectral fitting residuals are consistent with signal-to-noise estimates from instrument calibration, while average residuals are systematic and mostly attributable to remaining errors in our knowledge of the CO2 and O-2 spectroscopic parameters. A few remaining inconsistencies observed during the tests may be attributable to the specific instrument setup on the ground and will be re-evaluated with in-orbit data. C1 [Frankenberg, C.; Pollock, R.; Lee, R. A. M.; Rosenberg, R.; Blavier, J. -F.; Crisp, D.; Osterman, G. B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [O'Dell, C. W.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Roehl, C.; Wennberg, P. O.; Wunch, D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Frankenberg, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM christian.frankenberg@jpl.nasa.gov RI Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The research described in this paper was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We would like to acknowledge all the JPL employees who worked tirelessly to acquire the OCO-2 TVAC data. The TCCON instrument was built by the California Institute of Technology with support from NASA's OCO-2 project. TCCON data used in this analysis are available at https://tccon-wiki.caltech.edu/Network_Policy/Data_Use_Policy. The TCCON instrument used here is currently operating at the NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edward, California. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 1 BP 301 EP 313 DI 10.5194/amt-8-301-2015 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA5WD UT WOS:000348977600020 ER PT J AU Sofieva, VF Kalakoski, N Paivarinta, SM Tamminen, J Kyrola, E Laine, M Froidevaux, L AF Sofieva, V. F. Kalakoski, N. Paivarinta, S. -M. Tamminen, J. Kyrola, E. Laine, M. Froidevaux, L. TI On sampling uncertainty of satellite ozone profile measurements (vol 7, pg 1891, 2014) SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Correction C1 [Sofieva, V. F.; Kalakoski, N.; Paivarinta, S. -M.; Tamminen, J.; Kyrola, E.; Laine, M.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Froidevaux, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Sofieva, VF (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM viktoria.sofieva@fmi.fi RI Sofieva, Viktoria/E-1958-2014; Tamminen, Johanna/D-7959-2014; Kalakoski, Niilo/D-8441-2014 OI Sofieva, Viktoria/0000-0002-9192-2208; Tamminen, Johanna/0000-0003-3095-0069; Kalakoski, Niilo/0000-0003-3733-4277 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 1 BP 341 EP 341 DI 10.5194/amt-8-341-2015 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA5WD UT WOS:000348977600023 ER PT J AU Campbell, JR Vaughan, MA Oo, M Holz, RE Lewis, JR Welton, EJ AF Campbell, J. R. Vaughan, M. A. Oo, M. Holz, R. E. Lewis, J. R. Welton, E. J. TI Distinguishing cirrus cloud presence in autonomous lidar measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION LAYER CIRRUS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; CLIMATE; ALGORITHM; ICE; AEROSOLS; FACILITY; MISSION AB 2012 Level-2 Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) satellite-based cloud data sets are investigated for thresholds that distinguish the presence of cirrus clouds in autonomous lidar measurements, based on temperatures, heights, optical depth and phase. A thermal threshold, proposed by Sassen and Campbell (2001) for cloud top temperature T-top <= -37 degrees C, is evaluated versus CALIOP algorithms that identify ice-phase cloud layers using polarized backscatter measurements. Derived global mean cloud top heights (11.15 vs. 10.07 km above mean sea level; a.m.s.l.), base heights (8.76 km a.m.s.l. vs. 7.95 km a.m.s.l.), temperatures (-58.48 degrees C vs. -52.18 degrees C and -42.40 degrees C vs. -38.13 degrees C, respectively, for tops and bases) and optical depths (1.18 vs. 1.23) reflect the sensitivity to this constraint. Over 99% of all T-top <= -37 degrees C clouds are classified as ice by CALIOP Level-2 algorithms. Over 81% of all ice clouds correspond with T-top <= -37 degrees C. For instruments lacking polarized measurements, and thus practical estimates of phase, T-top <= -37 degrees C provides sufficient justification for distinguishing cirrus, as opposed to the risks of glaciated liquid-water cloud contamination occurring in a given sample from clouds identified at relatively "warm" (T-top > -37 degrees C) temperatures. Although accounting for uncertainties in temperatures collocated with lidar data (i.e., model reanalyses/sondes) may justifiably relax the threshold to include warmer cases, the ambiguity of "warm" ice clouds cannot be fully reconciled with available measurements, conspicuously including phase. Cloud top heights and optical depths are investigated, and global distributions and frequencies derived, as functions of CALIOP-retrieved phase. These data provide little additional information, compared with temperature alone, and may exacerbate classification uncertainties overall. C1 [Campbell, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Vaughan, M. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Oo, M.; Holz, R. E.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lewis, J. R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Welton, E. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Campbell, JR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM james.campbell@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550 FU NASA Radiation Sciences Program [NNG13HH10I]; Oceanographer of the Navy through the Program Office at PEO [N2/N6E, C4I PMW-120] FX This research was conducted through NASA Interagency Agreement NNG13HH10I on behalf of the NASA Micropulse Lidar Network, which itself is supported by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program (H. Maring). Authors M. Oo and R. E. Holz acknowledge support from the Oceanographer of the Navy (N2/N6E) through the Program Office at PEO C4I PMW-120. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 1 BP 435 EP 449 DI 10.5194/amt-8-435-2015 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA5WD UT WOS:000348977600032 ER PT J AU Snider, G Weagle, CL Martin, RV van Donkelaar, A Conrad, K Cunningham, D Gordon, C Zwicker, M Akoshile, C Artaxo, P Anh, NX Brook, J Dong, J Garland, RM Greenwald, R Griffith, D He, K Holben, BN Kahn, R Koren, I Lagrosas, N Lestari, P Ma, Z Martins, JV Quel, EJ Rudich, Y Salam, A Tripathi, SN Yu, C Zhang, Q Zhang, Y Brauer, M Cohen, A Gibson, MD Liu, Y AF Snider, G. Weagle, C. L. Martin, R. V. van Donkelaar, A. Conrad, K. Cunningham, D. Gordon, C. Zwicker, M. Akoshile, C. Artaxo, P. Anh, N. X. Brook, J. Dong, J. Garland, R. M. Greenwald, R. Griffith, D. He, K. Holben, B. N. Kahn, R. Koren, I. Lagrosas, N. Lestari, P. Ma, Z. Martins, J. Vanderlei Quel, E. J. Rudich, Y. Salam, A. Tripathi, S. N. Yu, C. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Brauer, M. Cohen, A. Gibson, M. D. Liu, Y. TI SPARTAN: a global network to evaluate and enhance satellite-based estimates of ground-level particulate matter for global health applications SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; AIR-POLLUTION; NUCLEPORE FILTERS; PM2.5 MASS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; BLACK CARBON; AEROSOL; FINE; MORTALITY; SAMPLER AB Ground-based observations have insufficient spatial coverage to assess long-term human exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at the global scale. Satellite remote sensing offers a promising approach to provide information on both short-and long-term exposure to PM2.5 at local-to-global scales, but there are limitations and outstanding questions about the accuracy and precision with which ground-level aerosol mass concentrations can be inferred from satellite remote sensing alone. A key source of uncertainty is the global distribution of the relationship between annual average PM2.5 and discontinuous satellite observations of columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD). We have initiated a global network of ground-level monitoring stations designed to evaluate and enhance satellite remote sensing estimates for application in health-effects research and risk assessment. This Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) includes a global federation of ground-level monitors of hourly PM2.5 situated primarily in highly populated regions and collocated with existing ground-based sun photometers that measure AOD. The instruments, a three-wavelength nephelometer and impaction filter sampler for both PM2.5 and PM10, are highly autonomous. Hourly PM2.5 concentrations are inferred from the combination of weighed filters and nephelometer data. Data from existing networks were used to develop and evaluate network sampling characteristics. SPARTAN filters are analyzed for mass, black carbon, water-soluble ions, and metals. These measurements provide, in a variety of regions around the world, the key data required to evaluate and enhance satellite-based PM2.5 estimates used for assessing the health effects of aerosols. Mean PM2.5 concentrations across sites vary by more than 1 order of magnitude. Our initial measurements indicate that the ratio of AOD to ground-level PM2.5 is driven temporally and spatially by the vertical profile in aerosol scattering. Spatially this ratio is also strongly influenced by the mass scattering efficiency. C1 [Snider, G.; Martin, R. V.; van Donkelaar, A.; Conrad, K.; Cunningham, D.; Gordon, C.; Zwicker, M.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Weagle, C. L.; Martin, R. V.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Chem, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Martin, R. V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Akoshile, C.] Univ Ilorin, Dept Phys, Ilorin, Nigeria. [Artaxo, P.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-01498 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Anh, N. X.] Vietnam Acad Sci & Technol, Inst Geophys, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Brook, J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Dong, J.; He, K.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, Y.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Garland, R. M.] North West Univ, Unit Environm Sci & Management, Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Greenwald, R.; Ma, Z.; Yu, C.; Liu, Y.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Griffith, D.] CSIR, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Holben, B. N.; Kahn, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Koren, I.; Rudich, Y.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Lagrosas, N.] Ateneo de Manila Univ Campus, Manila Observ, Quezon City, Philippines. [Lestari, P.] ITB, Fac Civil & Environm Engn, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. [Martins, J. Vanderlei] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Martins, J. Vanderlei] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Quel, E. J.] UNIDEF CITEDEF CONICET Juan B de la Salle 4397, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Salam, A.] Univ Dhaka, Dept Chem, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Tripathi, S. N.] Indian Inst Technol, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Brauer, M.] Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Cohen, A.] Hlth Effects Inst, Boston, MA USA. [Gibson, M. D.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Proc Engn & Appl Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. RP Snider, G (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. EM graydon.snider@dal.ca RI Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Rudich, Yinon/K-1498-2012; Tripathi, Sachchida/J-4840-2016; Artaxo, Paulo/E-8874-2010; OI Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Artaxo, Paulo/0000-0001-7754-3036; Ma, Zongwei/0000-0003-0257-5695; Rudich, Yinon/0000-0003-3149-0201; LAGROSAS, NOFEL/0000-0002-8672-4717; Brauer, Michael/0000-0002-9103-9343 FU National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; National Academy of Sciences; USAID FX The National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada supported this work. We are grateful to many others who have offered helpful comments and advice on the creation of this network including Jay Al-Saadi, Ross Anderson, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Len Barrie, Sundar Christopher, Matthew Cooper, Jim Crawford, Doug Dockery, Jill Engel-Cox, Greg Evans, Markus Fiebig, Allan Goldstein, Judy Guernsey, Ray Hoff, Rudy Husar, Mike Jerrett, Michaela Kendall, Rich Kleidman, Petros Koutrakis, Glynis Lough, Doreen Neil, John Ogren, Norm O'Neil, Jeff Pierce, Thomas Holzer-Popp, Ana Prados, Lorraine Remer, Sylvia Richardson, and Frank Speizer. We would like to thank Elliott Wright and Heather Daurie at the Dalhousie CWRS facility for their help with ICP-MS analysis. The site at IIT Kanpur is supported in part by the National Academy of Sciences and USAID; however, the views expressed here are of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NAS or USAID. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 35 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 1 BP 505 EP 521 DI 10.5194/amt-8-505-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA5WD UT WOS:000348977600037 ER PT J AU Billings, L AF Billings, Linda TI Does Science Need a Global Language? English and the Future of Research SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Billings, Linda] Natl Inst Aerospace, Ctr Integrat STEM Educ, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Billings, Linda] NASA, Astrobiol Program, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Billings, Linda] NASA, Near Earth Object Observat Program, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Billings, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerospace, Ctr Integrat STEM Educ, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X EI 1097-3729 J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 56 IS 1 BP 261 EP 263 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA CB3EJ UT WOS:000349510700012 ER PT J AU Lane, MD Bishop, JL Dyar, MD Hiroi, T Mertzman, SA Bish, DL King, PL Rogers, AD AF Lane, Melissa D. Bishop, Janice L. Dyar, M. Darby Hiroi, Takahiro Mertzman, Stanley A. Bish, David L. King, Penelope L. Rogers, A. Deanne TI Mid-infrared emission spectroscopy and visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of Fe-sulfate minerals SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Mid-infrared; visible; near-infrared; spectroscopy; emissivity; reflectivity; sulfate; spectra; reflectance; vibrational; iron; emission; reflectance ID HYDRATED FERRIC SULFATES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FORBIDDEN TRANSITIONS; PARTICULATE SURFACES; THERMAL EMISSION; PARTICLE-SIZE; IRON SULFATE; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; TETRAHEDRAL ANIONS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY AB Sulfate minerals are important indicators for aqueous geochemical environments. The geology and mineralogy of Mars have been studied through the use of various remote-sensing techniques, including thermal (mid-infrared) emission and visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopies. Spectral analyses of spacecraft data (from orbital and landed missions) using these techniques have indicated the presence of sulfate minerals on Mars, including Fe-rich sulfates on the iron-rich planet. Each individual Fe-sulfate mineral can be used to constrain bulk chemistry and lends more information about the specific formational environment [e.g., Fe2+ sulfates are typically more water soluble than Fe3+ sulfates and their presence would imply a water-limited (and lower Eh) environment; Fe3+ sulfates form over a range of hydration levels and indicate further oxidation (biological or abiological) and increased acidification]. To enable better interpretation of past and future terrestrial or planetary data sets, with respect to the Fe-sulfates, we present a comprehensive collection of mid-infrared thermal emission (2000 to 220 cm(-1); 5-45 mu m) and visible/near-infrared (0.35-5 mu m) spectra of 21 different ferrous-and ferric-iron sulfate minerals. Mid-infrared vibrational modes (for SO4, OH, H2O) are assigned to each thermal emissivity spectrum, and the electronic excitation and transfer bands and vibrational OH, H2O, and SO4 overtone and combination bands are assigned to the visible/near-infrared reflectance spectra. Presentation and characterization of these Fe-sulfate thermal emission and visible/near-infrared reflectance spectra will enable the specific chemical environments to be determined when individual Fe-sulfate minerals are identified. C1 [Lane, Melissa D.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bishop, Janice L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Dyar, M. Darby] Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Hiroi, Takahiro] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Mertzman, Stanley A.] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Earth & Environm, Lancaster, PA 17603 USA. [Bish, David L.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [King, Penelope L.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [King, Penelope L.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Rogers, A. Deanne] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. RP Lane, MD (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell Rd,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM lane@psi.edu RI King, Penelope/A-1791-2011; Rogers, Deanne/I-9737-2016 OI King, Penelope/0000-0002-8364-9168; Rogers, Deanne/0000-0002-4671-2551 FU NASA Mars Odyssey Participating Scientist Program [606]; NASA Mars Fundamental Research Program [NNX11AF11G]; NSF for MRI award [0923224]; Canadian NSERC; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Innovation Trust; Premier's Research Excellence Award FX Thanks are extended to Ferenc Forray for synthesizing the yavapaiite sample, to Brendt Hyde for synthesizing the komelite sample and doing some XRD measurements, and to Ed Cloutis for the copiapite sample. We thank Phil Christensen for the use of his thermal emission spectrometer laboratory. Additional thanks are extended to reviewers Ed Cloutis and Jeffrey Kargel for their time and effort related to improving this paper. This work (PSI contribution no. 606) was funded through the NASA Mars Odyssey Participating Scientist Program and the NASA Mars Fundamental Research Program (Grant NNX11AF11G). Mertzman thanks NSF for MRI award number 0923224, which funded the purchase of a PANalytical X'Pert Pro X-ray diffractometer equipped with a 15-position sample changer. P.L.K. acknowledges funding from the Canadian NSERC, Canadian Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Innovation Trust and Premier's Research Excellence Award. NR 124 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 36 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 100 IS 1 BP 66 EP 82 DI 10.2138/am-2015-4762 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA AY2RJ UT WOS:000347436600010 ER PT J AU Shearer, CK Elardo, SM Petro, NE Borg, LE McCubbin, FM AF Shearer, Charles K. Elardo, Stephen M. Petro, Noah E. Borg, Lars E. McCubbin, Francis M. TI Origin of the lunar highlands Mg-suite: An integrated petrology, geochemistry, chronology, and remote sensing perspective SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Review DE Moon; lunar highlands; chronology; Mg-suite plutonic rocks; planetary crust; planetary differentiation; Review ID PRISTINE MOON ROCKS; NORITIC ANORTHOSITE CLAST; PICRITIC GLASS-BEADS; FRA MAURO FORMATION; SM-ND AGE; ION MICROPROBE; MARE BASALTS; FERROAN ANORTHOSITES; BULK COMPOSITION; MAGMA OCEAN AB The Mg-suite represents an enigmatic episode of lunar highlands magmatism that presumably represents the first stage of crustal building following primordial differentiation. This review examines the mineralogy, geochemistry, petrology, chronology, and the planetary-scale distribution of this suite of highlands plutonic rocks, presents models for their origin, examines petrogenetic relationships to other highlands rocks, and explores the link between this style of magmatism and early stages of lunar differentiation. Of the models considered for the origin of the parent magmas for the Mg-suite, the data best fit a process in which hot (solidus temperature at >= 2 GPa = 1600 to 1800 degrees C) and less dense (rho similar to 3100 kg/m(3)) early lunar magma ocean cumulates rise to the base of the crust during cumulate pile overturn. Some decompressional melting would occur, but placing a hot cumulate horizon adjacent to the plagioclase-rich primordial crust and KREEP-rich lithologies (at temperatures of <1300 degrees C) would result in the hybridization of these divergent primordial lithologies, producing Mg-suite parent magmas. As urKREEP (primeval KREEP) is not the "petrologic driver" of this style of magmatism, outside of the Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT), Mg-suite magmas are not required to have a KREEP signature. Evaluation of the chronology of this episode of highlands evolution indicates that Mg-suite magmatism was initiated soon after primordial differentiation (<10 m.y.). Alternatively, the thermal event associated with the mantle overturn may have disrupted the chronometers utilized to date the primordial crust. Petrogenetic relationships between the Mg-suite and other highlands suites (e.g., alkali-suite and magnesian anorthositic granulites) are consistent with both fractional crystallization processes and melting of distinctly different hybrid sources. C1 [Shearer, Charles K.; Elardo, Stephen M.; McCubbin, Francis M.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Petro, Noah E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Borg, Lars E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shearer, CK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM cshearer@unm.edu RI Elardo, Stephen/E-5865-2010; Petro, Noah/F-5340-2013 FU NASA Cosmochemistry Program; NASA Lunar Advanced Science for Exploration Research Program [NNX13AH85G, NNX13AJ58G, NNX13AK32G]; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship [NNX12AO15H]; NASA grant from the LASER Program [SCEX22013D]; Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Project; NASA Cosmochemistry Program [NNH12AT841] FX The authors thank the conveners (Allan Treiman, Meenakshi Wadhwa, Charles Shearer) for their work in organizing the Second Conference on the Lunar Highlands Crust (July 13-15, 2012), which was as timely as it was informative, and Stu McCallum and Dave Mogk for providing expert field guidance during the excursions to the Stillwater Complex. Ryan Zeigler and Carle Pieters are thanked for their insightful reviews that substantially improved this review. Associate editor Peter Isaacson provided useful comments and timely reviews of this lengthy manuscript. Our group is also indebted to both Peter Isaacson and Rachel Klima for organizing this special issue. C.K.S. acknowledges support from the NASA Cosmochemistry Program and NASA Lunar Advanced Science for Exploration Research Program during this study (grant no. NNX13AH85G and NNX13AJ58G to C.K.S.). S.M.E. acknowledges support from NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship NNX12AO15H. N.E.P. acknowledges the support of NASA grant SCEX22013D from the LASER Program and the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Project. L.E.B. acknowledges support from the NASA Cosmochemistry Program (grant no. NNH12AT841 to L.E.B.) during this study. F.M.M. acknowledges support from the NASA Lunar Advanced Science for Exploration Research Program during this study (grant no. NNX13AK32G to F.M.). This contribution has made use of the NASA Astrophysics Data System. NR 263 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 24 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 100 IS 1 BP 294 EP 325 DI 10.2138/am-2015-4817 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA AY2RJ UT WOS:000347436600032 ER PT J AU Ofman, L Provornikova, E Abbo, L Giordano, S AF Ofman, L. Provornikova, E. Abbo, L. Giordano, S. TI Three-dimensional multi-fluid model of a coronal streamer belt with a tilted magnetic dipole SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Solar physics astrophysics and astronomy; corona and transition region ID SLOW SOLAR-WIND; MINIMUM; FIELD; IONS; SPECTROMETER; ABUNDANCE; SUN AB Observations of streamers in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission with SOHO/UVCS show dramatic differences in line profiles and latitudinal variations in heavy ion emission compared to hydrogen Ly-alpha emission. In order to use ion emission observations of streamers as the diagnostics of the slow solar wind properties, an adequate model of a streamer including heavy ions is required. We extended a previous 2.5-D multi-species magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model of a coronal streamer to 3-D spherical geometry, and in the first approach we consider a tilted dipole configuration of the solar magnetic field. The aim of the present study is to test the 3-D results by comparing to previous 2.5-D model result for a 3-D case with moderate departure from azimuthal symmetry. The model includes O5+ ions with preferential empirical heating and allows for calculation of their density, velocity and temperature in coronal streamers. We present the first results of our 3-D multi-fluid model showing the parameters of protons, electrons and heavy ions (O5+) at the steady-state solar corona with a tilted steamer belt. We find that the 3-D results are in qualitative agreement with our previous 2.5-D model, and show longitudinal variation in the variables in accordance with the tilted streamer belt structure. Properties of heavy coronal ions obtained from the 3-D model together with EUV spectroscopic observations of streamers will help understanding the 3-D structures of streamers reducing line-of-sight integration ambiguities and identifying the sources of the slow solar wind in the lower corona. This leads to improved understanding of the physics of the slow solar wind. C1 [Ofman, L.; Provornikova, E.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Ofman, L.; Provornikova, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Abbo, L.; Giordano, S.] INAF Astrophys Observ Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. RP Ofman, L (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geosci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM leon.ofman@nasa.gov OI Abbo, Lucia/0000-0001-8235-2242; Giordano, Silvio/0000-0002-3468-8566 FU NSF [AGS-1059838]; National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) [I/023/09/0]; Italian Space Agency (ASI) [I/023/09/0] FX L. Ofman and E. Provornikova would like to acknowledge support provided through NSF grant AGS-1059838. L. Abbo would like to acknowledge support provided through contract I/023/09/0 between the National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) and the Italian Space Agency (ASI). The computations were carried out at NASA Ames Advanced Supercomputing Division. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2015 VL 33 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.5194/angeo-33-47-2015 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA5XD UT WOS:000348980700006 ER PT J AU Sulistioadi, YB Tseng, KH Shum, CK Hidayat, H Sumaryono, M Suhardiman, A Setiawan, F Sunarso, S AF Sulistioadi, Y. B. Tseng, K. -H. Shum, C. K. Hidayat, H. Sumaryono, M. Suhardiman, A. Setiawan, F. Sunarso, S. TI Satellite radar altimetry for monitoring small rivers and lakes in Indonesia SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WAVE-FORM RETRACKING; ICE-SHEET; PROCESSING SCHEME; LEVEL VARIATIONS; ANCIENT LAKES; WATER BODIES; SURFACE; FLUCTUATIONS; SPECIATION; MEKONG AB Remote sensing and satellite geodetic observations are capable of hydrologic monitoring of freshwater resources. Although satellite radar altimetry has been used in monitoring water level or discharge, its use is often limited to monitoring large rivers (> 1 km) with longer interval periods (> 1 week) because of its low temporal and spatial resolutions (i.e., satellite revisit period). Several studies have reported successful retrieval of water levels for small rivers as narrow as 40 m. However, processing current satellite altimetry signals for such small water bodies to retrieve water levels accurately remains challenging. Physically, the radar signal returned by water bodies smaller than the satellite footprint is most likely contaminated by non-water surfaces, which may degrade the measurement quality. In order to address this scientific challenge, we carefully selected the waveform shapes corresponding to the range measurement resulting from standard retrackers for the European Space Agency's (ESA's) Envisat (Environmental Satellite) radar altimetry. We applied this approach to small (40-200 m in width) and medium-sized (200-800 m in width) rivers and small lakes (extent < 1000 km(2)) in the humid tropics of Southeast Asia, specifically in Indonesia. This is the first study that explored the ability of satellite altimetry to monitor small water bodies in Indonesia. The major challenges in this study include the size of the water bodies that are much smaller than the nominal extent of the Envisat satellite footprint (e.g., similar to 250 m compared to similar to 1.7 km, respectively) and slightly smaller than the along-track distance (i.e., similar to 370 m). We addressed this challenge by optimally using geospatial information and optical remote sensing data to define the water bodies accurately, thus minimizing the probability of non-water contamination in the altimetry measurement. Considering that satellite altimetry processing may vary with different geographical regions, meteorological conditions, or hydrologic dynamic, we further evaluated the performance of all four Envisat standard retracking procedures. We found that satellite altimetry provided a good alternative or the only means in some regions of measuring the water level of medium-sized rivers and small lakes with high accuracy (root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.21-0.69 m and a correlation coefficient of 0.94-0.97). In contrast to previous studies, we found that the commonly used Ice-1 retracking algorithm was not necessarily the best retracker among the four standard waveform retracking algorithms for Envisat radar altimetry observing inland water bodies. As a recommendation, we propose to include the identification and selection of standard waveform shapes to complete the use of standard waveform retracking algorithms for Envisat radar altimetry data over small and medium-sized rivers and small lakes. C1 [Sulistioadi, Y. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tseng, K. -H.] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Taoyuan, Taiwan. [Shum, C. K.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Div Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hidayat, H.] Wageningen Univ, Hydrol & Quantitat Water Management Grp, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Sulistioadi, Y. B.; Sumaryono, M.; Suhardiman, A.] Univ Mulawarman, Dept Forest Sci, Samarinda, Indonesia. [Suhardiman, A.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Global Agr Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Hidayat, H.; Setiawan, F.] Indonesian Inst Sci, Limnol Res Ctr, Cibinong, Indonesia. [Sunarso, S.] Tbk, PT Vale Indonesia, Sorowako, Indonesia. [Shum, C. K.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geodesy & Geophys, Wuhan, Peoples R China. RP Sulistioadi, YB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM y.b.sulistioadi@nasa.gov FU Fulbright PhD Presidential Scholarship; Institute for International Education (IIE); NASA's Application Science Program under the SERVIR project [NNX12AM85G]; Chinese Academy of Sciences/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams [KZZD-EW-TZ-05]; NASA FX This research was primarily supported by the Fulbright PhD Presidential Scholarship administered by the American Indonesian Exchange Foundation (AMINEF) and the Institute for International Education (IIE). In addition, this study was partially funded by grants from NASA's Application Science Program under the SERVIR project (NNX12AM85G), and by the Chinese Academy of Sciences/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams (grant no. KZZD-EW-TZ-05). The authors greatly appreciate the Ministry of Public Works of Republic of Indonesia and PT Vale Indonesia, Tbk for providing the in situ water level data used in this research. The first author is supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. We thank the editor, Paola Passalacqua, anonymous referees and Radina Soebiyanto for their help in improving this manuscript. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 19 IS 1 BP 341 EP 359 DI 10.5194/hess-19-341-2015 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CA5EA UT WOS:000348929800019 ER PT J AU Demets, R Bertrand, M Bolkhovitinov, A Bryson, K Colas, C Cottin, H Dettmann, J Ehrenfreund, P Elsaesser, A Jaramillo, E Lebert, M van Papendrecht, G Pereira, C Rohr, T Saiagh, K Schuster, M AF Demets, R. Bertrand, M. Bolkhovitinov, A. Bryson, K. Colas, C. Cottin, H. Dettmann, J. Ehrenfreund, P. Elsaesser, A. Jaramillo, E. Lebert, M. van Papendrecht, G. Pereira, C. Rohr, T. Saiagh, K. Schuster, M. TI Window contamination on Expose-R SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solar UV; window transparency; contamination; outgassing; International Space Station AB Expose is a multi-user instrument for astrobiological and astrochemical experiments in space. Installed at the outer surface of the International Space Station, it enables investigators to study the impact of the open space environment on biological and biochemical test samples. Two Expose missions have been completed so far, designated as Expose-E (Rabbow et al. 2012) and Expose-R (Rabbow et al. this issue). One of the space-unique environmental factors offered by Expose is full-spectrum, ultraviolet (UV)-rich electromagnetic radiation from the Sun. This paper describes and analyses how on Expose-R, access of the test samples to Solar radiation degraded during space exposure in an unpredicted way. Several windows in front of the Sun-exposed test samples acquired a brown shade, resulting in a reduced transparency in visible light, UV and vacuum UV (VUV). Post-flight investigations revealed the discolouration to be caused by a homogenous film of cross-linked organic polymers at the inside of the windows. The chemical signature varied per sample carrier. No such films were found on windows from sealed, pressurized compartments, or on windows that had been kept out of the Sun. This suggests that volatile compounds originating from the interior of the Expose facility were cross-linked and photo-fixed by Solar irradiation at the rear side of the windows. The origin of the volatiles was not fully identified; most probably there was a variety of sources involved including the biological test samples, adhesives, plastics and printed circuit boards. The outer surface of the windows (pointing into space) was chemically impacted as well, with a probable effect on the transparency in VUV. The reported analysis of the window contamination on Expose-R is expected to help the interpretation of the scientific results and offers possibilities to mitigate this problem on future missions in particular Expose-R2, the direct successor of Expose-R. C1 [Demets, R.; Bolkhovitinov, A.; Dettmann, J.; van Papendrecht, G.; Rohr, T.] Estec, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Bertrand, M.] CNRS, CBM, UPR 4301, F-45071 Orleans, France. [Bryson, K.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. [Bryson, K.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Colas, C.] Univ Orleans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, F-45067 Orleans, France. [Cottin, H.; Saiagh, K.] UPEC, LISA, Paris, France. [Cottin, H.; Saiagh, K.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, UMR 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Ehrenfreund, P.; Elsaesser, A.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands. [Jaramillo, E.; Pereira, C.] RUAG Schweiz AG, CH-8052 Zurich, Switzerland. [Lebert, M.; Schuster, M.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Lehrstuhl Zellbiol, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. RP Demets, R (reprint author), Estec, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands. EM R.Demets@planet.nl RI Cottin, Herve/H-5654-2013; Elsaesser, Andreas/K-2264-2014 OI Cottin, Herve/0000-0001-9170-5265; NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1473-5504 EI 1475-3006 J9 INT J ASTROBIOL JI Int. J. Astrobiol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 14 IS 1 SI SI BP 33 EP 45 DI 10.1017/S1473550414000536 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA CA0ZH UT WOS:000348641500005 ER PT J AU Bryson, KL Salama, F Elsaesser, A Peeters, Z Ricco, AJ Foing, BH Goreva, Y AF Bryson, K. L. Salama, F. Elsaesser, A. Peeters, Z. Ricco, A. J. Foing, B. H. Goreva, Y. TI First results of the ORGANIC experiment on EXPOSE-R on the ISS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE astrobiology; EXPOSE-R; fullerenes; International Space Station; ORGANIC experiment; PAHs; photolysis; solar exposure ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; CHARGE STATES; PAHS; CARBON; HYDROGENATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CARRIERS; BANDS; C-70 AB The ORGANIC experiment on EXPOSE-R spent 682 days outside the International Space Station, providing continuous exposure to the cosmic-, solar-and trapped-particle radiation background for fourteen samples: 11 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and three fullerenes. The thin films of the ORGANIC experiment received, during space exposure, an irradiation dose of the order of 14 000 MJ m(-2) over 2900 h of unshadowed solar illumination. Extensive analyses were performed on the returned samples and the results compared to ground control measurements. Analytical studies of the returned samples included spectral measurements from the vacuum ultraviolet to the infrared range and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Limited spectral changes were observed in most cases pointing to the stability of PAHs and fullerenes under space exposure conditions. Furthermore, the results of these experiments confirm the known trend in the stability of PAH species according to molecular structure: compact PAHs are more stable than non-compact PAHs, which are themselves more stable than PAHs containing heteroatoms, the last category being the most prone to degradation in the space environment. We estimate a depletion rate of the order of 85 +/- 5% over the 17 equivalent weeks of continuous unshadowed solar exposure in the most extreme case tetracene (smallest, non-compact PAH sample). The insignificant spectral changes (below 10%) measured for solid films of large or compact PAHs and fullerenes indicate a high stability under the range of space exposure conditions investigated on EXPOSE-R. C1 [Bryson, K. L.; Salama, F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bryson, K. L.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Elsaesser, A.] Leiden Inst Chem, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Peeters, Z.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Ricco, A. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Small Spacecraft Payloads & Technol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Foing, B. H.] Estec, European Space Agcy, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Goreva, Y.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Bryson, KL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM kathryn.bryson@nasa.gov RI Elsaesser, Andreas/K-2264-2014; OI Ricco, Antonio/0000-0002-2355-4984; Salama, Farid/0000-0002-6064-4401 FU ESA Human Spaceflight and Microgravity Programme; NASA's Science Mission Directorate through the Astronomy and Physics Research and Analysis (APRA) programme; NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI) programme; NASA Astrobiology Institute; Netherlands Space Office NSO; Sloan Foundation; Deep Carbon Observatory FX The authors acknowledge the support of ESA Human Spaceflight and Microgravity Programme and NASA's Science Mission Directorate through the Astronomy and Physics Research and Analysis (APRA) and NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI) programmes. We acknowledge the NASA Astrobiology Institute and the Netherlands Space Office NSO as funding sources. The authors thank E.P. Monaghan and D. Wills for their support in the flight preparations and E. Jessberger, A. Bischoff, M. Breitfellner and F. Robert. The authors acknowledge the outstanding technical support provided by R. Walker in the Astrophysics and Astrochemistry Laboratory at NASA Ames Research Center. The authors acknowledge Sloan Foundation and Deep Carbon Observatory for funding TOF-SIMS analyses. We gratefully acknowledge the beam time allocated at the synchrotron facility ASTRID and thank Soren V. Hoffmann and Nykola C. Jones for their valuable support. We thank Pascale Ehrenfreund (PI of ORGANIC experiment on EXPOSE-R on ISS). NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1473-5504 EI 1475-3006 J9 INT J ASTROBIOL JI Int. J. Astrobiol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 14 IS 1 SI SI BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1017/S1473550414000597 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA CA0ZH UT WOS:000348641500007 ER PT J AU Mancinelli, RL AF Mancinelli, R. L. TI The affect of the space environment on the survival of Halorubrum chaoviator and Synechococcus (Nageli): data from the Space Experiment OSMO on EXPOSE-R SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE desiccation resistance; halophiles; International Space Station; radiation resistance; space flight ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS SPORES; BACTERIAL-SPORES; EXTREME DRYNESS; MARS; DNA; LIFE; UV; MICROORGANISMS; TERRESTRIAL; EVAPORITES AB We have shown using ESA's Biopan facility flown in Earth orbit that when exposed to the space environment for 2 weeks the survival rate of Synechococcus (Nageli), a halophilic cyanobacterium isolated from the evaporitic gypsum-halite crusts that form along the marine intertidal, and Halorubrum chaoviator a member of the Halobacteriaceae isolated from an evaporitic NaCl crystal obtained from a salt evaporation pond, were higher than all other test organisms except Bacillus spores. These results led to the EXPOSE-R mission to extend and refine these experiments as part of the experimental package for the external platform space exposure facility on the ISS. The experiment was flown in February 2009 and the organisms were exposed to low-Earth orbit for nearly 2 years. Samples were either exposed to solar ultraviolet (UV)-radiation (lambda > 110 nm or lambda > 200 nm, cosmic radiation (dosage range 225-320 mGy), or kept in darkness shielded from solar UV-radiation. Half of each of the UV-radiation exposed samples and dark samples were exposed to space vacuum and half kept at 10(5) pascals in argon. Duplicate samples were kept in the laboratory to serve as unexposed controls. Ground simulation control experiments were also performed. After retrieval, organism viability was tested using Molecular Probes Live-Dead Bac-Lite stain and by their reproduction capability. Samples kept in the dark, but exposed to space vacuum had a 90 +/- 5% survival rate compared to the ground controls. Samples exposed to full UV-radiation for over a year were bleached and although results from Molecular Probes Live-Dead stain suggested similar to 10% survival, the data indicate that no survival was detected using cell growth and division using the most probable number method. Those samples exposed to attenuated UV-radiation exhibited limited survival. Results from of this study are relevant to understanding adaptation and evolution of life, the future of life beyond earth, the potential for interplanetary transfer of viable microbes via meteorites and dust particles as well as spacecraft, and the physiology of halophiles. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94043 USA. RP Mancinelli, RL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94043 USA. EM Rocco.L.Mancinelli@nasa.gov RI Mancinelli, Rocco/L-8971-2016 FU NASA Astrobiology Institute [NNA10DE25] FX Funding for this study was provided by the NASA Astrobiology Institute through Co-operative agreement NNA10DE25 G Technical support was provided by R. Landheim. We thank Gerda Horneck, Elke Rabbow and Corinna Panitz for their assistance and support throughout the mission. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 22 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1473-5504 EI 1475-3006 J9 INT J ASTROBIOL JI Int. J. Astrobiol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 14 IS 1 SI SI BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1017/S147355041400055X PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA CA0ZH UT WOS:000348641500014 ER PT J AU Raccanelli, A Dore, O Bacon, DJ Maartens, R Santos, MG Camera, S Davis, TM Drinkwater, MJ Jarvis, M Norris, R Parkinson, D AF Raccanelli, Alvise Dore, Olivier Bacon, David J. Maartens, Roy Santos, Mario G. Camera, Stefano Davis, Tamara M. Drinkwater, Michael J. Jarvis, Matt Norris, Ray Parkinson, David TI Probing primordial non-Gaussianity via iSW measurements with SKA continuum surveys SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE power spectrum; cosmological parameters from LSS; integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect; physics of the early universe ID RADIO-SOURCES; COSMOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS; FOREGROUND SUBTRACTION; ANGULAR VARIATIONS; CROSS-CORRELATION; MODEL; EVOLUTION; GALAXY; BIAS; PERTURBATIONS AB The Planck CMB experiment has delivered the best constraints so far on primordial non-Gaussianity, ruling out early-Universe models of inflation that generate large non-Gaussianity. Although small improvements in the CMB constraints are expected, the next frontier of precision will come from future large-scale surveys of the galaxy distribution. The advantage of such surveys is that they can measure many more modes than the CMB - in particular, forthcoming radio surveys with the Square Kilometre Array will cover huge volumes. Radio continuum surveys deliver the largest volumes, but with the disadvantage of no redshift information. In order to mitigate this, we use two additional observables. First, the integrated Sachs-Wolfe - effect the cross-correlation of the radio number counts with the CMB temperature anisotropies - helps to reduce systematics on the large scales that are sensitive to non-Gaussianity. Second, optical data allows for cross-identification in order to gain some redshift information. We show that, while the single redshift bin case can provide a sigma(f(NL)) similar to 20, and is therefore not competitive with current and future constraints on non-Gaussianity, a tomographic analysis could improve the constraints by an order of magnitude, even with only two redshift bins. A huge improvement is provided by the addition of high-redshift sources, so having cross-ID for high-z galaxies and an even higher-z radio tail is key to enabling very precise measurements of f(NL). We use Fisher matrix forecasts to predict the constraining power in the case of no redshift information and the case where cross-ID allows a tomographic analysis, and we show that the constraints do not improve much with 3 or more bins. Our results show that SKA continuum surveys could provide constraints competitive with CMB and forthcoming optical surveys, potentially allowing a measurement of sigma(fNL) similar to 1 to be made. Moreover, these measurements would act as a useful check of results obtained with other probes at other redshift ranges with other methods. C1 [Raccanelli, Alvise; Dore, Olivier] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Raccanelli, Alvise; Dore, Olivier] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bacon, David J.; Maartens, Roy] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth P01 3FX, Hants, England. [Maartens, Roy; Santos, Mario G.; Jarvis, Matt] Univ Western Cape, Dept Phys, ZA-7535 Cape Town, South Africa. [Santos, Mario G.] SKA SA, ZA-7405 Pinelands, South Africa. [Camera, Stefano] Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, CENTRA, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Davis, Tamara M.; Drinkwater, Michael J.; Parkinson, David] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Jarvis, Matt] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Norris, Ray] CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. RP Raccanelli, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM alvise@jhu.edu; olivier.dore@caltech.edu; David.Bacon@port.ac.uk; roy.maartens@gmail.com; mariogrs@gmail.com; stefano.camera@manchester.ac.uk; tamarad@physics.uq.edu.au; m.drinkwater@uq.edu.au; matt.jarvis@astro.ox.ac.uk; raypnorris@gmail.com; d.parkinson@uq.edu.au RI Norris, Ray/A-1316-2008; Parkinson, David/E-1183-2013; Santos, Mario/F-2484-2011; Drinkwater, Michael/A-2201-2008; Camera, Stefano/N-2456-2013; Davis, Tamara/A-4280-2008; OI Norris, Ray/0000-0002-4597-1906; Parkinson, David/0000-0002-7464-2351; Santos, Mario/0000-0003-3892-3073; Drinkwater, Michael/0000-0003-4867-0022; Camera, Stefano/0000-0003-3399-3574; Davis, Tamara/0000-0002-4213-8783; Raccanelli, Alvise/0000-0001-6726-0438 FU U.K. Science & Technology Facilities Council [ST/K0090X/1]; South Africa Square Kilometre Array Project; South African National Research Foundation; FCT [PTDC/FIS-AST/2194/2012]; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO) [CE110001020] FX AR would like to thank S. Stevanato for useful discussions. Part of the research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. DJB and RM were supported by the U.K. Science & Technology Facilities Council (grant ST/K0090X/1). RM, MGS and MJ were supported by the South Africa Square Kilometre Array Project and the South African National Research Foundation. MGS and SC acknowledges support from FCT under grant PTDC/FIS-AST/2194/2012. Parts of this research were supported by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), through project number CE110001020. NR 87 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 IS 1 AR 042 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2015/01/042 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA CA9YZ UT WOS:000349283000042 ER PT J AU Peelukhana, SV Effat, M Kolli, KK Arif, I Helmy, T Leesar, M Kerr, H Back, LH Banerjee, R AF Peelukhana, Srikara V. Effat, Mohamed Kolli, Kranthi K. Arif, Imran Helmy, Tarek Leesar, Massoud Kerr, Hanan Back, Lloyd H. Banerjee, Rupak TI Lesion Flow Coefficient: A Combined Anatomical and Functional Parameter for Detection of Coronary Artery Disease - A Clinical Study SO JOURNAL OF INVASIVE CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coronary artery disease; anatomical and functional diagnosis; lesion flow coefficient; FFR; CFR; catheterization ID OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; PRESSURE-DROP COEFFICIENT; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND; STENOSIS SEVERITY; MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION; PORCINE MODEL; EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION; INTRACORONARY PRESSURE; MULTIVESSEL EVALUATION AB Invasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease utilizes either anatomical or functional measurements. In this study, we tested a futuristic parameter, lesion flow coefficient (LFC, defined as the ratio of percent coronary area stenosis (% AS) to the square root of the ratio of the pressure drop across the stenosis to the dynamic pressure in the throat region), that combines both the anatomical (% AS) and functional measurements (pressure and flow) for application in a clinical setting. In 51 vessels, simultaneous pressure and flow readings were obtained using a 0.014. Combowire (Volcano Corporation). Anatomical details were assessed using quantitative coronary angiography (QCA). Fractional flow reserve (FFR), coronary flow reserve (CFR), hyperemic stenosis resistance index (HSR), and hyperemic microvascular index (HMR) were obtained at baseline and adenosine-induced hyperemia. QCA data were corrected for the presence of guidewire and then the LFC values were calculated. LFC was correlated with FFR, CFR, HSR, and HMR, individually and in combination with % AS, under both baseline and hyperemic conditions. Further, in 5 vessels, LFC group mean values were compared between pre-PCI and post-PCI groups. P<.05 was considered statistically significant. LFC measured at hyperemia correlated significantly when the pressure-based FFR, flow-based CFR, and anatomically measured % AS were combined (r = 0.64; P<.05). Similarly, LFC correlated significantly when HSR, HMR, and % AS were combined (r = 0.72; P<.05). LFC was able to significantly distinguish between pre-PCI and post-PCI groups (0.42 +/- 0.05 and 0.05 +/- 0.004, respectively; P<.05). Similar results were obtained for the LFC at baseline conditions. LFC, a futuristic parameter that combines both the anatomical and functional endpoints, has potential for application in a clinical setting for stenosis evaluation, under both hyperemic and baseline conditions. C1 [Peelukhana, Srikara V.; Kolli, Kranthi K.; Banerjee, Rupak] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Effat, Mohamed; Arif, Imran; Helmy, Tarek] Univ Cincinnati, Div Cardiovasc Dis, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Peelukhana, Srikara V.; Effat, Mohamed; Kolli, Kranthi K.; Arif, Imran; Helmy, Tarek; Kerr, Hanan; Banerjee, Rupak] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Leesar, Massoud] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. [Back, Lloyd H.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Banerjee, R (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, 598 Rhodes Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM rupak.banerjee@uc.edu FU VA Merit Review Grant [I01CX000342-01]; Department of Veteran Affairs FX This work is funded by the VA Merit Review Grant (I01CX000342-01), Department of Veteran Affairs. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU H M P COMMUNICATIONS PI MALVERN PA 83 GENERAL WARREN BLVD, STE 100, MALVERN, PA 19355 USA SN 1042-3931 EI 1557-2501 J9 J INVASIVE CARDIOL JI J. Invasive Cardiol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 27 IS 1 BP 54 EP + PG 12 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA AZ2ZX UT WOS:000348098700013 PM 25589702 ER PT J AU Martinez-Manso, J Gonzalez, AH Ashby, MLN Stanford, SA Brodwin, M Holder, GP Stern, D AF Martinez-Manso, Jesus Gonzalez, Anthony H. Ashby, Matthew L. N. Stanford, S. A. Brodwin, Mark Holder, Gilbert P. Stern, Daniel TI The Spitzer South Pole Telescope Deep-Field Survey: linking galaxies and haloes at z=1.5 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: haloes; galaxies: high-redshift; cosmology: observations; large-scale structure of Universe ID DARK-MATTER HALOES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; STELLAR POPULATION SYNTHESIS; STAR-FORMATION HISTORIES; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; SIMILAR-TO 1; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; IRAC SHALLOW SURVEY; MEDIUM-BAND SURVEY AB We present an analysis of the clustering of high-redshift galaxies in the recently completed 94 deg(2) Spitzer South Pole Telescope Deep-Field survey. Applying flux and colour cuts to the mid-infrared photometry efficiently selects galaxies at z similar to 1.5 in the stellar mass range 10(10)-10(11)M(circle dot), making this sample the largest used so far to study such a distant population. We measure the angular correlation function in different flux-limited samples at scales >6 arcsec (corresponding to physical distances >0.05 Mpc) and thereby map the one-and two-halo contributions to the clustering. We fit halo occupation distributions and determine how the central galaxy's stellar mass and satellite occupation depend on the halo mass. We measure a prominent peak in the stellar-to-halo mass ratio at a halo mass of log (M-halo/M-circle dot) = 12.44 +/- 0.08, 4.5 times higher than the z = 0 value. This supports the idea of an evolving mass threshold above which star formation is quenched. We estimate the large-scale bias in the range b(g) = 2-4 and the satellite fraction to be f(sat) similar to 0.2, showing a clear evolution compared to z = 0. We also find that, above a given stellar mass limit, the fraction of galaxies that are in similar mass pairs is higher at z = 1.5 than at z = 0. In addition, we measure that this fraction mildly increases with the stellar mass limit at z = 1.5, which is the opposite of the behaviour seen at low redshift. C1 [Martinez-Manso, Jesus; Gonzalez, Anthony H.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ashby, Matthew L. N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stanford, S. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brodwin, Mark] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Holder, Gilbert P.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Stern, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Martinez-Manso, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM j.martinez.manso@gmail.com NR 164 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 446 IS 1 BP 169 EP 194 DI 10.1093/mnras/stu1998 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY3ZP UT WOS:000347518300012 ER PT J AU Luangtip, W Roberts, TP Mineo, S Lehmer, BD Alexander, DM Jackson, FE Goulding, AD Fischer, JL AF Luangtip, W. Roberts, T. P. Mineo, S. Lehmer, B. D. Alexander, D. M. Jackson, F. E. Goulding, A. D. Fischer, J. L. TI A deficit of ultraluminous X-ray sources in luminous infrared galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; galaxies: starburst; infrared: alaxies; X-rays: binaries ID STAR-FORMATION RATE; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; HOLMBERG IX X-1; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; SUPER-EDDINGTON ACCRETION; FORMATION RATE INDICATORS; MASS BLACK-HOLES; METAL-POOR STARS; NGC 1313 X-1; SOURCE POPULATION AB We present results from a Chandra study of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in a sample of 17 nearby (D-L < 60 Mpc) luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), selected to have star formation rates (SFRs) in excess of 7 M-circle dot yr(-1) and low foreground Galactic column densities (N-H less than or similar to 5 x 10(20) cm(-2)). Atotal of 53 ULXs were detected and we confirm that this is a complete catalogue of ULXs for the LIRG sample. We examine the evolution of ULX spectra with luminosity in these galaxies by stacking the spectra of individual objects in three luminosity bins, finding a distinct change in spectral index at luminosity similar to 2 x 10(39) erg s(-1). This may be a change in spectrum as 10 M-circle dot black holes transit from an similar to Eddington to a super-Eddington accretion regime, and is supported by a plausible detection of partially ionized absorption imprinted on the spectrum of the luminous ULX (L-X approximate to 5 x 10(39) erg s(-1)) CXOU J024238.9-000055 in NGC 1068, consistent with the highly ionized massive wind that we would expect to see driven by a super-Eddington accretion flow. This sample shows a large deficit in the number of ULXs detected per unit SFR (0.2 versus 2 ULXs, per M-circle dot yr(-1)) compared to the detection rate in nearby (D-L < 14.5 Mpc) normal star-forming galaxies. This deficit also manifests itself as a lower differential X-ray luminosity function normalization for the LIRG sample than for samples of other star-forming galaxies. We show that it is unlikely that this deficit is a purely observational effect. Part of this deficit might be attributable to the high metallicity of the LIRGs impeding the production efficiency of ULXs and/or a lag between the star formation starting and the production of ULXs; however, we argue that the evidence - including very low N-ULX/L-FIR, and an even lower ULX incidence in the central regions of the LIRGs - shows that the main culprit for this deficit is likely to be the high column of gas and dust in these galaxies, that fuels the high SFR but also acts to obscure many ULXs from our view. C1 [Luangtip, W.; Roberts, T. P.; Mineo, S.; Alexander, D. M.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Mineo, S.; Goulding, A. D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lehmer, B. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Lehmer, B. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jackson, F. E.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Fischer, J. L.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Luangtip, W (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Phys, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM wasutep.luangtip@durham.ac.uk FU Royal Thai Fellowship scheme; STFC [ST/G001588/1, ST/K000861/1] FX We thank the anonymous referee for their suggestions that resulted in improvements to this paper. WL acknowledges support in the form of funding for a PhD studentship from the Royal Thai Fellowship scheme. TPR thanks STFC for support in the form of the standard grant ST/G001588/1 and subsequently as part of the consolidated grant ST/K000861/1. We thank various colleagues for useful conversations, notably Poshak Gandhi for pointing out the CCSNe results and James Mullaney for a helpful discussion in the AGN contribution fitting result. We would also like to thank Steven Willner for a valuable discussion on the effect of dust versus galaxy age. NR 113 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 446 IS 1 BP 470 EP 492 DI 10.1093/mnras/stu2086 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY3ZP UT WOS:000347518300033 ER PT J AU Kara, E Zoghbi, A Marinucci, A Walton, DJ Fabian, AC Risaliti, G Boggs, SE Christensen, FE Fuerst, F Hailey, CJ Harrison, FA Matt, G Parker, ML Reynolds, CS Stern, D Zhang, WW AF Kara, E. Zoghbi, A. Marinucci, A. Walton, D. J. Fabian, A. C. Risaliti, G. Boggs, S. E. Christensen, F. E. Fuerst, F. Hailey, C. J. Harrison, F. A. Matt, G. Parker, M. L. Reynolds, C. S. Stern, D. Zhang, W. W. TI Iron K and Compton hump reverberation in SWIFT J2127.4+5654 and NGC 1365 revealed by NuSTAR and XMM-Newton SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; galaxies: active; X-rays: galaxies ID X-RAY REVERBERATION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; LINE SEYFERT-1 ARK-564; BLACK-HOLE MASS; TIME-LAGS; CYGNUS X-1; SPECTRAL VARIABILITY; TIMING PROPERTIES; LIGHT CURVES AB In the past five years, a flurry of X-ray reverberation lag measurements of accreting supermassive black holes have been made using the XMM-Newton telescope in the 0.3-10 keV energy range. In this work, we use the NuSTAR (Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array) telescope to extend the lag analysis up to higher energies for two Seyfert galaxies, SWIFT J2127.4+5654 and NGC 1365. X-ray reverberation lags are due to the light travel time delays between the direct continuum emission and the reprocessed emission from the inner radii of an ionized accretion disc. XMM-Newton has been particularly adept at measuring the lag associated with the broad Fe K emission line, where the gravitationally redshifted wing of the line is observed to respond before the line centroid at 6.4 keV, produced at larger radii. Now, we use NuSTAR to probe the lag at higher energies, where the spectrum shows clear evidence for Compton reflection, known as the Compton 'hump'. The XMM-Newton data show Fe K lags in both SWIFT J2127.4+5654 and NGC 1365. The NuSTAR data provide independent confirmation of these Fe K lags, and also show evidence for the corresponding Compton hump lags, especially in SWIFT J2127.4+5654. These broad-band lag measurements confirm that the Compton hump and Fe K lag are produced at small radii. At low frequencies in NGC 1365, where the spectrum shows evidence for eclipsing clouds in the line of sight, we find a clear negative (not positive) lag from 2 to 10 keV, which can be understood as the decrease in column density from a neutral eclipsing cloud moving out of our line of sight during the observation. C1 [Kara, E.; Fabian, A. C.; Parker, M. L.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 OHA, England. [Zoghbi, A.; Reynolds, C. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zoghbi, A.] Joint Space Sci Inst JSI, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Marinucci, A.] Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [Walton, D. J.; Fuerst, F.; Harrison, F. A.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Risaliti, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Risaliti, G.] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Boggs, S. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Christensen, F. E.] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Space Natl Space Inst, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Hailey, C. J.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Stern, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Zhang, W. W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kara, E (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 OHA, England. EM ekara@ast.cam.ac.uk RI Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015; Zoghbi, Abderahmen/A-8445-2017; OI Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224; Zoghbi, Abderahmen/0000-0002-0572-9613; Risaliti, Guido/0000-0002-3556-977X FU European Union [312789]; Italian Space Agency [ASI/INAF I/037/12/0-011/13]; ESA Member States; NASA [NNG08FD60C]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments. EK thanks the Gates Cambridge Scholarship. ACF thanks the Royal Society. EK, ACF, AM and GM acknowledge support from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 312789, StrongGravity. AM and GM acknowledge financial support from Italian Space Agency under grant ASI/INAF I/037/12/0-011/13. This work is based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA. This work was supported under NASA Contract No. NNG08FD60C, and made use of data from the NuSTAR mission, a project led by the California Institute of Technology, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank the NuSTAR Operations, Software and Calibration teams for support with the execution and analysis of these observations. This research has made use of the NuSTAR Data Analysis Software (NuSTARDAS) jointly developed by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC, Italy) and the California Institute of Technology (USA). NR 67 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 446 IS 1 BP 737 EP 749 DI 10.1093/mnras/stu2136 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY3ZP UT WOS:000347518300053 ER PT J AU Ingrosso, G Novati, SC De Paolis, F Jetzer, P Nucita, AA Strafella, F AF Ingrosso, G. Novati, S. Calchi De Paolis, F. Jetzer, Ph Nucita, A. A. Strafella, F. TI Measuring polarization in microlensing events SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE polarization; Galaxy: bulge ID CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; GALACTIC BULGE; GIANT BRANCH; LENS; M31; GRAINS; CUSPS AB We reconsider the polarization of the star light that may arise during microlensing events due to the high gradient of magnification across the atmosphere of the source star, by exploring the full range of microlensing and stellar physical parameters. Since it is already known that only cool evolved giant stars give rise to the highest polarization signals, we follow the model by Simmons et al. to compute the polarization as due to the photon scattering on dust grains in the stellar wind. Motivated by the possibility to perform a polarization measurement during an ongoing microlensing event, we consider the recently reported event catalogue by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) collaboration covering the 2001-2009 campaigns (OGLE-III events), that makes available the largest and more comprehensive set of single-lens microlensing events towards the Galactic bulge. The study of these events, integrated by a Monte Carlo analysis, allows us to estimate the expected polarization profiles and to predict for which source stars and at which time is most convenient to perform a polarization measurement in an ongoing event. We find that about two dozens of OGLE-III events (about 1 per cent of the total) have maximum polarization degree in the range 0.1 < P-max < 1 per cent, corresponding to source stars with apparent magnitude I less than or similar to 14.5, being very cool red giants. This signal is measurable by using the FOcal Reducer and lowdispersion Spectrograph (FORS2) polarimeter at Very Large Telescope (VLT) telescope with about 1 h integration time. C1 [Ingrosso, G.; De Paolis, F.; Nucita, A. A.; Strafella, F.] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Ingrosso, G.; De Paolis, F.; Nucita, A. A.; Strafella, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Novati, S. Calchi] Univ Salerno, Dipartimento Fis ER Caianiello, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy. [Novati, S. Calchi] IIASS, I-84019 Vietri Sul Mare, SA, Italy. [Novati, S. Calchi] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jetzer, Ph] Univ Zurich, Dept Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Ingrosso, G (reprint author), Univ Salento, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, CP 193, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. EM ingrosso@le.infn.it FU computer division of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias FX We acknowledge for stimulating discussions N. Rattenbury and H. M. Schmid. We also thank the anonymous referee for useful comments. This work make use of the IAC-Star synthetic CMD computational code. IAC-Star is supported and maintained by the computer division of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 446 IS 1 BP 1090 EP 1097 DI 10.1093/mnras/stu2161 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY3ZP UT WOS:000347518300081 ER PT J AU Kazanas, D Mohapatra, RN Nussinov, S Teplitz, VL Zhang, YC AF Kazanas, Demos Mohapatra, Rabindra N. Nussinov, Shmuel Teplitz, Vigdor L. Zhang, Yongchao TI Supernova bounds on the dark photon using its electromagnetic decay SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID BEAM-DUMP; NEUTRINOS; MATTER; CONSTRAINTS; SN-1987A; UNIVERSE; SN1987A; AXIONS; SEARCH; LIMITS AB The hypothetical massive dark photon (gamma') which has kinetic mixing with the SM photon can decay electromagnetically to e(+)e(-) pairs if its mass m exceeds 2m(e), and otherwise into three SM photons. These decays yield cosmological and supernovae associated signatures. We briefly discuss these signatures, particularly in connection with the supernova SN1987A, and delineate the extra constraints that arise on the mass and mixing parameter of the dark photon. In particular, we find that for dark photon mass m gamma' in the 5-20 MeV range arguments based on supernova 1987A observations lead to a bound on c which is about 300 times stronger than the presently existing bounds based on energy loss arguments. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kazanas, Demos; Teplitz, Vigdor L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mohapatra, Rabindra N.; Zhang, Yongchao] Univ Maryland, Maryland Ctr Fundamental Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mohapatra, Rabindra N.; Zhang, Yongchao] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nussinov, Shmuel] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Nussinov, Shmuel] Chapman Univ, Schmid Coll Sci, Orange, CA 92866 USA. [Teplitz, Vigdor L.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Zhang, Yongchao] Peking Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, YC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland Ctr Fundamental Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM yczhang@pku.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [11105004]; NSF [PHY-1315155]; NASA ATP grant; Fermi GI grant FX We would like to thank Rouven Essig, Maxim Perelstein, Doris C. Rosenbaum, Tod Strohmayer, Nolan R. Walborn, Yue Zhang and Xinmin Zhang for discussion. Y.Z. thanks the Center for Future High Energy Physics, Institute of High Energy physics, CAS, where this work is finalized, and his work is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant No. 11105004. Work of R.N.M. was supported by the NSF grant No. PHY-1315155 and that of D.K. by NASA ATP and Fermi GI grants. S.N. wishes to thank the Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics for hospitality. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JAN PY 2015 VL 890 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2014.11.009 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA CA2NW UT WOS:000348745900002 ER PT J AU Marcogliese, DJ Jacobson, KC AF Marcogliese, David J. Jacobson, Kym C. TI Parasites as biological tags of marine, freshwater and anadromous fishes in North America from the tropics to the Arctic SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological tags; marine; freshwater; anadromous; fish; Atlantic; Pacific ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; HALIBUT REINHARDTIUS-HIPPOGLOSSOIDES; ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS LINNAEUS; SARDINES SARDINOPS-SAGAX; CAPE-BRETON SHELF; SCOTIAN SHELF AB Parasites have been considered as natural biological tags of marine fish populations in North America for almost 75 years. In the Northwest Atlantic, the most studied species include Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and the redfishes (Sebastes spp.). In the North Pacific, research has centred primarily on salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.). However, parasites have been applied as tags for numerous other pelagic and demersal species on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Relatively few studies have been undertaken in the Arctic, and these were designed to discriminate anadromous and resident salmonids (Salvelinus spp.). Although rarely applied in fresh waters, parasites have been used to delineate certain fish stocks within the Great Lakes-St Lawrence River basin. Anisakid nematodes and the copepod Sphyrion lumpi frequently prove useful indicators in the Northwest Atlantic, while myxozoan parasites prove very effective on the coast and open seas of the Pacific Ocean. Relative differences in the ability of parasites to discriminate between fish stocks on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts may be due to oceanographic and bathymetric differences between regions. Molecular techniques used to differentiate populations and species of parasites show promise in future applications in the field. C1 [Marcogliese, David J.] Environm Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Aquat Biodivers Sect,Sci & Technol Branch,St Lawr, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E7, Canada. [Jacobson, Kym C.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Marcogliese, DJ (reprint author), Environm Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Aquat Biodivers Sect,Sci & Technol Branch,St Lawr, 105 McGill,7th Floor, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E7, Canada. EM david.marcogliese@ec.gc.ca NR 157 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 EI 1469-8161 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD JAN PY 2015 VL 142 IS 1 SI SI BP 68 EP 89 DI 10.1017/S0031182014000110 PG 22 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA CA8EJ UT WOS:000349149200006 PM 24612602 ER PT J AU Cataldo, G Wollack, EJ Barrentine, EM Brown, AD Moseley, SH U-Yen, K AF Cataldo, Giuseppe Wollack, Edward J. Barrentine, Emily M. Brown, Ari D. Moseley, S. Harvey U-Yen, Kongpop TI Analysis and calibration techniques for superconducting resonators SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FANO RESONANCE; FREQUENCY AB A method is proposed and experimentally explored for in-situ calibration of complex transmission data for superconducting microwave resonators. This cryogenic calibration method accounts for the instrumental transmission response between the vector network analyzer reference plane and the device calibration plane. Once calibrated, the observed resonator response is analyzed in detail by two approaches. The first, a phenomenological model based on physically realizable rational functions, enables the extraction of multiple resonance frequencies and widths for coupled resonators without explicit specification of the circuit network. In the second, an ABCD-matrix representation for the distributed transmission line circuit is used to model the observed response from the characteristic impedance and propagation constant. When used in conjunction with electromagnetic simulations, the kinetic inductance fraction can be determined with this method with an accuracy of 2%. Datasets for superconducting microstrip and coplanar-waveguide resonator devices were investigated and a recovery within 1% of the observed complex transmission amplitude was achieved with both analysis approaches. The experimental configuration used in microwave characterization of the devices and self-consistent constraints for the electromagnetic constitutive relations for parameter extraction are also presented. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Cataldo, Giuseppe; Wollack, Edward J.; Barrentine, Emily M.; Brown, Ari D.; Moseley, S. Harvey; U-Yen, Kongpop] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cataldo, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Giuseppe.Cataldo@NASA.gov RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 FU NASA ROSES/APRA program; Massachusetts Institute of Technology FX We acknowledge financial support from the NASA ROSES/APRA program and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology "Arthur Gelb" fellowship. We would like to thank Amil Patel for sample fabrication as well as David Chuss, Negar Ehsan, Omid Noroozian, Jack Sadleir, and Thomas Stevenson for helpful conversations and contributions to this work. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 86 IS 1 AR 013103 DI 10.1063/1.4904972 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CA7AF UT WOS:000349068700005 PM 25638068 ER PT J AU Tinto, M DeBra, D Buchman, S Tilley, S AF Tinto, M. DeBra, D. Buchman, S. Tilley, S. TI gLISA: geosynchronous laser interferometer space antenna concepts with off-the-shelf satellites SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB We discuss two geosynchronous gravitational wave (GW) mission concepts, which we generically name gLISA. One relies on the science instrument hosting program onboard geostationary commercial satellites, while the other takes advantage of recent developments in the aerospace industry that result in dramatic satellite and launching vehicle cost reductions for a dedicated geosynchronous mission. To achieve the required level of disturbance free-fall onboard these large and heavy platforms, we propose a new drag-free system, which we have named "two-stage" drag-free. It incorporates the Modular Gravitational Reference Sensor (developed at Stanford University) and does not rely on the use of mu N thrusters. Although both mission concepts are characterized by different technical and programmatic challenges, individually they could be flown and operated at a cost significantly lower than those of previously envisioned gravitational wave missions, and in the year 2015 we will perform at JPL a detailed selecting mission analysis. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Tinto, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [DeBra, D.; Buchman, S.] Stanford Univ, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Tilley, S.] Space Syst Loral SSL, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. RP Tinto, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 238-737,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory Research & Technology Development program; KACST-Stanford Center for excellence in Aeronautics and Astronautics; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Massimo Tinto thanks Dr. Anthony Freeman for stimulating conversations on the instrument hosting program on-board commercial geostationary satellites and acknowledges financial support provided by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Research & Technology Development program. Daniel DeBra and Sasha Buchman appreciate the support from the KACST-Stanford Center for excellence in Aeronautics and Astronautics. Scott Tilley acknowledges fruitful discussions with Alfred Tadros, Peter Lord, and Andy Turner at SSL. For Massimo Tinto, this research was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 86 IS 1 AR 014501 DI 10.1063/1.4904862 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CA7AF UT WOS:000349068700038 PM 25638101 ER PT J AU Bontempi, P Lindstrom, E Turner, W AF Bontempi, Paula Lindstrom, Eric Turner, Woody TI Enhancing Earth Observation Networks From Space SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Bontempi, Paula; Lindstrom, Eric; Turner, Woody] NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bontempi, P (reprint author), NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 56 IS 1 BP 11 EP 13 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA CA4SN UT WOS:000348894800002 ER PT J AU Prive, NC Errico, RM AF Prive, Nikki C. Errico, Ronald M. TI Spectral analysis of forecast error investigated with an observing system simulation experiment SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE numerical weather prediction; OSSE; error spectra; GEOS-5 model; nature run; analysis verification ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTABILITY; ASSIMILATION OFFICE; SINGULAR VECTORS; MODEL; SCALE; SKILL; RANGE; FLOW; VALIDATION AB The spectra of analysis and forecast error are examined using the observing system simulation experiment framework developed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Global Modeling and Assimilation Office. A global numerical weather prediction model, the Global Earth Observing System version 5 with Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation data assimilation, is cycled for 2 months with once-daily forecasts to 336 hours to generate a Control case. Verification of forecast errors using the nature run (NR) as truth is compared with verification of forecast errors using self-analysis; significant underestimation of forecast errors is seen using self-analysis verification for up to 48 hours. Likewise, self-analysis verification significantly overestimates the error growth rates of the early forecast, as well as mis-characterising the spatial scales at which the strongest growth occurs. The NR-verified error variances exhibit a complicated progression of growth, particularly for low wavenumber errors. In a second experiment, cycling of the model and data assimilation over the same period is repeated, but using synthetic observations with different explicitly added observation errors having the same error variances as the control experiment, thus creating a different realisation of the control. The forecast errors of the two experiments become more correlated during the early forecast period, with correlations increasing for up to 72 hours before beginning to decrease. C1 [Prive, Nikki C.; Errico, Ronald M.] Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Prive, Nikki C.; Errico, Ronald M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Prive, NC (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. EM nikki.prive@nasa.gov OI Prive, Nikki/0000-0001-8309-8741 FU GMAO FX The ECMWF Nature Run was provided by Erik Andersson through arrangements made by Michiko Masutani. Support for this project was encouraged by Steven Pawson and provided by GMAO core funding. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 EI 1600-0870 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PY 2015 VL 67 AR 25977 DI 10.3402/tellusa.v67.25977 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA CB0TR UT WOS:000349340700001 ER PT J AU Gange, G Navas, JA Schachte, P Sondergaard, H Stuckey, PJ AF Gange, Graeme Navas, Jorge A. Schachte, Peter Sondergaard, Harald Stuckey, Peter J. TI Interval Analysis and Machine Arithmetic: Why Signedness Ignorance Is Bliss SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Languages; Reliability; Theory; Verification; Abstract interpretation; interval analysis; LLVM; machine arithmetic; modular arithmetic; overflow; program analysis ID AUTOMATIC ABSTRACTION; EMBEDDED SOFTWARE; CONGRUENCES; TIME AB The most commonly used integer types have fixed bit-width, making it possible for computations to "wrap around," and many programs depend on this behaviour. Yet much work to date on program analysis and verification of integer computations treats integers as having infinite precision, and most analyses that do respect fixed width lose precision when overflow is possible. We present a novel integer interval abstract domain that correctly handles wrap-around. The analysis is signedness agnostic. By treating integers as strings of bits, only considering signedness for operations that treat them differently, we produce precise, correct results at a modest cost in execution time. C1 [Navas, Jorge A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gange, Graeme; Schachte, Peter; Sondergaard, Harald; Stuckey, Peter J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Comp & Informat Syst, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Gange, G (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Comp & Informat Syst, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM gkgange@unimelb.edu.au; jorge.a.navaslaserna@nasa.gov; schachte@unimelb.edu.au; harald@unimelb.edu.au; pstuckey@unimelb.edu.au RI Schachte, Peter/H-4848-2016 OI Schachte, Peter/0000-0001-5959-3769 FU Australian Research Council, under ARC [DP110102579] FX This work is supported by the Australian Research Council, under ARC grant DP110102579. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0164-0925 EI 1558-4593 J9 ACM T PROGR LANG SYS JI ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 37 IS 1 AR 1 DI 10.1145/2651360 PG 35 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA CA5AP UT WOS:000348919700001 ER PT J AU Couhert, A Cerri, L Legeais, JF Ablain, M Zelensky, NP Haines, BJ Lemoine, FG Bertiger, WI Desai, SD Otten, M AF Couhert, Alexandre Cerri, Luca Legeais, Jean-Francois Ablain, Michael Zelensky, Nikita P. Haines, Bruce J. Lemoine, Frank G. Bertiger, William I. Desai, Shailen D. Otten, Michiel TI Towards the 1 mm/y stability of the radial orbit error at regional scales SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Precision Orbit Determination (POD); Satellite altimetry; Jason; GRACE; Time Varying Gravity (TVG) ID MEAN SEA-LEVEL; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; GEOCENTER MOTION; REFERENCE FRAME; GRAVITY-FIELD; JASON-1; GPS; TOPEX/POSEIDON; DORIS; TOPEX AB An estimated orbit error budget for the Jason-1 and Jason-2 GDR-D solutions is constructed, using several measures of orbit error. The focus is on the long-term stability of the orbit time series for mean sea level applications on a regional scale. We discuss various issues Telated to the assessment of radial orbit error trends; in particular this study reviews orbit errors dependent on the tracking technique, with an aim to monitoring the long-term stability of all available tracking systems operating on Jason-1 and Jason-2 (GPS, DORIS, SLR). The reference frame accuracy and its effect on Jason orbit is assessed. We also examine the impact of analysis method on the inference of Geographically Correlated Errors as well as the significance of estimated radial orbit error trends versus the time span of the analysis. Thus a long-term error budget of the 10-year Jason-1 and Envisat GDR-D orbit time series is provided for two time scales: interannnal and decadal. As the temporal variations of the geopotential remain one of the primary limitations in the Precision Orbit Determination modeling, the overall accuracy of the Jason-1 and Jason-2 GDR-D solutions is evaluated through comparison with external orbits based on different time-variable gravity models. This contribution is limited to an East West "order-1" pattern at the 2 mm/y level (secular) and 4 mm level (ieasonal), over the Jason-2 lifetime. The possibility of achieving sub-mm/y radial orbit stability over interannual and decadal periods at regional scales and the challenge of evaluating such an improvement using in situ independent data is discussed. (C) 2014 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Couhert, Alexandre; Cerri, Luca] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, Toulouse, France. [Legeais, Jean-Francois; Ablain, Michael] CLS, Rarnonville St Agne, France. [Zelensky, Nikita P.] SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Zelensky, Nikita P.; Lemoine, Frank G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Haines, Bruce J.; Bertiger, William I.; Desai, Shailen D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Otten, Michiel] ESA European Space Operat Ctr, Darmstadt, Germany. RP Couhert, A (reprint author), Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, Toulouse, France. EM alexandre.couhert@cnes.fr; luca.cerri@cnes.fr; jlegeais@cls.fr; mablain@cls.fr; nzelensky@sgt-inc.com; bruce.j.haines@jpInasa.gov; frank.g.lemoine@nasa.gov; william.i.bertiger@jpl.nasa.gov; shailen.d.desai@jpInasa.gov; michiel.otten@esa.int RI Lemoine, Frank/D-1215-2013 NR 60 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 55 IS 1 BP 2 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2014.06.041 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ2TJ UT WOS:000348084900002 ER PT J AU Whelley, PL Newhall, CG Bradley, KE AF Whelley, Patrick L. Newhall, Christopher G. Bradley, Kyle E. TI The frequency of explosive volcanic eruptions in Southeast Asia SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Global Volcano Program; Large magnitude explosive volcanic eruptions; SoutheastAsia; Volcanic explosivity index; Eruption probability; Volcano morphology ID INDONESIA; HAZARDS; COMPLEX; PLAIN AB There are similar to 750 active and potentially active volcanoes in Southeast Asia. Ash from eruptions of volcanic explosivity index 3 (VEI 3) and smaller pose mostly local hazards while eruptions of VEI >= 4 could disrupt trade, travel, and daily life in large parts of the region. We classify Southeast Asian volcanoes into five groups, using their morphology and, where known, their eruptive history and degassing style. Because the eruptive histories of most volcanoes in Southeast Asia are poorly constrained, we assume that volcanoes with similar morphologies have had similar eruption histories. Eruption histories of well-studied examples of each morphologic class serve as proxy histories for understudied volcanoes in the class. From known and proxy eruptive histories, we estimate that decadal probabilities of VEI 4-8 eruptions in Southeast Asia are nearly 1.0, similar to 0.6, similar to 0.15, similar to 0.012, and similar to 0.001, respectively. C1 [Whelley, Patrick L.; Newhall, Christopher G.; Bradley, Kyle E.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Whelley, Patrick L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Newhall, Christopher G.] Mirisbiris Garden & Nat Ctr, Sto Domingo, Albay, Philippines. RP Whelley, PL (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM patrick.l.whelley@nasa.gov OI Whelley, Patrick/0000-0003-3266-9772 FU Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore; National Research Foundation Singapore; Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centers of Excellence initiative; [GEO1586] FX We thank the Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, for use of computer resources. Google Earth Pro data were acquired under an educational license, and TerraSAR-X data were acquired through DLR data archive access grant #GEO1586. The Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore generously funded this project; we are grateful for their support. This research is also supported, in part, by the National Research Foundation Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centers of Excellence initiative. This paper is Earth Observatory of Singapore contribution #72. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 77 IS 1 AR 1 DI 10.1007/s00445-014-0893-8 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AZ6AW UT WOS:000348301500001 ER PT J AU Lim, YK Schubert, SD Reale, O Lee, MI Molod, AM Suarez, MJ AF Lim, Young-Kwon Schubert, Siegfried D. Reale, Oreste Lee, Myong-In Molod, Andrea M. Suarez, Max J. TI Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclones to Parameterized Convection in the NASA GEOS-5 Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; HURRICANE INTENSITY; CUMULUS CONVECTION; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; RESOLUTION; GCM; PRECIPITATION; SURFACE; AGCM AB The sensitivity of tropical cyclones (TCs) to changes in parameterized convection is investigated to improve the simulation of TCs in the North Atlantic. Specifically, the impact of reducing the influence of the Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert (RAS) scheme-based parameterized convection is explored using the Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5) model at 0.258 horizontal grid spacing. The years 2005 and 2006, characterized by very active and inactive hurricane seasons, respectively, are selected for simulation. A reduction in parameterized deep convection results in an increase in TC activity (e.g., TC number and longer life cycle) to more realistic levels compared to the baseline control configuration. The vertical and horizontal structure of the strongest simulated hurricane shows the maximum wind speed greater than 60 ms(-1) and the minimum sea level pressure reaching similar to 940 mb, which are never achieved by the control configuration. The radius of the maximum wind of similar to 50 km, the location of the warm core exceeding 10 degrees C, and the horizontal compactness of the hurricane center are all quite realistic without any negatively affecting the atmospheric mean state. This study reveals that an increase in the threshold of minimum entrainment suppresses parameterized deep convection by entraining more dry air into the typical plume. This leads to cooling and drying at the mid to upper troposphere, along with the positive latent heat flux and moistening in the lower troposphere. The resulting increase in conditional instability provides an environment that is more conducive to TC vortex development and upward moisture flux convergence by dynamically resolved moist convection, thereby increasing TC activity. C1 [Lim, Young-Kwon; Schubert, Siegfried D.; Reale, Oreste; Molod, Andrea M.; Suarez, Max J.] NASA GSFC, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lim, Young-Kwon] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. [Reale, Oreste; Suarez, Max J.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Lee, Myong-In] Ulsan Inst Sci & Technol, Ulsan, South Korea. [Molod, Andrea M.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lim, YK (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Bldg 33,Code 610-1,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM young-kwon.lim@nasa.gov OI Lee, Myong-In/0000-0001-8983-8624 FU NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) Program FX This work is supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) Program. The authors are grateful to anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 BP 551 EP 573 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00104.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ4WB UT WOS:000348220100009 ER PT J AU Ma, B Cao, S Giassi, D Stocker, DP Takahashi, F Bennett, BAV Smooke, MD Long, MB AF Ma, Bin Cao, Su Giassi, Davide Stocker, Dennis P. Takahashi, Fumiaki Bennett, Beth Anne V. Smooke, Mitchell D. Long, Marshall B. TI An experimental and computational study of soot formation in a coflow jet flame under microgravity and normal gravity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Microgravity flame; Soot temperature; Soot volume fraction ID LAMINAR DIFFUSION FLAMES; VORTICITY-VELOCITY FORMULATION; MODIFIED NEWTON METHOD; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEMS; FLOWS AB Upon the completion of the Structure and Liftoff in Combustion Experiment (SLICE) in March 2012, a comprehensive and unique set of microgravity coflow diffusion flame data was obtained. This data covers a range of conditions from weak flames near extinction to strong, highly sooting flames, and enabled the study of gravitational effects on phenomena such as liftoff, blowout and soot formation. The microgravity experiment was carried out in the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) on board the International Space Station (ISS), while the normal gravity experiment was performed at Yale utilizing a copy of the flight hardware. Computational simulations of microgravity and normal gravity flames were also carried out to facilitate understanding of the experimental observations. This paper focuses on the different sooting behaviors of CH4 coflow jet flames in microgravity and normal gravity. The unique set of data serves as an excellent test case for developing more accurate computational models. Experimentally, the flame shape and size, lift-off height, and soot temperature were determined from line-of-sight flame emission images taken with a color digital camera. Soot volume fraction was determined by performing an absolute light calibration using the incandescence from a flame-heated thermocouple. Computationally, the MC-Smooth vorticity-velocity formulation was employed to describe the chemically reacting flow, and the soot evolution was modeled by the sectional aerosol equations. The governing equations and boundary conditions were discretized on an axisymmetric computational domain by finite differences, and the resulting system of fully coupled, highly nonlinear equations was solved by a damped, modified Newton's method. The microgravity sooting flames were found to have lower soot temperatures and higher volume fraction than their normal gravity counterparts. The soot distribution tends to shift from the centerline of the flame to the wings from normal gravity to microgravity. (C) 2014 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ma, Bin; Cao, Su; Giassi, Davide; Bennett, Beth Anne V.; Smooke, Mitchell D.; Long, Marshall B.] Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Stocker, Dennis P.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Takahashi, Fumiaki] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Ma, B (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM bin.ma1@ge.com OI Ma, Bin/0000-0002-2837-1116 FU NASA [NNX11AP43A] FX This research was supported by NASA under contract NNX11AP43A. The authors would like to thank astronaut Don Pettit for conducting SLICE's microgravity tests, SLICE Project Manager Bob Hawersaat, and operations team members Chuck Bunnell, Tibor Lorik, Jay Owens and Carol Reynolds. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2015 VL 35 BP 839 EP 846 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.064 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AZ2EN UT WOS:000348047500086 ER PT J AU Cao, S Ma, B Bennett, BAV Giassi, D Stocker, DP Takahashi, F Long, MB Smooke, MD AF Cao, S. Ma, B. Bennett, B. A. V. Giassi, D. Stocker, D. P. Takahashi, F. Long, M. B. Smooke, M. D. TI A computational and experimental study of coflow laminar methane/air diffusion flames: Effects of fuel dilution, inlet velocity, and gravity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Laminar coflow diffusion flame; Gravity; Fuel dilution; Inlet fuel velocity; Flame shape and structure ID MODIFIED NEWTON METHOD; SOOT FORMATION; BUOYANT; SYSTEMS; SHAPES; MODEL AB The influences of fuel dilution, inlet velocity, and gravity on the shape and structure of laminar coflow CH4-air diffusion flames were investigated computationally and experimentally. A series of nitrogen-diluted flames measured in the Structure and Liftoff in Combustion Experiment (SLICE) on board the International Space Station was assessed numerically under microgravity (mu g) and normal gravity (1 g) conditions with CH4 mole fraction ranging from 0.4 to 1.0 and average inlet velocity ranging from 23 to 90 cm/s. Computationally, the MC-Smooth vorticity-velocity formulation was employed to describe the reactive gaseous mixture, and soot evolution was modeled by sectional aerosol equations. The governing equations and boundary conditions were discretized on a two-dimensional computational domain by finite differences, and the resulting set of fully coupled, strongly nonlinear equations was solved simultaneously at all points using a damped, modified Newton's method. Experimentally, flame shape and soot temperature were determined by flame emission images recorded by a digital color camera. Very good agreement between computation and measurement was obtained, and the conclusions were as follows. (1) Buoyant and nonbuoyant luminous flame lengths are proportional to the mass flow rate of the fuel mixture; computed and measured nonbuoyant flames are noticeably longer than their 1 g counterparts; the effect of fuel dilution on flame shape (i.e., flame length and flame radius) is negligible when the flame shape is normalized by the methane flow rate. (2) Buoyancy-induced reduction of the flame radius through radially inward convection near the flame front is demonstrated. (3) Buoyant and nonbuoyant flame structure is mainly controlled by the fuel mass flow rate, and the effects from fuel dilution and inlet velocity are secondary. (C) 2014 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cao, S.; Ma, B.; Bennett, B. A. V.; Giassi, D.; Long, M. B.; Smooke, M. D.] Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Stocker, D. P.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Takahashi, F.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res Fluids & Combust, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Cao, S (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, POB 208284, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM su.cao@yale.edu FU NASA [NNX11AP43A]; US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-88ER13966]; National Science Foundation [CTS-0328296]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR FA9550-06-1-0164, AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0571] FX This research was supported by NASA, the US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Dr. Wade Sisk, contract monitor), the National Science Foundation (Dr. Phil Westmoreland, contract monitor), and the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Fariba Fahroo and Dr. Misoon Mah, contract monitors), under contracts NNX11AP43A, DE-FG02-88ER13966, CTS-0328296, AFOSR FA9550-06-1-0164, and AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0571, respectively. We are also grateful to Dr. Donald R. Pettit for conducting the SLICE tests on the International Space Station. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2015 VL 35 BP 897 EP 903 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.138 PN 1 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AZ2EN UT WOS:000348047500093 ER PT J AU Borghesi, G Bellan, J AF Borghesi, Giulio Bellan, Josette TI Irreversible entropy production rate in high-pressure turbulent reactive flows SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE High-pressure turbulent reacting flow; Direct Numerical Simulation ID DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; AUTOIGNITION; FLAMES AB A Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) database is created describing high-pressure reactive flows for studying the flow characteristics and the irreversible entropy production rate that must be modeled by Subgrid-Scale (SGS) models in Large Eddy Simulation. The governing equations are the continuity, momentum, total energy and species transport equations complemented by a real-gas equation of state. The molecular transport model is based on complete mass-diffusion and thermal-diffusion matrices having elements computed according to all-pressure mixing rules. The mixture viscosity and thermal conductivity are calculated from the individual species values, valid at high pressures, by using all-pressure mixing rules. The reaction is a one-step process and the values of different coefficients in the reaction rate ensure that it gives physically-correct trends for autoignition. The DNS is performed for a temporal mixing layer. Three realizations are computed and examined to reveal the influence of the initial pressure p(0) and of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). It is found that the main flame is of diffusion type, flanked by premixed flames. As p(0) increases, the most intensive premixed-flame regions draw closer to the diffusion flame. Additionally to the well-known advantage of EGR, we found that it promotes the development of uphill diffusion which is a molecular process inducing the formation of strong species gradients that in turn induce turbulence production, i.e. the formation of dynamic small scales. Analysis of the irreversible entropy production rate revealed that its four modes - due to viscosity, mass diffusivity, thermal conductivity and reaction - operate in different spatial regions of the flow where different phenomena occur. Increasing p(0) and lack of EGR both result in an increase in the magnitude of the irreversible entropy-production rate. For the Reynolds number values achievable in DNS, the reaction mode dominates in magnitude all other modes of the irreversible entropy-production rate. (C) 2014 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Borghesi, Giulio; Bellan, Josette] CALTECH, Mech & Civil Engn Dept, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bellan, Josette] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bellan, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 125-109, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Josette.Bellan@jpl.nasa.gov OI Borghesi, Giulio/0000-0001-5698-4334 FU Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences FX This study was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and sponsored at Caltech by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences under the direction of Drs. W. Sisk and M. Pederson. We acknowledge Dr. N. Okong'o for deriving this form of the irreversible entropy production rate expression when reaction is present. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2015 VL 35 BP 1537 EP 1547 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.016 PN 2 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AZ2FA UT WOS:000348048800048 ER PT J AU Farouk, TI Hicks, MC Dryer, FL AF Farouk, T. I. Hicks, M. C. Dryer, F. L. TI Multistage oscillatory "Cool Flame" behavior for isolated alkane droplet combustion in elevated pressure microgravity condition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Cool Flame; Droplet combustion; Microgravity; Radiation; FLEX ID OXIDATION; IGNITION; SPACE AB Recently, large diameter, isolated n-heptane droplet experiments under microgravity conditions (aboard the International Space Station) exhibited "Cool Flame" burning behavior, resulting from a heat loss mechanism that extinguishes hot combustion and a transition into a sustained, low temperature second stage combustion. In atmospheric pressure air, a single combustion mode transition to "Cool Flame" burning is followed by diffusive extinction. But with increasing pressure, multiple cycles of hot initiation followed by transition to "Cool Flame" burning are observed. This paper reports experimental observations that characterize the transition time histories of this multi-cycle, multi-stage behavior. Transient sphero-symmetric droplet combustion modeling that considers multi-stage detailed kinetics, multi-component diffusion, and spectral radiation is applied to analyze the experimental observations. The simulations indicate that as parameters change the chemical time scales dictating low temperature degenerate chain branching, multiple hot/cool flame burning transitions are induced by increasing the cool flame burning heat generation rate compared to the diffusive loss rate. The balance of these terms in the negative temperature coefficient kinetic regime defines whether reactions accelerate into re-ignition of a hot flame event, burn quasi-steadily in the cool flame mode, or diffusively extinguish. The rate of reactions controlling ketohydroperoxide formation and destruction are shown to be key re-ignition of hot combustion from the cool flame mode. Predictions are found to be in good agreement with the experimental measurements. Modeling is further applied to determine how these observations are dependent on initial experimental conditions, including pressure, and diluent species. (C) 2014 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Farouk, T. I.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Hicks, M. C.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Dryer, F. L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Farouk, TI (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM tfarouk@sc.edu FU USC startup fund; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX09AW 19A] FX The financial support of the USC startup fund (for TIF) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Grant Number NNX09AW 19A (for FLD) is acknowledged. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2015 VL 35 BP 1701 EP 1708 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2014.06.015 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AZ2FA UT WOS:000348048800064 ER PT J AU Liu, YC Xu, Y Avedisian, CT Hicks, MC AF Liu, Y. C. Xu, Y. Avedisian, C. T. Hicks, M. C. TI The effect of support fibers on micro-convection in droplet combustion experiments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE droplet combustion; experiment; low gravity; fiber effect; heat transfer ID FUEL DROPLETS; MICROGRAVITY EXPERIMENTS; ENVIRONMENT; EVAPORATION; DIAMETER; MIXTURE AB This study reports experimental evidence of gas phase micro-convection induced by support fibers used in droplet combustion experimentation. Soot aggregates formed during combustion of n-octane and n-decane droplets (initial diameters ranging from 0.5 mm to 5 mm) provide natural seeds to reveal the thermal and flow asymmetries involved. The experiments are carried out in an environment that reduces the influence of forced and buoyant convection for both free-floating (unsupported) and fiber-supported droplets. Under these conditions, the soot trapping patterns (due to a balance of thermophoretic and flow-induced drag) would be spherical. However, this situation is only observed for unsupported droplets, or for fiber-supported droplets when the fiber is small relative to the droplet diameter. For D-o < 1 mm a ground based drop tower employed two 14 mu m diameter SiC fibers to fix the droplet's position during burning; unsupported droplets were also examined. For D-o > 1 mm the International Space Station provided capabilities for anchoring test droplets onto a single 80 mu m SiC fiber, and for deploying unsupported droplets. Results clearly indicate that a non-symmetric gas flow field exists in some cases (i.e., for 1 mm < D-o < 3 mm, with an 80 mu m fiber) near to where the fiber enters the droplet. This gas motion originates from the presence of the fiber that introduces asymmetries in the temperature and flow fields resulting in localized force imbalances on the soot particles, which cause vortical flow patterns near the fiber. This may in part be explained by flow asymmetries induced by droplet shape distortions coupled with heat exchanges between the fiber and surrounding gas and conduction into the droplet, resulting in a Marangoni flow near the droplet surface. For very small fibers (or for unsupported droplets) spherical soot shells are found suggesting that no thermal and flow asymmetries exist. (C) 2014 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Y. C.; Xu, Y.; Avedisian, C. T.] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hicks, M. C.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Liu, YC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Comp Sci Engn & Phys, Flint Township, Flint, MI 48502 USA. EM yl677@cornell.edu FU NASA [NNX08AI51G] FX This project is supported by NASA under the Grant No. NNX08AI51G. We thank all the NASA/FLEX team members including D.L. Dietrich (NASA Glenn), V. Nayagam (NASA Glenn), F.A. Williams (UCSD), F.L. Dryer (Princeton), B.D. Shaw (UC Davis), M. Y. Choi (U Conn), T. Farouk (U South Carolina), P. Ferkul (NASA Glenn), for the discussion and assistance for the ISS experiments and image analyses. The assistance of Koffi Trenou and Jeff Rah of Cornell University with the ground-based experiments and image analyses is also appreciated. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2015 VL 35 BP 1709 EP 1716 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2014.07.022 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AZ2FA UT WOS:000348048800065 ER PT J AU Olson, SL Gokoglu, SA Urban, DL Ruff, GA Ferkul, PV AF Olson, Sandra L. Gokoglu, Suleyman A. Urban, David L. Ruff, Gary A. Ferkul, Paul V. TI Upward flame spread in large enclosures: Flame growth and pressure rise SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Upward flame spread; Fabric; Pressure rise AB Upward flame spread tests were conducted on thin fuels in a sealed chamber capable of accommodating large-scale samples (1 m length). The primary objective of these tests was to measure flame spread and pressure rise in a large sealed chamber during and after flame spread and to characterize that data as a function of sample material, initial pressure, and sample size. The flame spread rate as a function of initial pressure has been measured for a given fuel and found to vary as similar to P-2 in agreement with Grashof number scaling. The burning rate per unit area for a fixed pressure has been shown to be a constant independent of fuel area density or quantity of fuel burned. A steady upward flame spread was observed only at low pressure. The pressure rise in a sealed chamber has been shown to scale with the quantity of fuel burned, and the peak pressure has been shown to scale inversely with initial pressure, in agreement with the pressure dependence of the characteristic time associated with a simple analytical solution of an energy balance. The pressure rise per mass of fuel burned exhibits an exponential decay with burn-time, also in agreement with the analytical solution. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Olson, Sandra L.; Gokoglu, Suleyman A.; Urban, David L.; Ruff, Gary A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Ferkul, Paul V.] Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-5, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM sandra.olson@nasa.gov FU NASA Advance Exploration Systems; Spacecraft Fire Safety Demonstration Project FX This work is funded by NASA Advance Exploration Systems and was performed in support of the Spacecraft Fire Safety Demonstration Project. The authors thank Project personnel Lauren Clayman and Hank Kacher, as well as the VF-13 support personnel who assisted with this testing, especially Taylor Seablom and Darko Kralj. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2015 VL 35 BP 2623 EP 2630 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.069 PN 3 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AZ2FH UT WOS:000348049500016 ER PT J AU Takahashi, F Katta, VR Linteris, GT Babushok, VI AF Takahashi, Fumiaki Katta, Viswanath R. Linteris, Gregory T. Babushok, Valeri I. TI Combustion inhibition and enhancement of cup-burner flames by CF3Br, C2HF5, C2HF3Cl2, and C3H2F3Br SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Aircraft cargo-bay fire suppression; Halon 1301 replacement; HFC-125; Diffusion flame stabilization; Reaction kernel ID ENRICHED MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENTS; METHANE DIFFUSION FLAMES; FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; COFLOW AIR; EXTINGUISHMENT; SUPPRESSION; MIXTURES; REACTOR AB Numerical simulations of cup-burner flames in normal Earth gravity have been performed to study the combustion inhibition and unwanted enhancement by fire-extinguishing agents CF3Br (Halon 1301) and some potential replacements (C2HF5, C2HF3Cl2, and C3H2F3Br). A propane-ethanol-water mixture, prescribed for a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) aerosol can explosion simulator test, was used as the fuel. The time-dependent, two-dimensional numerical code, which includes a detailed kinetic model (up to 241 species and 3918 reactions), diffusive transport, and a gray-gas radiation model, revealed unique two-zone flame structure and predicted the minimum extinguishing concentration of agent when added to the air stream. Despite striking differences in the flame shape, the agent effects were similar to, but stronger than, those in microgravity flames studied previously (for two of the agents). The peak reactivity spot (i.e., reaction kernel) at the flame base stabilized a trailing flame, which was inclined inwardly by a buoyancy-induced entrainment flow. As the volume fraction of agent in the coflow (X-a) increased gradually: (1) the premixed-like reaction kernel weakened; (2) the flame base detached from the burner rim, oscillated (particularly for CF3Br), until finally, blowoff-type extinguishment occurred; (3) the calculated maximum flame temperature remained nearly constant (approximate to 1800 K) or mildly increased; and (4) the total heat release of the entire flame decreased (inhibited) for CF3Br but increased (enhanced) for the halon replacements. In the trailing flame with C2HF5, a two-zone flame structure (with two heat-release-rate peaks) developed: in the inner zone, H2O (a product of hydrocarbon-O-2 combustion and a fuel component) was converted further to HF and CF2O through exothermic reactions occurring in the outer zone, where exothermic reactions of the inhibitor also released heat; CO2 was formed in-between. Thus, addition of C-2/HF5 resulted in unusual (non-chain branching) reactions and increased total heat release (combustion enhancement) primarily in the trailing diffusion flame. (C) 2014 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Takahashi, Fumiaki] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Linteris, Gregory T.; Babushok, Valeri I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Takahashi, F (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 110-3,21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM fxt13@case.edu FU Boeing Company FX This work was supported by The Boeing Company. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2015 VL 35 BP 2741 EP 2748 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.114 PN 3 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AZ2FH UT WOS:000348049500030 ER PT J AU Czapla-Myers, J McCorkel, J Anderson, N Thome, K Biggar, S Helder, D Aaron, D Leigh, L Mishra, N AF Czapla-Myers, Jeffrey McCorkel, Joel Anderson, Nikolaus Thome, Kurtis Biggar, Stuart Helder, Dennis Aaron, David Leigh, Larry Mishra, Nischal TI The Ground-Based Absolute Radiometric Calibration of Landsat 8 OLI SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Landsat 8; OLI; radiometric calibration; surface reflectance ID SOLAR SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; REFLECTANCE-BASED METHOD; IN-FLIGHT; SOLSPEC SPECTROMETER; SENSORS; MISSION; DESIGN; PERFORMANCE; INSTRUMENT; IMAGER AB This paper presents the vicarious calibration results of Landsat 8 OLI that were obtained using the reflectance-based approach at test sites in Nevada, California, Arizona, and South Dakota, USA. Additional data were obtained using the Radiometric Calibration Test Site, which is a suite of instruments located at Railroad Valley, Nevada, USA. The results for the top-of-atmosphere spectral radiance show an average difference of -2.7, -0.8, 1.5, 2.0, 0.0, 3.6, 5.8, and 0.7% in OLI bands 1-8 as compared to an average of all of the ground-based measurements. The top-of-atmosphere spectral reflectance shows an average difference of 1.6, 1.3, 2.0, 1.9, 0.9, 2.1, 3.1, and 2.1% from the ground-based measurements. Except for OLI band 7, the spectral radiance results are generally within +/- 5% of the design specifications, and the reflectance results are generally within +/- 3% of the design specifications. The results from the data collected during the tandem Landsat 7 and 8 flight in March 2013 indicate that ETM+ and OLI agree to each other to within +/- 2% in similar bands in top-of-atmosphere spectral radiance, and to within +/- 4% in top-of-atmosphere spectral reflectance. C1 [Czapla-Myers, Jeffrey; Anderson, Nikolaus; Biggar, Stuart] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Remote Sensing Grp, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McCorkel, Joel; Thome, Kurtis] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Helder, Dennis; Aaron, David; Leigh, Larry; Mishra, Nischal] S Dakota State Univ, Coll Engn, Off Engn Res, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Czapla-Myers, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Remote Sensing Grp, 1630 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jscm@optics.arizona.edu; joel.mccorkel@nasa.gov; nanderson@optics.arizona.edu; kurtis.thome@nasa.gov; biggar@optics.arizona.edu; dennis.helder@sdstate.edu; david.aaron@sdstate.edu; larry.leigh@sdstate.edu; nischal.mishra@sdstate.edu RI McCorkel, Joel/D-4454-2012; Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; OI McCorkel, Joel/0000-0003-2853-2036; Czapla-Myers, Jeffrey/0000-0003-4804-5358 FU NASA [NNX11AG28G, NNX09AH23A]; USGS [G08AC00031, G14AC00371] FX The authors would like to thank the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Tonopah, Nevada, office for their assistance and permission in using Railroad Valley, and the BLM, Needles, California, office for their assistance in using Ivanpah Playa. The authors would also like to thank the reviewers of this paper for their comments and suggestions. This research was supported by NASA grants NNX11AG28G and NNX09AH23A, and USGS grants G08AC00031 and G14AC00371. NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 7 U2 26 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 7 IS 1 BP 600 EP 626 DI 10.3390/rs70100600 PG 27 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AZ7MB UT WOS:000348401900029 ER PT J AU Reuter, DC Richardson, CM Pellerano, FA Irons, JR Allen, RG Anderson, M Jhabvala, MD Lunsford, AW Montanaro, M Smith, RL Tesfaye, Z Thome, KJ AF Reuter, Dennis C. Richardson, Cathleen M. Pellerano, Fernando A. Irons, James R. Allen, Richard G. Anderson, Martha Jhabvala, Murzy D. Lunsford, Allen W. Montanaro, Matthew Smith, Ramsey L. Tesfaye, Zelalem Thome, Kurtis J. TI The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) on Landsat 8: Design Overview and Pre-Launch Characterization SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Landsat; LDCM; TIRS; thermal sensors; evapotranspiration; QWIP ID RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION AB The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) on Landsat 8 is the latest thermal sensor in that series of missions. Unlike the previous single-channel sensors, TIRS uses two channels to cover the 10-12.5 micron band. It is also a pushbroom imager; a departure from the previous whiskbroom approach. Nevertheless, the instrument requirements are defined such that data continuity is maintained. This paper describes the design of the TIRS instrument, the results of pre-launch calibration measurements and shows an example of initial on-orbit science performance compared to Landsat 7. C1 [Reuter, Dennis C.; Richardson, Cathleen M.; Pellerano, Fernando A.; Irons, James R.; Jhabvala, Murzy D.; Montanaro, Matthew; Smith, Ramsey L.; Thome, Kurtis J.] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Allen, Richard G.] Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Anderson, Martha] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lunsford, Allen W.] NASA GSFC CUA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tesfaye, Zelalem] Millenium Engn & Integrat Co, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Reuter, DC (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM dennis.c.reuter@nasa.gov; cathleen.m.richardson@nasa.gov; fernando.a.pellerano@nasa.gov; james.r.irons@nasa.gov; rallen@kimberly.uidaho.edu; martha.anderson@ars.usda.gov; murzy.d.jhabvala@nasa.gov; allen.w.lunsford@nasa.gov; matthew.montanaro@nasa.gov; Ramsey.L.Smith@nasa.gov; zelalem.tesfaye@nasa.gov; kurtis.thome@nasa.gov RI Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1135 EP 1153 DI 10.3390/rs70101135 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AZ7MB UT WOS:000348401900054 ER PT J AU Boyer, ML McQuinn, KBW Barmby, P Bonanos, AZ Gehrz, RD Gordon, KD Groenewegen, MAT Lagadec, E Lennon, D Marengo, M Meixner, M Skillman, E Sloan, GC Sonneborn, G van Loon, JT Zijlstra, A AF Boyer, Martha L. McQuinn, Kristen B. W. Barmby, Pauline Bonanos, Alceste Z. Gehrz, Robert D. Gordon, Karl D. Groenewegen, M. A. T. Lagadec, Eric Lennon, Daniel Marengo, Massimo Meixner, Margaret Skillman, Evan Sloan, G. C. Sonneborn, George van Loon, Jacco Th. Zijlstra, Albert TI AN INFRARED CENSUS OF DUST IN NEARBY GALAXIES WITH SPITZER (DUSTINGS). I. OVERVIEW SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies: dwarf; galaxies: photometry; galaxies: stellar content; infrared: stars; Local Group; stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: mass-loss; stars: winds, outflows ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; GIANT BRANCH STARS; DWARF IRREGULAR GALAXIES; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; LOCAL GROUP DWARFS; RICH AGB-STARS; MU-M RANGE; LOW-METALLICITY; EVOLVED STARS; MASS-LOSS AB Nearby resolved dwarf galaxies provide excellent opportunities for studying the dust-producing late stages of stellar evolution over a wide range of metallicity (-2.7 less than or similar to [Fe/H] less than or similar to -1.0). Here, we describe DUSTiNGS (DUST in Nearby Galaxies with Spitzer): a 3.6 and 4.5 mu m post-cryogen Spitzer Space Telescope imaging survey of 50 dwarf galaxies within 1.5 Mpc that is designed to identify dust-producing asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and massive stars. The survey includes 37 dwarf spheroidal, 8 dwarf irregular, and 5 transition-type galaxies. This near-complete sample allows for the building of statistics on these rare phases of stellar evolution over the full metallicity range. The photometry is >75% complete at the tip of the red giant branch for all targeted galaxies, with the exception of the crowded inner regions of IC 10, NGC 185, and NGC 147. This photometric depth ensures that the majority of the dust-producing stars, including the thermally pulsing AGB stars, are detected in each galaxy. The images map each galaxy to at least twice the half-light radius to ensure that the entire evolved star population is included and to facilitate the statistical subtraction of background and foreground contamination, which is severe at these wavelengths. In this overview, we describe the survey, the data products, and preliminary results. We show evidence for the presence of dust-producing AGB stars in eight of the targeted galaxies, with metallicities as low as [Fe/H] = -1.9, suggesting that dust production occurs even at low metallicity. C1 [Boyer, Martha L.; Sonneborn, George] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Boyer, Martha L.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [McQuinn, Kristen B. W.; Gehrz, Robert D.; Skillman, Evan] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Barmby, Pauline] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Bonanos, Alceste Z.] Natl Observ Athens, IAASARS, GR-15236 Penteli, Greece. [Gordon, Karl D.; Meixner, Margaret] STScI, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Groenewegen, M. A. T.] Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Lagadec, Eric] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observ Cote Azur, Lab Lagrange,UMR7293, F-06300 Nice, France. [Lennon, Daniel] European Space Astron Ctr, ESA, E-28691 Madrid, Spain. [Marengo, Massimo] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sloan, G. C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [van Loon, Jacco Th.] Keele Univ, Lennard Jones Labs, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Zijlstra, Albert] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Boyer, ML (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM martha.boyer@nasa.gov RI Bonanos, Alceste/K-5392-2013; Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016; OI Bonanos, Alceste/0000-0003-2851-1905; Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090; Lennon, Daniel/0000-0003-3063-4867 FU Spitzer [GO80063]; NASA Astrophysics Data Analysis Program [N3-ADAP13-0058]; NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center through a contract with NASA; NASA; United States Air Force; European Union (European Social Fund); National Resources under the "ARISTEIA" action of the Operational Programme "Education and Lifelong Learning" in Greece; NSF [AST-1108645] FX Many thanks to Brian Babler for very helpful discussions about IRAC photometry. We also thank the referee for helpful comments. This work is supported by Spitzer via grant GO80063 and by the NASA Astrophysics Data Analysis Program grant number N3-ADAP13-0058. M.L.B. is supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by ORAU through a contract with NASA. R.D.G. was supported by NASA and the United States Air Force. A.Z.B. acknowledges funding by the European Union (European Social Fund) and National Resources under the "ARISTEIA" action of the Operational Programme "Education and Lifelong Learning" in Greece. G.C.S. receives support from the NSF, award AST-1108645. NR 90 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 216 IS 1 AR 10 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/216/1/10 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AZ3LR UT WOS:000348129600010 ER PT J AU Jiang, Z Worden, JR Jones, DBA Lin, JT Verstraeten, WW Henze, DK AF Jiang, Z. Worden, J. R. Jones, D. B. A. Lin, J-T Verstraeten, W. W. Henze, D. K. TI Constraints on Asian ozone using Aura TES, OMI and Terra MOPITT SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; HIGH-RESOLUTION; GEOS-CHEM; ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS; TRANSPACIFIC TRANSPORT; SATELLITE INSTRUMENT; REACTIVE NITROGEN; CO CORRELATIONS; NORTH-AMERICA AB Rapid industrialization in Asia in the last two decades has resulted in a significant increase in Asian ozone (O-3/precursor emissions with likely a corresponding increase in the export of O-3 and its precursors. However, the relationship between this increasing O-3, the chemical environment, O-3 production efficiency, and the partitioning between anthropogenic and natural precursors is unclear. In this work, we use satellite measurements of O-3, CO and NO2 from TES (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer), MO-PITT (Measurement of Pollution In The Troposphere) and OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) to quantify O-3 precursor emissions for 2006 and their impact on free tropospheric O-3 over northeastern Asia, where pollution is typically exported globally due to strong westerlies. Using the GEOS-Chem (Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry) global chemical transport model, we test the modeled seasonal and interannual variation of O-3 based on prior and updated O-3 precursor emissions where the updated emissions of CO and NOx are based on satellite measurements of CO and NO2. We show that the observed TES O-3 variability and amount are consistent with the model for these updated emissions. However, there is little difference in the modeled ozone between the updated and prior emissions. For example, for the 2006 June time period, the prior and posterior NOx emissions were 14% different over China but the modeled ozone in the free troposphere was only 2.5% different. Using the ad-joint of GEOS-Chem we partition the relative contributions of natural and anthropogenic sources to free troposphere O-3 in this region. We find that the influence of lightning NOx in the summer is comparable to the contribution from surface emissions but smaller for other seasons. China is the primary contributor of anthropogenic CO, emissions and their export during the summer. While the posterior CO emissions improved the comparison between model and TES by 32%, on average, this change also had only a small effect on the free tropospheric ozone. Our results show that the influence of India and southeastern Asia emissions on O-3 pollution export to the northwestern Pacific is sizeable, comparable with Chinese emissions in winter, about 50% of Chinese emissions in spring and fall, and approximately 20% of the emissions in the summer. C1 [Jiang, Z.; Worden, J. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Lin, J-T] Peking Univ, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Verstraeten, W. W.] Wageningen Univ, Meteorol & Air Qual Dept, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Verstraeten, W. W.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, Climate Observat Dept, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Henze, D. K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jiang, Z (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM zhe.jiang@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lin, Jintai/A-8872-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Lin, Jintai/0000-0002-2362-2940; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA ROSES Aura Science Team [NNH10ZDA001N-AURA]; NASA ACMAP [NNX13AK86G]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, NWO Vidi grant [864.09.001] FX Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This Research was supported by the NASA ROSES Aura Science Team NNH10ZDA001N-AURA. Daven K. Henze was funded by NASA ACMAP NNX13AK86G. Willem W. Verstraeten was funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, NWO Vidi grant 864.09.001. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 99 EP 112 DI 10.5194/acp-15-99-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ0TQ UT WOS:000347958200007 ER PT J AU Alexe, M Bergamaschi, P Segers, A Detmers, R Butz, A Hasekamp, O Guerlet, S Parker, R Boesch, H Frankenberg, C Scheepmaker, RA Dlugokencky, E Sweeney, C Wofsy, SC Kort, EA AF Alexe, M. Bergamaschi, P. Segers, A. Detmers, R. Butz, A. Hasekamp, O. Guerlet, S. Parker, R. Boesch, H. Frankenberg, C. Scheepmaker, R. A. Dlugokencky, E. Sweeney, C. Wofsy, S. C. Kort, E. A. TI Inverse modelling of CH4 emissions for 2010-2011 using different satellite retrieval products from GOSAT and SCIAMACHY SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; SURFACE MEASUREMENTS; DATA ASSIMILATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRANSPORT; CHEMISTRY; SYSTEM; GASES; NORTH; SCALE AB At the beginning of 2009 new space-borne observations of dry-air column-averaged mole fractions of atmospheric methane (XCH4) became available from the Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observations-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) instrument on board the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). Until April 2012 concurrent methane (CH4) retrievals were provided by the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY (SCIAMACHY) instrument on board the ENVironmental SATellite (ENVISAT). The GOSAT and SCIAMACHY XCH4 retrievals can be compared during the period of overlap. We estimate monthly average CH4 emissions between January 2010 and December 2011, using the TM5-4DVAR inverse modelling system. In addition to satellite data, high-accuracy measurements from the Cooperative Air Sampling Network of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA ESRL) are used, providing strong constraints on the remote surface atmosphere. We discuss five inversion scenarios that make use of different GOSAT and SCIAMACHY XCH4 retrieval products, including two sets of GOSAT proxy retrievals processed independently by the Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), and the University of Leicester (UL), and the RemoTeC "Full-Physics" (FP) XCH4 retrievals available from SRON/KIT. The GOSAT-based inversions show significant reductions in the root mean square (rms) difference between retrieved and modelled XCH4, and require much smaller bias corrections compared to the inversion using SCIAMACHY retrievals, reflecting the higher precision and relative accuracy of the GOSAT XCH4. Despite the large differences between the GOSAT and SCIAMACHY retrievals, 2-year average emission maps show overall good agreement among all satellite-based inversions, with consistent flux adjustment patterns, particularly across equatorial Africa and North America. Over North America, the satellite inversions result in a significant redistribution of CH4 emissions from North-East to South-Central United States. This result is consistent with recent independent studies suggesting a systematic underestimation of CH4 emissions from North American fossil fuel sources in bottom-up inventories, likely related to natural gas production facilities. Furthermore, all four satellite inversions yield lower CH4 fluxes across the Congo basin compared to the NOAA-only scenario, but higher emissions across tropical East Africa. The GOSAT and SCIAMACHY inversions show similar performance when validated against independent shipboard and aircraft observations, and XCH4 retrievals available from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). C1 [Alexe, M.; Bergamaschi, P.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Air & Climate Unit, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Segers, A.] Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res TNO, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Detmers, R.; Hasekamp, O.; Guerlet, S.; Scheepmaker, R. A.] Netherlands Inst Space Res SRON, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Parker, R.; Boesch, H.] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Earth Observat Sci Grp, Leicester, Leics, England. [Frankenberg, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Dlugokencky, E.; Sweeney, C.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Butz, A.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Kort, E. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Alexe, M (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Air & Climate Unit, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. EM mihai.alexe@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Butz, Andre/A-7024-2013; Boesch, Hartmut/G-6021-2012; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Butz, Andre/0000-0003-0593-1608; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU NASA's Carbon Cycle Program [NNX11AG01G]; Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program; DOE/ARM Program; EU; Senate of Bremen; National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan; European Commission [218793, 283576]; NERC National Centre for Earth Observation; ESA Climate Change Initiative; Emmy-Noether programme of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [BU2599/1-1] FX The authors thank the TCCON principle investigators for making their measurement data available. The TCCON XCH4 data (GGG2012) were obtained from the TCCON Data Archive, operated by the California Institute of Technology, and hosted at the website http://tccon.ipac.caltech.edu/. US funding for TCCON comes from NASA's Carbon Cycle Program, grant number NNX11AG01G, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program, and the DOE/ARM Program. The European TCCON groups involved in this study acknowledge financial support by the EU infrastructure project InGOS. The University of Bremen acknowledges financial support of the Bialystok and Orleans TCCON sites from the Senate of Bremen and EU projects IMECC, GEOmon and InGOS, as well as maintenance and logistical work provided by AeroMeteo Service (Bialystok) and the RAMCES team at LSCE (Gif-sur-Yvette, France), and additional operational funding from the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan. The authors acknowledge Nicholas Deutscher for his kind assistance with the TCCON data processing. CarbonTracker CT2013 results were provided by NOAA ESRL, Boulder, Colorado, USA from the website at http://carbontracker.noaa.gov. This work has been supported by the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) projects MACC under grant agreement 218793 and MACC-II under grant agreement 283576. The ECMWF meteorological data has been preprocessed by Philippe Le Sager into the TM5 input format. We thank Greet Janssens-Maenhout for providing the EDGARv4.2 emission inventory, and Christoph Bruhl for providing the stratospheric CH4 sinks from the ECHAM5/MESSy1 model. ECMWF has kindly provided the necessary computing resources, under the special project "Global and Regional Inverse Modelling of Atmospheric CH4 and N2O" (2012-2014). H. Boesch and R. Parker acknowledge funding by the NERC National Centre for Earth Observation and the ESA Climate Change Initiative. Andre Butz acknowledges support by the Emmy-Noether programme of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through grant number BU2599/1-1 (RemoteC). Finally, we thank Peter Rayner and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on the manuscript. NR 66 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 55 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 113 EP 133 DI 10.5194/acp-15-113-2015 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ0TQ UT WOS:000347958200008 ER PT J AU Wong, KW Fu, D Pongetti, TJ Newman, S Kort, EA Duren, R Hsu, YK Miller, CE Yung, YL Sander, SP AF Wong, K. W. Fu, D. Pongetti, T. J. Newman, S. Kort, E. A. Duren, R. Hsu, Y-K Miller, C. E. Yung, Y. L. Sander, S. P. TI Mapping CH4 : CO2 ratios in Los Angeles with CLARS-FTS from Mount Wilson, California SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; METHANE; ATMOSPHERE; SCATTERING; BASIN AB The Los Angeles megacity, which is home to more than 40% of the population in California, is the second largest megacity in the United States and an intense source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs). Quantifying GHG emissions from the megacity and monitoring their spatiotemporal trends are essential to be able to understand the effectiveness of emission control policies. Here we measure carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) across the Los Angeles megacity using a novel approach -ground-based remote sensing from a mountaintop site. A Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) with agile pointing optics, located on Mount Wilson at 1.67 km above sea level, measures reflected nearinfrared sunlight from 29 different surface targets on Mount Wilson and in the Los Angeles megacity to retrieve the slant column abundances of CO2, CH4 and other trace gases above and below Mount Wilson. This technique provides persistent space-and time-resolved observations of path-averaged dry-air GHG concentrations, XGHG, in the Los Angeles megacity and simulates observations from a geostationary satellite. In this study, we combined high-sensitivity measurements from the FTS and the panorama from Mount Wilson to characterize anthropogenic CH4 emissions in the megacity using tracer-tracer correlations. During the period between September 2011 and October 2013, the observed XCH4 : XCO2 excess ratio, assigned to anthropogenic activities, varied from 5.4 to 7.3 ppb CH4 (ppm CO2)(-1), with an average of 6.4 +/-0.5 ppb CH4 (ppm CO2)(-1) compared to the value of 4.6 +/- 0.9 ppb CH4 (ppm CO2)(-1) expected from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) bottom-up emis-sion inventory. Persistent elevated XCH4 : XCO2 excess ratios were observed in Pasadena and in the eastern Los Angeles megacity. Using the FTS observations on Mount Wilson and the bottom-up CO2 emission inventory, we derived a topdown CH4 emission of 0.39 +/- 0.06 TgCH(4) year(-1) in the Los Angeles megacity. This is 18-61% larger than the state government's bottom-up CH4 emission inventory and consistent with previous studies. C1 [Wong, K. W.; Fu, D.; Pongetti, T. J.; Duren, R.; Miller, C. E.; Sander, S. P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Newman, S.; Yung, Y. L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hsu, Y-K] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. [Kort, E. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Wong, KW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM clare.wong@jpl.nasa.gov RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541 FU NASA Postdoctoral Program; California Air Resources Board; NOAA Climate Program; NIST GHG and Climate Science Program; JPL Earth Science and Technology Directorate; NASA [NNX13AK34G]; KISS program of Caltech FX The authors thank our colleagues at JPL, Q. Zhang (California Institute of Technology), D. Wunch (California Institute of Technology), P. Wennberg (California Institute of Technology), C. Roehl (California Institute of Technology), J. Stutz (University of California, Los Angeles) and G. Keppel-Aleks (University of Michigan) for helpful comments. Support from the NASA Postdoctoral Program, California Air Resources Board, NOAA Climate Program, NIST GHG and Climate Science Program and JPL Earth Science and Technology Directorate is gratefully acknowledged. Y. L. Yung was supported in part by NASA grant NNX13AK34G to the California Institute of Technology and the KISS program of Caltech. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.5194/acp-15-241-2015 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ0TQ UT WOS:000347958200014 ER PT J AU Langowski, MP von Savigny, C Burrows, JP Feng, W Plane, JMC Marsh, DR Janches, D Sinnhuber, M Aikin, AC Liebing, P AF Langowski, M. P. von Savigny, C. Burrows, J. P. Feng, W. Plane, J. M. C. Marsh, D. R. Janches, D. Sinnhuber, M. Aikin, A. C. Liebing, P. TI Global investigation of the Mg atom and ion layers using SCIAMACHY/Envisat observations between 70 and 150km altitude and WACCM-Mg model results SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; MAGNESIUM CHEMISTRY; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; LOWER IONOSPHERE; DUST PARTICLES; METEOR-SHOWERS; METALLIC-IONS; COSMIC DUST; II DAYGLOW; SPECTROMETER AB Mg and Mg+ concentration fields in the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere (UMLT) region are retrieved from SCIAMACHY/Envisat limb measurements of Mg and Mg+ dayglow emissions using a 2-D tomographic retrieval approach. The time series of monthly mean Mg and Mg+ number density and vertical column density in different latitudinal regions are presented. Data from the limb mesosphere-thermosphere mode of SCIAMACHY/Envisat are used, which cover the 50 to 150 km altitude region with a vertical sampling of approximate to 3.3 km and latitudes up to 82 degrees. The high latitudes are not observed in the winter months, because there is no dayglow emission during polar night. The measurements were performed every 14 days from mid-2008 until April 2012. Mg profiles show a peak at around 90 km altitude with a density between 750 cm(-3) and 1500 cm(-3). Mg does not show strong seasonal variation at latitudes below 40 degrees. For higher latitudes the density is lower and only in the Northern Hemisphere a seasonal cycle with a summer minimum is observed. The Mg+ peak occurs 5-15 km above the neutral Mg peak altitude. These ions have a significant seasonal cycle with a summer maximum in both hemispheres at mid and high latitudes. The strongest seasonal variations of Mg+ are observed at latitudes between 20 and 40 degrees and the density at the peak altitude ranges from 500 cm(-3) to 4000 cm(-3). The peak altitude of the ions shows a latitudinal dependence with a maximum at mid latitudes that is up to 10 km higher than the peak altitude at the equator. The SCIAMACHY measurements are compared to other measurements and WACCM model results. The WACCM results show a significant seasonal variability for Mg with a summer minimum, which is more clearly pronounced than for SCIAMACHY, and globally a higher peak density than the SCIAMACHY results. Although the peak density of both is not in agreement, the vertical column density agrees well, because SCIAMACHY and WACCM profiles have different widths. The agreement between SCIAMACHY and WACCM results is much better for Mg+ with both showing the same seasonality and similar peak density. However, there are also minor differences, e.g. WACCM showing a nearly constant altitude of the Mg+ layer's peak density for all latitudes and seasons. C1 [Langowski, M. P.; Burrows, J. P.; Liebing, P.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys IUP, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Langowski, M. P.; von Savigny, C.] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Phys, Greifswald, Germany. [Feng, W.; Plane, J. M. C.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Feng, W.] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Marsh, D. R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Janches, D.] NASA, Space Weather Lab, GSFC, Fairfax, VA USA. [Sinnhuber, M.] KIT, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch Atmosphar Spurengase, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Aikin, A. C.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Langowski, MP (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys IUP, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM langowskim@uni-greifswald.de RI Plane, John/C-7444-2015; FENG, WUHU/B-8327-2008; Janches, Diego/D-4674-2012; Marsh, Daniel/A-8406-2008; von Savigny, Christian/B-3910-2014; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014 OI Plane, John/0000-0003-3648-6893; FENG, WUHU/0000-0002-9907-9120; Janches, Diego/0000-0001-8615-5166; Marsh, Daniel/0000-0001-6699-494X; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580 FU AFOSR; EOARD [FA8655-09-3012]; University of Bremen; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald; ESA MesosphEO project; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/G019487/1]; European Research Council [291332-CODITA]; National Science Foundation FX We wish to thank AFOSR and EOARD for the financial support of the project (grant#FA8655-09-3012). SCIAMACHY is jointly funded by Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. This work was in part supported by the University of Bremen and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald and by the ESA MesosphEO project. SCIAMACHY data were kindly provided by the European Space Agency (ESA). The WACCM-Mg modelling work was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC grant NE/G019487/1) and the European Research Council (project number 291332-CODITA). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. NR 91 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 273 EP 295 DI 10.5194/acp-15-273-2015 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ0TQ UT WOS:000347958200016 ER PT J AU Seo, S Kim, J Lee, H Jeong, U Kim, W Holben, BN Kim, SW Song, CH Lim, JH AF Seo, S. Kim, J. Lee, H. Jeong, U. Kim, W. Holben, B. N. Kim, S-W Song, C. H. Lim, J. H. TI Estimation of PM10 concentrations over Seoul using multiple empirical models with AERONET and MODIS data collected during the DRAGON-Asia campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-THICKNESS; GROUND-LEVEL PM2.5; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; EAST-ASIA; DEPTH; LIDAR; NETWORK AB The performance of various empirical linear models to estimate the concentrations of surface-level particulate matter with a diameter less than 10 mu m (PM10) was evaluated using Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun photometer and Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data collected in Seoul during the Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Network (DRAGON)-Asia campaign from March to May 2012. An observed relationship between the PM10 concentration and the aerosol optical depth (AOD) was accounted for by several parameters in the empirical models, including boundary layer height (BLH), relative humidity (RH), and effective radius of the aerosol size distribution (R-eff), which was used here for the first time in empirical modeling. Among various empirical models, the model which incorporates both BLH and R-eff showed the highest correlation, which indicates the strong influence of BLH and R-eff on the PM10 estimations. Meanwhile, the effect of RH on the relationship between AOD and PM10 appeared to be negligible during the campaign period (spring), when RH is generally low in northeast Asia. A large spatial dependency of the empirical model performance was found by categorizing the locations of the collected data into three different site types, which varied in terms of the distances between instruments and source locations. When both AERONET and MODIS data sets were used in the PM10 estimation, the highest correlations between measured and estimated values (R = 0.76 and 0.76 using AERONET and MODIS data, respectively) were found for the residential area (RA) site type, while the poorest correlations (R = 0.61 and 0.68 using AERONET and MODIS data, respectively) were found for the near-source (NS) site type. Significant seasonal variations of empirical model performances for PM10 estimation were found using the data collected at Yonsei University (one of the DRAGON campaign sites) over a period of 17 months including the DRAGON campaign period. The best correlation between measured and estimated PM10 concentrations (R = 0.81) was found in winter, due to the presence of a stagnant air mass and low BLH conditions, which may have resulted in relatively homogeneous aerosol properties within the BLH. On the other hand, the poorest correlation between measured and estimated PM10 concentrations (R = 0.54) was found in spring, due to the influence of the long-range transport of dust to both within and above the BLH. [GRAPHICS] . C1 [Seo, S.; Kim, J.; Lee, H.; Jeong, U.; Kim, W.] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Inst Earth Astron & Atmosphere, Brain Korea Plus Program 21, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Lee, H.] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Spatial Informat Engn, Pusan, South Korea. [Holben, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kim, S-W] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sc, Seoul, South Korea. [Song, C. H.] GIST, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Kwangju, South Korea. [Lim, J. H.] Natl Inst Environm Res, Global Environm Res Div, Inchon, South Korea. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Inst Earth Astron & Atmosphere, Brain Korea Plus Program 21, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM jkim2@yonsei.ac.kr FU GEMS program of the Ministry of Environment, Korea; Eco Innovation Program of KEITI [2012000160002]; Brain Korea 21 Plus Program FX This research was supported by the GEMS program of the Ministry of Environment, Korea, and the Eco Innovation Program of KEITI (2012000160002). The authors deeply appreciate NIER and the staff for the DRAGON-Asia campaign in establishing and maintaining the AERONET sites. We would also like to thank NIER for the PM10 data used, NASA for the AERONET and MODIS data, and NIES Lidar team for the lidar data. This research was partially supported by the Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for S. Seo, J. Kim, H. Lee, U. Jeong, and W. Kim. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 319 EP 334 DI 10.5194/acp-15-319-2015 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ0TQ UT WOS:000347958200019 ER PT J AU Sessions, WR Reid, JS Benedetti, A Colarco, PR da Silva, A Lu, S Sekiyama, T Tanaka, TY Baldasano, JM Basart, S Brooks, ME Eck, TF Iredell, M Hansen, JA Jorba, OC Juang, HMH Lynch, P Morcrette, JJ Moorthi, S Mulcahy, J Pradhan, Y Razinger, M Sampson, CB Wang, J Westphal, DL AF Sessions, W. R. Reid, J. S. Benedetti, A. Colarco, P. R. da Silva, A. Lu, S. Sekiyama, T. Tanaka, T. Y. Baldasano, J. M. Basart, S. Brooks, M. E. Eck, T. F. Iredell, M. Hansen, J. A. Jorba, O. C. Juang, H-M H. Lynch, P. Morcrette, J-J Moorthi, S. Mulcahy, J. Pradhan, Y. Razinger, M. Sampson, C. B. Wang, J. Westphal, D. L. TI Development towards a global operational aerosol consensus: basic climatological characteristics of the International Cooperative for Aerosol Prediction Multi-Model Ensemble (ICAP-MME) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SALT AEROSOL; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; TROPICAL CYCLONE WINDS; ATMOSPHERIC DUST CYCLE; INDO-GANGETIC PLAINS; FOREST-FIRE SMOKE; SAHARAN AIR LAYER; OPTICAL DEPTH; DATA ASSIMILATION; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL AB Here we present the first steps in developing a global multi-model aerosol forecasting ensemble intended for eventual operational and basic research use. Drawing from members of the International Cooperative for Aerosol Prediction (ICAP) latest generation of quasi-operational aerosol models, 5-day aerosol optical thickness (AOT) forecasts are analyzed for December 2011 through November 2012 from four institutions: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), and Naval Research Lab/Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (NRL/FNMOC). For dust, we also include the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-National Geospatial Advisory Committee (NOAA NGAC) product in our analysis. The Barcelona Supercomputing Centre and UK Met Office dust products have also recently become members of ICAP, but have insufficient data to be included in this analysis period. A simple consensus ensemble of member and mean AOT fields for modal species (e.g., fine and coarse mode, and a separate dust ensemble) is used to create the ICAP Multi-Model Ensemble (ICAP-MME). The ICAP-MME is run daily at 00:00 UTC for 6-hourly forecasts out to 120 h. Basing metrics on comparisons to 21 regionally representative Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites, all models generally captured the basic aerosol features of the globe. However, there is an overall AOT low bias among models, particularly for high AOT events. Biomass burning regions have the most diversity in seasonal average AOT. The Southern Ocean, though low in AOT, nevertheless also has high diversity. With regard to root mean square error (RMSE), as expected the ICAP-MME placed first over all models worldwide, and was typically first or second in ranking against all models at individual sites. These results are encouraging; furthermore, as more global operational aerosol models come online, we expect their inclusion in a robust operational multi-model ensemble will provide valuable aerosol forecasting guidance. C1 [Sessions, W. R.; Lynch, P.] CSC Inc, Monterey, CA USA. [Reid, J. S.; Hansen, J. A.; Sampson, C. B.; Westphal, D. L.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Benedetti, A.; Morcrette, J-J; Razinger, M.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts Readi, Reading, Berks, England. [Colarco, P. R.; da Silva, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lu, S.; Iredell, M.; Juang, H-M H.; Moorthi, S.; Wang, J.] NOAA NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. [Sekiyama, T.; Tanaka, T. Y.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Atmospher Environm & Appl Meteorol Res Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Baldasano, J. M.; Basart, S.; Jorba, O. C.] Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Ctr Nacl Supercomp, Earth Sci Dept, Barcelona, Spain. [Brooks, M. E.; Mulcahy, J.; Pradhan, Y.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Eck, T. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, J.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Reid, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jeffrey.reid@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Brooks, Malcolm/E-7466-2011; Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012 OI Basart, Sara/0000-0002-9821-8504; Pradhan, Yaswant/0000-0002-3680-4751; Jorba, Oriol/0000-0001-5872-0244; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Brooks, Malcolm/0000-0002-4773-8630; Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662 FU Office of Naval Research [code 322]; MACC-II project - European Commission under the EU [283576]; Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) of Japan [B-1202]; Spanish Government [CGL2010/19652, CSD2007-0050]; Severo Ochoa Program [SEV-2011-00067] FX The authors are greatly indebted to their individual programs for supporting ICAP and the development of the multi-model ensemble. We recognize and appreciate the countless researchers and computer engineers whose work supports the development and distribution of aerosol forecasts. As data assimilation is key to model performance, we are grateful to NASA LANCE-MODIS for providing MODIS near-real-time data used in nearly all of the models here. We also acknowledge the effort of the AERONET team (project leader Brent Holben) and the various site principal investigators and site managers of the numerous AERONET sites utilized in this study. Funding for the development of the construction of ICAP-MME was provided by the Office of Naval Research, code 322. Angela Benedetti, Jean-Jacques Morcrette and Miha Razinger were supported through the MACC-II project, which is funded by the European Commission under the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme, contract number 283576. MASINGAR is developed in the Meteorological Research Institute of Japan Meteorological Agency, and a part of the development was funded by the Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund (B-1202) of the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) of Japan. NAAPS development is supported by the Office of Naval Research code 322, and PMW-120. NGAC development has been supported by Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation, NASA Applied Science Program, and NOAA National Weather Service. NMMB/BSC-CTM development is supported by the Spanish Government under grants CGL2010/19652, CSD2007-0050 and the grant SEV-2011-00067 of Severo Ochoa Program. NR 147 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 335 EP 362 DI 10.5194/acp-15-335-2015 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ0TQ UT WOS:000347958200020 ER PT J AU Tomasi, C Kokhanovsky, AA Lupi, A Ritter, C Smirnov, A O'Neill, NT Stone, RS Holben, BN Nyeki, S Wehrli, C Stohl, A Mazzola, M Lanconelli, C Vitale, V Stebel, K Aaltonen, V de Leeuw, G Rodriguez, E Herber, AB Radionov, VF Zielinski, T Petelski, T Sakerin, SM Kabanov, DM Xue, Y Mei, LL Istomina, L Wagener, R McArthur, B Sobolewski, PS Kivi, R Courcoux, Y Larouche, P Broccardo, S Piketh, SJ AF Tomasi, Claudio Kokhanovsky, Alexander A. Lupi, Angelo Ritter, Christoph Smirnov, Alexander O'Neill, Norman T. Stone, Robert S. Holben, Brent N. Nyeki, Stephan Wehrli, Christoph Stohl, Andreas Mazzola, Mauro Lanconelli, Christian Vitale, Vito Stebel, Kerstin Aaltonen, Veijo de Leeuw, Gerrit Rodriguez, Edith Herber, Andreas B. Radionov, Vladimir F. Zielinski, Tymon Petelski, Tomasz Sakerin, Sergey M. Kabanov, Dmitry M. Xue, Yong Mei, Linlu Istomina, Larysa Wagener, Richard McArthur, Bruce Sobolewski, Piotr S. Kivi, Rigel Courcoux, Yann Larouche, Pierre Broccardo, Stephen Piketh, Stuart J. TI Aerosol remote sensing in polar regions SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Sun-photometer measurements; Aerosol optical thickness; Polar aerosol optical characteristics; Lidar backscattering coefficient profiles; Satellite aerosol remote sensing; Multimodal aerosol extinction models ID OPTICAL DEPTH RETRIEVAL; RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ARCTIC HAZE; AVHRR DATA; ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHERE; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; LAND SURFACES; SOUTH-POLE AB Multi-year sets of ground-based sun-photometer measurements conducted at 12 Arctic sites and 9 Antarctic sites were examined to determine daily mean values of aerosol optical thickness tau(lambda) at visible and near-infrared wavelengths, from which best-fit values of Angstrom's exponent alpha were calculated. Analysing these data, the monthly mean values of tau(0.50 mu m) and alpha and the relative frequency histograms of the daily mean values of both parameters were determined for winter spring and summer autumn in the Arctic and for austral summer in Antarctica. The Arctic and Antarctic covariance plots of the seasonal median values of alpha versus tau(0.50 mu m) showed: (i) a considerable increase in tau(0.50 mu m) for the Arctic aerosol from summer to winter spring, without marked changes in alpha; and (ii) a marked increase in tau(0.50 mu m) passing from the Antarctic Plateau to coastal sites, whereas alpha decreased considerably due to the larger fraction of sea-salt aerosol. Good agreement was found when comparing ground-based sun-photometer measurements of tau(lambda) and alpha at Arctic and Antarctic coastal sites with Microtops measurements conducted during numerous AERONET/MAN cruises from 2006 to 2013 in three Arctic Ocean sectors and in coastal and off-shore regions of the Southern Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, and the Antarctic Peninsula. Lidar measurements were also examined to characterise vertical profiles of the aerosol backscattering coefficient measured throughout the year at Ny-Alesund. Satellite-based MODIS, MISR, and AATSR retrievals of tau(lambda) over large parts of the oceanic polar regions during spring and summer were in close agreement with ship-borne and coastal ground-based sun-photometer measurements. An overview of the chemical composition of mode particles is also presented, based on in-situ measurements at Arctic and Antarctic sites. Fourteen log-normal aerosol number size-distributions were defined to represent the average features of nuclei, accumulation and coarse mode particles for Arctic haze, summer background aerosol, Asian dust and boreal forest fire smoke, and for various background austral summer aerosol types at coastal and high-altitude Antarctic sites. The main columnar aerosol optical characteristics were determined for all 14 particle modes, based on in-situ measurements of the scattering and absorption coefficients. Diurnally averaged direct aerosol-induced radiative forcing and efficiency were calculated for a set of multimodal aerosol extinction models, using various Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function models over vegetation-covered, oceanic and snow-covered surfaces. These gave a reliable measure of the pronounced effects of aerosols on the radiation balance of the surface-atmosphere system over polar regions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tomasi, Claudio; Lupi, Angelo; Mazzola, Mauro; Lanconelli, Christian; Vitale, Vito] Italian Natl Res Council CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate ISAC, Climate Change Div, Bologna, Italy. [Kokhanovsky, Alexander A.; Istomina, Larysa] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys IUP, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Kokhanovsky, Alexander A.] EUMETSAT, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. [Ritter, Christoph] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Climate Syst Div, Potsdam, Germany. [Smirnov, Alexander] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA. [Smirnov, Alexander] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [O'Neill, Norman T.] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Appl Geomat, Canadian Network Detect Atmospher Change CANDAC, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [O'Neill, Norman T.] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Appl Geomat, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Stone, Robert S.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Stone, Robert S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nyeki, Stephan; Wehrli, Christoph] Phys Meteorol Observ PMOD, World Radiat Ctr, Davos, Switzerland. [Stohl, Andreas; Stebel, Kerstin] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway. [Aaltonen, Veijo; Rodriguez, Edith] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate & Global Change Div, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [de Leeuw, Gerrit] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Herber, Andreas B.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Climate Syst Div, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Radionov, Vladimir F.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199226, Russia. [Zielinski, Tymon; Petelski, Tomasz] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Sopot, Poland. [Sakerin, Sergey M.; Kabanov, Dmitry M.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VE Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt IAO, Tomsk, Russia. [Xue, Yong] London Metropolitan Univ, Fac Life Sci & Comp, London, England. [Xue, Yong; Mei, Linlu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Wagener, Richard] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [McArthur, Bruce] Environm Canada, N York, ON, Canada. [Sobolewski, Piotr S.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Geophys, Warsaw 42, Poland. [Kivi, Rigel] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Arctic Res Ctr, Sodankyla, Finland. [Courcoux, Yann] Univ Reunion, CNRS, Inst Atmosphere Reunion OPAR, St Denis, Reunion. [Larouche, Pierre] Inst Maurice Lamontagne, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Broccardo, Stephen] Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Piketh, Stuart J.] North West Univ, Climatol Res Grp, Unit Environm Sci & Management, Potchefstroom, South Africa. RP Tomasi, C (reprint author), Italian Natl Res Council CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate ISAC, Climate Change Div, Bologna, Italy. EM c.tomasi@isac.cnr.it RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Kokhanovsky, Alexander/C-6234-2016; Mazzola, Mauro/K-9376-2016; OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Kokhanovsky, Alexander/0000-0001-7370-1164; Mazzola, Mauro/0000-0002-8394-2292; Lanconelli, Christian/0000-0002-9545-1255 FU Italian Research Programme in Antarctica (PNRA); AERONET network in the Arctic and Antarctica; AEROCAN/AERONET sub-network in the Canadian Arctic FX The present study was developed as a part of the CLIMSLIP (Climate Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants in the Polar Regions) joint project, approved by the European Polar Consortium and coordinated by A. Stohl at NILU (Kjeller, Norway), and supported by the Italian Research Programme in Antarctica (PNRA). The authors gratefully acknowledge the Office of Antarctic Observation of the Japan Meteorological Agency (Tokyo, Japan), for supplying the data-set of EKO sun-photometer measurements carried out at Syowa (Antarctica) from 2000 to 2011. In general we acknowledge the support provided by the AERONET network in the Arctic and Antarctica and the AEROCAN/AERONET sub-network in the Canadian Arctic. The Cimel sun-photometer data at Barrow (Alaska) were collected by the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Climate Research Facility (ARM) and processed by AERONET. James H. Butler (Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory (ERL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, Colorado, USA) is acknowledged for his effort in establishing and maintaining the activities at the AERONET South Pole Amundsen-Scott base. The colleagues D. G. Chernov, Yu. S. Turchinovich and Victor V. Polkin, (V. E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics (IAO), Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia) are also acknowledged for their participation to field measurements conducted at Barentsburg and in Antarctica. Author's acknowledgements are also due to the managerial and operational support given by M. Fily (LGGE, CNRS, Grenoble, France) at the AERONET Antarctic Dome Concordia station, and to the P.I.s of the AERONET/MAN cruises conducted in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans, during which Microtops measurements of aerosol optical thickness were performed and examined in the present analysis: Patricia K. Quinn (NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington, USA), Andrey Proshutinsky (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA), Carlos Duarte (Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados, Esporles, Mallorca, Spain), Simon Belanger (Universite du Quebec, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada), Elizabeth A. Reid (Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California, USA), Gennadi Milinevsky (Space Physics Laboratory, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine), and Heitor Evangelista (Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil). The analyses and visualisations used in this paper to obtain the sets of MODIS and MISR daily aerosol optical thickness Level-3 data over the Arctic and Antarctic regions were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC. NR 200 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 9 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 140 BP 108 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.11.001 PG 50 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AY9IJ UT WOS:000347863500006 ER PT J AU Liu, DH AF Liu, Donhang (David) TI Insulation Resistance Degradation in Ni-BaTiO3 Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS PACKAGING AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Barium titanate; ceramic capacitors; dielectric degradation; insulation resistance (IR); reliability ID DC-ELECTRICAL DEGRADATION; PEROVSKITE-TYPE TITANATES; NI INTERNAL ELECTRODE; BARIUM-TITANATE; OXYGEN NONSTOICHIOMETRY; DIELECTRIC EVOLUTION; BATIO3 CERAMICS; MICROSTRUCTURE; RELIABILITY AB Insulation resistance (IR) degradation in Ni-BaTiO3 multilayer ceramic capacitors has been characterized by the measurement of both time to failure (TTF) and direct current leakage as a function of stress time under highly accelerated life test conditions. The measured leakage current-time dependence data fit well to an exponential form, and a characteristic growth time tau SD can be determined. A greater value of tau SD represents a slower IR degradation process. Oxygen vacancy migration and localization at the grain boundary region results in the reduction of the Schottky barrier height and has been found to be the main reason for IR degradation in Ni-BaTiO3 capacitors. The reduction of barrier height as a function of time follows an exponential relation of phi(t) = phi(0)e(-2Kt), where the degradation rate constant K = K-0(e(-Ek/kT)) is inversely proportional to the mean TTF (MTTF) and can be determined using an Arrhenius plot. For oxygen vacancy electromigration, a lower barrier height phi(0) will favor a slow IR degradation process, but a lower phi(0) will also promote electronic carrier conduction across the barrier and decrease the IR. As a result, a moderate barrier height phi(0) (and therefore a moderate IR value) with a longer MTTF (smaller degradation rate constant K) will result in a minimized IR degradation process and the most improved reliability in Ni-BaTiO3 multilayer ceramic capacitors. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ASRC Fed Space & Def, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Liu, DH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ASRC Fed Space & Def, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM donhang.liu-1@NASA.gov FU NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program FX The author appreciates NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program's support for this paper. The author would like to thank NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Code 562 Parts Analysis Laboratory for assistance with electrical testing. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-3950 EI 2156-3985 J9 IEEE T COMP PACK MAN JI IEEE Trans. Compon. Pack. Manuf. Technol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 5 IS 1 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1109/TCPMT.2014.2374576 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AZ3JK UT WOS:000348123200006 ER PT J AU Mehdi, I GoL'Tsman, G Putz, P AF Mehdi, Imran GoL'Tsman, Gregory Puetz, Patrick TI Introduction to the Mini-Special-Issue on the 25th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology (ISSTT) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mehdi, Imran] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [GoL'Tsman, Gregory] Moscow State Pedag Univ, Moscow 119435, Russia. [Puetz, Patrick] Univ Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP Mehdi, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 5 IS 1 BP 14 EP 15 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2014.2377046 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA AZ3KB UT WOS:000348124900004 ER PT J AU Karasik, BS McKitterick, CB Reck, TJ Prober, DE AF Karasik, Boris S. McKitterick, Christopher B. Reck, Theodore J. Prober, Daniel E. TI Normal-Metal Hot-Electron Nanobolometer With Johnson Noise Thermometry Readout SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology (ISSTT) CY APR 27-30, 2014 CL Moscow, RUSSIA DE Hot-electron; Johnson noise thermometry (JNT); nanobolometer; THz astrophysics ID PHONON RELAXATION; PHOTON DETECTION; DIFFUSION AB The sensitivity of a THz hot-electron nanobolometer (nano-HEB) made from a normal metal is analyzed. Johnson Noise Thermometry (JNT) is employed as a readout technique. In contrast to its superconducting Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) counterpart, the normal-metal nano-HEB can operate at any cryogenic temperature depending on the required radiation background limited Noise Equivalent Power (NEP). It does not require bias lines; 100s of nano-HEBs can be read by a single low-noise X-band amplifier via a filter bank channelizer. The modeling predicts that even with the sensitivity penalty due to the amplifier noise, an NEP similar to 10(-20)-10(-19)W/Hz(1/2) can be expected at 50-100 mK in 10-20 nm thin titanium (Ti) normal metal HEBs with niobium (Nb) contacts. This NEP is fairly constant over a range of readout frequencies similar to 10 GHz. Although materials with weaker electron-phonon coupling (bismuth, graphene) do not improve the minimum achievable NEP, they can be considered if a larger than 10 GHz readout bandwidth is required. C1 [Karasik, Boris S.; Reck, Theodore J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [McKitterick, Christopher B.; Prober, Daniel E.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Karasik, BS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM boris.s.karasik@jpl.nasa.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 5 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2014.2370755 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA AZ3KB UT WOS:000348124900005 ER PT J AU Koshak, WJ Cummins, KL Buechler, DE Vant-Hull, B Blakeslee, RJ Williams, ER Peterson, HS AF Koshak, William J. Cummins, Kenneth L. Buechler, Dennis E. Vant-Hull, Brian Blakeslee, Richard J. Williams, Earle R. Peterson, Harold S. TI Variability of CONUS Lightning in 2003-12 and Associated Impacts SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; OPTICAL TRANSIENT DETECTOR; GROUND FLASH DENSITY; IMAGING SENSOR; THUNDERCLOUD PARAMETERS; THUNDERSTORMS; FIRES; NOX; PERFORMANCE; SATELLITE AB Changes in lightning characteristics over the conterminous United States (CONUS) are examined to support the National Climate Assessment (NCA) program. Details of the variability of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning characteristics over the decade 2003-12 are provided using data from the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN). Changes in total (CG + cloud flash) lightning across part of the CONUS during the decade are provided using satellite Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) data. The variations in NLDN-derived CG lightning are compared with available statistics on lightning-caused impacts to various U.S. economic sectors. Overall, a downward trend in total CG lightning count is found for the decadal period; the 5-yr mean NLDN CG count decreased by 12.8% from 25 204 345.8 (2003-07) to 21 986 578.8 (2008-12). There is a slow upward trend in the fraction and number of positive-polarity CG lightning, however. Associated lightning-caused fatalities and injuries, and the number of lightning-caused wildland fires and burn acreage also trended downward, but crop and personal-property damage costs increased. The 5-yr mean LIS total lightning changed little over the decadal period. Whereas the CONUS-averaged dry-bulb temperature trended upward during the analysis period, the CONUS-averaged wet-bulb temperature (a variable that is better correlated with lightning activity) trended downward. A simple linear model shows that climate-induced changes in CG lightning frequency would likely have a substantial and direct impact on humankind (e.g., a long-term upward trend of 1 degrees C in wet-bulb temperature corresponds to approximately 14 fatalities and over $367 million in personal-property damage resulting from lightning). C1 [Koshak, William J.; Blakeslee, Richard J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Cummins, Kenneth L.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Buechler, Dennis E.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Vant-Hull, Brian] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Williams, Earle R.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Peterson, Harold S.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Koshak, WJ (reprint author), NASA, Earth Sci Off, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM william.koshak@nasa.gov OI Cummins, Kenneth/0000-0001-9871-691X FU NASA Headquarters under a National Climate Assessment NASA Centers; NASA Research Announcement [NNH12ZDA001N] FX This work was supported by NASA Headquarters under a National Climate Assessment NASA Centers Call for Proposals, with a management team of Dr. Jack Kaye of NASA Headquarters, Dr. Allison Leidner (AAAS science and technology policy fellow at NASA Headquarters), and Dr. James Smoot (detailed to NASA Headquarters for NCA activities), and subsequently through NASA Research Announcement NNH12ZDA001N under Dr. Kaye and Dr. Lucia Tsaoussi (deputy associate director for the Earth Science Research Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters). In addition, we thank Dr. Dan Cecil of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center for useful conversations in regard to processing of the Lightning Imaging Sensor data. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 54 IS 1 BP 15 EP 41 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0072.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ0SB UT WOS:000347953700002 ER PT J AU Clain, G Brogniez, H Payne, VH John, VO Luo, M AF Clain, G. Brogniez, H. Payne, V. H. John, V. O. Luo, M. TI An Assessment of SAPHIR Calibration Using Quality Tropical Soundings SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION DRY BIAS; CONTINUUM ABSORPTION; AMSU-A; HUMIDITY; WATER; VALIDATION; LAND; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; EMISSIVITIES AB The Sondeur Atmospherique du Profil d'Humidite Intertropicale par Radiometrie (SAPHIR) instrument on board the Megha-Tropiques (MT) platform is a cross-track, multichannel microwave humidity sounder with six channels near the 183.31-GHz water vapor absorption line, a maximum scan angle of 42.96 degrees (resulting in a maximum incidence angle of 50.7 degrees), a 1700-km-wide swath, and a footprint resolution of 10 km at nadir. SAPHIR L1A2 brightness temperature (BT) observations have been compared to BTs simulated by the radiative transfer model (RTM) Radiative Transfer for the Television and Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder (RTTOV-10), using in situ measurements from radiosondes as input. Selected radiosonde humidity observations from the Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability in the Year (CINDY)-Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) campaign (September 2011-March 2012) were spatiotemporally collocated with MT overpasses. Although several sonde systems were used during the campaign, all of the sites selected for this study used the VaisalaRS92-SGPDsystem and were chosen in order to avoid discrepancies in data quality and biases. To interpret the results of the comparison between the sensor data and the RTM simulations, uncertainties associated with the data processing must be propagated throughout the evaluation. The magnitude of the bias was found to be dependent on the observing channel, increasing from 0.18 K for the 183.31 +/- 0.2-GHz channel to 2.3K for the 183.31 +/- 11-GHz channel. Uncertainties and errors that could impact the BT biases were investigated. These can be linked to the RTM input and design, the radiosonde observations, the chosen methodology of comparison, and the SAPHIR instrument itself. C1 [Clain, G.; Brogniez, H.] Univ Paris 06, Univ Sorbonne, Univ Versailles St Quentin, CNRS INSU,LATMOS IPSL, Guyancourt, France. [Payne, V. H.; Luo, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [John, V. O.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Brogniez, H (reprint author), LATMOS, 11 Blvd Alembert, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. EM helene.brogniez@latmos.ipsl.fr RI Dey, Kamalesh/E-6568-2017 FU French National Space Center (CNES); NSF; NOAA; ONR; DOE; NASA; JAMSTEC; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work is funded by the French National Space Center (CNES). The authors thank Tom Wilheit for the fruitful discussions about SAPHIR calibration. We wish to thank the NWP SAF team for its help with the RTTOV model, and we acknowledge specifically Peter Rayer and James Hocking.; The radiosonde data were collected as part of DYNAMO, which was sponsored by NSF, NOAA, ONR, DOE, NASA, JAMSTEC, and Indian and Australian funding agencies. For the radiosonde observations performed at the GAN site during the CINDY/DYNAMO campaign, acknowledgements are directed to the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility. The involvement of the NSF-sponsored National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL) is acknowledged. The data are archived at the DYNAMO Data Archive Center maintained by NCAR EOL. Together with the CINDY/DYNAMO science team, we acknowledge particularly Junhong Wang, Richard H. Johnson, Paul E. Ciesielski, and Kunio Yoneyama.; Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement by the U.S. government or the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. MonoRTM is a LBL RTM developed by Atmospheric and Environmental Research (AER). The model is publicly available and may be downloaded (from http://rtweb.aer.com). Thanks to the ARTS community (http://www.sat.ltu.se/arts/) for providing the ARTS radiative transfer model. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 32 IS 1 BP 61 EP 78 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00054.1 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ4WL UT WOS:000348221100004 ER PT J AU Koshak, WJ Solakiewicz, RJ AF Koshak, William J. Solakiewicz, Richard J. TI A Method for Retrieving the Ground Flash Fraction and Flash Type from Satellite Lightning Mapper Observations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMAGER DATA AB An analytic perturbation method is introduced for retrieving the lightning ground flash fraction in a set of N lightning flashes observed by a satellite lightning mapper. The value of N must be large, typically in the thousands, and the satellite lightning optical observations consist of the maximum group area (MGA) produced by each flash. Moreover, the method subsequently determines the flash type (ground or cloud) of each of the N flashes. Performance tests of the method were conducted using simulated observations that were based on Optical Transient Detector (OTD) and Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) data. It is found that the mean ground flash fraction retrieval errors are below 0.04 across the full range 0-1 under the nominal conditions defined. In general, it is demonstrated that the retrieval errors depend on many factors (i.e., the number N of satellite observations, the magnitude of random and systematic instrument measurement errors, the ground flash fraction itself, and the number of samples used to form certain climate distributions employed in the method). The fraction of flashes accurately flash typed by the method averaged better than 78%. Overall, the accuracy of ground flash fraction and flash-typing retrievals degrade as the simulated population ground and cloud flash MGA distributions become more identical. Finally, because the analytic perturbation method was found to be quite robust (i.e., it performed well for several arbitrary underlying MGA distributions), it is not restricted to the lightning problem studied here but can be applied to any inverse problem having a similar problem statement. C1 [Koshak, William J.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Solakiewicz, Richard J.] Chicago State Univ, Chicago, IL USA. RP Koshak, WJ (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Off, ZP11,320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM william.koshak@nasa.gov FU NOAA GOES-R Risk Reduction Program; Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) project as part of the NASA Earth Science Enterprise (ESE) Earth Observing System (EOS) project FX This research has been supported by the NOAA GOES-R Risk Reduction Program (managed by Ms. Ingrid Guch and Dr. Mark DeMaria), and by the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) project (program manager Ramesh Kakar, NASA Headquarters) as part of the NASA Earth Science Enterprise (ESE) Earth Observing System (EOS) project. Special thanks to Dr. Steve Goodman, senior (chief) scientist, GOES-R System Program, for his guidance throughout this work effort. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 32 IS 1 BP 79 EP 96 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00085.1 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ4WL UT WOS:000348221100005 ER PT J AU Halpern, D Menemenlis, D Wang, XC AF Halpern, David Menemenlis, Dimitris Wang, Xiaochun TI Impact of Data Assimilation on ECCO2 Equatorial Undercurrent and North Equatorial Countercurrent in the Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; MODEL; PROPAGATION; CURRENTS; SYSTEM; ERRORS; WATER AB The impact of data assimilation on the transports of eastward-flowing Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) and North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) in the Pacific Ocean from 145 degrees E to95 degrees Wduring 2004-05 and 200911 was assessed. Two Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II (ECCO2), solutions were analyzed: one with data assimilation and one without. Assimilated data included satellite observations of sea surface temperature and ocean surface topography, in which the sampling patterns were approximately uniform over the 5 years, and in situ measurements of subsurface salinity and temperature profiles, in which the sampling patterns varied considerably in space and time throughout the 5 years. Velocity measurements were not assimilated. The impact of data assimilation was considered significant when the difference between the transports computed with and without data assimilation was greater than 5.5 X 10(6) m(3) s(-1) (or 5.5 Sv; 1 Sv equivalent to 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) for the EUC and greater than 5.0 Sv for the NECC. In addition, the difference of annual-mean transports computed from 3-day-averaged data was statistically significant at the 95% level. The impact of data assimilation ranged from no impact to very substantial impact when data assimilation increased the EUC transport and decreased the NECC transport. The study's EUC results had some correspondence with other studies and no simple agreement or disagreement pattern emerged among all studies of the impact of data assimilation. No comparable study of the impact of data assimilation on the NECC has been made. C1 [Halpern, David; Menemenlis, Dimitris] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wang, Xiaochun] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Halpern, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 233-300,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM david.halpern@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA FX We appreciate the helpful suggestions on a draft manuscript by Dr. David Behringer (NOAA), and the perceptive comments and suggestions by three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge support from Drs. David Considine and Jack Kaye (both at NASA headquarters). Hong Zhang kindly made Fig. 1. The research was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 32 IS 1 BP 131 EP 143 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00025.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ4WL UT WOS:000348221100008 ER PT J AU Ubelmann, C Klein, P Fu, LL AF Ubelmann, Clement Klein, Patrice Fu, Lee-Lueng TI Dynamic Interpolation of Sea Surface Height and Potential Applications for Future High-Resolution Altimetry Mapping SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COHERENT VORTICES; OCEAN; MESOSCALE; SUBMESOSCALE; TURBULENCE; FLOW; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; EDDIES; SYSTEM AB Many issues may challenge standard interpolation techniques to produce high-resolution gridded maps of sea surface height in the context of future missions like Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT). The present study proposes a new method to address these challenges. Based on the conservation of potential vorticity, the method provides a simple dynamic approach to interpolation through temporal gaps between high spatial resolution observations. For gaps shorter than 20 days, the dynamic interpolation is extremely efficient and allows for the reconstruction of the time evolution of small mesoscale eddies (below 100 km) that would be smoothed out by conventional methods based on optimal mapping. Such a simple approach offers some perspectives for developing high-level products from high-resolution altimetry data in the future. C1 [Ubelmann, Clement; Fu, Lee-Lueng] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Klein, Patrice] IFREMER, Lab Phys Oceans, Plouzane, France. RP Ubelmann, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM clement.ubelmann@jpl.nasa.gov RI Klein, Patrice/M-4279-2015 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; SWOT project; IFREMER (through the MOU IFREMER-JAMSTEC); CNRS (France); Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-09-BLAN-0365-02, ANR-10-LABX-19-01] FX The authors thank Aurelien Ponte of IFREMER, Julien Le Sommer of CNRS, and Jeroen Molemaker of UCLA for the constructive discussions about this study. The research presented in the paper was partially carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Support from the SWOT project is acknowledged. P. K. further acknowledges the support of IFREMER (through the MOU IFREMER-JAMSTEC), CNRS (France), and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Contracts ANR-09-BLAN-0365-02 (REDHOT) and ANR-10-LABX-19-01 (LabexMER)]. Government sponsorship is acknowledged. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 32 IS 1 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00152.1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ4WL UT WOS:000348221100011 ER PT J AU Daly, AM Drouin, BJ Groner, P Yu, SS Pearson, JC AF Daly, Adam M. Drouin, Brian J. Groner, Peter Yu, Shanshan Pearson, John C. TI Analysis of the rotational spectrum of the ground and first torsional excited states of monodeuterated ethane, CH3CH2D SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Submillimeter; Deuteroethane; Potential barrier ID INTERNAL-ROTATION; DEUTERATED ETHANES; POTENTIAL FUNCTION; MOLECULES; BARRIER AB The pure rotational spectrum of mono-deuterated ethane, CH3CH2D, has been measured up to 1600 GHz and spectroscopic constants have been fit to 984 transitions in the ground state and 422 transitions in the first torsional excited state (v(18)). Analyses of the ground state data were performed with the programs SPFIT, ERHAM and XIAM and of the first torsional state with SPFIT and ERHAM to extract molecular and spectroscopic constants. A combined fit of both states using ERHAM was used to determine rho = 0.4344026(68), which in the symmetric limit is the ratio I alpha/Iz and a measure of the periodicity of the internal rotation energy with X and the energy differences between the A and E torsional substates, Delta E(E-A), of 74.167(18) and -3382.23(34) MHz for the ground and excited states, respectively. Using these energy differences and the overtone transitions Delta v = 2 from Raman measurements in the literature, the coefficients V-3 and V-6 of the potential function of the internal rotation in CH3CH2D were determined as V-3 = 1004.56(4) cm(-1) and V-6 = 7.09(12) cm(-1). This analysis lays the ground work for the assignment of the IR spectrum of CH3CH2D between (680-880 cm(-1)) which will help quantify isotopic ratios by remote sensing missions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Daly, Adam M.; Drouin, Brian J.; Yu, Shanshan; Pearson, John C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Groner, Peter] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Daly, AM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Yu, Shanshan/D-8733-2016 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (C) California Institute of Technology. Government FX This paper presents research carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (C) 2011 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 307 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2014.11.002 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA AZ5EZ UT WOS:000348244500006 ER PT J AU Garcia-Maldonado, JQ Bebout, BM Everroad, RC Lopez-Cortes, A AF Garcia-Maldonado, Jose Q. Bebout, Brad M. Everroad, R. Craig Lopez-Cortes, Alejandro TI Evidence of Novel Phylogenetic Lineages of Methanogenic Archaea from Hypersaline Microbial Mats SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COENZYME-M REDUCTASE; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEA; FERMENTATIVE BACTERIA; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; METHYLATED AMINES; MCRA GENE; DIVERSITY; SULFATE AB Methanogenesis in hypersaline and high-sulfate environments is typically dominated by methylotrophic methanogens because sulfate reduction is thermodynamically favored over hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis in these environments. We characterized the community composition of methanogenic archaea in both unmanipulated and incubated microbial mats from different hypersaline environments in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Clone libraries of methyl coenzyme-M reductase (mcrA) sequences and DGGE band patterns of 16S rRNA and mcrA sequences showed that the methanogen community in these microbial mats is dominated by methylotrophic methanogens of the genus Methanohalophilus. However, phylogenetic analyses of mcrA sequences from these mats also revealed two new lineages corresponding to putative hydrogenotrophic methanogens related with the strictly hydrogenotrophic order Methanomicrobiales. Stimulated methane production under decreased salinity and sulfate concentrations also suggested the presence of hydrogenotrophic methanogens in these samples. The relative abundance of mcrA gene and transcripts, estimated by SYBR green I qPCR assays, suggested the activity of different phylogenetic groups of methanogens, including the two novel clusters, in unmanipulated samples of hypersaline microbial mats. Using geochemical and molecular approaches, we show that substrate limitation and values of salinity and sulfate higher than 3 % and 25 mM (respectively) are potential environmental constraints for methanogenesis in these environments. Microcosm experiments with modifications of salinity and sulfate concentrations and TMA addition showed that upper salt and sulfate concentrations for occurrence of methylotrophic methanogenesis were 28 % and 263 mM, respectively. This study provides phylogenetic information about uncultivated and undescribed methanogenic archaea from hypersaline environments. C1 [Garcia-Maldonado, Jose Q.; Lopez-Cortes, Alejandro] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Lab Geomicrobiol & Biotecnol, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. [Bebout, Brad M.; Everroad, R. Craig] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Exobiol Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Lopez-Cortes, Alejandro] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste CIBNOR, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. RP Lopez-Cortes, A (reprint author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste CIBNOR, 195 Colonia Playa Palo Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. EM alopez04@cibnor.mx FU CONACYT [105969-Z]; CIBNOR [PC0.18-2010-2014]; NASA Exobiology Program; CONACYT doctoral fellowship [212242]; NASA Postdoctoral Program FX This project was supported by CONACYT grant 105969-Z; 2008-2014, CIBNOR grant PC0.18-2010-2014 to A.L.C, and a grant from the NASA Exobiology Program to B.M.B. J.Q.G.M. is a recipient of a CONACYT doctoral fellowship (212242). R.C.E acknowledges the support of the NASA Postdoctoral Program, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities. We are grateful to Exportadora de Sal, S.A. de C.V. for access to the Guerrero Negro field site. We would like to thank Cheryl A. Kelley for assistance with the determination of methane production rates, Angela Detweiler and Santiago Cadena for technical support in the lab, Ignacio Leyva for assistance in phylogenetic analyses. Ira Fogel of CIBNOR provided editorial services. Berenice Celis provided suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 EI 1432-184X J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 69 IS 1 BP 106 EP 117 DI 10.1007/s00248-014-0473-7 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA AY6WW UT WOS:000347704500011 PM 25108574 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Stensrud, D Wicker, L Minnis, P Palikonda, R AF Jones, Thomas A. Stensrud, David Wicker, Louis Minnis, Patrick Palikonda, Rabindra TI Simultaneous Radar and Satellite Data Storm-Scale Assimilation Using an Ensemble Kalman Filter Approach for 24 May 2011 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID BULK MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; MULTICASE COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; ADAPTIVE COVARIANCE INFLATION; WARN-ON-FORECAST; CONVECTIVE-SCALE; PART II; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; INITIAL CONDITION; MODEL; SYSTEM AB Assimilating high-resolution radar reflectivity and radial velocity into convection-permitting numerical weather prediction models has proven to be an important tool for improving forecast skill of convection. The use of satellite data for the application is much less well understood, only recently receiving significant attention. Since both radar and satellite data provide independent information, combing these two sources of data in a robust manner potentially represents the future of high-resolution data assimilation. This research combines Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 13 (GOES-13) cloud water path (CWP) retrievals with Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) reflectivity and radial velocity to examine the impacts of assimilating each for a severe weather event occurring in Oklahoma on 24 May 2011. Data are assimilated into a 3-km model using an ensemble adjustment Kalman filter approach with 36 members over a 2-h assimilation window between 1800 and 2000 UTC. Forecasts are then generated for 90 min at 5-min intervals starting at 1930 and 2000 UTC. Results show that both satellite and radar data are able to initiate convection, but that assimilating both spins up a storm much faster. Assimilating CWP also performs well at suppressing spurious precipitation and cloud cover in the model as well as capturing the anvil characteristics of developed storms. Radar data are most effective at resolving the 3D characteristics of the core convection. Assimilating both satellite and radar data generally resulted in the best model analysis and most skillful forecast for this event. C1 [Jones, Thomas A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Stensrud, David; Wicker, Louis] NOAA, OAR, Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Minnis, Patrick] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Palikonda, Rabindra] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM thomas.jones@noaa.gov FU NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service as part of the GOES-R program; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma under the U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]; NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) Program; Department of Energy Atmospheric Science Research Program [DE-SC0000991/006] FX This research was supported by the NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service as part of the GOES-R program. Partial funding for this research was also provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, under the U.S. Department of Commerce. P. Minnis and R. Palikonda are supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) Program and by the Department of Energy Atmospheric Science Research Program under Interagency Agreement DE-SC0000991/006. The near-real-time satellite analyses can be accessed for a variety of domains at http://cloudsgate2.larc.nasa.gov/. The computing for this project was performed at the OU Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) at the University of Oklahoma (OU). NR 82 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 143 IS 1 BP 165 EP 194 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00180.1 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ0DO UT WOS:000347916700010 ER PT J AU Najafi, F Mower, J Harris, NC Bellei, F Dane, A Lee, C Hu, XL Kharel, P Marsili, F Assefa, S Berggren, KK Englund, D AF Najafi, Faraz Mower, Jacob Harris, Nicholas C. Bellei, Francesco Dane, Andrew Lee, Catherine Hu, Xiaolong Kharel, Prashanta Marsili, Francesco Assefa, Solomon Berggren, Karl K. Englund, Dirk TI On-chip detection of non-classical light by scalable integration of single-photon detectors SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDES; SUPERCONDUCTING NANOWIRES; SILICON; CIRCUITS; EFFICIENCY; FIBER; LASER AB Photonic-integrated circuits have emerged as a scalable platform for complex quantum systems. A central goal is to integrate single-photon detectors to reduce optical losses, latency and wiring complexity associated with off-chip detectors. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are particularly attractive because of high detection efficiency, sub-50-ps jitter and nanosecond-scale reset time. However, while single detectors have been incorporated into individual waveguides, the system detection efficiency of multiple SNSPDs in one photonic circuit-required for scalable quantum photonic circuits-has been limited to <0.2%. Here we introduce a micrometer-scale flip-chip process that enables scalable integration of SNSPDs on a range of photonic circuits. Ten low-jitter detectors are integrated on one circuit with 100% device yield. With an average system detection efficiency beyond 10%, and estimated on-chip detection efficiency of 14-52% for four detectors operated simultaneously, we demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, the first on-chip photon correlation measurements of non-classical light. C1 [Najafi, Faraz; Mower, Jacob; Harris, Nicholas C.; Bellei, Francesco; Dane, Andrew; Lee, Catherine; Berggren, Karl K.; Englund, Dirk] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hu, Xiaolong] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kharel, Prashanta] Columbia Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Marsili, Francesco] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Assefa, Solomon] IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Englund, D (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM englund@mit.edu FU DARPA Information in a Photon programme, through Army Research Office [W911NF-10-1-0416]; National Science Foundation [ECCS-1128222]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research through MURI [FA9550-14-1-0052]; Claude E. Shannon Fellowship; Columbia Optics and Quantum Electronics IGERT under NSF [DGE-1069420]; iQuISE fellowship; IBM Faculty Award FX This work was supported by the DARPA Information in a Photon programme, through grant W911NF-10-1-0416 from the Army Research Office, the National Science Foundation through grant ECCS-1128222 and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through MURI grant FA9550-14-1-0052. F.N. and J.M. were supported by the Claude E. Shannon Fellowship. A. D. was supported by the iQuISE fellowship. C.L. was supported by the Columbia Optics and Quantum Electronics IGERT under NSF grant DGE-1069420. D.E. was supported in part by an IBM Faculty Award. The authors thank J. Daley, M. Mondol, I. Bayn, K. Sunter, Y. Ivry, R. Hobbs, Q. Zhao, AttoCube and Montana Instruments for technical support. NR 41 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 31 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 6 AR 5873 DI 10.1038/ncomms6873 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CA1XM UT WOS:000348702200001 PM 25575346 ER PT J AU Barbee, BW Wie, B Steiner, M Getzandanner, K AF Barbee, Brent W. Wie, Bong Steiner, Mark Getzandanner, Kenneth TI Conceptual design of a flight validation mission for a Hypervelocity Asteroid Intercept Vehicle SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Asteroids; Near-Earth Objects; Planetary defense; Spacecraft mission design AB Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) are asteroids and comets whose orbits approach or cross Earth's orbit. NEOs have collided with our planet in the past, sometimes to devastating effect, and continue to do so today. Collisions with NEOs large enough to do significant damage to the ground are fortunately infrequent, but such events can occur at any time and we therefore need to develop and validate the techniques and technologies necessary to prevent the Earth impact of an incoming NEO. In this paper we provide background on the hazard posed to Earth by NEOs and present the results of a recent study performed by the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center's Mission Design Lab (MDL) in collaboration with Iowa State University's Asteroid Deflection Research Center (ADRC) to design a flight validation mission for a Hypervelocity Asteroid Intercept Vehicle (HAIV) as part of a Phase 2 NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) research project. The HAIV is a two-body vehicle consisting of a leading kinetic impactor and trailing follower carrying a Nuclear Explosive Device (NED) payload. The HAIV detonates the NED inside the crater in the NEO's surface created by the lead kinetic impactor portion of the vehicle, effecting a powerful subsurface detonation to disrupt the NEO. For the flight validation mission, only a simple mass proxy for the NED is carried in the HAIV. Ongoing and future research topics are discussed following the presentation of the detailed flight validation mission design results produced in the MDL. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of IAA. C1 [Barbee, Brent W.; Steiner, Mark; Getzandanner, Kenneth] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wie, Bong] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Barbee, BW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 595,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM brent.w.barbee@nasa.gov; bongwie@iastate.edu; mark.d.steiner@nasa.gov; kenneth.getzandanner@nasa.gov OI Steiner, Mark/0000-0001-5656-2924 FU NIAC (NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts) [NNX12AQ60G] FX This research has been supported by a NIAC (NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts) (NNX12AQ60G) Phase 2 study grant. The authors would like to thank Dr. John (Jay) Falker, the NIAC Program Executive, for his support. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 EI 1879-2030 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 106 BP 139 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.10.043 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AY7WR UT WOS:000347767200011 ER PT J AU Spada, M Jorba, O Garcia-Pando, CP Janjic, Z Baldasano, JM AF Spada, M. Jorba, O. Garcia-Pando, C. Perez Janjic, Z. Baldasano, J. M. TI On the evaluation of global sea-salt aerosol models at coastal/orographic sites SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sea-salt aerosol; Global model evaluation; University of Miami Network; Surface concentration measurements; Coastal sites; Orographic effects ID ZEALAND PRECIPITATION EVENTS; SOUTHERN ALPS; MESOSCALE RAINFALL; CLIMATE; SENSITIVITY; RESOLUTION; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATION; DUST; MASS AB Sea-salt aerosol global models are typically evaluated against concentration observations at coastal stations that are unaffected by local surf conditions and thus considered representative of open ocean conditions. Despite recent improvements in sea-salt source functions, studies still show significant model errors in specific regions. Using a multiscale model, we investigated the effect of high model resolution (0.1 degrees x 0.1 degrees vs. 1 degrees x 1.4 degrees) upon sea-salt patterns in four stations from the University of Miami Network: Baring Head, Chatam Island, and Invercargill in New Zealand, and Marion Island in the sub-antarctic Indian Ocean. Normalized biases improved from +63.7% to +3.3% and correlation increased from 0.52 to 0.84. The representation of sea/land interfaces, mesoscale circulations, and precipitation with the higher resolution model played a major role in the simulation of annual concentration trends. Our results recommend caution when comparing or constraining global models using surface concentration observations from coastal stations. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Spada, M.; Jorba, O.; Baldasano, J. M.] Ctr Nacl Supercomputac, Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Barcelona, Spain. [Garcia-Pando, C. Perez] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Pando, C. Perez] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Janjic, Z.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Baldasano, J. M.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain. RP Spada, M (reprint author), BSC CNS, Dept Earth Sci, Edificio Nexus II,C Jordi Girona 29, Barcelona 08034, Spain. EM michele.spada@bsc.es OI Perez Garcia-Pando, Carlos/0000-0002-4456-0697; Jorba, Oriol/0000-0001-5872-0244 FU "Supercomputacion and e-ciencia" Project from the Consolider-Ingenio program of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CSD2007-0050]; Severo Ochoa Program - Spanish Government [SEV-2011-00067]; [CGL2013-46736-R] FX We would like to thank the scientists of the University of Miami Ocean Aerosol Network, the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, and the South African Weather Service for establishing and providing data from the stations used in this work. In particular, we thank J. Prospero for his personal communications, M. Schulz for providing postprocessing of the University of Miami Ocean Aerosol Network dataset, and A. Tait for providing postprocessing of the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research climatological maps. We also thank F. Benincasa for technical support. BSC acknowledges the support from projects CGL2013-46736-R and "Supercomputacion and e-ciencia" Project (CSD2007-0050) from the Consolider-Ingenio 2010 program of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the support from the grant SEV-2011-00067 of Severo Ochoa Program, awarded by the Spanish Government. Carlos Perez Garcia-Pando acknowledges DoE and NASA Roses. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 101 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.019 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ1SB UT WOS:000348017000005 ER PT J AU Chu, DA Ferrare, R Szykman, J Lewis, J Scarino, A Hains, J Burton, S Chen, G Tsai, T Hostetler, C Hair, J Holben, B Crawford, J AF Chu, D. Allen Ferrare, Richard Szykman, James Lewis, Jasper Scarino, Amy Hains, Jennifer Burton, Sharon Chen, Gao Tsai, Tzuchin Hostetler, Chris Hair, Johnathan Holben, Brent Crawford, James TI Regional characteristics of the relationship between columnar AOD and surface PM2.5: Application of lidar aerosol extinction profiles over Baltimore-Washington Corridor during DISCOVER-AQ SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE DISCOVER-AQ; Baltimore-Washington Corridor; HSRL; MPLNET; DRAGON; AERONET; MODIS; ADD; Aerosol mixing layer; Haze layer height; PM2.5 ID BOUNDARY-LAYER DEPTH; OPTICAL DEPTH; AIR-QUALITY; PARTICULATE; MODIS; POLLUTION; URBAN; LAND; VALIDATION; THICKNESS AB The first field campaign of DISCOVER-AQ (Deriving Information on Surface conditions from COlumn and VERtically resolved observations relevant to Air Quality) took place in July 2011 over Baltimore-Washington Corridor (BWC). A suite of airborne remote sensing and in-situ sensors was deployed along with ground networks for mapping vertical and horizontal distribution of aerosols. Previous researches were based on a single lidar station because of the lack of regional coverage. This study uses the unique airborne HSRL (High Spectral Resolution Lidar) data to baseline PM2.5 (particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 mu m) estimates and applies to regional air quality with satellite AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) retrievals over BWC (similar to 6500 km(2)). The linear approximation takes into account aerosols aloft above AML (Aerosol Mixing Layer) by normalizing AOD with haze layer height (i.e., AOD/HLH). The estimated PM2.5 mass concentrations by HSRL AOD/FILH are shown within 2 RMSE (Root Mean Square Error similar to 9.6 mu g/m(3)) with correlation similar to 0.88 with the observed over BWC. Similar statistics are shown when applying HLH data from a single location over the distance of 100 km. In other words, a single lidar is feasible to cover the range of 100 km with expected uncertainties. The employment of MPLNET-AERONET (MicroPulse Lidar NETwork - AErosol RObotic NETwork) measurements at NASA GSFC produces similar statistics of PM2.5 estimates as those derived by HSRL. The synergy of active and passive remote sensing aerosol measurements provides the foundation for satellite application of air quality on a daily basis. For the optimal range of 10 km, the MODIS-estimated PM2.5 values are found satisfactory at 27 (out of 36) sunphotometer locations with mean RMSE of 1.6-3.3 mu g/m(3) relative to PM2.5 estimated by sunphotometers. The remaining 6 of 8 marginal sites are found in the coastal zone, for which associated large RMSE values similar to 4.5-7.8 mu g/m(3) are most likely due to overestimated AOD because of water-contaminated pixels. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chu, D. Allen; Lewis, Jasper] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Chu, D. Allen; Lewis, Jasper; Holben, Brent] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ferrare, Richard; Szykman, James; Scarino, Amy; Burton, Sharon; Chen, Gao; Hostetler, Chris; Hair, Johnathan; Crawford, James] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Szykman, James] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hains, Jennifer] Maryland Dept Environm, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Tsai, Tzuchin] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tsai, Tzuchin] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Chu, DA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, JCET UMBC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM allen.chu@nasa.gov RI Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015 FU NASA DISCOVER-AQ [NNX10AR41G]; NASA Air Now [NNX11A176G] FX We would like to thank HSRL and LARGE teams for acquiring and processing measurements during DISCOVER-AQ field campaign in July 2011 as well as AERONET/DRAGON and MPLNET teams for processing sunphotometer and micro-pulse lidar data. Thanks especially go to Maryland Department of Environment for providing hourly PM2.5 and meteorological measurements. We would also like to thank MODIS aerosol team and MODAP for processing MODIS AOD retrievals. The development of the methodology and the analysis of multiple-sensor data products are performed under the NASA grants DISCOVER-AQ (NNX10AR41G) and Air Now (NNX11A176G). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as official U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 101 BP 338 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.034 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ1SB UT WOS:000348017000034 ER PT J AU Varonen, M Samoska, L Fung, A Padmanabhan, S Kangaslahti, P Lai, R Sarkozy, S Soria, M Owen, H Reck, T Chattopadhyay, G Larkoski, PV Gaier, T AF Varonen, Mikko Samoska, Lorene Fung, Andy Padmanabhan, Sharmila Kangaslahti, Pekka Lai, Richard Sarkozy, Stephen Soria, Mary Owen, Heather Reck, Theodore Chattopadhyay, Goutam Larkoski, Patricia V. Gaier, Todd TI A WR4 Amplifier Module Chain With an 87 K Noise Temperature at 228 GHz SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Cryogenic; InP HEMT; low-noise amplifiers (LNAs); MMIC AB In this letter we report an ultra-low-noise amplifier module chain in the WR4 frequency range. The amplifier chips were fabricated in a 35 nm InP HEMT technology and packaged in waveguide housings utilizing quartz E-plane waveguide probes. When cryogenically cooled to 22 K and measured through a mylar vacuum window, the amplifier module chain achieves a receiver noise temperature of 87 K at 228 GHz and less than a 100 K noise temperature from 217 to 236 GHz. The LNA modules have 21-31 dB gain and the power dissipation is 12.4-15.8 mW. To the best of authors' knowledge, these are the lowest LNA noise temperatures at these frequencies reported to date. C1 [Varonen, Mikko; Samoska, Lorene; Fung, Andy; Padmanabhan, Sharmila; Kangaslahti, Pekka; Soria, Mary; Owen, Heather; Reck, Theodore; Chattopadhyay, Goutam; Gaier, Todd] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lai, Richard; Sarkozy, Stephen] Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Larkoski, Patricia V.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Varonen, M (reprint author), Aalto Univ, Dept Micro & Nanosci, Espoo, Finland. EM mikko.varonen@aalto.fi FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Academy of Finland; Alfred Kordel Foundation FX This work was supported in part by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and by the Academy of Finland through the Postdoctoral research post and by Alfred Kordel Foundation. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1531-1309 EI 1558-1764 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 25 IS 1 BP 58 EP 60 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2014.2369963 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AY6SK UT WOS:000347695700020 ER PT J AU Keidar, M Polzin, KA Hoskins, A Takegahara, H AF Keidar, Michael Polzin, Kurt A. Hoskins, Andy Takegahara, Haruki TI Guest Editorial Introduction to the Special Issue on Plasma Propulsion SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Keidar, Michael] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Polzin, Kurt A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Hoskins, Andy] Aerojet Corp, Sacramento, CA USA. [Takegahara, Haruki] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Hino, Tokyo, Japan. RP Keidar, M (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 43 IS 1 BP 2 EP 4 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2366311 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AY8ED UT WOS:000347786300001 ER PT J AU Sekerak, MJ Longmier, BW Gallimore, AD Brown, DL Hofer, RR Polk, JE AF Sekerak, Michael J. Longmier, Benjamin W. Gallimore, Alec D. Brown, Daniel L. Hofer, Richard R. Polk, James E. TI Azimuthal Spoke Propagation in Hall Effect Thrusters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Electric Propulsion Conference (IEPC 2013) CY OCT 06-10, 2013 CL George Washington Univ, Washington, DC HO George Washington Univ DE Aerospace industry; hall effect devices; plasma diagnostics; plasma measurements; plasma waves; satellites; space technology ID STATIONARY PLASMA THRUSTERS AB Spokes are azimuthally propagating perturbations in the plasma discharge of Hall effect thrusters (HETs) that travel in the E x B direction. The mechanisms for spoke formation are unknown, but their presence has been associated with improved thruster performance in some thrusters motivating a detailed investigation. The propagation of azimuthal spokes are investigated in a 6 kW HET by using high-speed imaging and azimuthally spaced probes. The spoke velocity is determined from high-speed image analysis using three methods with similar results. The spoke velocity for three discharge voltages (300, 400, and 450 V) and three anode mass flow rates (14.7, 19.5, and 25.2 mg/s) are between 1500 and 2200 m/s across a range of magnetic field settings. The spoke velocity is inversely dependent on magnetic field strength for lower B-fields and asymptotes at higher B-fields. Spoke velocities calculated from the probes are consistently higher by 30% or more. An empirically approximated dispersion relation of omega(alpha) = nu(alpha)(ch)k(theta)(alpha) - omega(alpha)(ch) where alpha >= 1 yields a characteristic velocity that matches the ion acoustic speed for similar to 5 eV electrons which exist in the near-anode and near-field plume regions of the discharge. C1 [Sekerak, Michael J.; Longmier, Benjamin W.; Gallimore, Alec D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Plasmadynam & Elect Prop Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Brown, Daniel L.] US Air Force Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Hofer, Richard R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Elect Prop Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hofer, Richard R.; Polk, James E.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Polk, James E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Prop & Mat Engn Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sekerak, MJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Plasmadynam & Elect Prop Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM msekerak@umich.edu; longmier@umich.edu; alec.gallimore@umich.edu; daniel.brown@edwards.af.mil; richard.r.hofer@jpl.nasa.gov; james.e.polk@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA Office of the Chief Technologist's Space Technology Research Fellowship; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, VA, USA; Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA, USA, through the Michigan/Air Force Center of Excellence in Electric Propulsion [FA9550-09-1-0695]; ERC, Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA [RS130040, RS140086]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX This work was supported in part by a NASA Office of the Chief Technologist's Space Technology Research Fellowship, in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, VA, USA, and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA, USA, through the Michigan/Air Force Center of Excellence in Electric Propulsion under Grant FA9550-09-1-0695, in part by ERC, Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA, under Contract RS130040 and Contract RS140086, and in part by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 43 IS 1 BP 72 EP 85 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2355223 PN 1 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AY8ED UT WOS:000347786300009 ER PT J AU Conversano, RW Goebel, DM Hofer, RR Matlock, TS Wirz, RE AF Conversano, Ryan W. Goebel, Dan M. Hofer, Richard R. Matlock, Taylor S. Wirz, Richard E. TI Development and Initial Testing of a Magnetically Shielded Miniature Hall Thruster SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Electric Propulsion Conference (IEPC 2013) CY OCT 06-10, 2013 CL George Washington Univ, Washington, DC HO George Washington Univ DE Hall effect devices; magnetic fields AB The scaling of magnetically shielded Hall thrusters to low power is investigated through the development and fabrication of a 4-cm Hall thruster. During initial testing, the magnetically shielded miniature Hall thruster was operated at 275 V discharge voltage and 325-W discharge power. Inspection of the channel walls after testing suggests that the outer discharge channel wall was successfully shielded from high-energy ion erosion while the inner channel wall showed evidence of weaker shielding, likely due to magnetic circuit saturation. Scanning planar probe measurements taken at two locations downstream of the thruster face provided ion current density profiles. The ion current calculated by integrating these data was 1.04 A with a plume divergence half-angle of 30 degrees. Swept retarding potential analyzer measurements taken 80-cm axially downstream of the thruster measured the most probable ion voltage to be 252 V. The total thruster efficiency was calculated from probe measurements to be 43% (anode efficiency of 59%) corresponding to a thrust of 19 mN at a specific impulse of 1870 s. Discharge channel erosion rates were found to be approximately three orders of magnitude less than unshielded Hall thrusters, suggesting the potential for a significant increase in operational life. C1 [Conversano, Ryan W.; Matlock, Taylor S.; Wirz, Richard E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Plasma & Space Prop Lab, Wirz Res Grp, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Goebel, Dan M.; Hofer, Richard R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Elect Prop Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Conversano, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Plasma & Space Prop Lab, Wirz Res Grp, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM ryan.w.conversano@jpl.nasa.gov; dan.m.goebel@jpl.nasa.gov; richard.r.hofer@jpl.nasa.gov; tmatlock17@ucla.edu; wirz@ucla.edu FU University of California at Los Angeles School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship [NNX13AM65H]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, through the National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported in part by the University of California at Los Angeles School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, in part by the NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship under Grant NNX13AM65H, and in part by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, through the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 43 IS 1 BP 103 EP 117 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2321107 PN 1 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AY8ED UT WOS:000347786300012 ER PT J AU Goebel, DM Hofer, RR Mikellides, IG Katz, I Polk, JE Dotson, BN AF Goebel, Dan M. Hofer, Richard R. Mikellides, Ioannis G. Katz, Ira Polk, James E. Dotson, Brandon N. TI Conducting Wall Hall Thrusters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Electric Propulsion Conference (IEPC 2013) CY OCT 06-10, 2013 CL George Washington Univ, Washington, DC HO George Washington Univ DE Hall effect devices; plasma propulsion ID SECONDARY-ELECTRON EMISSION; STATIONARY PLASMA THRUSTERS; SEGMENTED-ELECTRODE; LIFE AB A unique configuration of the magnetic field and channel geometry near the wall of Hall thrusters, called magnetic shielding, has recently demonstrated the ability to significantly reduce the erosion of the boron nitride (BN) walls and extend the life of Hall thrusters by orders of magnitude. The ability of magnetic shielding to minimize interactions between the plasma and the discharge chamber walls in regions where erosion typically occurs has for the first time enabled the replacement of insulating walls with conducting materials without loss in Hall thruster performance. It is important to note that this is not a thruster with anode layer (TAL) where the walls are at or near cathode potential, but is a Hall thruster configuration where the walls are near the anode potential. The BN rings in the 6-kW H6 Hall thruster were replaced with graphite that self-biased to near the anode potential during operation. The thruster efficiency remained over 60% (within 2% of the baseline BN configuration) with a small decrease in thrust and increase in Isp typical of magnetically shielded Hall thrusters. The graphite wall temperatures decreased significantly compared with both shielded and unshielded BN configurations, leading to the potential for higher power operation. Eliminating ceramic walls makes it simpler and less expensive to fabricate a thruster to survive launch loads, and the graphite discharge chamber radiates more efficiently, which increases the power capability of the thruster compared with conventional Hall thruster designs. C1 [Goebel, Dan M.; Hofer, Richard R.; Mikellides, Ioannis G.; Katz, Ira; Polk, James E.; Dotson, Brandon N.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Elect Prop Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Goebel, DM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Elect Prop Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM dan.m.goebel@jpl.nasa.gov; richard.r.hofer@jpl.nasa.gov; ioannis.g.mikellides@jpl.nasa.gov; ira.ketz@jpl.nasa.gov; james.e.polk@jpl.nasa.gov; brandon.dotson@caltech.edu FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, through the National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, through the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 31 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 43 IS 1 BP 118 EP 126 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2321110 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AY8ED UT WOS:000347786300013 ER PT J AU Mikellides, IG Goebel, DM Jorns, BA Polk, JE Guerrero, P AF Mikellides, Ioannis G. Goebel, Dan M. Jorns, Benjamin A. Polk, James E. Guerrero, Pablo TI Numerical Simulations of the Partially Ionized Gas in a 100-A LaB6 Hollow Cathode SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Electric Propulsion Conference (IEPC 2013) CY OCT 06-10, 2013 CL George Washington Univ, Washington, DC HO George Washington Univ DE Gas discharge devices; ion engines; numerical analysis; plasma oscillations; plasma waves; thermionic emission ID DISCHARGE; EMISSION; MISSION; SHEATH; MODEL; WEAR AB Numerical simulations of a hollow cathode with a lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) emitter operating at 100 A have been performed using the 2-D Orificed Cathode (OrCa2D) code. Results for a variety of plasma properties are presented and compared with laboratory measurements. The large size of the device permits peak electron number densities in the cathode interior that are lower than those established in the NASA Solar Electric Propulsion Technology Application Readiness (NSTAR) hollow cathode, which operates at a 7.3x lower discharge current and 3.2x lower mass flow rate. The maximum electron current density also is lower in the LaB6 cathode, by 4.2x, due to the larger orifice size. Simulations and direct measurements show that at 12 sccm of xenon flow the peak emitter temperature is in the range of 1630 degrees C-1666 degrees C. It is also found that the conditions for the excitement of current-driven streaming instabilities and ion-acoustic turbulence (IAT) are satisfied in this cathode, similarly to what was found in the past in its smaller counterparts like the NSTAR cathode. Based on numerical simulations, it has long been argued that these instabilities may be responsible for the anomalously large ion energies that have been measured in these discharges as well as for the enhancement of the plasma resistivity. Direct measurements of the turbulent spectra and confirmation of the presence of IAT in this cathode have now been completed. Interpolation of the measured anomalous collision frequency based on slightly different operating conditions than the one in the numerical simulations suggests good agreement with the computed values. C1 [Mikellides, Ioannis G.; Jorns, Benjamin A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Elect Prop Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Goebel, Dan M.; Polk, James E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Prop Thermal & Mat Engn Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Guerrero, Pablo] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Engn Design Ctr, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. RP Mikellides, IG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Elect Prop Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ioannis.g.mikellides@jpl.nasa.gov; dan.m.goebel@jpl.nasa.gov; benjamin.a.jorns@jpl.nasa.gov; james.e.polk@jpl.nasa.gov; p.guerrero.eng@gmail.com FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, through the In-Space Propulsion Technology Program, National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, through the In-Space Propulsion Technology Program, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 43 IS 1 BP 173 EP 184 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2320876 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AY8ED UT WOS:000347786300020 ER PT J AU Tompson, SR AF Tompson, Sara R. TI Half-Life: The Divided Life of Bruno Pontecorvo, Physicist or Spy. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Tompson, Sara R.] Jet Prop Lab Lib, Arch & Records Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tompson, SR (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab Lib, Arch & Records Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 140 IS 1 BP 127 EP 127 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA AY2SR UT WOS:000347439900294 ER PT J AU Berger, EL Keller, LP Lauretta, DS AF Berger, Eve L. Keller, Lindsay P. Lauretta, Dante S. TI An experimental study of the formation of cubanite (CuFe2S3) in primitive meteorites SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CU-FE-S; PHASE-RELATIONS; AQUEOUS ACTIVITY; CI CHONDRITES; ZN-S; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; PARENT BODY; HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS; SYSTEM; SPHALERITE AB The low-temperature form of CuFe2S3, cubanite, has been identified in the CI chondrite and NASA Stardust mission collections. The presence of this mineral constrains the maximum temperature to 210 degrees C since the time of its formation. However, until now, the conditions under which cubanite forms were less well constrained. In order to refine the history of the time-varying, low-temperature fluids which existed on the CI-chondrite parent body and Comet 81P/Wild 2 (Wild 2), we synthesized cubanite. The experimental synthesis of this mineral was achieved, for the first time, under low-temperature aqueous conditions relevant to the CI-chondrite parent body. Using a variant of in situ hydrothermal recrystallization, cubanite formed in aqueous experiments starting with temperatures of 150 and 200 degrees C, pH approximately 9, and oxygen fugacities corresponding to the iron-magnetite buffer. The composition and structure of the cubanite were determined using electron microprobe and transmission electron microscopy techniques, respectively. The combined compositional, crystallographic, and experimental data allow us to place limits on the conditions under which the formation of cubanite is feasible, which in turn constrains the nature of the fluid phase on the CI-chondrite parent body and Wild 2 when cubanite was forming. C1 [Berger, Eve L.; Lauretta, Dante S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. [Keller, Lindsay P.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Berger, EL (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, GeoControl Syst Inc, Jacobs JETS Contract, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM eve.l.berger@nasa.gov FU NASA [NNX08AW48H, NNX09AC60G] FX Special thanks to Conel Alexander, Emma Bullock, and an anonymous referee, and to associate editor Gretchen Benedix, for helpful comments. This work was supported by NASA grants NNX08AW48H (elb), NNX09AC60G (dsl). NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 50 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1111/maps.12399 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AY6XW UT WOS:000347707000001 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Mahaffy, P Holmes, V Burris, J Morey, P Lehmann, KK Lollar, BS Lacrampe-Couloume, G Onstott, TC AF Chen, Y. Mahaffy, P. Holmes, V. Burris, J. Morey, P. Lehmann, K. K. Lollar, B. Sherwood Lacrampe-Couloume, G. Onstott, T. C. TI Near infrared cavity ring-down spectroscopy for isotopic analyses of CH4 on future Martian surface missions SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mars sciences; Methane isotope; Portable NIR CRDS; Astrobiology ID METHANE; MARS; SPECTROMETRY; ATMOSPHERE; CRUST AB A compact Near Infrared Continuous Wave Cavity Ring-down Spectrometer (near-IR-cw-CRDS) was developed as a candidate for future planetary surface missions. The optical cavity was made of titanium with rugged quartz windows to protect the delicate super cavity from the harsh environmental changes that it would experience during space flight and a Martian surface mission. This design assured the longterm stability of the system. The system applied three distributed feedback laser diodes (DFB-LD), two of which were tuned to the absorption line peaks of (CH4)-C-12 and (CH4)-C-13 at 6046.954 cm(-1) and 6049.121 cm(-1), respectively. The third laser was tuned to a spectral-lines-free region for measuring the baseline cavity loss. The multiple laser design compensated for typical baseline drift of a CRDS system and, thus, improved the overall precision. A semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) was used instead of an Acousto-Optic Module (AOM) to initiate the cavity ring-down events. It maintained high acquisition rates such as AOM, but consumed less power. High data acquisition rates combined with improved long-term stability yielded precise isotopic measurements in this near-IR region even though the strongest CH4 absorption line in this region is 140 times weaker than that of the strongest mid-IR absorption band., The current system has a detection limit of 1.4 x 10(-12) cm(-1) for (CH4)-C-13. This limit corresponds to similar to 7 pptv of CH4 at 100 Torr. With no further improvements the detection limit of our current near IR-cw-CRDS at an ambient Martian pressure of 6 Torr (8 mbar) would be 0.25 ppbv for one 33 minute long analysis. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Y.; Onstott, T. C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mahaffy, P.; Holmes, V.; Burris, J.; Morey, P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lehmann, K. K.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Lollar, B. Sherwood; Lacrampe-Couloume, G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM yuhengc@princeton.edu FU NASA ASTID grant [NNX08AX16G]; NASA's Science Mission Directorate under the MIDDP; NSERC Discovery Grant FX This research study was supported by NASA ASTID grant NNX08AX16G to TCO, KKL and PRM with additional support from NASA's Science Mission Directorate under the MIDDP to PRM and additional support from an NSERC Discovery Grant to BSL. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 105 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2014.11.016 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AZ2SZ UT WOS:000348083900009 ER PT J AU Vander Jagt, BJ Durand, MT Margulis, SA Kim, EJ Molotch, NP AF Vander Jagt, Benjamin J. Durand, Michael T. Margulis, Steven A. Kim, Edward J. Molotch, Noah P. TI On the characterization of vegetation transmissivity using LAI for application in passive microwave remote sensing of snowpack SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing of snow; Passive microwave radiometry; Vegetation transmissivity; Scaling ID NIMBUS-7 SMMR DATA; LEAF-AREA INDEX; WATER EQUIVALENT; MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK; EMISSION MODEL; FOREST; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; FINLAND; COVER AB Vegetation has long been an obstacle in efforts to derive snow depth and mass estimates from passive microwave (PM) measurements of brightness temperature (T-b). Though certain metrics have been derived in an effort to characterize the effects of vegetation, some are restricted to certain vegetation types, while others are difficult to measure over the large scales at which spacebome PM measurements are made. In this study, we examine PM measurements made at multiple observation scales in Colorado and Wyoming, and found that spatial variations of airborne T-b data and temporal variation of spacebome T-b data are both highly correlated with a globally available remotely-sensed vegetation dataset, specifically the Leaf Area Index (LAI) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. The effective vegetation transmissivity, a physical variable used in existing simple radiative transfer models, is derived from a conservative assumption based on the variability in the measured T-b. We validate our transmissivity estimates over multiple snow seasons and geographic domains. Lastly, based on the variability in the measured T-b with respect to LAI, we define microwave-retrievable areas for PM-based retrieval methods of snow water equivalent (SWE). Over the spatial domain used in this study, over 96% of the area is microwave retrievable at airborne microwave resolutions, which corresponds to 865% of the total SWE. Alternatively at spacebome PM resolution, 52.8% of the land area and 35.5% of the SWE are microwave retrievable. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Vander Jagt, Benjamin J.; Durand, Michael T.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Vander Jagt, Benjamin J.; Durand, Michael T.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Margulis, Steven A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kim, Edward J.] NASA Goddard Spaceflight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Molotch, Noah P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Molotch, Noah P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Vander Jagt, BJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Molotch, Noah/C-8576-2009 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration NESSFN fellowship [NNX11AL41H]; NASA New Investigator Program [NNX13AB63G]; NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program [NNXIIAK35A] FX This project was funded through the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NESSF fellowship grant NNX11AL41H, NASA New Investigator Program grant NNX13AB63G and NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program grant NNXIIAK35A. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 156 BP 310 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.09.001 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AY4YC UT WOS:000347579900025 ER PT J AU Whitcraft, AK Vemiote, EF Becker-Reshef, I Justice, CO AF Whitcraft, Alyssa K. Vemiote, Eric F. Becker-Reshef, Inbal Justice, Christopher O. TI Cloud cover throughout the agricultural growing season: Impacts on passive optical earth observations SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Cloud cover; Agriculture; MODIS; Earth observations; Optical data; GEOGLAM; Acquisition planning ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER CODE; TERM ACQUISITION PLAN; MODIS DATA; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SATELLITE DATA; VECTOR VERSION; UNITED-STATES; CROP YIELD; MODEL; VALIDATION AB Cloud cover impedes optical satellite remote sensing instruments from obtaining clear views of the Earth's surface. Meanwhile, agriculture is a highly dynamic process, with significant changes in crop biomass and condition often occurring within roughly a week. The Group on Earth Observations Global Agricultural Monitoring (GEOGLAM) Initiative represents international efforts to improve the satellite-based monitoring of agricultural processes at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Within this context, it is necessary to understand how cloud cover impacts the probability of securing reasonably clear views of croplands using passive optical Earth observations as the agricultural growing season progresses. To this end, we employ 10-13 years of twice daily 0.05 degrees MODIS Terra (AM) and Aqua (PM) surface reflectance quality assessment cloud flags to investigate diurnal, geographical, and seasonal (early, mid, late, and non-agricultural growing season) characteristics of cloud cover presence frequency and pervasiveness (amount) over global agricultural areas. To provide insight into the ability of hypothetical missions with two modeled revisit frequencies (f = 2, 4 days) to return reasonably clear views at a rate sufficient to track changes in crop biomass and condition, we show the percentage of 8 day compositing periods throughout the agricultural growing season for which a given clarity requirement (at least 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100% cloud-free) could be met. This research shows that the early and mid-agricultural growing season, which are important periods for crop type area identification and crop yield forecasting, are characterized by both frequent and pervasive cloud extent. Many important agricultural areas during this and other portions of the agricultural growing season are so persistently and pervasively occluded by clouds that less than half of their 8 day composites would be even 70% clear, suggesting that in these areas/time periods, optical, polar-orbiting imaging is not likely to be a viable option for operational monitoring and alternatives (e.g. microwave synthetic aperture radar, SAR) ought to be considered. Further, for most agricultural areas of the world, regardless of seasonality, morning acquisitions are more likely to return reasonably clear views, an important consideration in the planning of future optical, polar-orbiting Earth observing missions with agricultural monitoring science objectives. These results are an important contribution toward the articulation of Earth observation data requirements for global agricultural monitoring. (C)2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Whitcraft, Alyssa K.; Becker-Reshef, Inbal; Justice, Christopher O.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vemiote, Eric F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Informat Syst Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Whitcraft, AK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 Lefrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM alyssakw@umd.edu; eric.f.vermote@nasa.gov; ireshef@hermes.geog.umd.edu; justice@hermes.geog.umd.edu FU NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship [NNX11AL56H]; NASA Applied Sciences [NNX11AQ79G] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NNX11AL56H) and NASA Applied Sciences (NNX11AQ79G) for their support of this work. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 156 BP 438 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.10.009 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AY4YC UT WOS:000347579900036 ER PT J AU Van Den Hoek, J Read, JS Winslow, LA Montesano, P Markfort, CD AF Van Den Hoek, Jamon Read, Jordan S. Winslow, Luke A. Montesano, Paul Markfort, Corey D. TI Examining the utility of satellite-based wind sheltering estimates for lake hydrodynamic modeling SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ASTER; SRTM; Sheltering height; Wind shear; Hydrodynamic modeling; Lake temperature ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; AIRBORNE LIDAR; SRTM DATA; ASTER; DEM; CLIMATE; MISREGISTRATION; RESOLUTION; EMISSIONS; ALTIMETRY AB Satellite-based measurements of vegetation canopy structure have been in common use for the last decade but have never been used to estimate canopy's impact on wind sheltering of individual lakes. Wind sheltering is caused by slower winds in the wake of topography and shoreline obstacles (e.g. forest canopy) and influences heat loss and the flux of wind-driven mixing energy into lakes, which control lake temperatures and indirectly structure lake ecosystem processes, including carbon cycling and thermal habitat partitioning. Lakeshore wind sheltering has often been parameterized by lake surface area but such empirical relationships are only based on forested lakeshores and overlook the contributions of local land cover and terrain to wind sheltering. This study is the first to examine the utility of satellite imagery-derived broad-scale estimates of wind sheltering across a diversity of land covers. Using 30 m spatial resolution ASTER GDEM2 elevation data, the mean sheltering height, h(s), being the combination of local topographic rise and canopy height above the lake surface, is calculated within 100 m-wide buffers surrounding 76,000 lakes in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Uncertainty of GDEM2-derived h(s) was compared to SRTM-, high-resolution G-LiHT lidar-, and ICESat-derived estimates of h(s), respective influences of land cover type and buffer width on h(s), are examined; and the effect of including satellite-based h, on the accuracy of a statewide lake hydrodynamic model was discussed. Though GDEM2 h(s), uncertainty was comparable to or better than other satellite-based measures of h(s), its higher spatial resolution and broader spatial coverage allowed more lakes to be included in modeling efforts. GDEM2 was shown to offer superior utility for estimating h(s), compared to other satellite-derived data, but was limited by its consistent underestimation of h(s), inability to detect within-buffer h(s), variability, and differing accuracy across land cover types. Nonetheless, considering a GDEM2 h(s)-derived wind sheltering potential improved the modeled lake temperature root mean square error for non-forested lakes by 0.72 degrees C compared to a commonly used wind sheltering model based on lake area alone. While results from this study show promise, the liinitations of near-global GDEM2 data in timeliness, temporal and spatial resolution, and vertical accuracy were apparent. As hydrodynamic modeling and high-resolution topographic mapping efforts both expand, future remote sensing-derived vegetation structure data must be improved to meet wind sheltering accuracy requirements to expand our understanding of lake processes. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Van Den Hoek, Jamon] NASA, Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20711 USA. [Read, Jordan S.; Winslow, Luke A.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Winslow, Luke A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Montesano, Paul] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Markfort, Corey D.] Univ Iowa, C Maxwell Stanley Hydraul Lab, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Van Den Hoek, J (reprint author), NASA, Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 618-0,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20711 USA. EM jamon.vandenhoek@nasa.gov; jread@usgs.gov; lwinslow@usgs.gov; paul.m.montesano@nasa.gov; corey-markfort@uiowa.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Center for Integrated Data Analytics; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-95-P]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0941510] FX This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. Additional support provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Center for Integrated Data Analytics, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration (Project F-95-P) and the National Science Foundation (DEB-0941510). ASTER GDEM2 is a product of METI and NASA. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 156 BP 551 EP 560 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.10.024 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AY4YC UT WOS:000347579900045 ER PT J AU Buie, MW Folkner, WM AF Buie, Marc W. Folkner, William M. TI ASTROMETRY OF PLUTO FROM 1930-1951 OBSERVATIONS: THE LAMPLAND PLATE COLLECTION SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; ephemerides; Kuiper belt objects: individual (Pluto); planets and satellites: individual (Pluto) ID HIPPARCOS CATALOG; EPHEMERIDES; SYSTEM; DASCH; EPM AB We present a new analysis of 843 photographic plates of Pluto taken by Carl Lampland at Lowell Observatory from 1930-1951. This large collection of plates contains useful astrometric information that improves our knowledge of Pluto's orbit. This improvement provides critical support to the impending flyby of Pluto by New Horizons. New Horizons can do inbound navigation of the system to improve its targeting. This navigation is capable of nearly eliminating the sky-plane errors but can do little to constrain the time of closest approach. Thus the focus on this work was to better determine Pluto's heliocentric distance and to determine the uncertainty on that distance with a particular eye to eliminating systematic errors that might have been previously unrecognized. This work adds 596 new astrometric measurements based on the USNO CCD Astrograph Catalog 4. With the addition of these data the uncertainty of the estimated heliocentric position of Pluto in Developmental Ephemerides 432 (DE432) is at the level of 1000 km. This new analysis gives us more confidence that these estimations are accurate and are sufficient to support a successful flyby of Pluto by New Horizons. C1 [Buie, Marc W.] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Folkner, William M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Buie, MW (reprint author), Southwest Res Inst, 1050 Walnut St,Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM buie@boulder.swri.edu; william.m.folkner@jpl.nasa.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 149 IS 1 AR 22 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/149/1/22 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY0SY UT WOS:000347308300022 ER PT J AU Hart, AF Cinquini, L Khudikyan, SE Thompson, DR Mattmann, CA Wagstaff, K Lazio, J Jones, D AF Hart, Andrew F. Cinquini, Luca Khudikyan, Shakeh E. Thompson, David R. Mattmann, Chris A. Wagstaff, Kiri Lazio, Joseph Jones, Dayton TI A FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE REVIEW OF CANDIDATE EVENTS IN HIGH DATA RATE STREAMS: THE V-FASTR EXPERIMENT AS A CASE STUDY SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; methods: data analysis; pulsars: general; radio continuum: general ID TRANSITING PLANETS; MULTIPLE SYSTEM; FALSE POSITIVES; KEPLER OBJECTS; STARS; VALIDATION; TELESCOPE; PROGRAM; BINARY AB "Fast radio transients" are defined here as bright millisecond pulses of radio-frequency energy. These short-duration pulses can be produced by known objects such as pulsars or potentially by more exotic objects such as evaporating black holes. The identification and verification of such an event would be of great scientific value. This is one major goal of the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) Fast Transient Experiment (V-FASTR), a software-based detection system installed at the VLBA. V-FASTR uses a "commensal" (piggy-back) approach, analyzing all array data continually during routine VLBA observations and identifying candidate fast transient events. Raw data can be stored from a buffer memory, which enables a comprehensive off-line analysis. This is invaluable for validating the astrophysical origin of any detection. Candidates discovered by the automatic system must be reviewed each day by analysts to identify any promising signals that warrant a more in-depth investigation. To support the timely analysis of fast transient detection candidates by V-FASTR scientists, we have developed a metadata-driven, collaborative candidate review framework. The framework consists of a software pipeline for metadata processing composed of both open source software components and project-specific code written expressly to extract and catalog metadata from the incoming V-FASTR data products, and a web-based data portal that facilitates browsing and inspection of the available metadata for candidate events extracted from the VLBA radio data. C1 [Hart, Andrew F.; Cinquini, Luca; Khudikyan, Shakeh E.; Thompson, David R.; Mattmann, Chris A.; Wagstaff, Kiri; Lazio, Joseph; Jones, Dayton] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hart, AF (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM andrew.f.hart@jpl.nasa.gov OI Wagstaff, Kiri/0000-0003-4401-5506 FU NASA's Science Mission Directorate; STScI [HST-GO-12893.01-A]; NASA [NNX11AD21G]; NSF [AST-0909188]; Pennsylvania State University; Eberly College of Science; Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium; NASA through the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute FX Funding for Kepler, the 10th Discovery mission, was provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. The many people contributing to the development of the Kepler mission are gratefully acknowledged. The individuals who joined as co-investigators on this HST proposal in early 2012 are recognized. Andrea Dupree, Francois Fressin, Matthew Holman, Jack Lissauer, Geoff Marcy, and Jason Rowe contributed directly to development of the proposal, provided extensive background discussion, or assisted in target selection. We thank Jorge Lillo-Box for providing a note about his detection metric for our HST imaging. R.L.G. and K.M.S.C. have been partially supported through grant HST-GO-12893.01-A from STScI. P.K. is grateful for the support from NASA NNX11AD21G and NSF AST-0909188. The Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds is supported by the Pennsylvania State University, the Eberly College of Science, and the Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium. CFOP is funded by NASA through the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. Data presented in this paper were NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 149 IS 1 AR 23 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/149/1/23 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY0SY UT WOS:000347308300023 ER PT J AU Jones, DL Folkner, WM Jacobson, RA Jacobs, CS Dhawan, V Romney, J Fomalont, E AF Jones, Dayton L. Folkner, William M. Jacobson, Robert A. Jacobs, Christopher S. Dhawan, Vivek Romney, Jon Fomalont, Ed TI ASTROMETRY OF CASSINI WITH THE VLBA TO IMPROVE THE SATURN EPHEMERIS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; planets and satellites: individual (Saturn); techniques: interferometric ID CELESTIAL REFERENCE FRAME; BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; RADIO INTERFEROMETRY; SOFTWARE CORRELATOR; SPACECRAFT; POSITION; TRACKING; JUPITER; ARRAY; SYSTEM AB Planetary ephemerides have been developed and improved over centuries. They are a fundamental tool for understanding solar system dynamics, and essential for planetary and small body mass determinations, occultation predictions, high-precision tests of general relativity, pulsar timing, and interplanetary spacecraft navigation. This paper presents recent results from a continuing program of high-precision astrometric very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn, using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). We have previously shown that VLBA measurements can be combined with spacecraft orbit determinations from Doppler and range tracking and VLBI links to the inertial extragalactic reference frame to provide the most accurate barycentric positions currently available for Saturn. Here we report an additional five years of VLBA observations along with improved phase reference source positions, resulting in an improvement in residuals with respect to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's dynamical ephemeris. C1 [Jones, Dayton L.; Folkner, William M.; Jacobson, Robert A.; Jacobs, Christopher S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Dhawan, Vivek; Romney, Jon] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Fomalont, Ed] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Jones, DL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM dayton.jones@jpl.nasa.gov FU Advanced Tracking and Observational Techniques office of JPL's Interplanetary Network Directorate; NASA Planetary Astronomy Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank Larry Teitelbaum for past support of this project through the Advanced Tracking and Observational Techniques office of JPL's Interplanetary Network Directorate, and to the VLBA operations staff at NRAO for their continuing excellent support of these observations. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge support from the NASA Planetary Astronomy Program. We also thank Peter Antreasian and Fred Pelletier at JPL for providing reconstructed Cassini orbit files used for data correlation at NRAO. This work made use of the Swinburne University of Technology software correlator, developed as part of the Australian Major National Research Facilities Programme and operated under license. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 149 IS 1 AR 28 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/149/1/28 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY0SY UT WOS:000347308300026 ER PT J AU Loebman, SR Wisniewski, JP Schmidt, SJ Kowalski, AF Barry, RK Bjorkman, KS Hammel, HB Hawley, SL Hebb, L Kasliwal, MM Lynch, DK Russell, RW Sitko, ML Szkody, P AF Loebman, S. R. Wisniewski, J. P. Schmidt, S. J. Kowalski, A. F. Barry, R. K. Bjorkman, K. S. Hammel, H. B. Hawley, S. L. Hebb, L. Kasliwal, M. M. Lynch, D. K. Russell, R. W. Sitko, M. L. Szkody, P. TI THE CONTINUED OPTICAL TO MID-INFRARED EVOLUTION OF V838 MONOCEROTIS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars: general; stars: individual (V838 Monocerotis); stars: peculiar; stars: variables: general; stars: winds, outflows ID INFRARED TELESCOPE FACILITY; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE; STELLAR MERGER; LIGHT-ECHO; T-DWARFS; SN 2008S; MU-M; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROGRAPH; TRANSIENT AB The eruptive variable V838 Monocerotis (V838 Mon) gained notoriety in 2002 when it brightened nine magnitudes in a series of three outbursts and then rapidly evolved into an extremely cool supergiant. We present optical, near-infrared (near-IR), and mid-IR spectroscopic and photometric observations of V838 Mon obtained between 2008 and 2012 at the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m, NASA IRTF 3 m, and Gemini South 8 m telescopes. We contemporaneously analyze the optical and IR spectroscopic properties of V838 Mon to arrive at a revised spectral type L3 supergiant and effective temperature T-eff similar to 2000-2200 K. Because there are no existing optical observational data for L supergiants, we speculate that V838 Mon may represent the prototype for L supergiants in this wavelength regime. We find a low level of Ha emission present in the system, consistent with interaction between V838 Mon and its B3V binary; however, we cannot rule out a stellar collision as the genesis event, which could result in the observed Ha activity. Based upon a two-component blackbody fit to all wavelengths of our data, we conclude that, as of 2009, a shell of ejecta surrounded V838 Mon at a radius of R = 263 +/- 10 AU with a temperature of T = 285 +/- 2 K. This result is consistent with IR interferometric observations from the same era and predictions from the Lynch et al. model of the expanding system, which provides a simple framework for understanding this complicated system. C1 [Loebman, S. R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wisniewski, J. P.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Schmidt, S. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kowalski, A. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Barry, R. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bjorkman, K. S.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Ritter Observ, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Hammel, H. B.] AURA, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Hawley, S. L.; Szkody, P.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hebb, L.] Hobart & William Smith Coll, Dept Phys, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Kasliwal, M. M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, The Observatories, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Lynch, D. K.; Russell, R. W.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Sitko, M. L.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Loebman, SR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 830 Dennison,500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM sloebman@umich.edu OI Schmidt, Sarah/0000-0002-7224-7702 FU Aerospace Corporation by the Independent Research and Development program; Hubble Fellowship; Carnegie-Princeton Fellowship FX This work is supported at The Aerospace Corporation by the Independent Research and Development program. S.R.L. acknowledges support from the Michigan Society of Fellows. M.M.K. acknowledges generous support from the Hubble Fellowship and Carnegie-Princeton Fellowship. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 149 IS 1 AR 17 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/149/1/17 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY0SY UT WOS:000347308300017 ER PT J AU Broekhoven-Fiene, H Matthews, BC Harvey, PM Gutermuth, RA Huard, TL Tothill, NFH Nutter, D Bourke, TL Di Francesco, J Jorgensen, JK Allen, LE Chapman, NL Cieza, LA Dunham, MM Merin, B Miller, JF Terebey, S Peterson, DE Stapelfeldt, KR AF Broekhoven-Fiene, Hannah Matthews, Brenda C. Harvey, Paul M. Gutermuth, Robert A. Huard, Tracy L. Tothill, Nicholas F. H. Nutter, David Bourke, Tyler L. Di Francesco, James Jorgensen, Jes K. Allen, Lori E. Chapman, Nicholas L. Cieza, Lucas A. Dunham, Michael M. Merin, Bruno Miller, Jennifer F. Terebey, Susan Peterson, Dawn E. Stapelfeldt, Karl R. TI THE SPITZER SURVEY OF INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS IN THE GOULD BELT. VI. THE AURIGA-CALIFORNIA MOLECULAR CLOUD OBSERVED WITH IRAC AND MIPS (vol 786, pg 37, 2014) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Broekhoven-Fiene, Hannah; Matthews, Brenda C.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Matthews, Brenda C.; Di Francesco, James] Natl Res Council Herzberg Astron & Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Harvey, Paul M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Gutermuth, Robert A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Huard, Tracy L.; Miller, Jennifer F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Huard, Tracy L.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Tothill, Nicholas F. H.] Univ Western Sydney, Sch Comp Engn & Math, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. [Nutter, David] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Bourke, Tyler L.; Miller, Jennifer F.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jorgensen, Jes K.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Jorgensen, Jes K.] Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr Star & Planet Format, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Allen, Lori E.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Chapman, Nicholas L.] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Explorat & Res Astrophys, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Chapman, Nicholas L.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Cieza, Lucas A.] Univ Diego Portales, Fac Ingn, Santiago, Chile. [Dunham, Michael M.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Merin, Bruno] ESAC ESA, Herschel Sci Ctr, E-28691 Madrid, Spain. [Terebey, Susan] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron PS315, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Peterson, Dawn E.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Stapelfeldt, Karl R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Broekhoven-Fiene, H (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 3055, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. RI Tothill, Nicholas/M-6379-2016 OI Tothill, Nicholas/0000-0002-9931-5162 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 798 IS 1 AR 65 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/798/1/65 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AX9TO UT WOS:000347245100062 ER PT J AU Ireland, J McAteer, RTJ Inglis, AR AF Ireland, J. McAteer, R. T. J. Inglis, A. R. TI CORONAL FOURIER POWER SPECTRA: IMPLICATIONS FOR CORONAL SEISMOLOGY AND CORONAL HEATING SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods: data analysis; methods: statistical; Sun: corona; Sun: oscillations ID ACTIVE-REGION; SOLAR CORONA; TRANSITION-REGION; INTENSITY OSCILLATIONS; AUTOMATED DETECTION; LOOP OSCILLATIONS; SOHO MISSION; WAVES; FLARE; NANOFLARES AB The dynamics of regions of the solar corona are investigated using Atmospheric Imaging Assembly 171 angstrom and 193 angstrom data. The coronal emission from the quiet Sun, coronal loop footprints, coronal moss, and from above a sunspot is studied. It is shown that the mean Fourier power spectra in these regions can be described by a power law at lower frequencies that tails to a flat spectrum at higher frequencies, plus a Gaussian-shaped contribution that varies depending on the region studied. This Fourier spectral shape is in contrast to the commonly held assumption that coronal time series are well described by the sum of a long timescale background trend plus Gaussian-distributed noise, with some specific locations also showing an oscillatory signal. The implications of the observed spectral shape on the fields of coronal seismology and the automated detection of oscillations in the corona are discussed. The power-law contribution to the shape of the Fourier power spectrum is interpreted as being due to the summation of a distribution of exponentially decaying emission events along the line of sight. This is consistent with the idea that the solar atmosphere is heated everywhere by small energy deposition events. C1 [Ireland, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ADNET Syst Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McAteer, R. T. J.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Inglis, A. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Inglis, A. R.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20664 USA. RP Ireland, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ADNET Syst Inc, MC 671-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jack.ireland@nasa.gov FU NASA [NNX13AE03G S01, NNH12ZDA001N-SHP]; NSF [1255024] FX We are grateful to the developers of SSWIDL (Freeland & Handy 1998), IPython (Prez & Granger 2007), SunPy (Mumford et al. 2013), PyMC (Patil et al. 2010), matplotlib (Hunter 2007), and the Scientific Python stack for providing data preparation, manipulation, analysis, and display packages. This work was supported by NASA award NNX13AE03G S01 funded through NASA ROSES NNH12ZDA001N-SHP, and by an NSF Career grant 1255024 (JMA). NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 798 IS 1 AR 1 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/798/1/1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AX9TO UT WOS:000347245100001 ER PT J AU Chilcote, J Barman, T Fitzgerald, MP Graham, JR Larkin, JE Macintosh, B Bauman, B Burrows, AS Cardwell, A De Rosa, RJ Dillon, D Doyon, R Dunn, J Erikson, D Gavel, D Goodsell, SJ Hartung, M Hibon, P Ingraham, P Kalas, P Konopacky, Q Maire, J Marchis, F Marley, MS Marois, C Millar-Blanchaer, M Morzinski, K Norton, A Oppenheimer, R Palmer, D Patience, J Perrin, M Poyneer, L Pueyo, L Rantakyro, FT Sadakuni, N Saddlemyer, L Savransky, D Serio, A Sivaramakrishnan, A Song, I Soummer, R Thomas, S Wallace, JK Wiktorowicz, S Wolff, S AF Chilcote, Jeffrey Barman, Travis Fitzgerald, Michael P. Graham, James R. Larkin, James E. Macintosh, Bruce Bauman, Brian Burrows, Adam S. Cardwell, Andrew De Rosa, Robert J. Dillon, Daren Doyon, Rene Dunn, Jennifer Erikson, Darren Gavel, Donald Goodsell, Stephen J. Hartung, Markus Hibon, Pascale Ingraham, Patrick Kalas, Paul Konopacky, Quinn Maire, Jerome Marchis, Franck Marley, Mark S. Marois, Christian Millar-Blanchaer, Max Morzinski, Katie Norton, Andrew Oppenheimer, Rebecca Palmer, David Patience, Jennifer Perrin, Marshall Poyneer, Lisa Pueyo, Laurent Rantakyroe, Fredrik T. Sadakuni, Naru Saddlemyer, Leslie Savransky, Dmitry Serio, Andrew Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Song, Inseok Soummer, Remi Thomas, Sandrine Wallace, J. Kent Wiktorowicz, Sloane Wolff, Schuyler TI THE FIRST H-BAND SPECTRUM OF THE GIANT PLANET beta PICTORIS b SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE infrared: general; instrumentation: adaptive optics; planetary systems; stars: individual (beta Pictoris); techniques: spectroscopic ID DWARF CANDIDATE MEMBER; DIRECTLY IMAGED PLANET; LOW-MASS STARS; BROWN DWARFS; DUST DISK; CONFIRMATION; ATMOSPHERE; EXOPLANET; SPECTROSCOPY; ASYMMETRIES AB Using the recently installed Gemini Planet Imager (GPI), we have obtained the first H-band spectrum of the planetary companion to the nearby young star beta Pictoris. GPI is designed to image and provide low-resolution spectra of Jupiter-sized, self-luminous planetary companions around young nearby stars. These observations were taken covering the H band (1.65 mu m). The spectrum has a resolving power of similar to 45 and demonstrates the distinctive triangular shape of a cool substellar object with low surface gravity. Using atmospheric models, we find an effective temperature of 1600-1700K and a surface gravity of log(g) = 3.5-4.5 (cgs units). These values agree well with "hot-start" predictions from planetary evolution models for a gas giant with mass between 10 and 12 M-Jup and age between 10 and 20 Myr. C1 [Chilcote, Jeffrey; Fitzgerald, Michael P.; Larkin, James E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Chilcote, Jeffrey; Konopacky, Quinn; Maire, Jerome; Millar-Blanchaer, Max] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Barman, Travis] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Graham, James R.; Kalas, Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce; Ingraham, Patrick] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce; Bauman, Brian; Palmer, David; Poyneer, Lisa] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Burrows, Adam S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Cardwell, Andrew; Hartung, Markus; Hibon, Pascale; Rantakyroe, Fredrik T.; Sadakuni, Naru; Serio, Andrew] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [De Rosa, Robert J.; Patience, Jennifer] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [De Rosa, Robert J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Dillon, Daren; Gavel, Donald; Norton, Andrew] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Doyon, Rene] Univ Montreal, Observ Mt Megant, Montreal, PQ H3T 1J4, Canada. [Doyon, Rene] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3T 1J4, Canada. [Dunn, Jennifer; Erikson, Darren; Marois, Christian; Saddlemyer, Leslie] Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Goodsell, Stephen J.] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Marchis, Franck] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Marley, Mark S.; Thomas, Sandrine] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Morzinski, Katie] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Oppenheimer, Rebecca; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Perrin, Marshall; Pueyo, Laurent; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand; Soummer, Remi] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Song, Inseok] Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Wallace, J. Kent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wiktorowicz, Sloane] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wolff, Schuyler] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Chilcote, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jchilcote@astro.ucla.edu RI Fitzgerald, Michael/C-2642-2009; Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014; OI Fitzgerald, Michael/0000-0002-0176-8973; Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Oppenheimer, Rebecca/0000-0001-7130-7681 FU Gemini Observatory; NSF Center for Adaptive Optics at UC Santa Cruz; NSF [AST-0909188, AST-1211562, AST-1405505]; NASA [NNX11AD21G, NNX10AH31G, NNX14AC21G]; University of California Office of the President [LFRP-118057]; Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/H002707/1]; Dunlap Institute, University of Toronto; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory; NASA Exoplanet Science Institute FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Gemini Observatory, the NSF Center for Adaptive Optics at UC Santa Cruz, the NSF (AST-0909188; AST-1211562, AST-1405505), NASA Origins (NNX11AD21G; NNX10AH31G, NNX14AC21G), the University of California Office of the President (LFRP-118057), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/H002707/1), and the Dunlap Institute, University of Toronto. Portions of this work were performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and under contract with the California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. We are indebted to the international team of engineers and scientists who worked to make GPI a reality. NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 798 IS 1 AR L3 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/798/1/L3 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY3CN UT WOS:000347462300003 ER PT J AU Tollerud, EJ Geha, MC Grcevich, J Putman, ME Stern, D AF Tollerud, Erik J. Geha, Marla C. Grcevich, Jana Putman, Mary E. Stern, Daniel TI TWO LOCAL VOLUME DWARF GALAXIES DISCOVERED IN 21 cm EMISSION: PISCES A AND B SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: dwarf; galaxies: individual (Pisces A, B); Local Group; radio lines: galaxies ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MILKY-WAY SATELLITES; ALFALFA DISCOVERY; H I; DATA RELEASE; CATALOG; TOO AB We report the discovery of two dwarf galaxies, Pisces A and B, from a blind 21 cm Hi search. These were the only two galaxies found via optical imaging and spectroscopy of 22 Hi clouds identified in the GALFA-H I survey as dwarf galaxy candidates. They have properties consistent with being in the Local Volume (<10 Mpc), and one has resolved stellar populations such that it may be on the outer edge of the Local Group (similar to 1 Mpc from M31). While the distance uncertainty makes interpretation ambiguous, these may be among the faintest star-forming galaxies known. Additionally, rough estimates comparing these galaxies to Lambda CDM dark matter simulations suggest consistency in number density, implying that the dark matter halos likely to host these galaxies are primarily Hi-rich. The galaxies may thus be indicative of a large population of dwarfs at the limit of detectability that are comparable to the faint satellites of the Local Group. Because they are outside the influence of a large dark matter halo to alter their evolution, these galaxies can provide critical anchors to dwarf galaxy formation models. C1 [Tollerud, Erik J.; Geha, Marla C.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Grcevich, Jana] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Putman, Mary E.] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Stern, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tollerud, EJ (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Astron, POB 208101, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM erik.tollerud@yale.edu; marla.geha@yale.edu; jgrcevich@amnh.org; mputman@astro.columbia.edu; daniel.k.stern@jpl.nasa.gov OI Tollerud, Erik/0000-0002-9599-310X; Putman, Mary/0000-0002-1129-1873; Grcevich, Jana/0000-0002-6521-1920 FU NASA [51316.01, NAS 5-26555]; Space Telescope Science Institute; NSF [AST-1410800] FX Support for E.J.T. was provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant No. 51316.01 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. M.E.P. acknowledges support by NSF grant No. AST-1410800. Some of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 798 IS 1 AR L21 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/798/1/L21 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY3CN UT WOS:000347462300021 ER PT J AU Yang, H Apai, D Marley, MS Saumon, D Morley, CV Buenzli, E Artigau, E Radigan, J Metchev, S Burgasser, AJ Mohanty, S Lowrance, PJ Showman, AP Karalidi, T Flateau, D Heinze, AN AF Yang, Hao Apai, Daniel Marley, Mark S. Saumon, Didier Morley, Caroline V. Buenzli, Esther Artigau, Etienne Radigan, Jacqueline Metchev, Stanimir Burgasser, Adam J. Mohanty, Subhanjoy Lowrance, Patrick J. Showman, Adam P. Karalidi, Theodora Flateau, Davin Heinze, Aren N. TI HST ROTATIONAL SPECTRAL MAPPING OF TWO L-TYPE BROWN DWARFS: VARIABILITY IN AND OUT OF WATER BANDS INDICATES HIGH-ALTITUDE HAZE LAYERS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE brown dwarfs; stars: atmospheres; stars: individual (2MASS J18212815+1414010, 2MASS J15074769-1627386, 2MASS J01365662+0933473); stars: low-mass ID VERY-LOW MASS; T DWARFS; EVOLVING WEATHER; I. DETECTION; ATMOSPHERES; TRANSITION; DUST; PLANETS; PATCHY; CLOUDS AB We present time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy of two L5 dwarfs, 2MASS J18212815+1414010 and 2MASS J15074759-1627386, observed with the Wide Field Camera 3 instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We study the wavelength dependence of rotation-modulated flux variations between 1.1 mu m and 1.7 mu m. We find that the water absorption bands of the two L5 dwarfs at 1.15 mu m and 1.4 mu m vary at similar amplitudes as the adjacent continuum. This differs from the results of previous HST observations of L/T transition dwarfs, in which the water absorption at 1.4 mu m displays variations of about half of the amplitude at other wavelengths. We find that the relative amplitude of flux variability out of the water band with respect to that in the water band shows a increasing trend from the L5 dwarfs toward the early T dwarfs. We utilize the models of Saumon & Marley and find that the observed variability of the L5 dwarfs can be explained by the presence of spatially varying high-altitude haze layers above the condensate clouds. Therefore, our observations show that the heterogeneity of haze layers-the driver of the variability-must be located at very low pressures, where even the water opacity is negligible. In the near future, the rotational spectral mapping technique could be utilized for other atomic and molecular species to probe different pressure levels in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs and exoplanets and uncover both horizontal and vertical cloud structures. C1 [Yang, Hao; Apai, Daniel; Karalidi, Theodora] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Apai, Daniel; Showman, Adam P.; Flateau, Davin] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Marley, Mark S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Naval Air Stn, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Saumon, Didier] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Morley, Caroline V.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Buenzli, Esther] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Artigau, Etienne] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Radigan, Jacqueline] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Metchev, Stanimir] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Burgasser, Adam J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mohanty, Subhanjoy] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Lowrance, Patrick J.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Heinze, Aren N.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Yang, H (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, 933 North Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM haoyang@email.arizona.edu RI Yang, Hao/F-8396-2014; OI Yang, Hao/0000-0002-9423-2333; Marley, Mark/0000-0002-5251-2943; Buenzli, Esther/0000-0003-3306-1486; Metchev, Stanimir/0000-0003-3050-8203 FU NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech; NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute [13176, 13280.06-A]; NASA [NAS5-26555]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) FX This work is part of the Spitzer Cycle-9 Exploration Program Extrasolar Storms. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. Support for HST GO programs 13176 and 13280.06-A was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. We acknowledge the outstanding help of Patricia Royle (STScI) and the Spitzer Science Center staff, especially Nancy Silbermann, for coordinating the HST and Spitzer observations. E.B. is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 798 IS 1 AR L13 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/798/1/L13 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY3CN UT WOS:000347462300013 ER PT J AU Schmidt, GA AF Schmidt, Gavin A. TI What should climate scientists advocate for? SO BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS LA English DT Article DE advocacy; climate change; climate scientists; politicization; public communication; scientization AB In recent years, with the rise of social media, many more scientists are becoming public communicators. In politicized fields such as climate science, these communications can attract disproportionate attention. The author argues that public statements in such a situation are inevitably advocacy for some position, view, or outcome. However, rather than suggesting that scientists avoid advocacy in a misplaced attempt to remain objective, he recommends that scientists be explicit about the combination of values and science that drives their views, and discusses the ways scientists can ensure that their advocacy remains responsible. C1 [Schmidt, Gavin A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Schmidt, GA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0096-3402 EI 1938-3282 J9 B ATOM SCI JI Bull. Atom. Scient. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 71 IS 1 BP 70 EP 74 DI 10.1177/0096340214563677 PG 5 WC International Relations; Social Issues SC International Relations; Social Issues GA AY0ZC UT WOS:000347322200009 ER PT J AU Crawford, CJ AF Crawford, Christopher J. TI MODIS Terra Collection 6 fractional snow cover validation in mountainous terrain during spring snowmelt using Landsat TM and ETM SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE MODIS Terra; Landsat TM; Landsat ETM; snow cover; validation; mountains ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; THEMATIC MAPPER; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; SATELLITE DATA; OPTICAL-DATA; RIVER-BASIN; CLIMATE; MAPS; AREA; ACCURACY AB Daily swath MODIS Terra Collection 6 fractional snow cover (MOD10_L2) estimates were validated with two-day Landsat TM/ETM+snow-covered area estimates across central Idaho and southwestern Montana, USA. Snow cover maps during spring snowmelt for 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009 were compared between MODIS Terra and Landsat TM/ETM+using least-squared regression. Strong spatial and temporal map agreement was found between MODIS Terra fractional snow cover and Landsat TM/ETM+snow-covered area, although map disagreement was observed for two validation dates. High-altitude cirrus cloud contamination during low snow conditions as well as late season transient snowfall resulted in map disagreement. MODIS Terra's spatial resolution limits retrieval of thin-patchy snow cover, especially during partially cloudy conditions. Landsat's image acquisition frequency can introduce difficulty when discriminating between transient and resident mountain snow cover. Furthermore, transient snowfall later in the snowmelt season, which is a stochastic accumulation event that does not usually persist beyond the daily timescale, will skew decadal snow-covered area variability if bi-monthly climate data record development is the objective. As a quality control step, ground-based daily snow telemetry snow-water-equivalent measurements can be used to verify transient snowfall events. Users of daily MODIS Terra fractional snow products should be aware that local solar illumination and sensor viewing geometry might influence fractional snow cover estimation in mountainous terrain. Cross-sensor interoperability has been confirmed between MODIS Terra and Landsat TM/ETM+when mapping snow from the visible/infrared spectrum. This relationship is strong and supports operational multi-sensor snow cover mapping, specifically climate data record development to expand cryosphere, climate, and hydrological science applications. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Crawford, CJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM christopher.j.crawford@nasa.gov FU NASA [NNX10A073H] FX A NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship grant number NNX10A073H funded this research. I would like to thank George Riggs for supplying MODIS Terra C6 FSC products and constructive feedback during manuscript preparation. I would like to thank Dorothy Hall for helpful comments on experimental design and validation. I am also grateful for anonymous reviewer comments. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 1 BP 128 EP 138 DI 10.1002/hyp.10134 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AX1KC UT WOS:000346705000012 ER PT J AU Saleeb, AF Dhakal, B Dilibal, S Owusu-Danquah, JS Padula, SA AF Saleeb, A. F. Dhakal, B. Dilibal, S. Owusu-Danquah, J. S. Padula, S. A., II TI On the modeling of the thermo-mechanical responses of four different classes of NiTi-based shape memory materials using a general multi-mechanism framework SO MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE NiTi shape memory alloys; Material modeling; Superelastic behavior; Pseudoplastic behavior; Evolution; Thermal cycles ID EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSE; POLYCRYSTALLINE NITI; DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR; RESIDUAL STRAIN; PART I; ALLOY; TEMPERATURE; DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; PHASE AB The properties of a shape memory alloy (SMA) have been shown to be highly dependent on the chemical composition and thermo-mechanical processing applied to the material. These differences dictate the degree of superelasticity, pseudoplasticity, shape memory effect, and evolution under mechanical/thermal loading cycles, that is observed in the material. Understanding and utilizing these unique phenomena has become essential in many engineering applications. It is, therefore, important to provide two key ingredients in any SMA constitutive model; (i) a sufficiently comprehensive scope in the mathematical formulation to handle different classes of SMA materials; and (ii) a general model parameterization derived from fundamental tests that can be used for a specific SMA as intended for use in a given application. The present work is aimed at a detailed investigation of the interaction aspects between the above items (i) and (ii) in the context of using a recent three-dimensional, multimechanism-based SMA framework to model the experimentally measured responses of four different classes of SMA materials: (a) a commercial superelastic NiTi, (b) a powder metallurgically-processed NiTi-based SMA material, (c) a commercial Ni49.9Ti50.1 actuation material, and (d) a high-temperature Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 alloy. To facilitate the parameterization task, the model parameters are classified into two groups, i.e., (1) fixed parameters that are designed to capture the non-linear, hysteretic response under any thermo-mechanical loading condition, and (2) a set of functionally dependent material parameters which account for a number of refinements including asymmetry in tension and compression responses, temperature- and stress-state dependencies, etc. The results of the work showed that the complexity of the characterization is dependent on the SMA feature exploited by the specific application intended, which in turn dictates the amount and type of test data required to accurately predict a given application response. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Saleeb, A. F.; Dhakal, B.; Dilibal, S.; Owusu-Danquah, J. S.] Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Padula, S. A., II] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Saleeb, AF (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM saleeb@uakron.edu FU NASA GRC; Fundamental Aeronautics Program; Subsonic; Fixed-Wing [NNH10ZEA001N-SFW1, NNX11AI57A] FX This work was supported by NASA GRC, the Fundamental Aeronautics Program, Subsonic, Fixed-Wing, Project No. NNH10ZEA001N-SFW1, Grant No.: NNX11AI57A to the University of Akron. The authors would like to acknowledge Drs. S.M. Arnold and Ronald Noebe for their technical guidance and programmatic support during the different phases of the project. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6636 EI 1872-7743 J9 MECH MATER JI Mech. Mater. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 80 BP 67 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.mechmat.2014.09.001 PN A PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA AY3OP UT WOS:000347493100006 ER PT J AU Rieffel, EG Venturelli, D O'Gorman, B Do, MB Prystay, EM Smelyanskiy, VN AF Rieffel, Eleanor G. Venturelli, Davide O'Gorman, Bryan Do, Minh B. Prystay, Elicia M. Smelyanskiy, Vadim N. TI A case study in programming a quantum annealer for hard operational planning problems SO QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Quantum computation; Quantum annealing keyword; Operational planning ID OPTIMIZATION; COMPUTATION; GRAPH AB We report on a case study in programming an early quantum annealer to attack optimization problems related to operational planning. While a number of studies have looked at the performance of quantum annealers on problems native to their architecture, and others have examined performance of select problems stemming from an application area, ours is one of the first studies of a quantum annealer's performance on parametrized families of hard problems from a practical domain. We explore two different general mappings of planning problems to quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems, and apply them to two parametrized families of planning problems, navigation-type and scheduling-type. We also examine two more compact, but problem-type specific, mappings to QUBO, one for the navigation-type planning problems and one for the scheduling-type planning problems. We study embedding properties and parameter setting and examine their effect on the efficiency with which the quantum annealer solves these problems. From these results, we derive insights useful for the programming and design of future quantum annealers: problem choice, the mapping used, the properties of the embedding, and the annealing profile all matter, each significantly affecting the performance. C1 [Rieffel, Eleanor G.; Venturelli, Davide; O'Gorman, Bryan; Do, Minh B.; Prystay, Elicia M.; Smelyanskiy, Vadim N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94025 USA. RP Rieffel, EG (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94025 USA. EM eleanor.rieffel@nasa.gov; davide.venturelli@nasa.gov; bryan.a.ogorman@nasa.gov; minh.do@nasa.gov; elicia.m.prystay@nasa.gov; vadim.n.smelyanskiy@nasa.gov FU Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI); Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) [IAA 145483]; AFRL Information Directorate [F4HBKC4162G001]; NASA Advanced Exploration Systems program; NASA Ames Research Center FX The authors are grateful to Jeremy Frank, Alejandro Perdomo-Ortiz, Sergey Knysh, Itay Hen, Ross Beyer, and Chris Henze for helpful discussions, and to D-Wave for technical support and for discussions related to the calibration issue and our results before and after. This work was supported in part by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), via IAA 145483; by the AFRL Information Directorate under grant F4HBKC4162G001. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of ODNI, IARPA, AFRL, or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purpose notwithstanding any copyright annotation thereon. The authors also would like to acknowledge support from the NASA Advanced Exploration Systems program and NASA Ames Research Center. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1570-0755 EI 1573-1332 J9 QUANTUM INF PROCESS JI Quantum Inf. Process. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s11128-014-0892-x PG 36 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA AY4FL UT WOS:000347533600001 ER PT J AU Qian, Y Yasunari, TJ Doherty, SJ Flanner, MG Lau, WKM Ming, J Wang, HL Wang, M Warren, SG Zhang, RD AF Qian, Yun Yasunari, Teppei J. Doherty, Sarah J. Flanner, Mark G. Lau, William K. M. Ming Jing Wang, Hailong Wang, Mo Warren, Stephen G. Zhang, Rudong TI Light-absorbing Particles in Snow and Ice: Measurement and Modeling of Climatic and Hydrological impact SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE light-absorbing; aerosol; snow; ice; albedo; measurement; climate; modeling; hydrological cycle ID BLACK CARBON DEPOSITION; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; THERMAL-OPTICAL ANALYSIS; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; SIERRA-NEVADA SNOW; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; TIBETAN PLATEAU; ELEMENTAL CARBON; ARCTIC SNOW AB Light absorbing particles (LAP, e.g., black carbon, brown carbon, and dust) influence water and energy budgets of the atmosphere and snowpack in multiple ways. In addition to their effects associated with atmospheric heating by absorption of solar radiation and interactions with clouds, LAP in snow on land and ice can reduce the surface reflectance (a.k.a., surface darkening), which is likely to accelerate the snow aging process and further reduces snow albedo and increases the speed of snowpack melt. LAP in snow and ice (LAPSI) has been identified as one of major forcings affecting climate change, e.g. in the fourth and fifth assessment reports of IPCC. However, the uncertainty level in quantifying this effect remains very high. In this review paper, we document various technical methods of measuring LAPSI and review the progress made in measuring the LAPSI in Arctic, Tibetan Plateau and other mid-latitude regions. We also report the progress in modeling the mass concentrations, albedo reduction, radiative forcing, and climatic and hydrological impact of LAPSI at global and regional scales. Finally we identify some research needs for reducing the uncertainties in the impact of LAPSI on global and regional climate and the hydrological cycle. C1 [Qian, Yun; Wang, Hailong; Wang, Mo; Zhang, Rudong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Yasunari, Teppei J.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Yasunari, Teppei J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Doherty, Sarah J.; Warren, Stephen G.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Flanner, Mark G.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lau, William K. M.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Lau, William K. M.; Ming Jing] NASA, Earth Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Wang, Mo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Tibetan Environm Changes & Land Surface P, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Rudong] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. RP Qian, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yun.qian@pnnl.gov RI qian, yun/E-1845-2011; Flanner, Mark/C-6139-2011; Doherty, Sarah/D-5592-2015; Yasunari, Teppei/E-5374-2010; Wang, Hailong/B-8061-2010; Lau, William /E-1510-2012; OI Flanner, Mark/0000-0003-4012-174X; Doherty, Sarah/0000-0002-7796-6968; Yasunari, Teppei/0000-0002-9896-9404; Wang, Hailong/0000-0002-1994-4402; Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691; Ming, Jing/0000-0001-5527-3768 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research, Earth System Modeling Program; NSF [1253154]; China Scholarship Fund; DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO1830]; NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) Program by the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters FX This study was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research, as part of the Earth System Modeling Program. The NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) Program by the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters supported the work contributed by Teppei J. YASUNARI and William K. M. LAU. The NASA GEOS-5 simulation was implemented in the system for NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS). M. G. Flanner was partially supported by NSF 1253154. R. ZHANG acknowledges support from the China Scholarship Fund. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830. NR 226 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 14 U2 76 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 32 IS 1 BP 64 EP 91 DI 10.1007/s00376-014-0010-0 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AY0JJ UT WOS:000347282700005 ER PT J AU Pilcher, CB AF Pilcher, Carl B. TI Explorer, Nobel Laureate, Astrobiologist: Things You Never Knew about Barry Blumberg SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrobiol Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Pilcher, CB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrobiol Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM cpilcher47@gmail.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 EI 1557-8070 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1089/ast.2013.1401 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA AY8DY UT WOS:000347785800001 PM 25470005 ER PT J AU Noell, AC Ely, T Bolser, DK Darrach, H Hodyss, R Johnson, PV Hein, JD Ponce, A AF Noell, Aaron C. Ely, Tucker Bolser, Diana K. Darrach, Halley Hodyss, Robert Johnson, Paul V. Hein, Jeffrey D. Ponce, Adrian TI Spectroscopy and Viability of Bacillus subtilis Spores after Ultraviolet Irradiation: Implications for the Detection of Potential Bacterial Life on Europa SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM DIPICOLINATE TRIHYDRATE; SOLAR-SYSTEM BODIES; FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTRA; AMINO-ACIDS; PHOTODISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; LOW-TEMPERATURES; IDENTIFICATION; SPACE AB One of the most habitable environments in the Solar System outside of Earth may exist underneath the ice on Europa. In the near future, our best chance to look for chemical signatures of a habitable environment (or life itself) will likely be at the inhospitable icy surface. Therefore, it is important to understand the ability of organic signatures of life and life itself to persist under simulated europan surface conditions. Toward that end, this work examined the UV photolysis of Bacillus subtilis spores and their chemical marker dipicolinic acid (DPA) at temperatures and pressures relevant to Europa. In addition, inactivation curves for the spores at 100 K, 100 K covered in one micron of ice, and 298 K were measured to determine the probability for spore survival at the surface. Fourier transform infrared spectra of irradiated DPA showed a loss of carboxyl groups to CO2 as expected but unexpectedly showed significant opening of the heterocyclic ring, even for wavelengths >200 nm. Both DPA and B. subtilis spores showed identical unknown spectral bands of photoproducts after irradiation, further highlighting the importance of DPA in the photochemistry of spores. Spore survival was enhanced at 100 K by similar to 5x relative to 298 K, but 99.9% of spores were still inactivated after the equivalent of similar to 25 h of exposure on the europan surface. Key Words: Bacillus subtilis-DPA-Viability-Icy worlds-Europa. Astrobiology 15, 20-31. C1 NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Pasadena, CA USA. [Johnson, Paul V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Johnson, PV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Paul.V.Johnson@jpl.nasa.gov RI Hein, Jeffrey/A-7171-2013; Johnson, Paul/D-4001-2009 OI Johnson, Paul/0000-0002-0186-8456 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA Astrobiology Institute (Icy Worlds) FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We acknowledge support from the NASA Astrobiology Institute (Icy Worlds). Government sponsorship is acknowledged. NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 48 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 EI 1557-8070 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 20 EP 31 DI 10.1089/ast.2014.1169 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA AY8DY UT WOS:000347785800003 PM 25590531 ER PT J AU Luger, R Barnes, R Lopez, E Fortney, J Jackson, B Meadows, V AF Luger, R. Barnes, R. Lopez, E. Fortney, J. Jackson, B. Meadows, V. TI Habitable Evaporated Cores: Transforming Mini-Neptunes into Super-Earths in the Habitable Zones of M Dwarfs SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; TIDAL EVOLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; DETERMINISTIC MODEL; ORBITAL EVOLUTION; THERMAL ESCAPE; OCEAN-PLANETS; GIANT PLANETS AB We show that photoevaporation of small gaseous exoplanets ("mini-Neptunes") in the habitable zones of M dwarfs can remove several Earth masses of hydrogen and helium from these planets and transform them into potentially habitable worlds. We couple X-ray/extreme ultraviolet (XUV)-driven escape, thermal evolution, tidal evolution, and orbital migration to explore the types of systems that may harbor such "habitable evaporated cores" (HECs). We find that HECs are most likely to form from planets with similar to 1 M-circle plus solid cores with up to about 50% H/He by mass, though whether or not a given mini-Neptune forms a HEC is highly dependent on the early XUV evolution of the host star. As terrestrial planet formation around M dwarfs by accumulation of local material is likely to form planets that are small and dry, evaporation of small migrating mini-Neptunes could be one of the dominant formation mechanisms for volatile-rich Earths around these stars. Key Words: Astrobiology-Extrasolar terrestrial planets-Habitability-Planetary atmospheres-Tides. Astrobiology 15, 57-88. C1 [Luger, R.; Barnes, R.; Meadows, V.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Luger, R.; Barnes, R.; Meadows, V.] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Virtual Planetary Lab, Lead Team, Houston, TX USA. [Lopez, E.; Fortney, J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Jackson, B.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Luger, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rodluger@uw.edu FU NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planet Laboratory [NNA13AA93A]; ARCS Seattle chapter FX We wish to thank Russell Deitrick, Eric Agol, and the rest of the VPL team for their insightful suggestions and many rich discussions. We also wish to thank two anonymous referees for their excellent comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planet Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement solicitation NNA13AA93A and by a generous fellowship from the ARCS Seattle chapter. NR 120 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 15 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 EI 1557-8070 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 57 EP 88 DI 10.1089/ast.2014.1215 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA AY8DY UT WOS:000347785800005 PM 25590532 ER PT J AU Neal, CR Donohue, P Fagan, AL O'Sullivan, K Oshrin, J Roberts, S AF Neal, Clive R. Donohue, Patrick Fagan, Amy L. O'Sullivan, Katie Oshrin, Jocelyn Roberts, Sarah TI Distinguishing between basalts produced by endogenic volcanism and impact processes: A non-destructive method using quantitative petrography of lunar basaltic samples SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL SIZE-DISTRIBUTION; SIDEROPHILE ELEMENT SYSTEMATICS; APOLLO 12 SITE; MARE BASALTS; DISTRIBUTION CSD; OSMIUM ISOTOPE; LATE ACCRETION; ROCKS; MOON; ORIGIN AB Impact processes play an important role in shaping and reshaping the surfaces of airless planetary bodies. Such processes produce regoliths and generate melts that crystallize and record the homogenization of the geology at the impact site. If the volume of melt is substantial, the resultant crystallized product has an igneous texture and may be free of xenolithic clasts making it difficult to distinguish from melts produced by endogenic magmatic processes. This has been clearly demonstrated during the return of the Apollo samples from the Moon, where Apollo 14 basalt 14310 was initially described as a mare basalt and was only subsequently reclassified as an impact melt following detailed and time consuming crystallization experiments. Another way of distinguishing lunar impact melts from endogenically-derived mare basalts is through the quantification of the highly siderophile elements (HSE: Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, Pt, Os), which have relatively low abundances in pristine lunar samples but are high in meteorites and, therefore, may be enriched in impact melts. However, these analyses consume relatively large quantities of valuable sample and because of mass constraints cannot be performed on many lunar samples. In this paper we present a quantitative petrographic method that has the potential to distinguish lunar impact melts from endogenically-derived mare basalts using plagioclase and olivine crystal size distributions (CSDs). The slopes and intercepts of these CSDs are used to show that olivine from impact melts displays a steeper CSD relative to olivine from mare basalts. For plagioclase, generally impacts melts display CSDs with shallower gradients than those from endogenous mare basalts and, as for olivines, plot in a distinct field on a CSD slope vs. CSD intercept plot. Using just a thin section to distinguish impact melts from mare basalts enables the goals of future robotic sample return missions to determine the age of the South Pole-Aitken basin in the Moon, because such missions will potentially only return small (2-4 mm) "rocklets" for analysis, obviating HSE analyses for impact melt identification. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Neal, Clive R.; Donohue, Patrick; Fagan, Amy L.; O'Sullivan, Katie; Oshrin, Jocelyn; Roberts, Sarah] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Env Eng & Earth Sci, Dept Civil Eng & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Neal, Clive R.; Donohue, Patrick; Fagan, Amy L.; O'Sullivan, Katie; Roberts, Sarah] NASA, Lunar Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Neal, Clive R.; Fagan, Amy L.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Ctr Lunar Sci & Explorat, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Neal, CR (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Env Eng & Earth Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM neal.1@nd.edu RI Donohue, Patrick/K-1072-2013 OI Donohue, Patrick/0000-0002-9904-1309 FU NASA Cosmochemistry [NNG06-GF11G, NNX09AB92G]; NASA Lunar Science Institute contract to the Center for Lunar Science; Exploration at the Lunar and Planetary Institute; Houston with a subcontract to the University of Notre Dame (USRA) [02173-05]; Wolf Uwe Reimold FX This study has resulted from support to CRN through NASA Cosmochemistry Grants NNG06-GF11G and NNX09AB92G and through the NASA Lunar Science Institute contract to the Center for Lunar Science and Exploration at the Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston with a subcontract to the University of Notre Dame (USRA sub #02173-05). Thoughtful and extremely helpful reviews from Wolf Uwe Reimold, an anonymous reviewer, and Associate Editor Christian Koeberl dramatically improved this manuscript, and the authors extend their gratitude to these people. Finally, thanks to the Apollo astronauts for collecting such an impressive sample collection, and to all the support personnel involved in making human space exploration a reality. NR 116 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 148 BP 62 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.gea.2014.08.020 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AX1ZW UT WOS:000346743900005 ER PT J AU Velbel, MA Tonui, EK Zolensky, ME AF Velbel, Michael A. Tonui, Eric K. Zolensky, Michael E. TI Replacement of olivine by serpentine in the Queen Alexandra Range 93005 carbonaceous chondrite (CM2): Reactant-product compositional relations, and isovolumetric constraints on reaction stoichiometry and elemental mobility during aqueous alteration SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ITOKAWA DUST PARTICLES; FINE-GRAINED RIMS; COMET 81P/WILD 2; PARENT BODIES; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; SURFACE CONDITIONS; ALMANDINE GARNET; MELTED GRAINS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; TAGISH LAKE AB Isovolumetric replacement of euhedral and anhedral olivine by serpentine produced both centripetal and meshwork textures in the CM2 chondrites ALH 81002 and Nogoya. The compositions of these textural varieties of serpentine are uniform within narrow limits within each previously studied meteorite, independent of the composition of olivine being replaced, and different between the two meteorites. In QUE 93005 (CM2), coarse olivines of widely varying compositions (Fo(<76-99)) are replaced in a texturally similar manner by compositionally uniform serpentine (Mg0.73 +/- 0.05Fe0.27 +/- 0.05)(3)Si2O5(OH)(4). The narrow compositional range of serpentine replacing coarse olivine indicates that the aqueous solution from which the serpentine formed was compositionally uniform on scales at least as large as the meteorite (similar to 2.5 cm in longest dimension). Isovolumetric textures and compositional observations constrain elemental redistribution from coarse olivine to serpentine and to surrounding phases during serpentinization. Regardless of olivine's composition, isovolumetric replacement of coarse olivines by serpentine of the observed composition released more Mg and Si from olivine than was required to form the serpentine. Excess Mg and Si released by olivine destruction and not retained in serpentine were exported from the replaced volume. Olivines with different Fa/Fo proportions contributed different amounts of Fe and Mg to the serpentine. Ferroan olivines released more Fe than required to form the serpentines replacing them, so some of the Fe released from ferroan olivine was exported from the replaced volumes. Forsteritic olivines released less Fe than required to form the serpentines replacing them, so some Fe was imported into the replaced volumes augmenting the small amount of Fe released from forsteritic olivine. In QUE 93005 Fo(83.8) is the threshold composition between Fe-exporting and Fe-importing behavior in individual olivine-serpentine pairs, which released exactly the amount of Fe required to form serpentine of the observed uniform composition. Compositions of serpentines isovolumetrically replacing olivines, and threshold olivine compositions, in QUE 93005 differ from the corresponding values in Nogoya. Solvent and solute species diffused through the serpentine between the olivine-serpentine interface and the aqueous solution outside the isovolumetrically replaced volume. In QUE 93005, some of the Fe released from ferroan olivine in excess of the amount required to form serpentine reacted with S sourced from outside the pseudomorphs to form Fe-sulfide decorating the margins of the pseudomorphs of serpentine after fayalitic olivine. Such Fe-sulfide-decorated outlines after fayalitic olivine do not occur in ALH 81002 or Nogoya, indicating different Fe and S mass transfer regimes in different CM2 chondrites. Mg, Fe, Si, and S in the aqueous solution, including the excess Mg and Si exported from all serpentine pseudomorphs after olivine of any composition, were available to be incorporated into other phases spatially separate from the pseudomorphs after olivine, including regularly interstratified serpentine-tochilinite. Serpentines that replaced coarse olivines in QUE 93005 and ALH 81002 are less magnesian than those in Nogoya, indicating that the Nogoya aqueous-alteration environment was more evolved toward Mg-rich solutions. This easily located and characterized phase assemblage may be potentially useful for characterizing clasts of varying degrees of alteration in brecciated and heterogeneous CM chondrites, and future returned samples from mineralogically similar asteroids. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Velbel, Michael A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Tonui, Eric K.] BP Amer Inc, Upstream Technol, Houston, TX 77079 USA. [Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, KT Astromat Res & Explorat Sci, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Velbel, MA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 288 Farm Lane,Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM velbel@msu.edu FU two Michigan Space Grant Consortium Research Seed Grants; Michigan State University Honors College Honors Research Seminar; NASA [NAG 9-1211] FX We thank our colleagues Ian Mackinnon, Hap McSween, Adrian Brearley, Frans Rietmeijer, Alexander Krot, Bob Clayton, Alan Rubin, Jeff Grossman, Anton Kearsley, Ed Young, Eric Palmer, Maggie McAdam, Jessica M. Sunshine, Kieran T. Howard, Tim McCoy, Glenn MacPherson, Oliver Plumper, and Joe Nuth for helpful discussions and correspondence; current and former MSU students Jason Price, Cari Corrigan, Amy McAdam, Angela Donatelle, Dan Snyder, Anna Losiak, Kathleen Jeffery, Gabrielle Tepp, Laurel Eibach, and Mike Wright for assistance in the laboratory and stimulating discussions; Associate Editor Anders Meibom and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript; the Meteorite Working Group and the staff of the Astromaterials Acquisition and Curation Office at NASA-JSC for samples; Craig Schwandt and Loan Le at NASA-JSC for assistance with the electron probe microanalysis; Ewa Danielewicz and Abigail Tirrell (Michigan State University Center for Advanced Microscopy) for assistance with the scanning electron microscopy; Kurt Stepnitz for assembling the digital photomosaic; Harley Seeley for preparation of images for publication; Xudong Fan ( Michigan State University Center for Advanced Microscopy) for TEM training and assistance; Marty Crimp for helpful discussions about TEM; and Brother Guy Consolmagno, S.J., for helpful and encouraging perspectives on long-term scholarly enterprises. This research was supported by two Michigan Space Grant Consortium Research Seed Grants, a Michigan State University Honors College Honors Research Seminar, and NASA Grant NAG 9-1211. This paper was written during the first author's tenure as a Smithsonian Senior Fellow at the Division of Meteorites, Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. The first author is most grateful to Cari Corrigan and Ed Vicenzi for hosting his visit. NR 117 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 148 BP 402 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2014.10.007 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AX1ZW UT WOS:000346743900025 ER PT J AU Chiachio, J Chiachio, M Saxena, A Sankararaman, S Rus, G Goebel, K AF Chiachio, J. Chiachio, M. Saxena, A. Sankararaman, S. Rus, G. Goebel, K. TI Bayesian model selection and parameter estimation for fatigue damage progression models in composites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Composites; Fatigue; Damage mechanics; Bayesian methods ID UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION; LAMINATED COMPOSITES; VARIATIONAL APPROACH; STIFFNESS REDUCTION; MATRIX CRACKING; FRACTURE; SIMULATION; PREDICTION; MECHANICS; PROGNOSIS AB A Bayesian approach is presented for selecting the most probable model class among a set of damage mechanics models for fatigue damage progression in composites. Candidate models, that are first parameterized through a Global Sensitivity Analysis, are ranked based on estimated probabilities that measure the extent of agreement of their predictions with observed data. A case study is presented using multi-scale fatigue damage data from a cross-ply carbon epoxy laminate. The results show that, for this case, the most probable model class among the competing candidates is the one that involves the simplest damage mechanics. The principle of Ockham's razor seems to hold true for the composite materials investigated here since the data-fit of more complex models is penalized, as they extract more information from the data. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chiachio, J.; Chiachio, M.; Rus, G.] Univ Granada, Dept Struct Mech & Hydraul Engn, Granada 18071, Spain. [Saxena, A.; Sankararaman, S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Goebel, K.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Chiachio, J (reprint author), ETS Ingn Caminos, Barcelona, Spain. EM jchiachio@ugr.es RI Rus, Guillermo/J-5468-2014; Masso, Paloma/P-4818-2015 OI Rus, Guillermo/0000-0002-9239-294X; CHIACHIO, JUAN/0000-0003-1243-8694; Masso, Paloma/0000-0002-3519-9254 FU Ministry of Education of Spain [AP2009-4641, AP2009-2390]; European Union [GGI3000IDIB]; NASA ARMD/AvSafe project SSAT FX The two first authors would like to thank the Ministry of Education of Spain for the FPU grants AP2009-4641, AP2009-2390, the European Union for project GGI3000IDIB and the Prognostics Center of Excellence at NASA Ames Research Center, which kindly hosted them during the course of this work. They would also like to thank Prof. James L. Beck from California Institute of Technology for the valuable guidance through Bayesian methodology. Authors would also like to thank the Structures and Composites lab at Stanford University for experimental data and NASA ARMD/AvSafe project SSAT, which provided partial support for this work. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD JAN PY 2015 VL 70 BP 361 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.08.003 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AX6FA UT WOS:000347017400037 ER PT J AU Linnarsson, D Hughson, RL Fraser, KS Clement, G Karlsson, LL Mulder, E Paloski, WH Rittweger, J Wuyts, FL Zange, J AF Linnarsson, Dag Hughson, Richard L. Fraser, Katelyn S. Clement, Gilles Karlsson, Lars L. Mulder, Edwin Paloski, William H. Rittweger, Joern Wuyts, Floris L. Zange, Jochen TI Effects of an artificial gravity countermeasure on orthostatic tolerance, blood volumes and aerobic power after short-term bed rest (BR-AG1) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE head-down tilt; short-arm centrifuge; intermittent; head-up tilt; lower body negative pressure ID HEAD-DOWN-TILT; MAXIMAL EXERCISE; PLASMA-VOLUME; SPACE-FLIGHT; HUMANS; SPACEFLIGHT; WEIGHTLESSNESS; CENTRIFUGATION; MICROGRAVITY; PERFORMANCE AB Exposure to artificial gravity (AG) in a short-arm centrifuge has potential benefits for maintaining human performance during long-term space missions. Eleven subjects were investigated during three campaigns of 5 days head-down bed rest: 1) bed rest without countermeasures (control), 2) bed rest and 30 min of AG (AG1) daily, and 3) bed rest and six periods of 5 min AG (AG2) daily. During centrifugation, the supine subjects were exposed to AG in the head-to-feet direction with 1 G at the center of mass. Subjects participated in the three campaigns in random order. The cardiovascular effects of bed rest and countermeasures were determined from changes in tolerance to a head-up tilt test with superimposed lower body negative pressure (HUT), from changes in plasma volume (PV) and from changes in maximum aerobic power (Vo(2peak)) during upright work on a cycle ergometer. Complete data sets were obtained in eight subjects. After bed rest, HUT tolerance times were 36, 64, and 78% of pre-bed rest baseline during control, AG1 and AG2, respectively, with a significant difference between AG2 and control. PV and Vo(2peak) decreased to 85 and 95% of pre-bed rest baseline, respectively, with no differences between the treatments. It was concluded that the AG2 countermeasure should be further investigated during future long-term bed rest studies, especially as it was better tolerated than AG1. The superior effect of AG2 on orthostatic tolerance could not be related to concomitant changes in PV or aerobic power. C1 [Linnarsson, Dag; Karlsson, Lars L.] Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. [Hughson, Richard L.; Fraser, Katelyn S.] Univ Waterloo, Fac Appl Hlth Sci, Schlegel Univ Waterloo, Res Inst Aging, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Clement, Gilles] Int Space Univ, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Mulder, Edwin; Rittweger, Joern; Zange, Jochen] German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Aerosp Med, Cologne, Germany. [Paloski, William H.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Neurosci Res Labs, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Paloski, William H.] Univ Houston, Ctr Neuromotor & Biomechan Res, Houston, TX USA. [Rittweger, Joern] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Inst Biomed Res Human Movement & Hlth, Manchester M15 6BH, Lancs, England. [Wuyts, Floris L.] Univ Antwerp, Res Ctr Equilibrium & Aerosp, Dept Otolaryngol, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Linnarsson, D (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. EM dag.linnarsson@ki.se RI Rittweger, Jorn/A-4308-2009; OI Karlsson, Lars/0000-0003-2187-5124 FU European Space Agency FX This study was funded by the European Space Agency. In addition, the authors have been supported by their respective research organizations. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 EI 1522-1601 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00061.2014 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA AX8OQ UT WOS:000347169000004 PM 25342708 ER PT J AU Coats, S Smerdon, JE Cook, BI Seager, R AF Coats, Sloan Smerdon, Jason E. Cook, Benjamin I. Seager, Richard TI Are Simulated Megadroughts in the North American Southwest Forced? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LAST MILLENNIUM; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY; HISTORICAL SIMULATIONS; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; MODEL PROJECTIONS; CLIMATE; DROUGHT; OCEAN AB Multidecadal drought periods in the North American Southwest (25 degrees-42.5 degrees N, 125 degrees-105 degrees W), so-called megadroughts, are a prominent feature of the paleoclimate record over the last millennium (LM). Six forced transient simulations of the LM along with corresponding historical (1850-2005) and 500-yr preindustrial control runs from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are analyzed to determine if atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) are able to simulate droughts that are similar in persistence and severity to the megadroughts in the proxy-derived North American Drought Atlas. Megadroughts are found in each of the AOGCM simulations of the LM, although there are intermodel differences in the number, persistence, and severity of these features. Despite these differences, a common feature of the simulated megadroughts is that they are not forced by changes in the exogenous forcing conditions. Furthermore, only the Community Climate System Model (CCSM), version 4, simulation contains megadroughts that are consistently forced by cooler conditions in the tropical Pacific Ocean. These La Nina-like mean states are not accompanied by changes to the interannual variability of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation system and result from internal multidecadal variability of the tropical Pacific mean state, of which the CCSM has the largest magnitude of the analyzed simulations. Critically, the CCSM is also found to have a realistic teleconnection between the tropical Pacific and North America that is stationary on multidecadal time scales. Generally, models with some combination of a realistic and stationary teleconnection and large multidecadal variability in the tropical Pacific are found to have the highest incidence of megadroughts driven by the tropical Pacific boundary conditions. C1 [Coats, Sloan; Smerdon, Jason E.; Cook, Benjamin I.; Seager, Richard] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Coats, Sloan] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Cook, Benjamin I.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Coats, S (reprint author), Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM sjc2164@columbia.edu RI Smerdon, Jason/F-9952-2011; Cook, Benjamin/H-2265-2012 FU NOAA [NA10OAR4310137, NA11OAR4310166]; NSF [ATM-0902716]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Modeling Analysis and Prediction Program WBS [281945.02.04.02.74] FX This work was supported by NOAA awards NA10OAR4310137 [Global Decadal Hydroclimate Variability and Change (GloDecH)] and NA11OAR4310166 and NSF award ATM-0902716. Additional support for B.I. Cook was provided by National Aeronautics and Space Administration Modeling Analysis and Prediction Program WBS 281945.02.04.02.74 ("Cool and Warm Season Moisture Reconstruction and Modeling over North America"). We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portal. We thank three anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. We further thank Haibo Liu and Naomi Henderson for their considerable computational support. NR 75 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 1 BP 124 EP 142 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00071.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AX6XJ UT WOS:000347061200008 ER PT J AU Painemal, D Xu, KM Cheng, AN Minnis, P Palikonda, R AF Painemal, David Xu, Kuan-Man Cheng, Anning Minnis, Patrick Palikonda, Rabindra TI Mean Structure and Diurnal Cycle of Southeast Atlantic Boundary Layer Clouds: Insights from Satellite Observations and Multiscale Modeling Framework Simulations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID 3RD-ORDER TURBULENCE CLOSURES; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; EASTERN PACIFIC; OROGRAPHIC INFLUENCES; LOWER TROPOSPHERE; RESOLVING MODEL; PART II; OCEAN AB The mean structure and diurnal cycle of southeast (SE) Atlantic boundary layer clouds are described with satellite observations and multiscale modeling framework (MMF) simulations during austral spring (September-November). Hourly resolution cloud fraction (CF) and cloud-top height (H-T) are retrieved from Meteosat-9 radiances using modified Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) algorithms, whereas liquid water path (LWP) is from the University of Wisconsin microwave satellite climatology. The MMF simulations use a 2D cloud-resolving model (CRM) that contains an advanced third-order turbulence closure to explicitly simulate cloud physical processes in every grid column of a general circulation model. The model accurately reproduces the marine stratocumulus spatial extent and cloud cover. The mean cloud cover spatial variability in the model is primarily explained by the boundary layer decoupling strength, whereas a boundary layer shoaling accounts for a coastal decrease in CF. Moreover, the core of the stratocumulus cloud deck is concomitant with the location of the strongest temperature inversion. Although the model reproduces the observed westward boundary layer deepening and the spatial variability of LWP, it overestimates LWP by 50%. Diurnal cycles of H-T, CF, and LWP from satellites and the model have the same phase, with maxima during the early morning and minima near 1500 local solar time, which suggests that the diurnal cycle is driven primarily by solar heating. Comparisons with the SE Pacific cloud deck indicate that the observed amplitude of the diurnal cycle is modest over the SE Atlantic, with a shallower boundary layer as well. The model qualitatively reproduces these interregime differences. C1 [Painemal, David; Xu, Kuan-Man; Cheng, Anning; Minnis, Patrick] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Painemal, David; Cheng, Anning; Palikonda, Rabindra] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Painemal, D (reprint author), 100 NASA Rd,Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM david.painemal@nasa.gov RI Xu, Kuan-Man/B-7557-2013 OI Xu, Kuan-Man/0000-0001-7851-2629 FU NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program; DOE Atmospheric System Research Program [DE-SC0005450, DE-SC0008779] FX David Painemal, Kuan-Man Xu, Patrick Minnis and Rabindra Palikonda were supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program, managed by Dr. David Considine. Anning Cheng was supported by DOE Atmospheric System Research Program under Interagency Agreement DE-SC0005450 and DE-SC0008779. We thank Dr. O'Dell for making available the UWisc liquid water path climatology (https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/liquid-water-path-lwp-uw isc-climatology). TMI retrievals were obtained online (at http://www.ssmi.com/). The Meteosat-9 retrievals are available online (at http://cloudsgate2.larc.nasa.gov) or upon request. Merged CloudSat-CALIPSO-CERES-MODIS datasets are available online (at http://ceres.larc.nasa.gov/products.php?product=CCCM). The computation resources from the NCAR BlueGene supercomputer were provided by the Teragrid organization. Special thanks to Marat Khairoutdinov of Stony Brook University for providing SPCAM and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 1 BP 324 EP 341 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00368.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AX6XJ UT WOS:000347061200019 ER PT J AU Moazzen-Ahmadi, N Oliaee, JN Ozier, I Wishnow, EH Sung, K Crawford, TJ Brown, LR Devi, VM AF Moazzen-Ahmadi, N. Oliaee, J. Norooz Ozier, I. Wishnow, E. H. Sung, K. Crawford, T. J. Brown, L. R. Devi, V. M. TI An intensity study of the torsional bands of ethane at 35 mu m SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Low temperature ethane; Far infrared; Intensity model; Torsional spectra; Titan; CIRS ID FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; INTERNAL-ROTATION; PARAMETERS; SPECTROMETER; TEMPERATURE; MOLECULES; VIBRATION; SPECTRUM; STATES AB Ethane is the second most abundant hydrocarbon detected in the outer planets. Although the torsional mode is not infrared active in the lowest order, the strongest feature in this band can be seen near 289 cm(-1) in the CASSINI CIRS spectrum of Titan. Prior laboratory studies have characterized the torsional frequencies to high accuracy and measured the intensities to temperatures as low as 208 K. However, for the interpretation of the far-infrared observations of Titan, further investigation was needed to determine the intensities at lower temperatures and to higher accuracy. The spectrum of C2H6 was investigated from 220 to 330 cm(-1) to obtain the band strengths of the torsional fundamental nu(4) (near 289 cm(-1)) and the first torsional hot band (2 nu(4) - nu(4)). Seven laboratory spectra were obtained at resolutions of 0.01 and 0.02 cm(-1) using a Bruker IFS-125 Fourier transform spectrometer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The interferometer was coupled to a coolable multi-pass absorption cell set to an optical path length of 52 m. The range of temperatures was 166-292 K with the lower temperatures being most relevant to the stratosphere of Titan. The ethane sample pressures ranged from 35 to 254 Torr. The modeling of the transition intensities required the expansion of the dipole moment operator to higher order; this introduced Herman-Wallis like terms. The fitting process involved five independent dipole constants and a single self-broadening parameter. The results presented should lead to an improved understanding of the methane cycle in planetary atmospheres and permit other molecular features in the CIRS spectra to be identified. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moazzen-Ahmadi, N.; Oliaee, J. Norooz] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Ozier, I.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Wishnow, E. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wishnow, E. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sung, K.; Crawford, T. J.; Brown, L. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Devi, V. M.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Moazzen-Ahmadi, N (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, 2500 Univ Dr North West, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM ahmadi@phas.ucalgary.ca RI Sung, Keeyoon/I-6533-2015 FU Canadian Space Agency; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA's Outer Planets Research Program) [NNX10AQ04G] FX Financial support by the Canadian Space Agency for work done at the University of Calgary is gratefully acknowledged. Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, the University of California, Berkeley, and The College of William and Mary under contracts and grants from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA's Outer Planets Research Program (NNX10AQ04G)). NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 151 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.09.016 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA AY0BM UT WOS:000347263000015 ER PT J AU Stofan, ER AF Stofan, Ellen R. TI New year's resolutions SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Stofan, ER (reprint author), NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 517 IS 7532 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AX8SI UT WOS:000347178400009 ER PT J AU Chyba, CF Hand, KP Thomas, PJ AF Chyba, Christopher F. Hand, Kevin P. Thomas, Paul J. TI Energy conservation and Poynting's theorem in the homopolar generator SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED BACK-EMF; SURFACE-CHARGES; RAILGUNS; CIRCUIT; CURRENTS; EUROPA; VECTOR; FLOW; IO AB Most familiar applications of Poynting's theorem concern stationary circuits or circuit elements. Here, we apply Poynting's theorem to the homopolar generator, a conductor moving in a background magnetic field. We show that the electrical power produced by the homopolar generator equals the power lost from the deceleration of the rotating Faraday disk due to magnetic braking and review the way that magnetic braking arises within Poynting's theorem. (C) 2015 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 [Chyba, Christopher F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Chyba, Christopher F.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hand, Kevin P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Thomas, Paul J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys & Astron, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. RP Chyba, CF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM cchyba@princeton.edu; Kevin.P.Hand@jpl.nasa.gov; thomaspj@uwec.edu FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NASA Exobiology Program FX P.J.T. thanks the Office of Research and Sponsored Programs at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire for sabbatical support. K.P.H. acknowledges support from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and from the NASA Exobiology Program. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 EI 1943-2909 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 83 IS 1 BP 72 EP 75 DI 10.1119/1.4895389 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA AX2HI UT WOS:000346763700009 ER PT J AU Xu, YL AF Xu, Yu-Lin TI Fraunhofer diffraction of electromagnetic radiation by finite periodic structures with regular or irregular overall shapes SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; MIE SCATTERING; SPHERES; MATRIX; PARTICLES; AGGREGATE; SUSPENSION; ARRAYS; GRAINS; WAVES AB Based on an essentially different theoretical foundation than common classical diffraction theories that remain in extensive use, this paper discusses from a fresh perspective the theoretical interpretation and prediction of the far-field diffraction of a plane monochromatic wave by a finite periodic array (PA) of identical obstacles. The theoretical treatment rests on the PA extension of the rigorous generalized multiparticle Mie solution (GMM). The truncated periodic structures may have an irregular overall shape with an arbitrary spatial orientation with respect to the incident beam. It is shown that the overall shape and intrinsic geometrical structure of a finite PA play a decisive role in giving rise to an associated far-field diffraction pattern. It is also shown that, when the physical dimensions of individual component units are much smaller than the incident wavelength, the extracted diffraction pattern of a densely packed PA of such small volumes in forward directions exhibits the distinct features predicted from classical diffraction theories for an aperture with the same shape as the overall finite PA. Several typical examples are presented, including two complementary arrays used in the specific discussion concerning Babinet's principle. There are brief preliminary discussions on some fundamental concepts in connection with the involved theoretical basis and on potential further development and application of the present GMM-PA approach. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Jacobs, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Xu, YL (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Jacobs, Mail Code XI4-B9E, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM yu-lin.xu-1@nasa.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 32 IS 1 BP 12 EP 21 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.32.000012 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA AX3YY UT WOS:000346872700002 PM 26366485 ER PT J AU Min, JB Ghosn, LJ Lerch, BA AF Min, James B. Ghosn, Louis J. Lerch, Bradley A. TI A study for stainless steel fan blade design with metal foam core SO JOURNAL OF SANDWICH STRUCTURES & MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Sandwich foam fan blade; metal foam core; aircraft engine fan blades; foam theory and manufacturing techniques; sandwich structures AB The pursuit for cheap, low-density and high-performance materials in the design of aircraft engine blades raises wide-ranging challenges to the materials and structural design engineers. Traditionally, these components have been fabricated using expensive materials such as lightweight titanium alloys and polymer composite materials composites. The present study investigates the use of a sandwich foam fan blade made of solid face sheets and a metal foam core. The face sheets and the metal foam core material were an aerospace grade precipitation-hardened 17-4 stainless steel with high strength and high toughness. The stiffness of the sandwich structure is increased by separating the two face sheets by a foam core. The resulting structure possesses a high stiffness while being lighter than a similar solid construction. Since the face sheets carry the applied bending loads, the sandwich architecture is a viable engineering concept. The material properties of 17-4 precipitation-hardened metal foam are briefly reviewed to describe the characteristics of the sandwich structure for a fan blade application. Vibration characteristics and design criteria on the 17-4 precipitation-hardened metal foam core sandwich blade design with different combinations of skin thickness and core volume are presented with a comparison to a solid titanium blade. C1 [Min, James B.; Ghosn, Louis J.; Lerch, Bradley A.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Min, JB (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, NASA 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM james.b.min@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 19 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1099-6362 EI 1530-7972 J9 J SANDW STRUCT MATER JI J. Sandw. Struct. Mater. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 17 IS 1 BP 56 EP 73 DI 10.1177/1099636214554181 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AW4MR UT WOS:000346255800003 ER PT J AU Lee, J Wall, JJ Rogers, JR Rathz, TJ Choo, H Liaw, PK Hyers, RW AF Lee, J. Wall, J. J. Rogers, J. R. Rathz, T. J. Choo, H. Liaw, P. K. Hyers, R. W. TI Non-contact measurements of creep properties of niobium at 1985 degrees C SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE creep; electrostatic levitation; refractory metals; high temperature deformation ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE MATERIALS; NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY; FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; SI-B ALLOY; REFRACTORY-METALS; MELTING-POINT; CRACK-GROWTH; BEHAVIOR; LEVITATION; COMPOSITE AB The stress exponent in the power-law creep of niobium at 1985 degrees C was measured by a non-contact technique using an electrostatic levitation facility at NASA MSFC. This method employs a distribution of stress to allow the stress exponent to be determined from each test, rather than from the curve fit through measurements from multiple samples that is required by conventional methods. The sample is deformed by the centripetal acceleration from the rapid rotation, and the deformed shapes are analyzed to determine the strain. Based on a mathematical proof, which revealed that the stress exponent was determined uniquely by the ratio of the polar to equatorial strains, a series of finite-element analyses with the models of different stress exponents were also performed to determine the stress exponent corresponding to the measured strain ratio. The stress exponent from the ESL experiment showed a good agreement with those from the literature and the conventional creep test. C1 [Lee, J.; Hyers, R. W.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Wall, J. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE LC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wall, J. J.; Choo, H.; Liaw, P. K.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rogers, J. R.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Rathz, T. J.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jonghyunlee@ecs.umass.edu RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 FU NASA [NNM04AA78G, NNM04AA19A] FX This research has been sponsored in part by NASA under grants NNM04AA78G and NNM04AA19A. The experimental portion of this work was performed at the NASA MSFC Electrostatic Levitation Facility. The authors thank Trudy Allen and Glenn Fountain at NASA MSFC for their technical support. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 26 IS 1 AR 015901 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/26/1/015901 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AW6DS UT WOS:000346360300027 ER PT J AU Bera, PP Peverati, R Head-Gordon, M Lee, TJ AF Bera, Partha P. Peverati, Roberto Head-Gordon, Martin Lee, Timothy J. TI Hydrocarbon growth via ion-molecule reactions: computational studies of the isomers of C4H2+, C6H2+ and C6H4+ and their formation paths from acetylene and its fragments SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOCK PERTURBATION-THEORY; ELECTRONIC-TRANSITIONS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; SPIN ORBITALS; CHEMISTRY; DENSITY; SPECTROSCOPY; ELEMENTS; BENZENE; MATRIX AB We seek insight into the origin of observations made in plasma experiments mimicking interstellar and circumstellar conditions. To this end theory is applied to the low-energy isomers of C4H2+, C6H2+ and C6H4+ and their formation paths from acetylene and its fragments. Ab initio molecular dynamics trajectories are performed to explore which isomers are readily accessible from acetylene and its ion fragments. Structural information at a high level of electronic structure theory [CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ], as well as information on the vibrational [UMP2] and electronic spectra [omega B97X] of the low-energy isomers is reported. C1 [Bera, Partha P.; Lee, Timothy J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Bera, Partha P.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Peverati, Roberto; Head-Gordon, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Peverati, Roberto; Head-Gordon, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, TJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-1, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. EM Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov RI Lee, Timothy/K-2838-2012; Bera, Partha /K-8677-2012; OI Peverati, Roberto/0000-0001-7774-9923 FU NASA Carbon in the Galaxy consortium [NNH10ZDA001N]; BAER Institute FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the NASA Carbon in the Galaxy consortium grant NNH10ZDA001N, and PPB acknowledges support from the BAER Institute. PPB and TJL gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with Dr Cesar Contreras and Dr Farid Salama throughout this project. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 3 BP 1859 EP 1869 DI 10.1039/c4cp04480k PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AW7XA UT WOS:000346473600039 PM 25474483 ER PT J AU Oswald, FB Savage, M Zaretsky, EV AF Oswald, Fred B. Savage, Michael Zaretsky, Erwin V. TI Space Shuttle Rudder/Speed Brake Actuator-A Case Study. Probabilistic Fatigue Life and Reliability Analysis SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Space Shuttle; Rolling-Element Bearings; Gears; Life Prediction; Stress Analysis ID SPUR; GEARS AB The U.S. Space Shuttle fleet was originally intended to have a life of 100 flights for each vehicle, lasting over a 10-year period, with minimal scheduled maintenance or inspection. The first space shuttle flight was that of the Space Shuttle Columbia (OV-102), launched April 12, 1981. The disaster that destroyed Columbia occurred on its 28th flight, February 1, 2003, nearly 22 years after its first launch. In order to minimize risk of losing another Space Shuttle, a probabilistic life and reliability analysis was conducted for the Space Shuttle rudder/speed brake actuators to determine the number of flights the actuators could sustain. A life and reliability assessment of the actuator gears was performed in two stages: a contact stress fatigue model and a gear tooth bending fatigue model. For the contact stress analysis, the Lundberg-Palmgren bearing life theory was expanded to include gear-surface pitting for the actuator as a system. The mission spectrum of the Space Shuttle rudder/speed brake actuator was combined into equivalent effective hinge moment loads including an actuator input preload for the contact stress fatigue and tooth bending fatigue models. Gear system reliabilities are reported for both models and their combination. Reliability of the actuator bearings was analyzed separately, based on data provided by the actuator manufacturer. As a result of the analysis, the reliability of one half of a single actuator was calculated to be 98.6% for 12 flights. Accordingly, each actuator was subsequently limited to 12 flights before removal from service in the Space Shuttle. C1 [Oswald, Fred B.; Zaretsky, Erwin V.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Savage, Michael] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Oswald, FB (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 EI 1547-397X J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 58 IS 1 BP 186 EP 196 DI 10.1080/10402004.2014.956908 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AW4IH UT WOS:000346244000021 ER PT J AU Balas, MJ Frost, SA AF Balas, Mark J. Frost, Susan A. GP IEEE TI Adaptive regulation in the presence of persistent disturbances for linear infinite-dimensional systems in Hilbert space: conditions for almost strict dissipativity SO 2015 EUROPEAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ECC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Control Conference (ECC) CY JUL 15-17, 2015 CL Linz, AUSTRIA AB This paper is focused on adaptively controlling a linear infinite-dimensional system to cause it to regulate the output to zero in the presence of persistent disturbances. The plant (A, B, C) is described by a closed, densely defined linear operator A that generates a continuous semigroup of bounded operators on a Hilbert space of states; the input-output operators B & C are finite rank linear operators. We show that there exists a direct model reference adaptive control law that regulates the output in the presence of disturbances of known waveform but unknown amplitude and phase. The conditions needed for the success of the direct adaptive controller include the need for (A, B, C) to be almost strictly dissipative (ASD). In finite dimensional space, ASD is equivalent to two simple open-loop requirements: the high frequency gain CB is sign-definite and the open-loop transfer function P(s) is minimum phase. Our main result will prove infinite-dimensional versions of these conditions for a large class of infinite-dimensional systems. C1 [Balas, Mark J.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL 32119 USA. [Frost, Susan A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Balas, MJ (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL 32119 USA. EM balasm@erau.edu; susan.frost@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-3-9524-2693-7 PY 2015 BP 860 EP 866 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BF2OK UT WOS:000380485400134 ER PT J AU Eren, U Acikmese, B Scharf, DP AF Eren, Utku Acikmese, Behcet Scharf, Daniel P. GP IEEE TI A Mixed Integer Convex Programming Approach to Constrained Attitude Guidance SO 2015 EUROPEAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ECC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Control Conference (ECC) CY JUL 15-17, 2015 CL Linz, AUSTRIA ID PREDICTIVE CONTROL ALGORITHM AB This paper introduces a new algorithm for attitude motion planning, Constrained Attitude Guidance (CAG) problem, in the presence of angular rate constraints and conic exclusion regions (pointing constraints). The CAG problem is solved by considering only the quaternion kinematics in the formulation and using constraints on quaternions and its time derivatives to indirectly apply bounds on the angular rates and accelerations. The CAG formulation makes use of Mixed Integer Convex Programming (MICP) in order to impose, approximately, the unity constraint on the quaternion magnitude, where the approximation accuracy can be set to a desired accuracy. The solution complexity of the MICP formulation increases exponentially with the number of binary variables that are used to impose the unit norm constraint on the quaternion. Since this number is independent of the number of exclusion pointing constraints, the solution approach has favorable complexity in terms of the number of pointing constraints. The paper also provides a numerical example that incorporates both angular rate and pointing constraints. C1 [Eren, Utku; Acikmese, Behcet] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Scharf, Daniel P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Eren, U (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM utku.eren@utexas.edu; behcet@austin.utexas.edu; Daniel.P.Schar@jpl.nasa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-3-9524-2693-7 PY 2015 BP 1120 EP 1126 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BF2OK UT WOS:000380485400174 ER PT S AU Hayhurst, KJ Maddalon, JM Neogi, NA Verstynen, HA AF Hayhurst, Kelly J. Maddalon, Jeffrey M. Neogi, Natasha A. Verstynen, Harry A. GP IEEE TI A Case Study for Assured Containment SO 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (ICUAS'15) SE International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) CY JUN 09-12, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, CSS, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, MCA DE unmanned aircraft system; airworthiness; assured containment; hazard partitioning; agricultural UAS; case study AB While incremental steps are being taken to integrate unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the various national airspace systems, much work remains to establish appropriate regulatory infrastructure that allows UAS larger than 55 lb to operate for commerce or hire. The magnitude of that effort is compounded by the wide-ranging variety of UAS types and possible applications, as well as the diversity in quality and provenance of UAS components. The FAA has suggested developing design standards tailored to specific applications and operating environments as an approach to facilitate integration and safe operation of some UAS. This paper introduces a case study to investigate design standards for a midsize unmanned rotorcraft operating in a rural environment. A key aspect of this study is the concept of using a certifiable containment system, different from a conventional geofencing application, to ensure that the unmanned aircraft does not escape its intended operational area. The proposed assured containment system is expected to reduce the effort needed to regulate some UAS that could not currently meet rigorous aircraft design standards and fall outside of the parameters for operation outlined in the proposed small UAS rule. This paper discusses how assured containment may be a useful approach to limiting risk and reducing an otherwise prohibitive certification burden to enable UAS operations in confined areas. The case study examines the potential effect the assured containment approach might have on airworthiness certification requirements. C1 [Hayhurst, Kelly J.; Maddalon, Jeffrey M.; Neogi, Natasha A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Verstynen, Harry A.] Whirlwind Engn LLC, Poquoson, VA USA. RP Hayhurst, KJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6720 BN 978-1-4799-6010-1 J9 INT CONF UNMAN AIRCR PY 2015 BP 260 EP 269 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BG3ZW UT WOS:000388438500032 ER PT J AU Filippidis, I Murray, RM Holzmann, GJ AF Filippidis, Ioannis Murray, Richard M. Holzmann, Gerard J. TI A multi-paradigm language for reactive synthesis SO ELECTRONIC PROCEEDINGS IN THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOGIC SPECIFICATIONS; TEMPORAL LOGIC; VERIFICATION; ALGORITHMS; PROGRAMS; SYSTEMS AB This paper proposes a language for describing reactive synthesis problems that integrates imperative and declarative elements. The semantics is defined in terms of two-player turn-based infinite games with full information. Currently, synthesis tools accept linear temporal logic (LTL) as input, but this description is less structured and does not facilitate the expression of sequential constraints. This motivates the use of a structured programming language to specify synthesis problems. Transition systems and guarded commands serve as imperative constructs, expressed in a syntax based on that of the modeling language PROMELA. The syntax allows defining which player controls data and control flow, and separating a program into assumptions and guarantees. These notions are necessary for input to game solvers. The integration of imperative and declarative paradigms allows using the paradigm that is most appropriate for expressing each requirement. The declarative part is expressed in the LTL fragment of generalized reactivity(1), which admits efficient synthesis algorithms, extended with past LTL. The implementation translates PROMELA to input for the SLUGS synthesizer and is written in PYTHON. The AMBA AHB bus case study is revisited and synthesized efficiently, identifying the need to reorder binary decision diagrams during strategy construction, in order to prevent the exponential blowup observed in previous work. C1 [Filippidis, Ioannis; Murray, Richard M.] CALTECH, Control & Dynam Syst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Holzmann, Gerard J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Lab Reliable Software, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Filippidis, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Control & Dynam Syst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ifilippi@caltech.edu; murray@caltech.edu; gerard.j.holzmann@jpl.nasa.gov OI Murray, Richard/0000-0002-5785-7481 FU STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program - MARCO; DARPA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank Scott Livingston for providing helpful feedback. This work was supported by STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program, sponsored by MARCO and DARPA. The first author was partially supported by a graduate research fellowship from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, over the summer of 2014. NR 95 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPEN PUBL ASSOC PI SYDNEY PA OPEN PUBL ASSOC, SYDNEY, 00000, AUSTRALIA SN 2075-2180 J9 ELECTRON PROC THEOR JI Electron. Proc. Theor. Comput. Sci. PY 2015 IS 202 BP 73 EP 97 DI 10.4204/EPTCS.202.6 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA EF3XW UT WOS:000390259500007 ER PT J AU Blaber, EA Cheng-Campbell, MA Chen, JG Almeida, EA AF Blaber, E. A. Cheng-Campbell, M. A. Chen, J. G. Almeida, E. A. TI CDKN1a/p21 regulates load-dependent stem cell-based osteoprogenitor differentiation into mineralized tissue. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Blaber, E. A.; Cheng-Campbell, M. A.; Chen, J. G.; Almeida, E. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Biosci Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2015 VL 26 MA P1554 PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V47BY UT WOS:000209928500739 ER PT J AU Reinsch, SS Berrios, DC Chakravarty, K Chen, RB Fogle, H Lai, S Marcu, O Thompson, T Timucin, LR Coughlan, JC AF Reinsch, S. S. Berrios, D. C. Chakravarty, K. Chen, R. B. Fogle, H. Lai, S. Marcu, O. Thompson, T. Timucin, L. R. Coughlan, J. C. TI GeneLab: A systems biology platform for spaceflight omics data SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reinsch, S. S.; Chakravarty, K.; Chen, R. B.; Fogle, H.; Lai, S.; Marcu, O.; Thompson, T.; Timucin, L. R.; Coughlan, J. C.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Space Biosci Div, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Berrios, D. C.; Timucin, L. R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Affiliated Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Chakravarty, K.; Chen, R. B.; Lai, S.; Thompson, T.] Wyle Labs, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Fogle, H.] Bionetics, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Marcu, O.] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2015 VL 26 MA P2306 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V47BZ UT WOS:000209928600570 ER PT J AU Tahimic, CG Rael, VE Globus, RK AF Tahimic, C. G. Rael, V. E. Globus, R. K. TI Oxidative stress and autophagy responses of osteocytes exposed to spaceflight-like radiation SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tahimic, C. G.; Globus, R. K.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Biosci Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Tahimic, C. G.] Wyle Labs, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Rael, V. E.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SLSTP, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rael, V. E.] Univ Chicago, Biol Sci Coll Div, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. FU NSBRI [MA02501] FX Supported by NSBRI grant MA02501 (PI: Globus) NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2015 VL 26 MA P1482 PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V47BY UT WOS:000209928500667 ER PT J AU Terada, M Schreurs, A Shirazi, Y Alwood, JS Globus, RK Tahimic, CG AF Terada, M. Schreurs, A. Shirazi, Y. Alwood, J. S. Globus, R. K. Tahimic, C. G. TI Simulated weightlessness and ionizing radiation regulate common molecular pathways in skin and bone SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Terada, M.; Schreurs, A.; Shirazi, Y.; Alwood, J. S.; Globus, R. K.; Tahimic, C. G.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Space Biosci Div, Mountain View, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2015 VL 26 MA P2424 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V47BZ UT WOS:000209928600687 ER PT J AU Sharma, S Gray, DK Read, JS O'Reilly, CM Schneider, P Qudrat, A Gries, C Stefanoff, S Hampton, SE Hook, S Lenters, JD Livingstone, DM McIntyre, PB Adrian, R Allan, MG Anneville, O Arvola, L Austin, J Bailey, J Baron, JS Brookes, J Chen, YW Daly, R Dokulil, M Dong, B Ewing, K de Eyto, E Hamilton, D Havens, K Haydon, S Hetzenauer, H Heneberry, J Hetherington, AL Higgins, SN Hixson, E Izmest'eva, LR Jones, BM Kangur, K Kasprzak, P Koster, O Kraemer, BM Kumagai, M Kuusisto, E Leshkevich, G May, L MacIntyre, S Muller-Navarra, D Naumenko, M Noges, P Noges, T Niederhauser, P North, RP Paterson, AM Plisnier, PD Rigosi, A Rimmer, A Rogora, M Rudstam, L Rusak, JA Salmaso, N Samal, NR Schindler, DE Schladow, G Schmidt, SR Schultz, T Silow, EA Straile, D Teubner, K Verburg, P Voutilainen, A Watkinson, A Weyhenmeyer, GA Williamson, CE Woo, KH AF Sharma, Sapna Gray, Derek K. Read, Jordan S. O'Reilly, Catherine M. Schneider, Philipp Qudrat, Anam Gries, Corinna Stefanoff, Samantha Hampton, Stephanie E. Hook, Simon Lenters, John D. Livingstone, David M. McIntyre, Peter B. Adrian, Rita Allan, Mathew G. Anneville, Orlane Arvola, Lauri Austin, Jay Bailey, John Baron, Jill S. Brookes, Justin Chen, Yuwei Daly, Robert Dokulil, Martin Dong, Bo Ewing, Kye de Eyto, Elvira Hamilton, David Havens, Karl Haydon, Shane Hetzenauer, Harald Heneberry, Jocelyne Hetherington, Amy L. Higgins, Scott N. Hixson, Eric Izmest'eva, Lyubov R. Jones, Benjamin M. Kangur, Kulli Kasprzak, Peter Koster, Olivier Kraemer, Benjamin M. Kumagai, Michio Kuusisto, Esko Leshkevich, George May, Linda MacIntyre, Sally Mueller-Navarra, Doerthe Naumenko, Mikhail Noges, Peeter Noges, Tiina Niederhauser, Pius North, Ryan P. Paterson, Andrew M. Plisnier, Pierre-Denis Rigosi, Anna Rimmer, Alon Rogora, Michela Rudstam, Lars Rusak, James A. Salmaso, Nico Samal, Nihar R. Schindler, Daniel E. Schladow, Geoffrey Schmidt, Silke R. Schultz, Tracey Silow, Eugene A. Straile, Dietmar Teubner, Katrin Verburg, Piet Voutilainen, Ari Watkinson, Andrew Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. Williamson, Craig E. Woo, Kara H. TI A global database of lake surface temperatures collected by in situ and satellite methods from 1985-2009 SO SCIENTIFIC DATA LA English DT Article AB Global environmental change has influenced lake surface temperatures, a key driver of ecosystem structure and function. Recent studies have suggested significant warming of water temperatures in individual lakes across many different regions around the world. However, the spatial and temporal coherence associated with the magnitude of these trends remains unclear. Thus, a global data set of water temperature is required to understand and synthesize global, long-term trends in surface water temperatures of inland bodies of water. We assembled a database of summer lake surface temperatures for 291 lakes collected in situ and/or by satellites for the period 1985-2009. In addition, corresponding climatic drivers (air temperatures, solar radiation, and cloud cover) and geomorphometric characteristics (latitude, longitude, elevation, lake surface area, maximum depth, mean depth, and volume) that influence lake surface temperatures were compiled for each lake. This unique dataset offers an invaluable baseline perspective on global-scale lake thermal conditions as environmental change continues. C1 [Sharma, Sapna; Qudrat, Anam; Stefanoff, Samantha] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Gray, Derek K.] Calif Univ Penn, California, PA 15419 USA. [Read, Jordan S.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [O'Reilly, Catherine M.] Illinois State Univ, Dept Geog Geol, Normal, IL 61790 USA. [Schneider, Philipp] NILU Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Gries, Corinna; McIntyre, Peter B.; Kraemer, Benjamin M.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hampton, Stephanie E.; Woo, Kara H.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Environm Res Educ & Outreach, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hook, Simon] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lenters, John D.] LimnoTech, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Livingstone, David M.] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Water Resources & Drinking Water, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Adrian, Rita; Schmidt, Silke R.] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Allan, Mathew G.] Univ Waikato, Environm Res Inst, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. [Anneville, Orlane] French Natl Inst Agr Res INRA, Stn Hydrobiol Lacustre UMR CARRTEL, F-74200 Thonon Les Bains, France. [Arvola, Lauri] Univ Helsinki, Lammi Biol Stn, FI-16900 Helsinki, Finland. [Austin, Jay] Univ Minnesota Duluth, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Bailey, John; Heneberry, Jocelyne] Ontario Minist Environm & Climate Change, Vale Living Lakes Ctr, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada. [Baron, Jill S.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brookes, Justin; Rigosi, Anna] Univ Adelaide, Sch Biol Sci, Water Res Ctr, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Chen, Yuwei] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Daly, Robert] SA Water Corp, Australian Water Qual Ctr, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Dokulil, Martin] Univ Innsbruck, Res Inst Limnol, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria. [Dong, Bo] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Ewing, Kye] Archbold Biol Stn, Venus, FL 33960 USA. [de Eyto, Elvira] Inst Marine, Fisheries Ecosyst Advisory Serv, Newport, Mayo, Ireland. [Hamilton, David] Univ Waikato, Environm Res Inst, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. [Havens, Karl] Florida Sea Grant, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Havens, Karl] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Haydon, Shane] Melbourne Water Corp, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Hetzenauer, Harald] LUBW Landesanstalt Umwelt Messungen & Nat Schutz, Inst Seenforsch, D-88045 Langenargen, Germany. [Hetherington, Amy L.; Rudstam, Lars] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Higgins, Scott N.] Int Inst Sustainable Dev Expt Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2L6, Canada. [Hixson, Eric] Cent Nebraska Publ Power & Irrigat Dist, Holdredge, NE 68949 USA. [Izmest'eva, Lyubov R.; Silow, Eugene A.] Irkutsk State Univ, Sci Res Inst Biol, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Kangur, Kulli] Estonian Univ Life Sci Rannu, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, EE-61117 Tartu, Estonia. [Kasprzak, Peter] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Expt Limnol, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Koster, Olivier] Wasserversorgung Stadt Zurich WVZ, CH-8021 Zurich, Switzerland. [Kumagai, Michio] Lake Biwa Environm Res Inst, Otsu, Shiga 5200022, Japan. [Kuusisto, Esko] Finnish Environm Inst, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland. [Leshkevich, George] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [May, Linda] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bush Estate EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [MacIntyre, Sally] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Mueller-Navarra, Doerthe] Univ Hamburg, Dept Biol, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany. [Naumenko, Mikhail] Russian Acad Sci, Limnol Inst, Hydrol Lab, St Petersburg 196105, Russia. [Noges, Peeter; Noges, Tiina] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Ctr Limnol, EE-61117 Tartumaa, Estonia. [Niederhauser, Pius] Kanton Zurich, Amt Abfall Wasser Energie & Luft, CH-8005 Zurich, Switzerland. [North, Ryan P.] Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Inst Coastal Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Paterson, Andrew M.; Rusak, James A.] Ontario Minist Environm & Climate Change, Dorset Environm Sci Ctr, Dorset, ON P0A 1E0, Canada. [Plisnier, Pierre-Denis] Royal Museum Cent Africa, Dept Earth Sci, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. [Rimmer, Alon] Israel Oceanog & Limnol Res, Lake Kinneret Limnol Lab, IL-14950 Migdal, Israel. [Rogora, Michela] CNR, Inst Ecosyst Study, I-28922 Verbania, Pallanza, Italy. [Salmaso, Nico] Fdn E Mach, IASMA Res & Innovat Ctr, Ist Agr S Michele allAdige, I-38010 San Michele All Adige, Trento, Italy. [Samal, Nihar R.] CUNY, Inst Sustainable Cities, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schladow, Geoffrey] UC Davis Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Incline Village, NV 95616 USA. [Schultz, Tracey] Sydney Catchment Author, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia. [Straile, Dietmar] Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, D-78464 Constance, Germany. [Teubner, Katrin] Univ Vienna, Dept Limnol & Biol Oceanog, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Verburg, Piet] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Hamilton 1010, New Zealand. [Voutilainen, Ari] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, Kuopio 70211, Finland. [Watkinson, Andrew] Seqwater, Ipswich, Qld 4305, Australia. [Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet Limnol, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Williamson, Craig E.] Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Sharma, S (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. EM sharma11@yorku.ca RI May, Linda/D-7943-2011; ROGORA, MICHELA/B-9237-2008; Silow, Eugene/C-2958-2011; OI Hampton, Stephanie/0000-0003-2389-4249; ROGORA, MICHELA/0000-0003-3515-0220; Silow, Eugene/0000-0002-7039-3220; Rusak, James/0000-0002-4939-6478; Woo, Kara/0000-0002-5125-4188; de Eyto, Elvira /0000-0003-2281-2491 FU Russian Ministry of Education and Science [GR 01201461929]; National Science Foundation [DEB-1136637]; Amt fur Abfall, Wasser, Energie und Luft (AWEL), Canton of Zurich, Switzerland; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Austrian Academy of Sciences; Bay of Plenty Regional Council; Belgian Science Policy; Bristol Bay; Central Nebraska Public Power and Irrigation District; Chinese Academy of Sciences; City of Seattle; City of Zurich Water Supply (WVZ); Comite intersyndical pour l'assainissement du lac du Bourget (CISALB); Commission Internationale pour la Protection des Eaux du Leman (CIPEL); Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station; Environmental Agency of the Veneto Region; European Union Central Europe Programme (Project EULAKES) [2CE243P3]; Belgian Federal Science Policy-Belgium; Estonian Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology; Estonian Ministry of Education and Research; Estonian Science Foundation; Finland's Environmental Authorities; Finland State Budget; Finnish International Development Agency; Fish and Wildlife Service Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Government of Canada; Integrated Climate System Analysis and Prediction; International Commission for the Protection of Water between Italy and Switzerland (CIPAIS); Israeli Water Authority; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; Long Term Ecological Research Italian network 'Southern Alpine lakes'; Marine Institute (Ireland); Max-Planck Society; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Park Service; National Science Foundation; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; New York City Department of Environmental Protection; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change; Russian Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation; Seqwater; State of Florida; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; Syndicat Mixte du Lac d'Annecy (SILA); United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council; United States Department of Agriculture Hatch; United States Geological Survey; United States National Foundation Division of Environmental Biology (NSF DEB) [1026843]; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; U.S. Geological Survey Center for Integrated Data Analytics, University of Washington; Vale Canada Limited; WVZ; Waikato Regional Council; West Coast Regional Council; Xstrata Nickel; York University FX We would like to thank the numerous field and research scientists who worked tirelessly to collect and document data from each lake over the past 25+ years. We thank Tim Kratz for helping with the initiation of this project. The Lake Baikal data are part of a dataset (No. 2005620028) registered with the government of the Russian Federation and collected by many Irkutsk State University staff, now supported by Russian Ministry of Education and Science, research project GR 01201461929, National Science Foundation (DEB-1136637) supported additional data management. Data for the Austrian lakes were extracted from the year books of the Austrian Hydrological Survey, Department IV/4-Water cycle, Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management. The daily time series from Lake Vattern since 1955 was prepared and provided by Vattern's Water Protection Association. Dorset Environmental Science Centre lakes have been sampled under the supervision of two senior technicians, Robert Girard and Ron Ingram, and two research scientists, Norman Yan and Andrew Paterson. Data for the New York City drinking water reservoirs were sampled and provided by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP). Data for Lakes Peipsi and Vortsjarv were provided by the Estonian Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Some of the data for Loch Leven have been published by Dudley et al. (2013). Data for Plusssee were collected by the Max-Planck-Institute for Limnology, Ploen until 2006. Data from the Swiss lakes were kindly provided by the City of Zurich Water Supply (WVZ) and by the Amt fur Abfall, Wasser, Energie und Luft (AWEL) of the Canton of Zurich. Data for Lakes Annecy, Bourget and Geneva are from the Information System of the SOERE OLA, INRA Thonon les Bains, CIPEL, CISALB, SILA. Data for Lake Constance were provided by the Institut fur Seenforschung, Langenargen (Intenationale Gewasserschutzkommission fur den Bodensee - IGKB). Sudbury area lakes have been sampled by the Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit at Laurentian University, under the supervision of two research scientists, Bill Keller and Norman Yan. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.; Funding and other support for this project were provided by Amt fur Abfall, Wasser, Energie und Luft (AWEL), Canton of Zurich, Switzerland; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Austrian Academy of Sciences; Bay of Plenty Regional Council; Belgian Science Policy; Bristol Bay salmon processors; Central Nebraska Public Power and Irrigation District; Chinese Academy of Sciences; City of Seattle; City of Zurich Water Supply (WVZ); Comite intersyndical pour l'assainissement du lac du Bourget (CISALB); Commission Internationale pour la Protection des Eaux du Leman (CIPEL), Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station; Environmental Agency of the Veneto Region; European Union Central Europe Programme (Project EULAKES, 2CE243P3; Garda); Belgian Federal Science Policy-Belgium; Estonian Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology; Estonian Ministry of Education and Research; Estonian Science Foundation; Finland's Environmental Authorities; Finland State Budget; Finnish International Development Agency; Fish and Wildlife Service Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Government of Canada; Integrated Climate System Analysis and Prediction; International Commission for the Protection of Water between Italy and Switzerland (CIPAIS); Israeli Water Authority; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; Long Term Ecological Research Italian network 'Southern Alpine lakes'; Marine Institute (Ireland); Max-Planck Society; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Park Service; National Science Foundation; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; New York City Department of Environmental Protection; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change; Russian Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation; Seqwater; State of Florida; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; Syndicat Mixte du Lac d'Annecy (SILA); United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council, United States Department of Agriculture Hatch; United States Geological Survey; United States National Foundation Division of Environmental Biology (NSF DEB) Grant 1026843 to the Arctic Long Term Environmental Research Project; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; U.S. Geological Survey Center for Integrated Data Analytics, University of Washington; Vale Canada Limited (formerly Inco Limited), WVZ; Waikato Regional Council; West Coast Regional Council; Xstrata Nickel (formerly Falconbridge Ltd.) and York University. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2052-4463 J9 SCI DATA JI Sci. Data PY 2015 VL 2 AR 150008 DI 10.1038/sdata.2015.8 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V45VM UT WOS:000209844100078 PM 25977814 ER PT J AU Lorenzo, CF Hartley, TT AF Lorenzo, Carl F. Hartley, Tom T. TI Energy Considerations for Mechanical Fractional-Order Elements SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND NONLINEAR DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE fractional energy modeling; fractional-order elements; fractional calculus; fractional differential equations AB This paper considers the energy aspects of fractional-order elements defined by the equation: force is proportional to the fractional-order derivative of displacement, with order varying from zero to two. In contrast to the typically conservative assumption of classical physics that leads to the potential and kinetic energy expressions, a number of important nonconservative differences are exposed. Firstly, the considerations must be time-based rather than displacement or momentum based variables. Time based equations for energy behavior of fractional elements are presented and example applications are considered. The effect of fractional order on the energy input and energy return of these systems is shown. Importantly, it is shown that the history, or initialization, has a significant effect on energy response. Finally, compact expressions for the work or energy, are developed. C1 [Lorenzo, Carl F.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Hartley, Tom T.] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Lorenzo, CF (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Carl.F.Lorenzo@nasa.gov; thartley@uakron.edu FU NASA Glenn Research Center FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NASA Glenn Research Center. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1555-1423 EI 1555-1415 J9 J COMPUT NONLIN DYN JI J. Comput. Nonlinear Dyn. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 10 IS 1 AR 011014 DI 10.1115/1.4025772 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA AU9EX UT WOS:000345895600014 ER PT J AU Videen, G Kocifaj, M Sun, WB Kai, K Kawamoto, K Horvath, H Mishchenko, M AF Videen, Gorden Kocifaj, Miroslav Sun, Wenbo Kai, Kenji Kawamoto, Kazuaki Horvath, Helmuth Mishchenko, Michael TI Topical issue on optical particle characterization and remote sensing of the atmosphere: Part I SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Videen, Gorden] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Kocifaj, Miroslav] Slovak Acad Sci, Bratislava 84503, Slovakia. [Sun, Wenbo] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Kai, Kenji] Nagoya Univ, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Kawamoto, Kazuaki] Nagasaki Univ, Fac Environm Studies, Nagasaki, Japan. [Horvath, Helmuth] Univ Vienna, Dept Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Mishchenko, Michael] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Videen, G (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM Gorden.w.videen.civ@mail.mil; kocifaj@savba.sk; wenbo.sun-1@nasa.gov; kai@info.human.nagoya-u.ac.jp; kazukawa@nagasaki-u.ac.jp; Horvath5@login.univie.ac.at; michael.i.mishchenko@nasa.gov RI Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 150 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.09.008 PG 2 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA AU8AQ UT WOS:000345819600001 ER PT J AU Sun, WB Lukashin, C Baize, RR Goldin, D AF Sun, Wenbo Lukashin, Constantine Baize, Rosemary R. Goldin, Daniel TI Modeling polarized solar radiation for CLARREO inter-calibration applications: Validation with PARASOL data SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Radiation polarization; Inter-calibration; PARASOL; CLARREO ID TIME-DOMAIN SOLUTION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CLOUD PROPERTIES; CIRRUS CLOUDS; ICE CRYSTALS; DIFFERENCE; THIN; REFLECTANCE; TEMPERATURE; PARTICLES AB The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) is a high-priority NASA Decadal Survey mission recommended by the National Research Council in 2007. The CLARREO objectives are to conduct highly accurate decadal climate-change observations and to provide an on-orbit inter-calibration standard for relevant Earth observing sensors. The inter-calibration approach is based on providing highly accurate spectral reflectance measurements from the CLARREO Reflected Solar Spectrometer (RSS) as the reference for existing sensors and to monitor and characterize their response function parameters including gain, offset, non-linearity, optics spectral response, and sensitivity to polarization of light. The inter-calibration of instrument sensitivity to polarization requires on-orbit knowledge of polarization state of light as function of observed scene type and viewing geometry. In this study, we validate polarization parameters calculated with the adding-doubling radiative transfer model (ADRTM) for developing the Polarization Distribution Models (PDMs). These model results are compared with observations from the Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Science instrument coupled with Observations from a Lidar (PARASOL) data. Good agreement between model results and satellite data is shown for both liquid water clouds and ice clouds. Difference between model results and satellite measurements for clear-sky oceans is explained as due to the presence of undetected clouds, that are super-thin or whose spatial and temporal mean optical depth is small, in the PARASOL clear-sky scenes. These results demonstrate that the ADRTM provides a reliable approach for building spectral PDMs for the inter-calibration applications of the CLARREO mission. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Wenbo; Goldin, Daniel] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Lukashin, Constantine; Baize, Rosemary R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Sun, WB (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 420,21 Langley Blvd, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM wenbo.sun-1@nasa.gov RI Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 FU NASA CLARREO mission FX This study was funded by NASA CLARREO mission. We are grateful to Dr. Bruce A. Wielicki and David F. Young for the support and helpful discussions on the subject of inter-calibration and CLARREO mission objectives. We also would like to thank the CNES France for providing the PARASOL Level-1B and Level-2 Radiations Budget and Clouds data products and thank Ping Yang for providing the single-scattering properties of ice clouds. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 150 SI SI BP 121 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.05.013 PG 13 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA AU8AQ UT WOS:000345819600013 ER PT J AU Zhang, TP Stackhouse, PW Gupta, SK Cox, SJ Mikovitz, JC AF Zhang, Taiping Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr. Gupta, Shashi K. Cox, Stephen J. Mikovitz, J. Colleen TI The validation of the GEWEX SRB surface longwave flux data products using BSRN measurements SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Longwave radiation; Radiation budget; Satellite; GEWEX SRB; BSRN ID SYNCHRONOUS SATELLITE DATA; SOLAR-RADIATION; PARAMETERIZATION; CLOUDS; IDENTIFICATION; ISCCP AB The longwave downward fluxes at the Earth's surface are a significant part of the products of the NASA GEWEX SRB (Surface Radiation Budget) project which has produced and archived a 24.5-year continuous record from July 1983 to December 2007 of global shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation fluxes at TOA and the surface from satellite measurements. The data are generated on a system of grid boxes ranging from 1 degrees latitude by 1 degrees longitude at lower latitudes to 1 degrees latitude by 120 degrees longitude next to the poles. The LW datasets, which are available as 3-hourly, 3-hourly-monthly, daily and monthly means, are produced from two sets of algorithms, the GEWEX LW (GLW) algorithm which is designated as primary and the Langley Parameterized LW (LPLA) algorithm which is designated as quality-check. The inputs of the latest versions, GLW (V3.1) and LPLA (V3.0), include the Geostationary Satellite system (GEOS) Version 4.0.3 meteorological information and cloud properties derived from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) DX data. In this paper, we compare the LW downward fluxes at the Earth's surface from both algorithms against over 4000 site-months of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) data from among the 59 BSRN sites. The comparisons are made for the 3-hourly, daily and monthly means each for the entire record, and on a month-by-month basis as well as a site-by-site basis. It is found that the overall daily mean bias/RMS for the GLW (V3.1) and LPLA (V3.0) algorithms are, respectively, 1.1/22.1 and 4.6/22.8W m(-2), their monthly counterparts are, respectively, 0.9/11.1 and 4.5/12.9W m(-2). Anomaly time series for a subset of more continuous BSRN measurement data sets show a standard deviation of 2.3 W m(-2) and a correlation of 0.82 indicating the accurate replication of month-to-month variability. Clusters of similar surface types are analyzed showing that the uncertainties are largest over the polar regions. Finally, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) two-sample test and Cramer-von Mises (CvM) two-sample test are used to show that the GLW is able to replicate the cumulative frequency distribution of the measurements at the 0.01 significance level. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Taiping; Gupta, Shashi K.; Cox, Stephen J.; Mikovitz, J. Colleen] SSAI NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Zhang, TP (reprint author), SSAI NASA Langley Res Ctr, One Enterprise Pkwy,Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM Taiping.Zhang@NASA.gov FU NASA Earth Science Mission; Radiation Science Program [NNH06ZDA001N]; Earth Science Mission [06-ACRM06-72] FX This work was funded under the NASA Earth Science Mission, Radiation Science Program (grant no. NNH06ZDA001N), Dr. Hal Mating, program manager. Additional funding from data production and archival came from the Earth Science Mission (grant no. 06-ACRM06-72), Dr. Jack Kaye. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 150 SI SI BP 134 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.07.013 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA AU8AQ UT WOS:000345819600014 ER PT J AU Min, QL Gong, W Lin, B Hu, YX AF Min, Qilong Gong, Wei Lin, Bing Hu, Yongxiang TI Application of surface pressure measurements from O-2-band differential absorption radar system in three-dimensional data assimilation on hurricane: Part I - An observing system simulation experiments study SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Sea level pressure; Weather and Research Forecast; Three-dimensional variational data assimilation system; Observing system simulation experiments; O-2-band differential absorption radar; Hurricane ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; SCHEME; INITIALIZATION; MODEL; IMPLEMENTATION; MM5 AB Sea level pressure (SLP) is an important variable in regulating hurricane motion. However, SLP generally cannot be measured in open oceans due to limited buoys. Because of the potential availability of an O-2-band differential absorption radar for sea surface barometry, we investigate the value of assimilating various patterns of SLP from such a system on hurricane prediction using the, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) three-dimensional variational data assimilation system (3DVAR) based on Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs). An important objective of this series of study is to explore the potential to use space and airborne sea surface air pressure measurements from an O-2-band differential absorption radar currently under development for server weather including hurricane forecasts. The surface pressure patterns include an area of SLP, and a band of SLP either through the center or tangent to the hurricane position; the latter two distributions are similar to what could be obtained from the differential absorption radar system, which could be installed on spaceborne satellites and/or mounted on reconnaissance aircraft. In the banded pressure cases, we propose a vortex reconstruction technique based on surface pressure field. Assimilating observations from the reconstructed surface pressure leads to a better representation of initial SLP and vertical cross-section of wind, relative to the control where rio data is assimilated and to the assimilation without vortex reconstruction. In eight of the nine OSSEs simulations on three hurricanes with three leading times of integration, which cover a wide range of initial minimum SLP from 951 to 1011 hPa, substantial improvements are found not only in the hurricane track and position, but also in the hurricane intensity, in terms of the SLP and maximum surface wind. The only case without significant improvement is resulted from the very weak initial condition (SLP 1011 hPa), which had no clear indication of tropical disturbance at the stage for initialization. The improvements of assimilation are generally enhanced for the stronger hurricanes whose differences in initial minimum SLP between nature run and control are larger. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Min, Qilong; Gong, Wei] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Lin, Bing; Hu, Yongxiang] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Min, QL (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM qmin@albany.edu RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 FU US NSF [AGS-1138495]; DOE's Atmospheric System Research program (Office of Science, OBER) [DE-FG02-03ER63531]; NOAA Educational Partnership Program; Minority Serving Institution (EPP/MSI) [NA17AE1625, NA17AE1623]; Science and Technology Research Foundation of SGCC [DZB17201200260] FX This work was supported by US NSF under contract AGS-1138495, by the DOE's Atmospheric System Research program (Office of Science, OBER) under contract DE-FG02-03ER63531, and by the NOAA Educational Partnership Program with Minority Serving Institution (EPP/MSI) under cooperative agreements NA17AE1625 and NA17AE1623, and supported by Science and Technology Research Foundation of SGCC contract DZB17201200260. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 150 SI SI BP 148 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.08.027 PG 18 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA AU8AQ UT WOS:000345819600015 ER PT J AU Min, QL Gong, W Lin, B Hu, YX AF Min, Qilong Gong, Wei Lin, Bing Hu, Yongxiang TI Application of surface pressure measurements of O-2-band differential absorption radar system in three-dimensional data assimilation on hurricane: Part II - A quasi-observational study SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Sea-level pressure; Weather and Research Forecast; Three dimensional variational data assimilation system; Observational system simulation experiments; Hurricane; Potential vorticity ID TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; MODEL; MM5; IMPLEMENTATION; MOVEMENT; SCHEME; FLOW AB This is the second part on assessing the impacts of assimilating various distributions of sea-level pressure (SLP) on hurricane simulations, using the Weather and Research Forecast (WRF) three dimensional variational data assimilation system (3DVAR). One key purpose of this series of study is to explore the potential of using remotely sensed sea surface barometric data from O-2-band differential absorption radar system currently under development for server weather including hurricane forecasts. In this part II we further validate the conclusions of observational system simulation experiments (OSSEs) in the part I using observed SLP for three hurricanes that passed over the Florida peninsula. Three SLP patterns are tested again, including all available data near the Florida peninsula, and a band of observations either through the center or tangent to the hurricane position. Before the assimilation, a vortex SLP reconstruction technique is employed for the use of observed SLP as discussed in the part I. In agreement with the results from OSSEs, the performance of assimilating SLP is enhanced for the two hurricanes with stronger initial minimum SLP, leading to a significant improvement in the track and position relative to the control where no data are assimilated. On the other hand, however, the improvement in the hurricane intensity is generally limited to the first 24-48 h of integration, while a high resolution nested domain simulation, along with assimilation of SLP in the coarse domain, shows more profound improvement in the intensity. A diagnostic analysis of the potential vorticity suggests that the improved track forecasts are attributed to the combined effects of adjusting the steering wind fields in a consistent manner with having a deeper vortex, and the associated changes in the convective activity. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Min, Qilong; Gong, Wei] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Lin, Bing; Hu, Yongxiang] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Min, QL (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM qmin@albany.edu RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 FU US NSF [AGS-1138495]; DOE's Atmospheric System Research program (Office of Science, OBER) [DE-FG02-03ER63531]; NOAA Educational Partnership Program; Minority Serving Institutions (EPP/MSI) [NA17AE1625, NA17AE1623]; Science and Technology Research Foundation of SGCC [DZB17201200260] FX This work was supported by US NSF under Contract AGS-1138495, by the DOE's Atmospheric System Research program (Office of Science, OBER) under Contract DE-FG02-03ER63531, and by the NOAA Educational Partnership Program with Minority Serving Institutions (EPP/MSI) under cooperative agreements NA17AE1625 and NA17AE1623, and supported by Science and Technology Research Foundation of SGCC Contract DZB17201200260. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 150 SI SI BP 166 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.08.026 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA AU8AQ UT WOS:000345819600016 ER PT J AU Shepard, MK Taylor, PA Nolan, MC Howell, ES Springmann, A Giorgini, JD Warner, BD Harris, AW Stephens, R Merline, WJ Rivkin, A Benner, LAM Coley, D Clark, BE Ockert-Bell, M Magri, C AF Shepard, Michael K. Taylor, Patrick A. Nolan, Michael C. Howell, Ellen S. Springmann, Alessondra Giorgini, Jon D. Warner, Brian D. Harris, Alan W. Stephens, Robert Merline, William J. Rivkin, Andrew Benner, Lance A. M. Coley, Dan Clark, Beth Ellen Ockert-Bell, Maureen Magri, Christopher TI A radar survey of M- and X-class asteroids. III. Insights into their composition, hydration state, & structure SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroids; Asteroids, composition; Asteroids, surfaces ID MAIN-BELT ASTEROIDS; 21 LUTETIA; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; DARK MATERIAL; SHAPE MODELS; 433 EROS; VESTA; METEORITE AB Using the S-band radar at Arecibo Observatory, we observed thirteen X/M-class asteroids; nine were previously undetected and four were re-observed, bringing the total number of Tholen X/M-class asteroids observed with radar to 29. Of these 29M-class asteroids, 13 are also W-class, defined as M-class objects that also display a 3-mu m absorption feature which is often interpreted as the signature of hydrated minerals (Jones, T.D., Lebofsky, LA., Lewis, J.S., Marley, M.S. [1990]. Icarus 88, 172-192; Rivkin, A.S., Howell, E.S., Britt, D.T., Lebofsky, LA., Nolan, M.C., Branston, D.D. [1995]. Icarus 117,90-100; Rivkin, A.S., Howell, E.S., Lebofsky, LA., Clark, B.E., Britt, D.T. [2000]. Icarus 145, 351-368). Consistent with our previous work (Shepard, M.K. et al. [2008]. Icarus 195, 184-205; Shepard, M.K., Harris, A.W., Taylor, P.A., Clark, B.E., Ockert-Bell, M., Nolan, M.C., Howell, E.S., Magri, C., Giorgini, J.D., Benner, L.A.M. [2011]. Icarus 215, 547-551), we find that 38% of our sample (11 of 29) have radar albedos consistent with metal-dominated compositions. With the exception of 83 Beatrix and 572 Rebekka, the remaining objects have radar albedos significantly higher than the mean S-or C-class asteroid (Magri, C., Nolan, M.C., Ostro, Sj., Giorgini, J.D. [2007]. Icarus 186, 126-151). Seven of the eleven high-radar-albedo asteroids, or 64%, also display a 3-mu m absorption feature (Wclass) which is thought to be inconsistent with the formation of a metal dominated asteroid. We suggest that the hydration absorption could be a secondary feature caused by low-velocity collisions with hydrated asteroids, such as Cl or CM analogs, and subsequent implantation of the hydrated minerals into the upper regolith. There is recent evidence for this process on Vesta (Reddy, V. et al. [2012]. Icarus 221, 544-559; McCord, T.B. et al. [2012]. Nature 491, 83-86; Prettyman, T.H. et al. [2012]. Science 338, 242246; Denevi, B.W. et al. [2012]. Science 338, 246-249). Eleven members of our sample show bifurcated radar echoes at some rotation phases; eight of these are high radar albedo targets. One interpretation of a bifurcated echo is a contact binary, like 216 Kleopatra, and several of our sample are contact binary candidates. However, evidence for other targets indicates they are not contact binaries. Instead, we hypothesize that these asteroids may have large-scale variations in surface bulk density, i.e. isolated patches of metal-rich and silicate-rich regions at the near-surface, possibly the result of collisions between metal and silicate-rich asteroids. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shepard, Michael K.] Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. [Taylor, Patrick A.; Nolan, Michael C.; Howell, Ellen S.; Springmann, Alessondra] NAIC Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. [Giorgini, Jon D.; Benner, Lance A. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Warner, Brian D.] More Data Inc, Eaton, CO 80615 USA. [Harris, Alan W.] More Data Inc, La Canada Flintridge, CA 91011 USA. [Stephens, Robert] More Data Inc, Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730 USA. [Merline, William J.] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Rivkin, Andrew] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Coley, Dan] Ctr Solar Syst Studies, Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730 USA. [Clark, Beth Ellen; Ockert-Bell, Maureen] Ithaca Coll, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Magri, Christopher] Univ Maine Farmington, Farmington, ME 04938 USA. RP Shepard, MK (reprint author), Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Dept Environm Geog & Geol Sci, 400 E Second St, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. EM mshepard@bloomu.edu RI Rivkin, Andrew/B-7744-2016; OI Nolan, Michael/0000-0001-8316-0680; Rivkin, Andrew/0000-0002-9939-9976; Springmann, Alessondra/0000-0001-6401-0126 FU NSF [AST-0908098, AST-1032896/AST-1210099]; NASA [NNG-10AL352G/NNX13AP56G]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX12AF24G]; Ana G. Mendez-Univ. Metropolitana; USRA; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under the Science Mission Directorate Research and Analysis Programs FX MKS and BEC acknowledge support from NSF AST-0908098. AWH and BDW acknowledge support from NASA NNG-10AL352G/NNX13AP56G and NSF AST-1032896/AST-1210099. We thank V. Reddy and J. Emery for their reviews. We also thank the following for generously contributing some of their Keck AO time to observe Lydia: F. Morales, I. de Pater, H. Hammel, and K. de Kleer with assistance from C. Neyman, P. Tamblyn, B. Carry, and B. Enke. Arecibo Observatory is operated by SRI International under a cooperative agreement with NSF and in alliance with Ana G. Mendez-Univ. Metropolitana and USRA. The Arecibo Planetary Radar Program is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNX12AF24G issued through the Near Earth Object Observations Program. We thank the Arecibo operators and staff for their help in observing. Some of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under the Science Mission Directorate Research and Analysis Programs. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 245 BP 38 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.09.016 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AU3CR UT WOS:000345490900004 ER PT J AU Scheirich, P Pravec, P Jacobson, SA Durech, J Kusnirak, P Hornoch, K Mottola, S Mommert, M Hellmich, S Pray, D Polishook, D Krugly, YN Inasaridze, RY Kvaratskhelia, OI Ayvazian, V Slyusarev, I Pittichova, J Jehin, E Manfroid, J Gillon, M Galad, A Pollock, J Licandro, J Ali-Lagoa, V Brinsfield, J Molotov, IE AF Scheirich, P. Pravec, P. Jacobson, S. A. Durech, J. Kusnirak, P. Hornoch, K. Mottola, S. Mommert, M. Hellmich, S. Pray, D. Polishook, D. Krugly, Yu N. Inasaridze, R. Ya Kvaratskhelia, O. I. Ayvazian, V. Slyusarev, I. Pittichova, J. Jehin, E. Manfroid, J. Gillon, M. Galad, A. Pollock, J. Licandro, J. Ali-Lagoa, V. Brinsfield, J. Molotov, I. E. TI The binary near-Earth Asteroid (175706) 1996 FG(3) - An observational constraint on its orbital evolution SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroids, dynamics; Near-Earth objects; Photometry ID PHYSICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; LIGHTCURVE INVERSION; OPTIMIZATION METHODS; FG3; TARGET; MISSION; POPULATION; PHOTOMETRY; YARKOVSKY; RADIATION AB Using our photometric observations taken between April 1996 and January 2013 and other published data, we derived properties of the binary near-Earth Asteroid (175706) 1996 FG(3) including new measurements constraining evolution of the mutual orbit with potential consequences for the entire binary asteroid population. We also refined previously determined values of parameters of both components, making 1996 FG3 one of the most well understood binary asteroid systems. With our 17-year long dataset, we determined the orbital vector with a substantially greater accuracy than before and we also placed constraints on a stability of the orbit. Specifically, the ecliptic longitude and latitude of the orbital pole are 266 and -83 degrees, respectively, with the mean radius of the uncertainty area of 4 degrees, and the orbital period is 16.1508 +/- 0.0002 h (all quoted uncertainties correspond to 3 sigma). We looked for a quadratic drift of the mean anomaly of the satellite and obtained a value of 0.04 +/- 0.20 deg /yr(,)(2) i.e., consistent with zero. The drift is substantially lower than predicted by the pure binary YORP (BYORP) theory of McMahon and Scheeres (McMahon, J., Scheeres, D. [2010]. Icarus 209,494-509) and it is consistent with the tigidity and quality factor of mu Q = 1.3 x 10(7) Pa using the theory that assumes an elastic response of the asteroid material to the tidal forces. This very low value indicates that the primary of 1996 FG3 is a 'rubble pile', and it also calls for a re-thinking of the tidal energy dissipation in close asteroid binary systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Scheirich, P.; Pravec, P.; Kusnirak, P.; Hornoch, K.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Astron Inst, CZ-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. [Jacobson, S. A.] Observ Cote Azur, Lab Lagrange, F-06304 Nice 4, France. [Jacobson, S. A.] Univ Bayreuth, Bayer Geoinst, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Jacobson, S. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Durech, J.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Astron Inst, CR-18000 Prague, Czech Republic. [Mottola, S.; Mommert, M.; Hellmich, S.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Pray, D.] Sugarloaf Mt Observ, South Deerfield, MA 01373 USA. [Polishook, D.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Krugly, Yu N.; Slyusarev, I.] Kharkov Natl Univ, Inst Astron, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Inasaridze, R. Ya; Kvaratskhelia, O. I.; Ayvazian, V.] Ilia State Univ, Kharadze Abastumani Astrophys Observ, GE-0162 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Pittichova, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Jehin, E.; Manfroid, J.; Gillon, M.] Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Galad, A.] FMFI UK, Modra Observ, Dept Astron Phys Earth & Meteorol, SK-84248 Bratislava, Slovakia. [Pollock, J.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Licandro, J.; Ali-Lagoa, V.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38200, Spain. [Licandro, J.; Ali-Lagoa, V.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [Brinsfield, J.] Via Capote Observ, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. [Molotov, I. E.] RAS, MV Keldysh Appl Math Inst, Moscow 125047, Russia. RP Scheirich, P (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Astron Inst, Fricova 1, CZ-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. EM petr.scheirich@centrum.cz RI Pravec, Petr/G-9037-2014; Scheirich, Peter/H-4331-2014; Jacobson, Seth/I-7029-2015; Durech, Josef/C-5634-2017 OI Scheirich, Peter/0000-0001-8518-9532; Jacobson, Seth/0000-0002-4952-9007; Durech, Josef/0000-0003-4914-3646 FU Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [205/09/1107, P209/12/0229]; RVO [67985815]; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship; National Optical Astronomy Observatory; National Science Foundation; Charles University in Prague; PRVOUK [P45]; Planetary Society; AXA research fund; Belgian Fund for Scientific Research [FRFC 2.5.594.09.F]; Swiss National Science Foundation; Slovak Grant Agency for Science VEGA [1/0670/13]; MINECO [AYA2012-39115-0O3-03] FX We thank A.W. Harris and the reviewers, J. McMahon and M. Cuk, for their constructive suggestions and comments. The work at Ondrejov was supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, Grants 205/09/1107 and P209/12/0229, and by program RVO 67985815. S. Jacobson would like to acknowledge the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship as well as thesis support through the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. He also would like to acknowledge the assistance of the staffs of both the Kitt Peak National Observatory and the Apache Point Observatories. The work of JD was supported by Charles University in Prague, project PRVOUK P45. Operations at Carbuncle Hill Observatory and Sugarloaf Mt. Observatory were supported by a Gene Shoemaker NEO grant from the Planetary Society. D. Polishook is grateful to the AXA research fund for their generous postdoctoral fellowship. TRAPPIST is a project funded by the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (Fond National de la Recherche Scientifique, F.R. SFNRS) under Grant FRFC 2.5.594.09.F, with the participation of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF). M. Gillon and E. Jehin are FNRS Research Associates, J. Manfroid is Research Director FNRS. The work at Modra was supported by the Slovak Grant Agency for Science VEGA (Grant 1/0670/13). J.L. and V.A.L. acknowledges support from the Project AYA2012-39115-0O3-03 (MINECO). NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 245 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.09.023 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AU3CR UT WOS:000345490900005 ER PT J AU Farnocchia, D Chesley, SR Chamberlin, AB Tholen, DJ AF Farnocchia, D. Chesley, S. R. Chamberlin, A. B. Tholen, D. J. TI Star catalog position and proper motion corrections in asteroid astrometry SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroids; Orbit determination; Astrometry ID CCD ASTROGRAPH CATALOG; SKY SURVEY 2MASS; 99942 APOPHIS AB We provide a scheme to correct asteroid astrometric observations for star catalog systematic errors due to inaccurate star positions and proper motions. As reference we select the most accurate stars in the PPMXL catalog, i.e., those based on 2MASS astrometry. We compute position and proper motion corrections for 19 of the most used star catalogs. The use of these corrections provides better ephemeris predictions and improves the error statistics of astrometric observations, e.g., by removing most of the regional systematic errors previously seen in Pan-STARRS PS1 asteroid astrometry. The correction table is publicly available at ftp://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/pubissdidebiasidebias_2014.tgz and can be freely used in orbit determination algorithms to obtain more reliable asteroid trajectories. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Farnocchia, D.; Chesley, S. R.; Chamberlin, A. B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Tholen, D. J.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Farnocchia, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Davide.Farnocchia@jpl.nasa.gov FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology FX Part of this research was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 245 BP 94 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.07.033 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AU3CR UT WOS:000345490900009 ER PT J AU Rubincam, DP AF Rubincam, David Parry TI Space erosion and cosmic ray exposure ages of stony meteorites SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Cosmic rays; Interplanetary dust; Meteorites; Zodiacal light ID ASTEROID BELT; EARTH; METEOROIDS; PARTICLES; LIFETIMES; FRAGMENTS; EVOLUTION; RADIATION; DYNAMICS; DELIVERY AB Space erosion from dust impacts may set upper limits on the cosmic ray exposure (CRE) ages of stony meteorites. A meteoroid orbiting within the asteroid belt is bombarded by both cosmic rays and interplanetary dust particles. Galactic cosmic rays penetrate only the first few meters of the meteoroid; deeper regions are shielded. The dust particle impacts create tiny craters on the meteoroid's surface, eroding it away by abrasion at a particular rate. Hence a particular point inside a meteoroid accumulates cosmic ray products only until that point wears away, limiting CRE ages. The results would apply to other regolithfree surfaces in the Solar System as well, so that abrasion may set upper CRE age limits which depend on the dusty environment. Calculations based on N. Divine's dust populations and on micrometeoroid cratering indicate that large stony meteoroids in circular ecliptic orbits at 2 AU will record Ne-21 CRE ages of similar to 176 x 10(6)y if dust masses are in the range 10(-21)-10(-3) kg. This is in broad agreement with the maximum observed CRE ages of similar to 100 x 10(6) y for stones. High erosion rates in the inner Solar System may limit the CRE ages of Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) to similar to 120 x 10(6) y. A characteristic of erosion is that the neon concentrations tend to rise as the surface of the meteorite is approached, rather than drop off as for meteorites with fixed radii. Pristine samples recovered from space may show the rise. If the abrasion rate for stones were a factor of similar to 6 larger than found here, then the ages would drop into the 30 x 10(6) y range, so that abrasion alone might be able to explain many CRE ages. However, there is no strong evidence for higher abrasion rates, and in any case would probably not be fast enough to explain the youngest ages of 0.1-1 x 10(6) y. Further, space erosion is much too slow to explain the similar to 600 x 10(6)y ages of iron meteorites. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rubincam, DP (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Code 698,Bldg 34,Room S280, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM David.P.Rubincam@nasa.gov FU NASA Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) FX I thank Susan Poulose and Susan Fricke for excellent programming. NASA Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) supported this work. I thank David Vokrouhlicky and an anonymous referee for comments which greatly improved the paper. For information on Neil Divine's career, see Nunes (1994). NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 245 BP 112 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.09.005 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AU3CR UT WOS:000345490900010 ER PT J AU Warner, NH Gupta, S Calef, F Grindrod, P Boll, N Goddard, K AF Warner, Nicholas H. Gupta, Sanjeev Calef, Fred Grindrod, Peter Boll, Nathan Goddard, Kate TI Minimum effective area for high resolution crater counting of martian terrains SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Cratering; Impact processes; Mars, surface; Mars ID MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR; EBERSWALDE CRATER; LUNAR CRATERS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; GROUND ICE; AGES; HISTORY; SURFACE; RANDOMNESS; EVOLUTION AB The acquisition of high-resolution imagery for the surface of Mars has enabled mapping of spatially limited (order of <10(3) km(2)) landforms such as alluvial fans, deltas, and lacustrine deposits that are targets for exploration due to their association with liquid water. It is essential for our understanding of the planet's geologic and climate history therefore to place these landforms within the global chronostratigraphic context. Here, we analyze both the statistical variability in the cratering pattern as well as the influence of small crater resurfacing on crater counting small landforms. We identified and counted craters (diameter (D) > 200 m) on four type terrains using Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Context Camera (CTX) imagery that span the Noachian, Hesperian, and Amazonian epochs. The counts from each location include a region covering 10,000 km(2), ten 1000 km(2) subsets of that larger area, and approximately one hundred 100 km(2) samples. The data demonstrate significant variation in the crater size frequency and derived model ages across a single terrain type for the 100 km(2) samples. The crater size frequency at this area scale varies across a single, uniform geologic unit by up to a factor of 2-3 on the four different terrains. At 1000 km(2), the local pattern variations that are relevant at the 100 km(2) scale become less important and the age variations are tighter. In all four terrain cases, the 10,000 km(2) and 1000 km(2) samples capture distinct crater populations (km-sized craters) that formed before and after resurfacing event(s). However, due to the relatively high mean distance between km-sized craters, the 100 km(2) size area samples more commonly than not exclude a statistically significant sample at the kilometer size range, masking important information about the pre-resurfacing history of the terrain. We therefore suggest that due to the effect of pattern variability in cratering over 100 km(2) and the susceptibility of smaller craters to resurfacing, crater counts derived from small area samples are suspect to major uncertainties. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Warner, Nicholas H.] SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Geol Sci, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. [Gupta, Sanjeev; Goddard, Kate] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Calef, Fred] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Grindrod, Peter] UCL, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England. [Boll, Nathan] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Warner, NH (reprint author), SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Geol Sci, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. EM warner@geneseo.edu RI Grindrod, Peter/F-5819-2011; OI Grindrod, Peter/0000-0002-0934-5131; Boll, Nathan/0000-0001-9731-5639 FU NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory - California Institute of Technology; NASA; NASA's Mars Data Analysis Program [NNX14AL09G]; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/F003099/1]; Montana Space Grant Consortium; UK Space Agency Aurora Fellowship [ST/J005215/1] FX We thank the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter CTX (Context Camera) team at Malin Space Science Systems for the quality imagery. We'd also like to thank Dr. Stephanie Werner and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful and detailed review comments and Dr. Matthew Golombek and Dr. Melissa Rice at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for several useful discussions. Nicholas H. Warner was partially supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory - California Institute of Technology, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. Warner was also partially supported by NASA's Mars Data Analysis Program, grant number NNX14AL09G while at SUNY Geneseo. Goddard and Gupta were funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) under grant ST/F003099/1. Nathan Boll was supported through an undergraduate internship 4, under the Montana Space Grant Consortium. Peter Grindrod was funded by the UK Space Agency Aurora Fellowship (grant ST/J005215/1). NR 84 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 245 BP 198 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.09.024 PG 43 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AU3CR UT WOS:000345490900017 ER PT J AU Wong, MH Atreya, SK Kuhn, WR Romani, PN Mihalka, KM AF Wong, Michael H. Atreya, Sushi K. Kuhn, William R. Romani, Paul N. Mihalka, Kristen M. TI Fresh clouds: A parameterized updraft method for calculating cloud densities in one-dimensional models SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Atmospheres, structure; Atmospheres, chemistry; Meteorology; Jupiter, atmosphere; Extra-solar planets ID PROBE MASS-SPECTROMETER; JUPITERS ATMOSPHERE; GIANT PLANETS; HOT-SPOTS; MICROPHYSICS; AMMONIA; RADAR; WATER; CONVECTION; DOWNDRAFTS AB Models of cloud condensation under thermodynamic equilibrium in planetary atmospheres are useful for several reasons. These equilibrium cloud condensation models (ECCMs) calculate the wet adiabatic lapse rate, determine saturation-limited mixing ratios of condensing species, calculate the stabilizing effect of latent heat release and molecular weight stratification, and locate cloud base levels. Many ECCMs trace their heritage to Lewis (Lewis, J.S. [1969]. Icarus 10,365-378) and Weidenschilling and Lewis (Weidenschilling, S.J., Lewis, J.S. [1973]. Icarus 20, 465-476). Calculation of atmospheric structure and gas mixing ratios are correct in these models. We resolve errors affecting the cloud density calculation in these models by first calculating a cloud density rate: the change in cloud density with updraft length scale. The updraft length scale parameterizes the strength of the cloud-forming updraft, and converts the cloud density rate from the ECCM into cloud density. The method is validated by comparison with terrestrial cloud data. Our parameterized updraft method gives a first-order prediction of cloud densities in a "fresh" cloud, where condensation is the dominant microphysical process. Older evolved clouds may be better approximated by another 1-D method, the diffusive-precipitative Ackerman and Marley (Ackerman, A.S., Marley, M.S. [2001]. Astrophys. J. 556, 872-884) model, which represents a steady-state equilibrium between precipitation and condensation of vapor delivered by turbulent diffusion. We re-evaluate observed cloud densities in the Galileo Probe entry site (Ragent, B. et al. [1998]. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 22891-22910), and show that the upper and lower observed clouds at similar to 0.5 and 3 bars are consistent with weak (cirrus-like) updrafts under conditions of saturated ammonia and water vapor, respectively. The densest observed cloud, near 1.3 bar, requires unexpectedly strong updraft conditions, or higher cloud density rates. The cloud density rate in this layer may be augmented by a composition with non-NH4SH components (possibly including adsorbed NH3). (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wong, Michael H.; Atreya, Sushi K.; Kuhn, William R.; Mihalka, Kristen M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wong, Michael H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Romani, Paul N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wong, MH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU SwRI [699056KC]; NASA [NNX11AM55G] FX Andrew Ingersoll brought to our attention non-conservation of mass in prior ECCM implementations. We thank Andy Ingersoll and Steve Levin for improving the elegance of our expressions, and Rick Smith and Rusen Oktem for additional helpful discussions. Andy Ackerman and Mark Marley provided substantial assistance in comparison with their model. This work was supported in part by Juno subcontract 699056KC to SKA from SwRI, and by NASA under Grant No. NNX11AM55G to MHW issued through the Outer Planets Research program. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 245 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.09.042 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AU3CR UT WOS:000345490900021 ER PT J AU Veeder, GJ Davies, AG Matson, DL Johnson, TV Williams, DA Radebaugh, J AF Veeder, Glenn J. Davies, Ashley Gerard Matson, Dennis L. Johnson, Torrence V. Williams, David A. Radebaugh, Jani TI Io: Heat flow from small volcanic features SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Io; Jupiter, satellites; Volcanism; Geophysics ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; GALILEO PHOTOPOLARIMETER-RADIOMETER; THERMAL EMISSION VARIABILITY; HOT-SPOTS; IMAGING DATA; LAVA FLOWS; RA PATERA; MOON IO; ERUPTION; NIMS AB We identify nine new faint thermal sources on Io via color ratio images constructed from relatively high spatial resolution Galileo NIMS data acquired late in the mission. All of these identifications are associated with small dark paterae. We utilize NIMS data to quantify their volcanic thermal emission as similar to 0.53 x 10(12) W (or similar to 0.5% of Io's total heat flow). In addition, we refine our previous estimates of the thermal emission from 47 hot spots and highlight several hot spots within the Amirani flow field. Small dark paterae still out-number faint (close to the limit of detection) hot spots identified in high spatial resolution multi-wavelength NIMS data. In particular, we point out 24 small dark paterae that were scanned by NIMS (at resolutions down to similar to 17 km/pixel) but had no detectable volcanic thermal emission. All dark paterae are expected to have some volcanic thermal emission, but the small size and finite number of detectable faint sources limit their contribution to the total heat flow on Io. Compared to small paterae, small dark flows are more numerous but must have significantly lower surface temperatures. Finally, we update and summarize our results for the global heat flow on lo due to 242 recently active volcanic features including other dark paterae as well as large dark flows. The volcanic thermal emission from known hot spots, undetected (scanned) dark patera and outbursts can account for only similar to 56.2 x 10(12)W (or similar to 54%) of Io's total heat flow. Approximately 49 x 10(12)W (or similar to 46%) of la's heat flow remains an enigma. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Veeder, Glenn J.; Matson, Dennis L.] Bear Fight Inst, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Davies, Ashley Gerard; Johnson, Torrence V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Williams, David A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Radebaugh, Jani] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Veeder, GJ (reprint author), Bear Fight Inst, 22 Fiddlers Rd, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. EM gveeder@bearfightinstitute.com FU NASA Outer Planets Research; NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Programs FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the NASA Outer Planets Research and NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Programs. Part of this work was performed at the Bear Fight Institute and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory - California Institute of Technology, under contract to NASA. We thank Diana Blaney for her analysis initiating the search for Io's "myriad" small hot spots. We also thank Imke de Pater and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. NR 82 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 245 BP 379 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.07.028 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AU3CR UT WOS:000345490900030 ER PT J AU Moghaddam, MG Achuthan, A Bednarcyk, BA Arnold, SM Pineda, EJ AF Moghaddam, M. Ghorbani Achuthan, A. Bednarcyk, B. A. Arnold, S. M. Pineda, E. J. TI A multi-scale computational model using Generalized Method of Cells (GMC) homogenization for multi-phase single crystal metals SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Multi-scale computational model; Multi-phase metals; Ni-based super alloys; Generalized Method of Cells; Homogenization; Crystal plasticity constitutive model ID NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOYS; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; NI-BASE SUPERALLOY; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; DEFORMATION; POLYCRYSTALLINE; CREEP; MICROSTRUCTURE; COMPOSITES AB A multi-scale computational model for determining the elastic-plastic behavior of a multi-phase metal is developed on a finite element analysis (FEA) framework. A single crystal plasticity constitutive model that can capture the shear deformation and the associated stress field on the slip planes is employed at the microstructural (grain) length scale. The Generalized Method of Cells (GMC) micromechanics model is used for homogenizing the local field quantities. At first, the ability of GMC for homogenization is evaluated by analyzing simple problems using GMC as a stand-alone tool. A repeating unit cell (RUC) of a two-phase CMSX-4 Ni-based superalloy with 72.9% volume fraction of gamma' inclusion in the c matrix phase is used for the evaluation. The evaluation is performed by comparing the results with those predicted by a FEA model incorporating the same crystal plasticity constitutive model. The average global stress-strain behavior predicted by GMC demonstrated excellent agreement with FEA. The agreement between the local distribution of the field quantities predicted by GMC and FEA was satisfactory, especially when considering the substantial savings in the computational cost due to homogenization. Finally, the capability of the developed multi-scale model, linking FEA and GMC, to solve real life sized structures is demonstrated by analyzing an engine disk component and determining the microstructural scale details of the field quantities of the two-phase CMSX-4 Ni-based superalloy. (C) 2014 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Moghaddam, M. Ghorbani; Achuthan, A.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Bednarcyk, B. A.; Arnold, S. M.; Pineda, E. J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Achuthan, A (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM aachutha@clarkson.edu FU NASA Glenn Research Center; Ohio Aerospace Institute FX Author A. Achuthan would like to thank NASA Glenn Research Center and Ohio Aerospace Institute for the summer research fellowship grant that supported part of this work. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 96 BP 44 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.08.045 PN A PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AT4XU UT WOS:000344946600007 ER PT J AU Romero-Wolf, A Hoover, S Vieregg, AG Gorham, PW Allison, P Barwick, SW Baughman, BM Beatty, JJ Belov, K Besson, DZ Bevan, S Binns, WR Chen, C Chen, P Clem, JM Connolly, A Detrixhe, M De Marco, D Dowkonttg, PF DuVernois, M Goldstein, D Clem, JM Connolly, D Huang, M Israel, MH Javaid, A Kowalski, J Learned, J Liewer, KM Matsuno, S Mercurio, BC Miki, C Mottram, M Nam, J Naudet, CJ Nichol, RJ Palladino, K Ruckman, L Saltzberg, D Seckel, D Shang, RY Stockham, J Stockham, M Varner, GS Wang, Y AF Romero-Wolf, A. Hoover, S. Vieregg, A. G. Gorham, P. W. Allison, P. Barwick, S. W. Baughman, B. M. Beatty, J. J. Belov, K. Besson, D. Z. Bevan, S. Binns, W. R. Chen, C. Chen, P. Clem, J. M. Connolly, A. Detrixhe, M. De Marco, D. Dowkontt, P. F. DuVernois, M. Goldstein, D. Grashorn, E. W. Hill, B. Huang, M. Israel, M. H. Javaid, A. Kowalski, J. Learned, J. Liewer, K. M. Matsuno, S. Mercurio, B. C. Miki, C. Mottram, M. Nam, J. Naudet, C. J. Nichol, R. J. Palladino, K. Ruckman, L. Saltzberg, D. Seckel, D. Shang, R. Y. Stockham, J. Stockham, M. Varner, G. S. Wang, Y. TI An interferometric analysis method for radio impulses from ultra-high energy particle showers SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Radio; Interferometry; Neutrinos; Cosmic-rays ID RAY AIR-SHOWERS; PULSES; EMISSION; CHARGE; ARRAY AB We present an interferometric technique for the reconstruction of ultra-wide band impulsive signals from point sources. This highly sensitive method was developed for the search for ultra-high energy neutrinos with the ANITA experiment but is fully generalizable to any antenna array detecting radio impulsive events. Applications of the interferometric method include event reconstruction, thermal noise and anthropogenic background rejection, and solar imaging for calibrations. We illustrate this technique with applications from the analysis of the ANITA-I and ANITA-II data in the 200-1200 MHz band. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Romero-Wolf, A.; Gorham, P. W.; DuVernois, M.; Hill, B.; Kowalski, J.; Learned, J.; Matsuno, S.; Miki, C.; Ruckman, L.; Varner, G. S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hoover, S.; Belov, K.; Saltzberg, D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Barwick, S. W.; Goldstein, D.; Nam, J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Allison, P.; Baughman, B. M.; Beatty, J. J.; Connolly, A.; Grashorn, E. W.; Mercurio, B. C.; Palladino, K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Allison, P.; Baughman, B. M.; Beatty, J. J.; Connolly, A.; Grashorn, E. W.; Mercurio, B. C.; Palladino, K.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astro Particle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Besson, D. Z.; Detrixhe, M.; Stockham, J.; Stockham, M.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Bevan, S.; Mottram, M.; Nichol, R. J.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. [Binns, W. R.; Dowkontt, P. F.; Israel, M. H.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Chen, C.; Chen, P.; Nam, J.; Shang, R. Y.; Wang, Y.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Clem, J. M.; De Marco, D.; Javaid, A.; Seckel, D.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Romero-Wolf, A.; Huang, M.; Liewer, K. M.; Naudet, C. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hoover, S.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hoover, S.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Romero-Wolf, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Andrew.Romero-Wolf@jpl.nasa.gov RI Beatty, James/D-9310-2011 OI Beatty, James/0000-0003-0481-4952 FU NASA (NESSF Grant) [NNX07A005H, 09-Astro-09F-0008]; National Science Foundation [ANT-110355]; NASA FX We thank the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs, the Department of Energy Office of Science HEP Division, the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council, the National Science Council in Taiwan ROC, and especially the staff of the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility. A. Romero-Wolf would like to thank NASA (NESSF Grant NNX07A005H) for support for this work. A.G. Vieregg would like to thank NASA (NESSF Grant 09-Astro-09F-0008) and the National Science Foundation (Grant No. ANT-110355). Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Copyright 2014. All rights reserved. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 60 BP 72 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.06.006 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA AR1KS UT WOS:000343344700008 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Arroyo, I Pickering, IJ Yang, SI Freeman, JL AF Banuelos, Gary S. Arroyo, Irvin Pickering, Ingrid J. Yang, Soo In Freeman, John L. TI Selenium biofortification of broccoli and carrots grown in soil amended with Se-enriched hyperaccumulator Stanleya pinnata SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biofortification; Selenium; Stanleya pinnata ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; CANCER PREVENTION; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; COLON-CANCER; HUMAN HEALTH; SPECIATION; SUPPLEMENTATION; ACCUMULATION; PLANTS; PHYTOREMEDIATION AB Amending soils with Se-hyperaccumulator plant derived sources of selenium (Se) may be useful for increasing the Se content in food crops in Se-deficient regions of the world. In this study we evaluated total Se and the different chemical species of Se in broccoli and carrots grown in soils amended with ground shoots of the Se-hyperaccumulator Stanleya pinnata. With increasing application rates of S. pinnata, total plant Se concentrations increased to nutritionally ideal levels inside edible parts. Selenium compounds in aqueous extracts were analyzed by SAX-HPLC-ICPMS and identified as a variety of mainly organic-Se forms. Together with bulk Se K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis performed on broccoli florets, carrot roots and shoots, dried ground S. pinnata, and the amended soil at post-plant, we demonstrate that Se-enriched S. pinnata is valuable as a soil amendment for enriching broccoli and carrots with healthful forms of organic-Se. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Banuelos, Gary S.; Arroyo, Irvin] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Pickering, Ingrid J.; Yang, Soo In] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Freeman, John L.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Biol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Freeman, John L.] Intrinsyx Technol Corp, Space Biosci Div, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 South Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM gary.banuelos@ars.usda.gov; john.l.freeman@nasa.gov RI Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013 NR 44 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 9 U2 142 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 166 BP 603 EP 608 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.071 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA AQ2XV UT WOS:000342654200081 PM 25053099 ER PT J AU Onana, VD Koenig, LS Ruth, J Studinger, M Harbeck, JP AF Onana, Vincent de Paul Koenig, Lora S. Ruth, Julia Studinger, Michael Harbeck, Jeremy P. TI A Semiautomated Multilayer Picking Algorithm for Ice-Sheet Radar Echograms Applied to Ground-Based Near-Surface Data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Antarctic ice sheet; image transforms; layers' trackability; radar echo sounding; Radon transform (RT) ID LOCALIZED RADON-TRANSFORM; SAR IMAGES; WEST ANTARCTICA; LINEAR FEATURES; POLAR FIRN; WIDE-BAND; SNOW; ACCUMULATION; SOUNDER; EXTRACTION AB Snow accumulation over an ice sheet is the sole mass input, making it a primary measurement for understanding the past, present, and future mass balance. Near-surface frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radars image isochronous firn layers recording accumulation histories. The Semiautomated Multilayer Picking Algorithm (SAMPA) was designed and developed to trace annual accumulation layers in polar firn from both airborne and ground-based radars. The SAMPA algorithm is based on the Radon transform (RT) computed by blocks and angular orientations over a radar echogram. For each echogram's block, the RT maps firn segmented-layer features into peaks, which are picked using amplitude and width threshold parameters of peaks. A backward RT is then computed for each corresponding block, mapping the peaks back into picked segmented-layers. The segmented layers are then connected and smoothed to achieve a final layer pick across the echogram. Once input parameters are trained, SAMPA operates autonomously and can process hundreds of kilometers of radar data picking more than 40 layers. SAMPA final pick results and layer numbering still require a cursory manual adjustment to correct noncontinuous picks, which are likely not annual, and to correct for inconsistency in layer numbering. Despite the manual effort to train and check SAMPA results, it is an efficient tool for picking multiple accumulation layers in polar firn, reducing time over manual digitizing efforts. The trackability of good detected layers is greater than 90%. C1 [Onana, Vincent de Paul; Koenig, Lora S.; Studinger, Michael; Harbeck, Jeremy P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Onana, Vincent de Paul; Harbeck, Jeremy P.] ADNET Syst Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Ruth, Julia] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Harbeck, Jeremy P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Onana, VD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM vincentdepaul.onana@nasa.gov; Lora.s.koenig@nasa.gov; jmruth@terpmail.umd.edu; michael.studinger@nasa.gov; jeremy.p.harbeck@nasa.gov FU NASA's Airborne Science and Cryospheric Sciences Programs; National Science Foundation Antarctic Glaciology Program FX This work was supported by a collaborative grant between NASA's Airborne Science and Cryospheric Sciences Programs and the National Science Foundation Antarctic Glaciology Program. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 51 EP 69 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2318208 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AO7MG UT WOS:000341536700005 ER PT J AU Bateni, SM Margulis, SA Podest, E McDonald, KC AF Bateni, S. Mohyeddin Margulis, Steven A. Podest, Erika McDonald, Kyle C. TI Characterizing Snowpack and the Freeze-Thaw State of Underlying Soil via Assimilation of Multifrequency Passive/Active Microwave Data: A Case Study (NASA CLPX 2003) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Active microwave data; data assimilation (DA); national aeronautics and space administration (NASA) Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX) 2003; passive microwave data; snow water equivalent (SWE); soil freeze-thaw ID QUASI-CRYSTALLINE APPROXIMATION; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; COMMON LAND MODEL; 1ST-YEAR SEA-ICE; SIR-C/X-SAR; WATER EQUIVALENT; GRAIN-SIZE; BARE SOIL AB Ground-based passive microwave observations at 18.7- and 36.5-GHz frequencies and active microwave observations in L-[1.4 GHz] and Ku-[15.5 GHz] bands are used within an ensemble-based data assimilation (DA) framework to characterize the snow water equivalent (SWE) and the underlying soil freeze-thaw state (including soil surface temperature and both soil ice/liquid water content). The proposed framework is tested at the local-scale observation site of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cold Land Processes Experiment field campaign during the third intensive observation period (February 18-26, 2003) for which the best set of collocated ground-based passive/active microwave observations, SWE, soil surface temperature, and moisture measurements are available. The DA approach effectively merges an a priori estimate of the soil freeze-thaw state and SWE generated by a land surface model (LSM) with information contained in passive/active microwave observations in order to overcome errors in the forcing data of LSM. Results indicate that the root-mean-square errors of SWE, soil surface temperature, and soil ice+liquid water content after the assimilation of passive (active) observations respectively decrease to 25.4 mm (22.8 mm), 0.61 K (0.52 K), and 0.063 (0.057) from 90.55 mm, 2.17 K, and 0.13 before assimilation, resulting in improvements of 75% (77%), 72% (76%), and 51% (56%). Also, it is found that the simultaneous assimilation of passive and active measurements further improves the estimates of SWE and soil temperature as well as soil ice/liquid water content, suggesting that there is an advantage offered by the synergistic use of passive and active measurements. Overall, the findings show that future studies can take advantage of remotely sensed microwave passive and active measurements from present and upcoming satellites such as Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), Soil Moisture Active Passive, and COld REgion Hydrology High-resolution Observatory (CoReH2O) for monitoring SWE and the underlying soil freeze-thaw state. C1 [Bateni, S. Mohyeddin] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bateni, S. Mohyeddin] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Margulis, Steven A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Podest, Erika; McDonald, Kyle C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [McDonald, Kyle C.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Bateni, SM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 94 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 67 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 173 EP 189 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2320264 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AO7MG UT WOS:000341536700014 ER PT J AU Cardellach, E Tomas, S Oliveras, S Padulles, R Rius, A de la Torre-Juarez, M Turk, J Ao, CO Kursinski, ER Schreiner, B Ector, D Cucurull, L AF Cardellach, Estel Tomas, Sergio Oliveras, Santi Padulles, Ramon Rius, Antonio de la Torre-Juarez, Manuel Turk, Joseph Ao, Chi O. Kursinski, E. Robert Schreiner, Bill Ector, Dave Cucurull, Lidia TI Sensitivity of PAZ LEO Polarimetric GNSS Radio-Occultation Experiment to Precipitation Events SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO); heavy rain; remote sensing precipitation ID SCATTERING; PROPAGATION; HYDROMETEORS; ATTENUATION; RAINFALL; SHAPE; AIR AB A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) experiment is being accommodated in the Spanish low Earth orbiter for Earth Observation PAZ. The RO payload will provide globally distributed vertical thermodynamic profiles of the atmosphere suitable to be assimilated into weather numerical prediction models. The Ground Segment services of the U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration and standard-RO processing services by University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (USA) will be available under best effort basis. Moreover, the mission will run, for the first time, a double-polarization GNSS RO experiment to assess the capabilities of polarimetric GNSS RO for sensing heavy rain events. This paper introduces the Radio-Occultation and Heavy Precipitation experiment aboard PAZ and performs a theoretical analysis of the concept. The L-band GNSS polarimetric observables to be used during the experiment are presented, and their sensitivity to moderate to heavy precipitation events is evaluated. This study shows that intense rain events will induce polarimetric features above the detectability level. C1 [Cardellach, Estel; Tomas, Sergio; Oliveras, Santi; Padulles, Ramon; Rius, Antonio] CSIC, ICE, Inst Space Sci, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [de la Torre-Juarez, Manuel; Turk, Joseph; Ao, Chi O.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kursinski, E. Robert] Broadreach Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Schreiner, Bill; Ector, Dave] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Cucurull, Lidia] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Cardellach, E (reprint author), CSIC, ICE, Inst Space Sci, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, Barcelona 08193, Spain. EM estel@ieec.uab.es RI Cardellach, Estel/C-9418-2012; Tomas , Sergio/L-8424-2014; Cucurull, Lidia/E-8900-2015; OI Cardellach, Estel/0000-0001-8908-0972; Tomas , Sergio/0000-0002-3997-6815; Padulles, Ramon/0000-0003-2058-3779 FU Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [AYA2011-29183-C02-02, ACI2010-1089, ACI2009-1023]; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [ROSES 10-GEOIM10-0018, ROSES NNH10ZDA001N, NNH10ZDA001N-GEOIM, NNH10ZDA001N-GEODESY] FX These studies are supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (AYA2011-29183-C02-02, ACI2010-1089, and ACI2009-1023) and in part by NASA Grants (ROSES 10-GEOIM10-0018 and ROSES NNH10ZDA001N). E. Cardellach is under the Spanish Ramon y Cajal Programme. Some of these grants are partially supported by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) Funds. The Radio-Occultation and Heavy Precipitation with PAZ experiment has only been possible under a Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)-HISDESAT agreement, while some of its ground segment services were possible owing to agreements between Institute of Space Sciences (ICE)-National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration and ICE-University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Authors M. de la Torre-Juarez, F. J. Turk, and C. O. Ao. performed this work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). They were supported by NASA's programs for Applications of Geodetic Imaging, NNH10ZDA001N-GEOIM, and Advanced Concepts in Space Geodesy, NNH10ZDA001N-GEODESY. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 190 EP 206 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2320309 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AO7MG UT WOS:000341536700015 ER PT J AU Lee, S McIntire, J Oudrari, H Schwarting, T Xiong, XX AF Lee, Shihyan McIntire, Jeff Oudrari, Hassan Schwarting, Thomas Xiong, Xiaoxiong TI A New Method for Suomi-NPP VIIRS Day-Night Band On-Orbit Radiometric Calibration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; day-night band (DNB); nighttime; optical sensor; satellite; Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) ID LIGHTS; SYSTEM AB The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (S-NPP VIIRS) instrument contains a visible imaging band designed to produce imagery during both daytime and nighttime, which is called the day-night band (DNB). The DNB is a three-gain-stage backside-illuminated charge-coupled device (CCD) with four detector arrays that aggregate the individual CCD pixels into 32 different aggregationmodes across scan, yielding imagery with a roughly constant horizontal sampling interval. The highest gain stage is over 100 000 times more sensitive than the lowest gain stage; the combination of the three gain stages allows for imagery with radiances ranging from 10(-10) to 10(-2) W . cm(-2) . sr(-1). The initial DNB on-orbit calibration relies onmonthly sensor special operations. This offline calibration approach results in discrete calibration and the loss of some science data. In this paper, we will present a new calibration method based solely on VIIRS onboard calibrators (OBCs). The calibrator data collected on the nighttime side of an orbit are used to determine the dark offset and the data collected over the daytime side of the orbit, and the day-night terminators are used to compute the cross-stage gain ratios. The results showed that the dark offset and the gain ratio derived from the initial method could be biased up to ten digital numbers (DN) and 12%, respectively, due to nighttime airglow and Earth scene stray light. The calibration is also continuous as calibrator data are recorded for each scan. Because no special operation and offline analysis are required, this method was approved for VIIRS operational implementation to improve the DNB radiometric calibration and sensor on-orbit operations. C1 [Lee, Shihyan; McIntire, Jeff; Oudrari, Hassan; Schwarting, Thomas] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 29 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 324 EP 334 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2321835 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AO7MG UT WOS:000341536700024 ER PT J AU Du, JY Kimball, JS Azarderakhsh, M Dunbar, RS Moghaddam, M McDonald, KC AF Du, Jinyang Kimball, John S. Azarderakhsh, Marzieh Dunbar, R. Scott Moghaddam, Mahta McDonald, Kyle C. TI Classification of Alaska Spring Thaw Characteristics Using Satellite L-Band Radar Remote Sensing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Alaska; freeze-thaw (FT); microwave scattering model; Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA); Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR); Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) ID NASA SCATTEROMETER NSCAT; FREEZE/THAW CYCLES; BOREAL FORESTS; IMAGING RADAR; TAIGA FORESTS; ACTIVE LAYER; ERS-1 SAR; SNOW; PERMAFROST; MODEL AB Spatial and temporal variability in landscape freeze-thaw (FT) status at higher latitudes and elevations significantly impacts land surface water mobility and surface energy partitioning, with major consequences for regional climate, hydrological, ecological, and biogeochemical processes. With the development of new-generation spaceborne remote sensing instruments, future L-band missions, including the NASA Soil Moisture Active and Passive mission, will provide new operational retrievals of landscape FT state dynamics at moderate (similar to 3 km) spatial resolution. We applied theoretical simulations of L-band radar backscatter using first-order radiative transfer models with two- and three-layer modeling schemes to develop a modified seasonal threshold algorithm (STA) and FT classification study over Alaska using 100-m-resolution satellite Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) observations. The backscatter threshold distinguishes between frozen and nonfrozen states, and it is used to classify the predominant frozen or thawed status of a grid cell. An Alaska FT map for April 2007 was generated from PALSAR (ScanSAR) observations and showed a regionally consistent but finer FT spatial pattern than an alternative surface air temperature-based classification derived from global reanalysis data. Validation of the STA-based FT classification against regional soil climate stations indicated approximately 80% and 75% spatial classification accuracy values in relation to respective station air temperature and soil temperature measurement-based FT estimates. An investigation of relative spatial scale effects on FT classification accuracy indicates that the relationship between grid cell size and classified frozen or thawed area follows a general logarithmic function. C1 [Du, Jinyang; Kimball, John S.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Du, Jinyang; Kimball, John S.] Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Azarderakhsh, Marzieh; McDonald, Kyle C.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Dunbar, R. Scott; McDonald, Kyle C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Moghaddam, Mahta] Univ So Calif, Ming Hsieh Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Du, JY (reprint author), Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. EM jinyang.du@ntsg.umt.edu; johnk@ntsg.umt.edu; mazarderakhsh@ccny.cuny.edu; Roy.S.Dunbar@jpl.nasa.gov; mahta@usc.edu; kmcdonald2@ccny.cuny.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX08AQ63A, NNX11AP68A] FX Manuscript received August 20, 2013; revised December 23, 2013 and March 28, 2014; accepted May 5, 2014. Part of this work was performed at the University of Montana and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, supported through the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Contract NNX08AQ63A and Contract NNX11AP68A. This work was undertaken in part within the framework of the JAXA ALOS Kyoto & Carbon Initiative. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 78 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 542 EP 556 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2325409 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AO7MG UT WOS:000341536700042 ER PT J AU Pan, CH Flynn, L Wu, XQ Buss, R AF Pan, Chunhui Flynn, Larry Wu, Xiangqian Buss, Rich TI Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite Nadir instruments in-flight performance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite; calibration; charge coupled device; remote sensing; ultraviolet spectroscopy AB This paper analyzes the in-flight performance of the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Ozone Mapping & Profiling Suite (OMPS) nadir instruments and evaluates sensors' on-orbit calibrations after sensors' two-year operation. All uncertainty values quoted in this paper are 1 - sigma values unless stated otherwise. With the data collected from in-flight nominal calibration, our results have demonstrated that sensor performance complies with the system specifications in most cases. The largest term in the wavelength-dependent albedo calibration uncertainty for Nadir Mapper is the cross-track position difference effect of 2.5%. Final adjustments of stray light and wavelength variation are still being made to optimize OMPS sensor data records before reaching the validation mature level. (C) 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Pan, Chunhui] Univ Maryland, Dept Earth Syst, Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Flynn, Larry; Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Buss, Rich] Innovim LLC, NOAA Affiliate, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Pan, CH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Earth Syst, Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM chpan@umd.edu RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 FU NOAA Grant at the University of Maryland [NA09NES4400006] FX This work was supported by NOAA Grant NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites) at the University of Maryland. The sensor data used in their analyses were provided by NOAA Comprehensive Large Array-Data Stewardship System. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD DEC 30 PY 2014 VL 8 AR UNSP 083499 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.8.083499 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CA1JG UT WOS:000348668300001 ER PT J AU Schnittman, JD AF Schnittman, Jeremy D. TI Revised Upper Limit to Energy Extraction from a Kerr Black Hole SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We present a new upper limit on the energy that may be extracted from a Kerr black hole by means of particle collisions in the ergosphere (i.e., the "collisional Penrose process"). Earlier work on this subject has focused largely on particles with critical values of angular momentum falling into an extremal Kerr black hole from infinity and colliding just outside the horizon. While these collisions are able to reach arbitrarily high center-of-mass energies, it is very difficult for the reaction products to escape back to infinity, effectively limiting the peak efficiency of such a process to roughly 130%. When we allow one of the initial particles to have impact parameter b > 2M, and thus not get captured by the horizon, it is able to collide along outgoing trajectories, greatly increasing the chance that the products can escape. For equal-mass particles annihilating to photons, we find a greatly increased peak energy of E-out approximate to 6 x E-in. For Compton scattering, the efficiency can go even higher, with E-out approximate to 14 x E-in, and for repeated scattering events, photons can both be produced and escape to infinity with Planck-scale energies. C1 [Schnittman, Jeremy D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Gravitat Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schnittman, Jeremy D.] Joint Space Sci Inst JSI, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Schnittman, JD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Gravitat Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. FU NASA [ATP12-0139] FX It is a pleasure to acknowledge helpful discussions with A. Buonanno, T. Jacobson, and J. Silk. This work was supported in part by NASA Grant No. ATP12-0139. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 30 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 26 AR 261102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.261102 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AX9BN UT WOS:000347199200002 PM 25615298 ER PT J AU Cyr-Racine, FY Sigurdson, K AF Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan Sigurdson, Kris TI Limits on neutrino-neutrino scattering in the early Universe SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BARYON ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS; BROKEN LEPTON NUMBER; DARK-MATTER; SUPERNOVA; GALAXIES AB In the standard model neutrinos are assumed to have streamed across the Universe since they last scattered when the standard-model plasma temperature was similar to MeV. The shear stress of free-streaming neutrinos imprints itself gravitationally on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and makes the CMB a sensitive probe of neutrino scattering. Yet, the presence of nonstandard physics in the neutrino sector may alter this standard chronology and delay neutrino free streaming until a much later epoch. We use observations of the CMB to constrain the strength of neutrino self interactions G(eff) and put limits on new physics in the neutrino sector from the early Universe. Within the context of conventional Lambda CDM parameters cosmological data are compatible with G(eff) less than or similar to 1/(56 MeV)(2) and neutrino free streaming might be delayed until their temperature has cooled to as low as similar to 25 eV. Intriguingly, we also find an alternative cosmology compatible with cosmological data in which neutrinos scatter off each other until z similar to 10(4) with a preferred interaction strength in a narrow region around G(eff) similar or equal to 1/(10MeV)(2) similar or equal to 8.6x10(8) G(F), where G(F) is the Fermi constant. This distinct self-interacting neutrino cosmology is characterized by somewhat lower values of both the scalar spectral index and the amplitude of primordial fluctuations. While we phrase our discussion here in terms of a specific scenario, our constraints on the neutrino visibility function are very general. C1 [Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sigurdson, Kris] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Cyr-Racine, FY (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM franyan@caltech.edu; krs@phas.ubc.ca FU W. M. Keck Foundation; National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; National Science Foundation [NSF PHY11-25915]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank Roland de Putter and Olivier Dore for useful discussions. The work of F. Y. C. R. was performed in part at the California Institute of Technology for the Keck Institute for Space Studies, which is funded by the W. M. Keck Foundation. The research of K. S. is supported in part by a National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada Discovery grant. We thank the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, where part of this work was completed, for its hospitality. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF PHY11-25915. Part of the research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 74 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 29 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 12 AR 123533 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.90.123533 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA AX9DO UT WOS:000347204300005 ER PT J AU Hesse, M Aunai, N Sibeck, D Birn, J AF Hesse, Michael Aunai, Nicolas Sibeck, David Birn, Joachim TI On the electron diffusion region in planar, asymmetric, systems SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE reconnection; diffusion; electron; magnetopause ID COLLISIONLESS MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; MAGNETOPAUSE; PLASMA AB Particle-in-cell simulations and analytical theory are employed to study the electron diffusion region in asymmetric reconnection, which is taking place in planar configurations without a guide field. The analysis presented here focuses on the nature of the local reconnection electric field and on differences from symmetric configurations. Further emphasis is on the complex structure of the electron distribution in the diffusion region, which is generated by the mixing of particles from different sources. We find that the electric field component that is directly responsible for flux transport is provided not by electron pressure-based, quasi-viscous, terms but by inertial terms. The quasi-viscous component is shown to be critical in that it is necessary to sustain the required overall electric field pattern in the immediate neighborhood of the reconnection X line. C1 [Hesse, Michael; Sibeck, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Aunai, Nicolas] Univ Paris 11, UPMC, Ecole Polytech, Lab Plasma Phys,CNRS, Orsay, France. [Birn, Joachim] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hesse, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM michael.hesse@nasa.gov RI NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013 OI NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214 FU NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale mission FX This work was supported by NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. Access to simulation data can be provided upon request. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 9 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 24 BP 8673 EP 8680 DI 10.1002/2014GL061586 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CA4ZN UT WOS:000348916500001 ER PT J AU Bessho, N Chen, LJ Shuster, JR Wang, S AF Bessho, N. Chen, L-J Shuster, J. R. Wang, S. TI Electron distribution functions in the electron diffusion region of magnetic reconnection: Physics behind the fine structures SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE magnetic reconnection; electron distribution function; electron diffusion region; particle-in-cell simulation AB Highly structured electron distribution functions in the electron diffusion region (EDR) during magnetic reconnection are studied by means of fully kinetic simulations. Four types of structures (striations, arcs, swirls, and rings) in momentum space are analyzed to understand their formation mechanisms. Discrete striations are formed by particles undergoing different numbers of meandering bounces in the EDR and are a result of oscillations in the out-of-plane force on meandering electrons. Predictions for the separation between striations and the triangular shape of the distribution are obtained analytically. Arcs and swirls are due to partial remagnetization of accelerated electrons. Near the end of the outflow jet, electron remagnetization gives rise to the ring structure. Understanding the distribution structures is critical to unraveling the kinetic processes occurring in the EDR and will guide the identification of EDRs based on satellite measurements. C1 [Bessho, N.; Chen, L-J] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bessho, N.; Chen, L-J] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Shuster, J. R.; Wang, S.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Bessho, N (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM naoki.bessho@nasa.gov RI NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013 OI NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214 FU Theory and Modeling Program of the Magnetospheric Multi-scale mission; UNH, NSF [PHY-0903923, AGS-1202537]; NASA [NNX11AH03G] FX The work at NASA GSFC was supported by the Theory and Modeling Program of the Magnetospheric Multi-scale mission, and at UNH supported in part by NSF grants PHY-0903923 and AGS-1202537 and NASA grant NNX11AH03G. We acknowledge the use of computer resources at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center. The simulation data are available upon request from the authors. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 24 BP 8688 EP 8695 DI 10.1002/2014GL062034 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CA4ZN UT WOS:000348916500003 ER PT J AU Ghimire, B Williams, CA Masek, J Gao, F Wang, ZS Schaaf, C He, T AF Ghimire, Bardan Williams, Christopher A. Masek, Jeffrey Gao, Feng Wang, Zhuosen Schaaf, Crystal He, Tao TI Global albedo change and radiative cooling from anthropogenic land cover change, 1700 to 2005 based on MODIS, land use harmonization, radiative kernels, and reanalysis SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE albedo; land cover change; radiative forcing; MODIS; global climate system ID CLIMATE FEEDBACKS; SECONDARY LANDS; USE TRANSITIONS; SURFACE ALBEDO; WOOD-HARVEST; SCALE; CIRCULATION; PRODUCTS; MODELS; IMPACT AB Widespread anthropogenic land cover change over the last five centuries has influenced the global climate system through both biogeochemical and biophysical processes. Models indicate that warming from carbon emissions associated with land cover conversion has been partially offset by cooling from elevated albedo, but considerable uncertainty remains partly because of uncertainty in model treatments of albedo. This study incorporates a new spatially and temporally explicit, land cover specific albedo product derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer with a historical land use data set (Land Use Harmonization product) to provide more precise, observationally derived estimates of albedo impacts from anthropogenic land cover change with a complete range of data set specific uncertainty. The mean annual global albedo increase due to land cover change during 1700-2005 was estimated as 0.001060.00008 (meanstandard deviation), mainly driven by snow exposure due to land cover transitions from natural vegetation to agriculture. This translates to a top-of-atmosphere radiative cooling of -0.150.1Wm(-2) (meanstandard deviation). Our estimate was in the middle of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report range of -0.05 to -0.25Wm(-2) and incorporates variability in albedo within land cover classes. C1 [Ghimire, Bardan; Williams, Christopher A.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Ghimire, Bardan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Masek, Jeffrey; Wang, Zhuosen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gao, Feng] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Wang, Zhuosen; Schaaf, Crystal] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Environm, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [He, Tao] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ghimire, B (reprint author), Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM bghimire@lbl.gov RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; He, Tao/H-5130-2012 OI He, Tao/0000-0003-2079-7988 FU NASA ROSES09 Science of Terra and Aqua Program [NNX11AG53G] FX This work was funded by a grant from the NASA ROSES09 Science of Terra and Aqua Program through award NNX11AG53G. The data used in this paper can be obtained by contacting the authors. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 24 BP 9087 EP 9096 DI 10.1002/2014GL061671 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CA4ZN UT WOS:000348916500053 ER PT J AU Yang, WD Marshak, A Varnai, T Wood, R AF Yang, Weidong Marshak, Alexander Varnai, Tamas Wood, Robert TI CALIPSO observations of near-cloud aerosol properties as a function of cloud fraction SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CALIPSO; sampling; cloud fraction; aerosol; cloud; transition zone ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; MODIS OBSERVATIONS; CUMULUS CLOUDS; PRODUCTS; COVERAGE; SPACE; OCEAN; SMOKE; CERES AB This paper uses spaceborne lidar data to study how near-cloud aerosol statistics of attenuated backscatter depend on cloud fraction. The results for a large region around the Azores show that (1) far-from-cloud aerosol statistics are dominated by samples from scenes with lower cloud fractions, while near-cloud aerosol statistics are dominated by samples from scenes with higher cloud fractions; (2) near-cloud enhancements of attenuated backscatter occur for any cloud fraction but are most pronounced for higher cloud fractions; (3) the difference in the enhancements for different cloud fractions is most significant within 5km from clouds; (4) near-cloud enhancements can be well approximated by logarithmic functions of cloud fraction and distance to clouds. These findings demonstrate that if variability in cloud fraction across the scenes used for composite aerosol statistics is not considered, a sampling artifact will affect these statistics calculated as a function of distance to clouds. For the Azores region data set examined here, this artifact occurs mostly within 5km from clouds and exaggerates the near-cloud enhancements of lidar backscatter and color ratio by about 30%. This shows that for accurate characterization of the changes in aerosol properties with distance to clouds, it is important to account for the impact of changes in cloud fraction. C1 [Yang, Weidong] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Yang, Weidong; Marshak, Alexander; Varnai, Tamas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Varnai, Tamas] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Wood, Robert] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Yang, WD (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. EM Weidong.Yang@nasa.gov RI Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012; Wood, Robert/A-2989-2008 OI Wood, Robert/0000-0002-1401-3828 FU NASA CALIPSO; NASA [NNX13AQ35G]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science (BER) [DE-SC0005457, DE-SC0006865MOD0002] FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this research by the NASA CALIPSO project supervised by Charles Trepte and by the NASA award NNX13AQ35G, as well as the support from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science (BER) under grants DE-SC0005457 and DE-SC0006865MOD0002. We also thank Alex Kostinski, Alexei Lyapustin, and Larry Di Girolamo for helpful discussions and suggestions. The CALIPSO data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Sciences Data Center. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 24 BP 9150 EP 9157 DI 10.1002/2014GL061896 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CA4ZN UT WOS:000348916500061 ER PT J AU Zhou, C Dessler, AE Zelinka, MD Yang, P Wang, T AF Zhou, C. Dessler, A. E. Zelinka, M. D. Yang, P. Wang, T. TI Cirrus feedback on interannual climate fluctuations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cirrus; cloud feedback; climate change and variability ID TERM CLOUD FEEDBACK; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; LIDAR; ISCCP; IMPACT; ECMWF; MODIS AB Cirrus clouds are not only important in determining the current climate but also play an important role in climate change and variability. Analysis of satellite observations shows that the amount and altitude of cirrus clouds (cloud optical depth<3.6, cloud top pressure<440hPa) increase in response to interannual surface warming. Using cirrus cloud radiative kernels, the magnitude of the interannual cirrus feedback is estimated to be 0.200.21W/m(2)/degrees C, which represents an important component of the cloud feedback. Thus, cirrus clouds are likely to act as a positive feedback on interannual climate fluctuations, by reducing the Earth's ability to radiate longwave radiation to space in response to planetary surface warming. Most of the cirrus feedback comes from increasing cloud amount in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and subtropical upper troposphere. C1 [Zhou, C.; Dessler, A. E.; Yang, P.; Wang, T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zhou, C.; Zelinka, M. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. [Wang, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Zhou, C (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM czhou.atmo@gmail.com RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Zelinka, Mark/C-4627-2011; Wang, Tao/C-2381-2011; Dessler, Andrew/G-8852-2012 OI Zelinka, Mark/0000-0002-6570-5445; Wang, Tao/0000-0003-3430-8508; Dessler, Andrew/0000-0003-3939-4820 FU NASA [NNX10AM27G, NNX13AK25G]; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship [NNX12AN57H]; Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the Office of Science at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); DOE by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX CALIPSO level-2 cloud layer data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. ERA-Interim data were obtained from http://www.ecmwf.int. This study is supported by NASA grants NNX10AM27G and NNX13AK25G to Texas A&M University. C.Z. was supported by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship grant NNX12AN57H, also to Texas A&M University. M.D.Z. and C.Z. are supported by the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the Office of Science at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and were performed under the auspices of the DOE by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 24 BP 9166 EP 9173 DI 10.1002/2014GL062095 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CA4ZN UT WOS:000348916500063 ER PT J AU Keith, DW Duren, R MacMartin, DG AF Keith, David W. Duren, Riley MacMartin, Douglas G. TI Field experiments on solar geoengineering: report of a workshop exploring a representative research portfolio SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE solar geoengineering; solar radiation management; experiment ID CLOUD; CLIMATE AB We summarize a portfolio of possible field experiments on solar radiation management (SRM) and related technologies. The portfolio is intended to support analysis of potential field research related to SRM including discussions about the overall merit and risk of such research as well as mechanisms for governing such research and assessments of observational needs. The proposals were generated with contributions from leading researchers at a workshop held in March 2014 at which the proposals were critically reviewed. The proposed research dealt with three major classes of SRM proposals: marine cloud brightening, stratospheric aerosols and cirrus cloud manipulation. The proposals are summarized here along with an analysis exploring variables such as space and time scale, risk and radiative forcing. Possible gaps, biases and cross-cutting considerations are discussed. Finally, suggestions for plausible next steps in the development of a systematic research programme are presented. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. C1 [Keith, David W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Keith, David W.] Harvard Univ, Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Duren, Riley] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Earth Sci & Technol Directorate, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [MacMartin, Douglas G.] CALTECH, Dept Comp & Math Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Keith, DW (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Pierce Hall,29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM david_keith@harvard.edu RI MacMartin, Douglas/A-6333-2016 OI MacMartin, Douglas/0000-0003-1987-9417 FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology FX R.D.'s work on climate decision support was done at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology under contract to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD DEC 28 PY 2014 VL 372 IS 2031 SI SI AR 20140175 DI 10.1098/rsta.2014.0175 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AT9XW UT WOS:000345278000015 ER PT J AU Varble, A Zipser, EJ Fridlind, AM Zhu, P Ackerman, AS Chaboureau, JP Collis, S Fan, JW Hill, A Shipway, B AF Varble, Adam Zipser, Edward J. Fridlind, Ann M. Zhu, Ping Ackerman, Andrew S. Chaboureau, Jean-Pierre Collis, Scott Fan, Jiwen Hill, Adrian Shipway, Ben TI Evaluation of cloud-resolving and limited areamodel intercomparison simulations using TWP-ICE observations: 1. Deep convective updraft properties SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL VELOCITY CHARACTERISTICS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LARGE-SCALE DYNAMICS; SQUALL-LINE; TROPICAL CONVECTION; PART I; STRATIFORM PRECIPITATION; MICROPHYSICAL PROCESSES; TOGA-COARE; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION AB Ten 3-D cloud-resolving model simulations and four 3-D limited area model simulations of an intense mesoscale convective system observed on 23-24 January 2006 during the Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) are compared with each other and with observed radar reflectivity fields and dual-Doppler retrievals of vertical wind speeds in an attempt to explain published results showing a high bias in simulated convective radar reflectivity aloft. This high-bias results from ice water content being large, which is a product of large, strong convective updrafts, although hydrometeor size distribution assumptions modulate the size of this bias. Making snow mass more realistically proportional to D-2 rather than D-3 eliminates unrealistically large snow reflectivities over 40 dBZ in some simulations. Graupel, unlike snow, produces high biased reflectivity in all simulations, which is partly a result of parameterized microphysics but also partly a result of overly intense simulated updrafts. Peak vertical velocities in deep convective updrafts are greater than dual-Doppler-retrieved values, especially in the upper troposphere. Freezing of liquid condensate, often rain, lofted above the freezing level in simulated updraft cores greatly contributes to these excessive upper tropospheric vertical velocities. The strongest simulated updraft cores are nearly undiluted, with some of the strongest showing supercell characteristics during the multicellular (presquall) stage of the event. Decreasing horizontal grid spacing from 900 to 100 m slightly weakens deep updraft vertical velocity and moderately decreases the amount of condensate aloft but not enough to match observational retrievals. Therefore, overly intense simulated updrafts may additionally be a product of unrealistic interactions between convective dynamics, parameterized microphysics, and large-scale model forcing that promote different convective strengths than observed. C1 [Varble, Adam; Zipser, Edward J.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Fridlind, Ann M.; Ackerman, Andrew S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Zhu, Ping] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Chaboureau, Jean-Pierre] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Collis, Scott] Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Fan, Jiwen] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Climate Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hill, Adrian; Shipway, Ben] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Varble, A (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM a.varble@utah.edu RI Fan, Jiwen/E-9138-2011; Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012 OI Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253 FU Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research program [DEFG0208ER64557]; DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AI02-06ER64173, DE-FG03-02ER63337]; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; DOE National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division; DOE ASR program [DE-FG02-09ER64737]; DOE ASR program; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; ARM program FX This research was supported by the Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research program, award DEFG0208ER64557, Program Manager Ashley Williamson, with computing resources provided by the Center for High Performance Computing at the University of Utah. Simulations are available for download in the ARM archive (www.archive.arm.gov) or from Adam Varble (a.varble@utah.edu), and the dual-Doppler retrieval is available from Scott Collis (scollis@anl.gov). Special thanks are given to Peter May at the Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology for providing the CPOL radar data and derived rain rates. DHARMA simulations were supported by the DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through Interagency agreement DE-AI02-06ER64173 and contract DE-FG03-02ER63337, the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, the DOE National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, and the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division. Ping Zhu wishes to acknowledge his support from the DOE ASR program under grant DE-FG02-09ER64737. Jiwen Fan also thanks the support from the DOE ASR program. PNNL is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. The contribution of Scott Collis through Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 and was funded through the ARM program. We would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 117 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 24 BP 13891 EP 13918 DI 10.1002/2013JD021371 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ8IX UT WOS:000348460000017 ER PT J AU Varble, A Zipser, EJ Fridlind, AM Zhu, P Ackerman, AS Chaboureau, JP Fan, JW Hill, A Shipway, B Williams, C AF Varble, Adam Zipser, Edward J. Fridlind, Ann M. Zhu, Ping Ackerman, Andrew S. Chaboureau, Jean-Pierre Fan, Jiwen Hill, Adrian Shipway, Ben Williams, Christopher TI Evaluation of cloud-resolving and limited area model intercomparison simulations using TWP-ICE observations: 2. Precipitation microphysics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MIDLATITUDE SQUALL LINE; MULTIMOMENT BULK MICROPHYSICS; RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DUAL-FREQUENCY PROFILER; PART I; STRATIFORM PRECIPITATION; TROPICAL CONVECTION; POLARIZED RADAR; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITY AB Ten 3-D cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulations and four 3-D limited area model (LAM) simulations of an intense mesoscale convective system observed on 23-24 January 2006 during the Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) are compared with each other and with observations and retrievals from a scanning polarimetric radar, colocated UHF and VHF vertical profilers, and a Joss-Waldvogel disdrometer in an attempt to explain a low bias in simulated stratiform rainfall. Despite different forcing methodologies, similar precipitation microphysics errors appear in CRMs and LAMs with differences that depend on the details of the bulk microphysics scheme used. One-moment schemes produce too many small raindrops, which biases Doppler velocities low, but produces rainwater contents (RWCs) that are similar to observed. Two-moment rain schemes with a gamma shape parameter (mu) of 0 produce excessive size sorting, which leads to larger Doppler velocities than those produced in one-moment schemes but lower RWCs. Two-moment schemes also produce a convective median volume diameter distribution that is too broad relative to observations and, thus, may have issues balancing raindrop formation, collision-coalescence, and raindrop breakup. Assuming a mu of 2.5 rather than 0 for the raindrop size distribution improves one-moment scheme biases, and allowing mu to have values greater than 0 may improve excessive size sorting in two-moment schemes. Underpredicted stratiform rain rates are associated with underpredicted ice water contents at the melting level rather than excessive rain evaporation, in turn likely associated with convective detrainment that is too high in the troposphere and mesoscale circulations that are too weak. A limited domain size also prevents a large, well-developed stratiform region like the one observed from developing in CRMs, although LAMs also fail to produce such a region. C1 [Varble, Adam; Zipser, Edward J.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Fridlind, Ann M.; Ackerman, Andrew S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Zhu, Ping] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Chaboureau, Jean-Pierre] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Fan, Jiwen] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Climate Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hill, Adrian; Shipway, Ben] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Williams, Christopher] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, Christopher] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Varble, A (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM a.varble@utah.edu RI Fan, Jiwen/E-9138-2011; Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015; Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850; Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253 FU Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research program [DEFG0208ER64557]; DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AI02-06ER64173, DE-FG03-02ER63337]; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; DOE National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division; DOE ASR program [DE-FG02-09ER64737, DE-SC0007080]; DOE ASR program; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This research was supported by the Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research program, award DEFG0208ER64557, Program Manager Ashley Williamson, with computing resources provided by the Center for High Performance Computing at the University of Utah. Simulations are available for download in the ARM archive (www.archive.arm.gov) or from Adam Varble (a.varble@utah.edu). Special thanks are given to Peter May at the Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology for providing the CPOL radar data and derived rain rates and DSDs. DHARMA simulations were supported by the DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through interagency agreement DE-AI02-06ER64173 and contract DE-FG03-02ER63337, the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, the DOE National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, and the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division. Ping Zhu and Christopher Williams wish to acknowledge their support from the DOE ASR program under grants DE-FG02-09ER64737 and DE-SC0007080, respectively. Fan also thanks the support from the DOE ASR program. PNNL is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. We would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the quality of the paper. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 24 BP 13919 EP 13945 DI 10.1002/2013JD021372 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ8IX UT WOS:000348460000018 ER PT J AU Sayer, AM Munchak, LA Hsu, NC Levy, RC Bettenhausen, C Jeong, MJ AF Sayer, A. M. Munchak, L. A. Hsu, N. C. Levy, R. C. Bettenhausen, C. Jeong, M. -J. TI MODIS Collection 6 aerosol products: Comparison between Aqua's e-Deep Blue, Dark Target, and "merged" data sets, and usage recommendations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL DEPTH RETRIEVALS; DATA ASSIMILATION; PREMONSOON SEASON; LAND; AERONET; OCEAN; PERSPECTIVE; EMISSIONS; TRENDS; AFRICA AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Atmospheres data product suite includes three algorithms applied to retrieve midvisible aerosol optical depth (AOD): the Enhanced Deep Blue (DB) and Dark Target (DT) algorithms over land, and a DT over-water algorithm. All three have been refined in the recent "Collection 6" (C6) MODIS reprocessing. In particular, DB has been expanded to cover vegetated land surfaces as well as brighter desert/urban areas. Additionally, a new "merged" data set which draws from all three algorithms is included in the C6 products. This study is intended to act as a point of reference for new and experienced MODIS data users with which to understand the global and regional characteristics of the C6 DB, DT, and merged data sets, based on MODIS Aqua data. This includes validation against Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) observations at 111 sites, focused toward regional and categorical (surface/aerosol type) analysis. Neither algorithm consistently outperforms the other, although in many cases the retrieved AOD and the level of its agreement with AERONET are very similar. In many regions the DB, DT, and merged data sets are all suitable for quantitative applications, bearing in mind that they cannot be considered independent, while in other cases one algorithm does consistently outperform the other. Usage recommendations and caveats are thus somewhat complicated and regionally dependent. C1 [Sayer, A. M.; Munchak, L. A.; Hsu, N. C.; Levy, R. C.; Bettenhausen, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sayer, A. M.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Munchak, L. A.; Bettenhausen, C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Jeong, M. -J.] Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Gangneung City, Gangwong Provin, South Korea. RP Sayer, AM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM andrew.sayer@nasa.gov RI Sayer, Andrew/H-2314-2012; Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013 OI Sayer, Andrew/0000-0001-9149-1789; Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303 FU NASA EOS program; Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2012-2064] FX This work was supported by the NASA EOS program, managed by H. Maring. M.-J. Jeong's work was supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2012-2064. The authors gratefully acknowledge the AERONET team and site PIs for the creation and stewardship of the Sun-photometer data records, as well as useful comments pertaining to individual sites: I. Abboud, S. F. Abdullaev, J. Agnew, N. X. Anh, A. Ansmann, P. Artaxo, A. Bais, A. C. Banks, F. Baret, C. J. Bruegge (Caltech/JPL), V. E. Cachorro Revilla, M. L. Cancillo Fernandez, A. Chaikovsky, B. Chatenet, H.-B. Chen, N. Chubarova, A. L. Contreras, S. Corradini, E. Cuevas-Agullo, G. Dedieu, P. C. S. Devara, S. Dorado, B. Duchemin, T. F. Eck, V. Fioletov, D. Griffith, B. Gross, P. Goloub, W. M. Hao, B. N. Holben, J. Huang, S. Janjai, A. Karnieli, Y. J. Kim, C. M. B. Lehmann, G. de Leeuw, p. Lestari, N.-H. Lin, P.-H. Lin, K.-N. Liou, J. A. M. Lozano, D. Meyer, R. Mitchell, M. J. Montero-Martinez, F. Morais, J. P. Morel, B. Mougenot (CES-BIO, Toulouse, France), N. T. O'Neill, M. Panchenko, A. Panday, S. Payra, E. B. Pereira, M. R. Perrone, A. Pietruczuk, S. Piketh, R. T. Pinker, E. Quel, J. L. Rajot, K. Repasky, J. A. Shaw, A. M. Silva, R. P. Singh, A. Sinyuk, A. Smirnov, P. Sobolewski, G. Stensaas, S. Teggi, D. Tanre, S. N. Tripathi, J. R. Vande Castle, C. Walthall, P. Wang, I. H. Woodhouse, X. Xia, W. Zhang, and G. Zibordi. Site managers, especially those in remote areas, and supporting institutions are also thanked for their extensive efforts. The Bratts Lake and Egbert AERONET sites are also part of AERO-CAN, and the support of Environment Canada and the Universite de Sherbrooke is acknowledged for these. The Chilbolton site's instrument is provided by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Facilities for Science. The Australian sites are affiliated with AeroSpan, and the support of CSIRO is acknowledged. The MODIS Characterization Support Team and Ocean Biology Processing Group are thanked for their extensive efforts in maintaining the high radiometric quality of MODIS data. L. A. Remer, A. Marshak, and other attendees at NASA GSFC's AeroCenter seminar series are thanked for their comments on an early version of this analysis, as is R. Simmon (NASA GSFC) for useful discussions on graphics and color palettes. AERONET data are available from aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov and MODIS data from ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov. F.-M. Breon and two anonymous reviewers are thanked for helpful comments, which have improved the manuscript. NR 75 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 15 U2 51 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 24 BP 13965 EP 13989 DI 10.1002/2014JD022453 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ8IX UT WOS:000348460000020 ER PT J AU Valenzuela, A Olmo, FJ Lyamani, H Granados-Munoz, MJ Anton, M Guerrero-Rascado, JL Quirantes, A Toledano, C Perez-Ramirez, D Alados-Arboledas, L AF Valenzuela, A. Olmo, F. J. Lyamani, H. Granados-Munoz, M. J. Anton, M. Guerrero-Rascado, J. L. Quirantes, A. Toledano, C. Perez-Ramirez, D. Alados-Arboledas, L. TI Aerosol transport over the western Mediterranean basin: Evidence of the contribution of fine particles to desert dust plumes over Alboran Island SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SCAR-B EXPERIMENT; 2003 HEAT-WAVE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SAHARAN DUST; SOUTHEASTERN SPAIN; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; AERONET OBSERVATIONS; COLUMNAR PROPERTIES; MODIS; LAMPEDUSA AB Eight months (June 2011 to January 2012) of aerosol property data were obtained at the remote site of Alboran Island (35.95 degrees N, 3.03 degrees W) in the western Mediterranean basin. The aim of this work is to assess the aerosol properties according to air mass origin and transport over this remote station with a special focus on air mass transport from North Africa. For air masses coming from North Africa, different aerosol properties showed strong contributions from mineral dust lifted from desert areas. Nevertheless, during these desert dust intrusions, some atmospheric aerosol properties are clearly different from pure mineral dust particles. Thus, Angstrom exponent a(440-870) presents larger values than those reported for pure desert dust measured close to dust source regions. These results combine with alpha(440, 670) - alpha(670, 870) >= 0.1 and low single scattering albedo (omega(lambda)) values, especially at the largest wavelengths. Most of the desert dust intrusions over Alboran can be described as a mixture of dust and anthropogenic particles. The analyses support that our results apply to North Africa desert dust air masses transported from different source areas. Therefore, our results indicate a significant contribution of fine absorbing particles during desert dust intrusions over Alboran arriving from different source regions. The aerosol optical depth data retrieved from Sun photometer measurements have been used to check Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer retrievals, and they show reasonable agreement, especially for North African air masses. C1 [Valenzuela, A.; Olmo, F. J.; Lyamani, H.; Granados-Munoz, M. J.; Guerrero-Rascado, J. L.; Quirantes, A.; Alados-Arboledas, L.] Univ Granada, Dept Fis Aplicada, Granada, Spain. [Valenzuela, A.; Olmo, F. J.; Lyamani, H.; Granados-Munoz, M. J.; Guerrero-Rascado, J. L.; Alados-Arboledas, L.] Univ Granada, Grp Fis Atmosfera, IISTA, Granada, Spain. [Anton, M.] Univ Extremadura, Dept Fis, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain. [Toledano, C.] Univ Valladolid, Grp Opt Atmosfer, Valladolid, Spain. [Perez-Ramirez, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perez-Ramirez, D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD USA. RP Valenzuela, A (reprint author), Univ Granada, Dept Fis Aplicada, Granada, Spain. EM avalenzuela@ugr.es RI Olmo Reyes, Francisco Jose/F-7621-2016; Quirantes, Arturo/P-9582-2016; Perez-Ramirez, Daniel/Q-1129-2016; Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose/G-9308-2014; Toledano, Carlos/J-3672-2012; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/P-5630-2014; Guerrero Rascado, Juan Luis/K-3631-2013; OI Olmo Reyes, Francisco Jose/0000-0002-0186-1721; Quirantes, Arturo/0000-0001-8756-3313; Perez-Ramirez, Daniel/0000-0002-7679-6135; Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose/0000-0001-8718-5914; Toledano, Carlos/0000-0002-6890-6648; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/0000-0003-3576-7167; Guerrero-Rascado, J. L./0000-0002-8317-2304 FU Andalusia Regional Government [P12-RNM-2409, P10-RNM-6299]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology [CGL2010-18782, CGL2013-45410-R]; EU through ACTRIS [EU INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254]; University of Granada [9]; ACTRIS (European Union) [262254]; RES (Spanish Supercomputation Network) [AECT-2009-1-0012, AECT-2011-3-0016]; Royal Institute and Observatory of the Spanish Navy (ROA); [AP2009-0552] FX This work was supported by the Andalusia Regional Government through projects P12-RNM-2409 and P10-RNM-6299, by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through projects CGL2010-18782 and CGL2013-45410-R, by the EU through ACTRIS project (EU INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254), and by the University of Granada through the contract "Plan Propio. Programa 9. Convocatoria 2013." CIMEL Calibration was performed at the AERONET-EUROPE calibration center (http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov), supported by ACTRIS (European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 262254). Granados-Munoz was funded under grant AP2009-0552. ALFA database computation was partly supported by RES (Spanish Supercomputation Network) computing resources (projects AECT-2009-1-0012 and AECT-2011-3-0016). The authors express gratitude to the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model (http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php). We gratefully acknowledge the MODIS mission scientists and associated NASA personnel for the production of the data used in this publication (http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/). Finally, the authors gratefully acknowledge the outstanding support received from Royal Institute and Observatory of the Spanish Navy (ROA). We also thank Alexander Smirnov for his help and advice in the preparation of the manuscript. NR 79 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 24 BP 14028 EP 14044 DI 10.1002/2014JD022044 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ8IX UT WOS:000348460000023 ER PT J AU Strahan, SE Douglass, AR Newman, PA Steenrod, SD AF Strahan, S. E. Douglass, A. R. Newman, P. A. Steenrod, S. D. TI Inorganic chlorine variability in the Antarctic vortex and implications for ozone recovery SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-POLE; IN-SITU; TRANSPORT; HOLE; STRATOSPHERE; VALIDATION; AEROSOL; WINTER AB We infer the interannual variability of inorganic chlorine in the Antarctic lower stratospheric vortex using 9 years of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) nitrous oxide (N2O) measurements and a previously measured compact correlation. Inorganic chlorine (Cl-y) is the sum of the destruction products of long-lived chlorine-containing source gases. Its correlation with N2O, derived from observations in the year 2000, is scaled to the years 2004-2012 to account for subsequent N2O growth and chlorofluorocarbon decline. The expected annual Cly change due to the Montreal Protocol is -20 ppt/yr, but the MLS-inferred Cly varies year-to-year from -200 to + 150 ppt. Because of this large variability, attributing Antarctic ozone recovery to a statistically significant chlorine trend requires 10 years of chlorine decline. We examine the relationship between equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC) and ozone hole area. Temperature variations driven by dynamics are a primary contributor to area variability, but we find a clear linear relationship between EESC and area during years when Antarctic collar temperatures are 1 sigma or more below the mean. This relationship suggests that smaller ozone hole areas in recent cold years 2008 and 2011 are responding to decreased chlorine loading. Using ozone hole areas from 1979 to 2013, the projected EESC decline, and the inferred interannual Cly variability, we expect ozone hole areas greater than 20 million km(2) will occur during very cold years until 2040. After that time, all ozone hole areas are likely to be below that size due to reduced EESC levels. C1 [Strahan, S. E.; Steenrod, S. D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Strahan, S. E.; Douglass, A. R.; Newman, P. A.; Steenrod, S. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Strahan, SE (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. EM susan.e.strahan@nasa.gov RI Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012 FU NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program; NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program FX This work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program and the NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program. MLS data are available at http://mls.jpl.nasa.gov. GMI simulation output is available by request to susan.e.strahan@nasa.gov. We thank Eric Nash for providing column O3 measurements on the NASA Ozone Watch website, http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/meteorology/annual_data.html. We genuinely appreciate the insightful and constructive comments from the reviewers. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 24 BP 14098 EP 14109 DI 10.1002/2014JD022295 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ8IX UT WOS:000348460000027 ER PT J AU Ray, EA Moore, FL Rosenlof, KH Davis, SM Sweeney, C Tans, P Wang, T Elkins, JW Bonisch, H Engel, A Sugawara, S Nakazawa, T Aoki, S AF Ray, Eric A. Moore, Fred L. Rosenlof, Karen H. Davis, Sean M. Sweeney, Colm Tans, Pieter Wang, Tao Elkins, James W. Boenisch, Harald Engel, Andreas Sugawara, Satoshi Nakazawa, T. Aoki, S. TI Improving stratospheric transport trend analysis based on SF6 and CO2 measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; PINATUBO AEROSOL; ERA-INTERIM; PIPE MODEL; MEAN AGE; AIR; CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS; DIFFUSIVITY; TROPOSPHERE AB In this study we reexamine nearly four decades of in situ balloon-based stratospheric observations of SF6 and CO2 with an idealized model and reanalysis products. We use new techniques to account for the spatial and temporal inhomogeneity of the sparse balloon profiles and to calculate stratospheric mean ages of air more consistently from the observations with the idealized model. By doing so we are able to more clearly show and account for the variability of mean age of air throughout the bulk of the depth of the stratosphere. From an idealized model guided by the observations, we identify variability in the mean age due to the seasonal cycle of stratospheric transport, the quasi-biennial oscillation in tropical zonal winds, major volcanic eruptions, and linear trends that vary significantly with altitude. We calculate a negative mean age trend in the lowest 5 km of the stratosphere that agrees within uncertainties with a trend calculated from a set of chemistry climate model mean ages in this layer. The mean age trends reverse sign in the middle and upper stratosphere and are in agreement with a previous positive trend estimate using the same observational data set, although we have substantially reduced the uncertainty on the trend. Our analysis shows that a long time series of in situ profile measurements of trace gases such as SF6 and CO2 can be a unique and useful indicator of stratospheric circulation variability on a range of time scales and an important contributor to help validate the stratospheric portion of global chemistry climate models. However, with only SF6 and CO2 measurements, the competing effects on mean age between mean circulation and mixing (tropical entrainment) are not uniquely separable. C1 [Ray, Eric A.; Rosenlof, Karen H.; Davis, Sean M.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ray, Eric A.; Moore, Fred L.; Davis, Sean M.; Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moore, Fred L.; Sweeney, Colm; Tans, Pieter; Elkins, James W.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wang, Tao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Wang, Tao] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Boenisch, Harald; Engel, Andreas] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. [Sugawara, Satoshi] Miyagi Univ Educ, Inst Earth Sci, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. [Nakazawa, T.; Aoki, S.] Tohoku Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Studies, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. RP Ray, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM eric.ray@noaa.gov RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Wang, Tao/C-2381-2011; Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Engel, Andreas/E-3100-2014 OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Wang, Tao/0000-0003-3430-8508; Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Engel, Andreas/0000-0003-0557-3935 FU NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) program; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement and Terrestrial Ecology Programs [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) program. We would like to thank the balloon instrument groups that took the original measurements used in Engel et al. [2009]. We thank Marc L. Fischer for coordinating the flight campaigns and other personnel for their assistance at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Research Measurement Southern Great Plains (ARM-SGP) on January 2012. Work at ARM-SGP was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement and Terrestrial Ecology Programs. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for comments that led to an improved manuscript. The MERRA output was obtained from NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/mdisc/). The NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis I output was obtained from NOAA ESRL Physical Sciences Division (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/reanalysis/reanalysis.shtml). The ERA-40 and ERA-Interim output was obtained from ECMWF (http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/). NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 24 BP 14110 EP 14128 DI 10.1002/2014JD021802 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ8IX UT WOS:000348460000028 ER PT J AU Gandhiraman, RP Nordlund, D Jayan, V Meyyappan, M Koehne, JE AF Gandhiraman, Ram P. Nordlund, Dennis Jayan, Vivek Meyyappan, M. Koehne, Jessica E. TI Scalable Low-Cost Fabrication of Disposable Paper Sensors for DNA Detection SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE paper sensors; DNA detection; X-ray absorption; NEXAFS; cellulose functionalization ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; BOND LENGTHS; PLASMONIC NANOSTRUCTURES; EXCITATION SPECTROSCOPY; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; ANALYTICAL DEVICES; SURFACES; NEXAFS; MOLECULES AB Controlled integration of features that enhance the analytical performance of a sensor chip is a challenging task in the development of paper sensors. A critical issue in the fabrication of low-cost biosensor chips is the activation of the device surface in a reliable and controllable manner compatible with large-scale production. Here, we report stable, well-adherent, and repeatable site-selective deposition of bioreactive amine functionalities and biorepellant polyethylene glycol-like (PEG) functionalities on paper sensors by aerosol-assisted, atmospheric-pressure, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. This approach requires only 20 s of deposition time, compared to previous reports on cellulose functionalization, which takes hours. A detailed analysis of the near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and its sensitivity to the local electronic structure of the carbon and nitrogen functionalities. sigma*, pi*, and Rydberg transitions in C and N K-edges are presented. Application of the plasma-processed paper sensors in DNA detection is also demonstrated. C1 [Gandhiraman, Ram P.; Jayan, Vivek; Meyyappan, M.; Koehne, Jessica E.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Nordlund, Dennis] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Meyyappan, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM m.meyyappan@nasa.gov RI Nordlund, Dennis/A-8902-2008; Gandhiraman, Ram Prasad/B-7004-2013 OI Nordlund, Dennis/0000-0001-9524-6908; Gandhiraman, Ram Prasad/0000-0001-8957-7938 FU Nanotechnology Thematic Project in NASA's Game Changing Development Program; Presidential Early Career Award; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of General Medical Sciences [P41GM103393] FX This work was supported by the Nanotechnology Thematic Project in NASA's Game Changing Development Program. J.K. acknowledges a Presidential Early Career Award. R.P.G. is with the Universities Space Research Association, subcontracted to NASA Ames Research Center, under a NASA cooperative agreement. Use of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of General Medical Sciences (including No. P41GM103393). The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NIGMS or NIH. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD DEC 24 PY 2014 VL 6 IS 24 BP 22751 EP 22760 DI 10.1021/am5069003 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AX8DA UT WOS:000347139400121 PM 25423585 ER PT J AU Lee, C Zhang, ZS Steinbrecher, GR Zhou, HC Mower, J Zhong, T Wang, LG Hu, XL Horansky, RD Verma, VB Lita, AE Mirin, RP Marsili, F Shaw, MD Nam, SW Wornell, GW Wong, FNC Shapiro, JH Englund, D AF Lee, Catherine Zhang, Zheshen Steinbrecher, Gregory R. Zhou, Hongchao Mower, Jacob Zhong, Tian Wang, Ligong Hu, Xiaolong Horansky, Robert D. Verma, Varun B. Lita, Adriana E. Mirin, Richard P. Marsili, Francesco Shaw, Matthew D. Nam, Sae Woo Wornell, Gregory W. Wong, Franco N. C. Shapiro, Jeffrey H. Englund, Dirk TI Entanglement-based quantum communication secured by nonlocal dispersion cancellation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID KEY DISTRIBUTION; STATES; PHOTONS; CONVERSION; PROOF AB Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables participants to exchange secret information over long distances with unconditional security. However, the performance of today's QKD systems is subject to hardware limitations, such as those of available nonclassical-light sources and single-photon detectors. By encoding photons in high-dimensional states, the rate of generating secure information under these technical constraints can be maximized. Here, we demonstrate a complete time-energy entanglement-based QKD system with proven security against the broad class of arbitrary collective attacks. The security of the system is based on nonlocal dispersion cancellation between two time-energy entangled photons. This resource-efficient QKD system is implemented at telecommunications wavelength, is suitable for optical fiber and free-space links, and is compatible with wavelength-division multiplexing. C1 [Lee, Catherine; Zhang, Zheshen; Steinbrecher, Gregory R.; Zhou, Hongchao; Mower, Jacob; Zhong, Tian; Wang, Ligong; Hu, Xiaolong; Wornell, Gregory W.; Wong, Franco N. C.; Shapiro, Jeffrey H.; Englund, Dirk] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lee, Catherine] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Horansky, Robert D.; Verma, Varun B.; Lita, Adriana E.; Mirin, Richard P.; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marsili, Francesco; Shaw, Matthew D.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lee, C (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU DARPA Information in a Photon program from the Army Research Office [W911NF-10-1-0416]; Columbia Optics and Quantum Electronics IGERT under NSF [DGE1069420] FX This work was supported by the DARPA Information in a Photon program, through Grant No. W911NF-10-1-0416 from the Army Research Office, and the Columbia Optics and Quantum Electronics IGERT under NSF Grant No. DGE1069420. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 22 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 6 AR 062331 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.062331 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AX3FB UT WOS:000346824600005 ER PT J AU Rowan-Robinson, M Wang, LY Wardlow, J Farrah, D Oliver, S Bock, J Clarke, C Clements, D Ibar, E Gonzalez-Solares, E Marchetti, L Scott, D Smith, A Vaccari, M Valtchanov, I AF Rowan-Robinson, Michael Wang, Lingyu Wardlow, Julie Farrah, Duncan Oliver, Seb Bock, Jamie Clarke, Charlotte Clements, David Ibar, Edo Gonzalez-Solares, Eduardo Marchetti, Lucia Scott, Douglas Smith, Anthony Vaccari, Mattia Valtchanov, Ivan TI Detailed modelling of a large sample of Herschel sources in the Lockman Hole: identification of cold dust and of lensing candidates through their anomalous SEDs SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing: strong; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: starburst; cosmology: observations; infrared: galaxies; submillimetre: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODELS; STRONGLY LENSED GALAXIES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; FSC REDSHIFT CATALOG; SWIRE LEGACY SURVEY; EXTRAGALACTIC SURVEY; STARBURST GALAXIES; INFRARED-EMISSION AB We have studied in detail a sample of 967 SPIRE sources with 5 sigma detections at 350 and 500 p.m and associations with Spitzer-S WIRE 24 p.m galaxies in the HerMES-Lockman survey area, fitting their mid- and far-infrared, and submillimetre, spectral energy distributions (SEDs) in an automatic search with a set of six infrared templates. For almost 300 galaxies, we have modelled their SEDs individually to ensure the physicality of the fits. We confirm the need for the new cool and cold cirrus templates, and also of the young starburst template, introduced in earlier work. We also identify 109 lensing candidates via their anomalous SEDs and provide a set of colour redshift constraints which allow lensing candidates to be identified from combined Herschel and Spitzer data. The picture that emerges of the submillimetre galaxy population is complex, comprising ultraluminous and hyperluminous starbursts, lower luminosity galaxies dominated by interstellar dust emission, lensed galaxies and galaxies with surprisingly cold (10-13 K) dust. 11 per cent of 500 p.m selected sources are lensing candidates. 70 per cent of the unlensed sources are ultraluminous infrared galaxies and 26 per cent are hyperluminous. 34 per cent are dominated by optically thin interstellar dust ('cirrus') emission, but most of these are due to cooler dust than is characteristic of our Galaxy. At the highest infrared luminosities we see SEDs dominated by M82, Arp 220 and young starburst types, in roughly equal proportions. C1 [Rowan-Robinson, Michael; Clements, David] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Astrophys Grp, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Wang, Lingyu] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Wardlow, Julie] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Farrah, Duncan] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Oliver, Seb; Clarke, Charlotte; Smith, Anthony] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Bock, Jamie] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, Jamie] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ibar, Edo] Univ Valparaiso, Inst Fis & Astron, Valparaiso, Chile. [Gonzalez-Solares, Eduardo] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Marchetti, Lucia] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Scott, Douglas] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Vaccari, Mattia] Univ Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa. [Valtchanov, Ivan] European Space Astron Ctr, Herschel Sci Ctr, E-28691 Madrid, Spain. RP Rowan-Robinson, M (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Astrophys Grp, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM mrr@imperial.ac.uk RI Wardlow, Julie/C-9903-2015; Vaccari, Mattia/R-3431-2016; OI Wardlow, Julie/0000-0003-2376-8971; Vaccari, Mattia/0000-0002-6748-0577; Marchetti, Lucia/0000-0003-3948-7621 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/L000652/1]; European Commission Research Executive Agency REA [607254]; CONICYT/FONDECYT [3130504]; CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA (France); CNES (France); CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC (UK); NASA (USA); Danish National Research Foundation FX SPIRE has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by Cardiff Univ. (UK) and including Univ. Lethbridge (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, LAM (France); IFSI, Univ. Padua (Italy); IAC (Spain); Stockholm Observatory (Sweden); Imperial College London, RAL, UCL-MSSL, UKATC, Univ. Sussex (UK); Caltech, JPL, NHSC, Univ. Colorado (USA). This development has been supported by national funding agencies: CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC (UK); and NASA (USA). The Dark Cosmology Centre (JW) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation.; SJO acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (grant numbers ST/L000652/1) and from the European Commission Research Executive Agency REA (Grant Agreement Number 607254).; EI acknowledges funding from CONICYT/FONDECYT postdoctoral project no.: 3130504. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2014 VL 445 IS 4 BP 3848 EP 3861 DI 10.1093/mnras/stu1959 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AX5JY UT WOS:000346963300040 ER PT J AU Cutini, S Ciprini, S Orienti, M Tramacere, A D'Ammando, F Verrecchia, F Polenta, G Carrasco, L D'Elia, V Giommi, P Gonzalez-Nuevo, J Grandi, P Harrison, D Hays, E Larsson, S Lahteenmaki, A Leon-Tavares, J Lopez-Caniego, M Natoli, P Ojha, R Partridge, B Porras, A Reyes, L Recias, E Torresill, E AF Cutini, S. Ciprini, S. Orienti, M. Tramacere, A. D'Ammando, F. Verrecchia, F. Polenta, G. Carrasco, L. D'Elia, V. Giommi, P. Gonzalez-Nuevo, J. Grandi, P. Harrison, D. Hays, E. Larsson, S. Lahteenmaki, A. Leon-Tavares, J. Lopez-Caniego, M. Natoli, P. Ojha, R. Partridge, B. Porras, A. Reyes, L. Recias, E. Torresill, E. TI Radio-gamma-ray connection and spectral evolution in 4C+49.22 (S4 1150+49): the Fermi, Swift and Planck view SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; quasars: general; quasars: individual: 4C+49.22; gamma-rays: galaxies; X-rays: galaxies ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; PRE-LAUNCH STATUS; BLAZAR PKS 1510-089; X-RAY; SKY SURVEY; SOURCE CATALOG; VLA OBSERVATIONS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS AB The Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detected a strong gamma-ray flare on 2011 May 15 from a source identified as 4C +49.22, a flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) also known as S4 1150+49. This blazar, characterized by a prominent radio-optical-X-ray jet, was in a low gamma-ray activity state during the first years of Fermi observations. Simultaneous observations during the quiescent, outburst and post-flare gamma-ray states were obtained by Swift, Planck and optical-IR-radio telescopes (Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica, Catalina Sky Survey, Very Long Baseline Array [VLBA], Metsahovi). The flare is observed from microwave to X-ray bands with correlated variability and the Fermi, Swift and Planck data for this FSRQ show some features more typical of BL Lac objects, like the synchrotron peak in the optical band that outshines the thermal blue-bump emission, and the X-ray spectral softening. Multi-epoch VLBA observations show the ejection of a new component close in time with the GeV gamma-ray flare. The radio-to-gamma-ray spectral energy distribution is modelled and fitted successfully for the outburst and the post-flare epochs using either a single flaring blob with two emission processes (synchrotron self-Compton (SSC), and external-radiation Compton), and a two-zone model with SSC-only mechanism. C1 [Cutini, S.; Ciprini, S.; Verrecchia, F.; Polenta, G.; D'Elia, V.; Giommi, P.; Natoli, P.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Cutini, S.; Ciprini, S.; Verrecchia, F.; Polenta, G.; D'Elia, V.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Orienti, M.; D'Ammando, F.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Orienti, M.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] Univ Geneva, ISDC Data Ctr Astrophys, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [D'Ammando, F.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Carrasco, L.; Porras, A.; Recias, E.] Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla 72860, Mexico. [Gonzalez-Nuevo, J.; Lopez-Caniego, M.] Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [Gonzalez-Nuevo, J.] SISSA, Astrophys Sect, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. [Grandi, P.; Torresill, E.] INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Harrison, D.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Harrison, D.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Hays, E.; Ojha, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ORAU, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Larsson, S.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Lahteenmaki, A.] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Lahteenmaki, A.] Aalto Univ, Dept Radio Sci & Engn, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. [Leon-Tavares, J.] INAOE, Puebla 72000, Mexico. [Leon-Tavares, J.] Univ Turku, Finnish Ctr Astron ESO FINCA, FI-21500 Piikkio, Finland. [Natoli, P.] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis & Sci Terra, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Natoli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Partridge, B.] Haverford Coll, Dept Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Reyes, L.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 94307 USA. RP Cutini, S (reprint author), ASI Sci Data Ctr, Via Politecn Snc, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM sara.cutini@asdc.asi.it RI Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; Lopez-Caniego, Marcos/M-4695-2013; Gonzalez-Nuevo, Joaquin/I-3562-2014; OI Lopez-Caniego, Marcos/0000-0003-1016-9283; Polenta, Gianluca/0000-0003-4067-9196; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Gonzalez-Nuevo, Joaquin/0000-0003-1354-6822; Verrecchia, Francesco/0000-0003-3455-5082; Grandi, Paola/0000-0003-1848-6013; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; D'Elia, Valerio/0000-0002-7320-5862; TORRESI, ELEONORA/0000-0002-5201-010X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nudeare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France; ESA (France); CNES (France); CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI (Italy); CNR (Italy); INAF (Italy); NASA (USA); DoE (USA); STFC (UK); UKSA (UK); CSIC (Spain); MICINN (Spain); JA (Spain); Tekes (Finland); AoF (Finland); CSC (Finland); DLR (Germany); MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); DEISA (EU); Academy of Finland [212656, 210338]; Spanish CSIC; European Social Fund; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [AYA2012-39475-C02-01]; Consolider-Ingenio [CSD2010-00064]; NASA [NNG05GF22G]; U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0909182]; INAOE Astrophysics Department FX The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nudeare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France.; The Planck Collaboration acknowledges the support of: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN and JA (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal) and DEISA (EU).; The Metsahovi team acknowledges the support from the Academy of Finland to our observing projects (numbers 212656, 210338, and others).; JGN acknowledges financial support from the Spanish CSIC for a JAE-DOC fellowship, co-funded by the European Social Fund, and by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, AYA2012-39475-C02-01, and Consolider-Ingenio 2010, CSD2010-00064, projects.; This research has made use of observations from the MOJAVE data base that is maintained by the MOJAVE team. The MOJAVE project is supported under National Science Foundation grant 0807860-AST and NASA-Fermi grant NNX08AV67G. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO VLBA) is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.; This research has made use of observations from the CSS. CSS is funded by the NASA under Grant No. NNG05GF22G issued through the Science Mission Directorate Near-Earth Objects Observations Program. The CRTS survey is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants AST-0909182.; This research has made use of observations obtained with the 2.1-m telescope of the Observatorio Astrofisico Guillermo Haro (OAGH), in the state of Sonora, Mexico, operated by the Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica (INAOE), Mexico. OAGH thanks funding from the INAOE Astrophysics Department. NR 131 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2014 VL 445 IS 4 BP 4316 EP 4334 DI 10.1093/mnras/stu2011 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AX5JY UT WOS:000346963300078 ER PT J AU Atrio-Barandela, F Kashlinsky, A AF Atrio-Barandela, F. Kashlinsky, A. TI PROBING THE EPOCH OF PRE-REIONIZATION BY CROSS-CORRELATING COSMIC MICROWAVE AND INFRARED BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; dark ages, reionization, first stars ID POPULATION-III STARS; 1ST GALAXIES; FLUCTUATIONS; UNIVERSE AB The epoch of first star formation and the state of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at that time are not directly observable with current telescopes. The radiation from those early sources is now part of the cosmic infrared background (CIB) and, as these sources ionize the gas around them, the IGM plasma would produce faint temperature anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) via the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (TSZ) effect. While these TSZ anisotropies are too faint to be detected, we show that the cross-correlation of maps of source-subtracted CIB fluctuations from Euclid, with suitably constructed microwave maps at different frequencies, can probe the physical state of the gas during reionization and test/constrain models of the early CIB sources. We identify the frequency-combined, CMB-subtracted microwave maps from space-and ground-based instruments to show that they can be cross-correlated with the forthcoming all-sky Euclid CIB maps to detect the cross-power at scales similar to 5'-60' with signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) of up to S/N similar to 4-8 depending on the contribution to the Thomson optical depth during those pre-reionization epochs (Delta tau similar or equal to 0.05) and the temperature of the IGM (up to similar to 10(4) K). Such a measurement would offer a new window to explore the emergence and physical properties of these first light sources. C1 [Atrio-Barandela, F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kashlinsky, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kashlinsky, A.] SSAI, Lanham, MD 20770 USA. RP Atrio-Barandela, F (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM atrio@usal.es; Alexander.Kashlinsky@nasa.gov RI Atrio-Barandela, Fernando/A-7379-2017 OI Atrio-Barandela, Fernando/0000-0002-2130-2513 FU LIBRAE project [NNN12AA01C]; Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [FIS2012-30926] FX NASA's support to the LIBRAE project (PI: A. Kashlinsky) NNN12AA01C is gratefully acknowledged. F.A.B. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (project FIS2012-30926). We thank Eric Switzer for useful information on current and future CMB experiments and Rick Arendt and Ed Wollack for comments on the draft manuscript. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 797 IS 2 AR L26 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/797/2/L26 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY3CL UT WOS:000347462000014 ER PT J AU Keek, L Ballantyne, DR Kuulkers, E Strohmayer, TE AF Keek, L. Ballantyne, D. R. Kuulkers, E. Strohmayer, T. E. TI X-RAYING AN ACCRETION DISK IN REALTIME: THE EVOLUTION OF IONIZED REFLECTION DURING A SUPERBURST FROM 4U1636-536 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars: individual (4U 1636-536); stars: neutron; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: bursts ID TIMING-EXPLORER; 4U 1636-536; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; NEUTRON-STARS; BURSTS; MASS; RADIATION; SPECTRA; RADIUS AB When a thermonuclear X-ray burst ignites on an accreting neutron star, the accretion disk undergoes sudden strong X-ray illumination, which can drive a range of processes in the disk. Observations of superbursts, with durations of several hours, provide the best opportunity to study these processes and to probe accretion physics. Using detailed models of X-ray reflection, we perform time resolved spectroscopy of the superburst observed from 4U 1636-536 in 2001 with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer. The spectra are consistent with a blackbody reflecting off a photoionized accretion disk, with the ionization state dropping with time. The evolution of the reflection fraction indicates that the initial reflection occurs from a part of the disk at larger radius, subsequently transitioning to reflection from an inner region of the disk. Even though this superburst did not reach the Eddington limit, we find that a strong local absorber develops during the superburst. Including this event, only two superbursts have been observed by an instrument with sufficient collecting area to allow for this analysis. It highlights the exciting opportunity for future X-ray observatories to investigate the processes in accretion disks when illuminated by superbursts. C1 [Keek, L.; Ballantyne, D. R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kuulkers, E.] European Space Astron Ctr, ESA, Sci Operat Dept, E-28691 Madrid, Spain. [Strohmayer, T. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Keek, L (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, 837 State St, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM l.keek@gatech.edu FU NASA [NNX13AI47G]; NSF [AST 1008067] FX L.K. and D.R.B. acknowledge support from NASA ADAP grant NNX13AI47G and NSF award AST 1008067. L.K. and E. K. are members of an International Team on thermonuclear bursts hosted by ISSI in Bern, Switzerland. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 797 IS 2 AR L23 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/797/2/L23 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY3CL UT WOS:000347462000011 ER PT J AU Shankar, F Guo, H Bouillot, V Rettura, A Meert, A Buchan, S Kravtsov, A Bernardi, M Sheth, R Vikram, V Marchesini, D Behroozi, P Zheng, Z Maraston, C Ascaso, B Lemaux, BC Capozzi, D Huertas-Company, M Gal, RR Lubin, LM Conselice, CJ Carollo, M Cattaneo, A AF Shankar, Francesco Guo, Hong Bouillot, Vincent Rettura, Alessandro Meert, Alan Buchan, Stewart Kravtsov, Andrey Bernardi, Mariangela Sheth, Ravi Vikram, Vinu Marchesini, Danilo Behroozi, Peter Zheng, Zheng Maraston, Claudia Ascaso, Begona Lemaux, Brian C. Capozzi, Diego Huertas-Company, Marc Gal, Roy R. Lubin, Lori M. Conselice, Christopher J. Carollo, Marcella Cattaneo, Andrea TI ON THE INTERMEDIATE-EDSHIFT CENTRAL STELLAR MASS-HALO MASS RELATION, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF THE MOST MASSIVE GALAXIES SINCE z similar to 1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cosmology: theory; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: statistics ID OSCILLATION SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION HISTORIES; DARK MATTER CONNECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCE; COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS; LOCAL UNIVERSE; SIZE RELATION; BILLION YEARS; SDSS-III AB The stellar mass-halo mass relation is a key constraint in all semi-analytic, numerical, and semi-empirical models of galaxy formation and evolution. However, its exact shape and redshift dependence remain under debate. Several recent works support a relation in the local universe steeper than previously thought. Based on comparisons with a variety of data on massive central galaxies, we show that this steepening holds up to z similar to 1 for stellar masses M-star greater than or similar to 2 x 10(11) M-circle dot. Specifically, we find significant evidence for a high-mass end slope of beta greater than or similar to 0.35-0.70 instead of the usual beta less than or similar to 0.20-0.30 reported by a number of previous results. When including the independent constraints from the recent Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey clustering measurements, the data, independent of any systematic errors in stellar masses, tend to favor a model with a very small scatter (less than or similar to 0.15 dex) in stellar mass at fixed halo mass, in the redshift range z < 0.8 and for M-star > 3 x 10(11) M-circle dot, suggesting a close connection between massive galaxies and host halos even at relatively recent epochs. We discuss the implications of our results with respect to the evolution of the most massive galaxies since z similar to 1. C1 [Shankar, Francesco; Buchan, Stewart] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Guo, Hong; Zheng, Zheng] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Bouillot, Vincent] Univ Cape Town, Ctr Astrophys Cosmol & Gravitat, Dept Math & Appl Math, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Rettura, Alessandro] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Rettura, Alessandro] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Meert, Alan; Bernardi, Mariangela; Sheth, Ravi; Vikram, Vinu] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kravtsov, Andrey] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Sheth, Ravi] Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34151 Trieste, Italy. [Marchesini, Danilo] Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Behroozi, Peter] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Maraston, Claudia] Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England. [Ascaso, Begona; Huertas-Company, Marc] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris, GEPI, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Lemaux, Brian C.; Cattaneo, Andrea] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Gal, Roy R.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lubin, Lori M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Conselice, Christopher J.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Carollo, Marcella] ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Shankar, F (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM F.Shankar@soton.ac.uk RI Guo, Hong/J-5797-2015; OI Guo, Hong/0000-0003-4936-8247; Buchan, Stewart/0000-0002-4187-7234 FU National Research Foundation of South Africa; Research Corporation for Science Advancement's Cottrell Scholarship FX F.S. acknowledges Naresh Shankar, Jeremy Tinker, David Weinberg, Federico Marulli, and Surhud More for several interesting and helpful discussions. V.B. is supported financially by the National Research Foundation of South Africa. D.M. acknowledges the support of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement's Cottrell Scholarship. This work is based on data obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (Caltech), under a contract with NASA. We thank the referee for a constructive report that significantly improved the presentation of the results. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 797 IS 2 AR L27 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/797/2/L27 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY3CL UT WOS:000347462000015 ER PT J AU Simon, AA Wong, MH Rogers, JH Orton, GS De Pater, I Asay-Davis, X Carlson, RW Marcus, PS AF Simon, Amy A. Wong, Michael H. Rogers, John H. Orton, Glenn S. De Pater, Imke Asay-Davis, Xylar Carlson, Robert W. Marcus, Philip S. TI DRAMATIC CHANGE IN JUPITER'S GREAT RED SPOT FROM SPACECRAFT OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability; planets and satellites: gaseous planets ID OVAL BA; ANTICYCLONES AB Jupiter's Great Red Spot (GRS) is one of its most distinct and enduring features. Since the advent of modern telescopes, keen observers have noted its appearance and documented a change in shape from very oblong to oval, confirmed in measurements from spacecraft data. It currently spans the smallest latitude and longitude size ever recorded. Here we show that this change has been accompanied by an increase in cloud/haze reflectance as sensed in methane gas absorption bands, increased absorption at wavelengths shorter than 500 nm, and increased spectral slope between 500 and 630 nm. These changes occurred between 2012 and 2014, without a significant change in internal tangential wind speeds; the decreased size results in a 3.2 day horizontal cloud circulation period, shorter than previously observed. As the GRS has narrowed in latitude, it interacts less with the jets flanking its north and south edges, perhaps allowing for less cloud mixing and longer UV irradiation of cloud and aerosol particles. Given its long life and observational record, we expect that future modeling of the GRS's changes, in concert with laboratory flow experiments, will drive our understanding of vortex evolution and stability in a confined flow field crucial for comparison with other planetary atmospheres. C1 [Simon, Amy A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wong, Michael H.; De Pater, Imke] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rogers, John H.] British Astron Assoc, London W1J 0DU, England. [Orton, Glenn S.; Carlson, Robert W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Asay-Davis, Xylar] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Marcus, Philip S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Simon, AA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,Code 690, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Simon, Amy/C-8020-2012 OI Simon, Amy/0000-0003-4641-6186 FU NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope [GO12045, GO13631]; NASA through the Space Telescope Science Institute, under NASA [NAS5-26555] FX This work was based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope under programs GO12045 and GO13631. Support for these programs was provided by NASA through grants from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. The changes were initially identified, and supporting data provided, by amateur observers, especially Damian Peach, and the JUPOS team, especially Michel Jacquesson. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 797 IS 2 AR L31 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/797/2/L31 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY3CL UT WOS:000347462000019 ER PT J AU Gandhiraman, RP Jayan, V Han, JW Chen, B Koehne, JE Meyyappan, M AF Gandhiraman, Ram P. Jayan, Vivek Han, Jin-Woo Chen, Bin Koehne, Jessica E. Meyyappan, M. TI Plasma Jet Printing of Electronic Materials on Flexible and Nonconformal Objects SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE plasma printing; aerosol deposition; PECVD; conductive trace; flexible electronics ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; NANOWIRE ARRAYS; THIN-FILMS; SILVER; TRANSISTORS; CONDUCTIVITY; PAPER; SEMICONDUCTOR; NANOPARTICLES; DIELECTRICS AB We present a novel approach for the room-temperature fabrication of conductive traces and their subsequent site-selective dielectric encapsulation for use in flexible electronics. We have developed an aerosol-assisted atmospheric pressure plasma-based deposition process for efficiently depositing materials on flexible substrates. Silver nanowire conductive traces and silicon dioxide dielectric coatings for encapsulation were deposited using this approach as a demonstration. The paper substrate with silver nanowires exhibited a very low change in resistance upon 50 cycles of systematic deformation, exhibiting high mechanical flexibility. The applicability of this process to print conductive traces on nonconformal 3D objects was also demonstrated through deposition on a 3D-printed thermoplastic object, indicating the potential to combine plasma printing with 3D printing technology. The role of plasma here includes activation of the material present in the aerosol for deposition, increasing the deposition rate, and plasma polymerization in the case of inorganic coatings. The demonstration here establishes a low-cost, high-throughput, and facile process for printing electronic components on nonconventional platforms. C1 [Gandhiraman, Ram P.; Jayan, Vivek; Han, Jin-Woo; Chen, Bin; Koehne, Jessica E.; Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Gandhiraman, RP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ramprasad.gandhiraman@nasa.gov RI Gandhiraman, Ram Prasad/B-7004-2013 OI Gandhiraman, Ram Prasad/0000-0001-8957-7938 NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 6 IS 23 BP 20860 EP 20867 DI 10.1021/am505325y PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AW5PL UT WOS:000346326600036 PM 25398024 ER PT J AU Walker, M Venable, D Whiteman, DN AF Walker, Monique Venable, Demetrius Whiteman, David N. TI Gluing for Raman lidar systems using the lamp mapping technique SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; PERFORMANCE; CAMPAIGN AB In the context of combined analog and photon counting (PC) data acquisition in a Lidar system, glue coefficients are defined as constants used for converting an analog signal into a virtual PC signal. The coefficients are typically calculated using Lidar profile data taken under clear, nighttime conditions since, in the presence of clouds or high solar background, it is difficult to obtain accurate glue coefficients from Lidar backscattered data. Here we introduce a new method in which we use the lamp mapping technique (LMT) to determine glue coefficients in a manner that does not require atmospheric profiles to be acquired and permits accurate glue coefficients to be calculated when adequate Lidar profile data are not available. The LMT involves scanning a halogen lamp over the aperture of a Lidar receiver telescope such that the optical efficiency of the entire detection system is characterized. The studies shown here involve two Raman lidar systems; the first from Howard University and the second from NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. The glue coefficients determined using the LMT and the Lidar backscattered method agreed within 1.2% for the water vapor channel and within 2.5% for the nitrogen channel for both Lidar systems. We believe this to be the first instance of the use of laboratory techniques for determining the glue coefficients for Lidar data analysis. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Walker, Monique] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ORAU, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Venable, Demetrius] Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Whiteman, David N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Walker, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ORAU, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Monique.N.Walker@nasa.gov FU NASA Post-Doctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center as administere; Oak Ridge Associated Universities; NASA FX Much of this research was conducted at the Howard University Beltsville Campus during the graduate studies of the senior author in the department of Physics of Howard University. This research is currently supported by the NASA Post-Doctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center as administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. This research is also supported by the NASA Atmospheric Composition program managed by Ken Jucks. We would like to thank Bernd Mielke of Licel for helpful suggestions during the development of this manuscript. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 36 BP 8535 EP 8543 DI 10.1364/AO.53.008535 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA AX3ED UT WOS:000346822300020 PM 25608203 ER PT J AU Aliu, E Archambault, S Arlen, T Aune, T Barnacka, A Beilicke, M Benbow, W Berger, K Bird, R Bouvier, A Buckley, JH Bugaev, V Cerruti, M Chen, X Ciupik, L Collins-Hughes, E Connolly, MP Cui, W Dumm, J Eisch, JD Falcone, A Federici, S Feng, Q Finley, JP Fleischhack, H Fortin, P Fortson, L Furniss, A Galante, N Gillanders, GH Griffin, S Griffiths, ST Grube, J Gyuk, G Hakansson, N Hanna, D Holder, J Hughes, G Hughes, Z Humensky, TB Johnson, CA Kaaret, P Kar, P Kertzman, M Khassen, Y Kieda, D Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ Madhavan, AS Majumdar, P McArthur, S McCann, A Meagher, K Millis, J Moriarty, P Mukherjee, R Nelson, T Nieto, D de Bhroithe, AO Ong, RA Otte, AN Park, N Perkins, JS Pohl, M Popkow, A Prokoph, H Quinn, J Ragan, K Rajotte, J Reyes, LC Reynolds, PT Richards, GT Roache, E Sadun, A Santander, M Sembroski, GH Shahinyan, K Sheidaei, F Smith, AW Staszak, D Telezhinsky, I Theiling, M Tyler, J Varlotta, A Vassiliev, VV Vincent, S Wakely, SP Weekes, TC Weinstein, A Welsing, R Wilhelm, A Williams, DA Zitzer, B Bottcher, M Fumagalli, M AF Aliu, E. Archambault, S. Arlen, T. Aune, T. Barnacka, A. Beilicke, M. Benbow, W. Berger, K. Bird, R. Bouvier, A. Buckley, J. H. Bugaev, V. Cerruti, M. Chen, X. Ciupik, L. Collins-Hughes, E. Connolly, M. P. Cui, W. Dumm, J. Eisch, J. D. Falcone, A. Federici, S. Feng, Q. Finley, J. P. Fleischhack, H. Fortin, P. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Galante, N. Gillanders, G. H. Griffin, S. Griffiths, S. T. Grube, J. Gyuk, G. Hakansson, N. Hanna, D. Holder, J. Hughes, G. Hughes, Z. Humensky, T. B. Johnson, C. A. Kaaret, P. Kar, P. Kertzman, M. Khassen, Y. Kieda, D. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. Madhavan, A. S. Majumdar, P. McArthur, S. McCann, A. Meagher, K. Millis, J. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Nelson, T. Nieto, D. de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain Ong, R. A. Otte, A. N. Park, N. Perkins, J. S. Pohl, M. Popkow, A. Prokoph, H. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Rajotte, J. Reyes, L. C. Reynolds, P. T. Richards, G. T. Roache, E. Sadun, A. Santander, M. Sembroski, G. H. Shahinyan, K. Sheidaei, F. Smith, A. W. Staszak, D. Telezhinsky, I. Theiling, M. Tyler, J. Varlotta, A. Vassiliev, V. V. Vincent, S. Wakely, S. P. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. Welsing, R. Wilhelm, A. Williams, D. A. Zitzer, B. Boettcher, M. Fumagalli, M. CA VERITAS Collaboration TI INVESTIGATING BROADBAND VARIABILITY OF THE TeV BLAZAR 1ES 1959+650 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: individual (1ES 1959+650); gamma rays: galaxies ID SYNCHROTRON MIRROR MODEL; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; STRONG FLARES; MKN 501; X-RAY; RADIATION; ENERGY; 1ES-1959+650 AB We summarize broadband observations of the TeV-emitting blazar 1ES 1959+650, including optical R-band observations by the robotic telescopes Super-LOTIS and iTelescope, UV observations by Swift Ultraviolet and Optical Telescope, X-ray observations by the Swift X-ray Telescope, high-energy gamma-ray observations with the Fermi Large Area Telescope, and very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray observations by VERITAS above 315 GeV, all taken between 2012 April 17 and 2012 June 1 (MJD 56034 and 56079). The contemporaneous variability of the broadband spectral energy distribution is explored in the context of a simple synchrotron self Compton (SSC) model. In the SSC emission scenario, we find that the parameters required to represent the high state are significantly different than those in the low state. Motivated by possible evidence of gas in the vicinity of the blazar, we also investigate a reflected emission model to describe the observed variability pattern. This model assumes that the non-thermal emission from the jet is reflected by a nearby cloud of gas, allowing the reflected emission to re-enter the blob and produce an elevated gamma-ray state with no simultaneous elevated synchrotron flux. The model applied here, although not required to explain the observed variability pattern, represents one possible scenario which can describe the observations. As applied to an elevated VHE state of 66% of the Crab Nebula flux, observed on a single night during the observation period, the reflected emission scenario does not support a purely leptonic non-thermal emission mechanism. The reflected emission model does, however, predict a reflected photon field with sufficient energy to enable elevated gamma-ray emission via pion production with protons of energies between 10 and 100 TeV. C1 [Aliu, E.; Mukherjee, R.; Santander, M.] Columbia Univ, Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Archambault, S.; Griffin, S.; Hanna, D.; Ong, R. A.; Popkow, A.; Ragan, K.; Rajotte, J.; Staszak, D.; Tyler, J.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Majumdar, P.; Vassiliev, V. V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Barnacka, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Beilicke, M.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Krawczynski, H.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Benbow, W.; Cerruti, M.; Fortin, P.; Galante, N.; Roache, E.; Weekes, T. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Berger, K.; Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Berger, K.; Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Bird, R.; Collins-Hughes, E.; Khassen, Y.; Quinn, J.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Bouvier, A.; Furniss, A.; Hughes, Z.; Johnson, C. A.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Bouvier, A.; Furniss, A.; Hughes, Z.; Johnson, C. A.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Chen, X.; Federici, S.; Hakansson, N.; Pohl, M.; Telezhinsky, I.; Wilhelm, A.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Chen, X.; Federici, S.; Fleischhack, H.; Hughes, G.; de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain; Pohl, M.; Prokoph, H.; Telezhinsky, I.; Vincent, S.; Welsing, R.; Wilhelm, A.] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ciupik, L.; Grube, J.; Gyuk, G.] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Connolly, M. P.; Gillanders, G. H.; Lang, M. J.; Moriarty, P.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Cui, W.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P.; Sembroski, G. H.; Theiling, M.; Varlotta, A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dumm, J.; Fortson, L.; Nelson, T.; Shahinyan, K.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Eisch, J. D.; Krennrich, F.; Madhavan, A. S.; Weinstein, A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Falcone, A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Griffiths, S. T.; Kaaret, P.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Humensky, T. B.; Nieto, D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kar, P.; Kieda, D.; Sheidaei, F.; Smith, A. W.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Kertzman, M.] Depauw Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. [Majumdar, P.] Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Kolkata 700064, India. [McArthur, S.; Park, N.; Wakely, S. P.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [McCann, A.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Meagher, K.; Otte, A. N.; Richards, G. T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Meagher, K.; Otte, A. N.; Richards, G. T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Millis, J.] Anderson Univ, Dept Phys, Anderson, IN 46012 USA. [Moriarty, P.] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Life & Phys Sci, Dublin, Ireland. [Perkins, J. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reyes, L. C.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 94307 USA. [Reynolds, P. T.] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland. [Sadun, A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Zitzer, B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Boettcher, M.] North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Fumagalli, M.] Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Fumagalli, M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Aliu, E (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM amy.furniss@gmail.com; Markus.Bottcher@nwu.ac.za RI Khassen, Yerbol/I-3806-2015; Nieto, Daniel/J-7250-2015; Fumagalli, Michele/K-9510-2015; OI Bird, Ralph/0000-0002-4596-8563; Khassen, Yerbol/0000-0002-7296-3100; Nieto, Daniel/0000-0003-3343-0755; Fumagalli, Michele/0000-0001-6676-3842; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; U.S. National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; NSERC in Canada; Science Foundation Ireland [SFI 10/RFP/AST2748]; STFC in the U.K FX This research is supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, the U.S. National Science Foundation, and the Smithsonian Institution, by NSERC in Canada, by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI 10/RFP/AST2748), and by STFC in the U.K. We acknowledge the excellent work of the technical support staff at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory and at the collaborating institutions in the construction and operation of the instrument. The VERITAS Collaboration is grateful to Trevor Weekes for his seminal contributions and leadership in the field of VHE gamma-ray astrophysics, which made this study possible. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 797 IS 2 AR 89 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/797/2/89 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AW5BS UT WOS:000346291600017 ER PT J AU Calanog, JA Fu, H Cooray, A Wardlow, J Ma, B Amber, S Baker, AJ Baes, M Bock, J Bourne, N Bussmann, RS Casey, CM Chapman, SC Clements, DL Conley, A Dannerbauer, H De Zotti, G Dunne, L Dye, S Eales, S Farrah, D Furlanetto, C Harris, AI Ivison, RJ Kim, S Maddox, SJ Magdis, G Messias, H Michallowski, MJ Negrello, M Nightingale, J O'Bryan, JM Oliver, SJ Riechers, D Scott, D Serjeant, S Simpson, J Smith, M Timmons, N Thacker, C Valiante, E Vieira, JD AF Calanog, J. A. Fu, Hai Cooray, A. Wardlow, J. Ma, B. Amber, S. Baker, A. J. Baes, M. Bock, J. Bourne, N. Bussmann, R. S. Casey, C. M. Chapman, S. C. Clements, D. L. Conley, A. Dannerbauer, H. De Zotti, G. Dunne, L. Dye, S. Eales, S. Farrah, D. Furlanetto, C. Harris, A. I. Ivison, R. J. Kim, S. Maddox, S. J. Magdis, G. Messias, H. Michallowski, M. J. Negrello, M. Nightingale, J. O'Bryan, J. M. Oliver, S. J. Riechers, D. Scott, D. Serjeant, S. Simpson, J. Smith, M. Timmons, N. Thacker, C. Valiante, E. Vieira, J. D. TI LENS MODELS OF HERSCHEL-SELECTED GALAXIES FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION NEAR-IR OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: star formation; gravitational lensing: strong; submillimeter: galaxies ID DEEP-FIELD-SOUTH; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; LUMINOUS SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; COSMOLOGICAL HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; 1ST DATA RELEASE; SPACE-TELESCOPE; ADAPTIVE OPTICS AB We present Keck-Adaptive Optics and Hubble Space Telescope high resolution near-infrared (IR) imaging for 500 mu m bright candidate lensing systems identified by the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey and Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey. Out of 87 candidates with near-IR imaging, 15 (similar to 17%) display clear near-IR lensing morphologies. We present near-IR lens models to reconstruct and recover basic rest-frame optical morphological properties of the background galaxies from 12 new systems. Sources with the largest near-IR magnification factors also tend to be the most compact, consistent with the size bias predicted from simulations and previous lensing models for submillimeter galaxies (SMGs). For four new sources that also have high-resolution submillimeter maps, we test for differential lensing between the stellar and dust components and find that the 880 mu m magnification factor (mu(880)) is similar to 1.5 times higher than the near-IR magnification factor (mu(NIR)), on average. We also find that the stellar emission is similar to 2 times more extended in size than dust. The rest-frame optical properties of our sample of Herschel-selected lensed SMGs are consistent with those of unlensed SMGs, which suggests that the two populations are similar. C1 [Calanog, J. A.; Cooray, A.; Ma, B.; Casey, C. M.; Kim, S.; O'Bryan, J. M.; Timmons, N.; Thacker, C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Fu, Hai] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Cooray, A.; Bock, J.; Vieira, J. D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wardlow, J.] Univ Copenhagen, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Amber, S.; Serjeant, S.] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Baker, A. J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Baes, M.] Univ Ghent, Sterrenkundig Observ 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Bock, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bourne, N.; Dye, S.; Furlanetto, C.; Maddox, S. J.; Nightingale, J.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Bussmann, R. S.; Riechers, D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chapman, S. C.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Clements, D. L.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Conley, A.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron UCB 389, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dannerbauer, H.] Univ Paris Diderot, CE Saclay, CEA DSM Irfu CNRS, Lab AIM Paris Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [De Zotti, G.; Negrello, M.] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [De Zotti, G.] SISSA, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. [Dunne, L.; Eales, S.; Smith, M.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Farrah, D.; Oliver, S. J.] Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Dept Phys & Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Farrah, D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Harris, A. I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ivison, R. J.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Ivison, R. J.; Michallowski, M. J.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Magdis, G.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Messias, H.] Univ Concepcion, Barrio Univ, Concepcion, Chile. [Messias, H.] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Astron & Astrofis, Observ Astron Lisboa, P-1349018 Lisbon, Portugal. [Scott, D.; Valiante, E.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Simpson, J.] Univ Durham, Inst Computat Cosmol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Calanog, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Wardlow, Julie/C-9903-2015; Magdis, Georgios/C-7295-2014; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011; OI Wardlow, Julie/0000-0003-2376-8971; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Maddox, Stephen/0000-0001-5549-195X; Casey, Caitlin/0000-0002-0930-6466; Dye, Simon/0000-0002-1318-8343; Magdis, Georgios/0000-0002-4872-2294; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313; De Zotti, Gianfranco/0000-0003-2868-2595 FU NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute [GO-12194, GO-12488]; NASA [NAS 5-26555]; CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA (France); CNES (France); CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC (UK); UKSA (UK); NASA (USA); NSF [AST-1313319]; ASI/INAF [I/072/09/0]; PRIN-INAF; European Research Council (ERC); National Science Foundation [PHYS-1066293]; hospitality of the Aspen Center for Physics; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Kenneth T. and Eileen L. Norris Foundation; James S. McDonnell Foundation; Associates of the California Institute of Technology; University of Chicago; state of California; National Science Foundation; CARMA partner universities; Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica; Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF); state of Illinois; state of Maryland FX Support for programs GO-12194 and GO-12488 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.; SPIRE has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by Cardiff Univ. (UK) and including: Univ. Lethbridge (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, LAM (France); IFSI, Univ. Padua (Italy); IAC (Spain); Stockholm Observatory (Sweden); Imperial College London, RAL, UCL-MSSL, UKATC, Univ. Sussex (UK); and Caltech, JPL, NHSC, Univ. Colorado (USA). This development has been supported by national funding agencies: CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC, UKSA (UK); and NASA (USA).; J.A.C., A. C., B. M., C. M. C., J.M.O., N.T., and C. T. acknowledge support from NSF AST-1313319.; M.N. acknowledges financial support from ASI/INAF agreement I/072/09/0 and from PRIN-INAF 2012 project Looking into the dust-obscured phase of galaxy formation through cosmic zoom lenses in the Herschel Astro-physical Large Area Survey.; L.D., S.J.M., and R.J.I. acknowledge support from the European Research Council (ERC) in the form of Advanced Investigator program, cosmicism.; This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant No. PHYS-1066293 and the hospitality of the Aspen Center for Physics.; Support for CARMA construction was derived from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Kenneth T. and Eileen L. Norris Foundation, the James S. McDonnell Foundation, the Associates of the California Institute of Technology, the University of Chicago, the states of California, Illinois, and Maryland, and the National Science Foundation. Ongoing CARMA development and operations are supported by the National Science Foundation under a cooperative agreement, and by the CARMA partner universities.; The Sub-millimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica.; The Dark Cosmology Centre is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF). NR 126 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 797 IS 2 AR 138 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/797/2/138 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AW5BS UT WOS:000346291600066 ER PT J AU Chakrabarty, D Tomsick, JA Grefenstette, BW Psaltis, D Bachetti, M Barret, D Boggs, SE Christensen, FE Craig, WW Furst, F Hailey, CJ Harrison, FA Kaspi, VM Miller, JM Nowak, MA Rana, V Stern, D Wik, DR Wilms, J Zhang, WW AF Chakrabarty, Deepto Tomsick, John A. Grefenstette, Brian W. Psaltis, Dimitrios Bachetti, Matteo Barret, Didier Boggs, Steven E. Christensen, Finn E. Craig, William W. Fuerst, Felix Hailey, Charles J. Harrison, Fiona A. Kaspi, Victoria M. Miller, Jon M. Nowak, Michael A. Rana, Vikram Stern, Daniel Wik, Daniel R. Wilms, Joern Zhang, William W. TI A HARD X-RAY POWER-LAW SPECTRAL CUTOFF IN CENTAURUS X-4 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries: close; stars: individual (Cen X-4); stars: neutron; X-rays: binaries ID ACCRETING NEUTRON-STARS; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; BINARY MILLISECOND PULSAR; PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; SYSTEM PSR J1023+0038; ACTIVE RADIO PULSAR; XSS J12270-4859; AQUILA X-1; BLACK-HOLE; SAX J1808.4-3658 AB The low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) Cen X-4 is the brightest and closest (<1.2 kpc) quiescent neutron star transient. Previous 0.5-10 keV X-ray observations of Cen X-4 in quiescence identified two spectral components: soft thermal emission from the neutron star atmosphere and a hard power-law tail of unknown origin. We report here on a simultaneous observation of Cen X-4 with NuSTAR (3-79 keV) and XMM-Newton (0.3-10 keV) in 2013 January, providing the first sensitive hard X-ray spectrum of a quiescent neutron star transient. The 0.3-79 keV luminosity was 1.1 x 10(33) D-kpc(2) erg s(-1), with similar or equal to 60% in the thermal component. We clearly detect a cutoff of the hard spectral tail above 10 keV, the first time such a feature has been detected in this source class. We show that thermal Comptonization and synchrotron shock origins for the hard X-ray emission are ruled out on physical grounds. However, the hard X-ray spectrum is well fit by a thermal bremsstrahlung model with kT(e) = 18 keV, which can be understood as arising either in a hot layer above the neutron star atmosphere or in a radiatively inefficient accretion flow. The power-law cutoff energy may be set by the degree of Compton cooling of the bremsstrahlung electrons by thermal seed photons from the neutron star surface. Lower thermal luminosities should lead to higher (possibly undetectable) cutoff energies. We compare Cen X-4's behavior with PSR J1023+0038, IGR J18245-2452, and XSS J12270-4859, which have shown transitions between LMXB and radio pulsar modes at a similar X-ray luminosity. C1 [Chakrabarty, Deepto; Nowak, Michael A.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Tomsick, John A.; Boggs, Steven E.; Craig, William W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Grefenstette, Brian W.; Fuerst, Felix; Harrison, Fiona A.; Rana, Vikram] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Psaltis, Dimitrios] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bachetti, Matteo; Barret, Didier] Univ Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Bachetti, Matteo; Barret, Didier] CNRS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, F-31028 Toulouse, France. [Christensen, Finn E.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, Div Astrophys, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Craig, William W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hailey, Charles J.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kaspi, Victoria M.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Miller, Jon M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Stern, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wik, Daniel R.; Zhang, William W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wilms, Joern] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dr Karl Remeis Sternwarte & Erlangen Ctr Astropar, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. RP Chakrabarty, D (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM deepto@mit.edu RI Wilms, Joern/C-8116-2013; Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015; OI Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410; Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224; Bachetti, Matteo/0000-0002-4576-9337; Rana, Vikram/0000-0003-1703-8796 FU NASA [NNG08FD60C, NNX13AB47G] FX We thank the referee, Craig Heinke, for several suggestions that greatly improved our paper. D. C. thanks Herman Marshall, Sera Markoff, Caroline D'Angelo, Stephen Reynolds, Federico Bernardini, Phil Charles, and Chris Done for useful discussions and Luca Zampieri and Roberto Soria for sharing their XSPEC additive table model zamp. We also thank Thorsten Brand for help with evaluating the level of photon pileup in the XMM-Newton data. This work was supported in part under NASA contract NNG08FD60C and made use of data from the NuSTAR mission, a project led by the California Institute of Technology, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and funded by NASA. We thank the NuSTAR Operations, Software, and Calibration teams for support with the execution and analysis of these observations. This research has made use of the NuSTAR Data Analysis Software (NuSTARDAS), jointly developed by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC, Italy) and the California Institute of Technology (USA). J.A.T. acknowledges partial support from the XMM-Newton Guest Observer program through NASA grant NNX13AB47G. NR 102 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 797 IS 2 AR 92 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/797/2/92 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AW5BS UT WOS:000346291600020 ER PT J AU Cohen, DP Romani, RW Filippenko, AV Cenko, SB Lott, B Zheng, WK Li, WD AF Cohen, Daniel P. Romani, Roger W. Filippenko, Alexei V. Cenko, S. Bradley Lott, Benoit Zheng, WeiKang Li, Weidong TI TEMPORAL CORRELATIONS BETWEEN OPTICAL AND GAMMA-RAY ACTIVITY IN BLAZARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: general; galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; quasars: general ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; FERMI-DETECTED BLAZARS; GALACTIC NUCLEI; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; RELATIVISTIC JETS; FLARING ACTIVITY; BRIGHT BLAZARS; VARIABILITY; RADIO; EMISSION AB We have been using the 0.76 m Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope (KAIT) at Lick Observatory to optically monitor a sample of 157 blazars that are bright in gamma-rays being detected with high significance (>= 10 sigma) in one year by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. We attempt to observe each source on a three-day cadence with KAIT, subject to weather and seasonal visibility. The gamma-ray coverage is essentially continuous. KAIT observations extend over much of the five-year Fermi mission for several objects, and most have > 100 optical measurements spanning the last three years. These blazars (flat-spectrum radio quasars and BL Lac objects) exhibit a wide range of flaring behavior. Using the discrete correlation function (DCF), here we search for temporal relationships between optical and gamma-ray light curves in the 40 brightest sources in hopes of placing constraints on blazar acceleration and emission zones. We find strong optical-gamma-ray correlation in many of these sources at time delays of similar to 1 to similar to 10 days, ranging between -40 and +30 days. A stacked average DCF of the 40 sources verifies this correlation trend, with a peak above 99% significance indicating a characteristic time delay consistent with 0 days. These findings strongly support the widely accepted leptonic models of blazar emission. However, we also find examples of apparently uncorrelated flares (optical flares with no gamma-ray counterpart and gamma-ray flares with no optical counterpart) that challenge simple, one-zone models of blazar emission. Moreover, we find that flat-spectrum radio quasars tend to have gamma-rays leading the optical, while intermediate-and high-synchrotron peak blazars with the most significant peaks have smaller lags/leads. It is clear that long-term monitoring at high cadence is necessary to reveal the underlying physical correlation. C1 [Cohen, Daniel P.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Zheng, WeiKang; Li, Weidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cohen, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Romani, Roger W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cenko, S. Bradley] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lott, Benoit] Univ Bordeaux, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France. [Lott, Benoit] CENBG, IN2P3, CNRS, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France. RP Cohen, DP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France; NASA [NNX10AU09G, GO-31089, NNX12AF12G, NAS5-00147]; Gary and Cynthia Bengier; Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund; Christopher R. Redlich Fund; TABASGO Foundation; NSF [AST-1211916] FX The Fermi/LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France.; The work was financed in part by NASA grants NNX10AU09G, GO-31089, NNX12AF12G, and NAS5-00147. We are also grateful for support from Gary and Cynthia Bengier, the Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund, the Christopher R. Redlich Fund, the TABASGO Foundation, and NSF grant AST-1211916. KAIT and its ongoing operation were made possible by donations from Sun Microsystems, Inc., the Hewlett-Packard Company, AutoScope Corporation, Lick Observatory, the NSF, the University of California, the Sylvia and Jim Katzman Foundation, and the TABASGO Foundation. We dedicate this paper to the memory of our dear friend and collaborator, Weidong Li, whose unfailing devotion to KAIT was of pivotal importance for this work; his premature, tragic passing has deeply saddened us. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 797 IS 2 AR 137 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/797/2/137 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AW5BS UT WOS:000346291600065 ER PT J AU Davenport, JRA Hawley, SL Hebb, L Wisniewski, JP Kowalski, AF Johnson, EC Malatesta, M Peraza, J Keil, M Silverberg, SM Jansen, TC Scheffler, MS Berdis, JR Larsen, DM Hilton, EJ AF Davenport, James R. A. Hawley, Suzanne L. Hebb, Leslie Wisniewski, John P. Kowalski, Adam F. Johnson, Emily C. Malatesta, Michael Peraza, Jesus Keil, Marcus Silverberg, Steven M. Jansen, Tiffany C. Scheffler, Matthew S. Berdis, Jodi R. Larsen, Daniel M. Hilton, Eric J. TI KEPLER FLARES. II. THE TEMPORAL MORPHOLOGY OF WHITE-LIGHT FLARES ON GJ 1243 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: activity; stars: flare; stars: low-mass ID M-DWARF FLARES; AD LEONIS; STELLAR FLARES; PHOTOMETRIC VARIABILITY; DME FLARES; COOL STARS; CURVES; EVOLUTION; EMISSION; ROTATION AB We present the largest sample of flares ever compiled for a single M dwarf, the active M4 star GJ 1243. Over 6100 individual flare events, with energies ranging from 10(29) to 10(33) erg, are found in 11 months of 1 minute cadence data from Kepler. This sample is unique for its completeness and dynamic range. We have developed automated tools for finding flares in short-cadence Kepler light curves, and performed extensive validation and classification of the sample by eye. From this pristine sample of flares we generate a median flare template. This template shows that two exponential cooling phases are present during the white-light flare decay, providing fundamental constraints for models of flare physics. The template is also used as a basis function to decompose complex multi-peaked flares, allowing us to study the energy distribution of these events. Only a small number of flare events are not well fit by our template. We find that complex, multi-peaked flares occur in over 80% of flares with a duration of 50 minutes or greater. The underlying distribution of flare durations for events 10 minutes and longer appears to follow a broken power law. Our results support the idea that sympathetic flaring may be responsible for some complex flare events. C1 [Davenport, James R. A.; Hawley, Suzanne L.; Johnson, Emily C.; Peraza, Jesus; Jansen, Tiffany C.; Larsen, Daniel M.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hebb, Leslie] Hobart & William Smith Coll, Dept Phys, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Wisniewski, John P.; Malatesta, Michael; Keil, Marcus; Silverberg, Steven M.; Scheffler, Matthew S.; Berdis, Jodi R.] Univ Oklahoma, HL Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kowalski, Adam F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hilton, Eric J.] Universe Sandbox, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. RP Davenport, JRA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, POB 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jrad@astro.washington.edu OI Davenport, James/0000-0002-0637-835X FU NASA [NNX11AB71G, NNX12AC79G, NAS5-26555]; NSF [AST13-11678, AST08-07205]; NASA Science Mission directorate; NASA Office of Space Science [NNX13AC07G] FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this work from NASA Kepler Cycle 2 GO grant NNX11AB71G, NASA Kepler Cycle 3 GO grant NNX12AC79G. S.L.H., J.R.A.D., and L.H. acknowledge support from NSF grant AST13-11678. E.J.H., A.F.K., and S.L.H. acknowledge support from NSF grant AST08-07205. J.R. A.D. wishes to thank Andrew C. Becker for valuable in-sights in model fitting, and John J. Ruan for discussions of time series analysis.; This paper includes data collected by the Kepler mission. Funding for the Kepler mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission directorate. Some of the data presented in this paper were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for MAST for non-Hubble Space Telescope data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science via grant NNX13AC07G and by other grants and contracts. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 797 IS 2 AR 122 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/797/2/122 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AW5BS UT WOS:000346291600050 ER PT J AU Gordon, KD Roman-Duval, J Bot, C Meixner, M Babler, B Bernard, JP Bolatto, A Boyer, ML Clayton, GC Engelbracht, C Fukui, Y Galametz, M Galliano, F Hony, S Hughes, A Indebetouw, R Israel, FP Jameson, K Kawamura, A Lebouteiller, V Li, AG Madden, SC Matsuura, M Misselt, K Montiel, E Okumura, K Onishi, T Panuzzo, P Paradis, D Rubio, M Sandstrom, K Sauvage, M Seale, J Sewilo, M Tchernyshyov, K Skibba, R AF Gordon, Karl D. Roman-Duval, Julia Bot, Caroline Meixner, Margaret Babler, Brian Bernard, Jean-Philippe Bolatto, Alberto Boyer, Martha L. Clayton, Geoffrey C. Engelbracht, Charles Fukui, Yasuo Galametz, Maud Galliano, Frederic Hony, Sacha Hughes, Annie Indebetouw, Remy Israel, Frank P. Jameson, Katherine Kawamura, Akiko Lebouteiller, Vianney Li, Aigen Madden, Suzanne C. Matsuura, Mikako Misselt, Karl Montiel, Edward Okumura, K. Onishi, Toshikazu Panuzzo, Pasquale Paradis, Deborah Rubio, Monica Sandstrom, Karin Sauvage, Marc Seale, Jonathan Sewilo, Marta Tchernyshyov, Kirill Skibba, Ramin TI DUST AND GAS IN THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS FROM THE HERITAGE HERSCHEL KEY PROJECT. I. DUST PROPERTIES AND INSIGHTS INTO THE ORIGIN OF THE SUBMILLIMETER EXCESS EMISSION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared: galaxies; infrared: ISM; ISM: general; Magellanic clouds ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; GALAXY EVOLUTION SAGE; CARBON ANALOG GRAINS; INTERSTELLAR DUST; MILKY-WAY; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; LOW-METALLICITY; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENT; ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE AB The dust properties in the Large and Small Magellanic clouds (LMC/SMC) are studied using the HERITAGE Herschel Key Project photometric data in five bands from 100 to 500 mu m. Three simple models of dust emission were fit to the observations: a single temperature blackbody modified by a power-law emissivity (SMBB), a single temperature blackbody modified by a broken power-law emissivity (BEMBB), and two blackbodies with different temperatures, both modified by the same power-law emissivity (TTMBB). Using these models, we investigate the origin of the submillimeter excess, defined as the submillimeter emission above that expected from SMBB models fit to observations <200 mu m. We find that the BEMBB model produces the lowest fit residuals with pixel-averaged 500 mu m submillimeter excesses of 27% and 43% for the LMC and SMC, respectively. Adopting gas masses from previous works, the gas-to-dust ratios calculated from our fitting results show that the TTMBB fits require significantly more dust than are available even if all the metals present in the interstellar medium (ISM) were condensed into dust. This indicates that the submillimeter excess is more likely to be due to emissivity variations than a second population of colder dust. We derive integrated dust masses of (7.3 +/- 1.7) x 10(5) and (8.3 +/- 2.1) x 10(4) M-circle dot for the LMC and SMC, respectively. We find significant correlations between the submillimeter excess and other dust properties; further work is needed to determine the relative contributions of fitting noise and ISM physics to the correlations. C1 [Gordon, Karl D.; Roman-Duval, Julia; Meixner, Margaret; Seale, Jonathan] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gordon, Karl D.] Univ Ghent, Sterrenkundig Observ, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Bot, Caroline] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, Observ Astron Strasbourg, UMR 7550, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. [Babler, Brian] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bernard, Jean-Philippe; Paradis, Deborah] Univ Toulouse, UPS, CESR, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Bernard, Jean-Philippe; Paradis, Deborah] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Bolatto, Alberto; Jameson, Katherine] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, Lab Millimeter Wave Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Boyer, Martha L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Boyer, Martha L.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Clayton, Geoffrey C.; Montiel, Edward] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Engelbracht, Charles; Misselt, Karl; Montiel, Edward; Sandstrom, Karin; Skibba, Ramin] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Engelbracht, Charles] Raytheon Co, Tucson, AZ 85756 USA. [Fukui, Yasuo] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Galametz, Maud] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Galliano, Frederic; Hony, Sacha; Lebouteiller, Vianney; Madden, Suzanne C.; Okumura, K.; Sauvage, Marc] CEA, Irfu SAp, Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Hughes, Annie] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Indebetouw, Remy] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Indebetouw, Remy] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Israel, Frank P.] Leiden Univ, Sterrewacht Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Kawamura, Akiko] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Li, Aigen] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Matsuura, Mikako] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Onishi, Toshikazu] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astrophys, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan. [Panuzzo, Pasquale] CNRS, Observ Paris Lab, GEPI, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Rubio, Monica] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Seale, Jonathan; Sewilo, Marta; Tchernyshyov, Kirill] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Skibba, Ramin] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. RP Gordon, KD (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Rubio, Monica/J-3384-2016; OI Bot, Caroline/0000-0001-6118-2985; Clayton, Geoffrey/0000-0002-0141-7436; Babler, Brian/0000-0002-6984-5752; Lebouteiller, Vianney/0000-0002-7716-6223 FU NASA Herschel Science Center,JPL [1381522, 1381650]; CONICYT project BASAL [PFB-6] FX We greatly benefited from conversations with Morgan Fouesneau, David Hogg, Derck Massa, and Daniel Weisz on the always interesting topic of fitting data with models. We acknowledge financial support from the NASA Herschel Science Center, JPL contracts nos. 1381522 and 1381650. M.R. acknowledges partial support from CONICYT project BASAL PFB-6. NR 98 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 797 IS 2 AR 85 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/797/2/85 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AW5BS UT WOS:000346291600013 ER PT J AU Hawley, SL Davenport, JRA Kowalski, AF Wisniewski, JP Hebb, L Deitrick, R Hilton, EJ AF Hawley, Suzanne L. Davenport, James R. A. Kowalski, Adam F. Wisniewski, John P. Hebb, Leslie Deitrick, Russell Hilton, Eric J. TI KEPLER FLARES. I. ACTIVE AND INACTIVE M DWARFS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: activity; stars: flare; stars: late-type; stars: low-mass; starspots ID SCALE MAGNETIC TOPOLOGIES; WHITE-LIGHT FLARES; FULLY CONVECTIVE STARS; FIELD M-DWARFS; LOW-MASS STARS; OBSERVATIONAL DATA; SOLAR-FLARE; COOL STARS; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROFLARES AB We analyzed Kepler short-cadence M dwarf observations. Spectra from the Astrophysical Research Consortium 3.5 m telescope identify magnetically active (H alpha in emission) stars. The active stars are of mid-M spectral type, have numerous flares, and have well-defined rotational modulation due to starspots. The inactive stars are of early Mtype, exhibit less starspot signature, and have fewer flares. A Kepler to U-band energy scaling allows comparison of the Kepler flare frequency distributions with previous ground-based data. M dwarfs span a large range of flare frequency and energy, blurring the distinction between active and inactive stars designated solely by the presence of H alpha. We analyzed classical and complex (multiple peak) flares on GJ 1243, finding strong correlations between flare energy, amplitude, duration, and decay time, with only a weak dependence on rise time. Complex flares last longer and have higher energy at the same amplitude, and higher energy flares are more likely to be complex. A power law fits the energy distribution for flares with log E-Kp > 31 erg, but the predicted number of low-energy flares far exceeds the number observed, at energies where flares are still easily detectable, indicating that the power-law distribution may flatten at low energy. There is no correlation of flare occurrence or energy with starspot phase, the flare waiting time distribution is consistent with flares occurring randomly in time, and the energies of consecutive flares are uncorrelated. These observations support a scenario where many independent active regions on the stellar surface are contributing to the observed flare rate. C1 [Hawley, Suzanne L.; Davenport, James R. A.; Kowalski, Adam F.; Wisniewski, John P.; Deitrick, Russell; Hilton, Eric J.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kowalski, Adam F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wisniewski, John P.] Univ Oklahoma, HL Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hebb, Leslie] Hobart & William Smith Coll, Dept Phys, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Hilton, Eric J.] Universe Sandbox, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. RP Hawley, SL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM slhawley@uw.edu OI Davenport, James/0000-0002-0637-835X FU Kepler Cycle 2 GO grant [NNX11AB71G]; Cycle 3GO grant [NNX12AC79G]; NASA ADP grant [NNX09AC77G]; NSF grant [AST13-11678, AST08-07205]; NASA Science Mission directorate; NASA [NAS5-26555]; NASA Office of Space Science [NNX13AC07G] FX This work was supported by Kepler Cycle 2 GO grant NNX11AB71G and Cycle 3GO grant NNX12AC79G. J.R.A.D. acknowledges support from NASA ADP grant NNX09AC77G. S.L. H., J.R.A.D., and L.H. acknowledge support from NSF grant AST13-11678. E.J.H., A.F.K., and S.L.H. acknowledge support from NSF grant AST08-07205.; This paper includes data collected by the Kepler mission. Funding for the Kepler mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission directorate. Some of the data presented in this paper were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for MAST for non-HST data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science via grant NNX13AC07G and by other grants and contracts. NR 50 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 797 IS 2 AR 121 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/797/2/121 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AW5BS UT WOS:000346291600049 ER PT J AU Mennesson, B Millan-Gabet, R Serabyn, E Colavita, MM Absil, O Bryden, G Wyatt, M Danchi, W Defrere, D Dore, O Hinz, P Kuchner, M Ragland, S Scott, N Stapelfeldt, K Traub, W Woillez, J AF Mennesson, B. Millan-Gabet, R. Serabyn, E. Colavita, M. M. Absil, O. Bryden, G. Wyatt, M. Danchi, W. Defrere, D. Dore, O. Hinz, P. Kuchner, M. Ragland, S. Scott, N. Stapelfeldt, K. Traub, W. Woillez, J. TI CONSTRAINING THE EXOZODIACAL LUMINOSITY FUNCTION OF MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS: COMPLETE RESULTS FROM THE KECK NULLER MID-INFRARED SURVEYS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; instrumentation: interferometers ID BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; LATE-HEAVY BOMBARDMENT; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; SUN-LIKE STARS; DEBRIS DISKS; ETA-CORVI; HOT DUST; PLANETARY SYSTEMS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; ASTEROID BELT AB Forty-seven nearby main-sequence stars were surveyed with the Keck Interferometer mid-infrared Nulling instrument (KIN) between 2008 and 2011, searching for faint resolved emission from exozodiacal dust. Observations of a subset of the sample have already been reported, focusing essentially on stars with no previously known dust. Here we extend this previous analysis to the whole KIN sample, including 22 more stars with known near-and/or far-infrared excesses. In addition to an analysis similar to that of the first paper of this series, which was restricted to the 8-9 mu m spectral region, we present measurements obtained in all 10 spectral channels covering the 8-13 mu m instrumental bandwidth. Based on the 8-9 mu m data alone, which provide the highest signal-to-noise measurements, only one star shows a large excess imputable to dust emission (eta Crv), while four more show a significant (> 3 sigma) excess: beta Leo, beta UMa, zeta Lep, and gamma Oph. Overall, excesses detected by KIN are more frequent around A-type stars than later spectral types. Astatistical analysis of the measurements further indicates that stars with known far-infrared (lambda >= 70 mu m) excesses have higher exozodiacal emission levels than stars with no previous indication of a cold outer disk. This statistical trend is observed regardless of spectral type and points to a dynamical connection between the inner (zodi-like) and outer (Kuiper-Belt-like) dust populations. The measured levels for such stars are clustering close to the KIN detection limit of a few hundred zodis and are indeed consistent with those expected from a population of dust that migrated in from the outer belt by Poynting-Robertson drag. Conversely, no significant mid-ilinfrared excess is found around sources with previously reported near-infrared resolved excesses, which typically have levels of the order of 1% over the photospheric flux. If dust emission is really at play in these near-infrared detections, the absence of a strong mid-infrared counterpart points to populations of very hot and small (submicron) grains piling up very close to the sublimation radius. For solar-type stars with no known infrared excess, likely to be the most relevant targets for a future exo-Earth direct imaging mission, we find that their median zodi level is 12 +/- 24 zodis and lower than 60 (90) zodis with 95% (99%) confidence, if a lognormal zodi luminosity distribution is assumed. C1 [Mennesson, B.; Serabyn, E.; Colavita, M. M.; Bryden, G.; Dore, O.; Traub, W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Millan-Gabet, R.] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Absil, O.] Univ Liege, Dept Astrophys Geophys & Oceanog, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Wyatt, M.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Danchi, W.; Kuchner, M.; Stapelfeldt, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Defrere, D.; Hinz, P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ragland, S.] Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Scott, N.] Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Mt Wilson, CA 91023 USA. [Woillez, J.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Mennesson, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Bertrand.Mennesson@jpl.nasa.gov OI Absil, Olivier/0000-0002-4006-6237 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NASA; W.M. Keck Foundation; European Union through ERC grant [279973] FX The Keck Interferometer was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and at the NASA Exoplanet Science Center (NExScI), under contract with NASA. The Keck Observatory was made possible through the generous financial support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. This research has made use of the Washington Double Star Catalog maintained at the U.S. Naval Observatory. M.C.W. is grateful for support from the European Union through ERC grant number 279973. NR 88 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 797 IS 2 AR 119 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/797/2/119 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AW5BS UT WOS:000346291600047 ER PT J AU Rettura, A Martinez-Manso, J Stern, D Mei, S Ashby, MLN Brodwin, M Gettings, D Gonzalez, AH Stanford, SA Bartlett, JG AF Rettura, A. Martinez-Manso, J. Stern, D. Mei, S. Ashby, M. L. N. Brodwin, M. Gettings, D. Gonzalez, A. H. Stanford, S. A. Bartlett, J. G. TI CANDIDATE CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES AT z > 1.3 IDENTIFIED IN THE SPITZER SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE DEEP FIELD SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: statistics; infrared: galaxies; large-scale structure of universe ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; HALO OCCUPATION DISTRIBUTION; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; IRAC SHALLOW SURVEY; DARK-MATTER HALOES; FORMATION-DENSITY RELATION; STAR-FORMATION HISTORIES; SIMILAR-TO 1; SPECTROSCOPIC CONFIRMATION AB We present 279 galaxy cluster candidates at z > 1.3 selected from the 94 deg(2) Spitzer South Pole Telescope Deep Field (SSDF) survey. We use a simple algorithm to select candidate high-redshift clusters of galaxies based on Spitzer/IRAC mid-infrared data combined with shallow all-sky optical data. We identify distant cluster candidates adopting an overdensity threshold that results in a high purity (80%) cluster sample based on tests in the Spitzer Deep, Wide-Field Survey of the Bootes field. Our simple algorithm detects all three 1.4 < z <= 1.75 X-ray detected clusters in the Bootes field. The uniqueness of the SSDF survey resides not just in its area, one of the largest contiguous extragalactic fields observed with Spitzer, but also in its deep, multi-wavelength coverage by the South Pole Telescope (SPT), Herschel/SPIRE, and XMM-Newton. This rich data set will allow direct or stacked measurements of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect decrements or X-ray masses for many of the SSDF clusters presented here, and enable a systematic study of the most distant clusters on an unprecedented scale. We measure the angular correlation function of our sample and find that these candidates show strong clustering. Employing the COSMOS/UltraVista photometric catalog in order to infer the redshift distribution of our cluster selection, we find that these clusters have a comoving number density n(c) = (0.7(-0.6)(+6.3)) X 10(-7) h(3) Mpc(-3) and a spatial clustering correlation scale length r(0) = (32 +/- 7) h(-1) Mpc. Assuming our sample is comprised of dark matter halos above a characteristic minimum mass, M-min, we derive that at z = 1.5 these clusters reside in halos larger than M-min = 1.5(-0.7)(+0.9) x 10(14) h(-1) M-circle dot. We find that the mean mass of our cluster sample is equal to M-mean = 1.9(-0.8)(+1.0) x 10(14) h(-1) M-circle dot; thus, our sample contains the progenitors of present-day massive galaxy clusters. C1 [Rettura, A.; Stern, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Rettura, A.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Martinez-Manso, J.; Gettings, D.; Gonzalez, A. H.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Mei, S.] GEPI Observat Paris, Sect Meudon, Meudon, France. [Mei, S.] Univ Paris Denis Diderot, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Mei, S.] Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ashby, M. L. N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brodwin, M.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Stanford, S. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stanford, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Bartlett, J. G.] Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3, CEA lrfu,Observat Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC, F-75205 Paris 13, France. RP Rettura, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 169-234, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU NASA [1439211]; U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX A.R. is grateful to the SSDF Team for providing access to advanced data products and is thankful to Audrey Galametz, Dominika Wylezalek, Loredana Vetere, and Roberto Assef for useful discussions and comments on this paper. This work is based on data obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL), California Institute of Technology (Caltech), under a contract with NASA. Support was provided by NASA through contract number 1439211 issued by JPL/Caltech. Lawrence LivermoreNational Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 113 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 797 IS 2 AR 109 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/797/2/109 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AW5BS UT WOS:000346291600037 ER PT J AU Salim, S Lee, JC Ly, C Brinchmann, J Dave, R Dickinson, M Salzer, JJ Charlot, S AF Salim, Samir Lee, Janice C. Ly, Chun Brinchmann, Jarle Dave, Romeel Dickinson, Mark Salzer, John J. Charlot, Stephane TI A CRITICAL LOOK AT THE MASS-METALLICITY-STAR FORMATION RATE RELATION IN THE LOCAL UNIVERSE. I. AN IMPROVED ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK AND CONFOUNDING SYSTEMATICS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: abundances; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: fundamental parameters ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SIMILAR-TO 2; FORMING GALAXIES; DWARF GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT; STELLAR MASS; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; FUNDAMENTAL RELATION; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM AB It has been proposed that the (stellar) mass-(gas) metallicity relation of galaxies exhibits a secondary dependence on star formation rate (SFR), and that the resulting M-*-Z-SFR relation may be redshift-invariant, i.e., "fundamental." However, conflicting results on the character of the SFR dependence, and whether it exists, have been reported. To gain insight into the origins of the conflicting results, we (1) devise a non-parametric, astrophysically motivated analysis framework based on the offset from the star-forming ("main") sequence at a given M-* (relative specific SFR); (2) apply this methodology and perform a comprehensive re-analysis of the local M-*-Z-SFR relation, based on SDSS, GALEX, and WISE data; and (3) study the impact of sample selection and of using different metallicity and SFR indicators. We show that metallicity is anti-correlated with specific SFR regardless of the indicators used. We do not find that the relation is spurious due to correlations arising from biased metallicity measurements or fiber aperture effects. We emphasize that the dependence is weak/absent for massive galaxies (logM(*) > 10.5), and that the overall scatter in the M-*-Z-SFR relation does not greatly decrease from the M-*-Z relation. We find that the dependence is stronger for the highest SSFR galaxies above the star-forming sequence. This two-mode behavior can be described with a broken linear fit in 12+log(O/H) versus log (SFR/M-*), at a given M-*. Previous parameterizations used for comparative analysis with higher redshift samples that do not account for the more detailed behavior of the local M-*-Z-SFR relation may incorrectly lead to the conclusion that those samples follow a different relationship. C1 [Salim, Samir; Salzer, John J.] Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. [Lee, Janice C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ly, Chun] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brinchmann, Jarle] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Dave, Romeel] Univ Western Cape, ZA-7535 Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa. [Dickinson, Mark] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Charlot, Stephane] Inst Astrophys Paris, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Salim, S (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. EM salims@indiana.edu RI Brinchmann, Jarle/M-2616-2015; OI Brinchmann, Jarle/0000-0003-4359-8797; Ly, Chun/0000-0002-4245-2318; Salim, Samir/0000-0003-2342-7501 FU NASA [NNX12AE06G] FX We gratefully acknowledge efforts to design, construct and operate SDSS, GALEX and WISE, and produce and disseminate their data products. This work was supported through NASA ADAP award NNX12AE06G. We thank Steven Janowiecki for his help in assembling some of the data sets and Molly Peeples, Robert Yates and Liese van Zee for discussions regarding their work. NR 101 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 797 IS 2 AR 126 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/797/2/126 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AW5BS UT WOS:000346291600054 ER PT J AU Wik, DR Lehmer, BD Hornschemeier, AE Yukita, M Ptak, A Zezas, A Antoniou, V Argo, MK Bechtol, K Boggs, S Christensen, F Craig, W Hailey, C Harrison, F Krivonos, R Maccarone, TJ Stern, D Venters, T Zhang, WW AF Wik, D. R. Lehmer, B. D. Hornschemeier, A. E. Yukita, M. Ptak, A. Zezas, A. Antoniou, V. Argo, M. K. Bechtol, K. Boggs, S. Christensen, F. Craig, W. Hailey, C. Harrison, F. Krivonos, R. Maccarone, T. J. Stern, D. Venters, T. Zhang, W. W. TI SPATIALLY RESOLVING A STARBURST GALAXY AT HARD X-RAY ENERGIES: NuSTAR, CHANDRA, AND VLBA OBSERVATIONS OF NGC 253 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (NGC 253); galaxies: starburst; galaxies: star formation; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: galaxies ID LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; COMPACT RADIO-SOURCES; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; FE K LINE; BLACK-HOLE; NGC-253 STARBURST; NEARBY GALAXIES; EARLY UNIVERSE AB Prior to the launch of NuSTAR, it was not feasible to spatially resolve the hard (E > 10 keV) emission from galaxies beyond the Local Group. The combined NuSTAR data set, comprised of three similar to 165 ks observations, allows spatial characterization of the hard X-ray emission in the galaxy NGC 253 for the first time. As a follow up to our initial study of its nuclear region, we present the first results concerning the full galaxy from simultaneous NuSTAR, Chandra, and Very Long Baseline Array monitoring of the local starburst galaxy NGC 253. Above similar to 10 keV, nearly all the emission is concentrated within 100 '' of the galactic center, produced almost exclusively by three nuclear sources, an off-nuclear ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX), and a pulsar candidate that we identify for the first time in these observations. We detect 21 distinct sources in energy bands up to 25 keV, mostly consisting of intermediate state black hole X-ray binaries. The global X-ray emission of the galaxy-dominated by the off-nuclear ULX and nuclear sources, which are also likely ULXs-falls steeply (photon index greater than or similar to 3) above 10 keV, consistent with other NuSTAR-observed ULXs, and no significant excess above the background is detected at E > 40 keV. We report upper limits on diffuse inverse Compton emission for a range of spatial models. For the most extended morphologies considered, these hard X-ray constraints disfavor a dominant inverse Compton component to explain the. gamma-ray emission detected with Fermi and H.E.S.S. If NGC 253 is typical of starburst galaxies at higher redshift, their contribution to the E > 10 keV cosmic X-ray background is < 1%. C1 [Wik, D. R.; Lehmer, B. D.; Hornschemeier, A. E.; Yukita, M.; Ptak, A.; Venters, T.; Zhang, W. W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wik, D. R.; Lehmer, B. D.; Hornschemeier, A. E.; Yukita, M.; Ptak, A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Zezas, A.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion, Greece. [Zezas, A.; Antoniou, V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Argo, M. K.] Netherlands Inst Radio Astron, ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Argo, M. K.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Bechtol, K.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Boggs, S.; Craig, W.; Krivonos, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Christensen, F.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Craig, W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Hailey, C.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Harrison, F.] Caltech Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA USA. [Maccarone, T. J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Stern, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Wik, DR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015; Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; Antoniou, Vallia/E-3837-2013; OI Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224; Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Antoniou, Vallia/0000-0001-7539-1593; Argo, Megan/0000-0003-3594-0214 FU NASA; Chandra grant for Program [13620679] FX We thank the referee for insightful suggestions that improved the paper. This research was supported by an appointment (DRW) to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and made use of data from the NuSTAR mission, a project led by the California Institute of Technology, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and funded by NASA. We thank the NuSTAR Operations, Software and Calibration teams for support with the execution and analysis of these observations. This research has made use of the NuSTAR Data Analysis Software (NuSTARDAS) jointly developed by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC, Italy) and the California Institute of Technology (USA). This work was also funded by a Chandra grant for Program # 13620679 (PI: Hornschemeier). The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This work made use of the Swinburne University of Technology software correlator, developed as part of the Australian Major National Research Facilities Programme and operated under license. NR 107 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 797 IS 2 AR 79 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/797/2/79 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AW5BS UT WOS:000346291600007 ER PT J AU Zank, GP Hunana, P Mostafavi, P Goldstein, ML AF Zank, G. P. Hunana, P. Mostafavi, P. Goldstein, M. L. TI PICKUP ION MEDIATED PLASMAS. I. BASIC MODEL AND LINEAR WAVES IN THE SOLAR WIND AND LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: general; plasmas; solar wind; turbulence; waves ID ENERGETIC NEUTRAL ATOMS; BOUNDARY-EXPLORER IBEX; TERMINATION SHOCK; OUTER HELIOSPHERE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; TRANSPORT-THEORY; NEW-HORIZONS; COSMIC-RAYS; BOW SHOCK; HELIOSHEATH AB Pickup ions (PUIs) in the outer heliosphere and the local interstellar medium are created by charge exchange between protons and hydrogen (H) atoms, forming a thermodynamically dominant component. In the supersonic solar wind beyond >10AU, in the inner heliosheath (IHS), and in the very local interstellar medium (VLISM), PUIs do not equilibrate collisionally with the background plasma. Using a collisionless form of Chapman-Enskog expansion, we derive a closed system of multi-fluid equations for a plasma comprised of thermal protons and electrons, and suprathermal PUIs. The PUIs contribute an isotropic scalar pressure to leading order, a collisionless heat flux at the next order, and a collisionless stress tensor at the second-order. The collisionless heat conduction and viscosity in the multi-fluid description results from a non-isotropic PUI distribution. A simpler one-fluid MHD-like system of equations with distinct equations of state for both the background plasma and the PUIs is derived. We investigate linear wave properties in a PUI-mediated three-fluid plasma model for parameters appropriate to the VLISM, the IHS, and the solar wind in the outer heliosphere. Five distinct wave modes are possible: Alfven waves, thermal fast and slow magnetoacoustic waves, PUI fast and slow magnetoacoustic waves, and an entropy mode. The thermal and PUI acoustic modes propagate at approximately the combined thermal magnetoacoustic speed and the PUI sound speed respectively. All wave modes experience damping by the PUIs through the collisionless PUI heat flux. The PUI-mediated plasma model yields wave properties, including Alfven waves, distinctly different from those of the standard two-fluid model. C1 [Zank, G. P.; Hunana, P.; Mostafavi, P.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Zank, G. P.; Mostafavi, P.] Univ Alabama, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Goldstein, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliospher Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zank, GP (reprint author), Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. OI GOLDSTEIN, MELVYN/0000-0002-5317-988X FU IBEX NASA/SwRI award [NNG05EC85C, A99132BT]; NASA [NNX10AC17G]; International Space Science Institute in Bern, Switzerland FX This work was supported by IBEX NASA/SwRI award NNG05EC85C, subcontract A99132BT and NASA grant NNX10AC17G. G.P.Z. appreciates discussions at the team meeting "Heliosheath Processes and Structure of the Heliopause: Modeling Energetic Particles, Cosmic Rays, and Magnetic Fields" supported by the International Space Science Institute in Bern, Switzerland. NR 64 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 797 IS 2 AR 87 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/797/2/87 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AW5BS UT WOS:000346291600015 ER PT J AU Rim, T Meyyappan, M Baek, CK AF Rim, Taiuk Meyyappan, M. Baek, Chang-Ki TI Optimized operation of silicon nanowire field effect transistor sensors SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ion-sensitive field effect transistor; honeycomb structure; low frequency noise; sensor reliability; pH sensors ID ELECTRODE; NOISE AB Ion-sensitive field effect transistors have been advanced in recent years by utilizing silicon nanowires (Si-NWs), but establishing their optimized operation regime is an area of ongoing research. We propose a modified configuration of SiNWs in the form of a honeycomb structure to obtain high signal to noise ratio and high current stability. The low-frequency noise characteristics and the electrical stress are systematically considered for the optimization and compared against conventional SiNW devices. The operation voltage of the device severely affects the sensing stability; as the gate voltage is increased, the signal-to-noise ratio is enhanced, however, the stress effect becomes severe, and vice versa. The honeycomb nanowire structure shows enhanced noise characteristics in low voltage operation, proving to be an optimum solution for achieving highly stable sensor operation. C1 [Rim, Taiuk; Meyyappan, M.; Baek, Chang-Ki] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Dept Creat IT Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Rim, Taiuk; Meyyappan, M.; Baek, Chang-Ki] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Future IT Innovat Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Rim, T (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Dept Creat IT Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM baekck@postech.ac.kr FU IT Consilience Creative Program [NIPA-2014-H0201-14-1001] FX This work was supported by the 'IT Consilience Creative Program' (NIPA-2014-H0201-14-1001) supervised by the National IT Industry Promotion Agency, Korea. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 33 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD DEC 19 PY 2014 VL 25 IS 50 AR 505501 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/25/50/505501 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AU4TI UT WOS:000345603900012 PM 25422407 ER PT J AU Boardsen, SA Hospodarsky, GB Kletzing, CA Pfaff, RF Kurth, WS Wygant, JR MacDonald, EA AF Boardsen, S. A. Hospodarsky, G. B. Kletzing, C. A. Pfaff, R. F. Kurth, W. S. Wygant, J. R. MacDonald, E. A. TI Van Allen Probe observations of periodic rising frequencies of the fast magnetosonic mode SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fast magnetosonic waves; periodic dispersive features; inner dayside magnetosphere ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; ULF WAVES; MAGNETOSPHERE; PROTON; MASER AB Near simultaneous periodic dispersive features of fast magnetosonic mode emissions are observed by both Van Allen Probes spacecraft while separated in magnetic local time by similar to 5h: Probe A at 15 and Probe B at 9-11 h. Both spacecraft see similar frequency features, characterized by a periodic repetition at similar to 180s. Each repetition is characterized by a rising frequency. Since no modulation is observed in the proton shell distribution, the plasma density, or in the background magnetic field at either spacecraft we conclude that these waves are not generated near the spacecraft but external to both spacecraft locations. Probe A while outside the plasmapause sees the start of each repetition similar to 40s before probe B while deep inside the plasmasphere. We can qualitatively reproduce the dispersive features but not the quantitative details. The cause for this phenomena remains to be identified. C1 [Boardsen, S. A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Planetary Heliophys Inst, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Boardsen, S. A.; Pfaff, R. F.; MacDonald, E. A.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Hospodarsky, G. B.; Kletzing, C. A.; Kurth, W. S.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Wygant, J. R.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Boardsen, SA (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Planetary Heliophys Inst, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM Scott.A.Boardsen@nasa.gov OI Kletzing, Craig/0000-0002-4136-3348; Hospodarsky, George/0000-0001-9200-9878; Kurth, William/0000-0002-5471-6202 FU NASA [NAS5-01072] FX We thank Dave Sibeck for useful discussions and Aaron Roberts (http://hpde.gsfc.nasa.gov/) for providing software that allows one to directly load data sets from the Space Physics Data Facility directly into IDL. These data sets can be obtained from the electronic archive at the Space Physics Data Facility (http://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/). This study was supported by NASA prime contract NAS5-01072. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 23 BP 8161 EP 8168 DI 10.1002/2014GL062020 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AZ8JP UT WOS:000348462000003 ER PT J AU Muttik, N McCubbin, FM Keller, LP Santos, AR McCutcheon, WA Provencio, PP Rahman, Z Shearer, CK Boyce, JW Agee, CB AF Muttik, Nele McCubbin, Francis M. Keller, Lindsay P. Santos, Alison R. McCutcheon, Whitney A. Provencio, Paula P. Rahman, Zia Shearer, Charles K. Boyce, Jeremy W. Agee, Carl B. TI Inventory of H2O in the ancient Martian regolith from Northwest Africa 7034: The important role of Fe oxides SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Martian meteorites; NWA 7034; ancient Martian regolith breccia; water in NWA 7034; hydrous phases ID ALTERATION ASSEMBLAGES; ELEMENT ABUNDANCES; HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SILICATE-GLASSES; MELT INCLUSIONS; SNC METEORITES; WATER CONTENTS; GALE CRATER; MARS AB Water-rich Martian regolith breccia Northwest Africa (NWA) 7034 was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy to determine the inventory and phase distribution of H2O (used herein to refer to both molecular H2O and OH- structural components in hydrous minerals). Hydrous Fe oxide phases (hydromaghemite and an unidentified nanocrystalline Fe-bearing oxide phase observed with hydromaghemite) and phyllosilicates (saponite) were identified as the primary mineralogic hosts for H2O with a minor contribution from Cl-rich apatite. Based on mass balance calculations and modal abundances of minerals constrained by powder X-ray diffraction and petrography, we can account for the entire 6000ppm H2O measured in bulk rock analyses of NWA 7034. This H2O is distributed evenly between hydrous Fe-rich oxides and phyllosilicates, indicating that Fe oxides could be as important as phyllosilicates for H2O storage in Martian surface material. C1 [Muttik, Nele; McCubbin, Francis M.; Santos, Alison R.; McCutcheon, Whitney A.; Provencio, Paula P.; Shearer, Charles K.; Agee, Carl B.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [McCubbin, Francis M.; Agee, Carl B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Keller, Lindsay P.; Rahman, Zia] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Lab Space Sci, ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Boyce, Jeremy W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Muttik, N (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM nmuttik@unm.edu RI Boyce, Jeremy/A-7514-2008 FU Mars Fundamental Research Program [NNX13AG44G]; NASA Cosmochemistry Program [NNX13AH85G, NNX14AI23G, NNX13AG40G]; Mobilitas grant [MJD320]; NASA SRLIDAP program FX N.M., F.M.M., and W.A.M. acknowledge support from the Mars Fundamental Research Program during this study through grant NNX13AG44G to F.M.M. C.K.S. and P.P.P. acknowledge support from the NASA Cosmochemistry Program during this study through grant NNX13AH85G to C.K.S. A.R.S. and C.B.A. acknowledge support from the NASA Cosmochemistry program during this study through grant NNX14AI23G to C.B.A. J.W.B. acknowledges support from NASA Cosmochemistry grant NNX13AG40G. N.M. acknowledges support from Mobilitas grant MJD320. The JSC, TEM, and FIB were obtained through grants to L.P.K. from the NASA SRLIDAP program. Data from this paper can be accessed through the corresponding author. NR 85 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 23 BP 8235 EP 8244 DI 10.1002/2014GL062533 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AZ8JP UT WOS:000348462000013 ER PT J AU Kreslavsky, MA Head, JW Neumann, GA Zuber, MT Smith, DE AF Kreslavsky, Mikhail A. Head, James W. Neumann, Gregory A. Zuber, Maria T. Smith, David E. TI Kilometer-scale topographic roughness of Mercury: Correlation with geologic features and units SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mercury; topography; volcanic plains; regolith ID MESSENGER; EVOLUTION; LUNAR; MARS AB We present maps of the topographic roughness of the northern circumpolar area of 30 Mercury at kilometer scales. The maps are derived from range profiles obtained by the 31 Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA) instrument onboard the MErcury Surface, Space 32 ENvironment, Geochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission. As measures of 33 roughness, we used the interquartile range of profile curvature at three baselines: 0.7 km, 34 2.8 km, and 11 km. The maps provide a synoptic overview of variations of typical 35 topographic textures. They show a dichotomy between the smooth northern plains and 36 rougher, more heavily cratered terrains. Analysis of the scale dependence of roughness 37 indicates that the regolith on Mercury is thicker than on the Moon by approximately a 38 factor of three. Roughness contrasts within northern volcanic plains of Mercury indicate a 39 younger unit inside Goethe basin and inside another unnamed stealth basin. These new 40 data permit interplanetary comparisons of topographic roughness. C1 [Kreslavsky, Mikhail A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Kreslavsky, Mikhail A.] Moscow State Univ Geodesy & Cartog, Moscow, Russia. [Head, James W.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Neumann, Gregory A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zuber, Maria T.; Smith, David E.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Kreslavsky, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM mkreslav@ucsc.edu RI Neumann, Gregory/I-5591-2013; Kreslavsky, Mikhail/J-3425-2013; OI Neumann, Gregory/0000-0003-0644-9944; Kreslavsky, Mikhail/0000-0002-1900-826X FU Russian Science Foundation [14-22-00197]; MESSENGER mission [DTM 3250-05]; Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Lunar Orbiting Laser Altimeter (LOLA) (NASA) [NNX11AK29G, NNX13A077G] FX Source data used in this study are freely accessible through NASA Planetary Data System. New roughness maps are available online at http://planetary.brown.edu. M.A.K. greatly acknowledges being hosted by MIIGAiK and supported by Russian Science Foundation project 14-22-00197. We gratefully acknowledge financial support for this analysis from the MESSENGER mission (DTM 3250-05) and the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Lunar Orbiting Laser Altimeter (LOLA) (NASA grants NNX11AK29G and NNX13A077G) to J.W.H. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 23 BP 8245 EP 8251 DI 10.1002/2014GL062162 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AZ8JP UT WOS:000348462000014 ER PT J AU O'Rourke, JG Wolf, AS Ehlmann, BL AF O'Rourke, Joseph G. Wolf, Aaron S. Ehlmann, Bethany L. TI Venus: Interpreting the spatial distribution of volcanically modified craters SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Venus ID STAGNANT LID CONVECTION; IMPACT CRATERS; PLATE-TECTONICS; HISTORY; EVOLUTION; PLAINS; STYLES; MODELS; RATES; EARTH AB To understand the impact cratering record on Venus, we investigate two distinct resurfacing styles: localized, thin flows and large shield volcanoes. We statistically analyze the size-frequency distribution of volcanically modified craters and, using Monte Carlo simulations, their spatial distribution. Lava flows partially fill most craters, darkening their floors in radar images. We find that a model featuring localized, thin flows occurring throughout geologic time predicts their observed distribution. Individual flows may be morphologically indistinguishable, but, combined, they cover large provinces. Recent mantle plumes may drive a small amount of hot spot magmatism that produces the observed clusters of large shield volcanoes and obviously embayed craters. Ultimately, our analysis demonstrates that two styles of volcanism are needed to explain the observed properties of impact craters and that catastrophic resurfacing is not required. C1 [O'Rourke, Joseph G.; Ehlmann, Bethany L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wolf, Aaron S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ehlmann, Bethany L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP O'Rourke, JG (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jorourke@caltech.edu OI O'Rourke, Joseph/0000-0002-1180-996X FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship FX The corresponding author will provide all data and code used for this study on request. The original LPI and USGS databases of impact craters on Venus are available for download from the websites of their host institutions. J.G. O'Rourke is supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. We thank S. Smrekar and R. Phillips for extremely constructive reviews. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 23 BP 8252 EP 8260 DI 10.1002/2014GL062121 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AZ8JP UT WOS:000348462000015 ER PT J AU Chepfer, H Noel, V Winker, D Chiriaco, M AF Chepfer, H. Noel, V. Winker, D. Chiriaco, M. TI Where and when will we observe cloud changes due to climate warming? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE clouds; remote sensing; spaceborne lidar; climate ID OPTICAL DEPTH; MODEL; FEEDBACK; MISSION AB Climate models predict that the geographic distribution of clouds will change in response to anthropogenic warming, though uncertainties in the existing satellite record are larger than the magnitude of the predicted effects. Here we argue that cloud vertical distribution, observable by active spaceborne sensors, is a more robust signature of climate change. Comparison of Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project present day and +4K runs from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 shows that cloud radiative effect and total cloud cover do not represent robust signatures of climate change, as predicted changes fall within the range of variability in the current observational record. However, the predicted forced changes in cloud vertical distribution (directly measurable by spaceborne active sensors) are much larger than the currently observed variability and are expected to first appear at a statistically significant level in the upper troposphere, at all latitudes. C1 [Chepfer, H.] Univ Paris 06, LMD IPSL, Paris, France. [Noel, V.] CNRS, LMD IPSL, Paris, France. [Winker, D.] NASA Langley, Hampton, VA USA. [Chiriaco, M.] UVSQ, LATMOS IPSL, Guyancourt, France. RP Chepfer, H (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, LMD IPSL, Paris, France. EM chepfer@lmd.polytechnique.fr OI Noel, Vincent/0000-0001-9494-0340 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 23 BP 8387 EP 8395 DI 10.1002/2014GL061792 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AZ8JP UT WOS:000348462000032 ER PT J AU Sutterley, TC Velicogna, I Rignot, E Mouginot, J Flament, T van den Broeke, MR van Wessem, JM Reijmer, CH AF Sutterley, Tyler C. Velicogna, Isabella Rignot, Eric Mouginot, Jeremie Flament, Thomas van den Broeke, Michiel R. van Wessem, Jan M. Reijmer, Carleen H. TI Mass loss of the Amundsen Sea Embayment of West Antarctica from four independent techniques SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE mass balance; time-variable gravity; altimetry; ice fluxes; West Antarctica ID PINE ISLAND GLACIER; ICE-SHEET; LEVEL RISE; THWAITES GLACIERS; RADAR ALTIMETRY; UPLIFT RATES; BALANCE; SURFACE; GRACE; RETREAT AB We compare four independent estimates of the mass balance of the Amundsen Sea Embayment of West Antarctica, an area experiencing rapid retreat and mass loss to the sea. We use ICESat and Operation IceBridge laser altimetry, Envisat radar altimetry, GRACE time-variable gravity, RACMO2.3 surface mass balance, ice velocity from imaging radars, and ice thickness from radar sounders. The four methods agree in terms of mass loss and acceleration in loss at the regional scale. Over 1992-2013, the mass loss is 835 Gt/yr with an acceleration of 6.10.7 Gt/yr(2). During the common period 2003-2009, the mass loss is 8410 Gt/yr with an acceleration of 16.35.6 Gt/yr(2), nearly 3 times the acceleration over 1992-2013. Over 2003-2011, the mass loss is 102 +/- 10 Gt/yr with an acceleration of 15.7 +/- 4.0 Gt/yr(2). The results reconcile independent mass balance estimates in a setting dominated by change in ice dynamics with significant variability in surface mass balance. C1 [Sutterley, Tyler C.; Velicogna, Isabella; Rignot, Eric; Mouginot, Jeremie] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Velicogna, Isabella; Rignot, Eric] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Flament, Thomas] Observ Midi Pyrnes, LEGOS, Toulouse, France. [van den Broeke, Michiel R.; van Wessem, Jan M.; Reijmer, Carleen H.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Sutterley, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM tsutterl@uci.edu RI Van den Broeke, Michiel/F-7867-2011; Mouginot, Jeremie/G-7045-2015; Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014; Reijmer, Carleen/G-8736-2011; Sutterley, Tyler/Q-8325-2016; OI Van den Broeke, Michiel/0000-0003-4662-7565; Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481; Reijmer, Carleen/0000-0001-8299-3883; Sutterley, Tyler/0000-0002-6964-1194; Mouginot, Jeremie/0000-0001-9155-5455 FU NASA [JPL-1390432, UTA12-000609, UTA13-000917]; Netherlands Polar Program FX This work was performed at UCI, JPL-Caltech, and LEGOS-Toulouse. It was partially supported by the NASA's Cryosphere, Terrestrial Hydrology, IDS, MEASURES Programs, contracts JPL-1390432, UTA12-000609, UTA13-000917, and the Netherlands Polar Program. Data used in this manuscript are available upon request to the authors or from NSIDC. NR 58 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 9 U2 50 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 23 BP 8421 EP 8428 DI 10.1002/2014GL061940 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AZ8JP UT WOS:000348462000036 ER PT J AU Webb, SJ Zychowski, GV Bauman, SW Higgins, BM Raudsepp, T Gollahon, LS Wooten, KJ Cole, JM Godard-Codding, C AF Webb, Sarah J. Zychowski, Gregory V. Bauman, Sandy W. Higgins, Benjamin M. Raudsepp, Terje Gollahon, Lauren S. Wooten, Kimberly J. Cole, Jennifer M. Godard-Codding, Celine TI Establishment, Characterization, and Toxicological Application of Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) Primary Skin Fibroblast Cell Cultures SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CHELONIA-MYDAS; GREEN TURTLE; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CYTO-TOXICITY; UNITED-STATES; PLASMA; ORGANOCHLORINE; CONTAMINANTS AB Pollution is a well-known threat to sea turtles but its impact is poorly understood. In vitro toxicity testing presents a promising avenue to assess and monitor the effects of environmental pollutants in these animals within the legal constraints of their endangered status. Reptilian cell cultures are rare and, in sea turtles, largely derived from animals affected by tumors. Here we describe the full characterization of primary skin fibroblast cell cultures derived from biopsies of multiple healthy loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), and the subsequent optimization of traditional in vitro toxicity assays to reptilian cells. Characterization included validating fibroblast cells by morphology and immunocytochemistry, and optimizing culture conditions by use of growth curve assays with a fractional factorial experimental design. Two cell viability assays, MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and an assay measuring cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) expression by quantitative PCR were optimized in the characterized cells. MTT and LDH assays confirmed cytotoxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid at 500 mu M following 72 and 96 h exposures while CYP1A5 induction was detected after 72 h exposure to 0.1-10 mu M benzo[a]pyrene. This research demonstrates the validity of in vitro toxicity testing in sea turtles and highlights the need to optimize mammalian assays to reptilian cells. C1 [Webb, Sarah J.; Zychowski, Gregory V.; Bauman, Sandy W.; Wooten, Kimberly J.; Cole, Jennifer M.; Godard-Codding, Celine] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Higgins, Benjamin M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Raudsepp, Terje] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Gollahon, Lauren S.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Godard-Codding, C (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, 1207 Gilbert Dr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM celine.godard@ttu.edu FU PADI Foundation; Department of Interior/U.S. Geological Survey Deep Water Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment program FX Funding was provided by the PADI Foundation and the Department of Interior/U.S. Geological Survey Deep Water Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment program. NR 71 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 24 BP 14728 EP 14737 DI 10.1021/es504182e PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX1CO UT WOS:000346686100080 PM 25384208 ER PT J AU Smith, AK Lopez-Puertas, M Funke, B Garcia-Comas, M Mlynczak, MG Holt, LA AF Smith, Anne K. Lopez-Puertas, Manuel Funke, Bernd Garcia-Comas, Maya Mlynczak, Martin G. Holt, Laura A. TI Nighttime ozone variability in the high latitude winter mesosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHM THEORETICAL BASIS; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY; MODEL; CHEMISTRY; DYNAMICS; MLT; O-3 AB We use satellite observations and a numerical model to investigate polar nighttime ozone at the secondary maximum, around 90-95 km. Observations from the MIPAS and SABER satellite instruments indicate that the highest ozone mixing ratios are seen during the late fall to early winter period in both hemispheres and for all years examined. Simulations using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) find qualitatively the same seasonal evolution. Analysis of WACCM results shows that the high ozone concentration is due in part to the relatively quiet dynamical conditions in early winter. The mean circulation, which brings warmer temperatures and higher concentrations of H, is weaker in early winter than during middle and late winter. H in the late fall to early winter period drops to the lowest levels seen during the year due to lack of a source from photochemistry, weak transport into the region by the mean circulation, and continual loss due to diffusive separation. The low concentration of H leads to higher ozone. C1 [Smith, Anne K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lopez-Puertas, Manuel; Funke, Bernd; Garcia-Comas, Maya] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Mlynczak, Martin G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Holt, Laura A.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Smith, AK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM aksmith@ucar.edu RI Funke, Bernd/C-2162-2008; OI Funke, Bernd/0000-0003-0462-4702; Lopez-Puertas, Manuel/0000-0003-2941-7734 FU National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF); Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy; NSF; Spanish MCINN [AYA2011-23552]; EC FEDER; MINECO under its "Ramon y Cajal" subprogram FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. WACCM is a component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM), which is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy. CESM and the files needed to run it are available from NCAR; see https://www2.cesm.ucar.edu/models/current. Computing resources were provided by NCAR's Climate Simulation Laboratory, sponsored by NSF and other agencies. This research was enabled by the computational and storage resources of NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL). The IAA team was supported by the Spanish MCINN under grant AYA2011-23552 and EC FEDER funds. MGC is financially supported by the MINECO under its "Ramon y Cajal" subprogram. SABER version 2.0 ozone, temperature, atomic oxygen, and atomic hydrogen data are available from http://saber.gats-inc.com/. MIPAS ozone data are available from http://www.imk-asf.kit.edu/english/308.php. We thank R. Garcia and A. Conley for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 23 BP 13547 EP 13564 DI 10.1002/2014JD021987 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AX4MR UT WOS:000346907100028 ER PT J AU Ramsey, E Meyer, BM Rangoonwala, A Overton, E Jones, CE Bannister, T AF Ramsey, Elijah, III Meyer, Buffy M. Rangoonwala, Amina Overton, Edward Jones, Cathleen E. Bannister, Terri TI Oil source-fingerprinting in support of polarimetric radar mapping of Macondo-252 oil in Gulf Coast marshes SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Oil source-fingerprinting; Diagnostic ratio analysis; Wetland oil contamination; Radar detection of oil occurrence; Deepwater Horizon oil spill event ID SPILL; PERSISTENCE; IDENTIFICATION; DEGRADATION; BIOMARKERS; SAR AB Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PoISAR) data exhibited dramatic, spatially extensive changes from June 2009 to June 2010 in Barataria Bay, Louisiana. To determine whether these changes were associated with the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, twenty-nine sediment samples were collected in 2011 from shoreline and nearshore-interior coastal marsh locations where oil was not observed visually or with optical sensors during the spill. Oil source-fingerprinting and polytopic vector analysis were used to link DWH oil to PoISAR changes. Our results prove that DWH oil extended beyond shorelines and confirm the association between presence of DWH oil and PoISAR change. These results show that the DWH oil spill probably affected much more of the southeastern Louisiana marshland than originally concluded from ground and aerial surveys and verify that PoISAR is a powerful tool for tracking oil intrusion into marshes with high probability even where contamination is not visible from above the canopy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. C1 [Ramsey, Elijah, III; Rangoonwala, Amina] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [Meyer, Buffy M.; Overton, Edward] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Jones, Cathleen E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bannister, Terri] Univ Lafayette, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM ramseye@usgs.gov FU NASA-United States [11-TE11-104]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Research was supported in part by NASA-United States Grant #11-TE11-104 and was carried-out in collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 60 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.10.032 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY3PG UT WOS:000347494700026 PM 25455375 ER PT J AU Mueller, K Vidal, A Robbins, S Golombek, M West, C AF Mueller, Karl Vidal, Arwen Robbins, Stuart Golombek, Matthew West, Colin TI Fault and fold growth of the Amenthes uplift: Implications for Late Noachian crustal rheology and heat flow on Mars SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Amenthes Rupes; thrust fault; heat flow; brittle-ductile transition; MOLA ID SEISMIC-REFLECTION DATA; THRUST FAULTS; COMPOSITIONAL EVOLUTION; PROPAGATION FOLDS; WIND RIVER; MANTLE; CALIFORNIA; TOPOGRAPHY; TRANSITION; MECHANICS AB Determining the rheologic conditions that control growth of compressive structures on Mars is an elusive problem, one limited by the lack of seismologic and other data commonly available for comparable active uplifts on Earth. In some instances however, the geometry of faults on Mars that offset impact craters can be deduced from surface topography alone. With this aim, construction of a balanced and restorable structural cross section across the Late Noachian Amenthes uplift, or fault-related fold suggest it forms above a deeply penetrating blind thrust with a gently curved or listric geometry that flattens downward. Preferred structural solutions suggest the thrust dips between 41.5 degrees and 56.1 degrees at the surface and flattens into a horizontal decollement at depths of similar to 33-48 km. The range of values for depth to detachment are greater than previous estimates for the Amenthes thrust based on elastic modeling for a range of planar thrust geometries. Using the inference that the decollement corresponds to the onset of plasticity in the crust, the depth to detachment is consistent with surface heat flow of 24-33 mW m(-2) based on average values for heat production and the temperature threshold for the transition from brittle faulting to ductile shear on Mars. This suggests the crust at Amenthes during the Late Noachian may be slightly cooler than previously thought, similar to recent estimates derived from studies of lithospheric strength. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mueller, Karl; Vidal, Arwen] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Robbins, Stuart] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Golombek, Matthew] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [West, Colin] Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mueller, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Karl.Mueller@colorado.edu FU NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program [1241698] FX Support for this work was provided by NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program to M. Golombek and K. Mueller (grant 1241698). Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology was done under a contract with NASA. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 408 BP 100 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.09.047 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AX5CF UT WOS:000346944000011 ER PT J AU Bundschuh, J Yusaf, T Maity, JP Nelson, E Mamat, R Mahlia, TMI AF Bundschuh, Jochen Yusaf, Talal Maity, Jyoti Prakash Nelson, Emily Mamat, Rizalman Mahlia, T. M. Indra TI Algae-biomass for fuel, electricity and agriculture SO ENERGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUSTAINABLE ENERGY C1 [Bundschuh, Jochen] Univ So Queensland, Fac Hlth Engn & Surveying, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. [Bundschuh, Jochen] Univ So Queensland, NCEA, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. [Bundschuh, Jochen] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Yusaf, Talal] Univ So Queensland, Fac Engn & Surveying, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. [Maity, Jyoti Prakash] Natl Chung Cheng Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ming Shung 62102, Chiayi County, Taiwan. [Nelson, Emily] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Bio Sci & Technol Branch, Cleveland, OH USA. [Mamat, Rizalman] Univ Malaysia Pahang, Fac Mech Engn, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia. [Mahlia, T. M. Indra] Univ Tenaga Nas, Dept Mech Engn, Selangor, Malaysia. RP Bundschuh, J (reprint author), Univ So Queensland, Fac Hlth Engn & Surveying, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. EM jochen.bundschuh@usq.edu.au RI Yusaf, Talal/C-2059-2008; Yap, Boon Kar/D-6236-2015; Engineering, EE/O-1179-2016 OI Yusaf, Talal/0000-0002-5412-8881; Yap, Boon Kar/0000-0002-3010-5087; NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 EI 1873-6785 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 78 SI SI BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2014.11.005 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA AY4XU UT WOS:000347579200001 ER PT J AU Campbell, JF Lin, B Nehrir, AR Harrison, FW Obland, MD AF Campbell, Joel F. Lin, Bing Nehrir, Amin R. Harrison, F. Wallace Obland, Michael D. TI Super-resolution technique for CW lidar using Fourier transform reordering and Richardson-Lucy deconvolution SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CO2 COLUMN MEASUREMENTS; ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; LASER SYSTEM AB An interpolation method is described for range measurements of high precision altimetry with repeating intensity modulated continuous wave (IM-CW) lidar waveforms using binary phase shift keying (BPSK), where the range profile is determined by means of a cross-correlation between the digital form of the transmitted signal and the digitized return signal collected by the lidar receiver. This method uses reordering of the array elements in the frequency domain to convert a repeating synthetic pulse signal to single highly interpolated pulse. This is then enhanced further using Richardson-Lucy deconvolution to greatly enhance the resolution of the pulse. We show the sampling resolution and pulse width can be enhanced by about two orders of magnitude using the signal processing algorithms presented, thus breaking the fundamental resolution limit for BPSK modulation of a particular bandwidth and bit rate. We demonstrate the usefulness of this technique for determining cloud and tree canopy thicknesses far beyond this fundamental limit in a lidar not designed for this purpose. C1 [Campbell, Joel F.; Lin, Bing; Nehrir, Amin R.; Harrison, F. Wallace; Obland, Michael D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr Hampton, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Campbell, JF (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr Hampton, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM joel.f.campbell@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 24 BP 6981 EP 6984 DI 10.1364/OL.39.006981 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AW5YX UT WOS:000346347900055 PM 25503046 ER PT J AU Wang, L Zhang, P Habibi, MH Eldridge, JI Guo, SM AF Wang, Li Zhang, P. Habibi, M. H. Eldridge, Jeffrey I. Guo, S. M. TI Infrared radiative properties of plasma-sprayed strontium zirconate SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE TBCs; Thermal radiation; SrZrO3; Plasma spray; Optical properties ID THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SRZRO3; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; NANOCRYSTALS; COEFFICIENTS; ABSORPTION; CONDUCTION; SCATTERING; CERAMICS AB The room temperature directional-hemispherical reflectance and transmittance spectra of free-standing atmospheric plasma sprayed SrZrO3 coatings with different thicknesses were measured in the wavelength range of 0.8-6.0 mu m, and the absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient as a function of wavelength were extracted and compared with conventional yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Results showed that SrZrO3 is a high scattering, low absorption, and semitransparent material in the wavelength range where turbine engine thermal radiation is most concentrated. The absorption coefficient is extremely low and the scattering coefficient decreases with the increase of wavelength, which is caused by the decrease of the relative size of the scattering center compared with the wavelength. In the measured wavelength range, the scattering coefficient of SrZrO3 is higher than that of YSZ, which is beneficial for the TBC applications. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Li; Zhang, P.; Habibi, M. H.; Guo, S. M.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Zhang, P.] Southeast Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Eldridge, Jeffrey I.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Guo, SM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM sguo2@lsu.edu FU NASA [NNX09AP72A] FX This research is sponsored by NASA under Cooperative Agreement number NNX09AP72A. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X EI 1873-4979 J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 137 BP 5 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2014.08.106 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AU2TF UT WOS:000345469700002 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Rozier, KY AF Zhao, Yang Rozier, Kristin Yvonne TI Formal specification and verification of a coordination protocol for an automated air traffic control system SO SCIENCE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE Temporal logic; Model validation; Specification debugging; Model checking; Safety-critical system ID SAFETY-CRITICAL SOFTWARE; SYMBOLIC MODEL CHECKING; BRANCHING-TIME; REQUIREMENTS; TOOL AB Safe separation between aircraft is the primary consideration in air traffic control. To achieve the required level of assurance for this safety-critical application, the Automated Airspace Concept (AAC) proposes three levels of conflict detection and resolution. Recently, a high-level operational concept was proposed to define the cooperation between components in the MC. However, the proposed coordination protocol has not been formally studied. We use formal verification techniques to ensure there are no potentially catastrophic design flaws remaining in the MC design before the next stage of production. We formalize the high-level operational concept, which was previously described only in natural language, in both NuSMV and CadenceSMV, and perform model validation by checking against temporal logic specifications in LTL and CTL that we derive from the system description. We write LTL specifications describing safe system operations and use model checking for system verification. We employ specification debugging to ensure correctness of both sets of formal specifications and model abstraction to reduce model checking time and enable fast, design-time checking. We analyze two counterexamples revealing unexpected emergent behaviors in the operational concept that triggered design changes by system engineers to meet safety standards. Our experience report illuminates the application of formal methods in real safety-critical system development by detailing a complete end-to-end design-time verification process including all models and specifications. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Yang] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Rozier, Kristin Yvonne] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM zhaoy@cs.ucr.edu; Kristin.Y.Rozier@nasa.gov FU NASA's Airspace Systems Program; National Science Foundation [CCF-1018057] FX Work contributing to this paper was supported in part by NASA's Airspace Systems Program and by the National Science Foundation under Grant CCF-1018057. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6423 EI 1872-7964 J9 SCI COMPUT PROGRAM JI Sci. Comput. Program. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 96 SI SI BP 337 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.scico.2014.04.002 PN 3 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA AT8KA UT WOS:000345181100005 ER EF