FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Holzmann, GJ AF Holzmann, Gerard J. TI Mars Code SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Holzmann, GJ (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM gholzmann@acm.org NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 EI 1557-7317 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD FEB PY 2014 VL 57 IS 2 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.1145/2560217.2560218 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA AA1NY UT WOS:000330864200021 ER PT J AU Vlahinic, I Ando, E Viggiani, G Andrade, JE AF Vlahinic, Ivan Ando, Edward Viggiani, Gioacchino Andrade, Jose E. TI Towards a more accurate characterization of granular media: extracting quantitative descriptors from tomographic images SO GRANULAR MATTER LA English DT Article DE Computed tomography; Level set; Granular; Discrete; Characterization; Images ID LEVEL SET EVOLUTION; NONLOCAL MEANS; SEGMENTATION; MOTION AB Imaging, epitomized by computed tomography, continues to provide unprecedented 3D access to granular microstructures at ever-greater resolutions. The non-destructive technique has enabled deep insight into the morphology and behavior of granular materials, in situ and as a function of macroscopic states, e.g., loads. However, a significant bottleneck in this paradigm is that it ultimately yields qualitative 'pictures' of microstructure. Hence, a major challenge is to extract quantitative descriptors of grain-scale processes, e.g., morphological description of particles, kinematics, and spatial interactions. Existing methods, including watershed and burn algorithms, are plagued with limitations related to image resolution and with the inability to sharply identify grain-to-grain contact regions, which is crucial for studying force transmission and strength in granular materials. In this work, we propose a method to overcome these drawbacks. Specifically, a novel way to extract grain topology in particulate materials via level sets is introduced. It is shown that the proposed method can sharply resolve the topology of grain surfaces near to and far from grain-to-grain contact regions with sub-voxel resolution, and is capable of grain extraction directly in three dimensions. The proposed method still relies on traditional techniques for input, but ultimately leads to much improved grain characterization. We validate the approach using three dimensional CT images of highly rounded (Caicos ooid) and highly angular (Hostun sand) natural materials, with excellent results. C1 [Vlahinic, Ivan; Andrade, Jose E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, InSight Mission, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ando, Edward; Viggiani, Gioacchino] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS UMR 5521, Grenoble INP, Lab 3SR, F-38041 Grenoble, France. RP Andrade, JE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, InSight Mission, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jandrade@caltech.edu FU W.M. Keck Institute for Space Studies FX This work is supported in part by W.M. Keck Institute for Space Studies. This support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-5021 EI 1434-7636 J9 GRANUL MATTER JI Granul. Matter PD FEB PY 2014 VL 16 IS 1 BP 9 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s10035-013-0460-6 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA AA3CR UT WOS:000330971000002 ER PT J AU Kent, EC Berry, DI Prytherch, J Roberts, JB AF Kent, Elizabeth C. Berry, David I. Prytherch, John Roberts, J. Brent TI A comparison of global marine surface-specific humidity datasets from in situ observations and atmospheric reanalysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE marine climatology; atmospheric reanalysis; surface humidity; air-sea interaction; observations; specific humidity ID AIR-SEA FLUXES; SHIPS METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; HEAT-FLUX; RESPONSE EXPERIMENT; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; WIND STRESS; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; WATER; CLIMATOLOGY AB The accurate estimation of near-surface marine-specific humidity is necessary for climate and air-sea interaction applications. Available estimates of monthly mean-specific humidity spanning the past 50-years are based on a variety of sources including in situ observations, atmospheric reanalyses and datasets that blend many different data sources. Eight specific humidity datasets are compared and little consensus emerges as to mean values, regional variations and changes over time. For large area averages the datasets do show consistency in their interannual variations and, in the Extratropics, in their seasonal cycles. Adjustments applied to in situ observations from ships are shown to be smaller than differences among the datasets and in well-sampled regions and periods the in situ data are able to highlight biases in the reanalysis-based specific humidity estimates. Near surface-specific humidity estimates from two recent atmospheric reanalysis projects show markedly different responses in Tropical-specific humidity to the assimilation of satellite radiance measurements that became available in 1999. There is less confidence in reanalysis-based estimates of specific humidity over the ocean than over land. However the in situ-based humidity analyses have suffered in recent years with a reduction in observation numbers and lack of information on observation methods and heights. Consequently near-surface-specific humidity remains relatively poorly known over the oceans. C1 [Kent, Elizabeth C.; Berry, David I.; Prytherch, John] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Roberts, J. Brent] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Off, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Kent, EC (reprint author), Natl Oceanog Ctr, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM eck@noc.ac.uk RI Berry, David/C-1268-2011; Kent, Elizabeth/C-1281-2011; OI Kent, Elizabeth/0000-0002-6209-4247; Prytherch, John/0000-0003-1209-289X FU NOAA Climate Observations and Monitoring (COM) programme; NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO); National Oceanography Centre's National Capability programme FX The International Comprehensive Ocean-atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) archive of surface marine observations underpins the datasets used in this study. Scott Woodruff, Sandy Lubker, Steven Worley and Eric Freeman have all provided help and expert advice when needed. We are grateful to the National Center for Atmospheric Research for making the NOCv2.0 data available from the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory Research Data Archive (http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds260.3/). UWM/COADS data were obtained from the International Research Institute for Climate and Society/Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Climate Data Library (iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/). HadCRUH data were downloaded from the Met Office Hadley Centre observations datasets webpages (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/index.html). FSUv3.0 was downloaded from the Center for Atmosphere-ocean Prediction Studies of Florida State University (http://coaps.fsu.edu/RVSMDC/FSUFluxes/index.php). Twentieth Century Reanalysis V2 data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. OAFlux data were provided by the WHOI OAFlux project (http://oaflux.whoi.edu) funded by the NOAA Climate Observations and Monitoring (COM) programme. ERA Interim data were downloaded from the ECMWF data server. MERRA data were obtained from the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) and the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their help in improving this article. This study received funding through the NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) and the National Oceanography Centre's National Capability programme. NR 79 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 34 IS 2 BP 355 EP 376 DI 10.1002/joc.3691 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA6CU UT WOS:000331187200007 ER PT J AU Loikith, PC Broccoli, AJ AF Loikith, Paul C. Broccoli, Anthony J. TI The Influence of Recurrent Modes of Climate Variability on the Occurrence of Winter and Summer Extreme Temperatures over North America SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE North America; Arctic Oscillation; Atmospheric circulation; ENSO; Pacific-North American pattern; oscillation; Climate variability ID ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION PATTERNS; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; HEAT-WAVE; EL-NINO; HEMISPHERE; PRECIPITATION; 20TH-CENTURY AB The influence of the Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern, the northern annular mode (NAM), and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on extreme temperature days and months over North America is examined. Associations between extreme temperature days and months are strongest with the PNA and NAM and weaker for ENSO. In general, the association with extremes tends to be stronger on monthly than daily time scales and for winter as compared to summer. Extreme temperatures are associated with the PNA and NAM in the vicinity of the centers of action of these circulation patterns; however, many extremes also occur on days when the amplitude and polarity of these patterns do not favor their occurrence. In winter, synoptic-scale, transient weather disturbances are important drivers of extreme temperature days; however, many of these smaller-scale events are concurrent with amplified PNA or NAM patterns. Associations are weaker in summer when other physical mechanisms affecting the surface energy balance, such as anomalous soil moisture content, also influence the occurrence of extreme temperatures. C1 [Loikith, Paul C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Broccoli, Anthony J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Loikith, PC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM paul.c.loikith@jpl.nasa.gov RI Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014 OI Broccoli, Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0005467] FX This study was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Award DE-SC0005467. We thank John Lanzante for his insight and extremely helpful advice during this work. We also thank Justin Sheffield for providing the VIC data. This work was done as a private venture and not in the author's capacity as an employee of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1600 EP 1618 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00068.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA0VS UT WOS:000330816100014 ER PT J AU Yada, T Fujimura, A Abe, M Nakamura, T Noguchi, T Okazaki, R Nagao, K Ishibashi, Y Shirai, K Zolensky, ME Sandford, S Okada, T Uesugi, M Karouji, Y Ogawa, M Yakame, S Ueno, M Mukai, T Yoshikawa, M Kawaguchi, J AF Yada, Toru Fujimura, Akio Abe, Masanao Nakamura, Tomoki Noguchi, Takaaki Okazaki, Ryuji Nagao, Keisuke Ishibashi, Yukihiro Shirai, Kei Zolensky, Michael E. Sandford, Scott Okada, Tatsuaki Uesugi, Masayuki Karouji, Yuzuru Ogawa, Maho Yakame, Shogo Ueno, Munetaka Mukai, Toshifumi Yoshikawa, Makoto Kawaguchi, Junichiro TI Hayabusa-returned sample curation in the Planetary Material Sample Curation Facility of JAXA SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ITOKAWA DUST PARTICLES; ASTEROID ITOKAWA; 1998 SF36; MISSION; SPACECRAFT; REGOLITH; TARGET AB The Planetary Material Sample Curation Facility of JAXA (PMSCF/JAXA) was established in Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan, to curate planetary material samples returned from space in conditions of minimum terrestrial contaminants. The performances for the curation of Hayabusa-returned samples had been checked with a series of comprehensive tests and rehearsals. After the Hayabusa spacecraft had accomplished a round-trip flight to asteroid 25143 Itokawa and returned its reentry capsule to the Earth in June 2010, the reentry capsule was brought back to the PMSCF/JAXA and was put to a series of processes to extract recovered samples from Itokawa. The particles recovered from the sample catcher were analyzed by electron microscope, given their ID, grouped into four categories, and preserved in dimples on quartz slide glasses. Some fraction of them has been distributed for initial analyses at NASA, and will be distributed for international announcement of opportunity (AO), but a certain fraction of them will be preserved in vacuum for future analyses. C1 [Yada, Toru; Abe, Masanao; Ishibashi, Yukihiro; Shirai, Kei; Okada, Tatsuaki; Uesugi, Masayuki; Karouji, Yuzuru; Yoshikawa, Makoto; Kawaguchi, Junichiro] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Lunar & Planetary Explorat Program Grp, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Yada, Toru; Fujimura, Akio; Abe, Masanao; Okada, Tatsuaki; Ueno, Munetaka; Yoshikawa, Makoto] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Nakamura, Tomoki] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Mat Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Noguchi, Takaaki] Ibaraki Univ, Coll Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. [Okazaki, Ryuji] Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fac Sci, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Nagao, Keisuke] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Geochem Res Ctr, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Sandford, Scott] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Ogawa, Maho; Yakame, Shogo] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Mukai, Toshifumi] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. RP Yada, T (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Lunar & Planetary Explorat Program Grp, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. EM yada@planeta.sci.isas.jaxa.jp RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 49 IS 2 BP 135 EP 153 DI 10.1111/maps.12027 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AA6FH UT WOS:000331193700001 ER PT J AU Noguchi, T Kimura, M Hashimoto, T Konno, M Nakamura, T Zolensky, ME Okazaki, R Tanaka, M Tsuchiyama, A Nakato, A Ogami, T Ishida, H Sagae, R Tsujimoto, S Matsumoto, T Matsuno, J Fujimura, A Abe, M Yada, T Mukai, T Ueno, M Okada, T Shirai, K Ishibashi, Y AF Noguchi, Takaaki Kimura, Makoto Hashimoto, Takahito Konno, Mitsuru Nakamura, Tomoki Zolensky, Michael E. Okazaki, Ryuji Tanaka, Masahiko Tsuchiyama, Akira Nakato, Aiko Ogami, Toshinori Ishida, Hatsumi Sagae, Ryosuke Tsujimoto, Shinichi Matsumoto, Toru Matsuno, Junya Fujimura, Akio Abe, Masanao Yada, Toru Mukai, Toshifumi Ueno, Munetaka Okada, Tatsuaki Shirai, Kei Ishibashi, Yukihiro TI Space weathered rims found on the surfaces of the Itokawa dust particles SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LUNAR REGOLITH; ION IRRADIATION; VAPOR DEPOSITS; SOLAR-WIND; HAYABUSA SPACECRAFT; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ASTEROID SURFACES; NOBLE-GASES; OLIVINE; SAMPLES AB On the basis of observations using Cs-corrected STEM, we identified three types of surface modification probably formed by space weathering on the surfaces of Itokawa particles. They are (1) redeposition rims (2-3nm), (2) composite rims (30-60nm), and (3) composite vesicular rims (60-80nm). These rims are characterized by a combination of three zones. Zone I occupies the outermost part of the surface modification, which contains elements that are not included in the unchanged substrate minerals, suggesting that this zone is composed of sputter deposits and/or impact vapor deposits originating from the surrounding minerals. Redeposition rims are composed only of Zone I and directly attaches to the unchanged minerals (Zone III). Zone I of composite and composite vesicular rims often contains nanophase (Fe,Mg)S. The composite rims and the composite vesicular rims have a two-layered structure: a combination of Zone I and Zone II, below which Zone III exists. Zone II is the partially amorphized zone. Zone II of ferromagnesian silicates contains abundant nanophase Fe. Radiation-induced segregation and in situ reduction are the most plausible mechanisms to form nanophase Fe in Zone II. Their lattice fringes indicate that they contain metallic iron, which probably causes the reddening of the reflectance spectra of Itokawa. Zone II of the composite vesicular rims contains vesicles. The vesicles in Zone II were probably formed by segregation of solar wind He implanted in this zone. The textures strongly suggest that solar wind irradiation damage and implantation are the major causes of surface modification and space weathering on Itokawa. C1 [Noguchi, Takaaki; Kimura, Makoto; Sagae, Ryosuke; Tsujimoto, Shinichi] Ibaraki Univ, Coll Sci, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. [Hashimoto, Takahito; Konno, Mitsuru] Hitachi High Technologies Corp, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 3128504, Japan. [Nakamura, Tomoki; Nakato, Aiko; Ogami, Toshinori; Ishida, Hatsumi] Tohoku Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Okazaki, Ryuji] Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Tanaka, Masahiko] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. [Tsuchiyama, Akira; Matsumoto, Toru; Matsuno, Junya] Kyoto Univ, Dept Geol & Mineral, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Fujimura, Akio; Abe, Masanao; Yada, Toru; Mukai, Toshifumi; Ueno, Munetaka; Okada, Tatsuaki; Shirai, Kei; Ishibashi, Yukihiro] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. RP Noguchi, T (reprint author), Ibaraki Univ, Coll Sci, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. EM tngc@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 FU JSPS KAKENHI grant [2424408]; NASA's Muses-CN Program FX First, we especially thank the Hayabusa project team for the sample return. We are grateful to M. Kawamoto, R. Hinoki, A. Yamaguchi, Y. Suzuki, T. Sato, Y. Kuroda, K. Watanabe, and K. Muto for supporting N2 purge sample preparation at ISAS/JAXA and Ibaraki University, FE-SEM observation at Ibaraki University, and STEM and FE-SEM observation at Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, and FE-TEM observation at Hitachi High-Tech Manufacturing and Service Corporation. We are most grateful to J. P. Bradley for reading the manuscript and giving us constructive comments. Discussion in a seminar at Nuclear Science Research Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency was also useful to improve the manuscript. Constructive and detailed comments by reviewers and the AE were quite useful to improve the manuscript. T. Noguchi was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant number 2424408. M. E. Zolensky was supported by NASA's Muses-CN Program. NR 74 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 49 IS 2 BP 188 EP 214 DI 10.1111/maps.12111 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AA6FH UT WOS:000331193700004 ER PT J AU Nakamura, T Nakato, A Ishida, H Wakita, S Noguchi, T Zolensky, ME Tanaka, M Kimura, M Tshuchiyama, A Ogami, T Hashimoto, T Konno, M Uesugi, M Yada, T Shirai, K Fujimura, A Okazaki, R Sandford, SA Ishibashi, Y Abe, M Okada, T Ueno, M Kawaguchi, J AF Nakamura, Tomoki Nakato, Aiko Ishida, Hatsumi Wakita, Shigeru Noguchi, Takaaki Zolensky, Michael E. Tanaka, Masahiko Kimura, Makoto Tshuchiyama, Akira Ogami, Toshihiro Hashimoto, Takahito Konno, Mitsuru Uesugi, Masayuki Yada, Toru Shirai, Kei Fujimura, Akio Okazaki, Ryuji Sandford, Scott. A. Ishibashi, Yukihiro Abe, Masanao Okada, Tatsuaki Ueno, Munetaka Kawaguchi, Junichiro TI Mineral chemistry of MUSES-C Regio inferred from analysis of dust particles collected from the first- and second-touchdown sites on asteroid Itokawa SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PARENT BODY METAMORPHISM; ORDINARY CHONDRITES; HAYABUSA SPACECRAFT; NASI-CAAL; SHOCK; METEORITES; REGOLITH; INTERDIFFUSION; PLAGIOCLASE; THERMOMETRY AB The mineralogy and mineral chemistry of Itokawa dust particles captured during the first and second touchdowns on the MUSES-C Regio were characterized by synchrotron-radiation X-ray diffraction and field-emission electron microprobe analysis. Olivine and low- and high-Ca pyroxene, plagioclase, and merrillite compositions of the first-touchdown particles are similar to those of the second-touchdown particles. The two touchdown sites are separated by approximately 100 meters and therefore the similarity suggests that MUSES-C Regio is covered with dust particles of uniform mineral chemistry of LL chondrites. Quantitative compositional properties of 48 dust particles, including both first- and second-touchdown samples, indicate that dust particles of MUSES-C Regio have experienced prolonged thermal metamorphism, but they are not fully equilibrated in terms of chemical composition. This suggests that MUSES-C particles were heated in a single asteroid at different temperatures. During slow cooling from a peak temperature of approximately 800 degrees C, chemical compositions of plagioclase and K-feldspar seem to have been modified: Ab and Or contents changed during cooling, but An did not. This compositional modification is reproduced by a numerical simulation that modeled the cooling process of a 50 km sized Itokawa parent asteroid. After cooling, some particles have been heavily impacted and heated, which resulted in heterogeneous distributions of Na and K within plagioclase crystals. Impact-induced chemical modification of plagioclase was verified by a comparison to a shock vein in the Kilabo LL6 ordinary chondrite where Na-K distributions of plagioclase have been disturbed. C1 [Nakamura, Tomoki; Nakato, Aiko; Ishida, Hatsumi; Wakita, Shigeru; Ogami, Toshihiro] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Earth & Planetary Mat Sci, Lab Early Solar Syst Evolut,Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Noguchi, Takaaki; Kimura, Makoto] Ibaraki Univ, Coll Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. [Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Tanaka, Masahiko] SPring 8, Natl Inst Mat Sci, WEBRAM, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. [Tshuchiyama, Akira] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Hashimoto, Takahito; Konno, Mitsuru] Hitachi High Technol Corp, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 3128504, Japan. [Uesugi, Masayuki; Yada, Toru; Shirai, Kei; Fujimura, Akio; Ishibashi, Yukihiro; Abe, Masanao; Okada, Tatsuaki; Ueno, Munetaka; Kawaguchi, Junichiro] JAXA ISAS, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Okazaki, Ryuji] Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fac Sci, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Sandford, Scott. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Nakamura, T (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Earth & Planetary Mat Sci, Lab Early Solar Syst Evolut,Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM tomoki@m.tohoku.ac.jp RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; OI Wakita, Shigeru/0000-0002-3161-3454 FU Ministry of Education, Technology, and Science [21340165]; NASA Muses-CN Program; Global COE project at Tohoku University FX We thank the Hayabusa project team for the sample return; KEK and SPring-8 for synchrotron experiments; the Global COE project at Tohoku University for financial support; Drs. Hokada and Ikeda for discussion; Drs. Nakao, Yamazaki, Shimada, Kakazu, Tazawa, Matsuoka, Matumoto, Matsuno, Katsuya, Matsushita, Sugimoto, and Aoki for technical support; and Drs. Ruzicka, Jones, and Ogliore for constructive reviews of the manuscript. Tomoki Nakamura is supported by a grant from Ministry of Education, Technology, and Science (No. 21340165). Michael Zolensky and Scott Sandford acknowledge the NASA Muses-CN Program for support. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 49 IS 2 BP 215 EP 227 DI 10.1111/maps.12247 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AA6FH UT WOS:000331193700005 ER PT J AU Forster, RR Box, JE van den Broeke, MR Miege, C Burgess, EW van Angelen, JH Lenaerts, JTM Koenig, LS Paden, J Lewis, C Gogineni, SP Leuschen, C McConnell, JR AF Forster, Richard R. Box, Jason E. van den Broeke, Michiel R. Miege, Clement Burgess, Evan W. van Angelen, Jan H. Lenaerts, Jan T. M. Koenig, Lora S. Paden, John Lewis, Cameron Gogineni, S. Prasad Leuschen, Carl McConnell, Joseph R. TI Extensive liquid meltwater storage in firn within the Greenland ice sheet SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RADAR; MODEL AB Mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet contributes significantly to present sea level rise(1). High meltwater runoff is responsible for half of Greenland's mass loss(2). Surface melt has been spreading and intensifying in Greenland, with the highest ever surface area melt and runoff recorded in 2012(3). However, how surface melt water reaches the ocean, and how fast it does so, is poorly understood. Firn-partially compacted snow from previous years-potentially has the capacity to store significant amounts of melt water in liquid or frozen form(4), and thus delay its contribution to sea level. Here we present direct observations from ground and airborne radar, as well as ice cores, of liquid water within firn in the southern Greenland ice sheet. We find a substantial amount of water in this firn aquifer that persists throughout the winter, when snow accumulation and melt rates are high. This represents a previously unknown storage mode for water within the ice sheet. We estimate, using a regional climate model, aquifer area at about 70,000 km(2) and the depth to the top of the water table as 5-50 m. The perennial firn aquifer could be important for estimates of ice sheet mass and energy budget. C1 [Forster, Richard R.; Miege, Clement; Burgess, Evan W.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Box, Jason E.] Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland GEUS, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Box, Jason E.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [van den Broeke, Michiel R.; van Angelen, Jan H.; Lenaerts, Jan T. M.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Koenig, Lora S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Paden, John; Lewis, Cameron; Gogineni, S. Prasad; Leuschen, Carl] Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [McConnell, Joseph R.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Forster, RR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM rick.forster@geog.utah.edu RI Van den Broeke, Michiel/F-7867-2011; Lenaerts, Jan/D-9423-2012; Box, Jason/H-5770-2013; OI Van den Broeke, Michiel/0000-0003-4662-7565; Lenaerts, Jan/0000-0003-4309-4011; Miege, Clement/0000-0002-1894-3723 FU National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs Award [ARC-0909499, ARC-0909469]; Polar Program of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO/ALW); NSF [ANT-0424589]; NASA [NNX10AT68G] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs Award ARC-0909499, ARC-0909469, and the Polar Program of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO/ALW). We acknowledge the use of data and/or data products from Center for Remote Sensing of the Ice Sheets generated with support from NSF grant ANT-0424589 and NASA grant NNX10AT68G. CH2MHill Polar Field Services provided vital logistical support. The NASA airborne radar data can be obtained free of charge from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (IceBridge Accumulation Radar L1B Geolocated Radar Echo Strength Profiles, April-May 2010). NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 44 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.1038/NGEO2043 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AA5LP UT WOS:000331140800011 ER PT J AU Protti, M Gonzalez, V Newman, AV Dixon, TH Schwartz, SY Marshall, JS Feng, LJ Walter, JI Malservisi, R Owen, SE AF Protti, Marino Gonzalez, Victor Newman, Andrew V. Dixon, Timothy H. Schwartz, Susan Y. Marshall, Jeffrey S. Feng, Lujia Walter, Jacob I. Malservisi, Rocco Owen, Susan E. TI Nicoya earthquake rupture anticipated by geodetic measurement of the locked plate interface SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COSTA-RICA; SEISMOGENIC ZONE; P-WAVE; PENINSULA; VARIABILITY; BOUNDARIES; TSUNAMI; MARGIN; GPS AB The Nicoya Peninsula in Costa Rica is one of the few places on Earth where the seismically active plate interface of a subduction zone is directly overlaid by land rather than ocean. At this plate interface, large megathrust earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 7 occur approximately every 50 years. Such quakes occurred in 1853, 1900 and 1950, so another large earthquake had been anticipated(1,2). Land-based Global Positioning System(3,4) (GPS) and seismic(5-7) measurements revealed a region where the plate interface was locked and hence accumulated seismic strain that could be released in future earthquakes. On 5 September 2012, the long long-anticipated Nicoya earthquake occurred in the heart of the previously identified locked patch. Here we report observations of coseismic deformation from GPS and geomorphic data along the Nicoya Peninsula and show that the magnitude 7.6 Nicoya earthquake ruptured the lateral and down-dip extent of the previously locked region of the plate interface. We also identify a previously locked part of the plate interface, located immediately offshore, that may not have slipped during the 2012 earthquake, where monitoring should continue. By pairing observations of the spatial extent of interseismic locking and subsequent coseismic rupture, we demonstrate the use of detailed near-field geodetic investigations during the late interseismic period for identifying future earthquake potential. C1 [Protti, Marino; Gonzalez, Victor] Univ Nacl, Observ Vulcanol & Sismol Costa Rica OVSICORI, Heredia 3000, Costa Rica. [Newman, Andrew V.; Walter, Jacob I.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Dixon, Timothy H.; Malservisi, Rocco] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Schwartz, Susan Y.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Marshall, Jeffrey S.] Cal Poly Pomona, Dept Geol Sci, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Feng, Lujia] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Owen, Susan E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Newman, AV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM anewman@gatech.edu RI Newman, Andrew/E-7682-2012; Feng, Lujia/F-2523-2012; Walter, Jacob/C-6806-2015 OI Newman, Andrew/0000-0001-7414-1197; Feng, Lujia/0000-0002-3736-5025; Walter, Jacob/0000-0001-7127-9422 FU NSF [0847382, 1140261, 0948312, 1262267] FX We thank the field team including S. Polster, J. Richardson, D. Voytenko, G. Barcheck, S. Morrish, E. Menjivar and E. Hernandez. We thank the now finished NSF MARGINS programme for providing regional focus for studying seismogenic zone processes in Costa Rica. Support to S.Y.S. and T. H. D. was provided by NSF no. 0847382 and 1140261, support to J. S. M. was provided by NSF no. 0948312 and support to A.V.N. was provided by NSF no. 1262267 and 0847382. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 26 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1038/NGEO2038 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AA5LP UT WOS:000331140800016 ER PT J AU Porter, TJ Pisaric, MFJ Field, RD Kokelj, SV Edwards, TWD deMontigny, P Healy, R LeGrande, AN AF Porter, Trevor J. Pisaric, Michael F. J. Field, Robert D. Kokelj, Steven V. Edwards, Thomas W. D. deMontigny, Peter Healy, Richard LeGrande, Allegra N. TI Spring-summer temperatures since AD 1780 reconstructed from stable oxygen isotope ratios in white spruce tree-rings from the Mackenzie Delta, northwestern Canada SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Mackenzie Delta; White spruce tree-rings; Stable oxygen isotope ratios; Atmospheric circulation; Temperature reconstruction; NASA-GISS ModelE ID HIGH-RESOLUTION PALEOCLIMATOLOGY; WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; ICE-CORE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; YUKON-TERRITORY; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; REANALYSIS PROJECT; LAST MILLENNIUM AB High-latitude delta O-18 archives deriving from meteoric water (e.g., tree-rings and ice-cores) can provide valuable information on past temperature variability, but stationarity of temperature signals in these archives depends on the stability of moisture source/trajectory and precipitation seasonality, both of which can be affected by atmospheric circulation changes. A tree-ring delta O-18 record (AD 1780-2003) from the Mackenzie Delta is evaluated as a temperature proxy based on linear regression diagnostics. The primary source of moisture for this region is the North Pacific and, thus, North Pacific atmospheric circulation variability could potentially affect the tree-ring delta O-18-temperature signal. Over the instrumental period (AD 1892-2003), tree-ring delta O-18 explained 29 % of interannual variability in April-July minimum temperatures, and the explained variability increases substantially at lower-frequencies. A split-period calibration/verification analysis found the delta O-18-temperature relation was time-stable, which supported a temperature reconstruction back to AD 1780. The stability of the delta O-18-temperature signal indirectly implies the study region is insensitive to North Pacific circulation effects, since North Pacific circulation was not constant over the calibration period. Simulations from the NASA-GISS ModelE isotope-enabled general circulation model confirm that meteoric delta O-18 and precipitation seasonality in the study region are likely insensitive to North Pacific circulation effects, highlighting the paleoclimatic value of tree-ring and possibly other delta O-18 records from this region. Our delta O-18-based temperature reconstruction is the first of its kind in northwestern North America, and one of few worldwide, and provides a long-term context for evaluating recent climate warming in the Mackenzie Delta region. C1 [Porter, Trevor J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Porter, Trevor J.; Pisaric, Michael F. J.; deMontigny, Peter] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Pisaric, Michael F. J.] Brock Univ, Dept Geog, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. [Field, Robert D.; Healy, Richard; LeGrande, Allegra N.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Field, Robert D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Kokelj, Steven V.] Aboriginal Affairs & Northern Dev Canada, Yellowknife, NT, Canada. [Edwards, Thomas W. D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Porter, TJ (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. EM porter@ualberta.ca RI Healy, Richard/J-9214-2015; OI Healy, Richard/0000-0002-5098-8921; Porter, Trevor/0000-0002-5916-1998 FU Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada grant; NSERC; Northern Scientific Training Program FX Financial support for this project is gratefully acknowledged: Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada grant; NSERC Discovery grant and Northern Supplement (M. Pisaric); Northern Scientific Training Program (T. Porter); NSERC Postgraduate Scholarship (T. Porter). Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments which improved the final manuscript. NR 116 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 42 IS 3-4 BP 771 EP 785 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1674-3 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 304FA UT WOS:000330731300013 ER PT J AU Kowalski, BA Sehirlioglu, A Dynys, FW Sayir, A AF Kowalski, Ben A. Sehirlioglu, Alp Dynys, Fred W. Sayir, Ali TI Characterization of the High-Temperature Ferroelectric (100-x-y)BiScO3-( x) Bi(Zr0.5Zn0.5)O-3-(y)PbTiO3 Perovskite Ternary Solid Solution SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CERAMICS; DEPENDENCE AB Ternary compositions based on Bi(BB)O-3-PbTiO3-type compounds have been investigated for high-temperature piezoelectric applications. Compositions in the ternary were chosen to be near the binary morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition of BiScO3-PbTiO3 (BS-PT). Ternary compositions in (100-x-y)BiScO3-(x)Bi(Zr0.5Zn0.5)O-3-(y)PbTiO3 [(100-x-y)BS-xBZZ-yPT] have been investigated with x7.5. For compositions with x>10, the Curie temperature (T-C) decreased below 400 degrees C. Dielectric, piezoelectric, and electromechanical properties were characterized as a function of temperature, frequency, and electric field. Small additions of BZZ were shown to increase the electromechanical properties with only a small loss in T-C. The electromechanical properties were temperature stable up to the depoling temperature. The most promising composition exhibited a T-C of 430 degrees C, piezoelectric coefficient (d(33)) of 520pC/N, and a planar coupling factor (k(p)) of 0.45 that remained unchanged up to depoling temperature at 385 degrees C. C1 [Kowalski, Ben A.; Sehirlioglu, Alp] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Dynys, Fred W.; Sayir, Ali] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Kowalski, BA (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM bak121@case.edu OI Kowalski, Ben/0000-0001-9324-1628 FU NASA under the GSRP [NNX11AL17H]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-0601-1-0260] FX The author would like to thank Tom Sabo at Case Western Reserve University and Jon Mackey at University of Akron for all the help provided during the research. Supported by NASA under the GSRP fellowship funding no. NNX11AL17H. Partial funding was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under funding no. FA9550-0601-1-0260. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 97 IS 2 BP 490 EP 497 DI 10.1111/jace.12648 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 303OP UT WOS:000330684200025 ER PT J AU Pavlovic, VP Nikolic, MV Pavlovic, VB Blanusa, J Stevanovic, S Mitic, VV Scepanovic, M Vlahovic, B AF Pavlovic, Vera P. Nikolic, Maria V. Pavlovic, Vladimir B. Blanusa, Jovan Stevanovic, Suzana Mitic, Vojislav V. Scepanovic, Maja Vlahovic, Branislav TI Raman Responses in Mechanically Activated BaTiO3 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE RAMAN; BARIUM-TITANATE; THIN-FILMS; MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; TETRAGONAL BATIO3; PHASE-TRANSITION; SIZE; PARTICLES; SPECTRA AB The structure and lattice dynamics of mechanically activated BaTiO3 was investigated in this study. Phonon behavior and crystal structure stability of the obtained nanocrystalline BaTiO3 were discussed from the view point of crystallite size effects and microstrains induced by mechanical activation. A systematic study of Raman responses indicates that mechanical activation has a distinct influence on BaTiO3 lattice spectra affecting the intensity, width, and position of Raman modes. The measured Raman spectra were deconvoluted and phonon parameters were estimated. It has been established that applied mechanical activation leads to a significant decrease in the mean crystallites size, but nevertheless enables formation of tetragonal nanocrystalline BaTiO3. C1 [Pavlovic, Vera P.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Mech Engn, Belgrade, Serbia. [Nikolic, Maria V.] Univ Belgrade, Inst Multidisciplinary Res, Belgrade, Serbia. [Pavlovic, Vladimir B.] Univ Belgrade, Dept Math & Phys, FoA, Belgrade, Serbia. [Blanusa, Jovan] Univ Belgrade, Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade, Serbia. [Pavlovic, Vladimir B.; Stevanovic, Suzana; Mitic, Vojislav V.] SASA, Inst Tech Sci, Belgrade, Serbia. [Mitic, Vojislav V.] Univ Nis, Fac Elect Engn, Nish, Serbia. [Scepanovic, Maja] Univ Belgrade, Ctr Solid State Phys & New Mat, Inst Phys, Belgrade, Serbia. [Vlahovic, Branislav] NASA, Univ Res Ctr Aerosp Device Res & Educ, Durham, NC USA. [Vlahovic, Branislav] NSF, Ctr Res Excellence Sci & Technol, Computat Ctr Fundamental & Appl Sci & Educ, Durham, NC USA. RP Pavlovic, VP (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Mech Engn, Belgrade, Serbia. EM vppavlovic@sbb.rs RI Scepanovic, Maja/F-6720-2010; Mitic, Vojislav/B-4706-2012; Filipovic, Suzana/B-8248-2009; Pavlovic, Vladimir/E-5202-2016; OI Filipovic, Suzana/0000-0001-6383-8327; Pavlovic, Vladimir/0000-0002-1138-0331; Nikolic, Maria/0000-0001-5035-0170 FU Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development [172057]; NSF CREST [HRD0833184]; NASA [NNX09AVO7A] FX This research was supported in part by the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development [project "Directed synthesis, structure and properties of multifunctional materials" (172057)] and projects NSF CREST (HRD0833184) and NASA (NNX09AVO7A). NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 97 IS 2 BP 601 EP 608 DI 10.1111/jace.12423 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 303OP UT WOS:000330684200040 ER PT J AU Polko, P Meier, DL Markoff, S AF Polko, Peter Meier, David L. Markoff, Sera TI Linking accretion flow and particle acceleration in jets - II. Self-similar jet models with full relativistic MHD gravitational mass SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; MHD; methods: analytical; ISM: jets and outflows ID X-RAY BINARIES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; CENTRAL BLACK-HOLE; SYNCHROTRON EMISSION; SHOCK ACCELERATION; XTE J1118+480; COMPACT JET; RADIO JET; GX 339-4; M87 AB We present a new, semi-analytic formalism to model the acceleration and collimation of relativistic jets in a gravitational potential. The gravitational energy density includes the kinetic, thermal and electromagnetic mass contributions. The solutions are close to self-similar throughout the integration, from very close to the black hole to the region where gravity is unimportant. The field lines are tied to the conditions very close to the central object and eventually overcollimate, possibly leading to a collimation shock. This collimation shock could provide the conditions for diffusive shock acceleration, leading to the observed electron populations with a power-law energy distribution in jets. We provide the derivation, a detailed analysis of a solution and describe the effects the parameters have on the properties of the solutions, such as the Lorentz factor and location of the collimation shock. We also discuss the deviations from self-similarity. By comparing the new gravity term with the gravity term obtained from a non-relativistic formalism in a previous work, we show they are equivalent in the non-relativistic limit. This equivalence shows the approach taken in that work is valid and allows us to comment on its limitations. C1 [Polko, Peter; Markoff, Sera] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Meier, David L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Polko, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, John S Toll Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM polko@umd.edu FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Vidi Fellowship; European Community [ITN 215212] FX PP and SMf gratefully acknowledge support from a Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Vidi Fellowship. In addition, SM is grateful for support from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement number ITN 215212 'Black Hole Universe'. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments that improved this manuscript. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 438 IS 2 BP 959 EP 970 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt2155 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AA2WW UT WOS:000330955900005 ER PT J AU Pan, YC Sullivan, M Maguire, K Hook, IM Nugent, PE Howell, DA Arcavi, I Botyanszki, J Cenko, SB DeRose, J Fakhouri, HK Gal-Yam, A Hsiao, E Kulkarni, SR Laher, RR Lidman, C Nordin, J Walker, ES Xu, D AF Pan, Y. -C. Sullivan, M. Maguire, K. Hook, I. M. Nugent, P. E. Howell, D. A. Arcavi, I. Botyanszki, J. Cenko, S. B. DeRose, J. Fakhouri, H. K. Gal-Yam, A. Hsiao, E. Kulkarni, S. R. Laher, R. R. Lidman, C. Nordin, J. Walker, E. S. Xu, D. TI The host galaxies of Type Ia supernovae discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE supernovae: general; cosmology: observations; distance scale ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; ABSORPTION-LINE SPECTRA; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LEGACY SURVEY; DARK-ENERGY; CIRCUMSTELLAR MATERIAL; LIGHT CURVES AB We present spectroscopic observations of the host galaxies of 82 low-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory. We determine star formation rates, gas-phase/stellarmetallicities, and stellar masses and ages of these objects. As expected, strong correlations between the SN Ia light-curve width (stretch) and the host age/mass/metallicity are found: fainter, faster declining events tend to be hosted by older/massive/metal-rich galaxies. There is some evidence that redder SNe Ia explode in higher metallicity galaxies, but we found no relation between the SN colour and host galaxy extinction based on the Balmer decrement, suggesting that the colour variation of these SNe does not primarily arise from this source. SNe Ia in higher mass/metallicity galaxies also appear brighter after stretch/colour corrections than their counterparts in lower mass hosts, and the stronger correlation is with gas-phase metallicity suggesting this may be the more important variable. We also compared the host stellar mass distribution to that in galaxy-targeted SN surveys and the high-redshift untargeted Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS). SNLS has many more low-mass galaxies, while the targeted searches have fewer. This can be explained by an evolution in the galaxy stellar mass function, coupled with an SN delay-time distribution proportional to t(-1). Finally, we found no significant difference in the mass-metallicity relation of our SN Ia hosts compared to field galaxies, suggesting any metallicity effect on the SN Ia rate is small. C1 [Pan, Y. -C.; Maguire, K.; Hook, I. M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys Astrophys, DWB, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Sullivan, M.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Hook, I. M.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Nugent, P. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nugent, P. E.; Botyanszki, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Howell, D. A.] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope Network, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Howell, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Arcavi, I.; Gal-Yam, A.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys & Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Botyanszki, J.; DeRose, J.; Fakhouri, H. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cenko, S. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cenko, S. B.] Univ Maryland, Joint Space Sci Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fakhouri, H. K.; Nordin, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hsiao, E.] Las Campanas Observ, Carnegie Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Kulkarni, S. R.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA USA. [Laher, R. R.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lidman, C.] Australian Astron Observ, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia. [Nordin, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Walker, E. S.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Xu, D.] Univ Copenhagen, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RP Pan, YC (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys Astrophys, DWB, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. EM Yen-Chen.Pan@astro.ox.ac.uk OI Sullivan, Mark/0000-0001-9053-4820; Hook, Isobel/0000-0002-2960-978X FU Royal Society; EU; ERC; ISF; BSF; Minerva ARCHES award; Kimmel award; W.M. Keck Foundation FX MS acknowledges support from the Royal Society. AG acknowledges support from the EU/FP7 via and ERC grant, funding from the ISF and BSF, and the Minerva ARCHES and Kimmel awards.; Based on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao (Brazil) and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Productiva (Argentina). Based on Gemini progammes GN-2010B-Q-111, GS-2010B-Q-82, GN-2011A-Q-82, GN-2011B-Q-108, GN-2012A-Q-91, GS-2012A-Q3, GN-2012B-Q-122 and GS-2012B-Q-83 for the host galaxy observations, and GN-2010A-Q-20, GN-2010B-Q-13, GN-2011A-Q-16 and GS-2009B-Q-11 for the SN observations. The William Herschel Telescope is operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. Observations obtained with the Samuel Oschin Telescope at the Palomar Observatory as part of the PTF project, a scientific collaboration between the California Institute of Technology, Columbia University, Las Cumbres Observatory, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, the University of Oxford and the Weizmann Institute of Science. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W.M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. Based on observations collected at the European Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern hemisphere, Chile, under programme IDs 084.A-0149 and 085.A-0777. Observations obtained with the SuperNova Integral Field Spectrograph on the University of Hawaii 2.2m telescope as part of the Nearby Supernova Factory II project, a scientific collaboration between the Centre de Recherche Astronomique de Lyon, Institut de Physique Nucl'eaire de Lyon, Laboratoire de Physique Nucl'eaire et des Hautes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Yale University, University of Bonn, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics and Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 116 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 438 IS 2 BP 1391 EP 1416 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt2287 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AA2WW UT WOS:000330955900037 ER PT J AU Monna, A Seitz, S Greisel, N Eichner, T Drory, N Postman, M Zitrin, A Coe, D Halkola, A Suyu, SH Grillo, C Rosati, P Lemze, D Balestra, I Snigula, J Bradley, L Umetsu, K Koekemoer, A Kuchner, U Moustakas, L Bartelmann, M Benitez, N Bouwens, R Broadhurst, T Donahue, M Ford, H Host, O Infante, L Jimenez-Teja, Y Jouvel, S Kelson, D Lahav, O Medezinski, E Melchior, P Meneghetti, M Merten, J Molino, A Moustakas, J Nonino, M Zheng, W AF Monna, A. Seitz, S. Greisel, N. Eichner, T. Drory, N. Postman, M. Zitrin, A. Coe, D. Halkola, A. Suyu, S. H. Grillo, C. Rosati, P. Lemze, D. Balestra, I. Snigula, J. Bradley, L. Umetsu, K. Koekemoer, A. Kuchner, U. Moustakas, L. Bartelmann, M. Benitez, N. Bouwens, R. Broadhurst, T. Donahue, M. Ford, H. Host, O. Infante, L. Jimenez-Teja, Y. Jouvel, S. Kelson, D. Lahav, O. Medezinski, E. Melchior, P. Meneghetti, M. Merten, J. Molino, A. Moustakas, J. Nonino, M. Zheng, W. TI CLASH: z similar to 6 young galaxy candidate quintuply lensed by the frontier field cluster RXC J2248.7-4431 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing: strong; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: high-redshift ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; LINE-OF-SIGHT; LENSING ANALYSIS; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; DARK-MATTER; SPECTROSCOPIC CONFIRMATION; STELLAR CONTINUA; LEGACY SURVEY AB We present a quintuply lensed z similar to 6 candidate discovered in the field of the galaxy cluster RXC J2248.7-4431 (z similar to 0.348) targeted within the Cluster Lensing and Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) and selected in the deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) frontier fields survey. Thanks to the CLASH 16-band HST imaging, we identify the quintuply lensed z similar to 6 candidate as an optical dropout in the inner region of the cluster, the brightest image having mag(AB) = 24.8 +/- 0.1 in the f105w filter. We perform a detailed photometric analysis to verify its high-z and lensed nature. We get as photometric redshift z(ph) similar to 5.9, and given the extended nature and NIR colours of the lensed images, we rule out low-z early-type and galactic star contaminants. We perform a strong lensing analysis of the cluster, using 13 families of multiple lensed images identified in the HST images. Our final best model predicts the high-z quintuply lensed system with a position accuracy of 0.8 arcsec. The magnifications of the five images are between 2.2 and 8.3, which leads to a delensed UV luminosity of L-1600 similar to 0.5L(1600)* at z=6. We also estimate the UV slope from the observed NIR colours, finding a steep beta = -2.89 +/- 0.38. We use singular and composite stellar population SEDs to fit the photometry of the high-z candidate, and we conclude that it is a young (age <300 Myr) galaxy with mass of M similar to 10(8) M-circle dot, subsolar metallicity (Z < 0.2 Z(circle dot)) and low dust content (A(V) similar to 0.2-0.4). C1 [Monna, A.; Seitz, S.; Greisel, N.; Eichner, T.; Snigula, J.] Univ Observ Munich, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Monna, A.; Seitz, S.; Greisel, N.; Eichner, T.; Drory, N.; Balestra, I.; Snigula, J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Drory, N.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Postman, M.; Coe, D.; Bradley, L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21208 USA. [Zitrin, A.; Koekemoer, A.; Bartelmann, M.] ZAH, Inst Theoret Astrophys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Zitrin, A.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Halkola, A.; Umetsu, K.] Med Univ Lubeck, Inst Med Engn, D-23562 Lubeck, Germany. [Suyu, S. H.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Grillo, C.; Host, O.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Rosati, P.; Lemze, D.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Lemze, D.; Ford, H.; Medezinski, E.; Zheng, W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kuchner, U.] Univ Vienna, Dept Astrophys, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Moustakas, L.; Merten, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Benitez, N.; Jimenez-Teja, Y.; Molino, A.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Bouwens, R.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Broadhurst, T.] Univ Basque Country, Dept Theoret Phys, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain. [Donahue, M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Infante, L.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astronoia & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Jouvel, S.; Lahav, O.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Jouvel, S.] CSIC, Inst Cincies Espai IEEC, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. [Kelson, D.] Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Melchior, P.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Meneghetti, M.] Astron Observ Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Moustakas, J.] Siena Coll, Loudonville, NY 12211 USA. [Nonino, M.] Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-40131 Trieste, Italy. RP Monna, A (reprint author), Univ Observ Munich, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany. EM anna.monna@gmail.com RI Molino Benito, Alberto/F-5298-2014; Jimenez-Teja, Yolanda/D-5933-2011; Grillo, Claudio/E-6223-2015; Meneghetti, Massimo/O-8139-2015; OI Grillo, Claudio/0000-0002-5926-7143; Meneghetti, Massimo/0000-0003-1225-7084; Nonino, Mario/0000-0001-6342-9662; Balestra, Italo/0000-0001-9660-894X; Umetsu, Keiichi/0000-0002-7196-4822; Moustakas, Leonidas/0000-0003-3030-2360; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048; Benitez, Narciso/0000-0002-0403-7455 FU Transregional Collaborative Research Centre TRR 33 - The Dark Universe; DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe'; CLASH Multi-Cycle Treasury Program [GO-12065]; NASA [NAS 5-26555]; DNRF; NASA through Hubble Fellowship [HST-HF-51334.01-A]; STScI; 'Internationale Spitzenforschung II/2-6' of the Baden Wurttemberg Stiftung FX This work is supported by the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre TRR 33 - The Dark Universe and the DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe'. The CLASH Multi-Cycle Treasury Program (GO-12065) is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA HST. The Space Telescope Science Institute is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The Dark Cosmology Centre is funded by the DNRF. Support for AZ is provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF-51334.01-A awarded by STScI. He was also partly supported by contract research 'Internationale Spitzenforschung II/2-6' of the Baden Wurttemberg Stiftung. NR 58 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 438 IS 2 BP 1417 EP 1434 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt2284 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AA2WW UT WOS:000330955900038 ER PT J AU Brady, AL Laval, B Lim, DSS Slater, GF AF Brady, Allyson L. Laval, Bernard Lim, Darlene S. S. Slater, Greg F. TI Autotrophic and heterotrophic associated biosignatures in modern freshwater microbialites over seasonal and spatial gradients SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MODERN MARINE STROMATOLITES; CARBON ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION; LITHIFIED MICRITIC LAMINAE; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; PAVILION LAKE; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CUATRO CIENEGAS AB Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and isotopic biosignatures associated with autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial processes in freshwater microbialites exposed to seasonal and spatial gradients in Pavilion Lake, British Columbia were investigated. The PLFA biosignature profiles of the microbialite associated microbial communities were dominated by saturated and monoenoic PLFAs and showed no resolvable response to variation in light or temperature down to a water depth of 33 m and across seasons. Microbialite mean delta C-13(org) values (-26.0 +/- 3.8 parts per thousand) and Delta delta C-13(DIC-org) discrimination of ca. 25 parts per thousand supported non-CO2 limited photosynthesis. More abundant and C-13-depleted PLFAs (Delta delta C-13 7-14 parts per thousand vs. bulk organic matter) were indicative of autotrophic microbes. Less abundant and C-13-depleted PLFAs (Delta delta C-13 3-4%) were indicative of heterotrophic organisms, particularly branched (iso/anteiso15: 0 and 10me16: 0) PLFAs. Dark coloured microbialites from the bottom of the lake (below 46 m water depth) had comparatively low biomass and a higher proportion of branched PLFAs, including biomarkers for sulfate reducing bacteria. Bulk delta C-13(carb) values of microbialite carbonate at 6 and 11 m water depth were up to ca. 2 parts per thousand more C-13 enriched than the value predicted for precipitation from ambient dissolved inorganic carbon and had increased biomass in summer, indicating a preserved biosignature of photosynthetic activity. Other delta C-13(carb) values were generally within the range predicted for equilibrium precipitation. Estimated precipitation temperature values from delta O-18(carb) were consistent with measured late summer water values. While both autotrophic and heterotrophic processes occurred at all depths, preservation of an enriched C-13 biosignature was only detected at shallow depths where photosynthetic activity and biomass production were relatively high. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brady, Allyson L.; Slater, Greg F.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. [Laval, Bernard] Univ British Columbia, Dept Civil Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Lim, Darlene S. S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lim, Darlene S. S.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Slater, GF (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. EM gslater@mcmaster.ca RI Laval, Bernard/J-9861-2012 FU NSERC Discovery Grant; Canadian Space Agency 'Canadian Analogue Research Network' program; NSERC Postgraduate Scholarship FX Thanks go to the members of the Pavilion Lake Research Project (PLRP). Infrastructure support for field research was provided by a Canadian Space Agency (CSA) Canadian Analogue Research Network (CARN) PLRP contract. Infrastructure and science support was also provided by the NASA MMAMA, DIO Analogs and ASTEP programs. Additional funding was provided by a NSERC Discovery Grant to G.F.S. and the Canadian Space Agency 'Canadian Analogue Research Network' program, with partial support from an NSERC Postgraduate Scholarship to A.L.B. Funding sources did not play a role in study design and collection, analysis and interpretation of data, and writing the report, or in the decision to submit the article for publication. Thanks go also to J. Kirby, J. Hansen, M. Knyf and members of the Environmental Organic Geochemistry Laboratory at McMaster University for valuable lab assistance. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This is PLRP contribution # 13-05. NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 67 BP 8 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.11.013 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 302AN UT WOS:000330573700002 ER PT J AU Fontenot, RS Hollerman, WA Bhat, KN Aggarwal, MD Penn, BG AF Fontenot, Ross S. Hollerman, William A. Bhat, Kamala N. Aggarwal, Mohan D. Penn, Benjamin G. TI Incorporating strongly triboluminescent europium dibenzoylmethide triethylammonium into simple polymers SO POLYMER JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE EuD(4)TEA; europium dibenzoylmethide triethylammonium; europium tetrakis; impact sensors; mechanoluminescence; polymers; triboluminescence ID DAMAGE SENSORS; EMISSION; YIELD; LIGHT; TETRAKIS; STRESS AB As mankind continues to extend technological boundaries, sensors must be improved in order to keep pace. The current problem that engineers and scientists face is how to actively monitor structures for damage. One possible method is to embed a triboluminescent material into a composite structure. Nearby sensors would monitor these structures for structural failure or impacts. This paper reports on recently completed research that incorporated the strongly triboluminescent europium dibenzoylmethide triethylammonium (europium tetrakis) into a selection of polymers, such as poly(methyl methacrylate). Additional work was completed to determine if europium tetrakis could be mixed with Cytoseal 60 and 280 to form a durable triboluminescent polymer for small-area sensors. Using a custom-built drop tower, the triboluminescent light yield and decay times was measured for the newly created triboluminescent polymers. C1 [Fontenot, Ross S.; Bhat, Kamala N.; Aggarwal, Mohan D.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Math, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Hollerman, William A.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Phys, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Penn, Benjamin G.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, EM Mat Test Branch 10, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Fontenot, RS (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Math, POB 1268, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM rsfontenot@hotmail.com FU NASA Alabama Space Grant Consortium [NNX10AJ80H]; NSF-RISE [HRD 0927644]; UNCF special programs corporation for the NASA Science and Technology Institute (NSTI) research cluster project FX This research was funded in part by NASA Alabama Space Grant Consortium fellowship under Training Grant NNX10AJ80H, NSF-RISE Project HRD 0927644, and other grants from the State of Louisiana and Federal agencies. One of the authors (MDA) thanks UNCF special programs corporation for the NASA Science and Technology Institute (NSTI) research cluster project for their support. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 31 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0032-3896 EI 1349-0540 J9 POLYM J JI Polym. J. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 46 IS 2 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1038/pj.2013.78 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AA4RD UT WOS:000331082800004 ER PT J AU Buehlmeier, J Mulder, E Noppe, A Frings-Meuthen, P Angerer, O Rudwill, F Biolo, G Smith, SM Blanc, S Heer, M AF Buehlmeier, Judith Mulder, Edwin Noppe, Alexandra Frings-Meuthen, Petra Angerer, Oliver Rudwill, Floriane Biolo, Gianni Smith, Scott M. Blanc, Stephane Heer, Martina TI A combination of whey protein and potassium bicarbonate supplements during head-down-tilt bed rest: Presentation of a multidisciplinary randomized controlled trial (MEP study) SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Immobilization; Space flight analog; Nutrition; Countermeasure; Standardization; Physical activity ID ACID-BASE-BALANCE; VITAMIN-D; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; DIETARY-PROTEIN; BONE-RESORPTION; SPACE-FLIGHT; YOUNG MEN; WOMEN; CONSUMPTION; PREVENTION AB Inactivity, as it appears during space flight and in bed rest, induces reduction of lean body and bone mass, glucose intolerance, and weakening of the cardiovascular system. Increased protein intake, whey protein in particular, has been proposed to counteract some of these effects, but has also been associated with negative effects on bone, likely caused by a correspondingly high ratio of acid to alkali precursors in the diet. The main hypothesis of the presented cross-over study (MEP study) was that supplementing high protein intake (1.2 g/kg body weight/d plus 0.6 g/kg body weight/d whey protein) with alkaline salts (90 mmol potassium bicarbonate/d) will maintain lean body mass during bed rest without increasing bone resorption. A 21-day head-down-tilt bed rest study was performed to examine several physiological systems in a multidisciplinary approach. Ten healthy men (age: 31 +/- 6 years; body weight: 76.5 +/- 5.6 kg) were randomly assigned to the dietary countermeasure or isocaloric control first, one test subject randomized to the dietary countermeasure first dropped out after the first campaign. (C) 2013 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Buehlmeier, Judith; Mulder, Edwin; Noppe, Alexandra; Frings-Meuthen, Petra] German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Aerosp Med, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. [Buehlmeier, Judith; Heer, Martina] German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Aerosp Med, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. [Angerer, Oliver] HE Space ESA, NL-2201 DK Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Biolo, Gianni] Univ Trieste, Dept Med Sci, Clin Med AOUTS, I-34149 Trieste, Italien Trieste, Italy. [Smith, Scott M.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Human Hlth & Performance Directorate, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Blanc, Stephane] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Dept Ecol Physiol & Ethol, F-67087 Strasbourg, France. [Heer, Martina] Profit Neuss GmbH, D-41460 Neuss, Germany. RP Heer, M (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Dept Food & Nutr Sci, Endenicher 11-15, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. EM buehlm@uni-bonn.de; edwin.mulder@dlr.de; alexandra.noppe@dlr.de; petrafrings-meuthen@dlr.de; oliver.angerer@esa-external.com; floriane.rudwill@iphc.cnrs.ir; biolo@units.it; scott.m.smith@nasa.gov; stephane.blanc@iphc.cnrs.fr; martina.heer@profil.com OI BIOLO, GIANNI/0000-0002-6397-1598 FU European Space Agency; German Aerospace Center FX We thank the volunteers for their efforts to ensure the success of the study; the European Space Agency and the German Aerospace Center for funding of the study; the staff of the Institute of Aerospace Medicine for collaboration in conducting the study; B. Ganse and J. Rittweger for overseeing the medical care of the volunteers; J. Latsch and F. May for conducting the medical screening of the volunteers; the staff of the St. Elisabeth Hospital, Cologne, and the Hospital Porz am Rhein, Cologne, for their cooperation; H. Soli, P. Goerke, and H. Bonnist for providing psychological screening and support of the volunteers; H. J. Roth for analysis of vitamin D metabolites; and J. Krauhs for editorial review of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 EI 1879-2030 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD FEB-MAR PY 2014 VL 95 BP 82 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.11.001 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 300VT UT WOS:000330492800007 ER PT J AU Capo-Lugo, PA Rakoczy, J Sanders, D AF Capo-Lugo, Pedro A. Rakoczy, John Sanders, Devon TI The b-dot Earth average magnetic field SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Simplified average magnetic Field; Satellite magnetic control; b-Dot control ID ATTITUDE-CONTROL AB The average Earth's magnetic field has been solved with complex mathematical models based on mean square integral. Depending on the selection of the Earth magnetic model, the average Earth's magnetic field can have different solutions. This paper presents a new technique that takes advantage of the damping effects of the b-dot controller and is not dependent on the Earth magnetic model. This new technique combines the intuitive notions of classical control system analysis with simple mathematics, reducing the estimation of the average magnetic field to a simple inverse Laplace transform problem. Also the solution of this new technique can be implemented so easily that the flight software can be updated during flight, and the control system can have current gains for the magnetic torquers. Finally, this technique is verified and validated using flight data from a satellite that has been in orbit for 3 years. IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Capo-Lugo, Pedro A.; Rakoczy, John] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, EV41, Control Syst Design & Anal Branch, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Sanders, Devon] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, EV42, Guidance Nav & Miss Anal Branch, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Capo-Lugo, PA (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, EV41, Control Syst Design & Anal Branch, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM pedro.a.capo-lugo@nasa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 EI 1879-2030 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD FEB-MAR PY 2014 VL 95 BP 92 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.10.011 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 300VT UT WOS:000330492800008 ER PT J AU Bouyoucos, I Bushnell, P Brill, R AF Bouyoucos, Ian Bushnell, Peter Brill, Richard TI Potential for Electropositive Metal to Reduce the Interactions of Atlantic Sturgeon with Fishing Gear SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ampullae of Lorenzini; avoidance; bycatch; Chondrostean; electroreceptors; electric fields; endangered; lanthanide; swimming ID RARE-EARTH-METAL; UNITED-STATES; SPINY DOGFISH; BYCATCH; DETERRENT; MORTALITY AB Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) populations have been declared either endangered or threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Effective measures to repel sturgeon from fishing gear would be beneficial to both fish and fishers because they could reduce both fishery-associated mortality and the need for seasonal and area closures of specific fisheries. Some chondrostean fishes (e.g., sturgeons and paddlefishes) can detect weak electric field gradients (possibly as low as 5 Mv/cm) due to arrays of electroreceptors (ampullae of Lorenzini) on their snout and gill covers. Weak electric fields, such as those produced by electropositive metals (typically mixtures of the lanthanide elements), could therefore potentially be used as a deterrent. To test this idea, we recorded the behavioral responses of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (31-43 cm fork length) to electropositive metal (primarily a mixture of the lanthanide elements neodymium and praseodymium) both in the presence and absence of food stimuli. Trials were conducted in an approximately 2.5 m diameter x 0.3 m deep tank, and fish behaviors were recorded with an overhead digital video camera. Video records were subsequently digitized (x, y coordinate system), the distance between the fish and the electropositive metal calculated, and data summarized by compiling frequency distributions with 5-cm bins. Juvenile sturgeon showed clear avoidance of electropositive metal but only when food was present. On the basis of our results, we conclude that the electropositive metals, or other sources of weak electric fields, may eventually be used to reduce the interactions of Atlantic sturgeon with fishing gear, but further investigation is needed.El Potencial del Metal Electropositivo para Reducir las Interacciones del Esturion Atlantico con Instrumentos de Pesca Bouyoucos, Bushnell & Brill 13-003 C1 [Bouyoucos, Ian; Bushnell, Peter; Brill, Richard] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Bouyoucos, Ian] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bushnell, Peter] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, South Bend, IN 46634 USA. [Brill, Richard] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Brill, R (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM rbrill@vims.edu RI Bouyoucos, Ian/E-6392-2017 OI Bouyoucos, Ian/0000-0002-4267-1043 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 28 IS 1 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1111/cobi.12200 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 297OX UT WOS:000330265900028 PM 24372943 ER PT J AU Patzold, M Andert, TP Tyler, GL Asmar, SW Hausler, B Tellmann, S AF Paetzold, M. Andert, T. P. Tyler, G. L. Asmar, S. W. Haeusler, B. Tellmann, S. TI Phobos mass determination from the very close flyby of Mars Express in 2010 SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, satellites; Satellites, composition; Satellites, dynamics; Satellites, formation; Asteroids, composition ID ASTEROID 21 LUTETIA; MARTIAN SATELLITES; TRACKING; GRAVITY; SURFACE; MODEL AB The global geophysical parameters GM(Ph) = (0.7072 +/- 0.0013) x 10(-3) km(3) S-2, C-20, C-22 and the bulk density = (1862 +/- 30) kg/m(3) have been determined from the closest Mars Express flyby at the Mars moon Phobos on 3rd March 2010 at a distance of 77 km. The second degree gravity field of Phobos (C-20, C-22) could not be solved for at sufficient accuracy. The low bulk density suggests a high porosity and an inhomogeneous mass distribution but the large errors of C-20 and C-22 are still consistent with a homogeneous as well as an inhomogeneous mass distribution. The modeling of the moon's interior by a randomly selected mass distribution of given porosity and water ice content but constrained by the observed GM(Ph) and let a simulated C-20 decrease with increasing porosity and water ice content indicating an increasingly inhomogeneous mass distribution. The high porosity together with an inhomogeneous mass distribution would be evidence that Phobos accreted in orbit about Mars from a debris disk and is not a captured asteroid. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Paetzold, M.; Tellmann, S.] Univ Cologne, Abt Planetenforsch, Rhein Inst Umweltforsch, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. [Andert, T. P.; Haeusler, B.] Univ Bundeswehr Munchen, Inst Raumfahrttech & Weltraumnutzung, Neubiberg, Germany. [Tyler, G. L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Asmar, S. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Patzold, M (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Abt Planetenforsch, Rhein Inst Umweltforsch, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. EM Martin.Paetzold@uni-koeln.de FU Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) [50 QM 1004]; NASA FX This paper reflects work funded by the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) under contract 50 QM 1004 and a contract with NASA. Our investigation could not have been successful without the efforts of the ESA Mars Express Science Operations teams, the MEX Flight Control Team, and the ESA ESTRACK ground station crews. We particularly appreciate the support of the MEX Project Scientist O. Witasse (ESTEC) and the former and new MEX Mission Managers F. Jansen and P. Martin (ESTEC). The MaRS experiment benefitted greatly from the continued support of the NASA Deep Space Network, in particular during the Phobos flybys. It is a pleasure to thank T.W. Thompson, and P. Varanasi (JPL) for their efforts. We thank the NAIF group at JPL headed by Charles Acton for their support with the SPICE software package. MP thanks the Mars Express Flight Control Team and the ESA Communication Team who provided him an exciting flyby night at ESOC, Darmstadt. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2014 VL 229 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.10.021 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 297LS UT WOS:000330257500007 ER PT J AU Morgan, AM Howard, AD Hobley, DEJ Moore, JM Dietrich, WE Williams, RME Burr, DM Grant, JA Wilson, SA Matsubara, Y AF Morgan, A. M. Howard, A. D. Hobley, D. E. J. Moore, J. M. Dietrich, W. E. Williams, R. M. E. Burr, D. M. Grant, J. A. Wilson, S. A. Matsubara, Y. TI Sedimentology and climatic environment of alluvial fans in the martian Saheki crater and a comparison with terrestrial fans in the Atacama Desert SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Geological processes; Mars; Mars, surface ID TRANSVERSE AEOLIAN RIDGES; NORTHERN CHILE; MIDLATITUDE SNOWPACKS; EBERSWALDE CRATER; IMPACT CRATERS; GALE CRATER; MARS; EVOLUTION; TRANSPORT; DESICCATION AB The deflated surfaces of the alluvial fans in Saheki crater reveal the most detailed record of fan stratigraphy and evolution found, to date, on Mars. During deposition of at least the uppermost 100 m of fan deposits, discharges from the source basin consisted of channelized flows transporting sediment (which we infer to be primarily sand- and gravel-sized) as bedload coupled with extensive overbank mud-rich flows depositing planar beds of sand-sized or finer sediment. Flow events are inferred to have been of modest magnitude (probably less than similar to 60 m(3)/s), of short duration, and probably occupied only a few distributaries during any individual flow event. Occasional channel avulsions resulted in the distribution of sediment across the entire fan. A comparison with fine-grained alluvial fans in Chile's Atacama Desert provides insights into the processes responsible for constructing the Saheki crater fans: sediment is deposited by channelized flows (transporting sand through boulder-sized material) and overbank mudflows (sand size and finer) and wind erosion leaves channels expressed in inverted topographic relief. The most likely source of water was snowmelt released after annual or epochal accumulation of snow in the headwater source basin on the interior crater rim during the Hesperian to Amazonian periods. We infer the Saheki fans to have been constructed by many hundreds of separate flow events, and accumulation of the necessary snow and release of meltwater may have required favorable orbital configurations or transient global warming. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Morgan, A. M.; Howard, A. D.; Hobley, D. E. J.; Matsubara, Y.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Moore, J. M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Dietrich, W. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Williams, R. M. E.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Burr, D. M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Grant, J. A.; Wilson, S. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Morgan, AM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, POB 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM amm5sy@virginia.edu RI Hobley, Daniel/G-5627-2011; Howard, Andrew/D-4148-2015; OI Hobley, Daniel/0000-0003-2371-0534; Howard, Andrew/0000-0001-8638-0320; Morgan, Alexander/0000-0003-2443-1676; Howard, Alan/0000-0002-5423-1600 FU NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program (NASA) [NNX12AM73H]; NASA Ames [NNX08AE47A]; NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics [NNX08AM91G]; NASA Mars Data Analysis Program [NNX09AM02G]; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia FX This study was partially supported by the NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program (NASA grant NNX12AM73H), Cooperative Grant from NASA Ames (NNX08AE47A), NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics (NNX08AM91G), NASA Mars Data Analysis Program (NNX09AM02G), and by an award to Y. Matsubara by the Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia. NR 128 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2014 VL 229 BP 131 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.11.007 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 297LS UT WOS:000330257500011 ER PT J AU Fraeman, AA Murchie, SL Arvidson, RE Clark, RN Morris, RV Rivkin, AS Vilas, F AF Fraeman, A. A. Murchie, S. L. Arvidson, R. E. Clark, R. N. Morris, R. V. Rivkin, A. S. Vilas, F. TI Spectral absorptions on Phobos and Deimos in the visible/near infrared wavelengths and their compositional constraints SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, satellites; Spectroscopy; Satellites, composition ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MU-M; SURFACE; MOON; ASTEROIDS; HYDRATION; MINERALS; ORGANICS; BODIES; WATER AB Absorption features on Phobos and Deimos in the visible/near infrared wavelength region (0.4-3.9 mu m) are mapped using observations from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM). Fe2+ electronic absorptions diagnostic of olivine and pyroxene are not detected. A broad absorption centered around 0.65 mu m within the red spectral units of both moons is detected, and this feature is also evident in telescopic, Pathfinder, and Phobos-2 observations of Phobos. A 2.8 mu m metal-OH combination absorption on both moons is also detected in the CRISM data, and this absorption is shallower in the Phobos blue unit than in the Phobos red unit and Deimos. The strength, position, and shape of both of the 0.65 mu m and 2.8 mu m absorptions are similar to features seen on red-sloped, low-albedo primitive asteroids. Two end-member hypotheses are presented to explain the spectral features on Phobos and Deimos. The first invokes the presence of highly desiccated Fe-phyllosilicate minerals indigenous to the bodies, and the second invokes Rayleigh scattering and absorption of small iron particles formed by exogenic space weathering processing, coupled with implantation of H from solar wind. Both endmember hypotheses may play a role, and in situ exploration will be needed to ultimately determine the underlying causes for the pair of spectral features observed on Phobos and Deimos. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fraeman, A. A.; Arvidson, R. E.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Murchie, S. L.; Rivkin, A. S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Morris, R. V.] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Vilas, F.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Fraeman, AA (reprint author), Washington Univ, 1 Brookings Dr,Campus Box 1169, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM afraeman@wustl.edu RI Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Rivkin, Andrew/B-7744-2016 OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Rivkin, Andrew/0000-0002-9939-9976 FU NASA/JHUAPL; Mr. and Mrs. Spencer T. Olin Fellowship FX We thank NASA/JHUAPL for support on this work and the engineers and scientists associated with the CRISM operations center. This manuscript was improved based on insightful comments from E. Cloutis and one anonymous reviewer. We also acknowledge R. Binzel and C. Hergenrother for their assistance in collecting the Phobos telescopic spectra, and E. Howell for sharing her table of asteroids with features near 0.7 and 3.0 mu m. AAF was funded by the Mr. and Mrs. Spencer T. Olin Fellowship for Women in Graduate Study. NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2014 VL 229 BP 196 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.11.021 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 297LS UT WOS:000330257500016 ER PT J AU O'Donoghue, J Stallard, TS Melin, H Cowley, SWH Badman, SV Moore, L Miller, S Tao, C Baines, KH Blake, JSD AF O'Donoghue, James Stallard, Tom S. Melin, Henrik Cowley, Stan W. H. Badman, Sarah V. Moore, Luke Miller, Steve Tao, Chihiro Baines, Kevin H. Blake, James S. D. TI Conjugate observations of Saturn's northern and southern H-3(+) aurorae SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Saturn; Aurorae; Magnetosphere; Ionosphere; Aeronomy ID IONOSPHERE COUPLING CURRENTS; GIANT PLANET ATMOSPHERES; POLAR IONOSPHERE; ENERGY INPUTS; MAGNETOSPHERE; JUPITER; CASSINI; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; EMISSION AB We present an analysis of recent high spatial and spectral resolution ground-based infrared observations of HI obtained with the 10-m Keck II telescope in April 2011. We observed H-3' emission from Saturn's northern and southern auroral regions, simultaneously, over the course of more than 2 h, obtaining spectral images along the central meridian as Saturn rotated. Previous ground-based work has derived only an average temperature of an individual polar region, summing an entire night of observations. Here we analyse 20 H-3(+) spectra, 10 for each hemisphere, providing H-3(+) temperature, column density and total emission in both the northern and southern polar regions simultaneously, improving on past results in temporal cadence and simultaneity. We find that: (1) the average thermospheric temperatures are 527 18 K in northern Spring and 583 +/- 13 K in southern Autumn, respectively; (2) this asymmetry in temperature is likely to be the result of an inversely proportional relationship between the total thermospheric heating rate Uoule heating and ion drag) and magnetic field strength - i.e. the larger northern field strength leads to reduced total heating rate and a reduced temperature, irrespective of season, and (3) this implies that thermospheric heating and temperatures are relatively insensitive to seasonal effects. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Donoghue, James; Stallard, Tom S.; Melin, Henrik; Cowley, Stan W. H.; Badman, Sarah V.; Blake, James S. D.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Miller, Steve] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Atmospher Phys Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Baines, Kevin H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Moore, Luke] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Tao, Chihiro] Ecole Polytech, Lab Phys Plasmas, F-94100 St Maur Des Fosses, France. RP O'Donoghue, J (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM jod3@ion.le.ac.uk OI Stallard, Tom/0000-0003-3990-670X FU Royal Astronomical Society Research Fellowship; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) FX The data presented herein were obtained at the W.M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and NASA. The observations were made to support the Cassini auroral campaign in April 2011. Discussions within the international team lead by Tom Stallard on 'Comparative Jovian Aeronomy' have greatly benefited this work, this was hosted by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI). We would like to thank Marina Galand for modelling assistance and related discussions. The UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) supported this work through the PhD Studentship of J.O'D. and consolidated grant support for T.S.S., S.W.H.C. and H.M. whilst S.V.B. was supported by a Royal Astronomical Society Research Fellowship. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2014 VL 229 BP 214 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.11.009 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 297LS UT WOS:000330257500018 ER PT J AU Farnocchia, D Chesley, SR AF Farnocchia, D. Chesley, S. R. TI Assessment of the 2880 impact threat from Asteroid (29075) 1950 DA SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroids, dynamics; Celestial mechanics; Near-Earth objects; Orbit determination ID NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS; YARKOVSKY; MAGNITUDE; OBJECTS; ORBITS; FORCES AB In this paper we perform an assessment of the 2880 Earth impact risk for Asteroid (29075) 1950 DA. To obtain reliable predictions we analyze the contribution of the observational dataset and the astrometric treatment, the numerical error in the long-term integration, and the different accelerations acting on the asteroid. The main source of uncertainty is the Yarkovsky effect, which we statistically model starting from 1950 DA's available physical characterization, astrometry, and dynamical properties. Before the release of 2012 radar data, this modeling suggests that 1950 DA has 99% likelihood of being a retrograde rotator. By using a 7-dimensional Monte Carlo sampling we map 1950 DA's uncertainty region to the 2880 close approach b-plane and find a 5 x 10(-4) impact probability. With the recently released 2012 radar observations, the direct rotation is definitely ruled out and the impact probability decreases to 2.5 x 10(-4). (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Farnocchia, D.; Chesley, S. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Farnocchia, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Davide.Farnocchia@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA FX D.F. was supported for this research by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2014 VL 229 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.09.022 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 297LS UT WOS:000330257500026 ER PT J AU Howell, RR Landis, CE Lopes, RMC AF Howell, Robert R. Landis, Claire E. Lopes, Rosaly M. C. TI Composition and location of volatiles at Loki Patera, Io SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Io; Volcanism; Jupiter, satellites; Geological processes; Satellites, surfaces; Satellites, composition ID THERMAL EMISSION; GALILEO NIMS; VOLCANIC ACTIVITY; GLOBAL COLOR; LAVA LAKES; TEMPERATURE; PROMETHEUS; MECHANISM; VOYAGER-1; INSIGHTS AB Volatiles play a critical role in determining the nature of volcanic activity on Earth, but their role in the volcanism on Io is less clear. To help determine that role we analyze Voyager and Galileo images of Loki Patera. Loki is the largest caldera in the Solar System and Io's most powerful volcano, however its eruptive behavior is still not understood. It appears to be relatively volatile poor, in comparison to other sites like Pele where volatiles drive a 350 km high plume. A resurfacing wave, either from spreading flows or from foundering of a lava lake crust, periodically sweeps around Loki Patera. Photometry from Voyager I and II violet and blue images shows that most of the features in and around Loki have colors well matched by macroscopic mixing of sulfur and basalt. The dark western portion of the patera has the color of bare basalt. Assuming such a macroscopic sulfur-basalt mix, in the Voyager I images most of the rest of the patera appears to be covered with a background of 13-38% sulfur. We infer this background sulfur was deposited from the nearby plume observed by Voyager I and II. The surface of the patera is also dotted by numerous small bright areas which have colloquially been called "bergs". We find that they are also composed of sulfur, with coverage ranging up to 100%. Darker regions adjacent to the patera, such as the "southwest overflow", are a mixture of intermediate amounts of sulfur and basalt. The "bathtub ring" at the edge of the overflow is again roughly 100% sulfur, perhaps with significant amounts of SO2 included. Colors seen during the Voyager II flyby are also consistent with this general pattern, but most of the patera has a sulfur abundance higher than that seen in Voyager I, while the then-dark southern portion is again close to the reflectance of bare basalt. We have also analyzed the spatial distribution of the bergs. They clearly avoid the inner and outer margins of the patera, and they also avoid each other. While a simple explanation of the above patterns could be that the bergs are fumarolic sulfur deposited on a periodically resurfaced lava lake crust, other observations seem inconsistent with that simple model. Careful comparison of Voyager I and Galileo data shows that the largest bergs in the southern patera have survived the intervening 22 years. This requires that at least those larger bergs represent some more permanent feature, perhaps higher standing kipuka, which avoid inundation by the lava resurfacing wave. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Howell, Robert R.; Landis, Claire E.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Lopes, Rosaly M. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Howell, RR (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM rhowell@uwyo.edu; claire.landis@gmail.com; Rosaly.M.Lopes@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 FU NASA Jupiter Data Analysis Program [NNX09AE06G]; Geology & Geophysics Dept. at the University of Wyoming FX This work was supported by NASA Jupiter Data Analysis Program Grant NNX09AE06G. Part of this work was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. During summer and fall 2012 R. Howell was on sabbatical at JPL. Much of the work by C. Landis forms part of her Master's thesis, supported in part by the Geology & Geophysics Dept. at the University of Wyoming. We acknowledge the help of the ISIS staff at the USGS, Flagstaff. We also acknowledge the many contributors to the following open source software packages we have used: Python, NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, and QGIS. Finally, we thank the reviewers John Spencer and Christopher Hamilton, whose comments have helped substantially improve this paper. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2014 VL 229 BP 328 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.11.016 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 297LS UT WOS:000330257500027 ER PT J AU Kuchynka, P Folkner, WM Konopliv, AS Parker, TJ Le Maistre, S Dehant, V AF Kuchynka, Petr Folkner, William M. Konopliv, Alex S. Parker, Timothy J. Le Maistre, Sebastien Dehant, Veronique TI New constraints on Mars rotation determined from radiometric tracking of the Opportunity Mars Exploration Rover SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Rotational dynamics; Mars, interior; Mars, polar caps ID PATHFINDER; PHOBOS; MASSES; SYSTEM; LANDER AB The Opportunity Mars Exploration Rover remained stationary between January and May 2012 in order to conserve solar energy for running its survival heaters during martian winter. While stationary, extra Doppler tracking was performed in order to allow an improved estimate of the martian precession rate. In this study, we determine Mars rotation by combining the new Opportunity tracking data with historic tracking data from the Viking and Pathfinder landers and tracking data from Mars orbiters (Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter). The estimated rotation parameters are stable in cross-validation tests and compare well with previously published values. In particular, the Mars precession rate is estimated to be -7606.1 +/- 3.5 mas/yr. A representation of Mars rotation as a series expansion based on the determined rotation parameters is provided. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kuchynka, Petr; Folkner, William M.; Konopliv, Alex S.; Parker, Timothy J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Le Maistre, Sebastien; Dehant, Veronique] Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. RP Kuchynka, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kuchynka@alumni.caltech.edu FU NASA; Belgian PRODEX program FX We thank the MER operations team for arranging the Doppler observations and we thank Paolo Bellutta for his help in estimating the cartographic coordinates of Opportunity. We also thank the referees of the paper for their insightful comments. This research has made use of the USGS Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectometers (ISIS). The research carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The work carried out at the Royal Observatory of Belgium was financially supported by the Belgian PRODEX program managed by the European Space Agency in collaboration with the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2014 VL 229 BP 340 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.11.015 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 297LS UT WOS:000330257500028 ER PT J AU Polichtchouk, I Watkins, JYKCA Watkins, C Thrastarson, HT Umurhan, OM Juaarez, MDLT AF Polichtchouk, I. Watkins, J. Y-K. Cho A. Watkins, C. Thrastarson, H. Th. Umurhan, O. M. Juarez, M. de la Torre TI Intercomparison of general circulation models for hot extrasolar planets SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Extra-solar planets; Atmospheres, dynamics; Meteorology ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY; GIANT PLANETS; DYNAMICAL CORES; NEPTUNE GJ436B; HD 209458B; SIMULATIONS; JUPITERS; EQUATIONS AB We compare five general circulation models (GCMs) which have been recently used to study hot extrasolar planet atmospheres (BOB, CAM, IGCM, MITgcm, and PEQMOD), under three test cases useful for assessing model convergence and accuracy. Such a broad, detailed intercomparison has not been performed thus far for extrasolar planets study. The models considered all solve the traditional primitive equations, but employ different numerical algorithms or grids (e.g., pseudospectral and finite volume, with the latter separately in longitude-latitude and 'cubed-sphere' grids). The test cases are chosen to cleanly address specific aspects of the behaviors typically reported in hot extrasolar planet simulations: (I) steady-state, (2) nonlinearly evolving baroclinic wave, and (3) response to fast timescale thermal relaxation. When initialized with a steady jet, all models maintain the steadiness, as they should except MITgcm in cubed-sphere grid. A very good agreement is obtained for a baroclinic wave evolving from an initial instability in pseudospectral models (only). However, exact numerical convergence is still not achieved across the pseudospectral models: amplitudes and phases are observably different. When subject to a typical 'hot-Jupiter'-like forcing, all five models show quantitatively different behavior although qualitatively similar, time-variable, quadrupole-dominated flows are produced. Hence, as have been advocated in several past studies, specific quantitative predictions (such as the location of large vortices and hot regions) by GCMs should be viewed with caution. Overall, in the tests considered here, pseudospectral models in pressure coordinate (PEBOB and PEQMOD) perform the best and MITgcm in cubed-sphere grid performs the worst. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Watkins, J. Y-K. Cho A.; Watkins, C.; Thrastarson, H. Th.; Umurhan, O. M.] Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Phys & Astron, London E1 4NS, England. [Thrastarson, H. Th.; Juarez, M. de la Torre] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Umurhan, O. M.] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. RP Polichtchouk, I (reprint author), Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Phys & Astron, London E1 4NS, England. EM i.polichtchouk@qmul.ac.uk FU Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); STFC [PP/E001858/1]; Westfield Small Grant (WSG); National Science Foundation [PHYS-1066293]; NASA FX The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments, which improved this manuscript. This work has been supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) research studentships to I.P. and C.W., STFC grant PP/E001858/1 and Westfield Small Grant (WSG) to J.Y.-K.C. H.T.T was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. H.T.T. was also supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHYS-1066293 and the hospitality of the Aspen Center for Physics. O.M.U. and M.T.J. acknowledge support from STFC and WSG, respectively. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2014 VL 229 BP 355 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.11.027 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 297LS UT WOS:000330257500030 ER PT J AU Zahnle, KJ Korycansky, DG Nixon, CA AF Zahnle, Kevin J. Korycansky, Donald G. Nixon, Conor A. TI Transient climate effects of large impacts on Titan SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Titan, hydrology; Titan, atmosphere; Impact processes ID OUTER SOLAR-SYSTEM; CLATHRATE HYDRATE; EARLY EARTH; SURFACE ORGANICS; ASTEROID IMPACTS; NOBLE-GASES; EARLY MARS; ICE; ATMOSPHERE; METHANE AB Titan's thick atmosphere and volatile-rich surface cause it to respond to big impacts in a somewhat Earth-like manner. Here we construct a simple globally-averaged model that tracks the flow of energy through the environment in the weeks, years, and millenia after a big comet strikes Titan. The model Titan is endowed with 1.4 bars of N-2 and 0.07 bars of CH4, methane lakes, a water ice crust, and enough methane underground to saturate the regolith to the surface. We find that a nominal Menrva impact is big enough to raise the surface temperature by similar to 80 K and to double the amount of methane in the atmosphere. The extra methane drizzles out of the atmosphere over hundreds of years. An upper-limit Menrva is just big enough to raise the surface to water's melting point. The putative Hotei impact (a possible 800-1200 km diameter basin, Soderblom et al., 2009) is big enough to raise the surface temperature to 350-400 K. Water rain must fall and global meltwaters might range between 50 m to more than a kilometer deep, depending on the size of the event and how rapidly bedrock ice warms and founders. Global meltwater oceans do not last more than a few decades or centuries at most, but are interesting to consider given Titan's organic wealth. Significant near-surface clathrate formation is possible as Titan cools but faces major kinetic barriers. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Zahnle, Kevin J.] NASA, Div Space Sci, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Korycansky, Donald G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, CODEP, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Nixon, Conor A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zahnle, KJ (reprint author), NASA, Div Space Sci, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Kevin.J.Zahnle@NASA.gov; dkorycan@ucsc.edu; conor.a.nixon@nasa.gov RI Nixon, Conor/A-8531-2009 OI Nixon, Conor/0000-0001-9540-9121 FU NASA Cassini Data Analysis Program; NASA Outer Planets Research Program FX The authors thank the NASA Cassini Data Analysis Program and the NASA Outer Planets Research Program for support of this work. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2014 VL 229 BP 378 EP 391 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.11.006 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 297LS UT WOS:000330257500031 ER PT J AU Benecchi, SD Noll, KS Thirouin, A Ryan, E Grundy, WM Verbiscer, A Doressoundiram, A Hestroffer, D Beaton, R Rabinowitz, D Chanover, N AF Benecchi, S. D. Noll, K. S. Thirouin, A. Ryan, E. Grundy, W. M. Verbiscer, A. Doressoundiram, A. Hestroffer, D. Beaton, R. Rabinowitz, D. Chanover, N. TI The UT 7/8 February 2013 Sila-Nunam mutual event 82 future predictions SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Satellites, composition; Kuiper Belt; Satellites of asteroids; Photometry ID TRANSNEPTUNIAN BINARIES; ORBITS; SYSTEM; CHARON; PLUTO AB A superior mutual event of the Kuiper Belt binary system (79360) Sila-Nunam was observed over 15.47 h on UT 7/8 February 2013 by a coordinated effort at four different telescope facilities; it started similar to 1.5 h earlier than anticipated, the duration was similar to 9.5 h (about 10% longer than predicted), and was slightly less deep than predicted. It is the first full event observed for a comparably sized binary Kuiper Belt object. We provide predictions for future events refined by this and other partial mutual event observations obtained since the mutual event season began. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Benecchi, S. D.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Benecchi, S. D.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Noll, K. S.; Ryan, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Thirouin, A.] CSIC, IAA, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Grundy, W. M.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Verbiscer, A.; Beaton, R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Doressoundiram, A.] Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Hestroffer, D.] Observ Paris, IMCCE, F-74014 Paris, France. [Rabinowitz, D.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Chanover, N.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Benecchi, SD (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 East Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM susank@psi.edu FU Spanish MICINN/MEC project [AYA2008-06202-C03-01]; Carnegie Fellowship at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism; NASA Planetary Astronomy Grant [NNX09AC99G]; NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center; NSF Planetary Astronomy Grant [AST-1109872] FX This paper includes data gathered with the 100" Irenee du Pont telescope located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile operated by the Carnegie Institution of Washington. We wish to thank telescope operator Sergio Castellon and telescope support staff Oscar Duhalde. We also thank Mark Phillips for making the Sloan r' filter available for us. At the IRTF instrument support was provided by SJ. Bus, and operations support was provided by Eric Volquardsen. Some of these observations were obtained with the Apache Point Observatory 3.5-m telescope, which is owned and operated by the Astrophysical Research Consortium. Other data were collected with the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope (VATT): the Alice P. Lennon Telescope and the Thomas J. Bannan Astrophysics Facility. We are also grateful to the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo staff. The Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) is operated by the FundaciOn Galileo Galilei of the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) on the island of La Palma in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. A. Thirouin was supported by AYA2008-06202-C03-01 which is a Spanish MICINN/MEC project. S. Benecchi was supported through a Carnegie Fellowship at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. A. Verbiscer acknowledges support from NASA Planetary Astronomy Grant NNX09AC99G. E. Ryan acknowledges support from the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by the Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. W. Grundy gratefully acknowledges support from NSF Planetary Astronomy Grant AST-1109872. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2014 VL 229 BP 423 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.10.034 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 297LS UT WOS:000330257500036 ER PT J AU Bunderson, L Van de Water, P Luvall, J Levetin, E AF Bunderson, Landon Van de Water, Peter Luvall, Jeffrey Levetin, Estelle TI Influence Of Meteorological Conditions On Mountain Cedar Pollen SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology (AAAAI) CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol C1 [Bunderson, Landon] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Bunderson, Landon; Levetin, Estelle] Univ Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Van de Water, Peter] Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Luvall, Jeffrey] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 133 IS 2 SU S MA 64 BP AB17 EP AB17 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 297FO UT WOS:000330241300063 ER PT J AU Fearnbach, H Durban, JW Ellifrit, DK Waite, JM Matkin, CO Lunsford, CR Peterson, MJ Barlow, J Wade, PR AF Fearnbach, Holly Durban, John W. Ellifrit, David K. Waite, Janice M. Matkin, Craig O. Lunsford, Chris R. Peterson, Megan J. Barlow, Jay Wade, Paul R. TI Spatial and social connectivity of fish-eating "Resident" killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the northern North Pacific SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; CENTRAL ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; OCEANOGRAPHIC DOMAINS; CULTURAL TRANSMISSION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS AB The productive North Pacific waters of the Gulf of Alaska, Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea support a high density of fish-eating "Resident" type killer whales (Orcinus orca), which overlap in distribution with commercial fisheries, producing both direct and indirect interactions. To provide a spatial context for these interactions, we analyzed a 10-year dataset of 3,058 whale photo-identifications from 331 encounters within a large (linear similar to 4,000 km) coastal study area to investigate the ranging and social patterns of 532 individually identifiable whales photographed in more than one encounter. Although capable of large-scale movements (maximum 1,443 km), we documented ranges generally < 200 km, with high site fidelity across summer sampling intervals and also re-sightings during a winter survey. Bayesian analysis of pair-wise associations identified four defined clusters, likely representing groupings of stable matrilines, with distinct ranging patterns, that combined to form a large network of associated whales that ranged across most of the study area. This provides evidence of structure within the Alaska stock of Resident killer whales, important for evaluating ecosystem and fisheries impacts. This network included whales known to depredate groundfish from longline fisheries, and we suggest that such large-scale connectivity has facilitated the spread of depredation. C1 [Fearnbach, Holly; Durban, John W.; Waite, Janice M.; Wade, Paul R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Fearnbach, Holly] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross Shire, Scotland. [Durban, John W.; Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Ellifrit, David K.] Ctr Whale Res, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. [Matkin, Craig O.] North Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Lunsford, Chris R.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Peterson, Megan J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Fearnbach, H (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM holly.fearnbach@noaa.gov FU National Marine Mammal Laboratory; North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium; Alaska SeaLife Center FX This work would not have been possible without the help of an amazing Captain and friend, the late Atle Remme. We are grateful to many scientists and crew who participated in the survey efforts and contributed photographs to our study. Paul Thompson, John Ford, Kim Parsons, Phil Clapham and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Dedicated field efforts were supported by NOAA's Steller Sea Lion Research Initiative, with specific funding from the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, the North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium and the Alaska SeaLife Center. Research was conducted under permits 545-1488-03, 782-1510, 932-1489-05 and 782-1719 issued by the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 87 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 161 IS 2 BP 459 EP 472 DI 10.1007/s00227-013-2351-0 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 302PQ UT WOS:000330617800018 ER PT J AU Rozo, E Rykoff, ES Bartlett, JG Evrard, A AF Rozo, E. Rykoff, E. S. Bartlett, J. G. Evrard, A. TI A comparative study of local galaxy clusters - I. Derived X-ray observables SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general ID SCALING RELATIONS; MASS PROFILE; XMM-NEWTON; REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE; TEMPERATURE PROFILES; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; SUNYAEV-ZELDOVICH; OBSERVED GROWTH; MERGER EVENTS; COLD-FRONT AB We examine systematic differences in the derived X-ray properties of galaxy clusters as reported by three different groups: Vikhlinin et al., Mantz et al. and Plank Collaboration. The sample overlap between any two pairs of works ranges between 16 to 28 galaxy clusters. We find systematic differences in most reported X-ray properties, including the total cluster mass, M-500. The most extreme case is an average 45 +/- 5 per cent difference in cluster mass between the Plank Collaboration and Mantz et al., for clusters at z > 0.13 (averaged over 16 clusters). These differences also induce differences in cluster observables defined within an R-500 aperture. After accounting for aperture differences, we find very good agreement in gas mass estimates between the different groups. However, the soft-band X-ray luminosity, L-X, core-excised spectroscopic temperature, T-X, and gas thermal energy, Y-X = M-gas T-X display mean differences at the 5-15 per cent level. We also find that the low (z <= 0.13) and high (z >= 0.13) redshift galaxy cluster samples in Plank Collaboration appear to be systematically different: the Y-SZ/Y-X ratio for each of these two sub-samples is ln (Y-SZ/Y-X) = -0.06 +/- 0.04 and ln (Y-SZ/Y-X) = 0.08 +/- 0.04, respectively. C1 [Rozo, E.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rozo, E.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rozo, E.; Rykoff, E. S.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rykoff, E. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bartlett, J. G.] Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, APC,CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Bartlett, J. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Evrard, A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Evrard, A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Evrard, A.] Univ Michigan, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Rozo, E (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM erozo@slac.stanford.edu OI Evrard, August/0000-0002-4876-956X FU National Science Foundation [PHY05-51164]; NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program [PF9-00068]; NSF [AST-0708150]; NASA [NNX07AN58G]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX The authors would like to thank Adam Mantz, Alexey Vikhlinin, Gabriel Pratt, Monique Arnaud and Steven Allen for useful criticisms on earlier drafts of this work. The authors would also like to thank the organizers of the Monsters Inc. workshop at KITP, supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant no. PHY05-51164, where this collaboration was started. ER gratefully acknowledges the hospitality of the AstroParticle and Cosmology laboratory (APC) at the Universite Paris Diderot, where part of this work took place. ER is funded by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program, grant PF9-00068. AEE acknowledges support from NSF AST-0708150 and NASA NNX07AN58G. A portion of the research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy contract to SLAC no. DE-AC02-76SF00515. NR 56 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 438 IS 1 BP 49 EP 61 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt2091 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300IH UT WOS:000330457100025 ER PT J AU Rozo, E Evrard, AE Rykoff, ES Bartlett, JG AF Rozo, E. Evrard, A. E. Rykoff, E. S. Bartlett, J. G. TI A comparative study of local galaxy clusters - II. X-ray and SZ scaling relations SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general ID LUMINOSITY-TEMPERATURE RELATION; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; OBSERVED GROWTH; MASS; CHANDRA; CATALOG; SCATTER; SAMPLE AB We compare cluster scaling relations published for three different samples selected via X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) signatures. We find tensions driven mainly by two factors: (i) systematic differences in the X-ray cluster observables used to derive the scaling relations and (ii) uncertainty in the modelling of how the gas mass of galaxy clusters scales with total mass. All scaling relations are in agreement after accounting for these two effects. We describe a multivariate scaling model that enables a fully self-consistent treatment of multiple observational catalogues in the presence of property covariance and apply this formalism when interpreting published results. The corrections due to scatter and observable covariance can be significant. For instance, our predicted Y-SZ-L-X scaling relation differs from that derived using the naive 'plug in' method by approximate to 25 per cent. Finally, we test the mass normalization for each of the X-ray data sets we consider by applying a space density consistency test: we compare the observed ROSAT-ESO Flux-Limited X-ray (REFLEX) luminosity function to expectations from published L-X-M relations convolved with the mass function for a Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 7 flat Lambda cold dark matter model. C1 [Rozo, E.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rozo, E.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Evrard, A. E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys & Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Evrard, A. E.] Univ Michigan, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rykoff, E. S.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rykoff, E. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bartlett, J. G.] Univ Paris Diderot, APC, Observ Paris, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris 13, France. [Bartlett, J. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Rozo, E (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM erozo@slac.stanford.edu OI Evrard, August/0000-0002-4876-956X FU National Science Foundation [PHY05-51164]; NASA [PF9-00068, NNX07AN58G]; NSF [AST-0708150]; Institut Universitaire de France; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX The authors would like to thank Adam Mantz, Alexey Vikhlinin, Gabriel Pratt, Monique Arnaud and Steven Allen for useful criticisms on earlier drafts of this work. The authors would also like to thank the organizers of the Monsters Inc. workshop at KITP, supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY05-51164, where this collaboration was started. ER gratefully acknowledges the hospitality of the AstroParticle and Cosmology laboratory (APC) at the Universite Paris Diderot, where part of this work took place. ER is funded by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Programme, grant PF9-00068. AEE acknowledges support from NSF AST-0708150 and NASA NNX07AN58G. JGB gratefully acknowledges support from the Institut Universitaire de France. A portion of the research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy contract to SLAC no. DE-AC02-76SF00515. NR 55 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 438 IS 1 BP 62 EP 77 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt2160 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300IH UT WOS:000330457100026 ER PT J AU Rozo, E Bartlett, JG Evrard, AE Rykoff, ES AF Rozo, E. Bartlett, J. G. Evrard, A. E. Rykoff, E. S. TI Closing the loop: a self-consistent model of optical, X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich scaling relations for clusters of Galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MASS-RICHNESS RELATION; RING-LIKE STRUCTURE; DARK-MATTER HALOS; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; LENSING ANALYSIS; MAXBCG CLUSTERS; ACS/NIC3 OBSERVATIONS; VELOCITY DISPERSION; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM AB We demonstrate that optical data from Sloan Digital Sky Survey, X-ray data from ROSAT and Chandra, and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) data from Planck can be modelled in a fully self-consistent manner. After accounting for systematic errors and allowing for property covariance, we find that scaling relations derived from optical and X-ray selected cluster samples are consistent with one another. Moreover, these cluster scaling relations satisfy several non-trivial spatial abundance constraints and closure relations. Given the good agreement between optical and X-ray samples, we combine the two and derive a joint set of L-X-M and Y-SZ-M relations. Our best-fitting Y-SZ-M relation is in good agreement with the observed amplitude of the thermal SZ power spectrum for a Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 7 cosmology, and is consistent with the masses for the two CLASH galaxy clusters published thus far. We predict the halo masses of the remaining z <= 0.4 CLASH clusters, and use our scaling relations to compare our results with a variety of X-ray and weak lensing cluster masses from the literature. C1 [Rozo, E.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rozo, E.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bartlett, J. G.] Univ Paris Diderot, APC, Observ Paris, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris 13, France. [Bartlett, J. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Evrard, A. E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys & Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Evrard, A. E.] Univ Michigan, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rykoff, E. S.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rykoff, E. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rozo, E (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM erozo@slac.stanford.edu OI Evrard, August/0000-0002-4876-956X FU National Science Foundation [PHY05-51164]; NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Programme [PF9-00068]; NSF [AST-0708150]; NASA [NNX07AN58G]; Institut Universitaire de France; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX The authors would like to thank the organizers of the Monsters Inc., workshop at KITP, supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant no. PHY05-51164, where this collaboration was started. The authors also gratefully acknowledge T. Biesiadzinski for sharing his systematic corrections to YSZ in the maxBCG data and A. Mantz for sharing his X-ray luminosities for those systems not published in M10. ER gratefully acknowledges the hospitality of the AstroParticle and Cosmology laboratory (APC) at the Universite Paris Diderot, where part of this work took place. ER is funded by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Programme, grant PF9-00068. AEE acknowledges support from NSF AST-0708150 and NASA NNX07AN58G. JGB gratefully acknowledges support from the Institut Universitaire de France. A portion of the research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy contract to SLAC no. DE-AC02-76SF00515. NR 88 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 438 IS 1 BP 78 EP 96 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt2161 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300IH UT WOS:000330457100027 ER PT J AU Ramsay, G Howell, SB Wood, MA Smale, A Barclay, T Seebode, SA Gelino, D Still, M Cannizzo, JK AF Ramsay, Gavin Howell, Steve B. Wood, Matt A. Smale, Alan Barclay, Thomas Seebode, Sally A. Gelino, Dawn Still, Martin Cannizzo, John K. TI BOKS 45906: a CV with an orbital period of 56.6 min in the Kepler field? SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; stars: dwarf novae; stars: individual: BOKS 45906; novae, cataclysmic variables ID NORTHERN GALACTIC PLANE; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; LIGHT-CURVE; DWARF NOVA; SUPEROUTBURST; TELESCOPE; MINIMUM AB BOKS 45906 was found to be a blue source in the Burrell-Optical-Kepler Survey which showed a 3 mag outburst lasting similar to 5 d. We present the Kepler light curve of this source which covers nearly 3 years. We find that it is in a faint optical state for approximately half the time and shows a series of outbursts separated by distinct dips in flux. Using data with 1 min sampling, we find clear evidence that in its low state BOKS 45906 shows a flux variability on a period of 56.5574 +/- 0.0014 min and a semi-amplitude of similar to 3 per cent. Since we can phase all the 1 min cadence data on a common ephemeris using this period, it is probable that 56.56 min is the binary orbital period. Optical spectra of BOKS 45906 show the presence of Balmer lines in emission indicating it is not an AM CVn (pure Helium) binary. Swift data show that it is a weak X-ray source and is weakly detected in the bluest of the UVOT filters. We conclude that BOKS 45906 is a cataclysmic variable with a period shorter than the 'period-bounce' systems and therefore BOKS 45906 could be the first helium-rich cataclysmic variable detected in the Kepler field. C1 [Ramsay, Gavin] Armagh Observ, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. [Howell, Steve B.; Barclay, Thomas; Still, Martin] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94095 USA. [Wood, Matt A.] Texas A&M Univ, Phys & Astron Dept, Commerce, TX 75429 USA. [Smale, Alan; Still, Martin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Barclay, Thomas] Bay Area Environm Res Inst Inc, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. [Seebode, Sally A.] San Mateo High Sch, San Mateo, CA 94401 USA. [Gelino, Dawn] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cannizzo, John K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cannizzo, John K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cannizzo, John K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Ramsay, G (reprint author), Armagh Observ, Coll Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. EM gar@arm.ac.uk FU NASA, Science Mission Directorate; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA [NAS5 26555]; NASA Office of Space Science [NAG5 7584]; NASA [10-KEPLER10-0013, 11-KEPLER11-0038]; Northern Ireland Government through the Department of Culture Arts and Leisure FX Kepler was selected as the 10th mission of the Discovery Program. Funding for this mission is provided by NASA, Science Mission Directorate. The Kepler data presented in this paper were obtained from the Multimission Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5 26555. Support for MAST for non-HST data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science via grant NAG5 7584 and by other grants and contracts. We acknowledge support via NASA's Kepler Grants 10-KEPLER10-0013 and 11-KEPLER11-0038. SH, SS and DG wish to thank Carolyn Heffner and Jean Mueller for their help and expertise at the 200 inch Hale Telescope during our observations. Armagh Observatory is supported by the Northern Ireland Government through the Department of Culture Arts and Leisure. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 438 IS 1 BP 789 EP 795 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt2248 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300IH UT WOS:000330457100077 ER PT J AU Greaves, JS Kennedy, GM Thureau, N Eiroa, C Marshall, JP Maldonado, J Matthews, BC Olofsson, G Barlow, MJ Moro-Martin, A Sibthorpe, B Absil, O Ardila, DR Booth, M Broekhoven-Fiene, H Brown, DJA Cameron, AC del Burgo, C Di Francesco, J Eisloffel, J Duchene, G Ertel, S Holland, WS Horner, J Kalas, P Kavelaars, JJ Lestrade, JF Vican, L Wilner, DJ Wolf, S Wyatt, MC AF Greaves, J. S. Kennedy, G. M. Thureau, N. Eiroa, C. Marshall, J. P. Maldonado, J. Matthews, B. C. Olofsson, G. Barlow, M. J. Moro-Martin, A. Sibthorpe, B. Absil, O. Ardila, D. R. Booth, M. Broekhoven-Fiene, H. Brown, D. J. A. Cameron, A. Collier del Burgo, C. Di Francesco, J. Eisloeffel, J. Duchene, G. Ertel, S. Holland, W. S. Horner, J. Kalas, P. Kavelaars, J. J. Lestrade, J-F Vican, L. Wilner, D. J. Wolf, S. Wyatt, M. C. TI Alignment in star-debris disc systems seen by Herschel SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; planetary systems; infrared: stars ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; SPIN-ORBIT MISALIGNMENT; ACCRETING MAGNETIC PROTOSTARS; RAPIDLY ROTATING STAR; KUIPER-BELT; HR 8799; EXOPLANETARY SYSTEMS; STELLAR ROTATION; EPSILON-ERIDANI; HABITABLE ZONE AB Many nearby main-sequence stars have been searched for debris using the far-infrared Herschel satellite, within the DEBRIS, DUNES and Guaranteed-Time Key Projects. We discuss here 11 stars of spectral types A-M where the stellar inclination is known and can be compared to that of the spatially resolved dust belts. The discs are found to be well aligned with the stellar equators, as in the case of the Sun's Kuiper belt, and unlike many close-in planets seen in transit surveys. The ensemble of stars here can be fitted with a star-disc tilt of less than or similar to 10 degrees. These results suggest that proposed mechanisms for tilting the star or disc in fact operate rarely. A few systems also host imaged planets, whose orbits at tens of au are aligned with the debris discs, contrary to what might be expected in models where external perturbers induce tilts. C1 [Greaves, J. S.; Thureau, N.; Brown, D. J. A.; Cameron, A. Collier] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Kennedy, G. M.; Wyatt, M. C.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Eiroa, C.; Marshall, J. P.; Maldonado, J.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dpt Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Matthews, B. C.; Di Francesco, J.; Kavelaars, J. J.] Natl Res Council Canada, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Matthews, B. C.; Booth, M.; Broekhoven-Fiene, H.; Di Francesco, J.; Kavelaars, J. J.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Olofsson, G.] SCFAB, Stockholm Observ, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Barlow, M. J.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Moro-Martin, A.] INTA, CSIC, Ctr Astrobiol, E-28850 Madrid, Spain. [Sibthorpe, B.; Holland, W. S.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Sibthorpe, B.] Univ Groningen, SRON, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Absil, O.] Univ Liege, Dept Astrophys Geophys & Oceanog, B-4000 Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium. [Ardila, D. R.] CALTECH, NASA, Herschel Sci Ctr, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [del Burgo, C.] Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla, Mexico. [Eisloeffel, J.] Thuringer Landessternwarte, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. [Duchene, G.; Kalas, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Duchene, G.; Ertel, S.] Univ Joseph Fourier, CNRS, IPAG, F-38400 St Martin Dheres, France. [Horner, J.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Dept Astrophys & Opt, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Kalas, P.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Lestrade, J-F] CNRS, Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Vican, L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Wilner, D. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wolf, S.] Univ Kiel, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. RP Greaves, JS (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. EM jsg5@st-andrews.ac.uk RI Barlow, Michael/A-5638-2009; OI Barlow, Michael/0000-0002-3875-1171; Booth, Mark/0000-0001-8568-6336; Marshall, Jonathan/0000-0001-6208-1801; Horner, Jonti/0000-0002-1160-7970; Kennedy, Grant/0000-0001-6831-7547 FU ERC [279973]; Spanish grant [AYA 2011-26202] FX Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA. This work was supported by ERC grant 279973 (GMK, MCW) and Spanish grant AYA 2011-26202 (CE, JPM, JM). NR 81 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 438 IS 1 BP L31 EP L35 DI 10.1093/mnrasl/slt153 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300IH UT WOS:000330457100007 ER PT J AU El-Asrag, HA Iannetti, AC Apte, SV AF El-Asrag, Hossam A. Iannetti, Anthony C. Apte, Sourabh V. TI Large eddy simulations for radiation-spray coupling for a lean direct injector combustor SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Large eddy simulation; Radiation; Lean direct injection; Turbulent flames; Spray modeling; Stochastic secondary breakup ID PREMIXED TURBULENT COMBUSTION; GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTOR; VARIABLE APPROACH; SOOT FORMATION; FLAMES; EXTINCTION; REIGNITION; PREDICTION; FLOWS; MODEL AB Large Eddy Simulations (LESs) for a lean-direct injection (LDI) combustor are performed and compared with experimental data. The LDI emissions characteristics, and radiation-spray coupling effect on the predictions are analyzed. The flamelet progress variable approach is employed for chemistry tabulation coupled with a stochastic secondary breakup model. Good comparisons are shown with the experimental data mean and root mean square for both the gas phase and spray droplets profiles. The effect of combustion is found to change the shape and structure of the central recirculation zone to be more compact in length but larger in diameter in the transverse direction. In-addition the results show that the gas phase radiation alters the spray dynamics by changing the local gas-phase temperature distribution. This impacts the spray evaporation rate, the local mixture fraction, and consequently the combustion heat released rate and the predicted emissions. The simulation with no radiation modeling shows over prediction in the temperature distribution, pollutants emissions, higher fuel evaporation rate, and narrower range of droplet size distribution with lower number density for the smaller size particles. The current study suggests that, even for low pressure systems, radiation modeling can be important for accurate emissions prediction. (C) 2013 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [El-Asrag, Hossam A.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Turbulence Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Iannetti, Anthony C.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Apte, Sourabh V.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP El-Asrag, HA (reprint author), Ansys Inc, 10 Cavendish Court, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. EM hossam.elasrag@ansys.com FU NASA Glenn Research Center FX This work is funded by NASA Glenn Research Center. The authors thanks Nan-Suey Liu for providing advice, grid and experimental data for comparison. Many thanks to Heinz Pitsch for his continuous support and revision for this manuscript and for his helpful discussions and technical advice. The authors also acknowledge Frank Ham from Stanford for his valuable support with the CDP code and Jeffrey P. Moder from GRC for reviewing the final version of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD FEB PY 2014 VL 161 IS 2 BP 510 EP 524 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.09.020 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 295CS UT WOS:000330094800013 ER PT J AU Vander Wal, RL Bryg, VM Huang, CH AF Vander Wal, Randy L. Bryg, Vicky M. Huang, Chung-Hsuan TI Aircraft engine particulate matter: Macro- micro- and nanostructure by HRTEM and chemistry by XPS SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Soot; Macrostructure; Microstructure; Nanostructure; Fringe analysis; CFM-56-3 ID PARTICLE EMISSIONS EXPERIMENT; DIESEL SOOT PARTICLES; GAS-TURBINE ENGINE; PHYSICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CARBON; MICROSTRUCTURE; AEROSOL; SCATTERING; SURROGATE AB Carbonaceous particulate emissions from jet aircraft are a significant source of emissions from airports near urban areas. Physical structure and surface chemistry are relevant towards assessing impacts of combustion-produced soot upon the environment and assessing health impacts. In this report high-resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) data are presented for particulate emissions from a CFM-56-3 engine aboard a DC-9 aircraft, fueled by JP-8. Engine power levels were varied from 4% to 100%. Soot aggregate macrostructure, microstructure and nanostructure are discussed with respect to combustion conditions. Ultrafine particle size distributions at idle and near full power conditions are highlighted by HRTEM and compare favorably to reported scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) measurements. Particle composition, as inferred from the XPS ratio for sp(2)/sp(3) carbon bonding is compared to results from thermo-optical evaluation of organic and elemental carbon analysis at selected powers with excellent agreement. Across engine power levels, these ultra-fine particles appear to be remnants of oxidized larger aggregates. (C) 2013 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Vander Wal, Randy L.; Huang, Chung-Hsuan] Penn State Univ, John & Willie Leone Family Dept Energy & Mineral, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Vander Wal, Randy L.; Huang, Chung-Hsuan] Penn State Univ, EMS Energy Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bryg, Vicky M.] NASA, Glen Res Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Huang, CH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, John & Willie Leone Family Dept Energy & Mineral, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM czh141@psu.edu FU NASA Aeronautics Subsonic Fixed Wing (SSFW) Program; NASA [NNX09AD42A]; Pennsylvania State University, at University Park PA FX The authors gratefully acknowledge sample collection during the weeks of field campaign testing by Dr. Kathleen Tacina (NASA-Glenn) and overall project coordination and experimental assistance and support by Dr. Bruce Anderson (NASA-Langley). Vicky M. Bryg (USRA) is acknowledged for TEM and XPS work and fringe analyses and Mr. Chung-Hsuan Hunag (Penn State University) for sizing analyses and Dr. Corporan (WPAFB) for graciously sharing his experimental data prior to publication. Support for this work was through the NASA Aeronautics Subsonic Fixed Wing (SSFW) Program, NASA Cooperative Agreement NNX09AD42A with The Pennsylvania State University, at University Park PA. NR 51 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD FEB PY 2014 VL 161 IS 2 BP 602 EP 611 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.09.003 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 295CS UT WOS:000330094800020 ER PT J AU Bisagni, C Davila, CG AF Bisagni, Chiara Davila, Carlos G. TI Experimental investigation of the postbuckling response and collapse of a single-stringer specimen SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Collapse tests; Postbuckling; Composite material; Skin/stringer delamination; Crippling ID STIFFENED COMPOSITE PANELS; CYCLIC BUCKLING TESTS; UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION; CURVED PANELS; DAMAGE MODEL; BEHAVIOR; DELAMINATION; SHEAR AB The postbuckling response and the collapse of composite specimens with a co-cured hat stringer are investigated experimentally. The specimens are designed to evaluate the postbuckling response and the effect of an embedded defect on the collapse load and the mode of failure. Tests were performed using controlled conditions and instrumentation that included pre-test ultrasonic inspections and measurement of initial geometric imperfections, strain and displacement measurement through strain gauges, LVDTs and three-dimensional digital image correlation system, as well as high-speed video cameras. The test results reveal that minor imperfections due to manufacturing and residual thermal strains can result in large differences in the postbuckling responses. In addition, an embedded delamination can cause a reduction of the collapse load of about 17% for a 20-mm Teflon insert and about 28% for a 40-mm Teflon insert. Using a high speed camera, it was also observed that the collapse-initiates as a skin/stringer delamination, which induces an immediate crippling of the stringer. The results obtained with these inexpensive-to-manufacture panels indicate that these test specimens can be useful for the evaluation of damage tolerance of postbuckled structures and could therefore fill the gap between test coupons and multi-stringer panels in the building block approach to the design and certification of aerospace structures. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bisagni, Chiara] Politecn Milan, Dept Aerosp Engn, I-20156 Milan, Italy. [Davila, Carlos G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Struct Mech & Concepts Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Bisagni, C (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM chiara.bisagni@polimi.it; carlos.g.davila@nasa.gov RI Bisagni, Chiara/G-7158-2012 OI Bisagni, Chiara/0000-0002-8713-9763 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 EI 1879-1085 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 108 BP 493 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.09.018 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 292DD UT WOS:000329881500046 ER PT J AU Rind, DH Lean, JL Jonas, J AF Rind, David H. Lean, Judith L. Jonas, Jeffrey TI The Impact of Different Absolute Solar Irradiance Values on Current Climate Model Simulations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Climate models; General circulation models; Model evaluation; performance ID ATMOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; REANALYSIS; DATASET AB Simulations of the preindustrial and doubled CO2 climates are made with the GISS Global Climate Middle Atmosphere Model 3 using two different estimates of the absolute solar irradiance value: a higher value measured by solar radiometers in the 1990s and a lower value measured recently by the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment. Each of the model simulations is adjusted to achieve global energy balance; without this adjustment the difference in irradiance produces a global temperature change of 0.4 degrees C, comparable to the cooling estimated for the Maunder Minimum. The results indicate that by altering cloud cover the model properly compensates for the different absolute solar irradiance values on a global level when simulating both preindustrial and doubled CO2 climates. On a regional level, the preindustrial climate simulations and the patterns of change with doubled CO2 concentrations are again remarkably similar, but there are some differences. Using a higher absolute solar irradiance value and the requisite cloud cover affects the model's depictions of high-latitude surface air temperature, sea level pressure, and stratospheric ozone, as well as tropical precipitation. In the climate change experiments it leads to an underestimation of North Atlantic warming, reduced precipitation in the tropical western Pacific, and smaller total ozone growth at high northern latitudes. Although significant, these differences are typically modest compared with the magnitude of the regional changes expected for doubled greenhouse gas concentrations. Nevertheless, the model simulations demonstrate that achieving the highest possible fidelity when simulating regional climate change requires that climate models use as input the most accurate (lower) solar irradiance value. C1 [Rind, David H.] NASA GISS, New York, NY USA. [Lean, Judith L.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jonas, Jeffrey] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Lean, JL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM judith.lean@nrl.navy.mil OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 FU NASA FX NASA funded this work. SORCE TSI data are available online (at http://lasp.colorado.edu/sorce/data/tsi_data.htm). Model simulations were made possible through a grant from the NASA HEC division. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 27 IS 3 BP 1100 EP 1120 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00136.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 294YY UT WOS:000330085000009 ER PT J AU Choi, IJ Iguchi, T Kim, SW Nakajima, T Yoon, SC AF Choi, In-Jin Iguchi, Takamichi Kim, Sang-Woo Nakajima, Teruyuki Yoon, Soon-Chang TI The effect of aerosol representation on cloud microphysical properties in Northeast Asia SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; PART I; MODEL; SATELLITE; PRECIPITATION; PARAMETERIZATION; CIRCULATION; ACTIVATION; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION AB This study performed a three-dimensional regional-scale simulation of aerosol and cloud fields using a meso-scale non-hydrostatic model with a bin-based cloud microphysics. The representation of aerosols in the model has been improved to account for more realistic multi-modal size distribution and multiple chemical compositions. Two case studies for shallow stratocumulus over Northeast Asia in March 2005 were conducted with different aerosol conditions to evaluate model performance. Improved condensation nuclei (CN) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are attributable to the newly constructed aerosol size distribution. The simulated results of cloud microphysical properties (cloud droplet effective radius, liquid water path, and optical thickness) with improved CN/CCN number are close to the retrievals from satellite-based observation. The effects of aerosol on the microphysical properties of shallow stratocumulus are investigated by model simulation, in terms of columnar aerosol number concentration. Enhanced aerosol number concentration results in increased liquid water path in humid case, but invariant liquid water path in dry case primarily due to precipitation occurrence. The changes of cloud microphysical properties are more predominant for small aerosol burden than for large aerosol burden with the retarded changes in cloud mass and size due to inactive condensation and collision-coalescence processes. Quantitative evaluation of sensitivity factor between aerosol and cloud microphysical properties indicates a strong aerosol-cloud interaction in Northeast Asian region. C1 [Choi, In-Jin] Korea Inst Atmospher Predict Syst, Seoul 156849, South Korea. [Iguchi, Takamichi] NASA, Div Earth Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kim, Sang-Woo; Yoon, Soon-Chang] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Nakajima, Teruyuki] Univ Tokyo, AORI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. RP Kim, SW (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, 599 Gwanak Ro, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM sangwookim@snu.ac.kr RI Nakajima, Teruyuki/H-2370-2013 OI Nakajima, Teruyuki/0000-0002-9042-504X FU School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University; Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2012-3020] FX This research was supported by the BK21+ program of the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University and by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2012-3020. We wish to acknowledge Prof. Toshihiko Takemura for providing SPRINTARS simulation dataset. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 EI 1436-5065 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 123 IS 3-4 BP 181 EP 194 DI 10.1007/s00703-013-0288-y PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 299FR UT WOS:000330381800005 ER PT J AU Lang, TJ Rutledge, SA Dolan, B Krehbiel, P Rison, W Lindsey, DT AF Lang, Timothy J. Rutledge, Steven A. Dolan, Brenda Krehbiel, Paul Rison, William Lindsey, Daniel T. TI Lightning in Wildfire Smoke Plumes Observed in Colorado during Summer 2012 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Forest fires; Lightning; Wildfires; Atmospheric electricity; Radars; Radar observations; Satellite observations ID FOREST-FIRE; CHARGE SEPARATION; MAPPING ARRAY; RADAR DATA; CLOUD; ELECTRIFICATION; PRECIPITATION; MICROPHYSICS; REFLECTIVITY; MECHANISM AB Pyrocumulus clouds above three Colorado wildfires (Hewlett Gulch, High Park, and Waldo Canyon; all during the summer of 2012) electrified and produced localized intracloud discharges whenever the smoke plumes grew above 10 km MSL (approximately -45 degrees C). Vertical development occurred during periods of rapid wildfire growth, as indicated by the shortwave infrared channel on a geostationary satellite, as well as by incident reports. The lightning discharges were detected by a three-dimensional lightning mapping network. Based on Doppler and polarimetric radar observations, they likely were caused by ice-based electrification processes that did not involve significant amounts of high-density graupel. Plumes that did not feature significant amounts of radar-inferred ice at high altitudes did not produce lightning, which means lightning observations may assist in diagnosing pyrocumulus features that could affect the radiative characteristics and chemical composition of the upper troposphere. The lightning was not detected by the National Lightning Detection Network, implying that pyrocumulus lightning may occur more frequently than past studies (which lacked access to detailed intracloud information) might suggest. Given the known spatial and temporal advantages provided by lightning networks over radar and satellite data, the results also indicate a possible new application for lightning data in monitoring wildfire state. C1 [Lang, Timothy J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Rutledge, Steven A.; Dolan, Brenda] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Krehbiel, Paul; Rison, William] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Lindsey, Daniel T.] NOAA NESDIS STAR RAMMB, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Lang, TJ (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, ZP11, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM timothy.j.lang@nasa.gov RI Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010; OI Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683; Lang, Timothy/0000-0003-1576-572X FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1010G6S7]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center; NSF FX Pat Kennedy, Bob Bowie, and Brody Fuchs of CSU assisted with the radar scanning for the Hewlett Gulch case. Paul Hein from CSU provided data and analysis support. Vaisala supplied the NLDN flash-level data analyzed in this study. The sounding data were obtained from the University of Wyoming web archive. Katherine Willingham provided the NMQ radar mosaic data on behalf of NOAA. The authors also thank the journal editor and reviewers for their assistance with publishing this study. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant AGS-1010G6S7, as well as by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center's Fiscal Year 2013 Science Innovation Fund. NSF provided principal funding for DC3's Colorado ground-based facilities and operations. The views, opinions, and findings in this report are those of the authors, and should not be construed as an official NASA, NOAA, or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 70 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 142 IS 2 BP 489 EP 507 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00184.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295EZ UT WOS:000330100700001 ER PT J AU Reinhart, B Fuelberg, H Blakeslee, R Mach, D Heymsfield, A Bansemer, A Durden, SL Tanelli, S Heymsfield, G Lambrigtsen, B AF Reinhart, Brad Fuelberg, Henry Blakeslee, Richard Mach, Douglas Heymsfield, Andrew Bansemer, Aaron Durden, Stephen L. Tanelli, Simone Heymsfield, Gerald Lambrigtsen, Bjorn TI Understanding the Relationships between Lightning, Cloud Microphysics, and Airborne Radar-Derived Storm Structure during Hurricane Karl (2010) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Hurricanes; typhoons; Lightning ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; CONVECTIVE CELLS; VERTICAL MOTIONS; LOCATION NETWORK; ICE SCATTERING; DOPPLER RADAR; INNER CORE; TOGA COARE; PART I; ELECTRIFICATION AB This study explores relationships between lightning, cloud microphysics, and tropical cyclone (TC) storm structure in Hurricane Karl (16 September 2010) using data collected by the NASA DC-8 and Global Hawk (GH) aircraft during NASA's Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) experiment. The research capitalizes on the unique opportunity provided by GRIP to synthesize multiple datasets from two aircraft and analyze the microphysical and kinematic properties of an electrified TC. Five coordinated flight legs through Karl by the DC-8 and GH are investigated, focusing on the inner-core region (within 50 km of the storm center) where the lightning was concentrated and the aircraft were well coordinated. GRIP datasets are used to compare properties of electrified and nonelectrified inner-core regions that are related to the noninductive charging mechanism, which is widely accepted to explain the observed electric fields within thunderstorms. Three common characteristics of Karl's electrified regions are identified: 1) strong updrafts of 10-20 m s(-1), 2) deep mixed-phase layers indicated by reflectivities >30 dBZ extending several kilometers above the freezing level, and 3) microphysical environments consisting of graupel, very small ice particles, and the inferred presence of supercooled water. These characteristics describe an environment favorable for in situ noninductive charging and, hence, TC electrification. The electrified regions in Karl's inner core are attributable to a microphysical environment that was conducive to electrification because of occasional, strong convective updrafts in the eyewall. C1 [Reinhart, Brad; Fuelberg, Henry] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Blakeslee, Richard] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Mach, Douglas] Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Heymsfield, Andrew; Bansemer, Aaron] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Durden, Stephen L.; Tanelli, Simone; Lambrigtsen, Bjorn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Heymsfield, Gerald] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Fuelberg, H (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 1017 Acad Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM hfuelberg@fsu.edu FU NASA [NNX09AC43G]; AMS/Northrop Grumman Graduate Fellowship FX We wish to thank the many people who made the GRIP project and this resulting research possible. The research at Florida State University was supported by NASA Grant NNX09AC43G and an AMS/Northrop Grumman Graduate Fellowship to the lead author. A portion of this research (Durden, Lambrigtsen, and Tanelli) was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors wish to thank the World Wide Lightning Location Network (http://wwlln.net), a collaboration among over 50 universities and institutions, for providing lightning location data used in this paper. NR 64 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 142 IS 2 BP 590 EP 605 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00008.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295EZ UT WOS:000330100700006 ER PT J AU Janjic, T McLaughlin, D Cohn, SE Verlaan, M AF Janjic, Tijana McLaughlin, Dennis Cohn, Stephen E. Verlaan, Martin TI Conservation of Mass and Preservation of Positivity with Ensemble-Type Kalman Filter Algorithms SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Kalman filters; Data assimilation ID DATA ASSIMILATION SCHEME; WATER-VAPOR OBSERVATIONS; BACKGROUND-ERROR; THEORETICAL ASPECTS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; OCEAN MODELS; PART I; FORECASTS; IMPLEMENTATION; CONSTRAINTS AB This paper considers the incorporation of constraints to enforce physically based conservation laws in the ensemble Kalman filter. In particular, constraints are used to ensure that the ensemble members and the ensemble mean conserve mass and remain nonnegative through measurement updates. In certain situations filtering algorithms such as the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) yield updated ensembles that conserve mass but are negative, even though the actual states must be nonnegative. In such situations if negative values are set to zero, or a log transform is introduced, the total mass will not be conserved. In this study, mass and positivity are both preserved by formulating the filter update as a set of quadratic programming problems that incorporate nonnegativity constraints. Simple numerical experiments indicate that this approach can have a significant positive impact on the posterior ensemble distribution, giving results that are more physically plausible both for individual ensemble members and for the ensemble mean. In two examples, an update that includes a nonnegativity constraint is able to properly describe the transport of a sharp feature (e.g., a triangle or cone). A number of implementation questions still need to be addressed, particularly the need to develop a computationally efficient quadratic programming update for large ensemble. C1 [Janjic, Tijana; McLaughlin, Dennis] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cohn, Stephen E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Verlaan, Martin] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. RP Janjic, T (reprint author), DWD LMU, Hans Ertel Ctr Weather Res, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM tijana.janjic-pfander@dwd.de RI Verlaan, Martin/K-5913-2012; Janjic, Tijana/E-6727-2013; Cohn, Stephen/K-1954-2012 OI Verlaan, Martin/0000-0001-7181-3955; Janjic, Tijana/0000-0002-8837-0879; Cohn, Stephen/0000-0001-8506-9354 FU Max Kade foundation; BMVBS (Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development); NASA Modeling and Analysis Program through the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office FX Tijana Janjic is grateful to the Max Kade foundation for providing partial support for this study and to Hans-Ertel Centre for Weather Research. This research network of universities, research institutes, and the Deutscher Wetterdienst is funded by the BMVBS (Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development). Stephen E. Cohn gratefully acknowledges the support of the NASA Modeling and Analysis Program, provided through the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office core funding. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 142 IS 2 BP 755 EP 773 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00056.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295EZ UT WOS:000330100700016 ER PT J AU Mather, J Stebbins, R AF Mather, John Stebbins, Robin TI GRAVITATIONAL WAVES SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Letter C1 [Mather, John; Stebbins, Robin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Mather, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 310 IS 2 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 296SK UT WOS:000330205500002 ER PT J AU Schneider, AC Cushing, MC Kirkpatrick, JD Mace, GN Gelino, CR Faherty, JK Fajardo-Acosta, S Sheppard, SS AF Schneider, Adam C. Cushing, Michael C. Kirkpatrick, J. Davy Mace, Gregory N. Gelino, Christopher R. Faherty, Jacqueline K. Fajardo-Acosta, Sergio Sheppard, Scott S. TI DISCOVERY OF THE YOUNG L DWARF WISE J174102.78-464225.5 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE brown dwarfs; stars: individual (WISE J174102.78-464225.5); stars: low-mass ID PROPER-MOTION SURVEY; INFRARED TELESCOPE FACILITY; ALL-SKY SURVEY; FIELD L-DWARFS; LOW-MASS STARS; BLUE L-DWARFS; BROWN DWARF; T-DWARFS; ULTRACOOL DWARFS; RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY AB We report the discovery of the L dwarf WISE J174102.78-464225.5, which was discovered as part of a search for nearby L dwarfs using the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). The distinct triangular peak of the H-band portion of its near-infrared spectrum and its red near-infrared colors (J-K-S = 2.35 +/- 0.08 mag) are indicative of a young age. Via comparison to spectral standards and other red L dwarfs, we estimate a near-infrared spectral type of L7 +/- 2 (pec). From a comparison to spectral and low-mass evolutionary models, we determine self-consistent effective temperature, log g, age, and mass values of 1450 +/- 100 K, 4.0 +/- 0.25 (cm s(-2)), 10-100 Myr, and 4-21M(Jup), respectively. With an estimated distance of 10-30 pc, we explore the possibility that WISE J174102.78-464225.5 belongs to one of the young nearby moving groups via a kinematic analysis and we find potential membership in the beta Pictoris or AB Doradus associations. A trigonometric parallax measurement and a precise radial velocity can help to secure its membership in either of these groups. C1 [Schneider, Adam C.; Cushing, Michael C.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Mace, Gregory N.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Fajardo-Acosta, Sergio] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mace, Gregory N.] UCLA, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Gelino, Christopher R.] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Faherty, Jacqueline K.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Sheppard, Scott S.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Schneider, AC (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, 2801 West Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM Adam.Schneider@Utoledo.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer FX This research has made use of the SIMBAD database and VizieR catalog access tool, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation, and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has benefitted from the SpeX Prism Spectral Libraries, maintained by Adam Burgasser at http://pono. ucsd. edu/ adam/browndwarfs/spexprism. This research has benefitted from the M, L, T, and Y dwarf compendium housed at dwarfarchives. org. G. N. M. was a Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement No. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program. The Brown Dwarf Spectroscopic Survey is hosted by UCLA and provided an essential comparison library for our moderate resolution spectroscopy. NR 75 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 147 IS 2 AR 34 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/147/2/34 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291OD UT WOS:000329837100010 ER PT J AU Van Dyk, SD Zheng, WK Fox, OD Cenko, SB Clubb, KI Filippenko, AV Foley, RJ Miller, AA Smith, N Kelly, PL Lee, WH Ben-Ami, S Gal-Yam, A AF Van Dyk, Schuyler D. Zheng, WeiKang Fox, Ori D. Cenko, S. Bradley Clubb, Kelsey I. Filippenko, Alexei V. Foley, Ryan J. Miller, Adam A. Smith, Nathan Kelly, Patrick L. Lee, William H. Ben-Ami, Sagi Gal-Yam, Avishay TI THE TYPE IIb SUPERNOVA 2013df AND ITS COOL SUPERGIANT PROGENITOR SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (NGC 4414); stars: evolution; supernovae: general; supernovae: individual (SN 2013df) ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SN 1993J; BINARY PROGENITOR; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; STELLAR PHOTOMETRY; UBVRI PHOTOMETRY; HUBBLE CONSTANT; SHOCK BREAKOUT; LIGHT CURVES; NGC 4414 AB We have obtained early-time photometry and spectroscopy of supernova (SN) 2013df in NGC 4414. The SN is clearly of Type IIb, with notable similarities to SN 1993J. From its luminosity at secondary maximum light, it appears that less 56Ni (less than or similar to 0.06 M circle dot) was synthesized in the SN 2013df explosion than was the case for the SNe IIb 1993J, 2008ax, and 2011dh. Based on a comparison of the light curves, the SN 2013df progenitor must have been more extended in radius prior to explosion than the progenitor of SN 1993J. The total extinction for SN 2013df is estimated to be A(V) = 0.30 mag. The metallicity at the SN location is likely to be solar. We have conducted Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Target of Opportunity observations of the SN with the Wide Field Camera 3, and from a precise comparison of these new observations to archival HST observations of the host galaxy obtained 14 yr prior to explosion, we have identified the progenitor of SN 2013df to be a yellow supergiant, somewhat hotter than a red supergiant progenitor for a normal Type II-Plateau SN. From its observed spectral energy distribution, assuming that the light is dominated by one star, the progenitor had effective temperature T-eff = 4250 +/- 100 K and a bolometric luminosity L-bol = 104.94 +/- 0.06 L circle dot. This leads to an effective radius R-eff = 545 +/- 65 R circle dot. The star likely had an initial mass in the range of 13-17M circle dot; however, if it was a member of an interacting binary system, detailed modeling of the system is required to estimate this mass more accurately. The progenitor star of SN 2013df appears to have been relatively similar to the progenitor of SN 1993J. C1 [Van Dyk, Schuyler D.] Spitzer Sci Center Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zheng, WeiKang; Fox, Ori D.; Clubb, Kelsey I.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Kelly, Patrick L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cenko, S. Bradley] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Foley, Ryan J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Foley, Ryan J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Miller, Adam A.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Smith, Nathan] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85720 USA. [Lee, William H.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Ben-Ami, Sagi; Gal-Yam, Avishay] Weizmann Inst Sci, Benoziyo Ctr Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Van Dyk, SD (reprint author), Spitzer Sci Center Caltech, Mail Code 220-6, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vandyk@ipac.caltech.edu OI Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 FU W. M. Keck Foundation; NASA [NNX09AH71G, NNX09AT02G, NNX10AI27G, NNX12AE66G, GO-12888, GO-13030, HST-HF-51325.01]; CONACyT [INFR2009- 01-122785]; UNAM PAPIIT [IN113810]; UC MEXUS-CONACyT grant; Gary and Cynthia Bengier, the Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund; Christopher R. Redlich Fund; TABASGO Foundation; NSF [AST1211916]; EU/FP7 via ERC [307260]; ISA FX This work is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the Data Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and NASA; the observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. KAIT and its ongoing research were made possible by donations from Sun Microsystems, Inc., the Hewlett-Packard Company, AutoScope Corporation, Lick Observatory, the NSF, the University of California, the Sylvia and Jim Katzman Foundation, and the TABASGO Foundation. We thank the RATIR instrument team and the staff of the Observatorio Astron omico Nacional on Sierra San Pedro Martir. RATIR is a collaboration between the University of California, the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, and Arizona State University, benefiting from the loan of an H2RG detector from Teledyne Scientific and Imaging. RATIR, the automation of the Harold L. Johnson Telescope of the Observatorio Astronomico Nacional on Sierra San Pedro Martir, and the operation of both are funded by the partner institutions and through NASA grants NNX09AH71G, NNX09AT02G, NNX10AI27G, and NNX12AE66G, CONACyT grants INFR2009- 01-122785, UNAM PAPIIT grant IN113810, and a UC MEXUS-CONACyT grant. Support for this research was provided by NASA through grants GO-12888 and GO-13030 from STScI. A.V.F. and his group at UC Berkeley also wish to acknowledge generous support from Gary and Cynthia Bengier, the Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund, the Christopher R. Redlich Fund, the TABASGO Foundation, and NSF grant AST1211916. Research by A.G. is supported by the EU/FP7 via ERC grant n 307260, " The Quantum Universe" I-Core program by the Israeli Committee for planning and budgeting, the ISF, GIF, and Minerva grants, and the Kimmel award. S.B. is supported by the Ilan Ramon Fellowship from ISA. A.A.M. acknowledges support for this work by NASA from a Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF-51325.01, awarded by STScI, operated by AURA, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 81 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 147 IS 2 AR 37 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/147/2/37 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291OD UT WOS:000329837100013 ER PT J AU Scott, JM Jones, LW Hornsby, WE Koelwyn, GJ Khouri, MG Joy, AA Douglas, PS Lakoski, SG AF Scott, Jessica M. Jones, Lee W. Hornsby, Whitney E. Koelwyn, Graeme J. Khouri, Michel G. Joy, Anil A. Douglas, Pamela S. Lakoski, Susan G. TI Cancer therapy-induced autonomic dysfunction in early breast cancer: Implications for aerobic exercise training SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Letter DE Exercise; Breast cancer; Autonomic function; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiotoxicity ID CHEMOTHERAPY C1 [Scott, Jessica M.] Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Jones, Lee W.; Hornsby, Whitney E.; Khouri, Michel G.; Douglas, Pamela S.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Koelwyn, Graeme J.] Univ British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada. [Joy, Anil A.] Univ Alberta, Cross Canc Inst, Dept Oncol, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Lakoski, Susan G.] Univ Vermont, Vermont Canc Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Scott, JM (reprint author), 2101 Nasa Pkwy, Houston, TX USA. EM jessica.m.scott@nasa.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R21 CA143254, CA133895, CA138634, CA143254, R01 CA138624, R01 CA142566, R21 CA133895, CA142566, R01 CA138634] NR 10 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0167-5273 EI 1874-1754 J9 INT J CARDIOL JI Int. J. Cardiol. PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 171 IS 2 BP E50 EP E51 DI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.11.113 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 293ON UT WOS:000329982200020 PM 24365613 ER PT J AU Nettles, AT Sabo, S AF Nettles, Alan Tate Sabo, Stosch TI Compression after impact strength of thin laminates with various percentage of 0 degrees plies SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Compression; damage tolerance; impact AB Conventional wisdom dictates that adding more 0 degrees plies in the load-bearing direction of a laminate will increase its stiffness and strength. While this is true for undamaged laminates, the compression strength of laminates with impact damage may not be as straightforward. In this study, compression after impact strengths of relatively thin laminates with 25%, 33% or 50% of plies aligned in the 0 degrees load-bearing direction were measured for three different damage severity levels. Results show that the increase in compression strength of the laminates with a higher percentage of plies in the 0 degrees direction is lessened as impact damage severity increases indicating that a laminate that is stronger in compression when undamaged may not be stronger in compression when impact damage is accounted for. C1 [Nettles, Alan Tate] NASA MSFC, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Sabo, Stosch] Winona State Univ, Dept Composite Mat Engn, Winona, MN USA. RP Nettles, AT (reprint author), NASA MSFC, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Bldg 4610, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM alan.t.nettles@nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the auspices of the Upper Stage Program Office at Marshall Space Flight Center [136905.08.05.12] FX This study was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the auspices of the Upper Stage Program Office at Marshall Space Flight Center (136905.08.05.12). NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 EI 1530-793X J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 48 IS 3 BP 345 EP 354 DI 10.1177/0021998312472219 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 291IT UT WOS:000329823100007 ER PT J AU Cohen, HS Mulavara, AP Peters, BT Sangi-Haghpeykar, H Bloomberg, JJ AF Cohen, Helen S. Mulavara, Ajitkumar P. Peters, Brian T. Sangi-Haghpeykar, Haleh Bloomberg, Jacob J. TI Standing Balance Tests for Screening People With Vestibular Impairments SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE Balance testing; screening; Romberg; vestibular testing ID TRUNK SWAY MEASURES; SENSORY INTERACTION; POSTURAL STABILITY; NORMATIVE DATA; AGE AB Objectives/HypothesisTo improve the test standards for a version of the Romberg test and to determine whether measuring kinematic variables improved its utility for screening. Study DesignHealthy controls and patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, postoperative acoustic neuroma resection, and chronic peripheral unilateral weakness were compared. MethodsSubjects wore Bluetooth-enabled inertial motion units while standing on the floor or medium-density, compliant foam, with eyes open or closed, with head still or moving in pitch or yaw. Dependent measures were time to perform each test condition, number of head movements made, and kinematic variables. ResultsPatients and controls did not differ significantly with eyes open or with eyes closed while on the floor. With eyes closed, on foam, some significant differences were found between patients and controls, especially for subjects older than 59 years. Head movement conditions were more challenging than with the head still. Significantly fewer patients than controls could make enough head movements to obtain kinematic measures. Kinematics indicated that lateral balance control is significantly reduced in these patients compared to controls. Receiver operator characteristics and sensitivity/specificity analyses showed moderately good differences with older subjects. ConclusionsTests on foam with eyes closed, with head still or moving, may be useful as part of a screening battery for vestibular impairments, especially for older people. Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 124:545-550, 2014 C1 [Cohen, Helen S.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Sangi-Haghpeykar, Haleh] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mulavara, Ajitkumar P.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX USA. [Peters, Brian T.] Wyle Sci Technol & Engn Grp, Houston, TX USA. [Bloomberg, Jacob J.] NASA, Neurosci Res Labs, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Cohen, HS (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Otolaryngol, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM hcohen@bcm.edu FU National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [1R01DC009031]; National Space Biomedical Research Institute through National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NCC 9-58 (SA02001)] FX Supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders grant 1R01DC009031 to H. S. C. and by a grant from the National Space Biomedical Research Institute through National Aeronautics and Space Administration NCC 9-58 (SA02001) to A.P.M. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0023-852X EI 1531-4995 J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD FEB PY 2014 VL 124 IS 2 BP 545 EP 550 DI 10.1002/lary.24314 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 292VE UT WOS:000329929900044 PM 23877965 ER PT J AU Sun, GS Tou, JC Yu, D Girten, BE Cohen, J AF Sun, Gwo-Shing Tou, Janet C. Yu, Diane Girten, Beverly E. Cohen, Jacob TI The past, present, and future of National Aeronautics and Space Administration spaceflight diet in support of microgravity rodent experiments SO NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE Rodent diet; Spaceflight; Nutrient-upgraded rodent food bars (NuRFB) ID FOOD BAR; FLIGHT; RATS; METABOLISM; SHUTTLE; MASS AB Rodents have been the most frequently flown animal model used to study physiological responses to the space environment. In support of future of space exploration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) envisions an animal research program focused on rodents. Therefore, the development of a rodent diet that is suitable for the spaceflight environment including long duration spaceflight is a high priority. Recognizing the importance of nutrition in affecting spaceflight physiological responses and ensuring reliable biomedical and biological science return, NASA developed the nutrient-upgraded rodent food bar (NuRFB) as a standard diet for rodent spaceflight Depending on future animal habitat hardware and planned spaceflight experiments, modification of the NuRFB or development of a new diet formulation may be needed, particularly for long term spaceflights. Research in this area consists primarily of internal technical reports that are not readily accessible. Therefore, the aims of this contribution are to provide a brief history of the development of rodent spaceflight diets, to review the present diet used in rodent spaceflight studies, and to discuss some of the challenges and potential solutions for diets to be used in future long-term rodent spaceflight studies. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Gwo-Shing] Lockheed Martin Explorat & Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94089 USA. [Tou, Janet C.] W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Nutr Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Yu, Diane] ASRC Res & Technol Solut Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Girten, Beverly E.; Cohen, Jacob] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Sun, GS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Explorat & Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94089 USA. EM gwo-shing.sun-1@nasa.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 EI 1873-1244 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD FEB PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2013.04.005 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 293BZ UT WOS:000329947700001 PM 24012282 ER PT J AU Khankhoje, UK Cwik, TA AF Khankhoje, Uday K. Cwik, Thomas A. TI A mesh reconfiguration scheme for speeding up Monte Carlo simulations of electromagnetic scattering by random rough surfaces SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Finite-element methods; Electromagnetic scattering by rough surfaces; Monte Carlo simulations AB Traditional methods of Monte Carlo simulations of random rough surface scattering that use the finite element method involve the generation of multiple meshes for the purpose of taking ensemble averages. We propose a mesh reconfiguration scheme that instead uses a single master mesh. The main idea is to locally modify only the air-surface interface region in the mesh for each instance of a random rough surface. This method achieves a four fold improvement in computation time without any loss of accuracy. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Khankhoje, Uday K.; Cwik, Thomas A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Khankhoje, UK (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM uday@alumni.caltech.edu; thomas.a.cwik@jpl.nasa.gov OI Khankhoje, Uday/0000-0002-9629-3922 FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 EI 1879-2944 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 185 IS 2 BP 445 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2013.03.005 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 287JG UT WOS:000329537500001 ER PT J AU Tonui, E Zolensky, M Hiroi, T Nakamura, T Lipschutz, ME Wang, MS Okudaira, K AF Tonui, Eric Zolensky, Mike Hiroi, Takahiro Nakamura, Tomoki Lipschutz, Michael E. Wang, Ming-Sheng Okudaira, Kyoko TI Petrographic, chemical and spectroscopic evidence for thermal metamorphism in carbonaceous chondrites I: CI and CM chondrites SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN ISOTOPES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; TAGISH LAKE; METEORITES; SERPENTINE; MINERALOGY; CLASSIFICATION; FORSTERITE; MATRIX AB We present a comprehensive description of petrologic, chemical and spectroscopic features of thermally metamorphosed CI-like and CM (and CM-like) chondrites. Only two such CI chondrites have so far been discovered i.e. Y-86029 and Y-82162. Thermal metamorphism in these chondrites is apparent in their low contents of H2O, C and the most thermally labile trace elements, partial dehydration of matrix phyllosilicates and abundance of thermally decomposed Ca-Mg-Fe-Mn carbonates, which apparently resulted from heating of Mg-Fe carbonate precursors. The CM chondrites exhibit a wide range of aqueous and thermal alteration characteristics. This alteration was almost complete in Y-86720 and Y-86789, which also escaped alternating episodes of oxidation and sulfidization experienced by the others. Thermal metamorphism in the CM chondrites is apparent in loss of thermally labile trace elements and also in partial to almost complete dehydration of matrix phyllosilicates: heating was less uniform in them than in CI chondrites. This dehydration is also evident in strength and shapes of integrated intensities of the 3 mu m bands except in PCA 91008, which experienced extensive terrestrial weathering. Tochilinite is absent in all but Y-793321 probably due to heating. Textural evidence for thermal metamorphism is conspicuous in blurring or integration/fusion of chondrules with matrix in the more extensively heated (>= 600 degrees C) CM chondrites like PCA 91008 and B-7904. TEM and XRD analyses reveal that phyllosilicate transformation to anhydrous phases proceeds via poorly crystalline, highly desiccated and disordered 'intermediate' phases in the least and moderately heated (400-600 degrees C) carbonaceous chondrites like WIS 91600, PCA 91008 and Y-86029. These findings are significant in that they confirm that these phases occur in meteorites as well as terrestrial samples. Thermal alteration in these meteorites can be used to identify other carbonaceous chondrites that were thermally metamorphosed in their parent bodies. Combining RNAA trace element data for experimentally heated Murchison CM2 samples with petrographic and spectroscopic data, these thermally metamorphosed carbonaceous chondrites can be ordered by severity of open system heating as 400 degrees C <= Y-793321 < WIS91600 = EET90043 = A881655 < PCA91008 < B-7904 = Y-86029 < Y-82162 < Y-86720 = Y-86789 >= 700 degrees C. Nearly all heated carbonaceous chondrites discovered so far have been found in Antarctica, which is known to have sampled the flux of near-Earth material for much longer than exemplified by current falls. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tonui, Eric] BP Upstream Res & Technol, Houston, TX 77079 USA. [Tonui, Eric; Zolensky, Mike] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Hiroi, Takahiro] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Nakamura, Tomoki] Tohoku Univ Aramaki, Dept Earth & Planetary Mat Sci, Fac Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Lipschutz, Michael E.; Wang, Ming-Sheng] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Okudaira, Kyoko] Univ Aizu, Aizu Wakamatsu, Fukushima 9658580, Japan. RP Zolensky, M (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM michael.e.zolensky@nasa.gov FU NASA's Origins of Solar Systems and Cosmochemistry Programs; DOE [DE-FG07-01ID14146]; NASA [NAGW-3396] FX This research has been carried out as part of the National Research Council (NRC) associateship award to E. K. T. M.E.Z was supported by grants by NASA's Origins of Solar Systems and Cosmochemistry Programs. We are grateful to Robert Clayton and Toshiko Mayeda for oxygen isotopic analysis of the newly-analyzed meteorites, and for a detailed review of the manuscript. An anonymous GCA reviewer significantly improved an earlier version of this paper. M. E. L also acknowledges with great appreciation the staff at the University of Missouri Research Reactor for aid in neutron irradiations, which were supported by DOE grant DE-FG07-01ID14146. Additional support for M. E. L was provided by NASA grant NAGW-3396. We are grateful to Hideyasu Kojima and NIPR for providing thin sections of some of the new carbonaceous chondrites. We are also grateful to Craig Schwandt for his assistance with technical aspects of electron microprobe and SEM work. We acknowledge NIPR and U.S. National Science Foundation for supporting the collection of Antarctic meteorites (via the Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions, JARE, and the Antarctic Search for Meteorites, ANSMET) which continue to provide us with invaluable samples for these studies. NR 71 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 126 BP 284 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2013.10.053 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 286YI UT WOS:000329504800017 ER PT J AU Ruane, AC McDermid, S Rosenzweig, C Baigorria, GA Jones, JW Romero, CC Cecil, LD AF Ruane, Alex C. McDermid, Sonali Rosenzweig, Cynthia Baigorria, Guillermo A. Jones, James W. Romero, Consuelo C. Cecil, L. DeWayne TI Carbon-Temperature-Water change analysis for peanut production under climate change: a prototype for the AgMIP Coordinated Climate-Crop Modeling Project (C3MP) SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AgMIP; agriculture; C3MP; climate change; climate impacts; crop model; carbon dioxide; temperature; and water; impacts response surface ID IMPACTS; YIELDS; UNCERTAINTIES; INFORMATION; WHEAT; US AB Climate change is projected to push the limits of cropping systems and has the potential to disrupt the agricultural sector from local to global scales. This article introduces the Coordinated Climate-Crop Modeling Project (C3MP), an initiative of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) to engage a global network of crop modelers to explore the impacts of climate change via an investigation of crop responses to changes in carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]), temperature, and water. As a demonstration of the C3MP protocols and enabled analyses, we apply the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) CROPGRO-Peanut crop model for Henry County, Alabama, to evaluate responses to the range of plausible [CO2], temperature changes, and precipitation changes projected by climate models out to the end of the 21st century. These sensitivity tests are used to derive crop model emulators that estimate changes in mean yield and the coefficient of variation for seasonal yields across a broad range of climate conditions, reproducing mean yields from sensitivity test simulations with deviations of ca. 2% for rain-fed conditions. We apply these statistical emulators to investigate how peanuts respond to projections from various global climate models, time periods, and emissions scenarios, finding a robust projection of modest (<10%) median yield losses in the middle of the 21st century accelerating to more severe (>20%) losses and larger uncertainty at the end of the century under the more severe representative concentration pathway (RCP8.5). This projection is not substantially altered by the selection of the AgMERRA global gridded climate dataset rather than the local historical observations, differences between the Third and Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5), or the use of the delta method of climate impacts analysis rather than the C3MP impacts response surface and emulator approach. C1 [Ruane, Alex C.; McDermid, Sonali; Rosenzweig, Cynthia] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Climate Impacts Grp, New York, NY 10025 USA. [McDermid, Sonali] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Baigorria, Guillermo A.; Romero, Consuelo C.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Baigorria, Guillermo A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE USA. [Jones, James W.] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. [Cecil, L. DeWayne] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Asheville, NC USA. RP Ruane, AC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Climate Impacts Grp, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM alexander.c.ruane@nasa.gov FU US Department of Agriculture; UK Department for International Development; UK Agency for International Development; NASA [NNX10AO10G] FX We thank the AgMIP Community and in particular the other members of the AgMIP Leadership Team for their useful feedback on early versions of the C3MP concept. We also thank Tim Carter for providing the initial motivation to investigate core agroclimatic sensitivity on a large scale, Reimund Rotter for helpful discussions in the early phases, and Matthew Jones, Davide Cammarano, Simona Bassu, and Gerrit Hoogenboom for their helpful comments on C3MP procedures. We also appreciate the comments provided by two anonymous reviewers. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. We thank the US Department of Agriculture and the UK Department for International Development and UK Agency for International Development for their support of AgMIP. Funding for the development of the Henry and Washington County peanut model simulations was provided by NASA under grant NNX10AO10G. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 20 IS 2 BP 394 EP 407 DI 10.1111/gcb.12412 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 284VQ UT WOS:000329349700006 PM 24115520 ER PT J AU Hilker, T Natsagdorj, E Waring, RH Lyapustin, A Wang, YJ AF Hilker, Thomas Natsagdorj, Enkhjargal Waring, Richard H. Lyapustin, Alexei Wang, Yujie TI Satellite observed widespread decline in Mongolian grasslands largely due to overgrazing SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE grassland decline; MAIAC; MODIS; Mongolia; NDVI; over-grazing; time-series ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER PROBLEM; GREENS-FUNCTION METHOD; NDVI TIME-SERIES; INNER-MONGOLIA; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; VEGETATION; MODIS; DESERTIFICATION; NONEQUILIBRIUM AB The Mongolian Steppe is one of the largest remaining grassland ecosystems. Recent studies have reported widespread decline of vegetation across the steppe and about 70% of this ecosystem is now considered degraded. Among the scientific community there has been an active debate about whether the observed degradation is related to climate, or over-grazing, or both. Here, we employ a new atmospheric correction and cloud screening algorithm (MAIAC) to investigate trends in satellite observed vegetation phenology. We relate these trends to changes in climate and domestic animal populations. A series of harmonic functions is fitted to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observed phenological curves to quantify seasonal and inter-annual changes in vegetation. Our results show a widespread decline (of about 12% on average) in MODIS observed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) across the country but particularly in the transition zone between grassland and the Gobi desert, where recent decline was as much as 40% below the 2002 mean NDVI. While we found considerable regional differences in the causes of landscape degradation, about 80% of the decline in NDVI could be attributed to increase in livestock. Changes in precipitation were able to explain about 30% of degradation across the country as a whole but up to 50% in areas with denser vegetation cover (P<0.05). Temperature changes, while significant, played only a minor role (r(2)=0.10, P<0.05). Our results suggest that the cumulative effect of overgrazing is a primary contributor to the degradation of the Mongolian steppe and is at least partially responsible for desertification reported in previous studies. C1 [Hilker, Thomas; Waring, Richard H.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Natsagdorj, Enkhjargal] Natl Univ Mongolia, Ulaanbatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Lyapustin, Alexei; Wang, Yujie] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, Yujie] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol JCET, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Hilker, T (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM thomas.hilker@oregonstate.edu RI Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014; Waring, Richared/C-4796-2014 OI Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739; Waring, Richared/0000-0003-2533-3664 FU NASA [NNX11A029G]; NASA Science of Terra and Aqua Program FX We would like to thank Dr. Paul Doescher (Oregon State University) for providing funding for Ms. Natsagdorj to work on this project. RHW contributions to this paper are an extension of his research supported by NASA grant NNX11A029G. The work of Drs. Lyapustin and Wang was supported by the NASA Science of Terra and Aqua Program. Thanks to the National Statistical Office of Mongolia and the Institute of Metrological Hydrology for providing meteorological and animal population data used in this study. We would like to thank Drs. Woodcock and Zhu for helpful discusions regarding the harmonic functions used to fit the time series of satellite data in this study. NR 61 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 9 U2 124 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 20 IS 2 BP 418 EP 428 DI 10.1111/gcb.12365 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 284VQ UT WOS:000329349700008 PM 23966315 ER PT J AU Jin, ZH Wallace, TT Lad, RJ Su, J AF Jin, Zhi-He Wallace, Travis T. Lad, Robert J. Su, Ji TI Energy Conversion Efficiency of an Exponentially Graded Thermoelectric Material SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Thermoelectric material; functionally graded material; energy conversion efficiency ID POWER-GENERATION; SPACE; PBTE; FGM AB This work describes an analytical model that predicts the effects of property gradients on the energy conversion efficiency of a functionally graded thermoelectric material (FGTEM) with an exponentially varying Seebeck coefficient S, electrical resistivity rho, and thermal conductivity k. The figure-of-merit parameter, Z = S (2)/(rho k), thus also varies exponentially. A closed-form solution for the temperature distribution in the FGTEM and the efficiency as a function of current density are obtained. The peak efficiency and the optimal current density are determined from the efficiency solution. It is found that the efficiency may be increased by about 30% using appropriate property gradients. C1 [Jin, Zhi-He; Wallace, Travis T.] Univ Maine, Dept Mech Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Lad, Robert J.] Univ Maine, Lab Surface Sci & Technol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Su, Ji] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Jin, ZH (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Mech Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM zhihe.jin@maine.edu FU Maine Space Grant Consortium Research Infrastructure Seed Grant Program FX This work has been supported by the Maine Space Grant Consortium Research Infrastructure Seed Grant Program. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 2 BP 308 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s11664-013-2868-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 289BR UT WOS:000329656700002 ER PT J AU Bensalem, S Havelund, K Orlandini, A AF Bensalem, Saddek Havelund, Klaus Orlandini, Andrea TI Verification and validation meet planning and scheduling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER LA English DT Editorial Material DE Verification and validation; Planning and scheduling; Model checking; Theorem proving; Testing; Monitoring AB A planning and scheduling (P & S) system takes as input a domain model and a goal, and produces a plan of actions to be executed, which will achieve the goal. A P & S system typically also offers plan execution and monitoring engines. Due to the non-deterministic nature of planning problems, it is a challenge to construct correct and reliable P & S systems, including, for example, declarative domain models. Verification and validation (V & V) techniques have been applied to address these issues. Furthermore, V & V systems have been applied to actually perform planning, and conversely, P & S systems have been applied to perform V & V of more traditional software. This article overviews some of the literature on the fruitful interaction between V & V and P & S. C1 [Bensalem, Saddek] Verimag Lab, Grenoble, France. [Havelund, Klaus] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Orlandini, Andrea] CNR, ISTC CNR, Rome, Italy. RP Orlandini, A (reprint author), CNR, ISTC CNR, Rome, Italy. EM saddek.bensalem@imag.fr; klaus.havelund@jpl.nasa.gov; andrea.orlandini@istc.cnr.it RI Orlandini, Andrea/N-8160-2015 OI Orlandini, Andrea/0000-0001-6458-5202 NR 84 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1433-2779 EI 1433-2787 J9 INT J SOFTW TOOLS TE JI Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s10009-013-0294-x PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA V43HQ UT WOS:000209672900001 ER PT J AU LeBlanc, A Matsumoto, T Jones, J Shapiro, J Lang, T Shackelford, L Smith, S Evans, H Spector, E Ploutz-Snyder, R Sibonga, J Keyak, J Nakamura, T Kohri, K Ohshima, H Moralez, G AF LeBlanc, Adrian Matsumoto, Toshio Jones, Jeffrey Shapiro, Jay Lang, Thomas Shackelford, Linda Smith, Scott Evans, Harlan Spector, Elisabeth Ploutz-Snyder, Robert Sibonga, Jean Keyak, Joyce Nakamura, Toshitaka Kohri, Kenjiro Ohshima, Hiroshi Moralez, Gilbert TI Bisphosphonate ISS Flight Experiment SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 12-15, 2014 CL Houston, TX SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [LeBlanc, Adrian; Jones, Jeffrey] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Matsumoto, Toshio] Univ Tokushima, Grad Sch Med Sci, Tokushima, Japan. [Shapiro, Jay] Johns Hopkins, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lang, Thomas] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Shackelford, Linda] NASA JSC, Houston, TX USA. [Smith, Scott; Sibonga, Jean] NASA, Houston, TX USA. [Evans, Harlan; Spector, Elisabeth] Wyle, Arlington, VA USA. [Ploutz-Snyder, Robert] USRA, New York, NY USA. [Keyak, Joyce] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Radiol Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Nakamura, Toshitaka] Natl Ctr Global Hlth & Med, Tokyo, Japan. [Kohri, Kenjiro] Nagoya City Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Ohshima, Hiroshi] JAXASpace Biomed Res Off, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Moralez, Gilbert] UNTHSC, Ft Worth, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0884-0431 EI 1523-4681 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 29 SU 1 MA SU0386 BP S323 EP S324 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CK9ZS UT WOS:000356598702075 ER PT J AU Shirazi-Fard, Y Alwood, J Castillo, A Globus, R AF Shirazi-Fard, Yasaman Alwood, Joshua Castillo, Alesha Globus, Ruth TI Mechanical Loading as an Anabolic Stimulus After Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 12-15, 2014 CL Houston, TX SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Shirazi-Fard, Yasaman; Alwood, Joshua; Globus, Ruth] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Castillo, Alesha] VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0884-0431 EI 1523-4681 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 29 SU 1 MA MO0047 BP S366 EP S366 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CK9ZS UT WOS:000356598702204 ER PT J AU Sibonga, J Spector, E Ploutz-Snyder, R Evans, H King, L Watts, N Hans, D Smith, S AF Sibonga, Jean Spector, Elisabeth Ploutz-Snyder, Robert Evans, Harlan King, Lisa Watts, Nelson Hans, Didier Smith, Scott TI Combined Effects of Spaceflight and Age in Astronauts as Assessed by Areal Bone Mineral Density [BMD] and Trabecular Bone Score [TBS]. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 12-15, 2014 CL Houston, TX SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Sibonga, Jean] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Spector, Elisabeth; Evans, Harlan; King, Lisa; Smith, Scott] Wyle, New York, NY USA. [Ploutz-Snyder, Robert] USRA, Washington, DC USA. [Watts, Nelson] Mercy Hlth Osteoporosis & Bone Hlth Serv, Bronx, NY USA. [Hans, Didier] Univ Lausanne Hosp, Lausanne, Switzerland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0884-0431 EI 1523-4681 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 29 SU 1 MA SU0411 BP S332 EP S332 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CK9ZS UT WOS:000356598702098 ER PT J AU Hartwig, J Mann, JA AF Hartwig, Jason Mann, J. Adin TI Bubble Point Pressures of Binary Methanol/Water Mixtures in Fine-Mesh Screens SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aqueous solutions; porous media; thermodynamics; classical; interfacial processes; multiphase flow ID LIQUIDS; THERMODYNAMICS; TENSION; PHASES; SOLIDS; ENERGY; WATER AB Binary methanol/water mixture bubble point tests involving three samples of fine-mesh, stainless steel screens as porous liquid acquisition devices are presented in this article. Contact angles are measured as a function of methanol mass fraction using the Sessile Drop technique. Pretest predictions are based on a Langmuir isotherm fit. Predictions and data match for methanol mole fractions greater than 50% when pore diameters are based on pure liquid tests. For all three screens, bubble point is shown to be a maximum at a methanol mole fraction of 50%. Model and data are in disagreement for mole fractions less than 50%, which is attributed to variations between surface and bulk fluid properties. A critical Zisman surface tension value of 23.2 mN/m is estimated, below which contact angles can be assumed to be zero. Solid/vapor and solid/liquid interfacial tensions are also estimated using the equation of state analysis from Neumann and Good. Published 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 730-739, 2014 C1 [Hartwig, Jason] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Propellants & Prop Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Mann, J. Adin] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Hartwig, J (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Propellants & Prop Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Jason.W.Hartwig@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0001-1541 EI 1547-5905 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 60 IS 2 BP 730 EP 739 DI 10.1002/aic.14293 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 286QQ UT WOS:000329484200028 ER PT J AU Jarnevich, CS Esaias, WE Ma, PLA Morisette, JT Nickeson, JE Stohlgren, TJ Holcombe, TR Nightingale, JM Wolfe, RE Tan, B AF Jarnevich, Catherine S. Esaias, Wayne E. Ma, Peter L. A. Morisette, Jeffery T. Nickeson, Jaime E. Stohlgren, Thomas J. Holcombe, Tracy R. Nightingale, Joanne M. Wolfe, Robert E. Tan, Bin TI Regional distribution models with lack of proximate predictors: Africanized honeybees expanding north SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Africanized honeybee; Apis mellifera; habitat suitability; species distribution modelling; vegetation phenology ID HABITAT SUITABILITY MODELS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BEES; ACCURACY; INVASION; RANGE AB AimSpecies distribution models have often been hampered by poor local species data, reliance on coarse-scale climate predictors and the assumption that species-environment relationships, even with non-proximate predictors, are consistent across geographical space. Yet locally accurate maps of invasive species, such as the Africanized honeybee (AHB) in North America, are needed to support conservation efforts. Current AHB range maps are relatively coarse and are inconsistent with observed data. Our aim was to improve distribution maps using more proximate predictors (phenology) and using regional models rather than one across the entire range of interest to explore potential differences in drivers. LocationUnited States of America. MethodsWe provide a generalized framework for regional and local species distribution modelling with our more nuanced and spatially detailed forecast of potential AHB spread using multiple habitat modelling techniques and newly derived remotely sensed phenology layers. ResultsVariable importance did differ between the two regions for which we modelled AHB. Phenology metrics were important, especially in the south-east. Main conclusionsResults demonstrate that incorporating a combination of both climate drivers and vegetation phenology information into models can be important for predicting the suitable habitat range of these pollinators. Regional models may provide evidence of differing drivers of distributions geographically. This framework may improve many local and regional species distribution modelling efforts. C1 [Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Morisette, Jeffery T.; Stohlgren, Thomas J.; Holcombe, Tracy R.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Esaias, Wayne E.; Wolfe, Robert E.; Tan, Bin] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Ma, Peter L. A.; Nickeson, Jaime E.; Nightingale, Joanne M.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr Sigma Space, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Jarnevich, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jarnevichc@usgs.gov RI Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012 OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855 FU NASA Applied Sciences Program; USGS FX This research is funded by the NASA Applied Sciences Program and USGS. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank R. Grantham, J. Hayes, A. Szalaski and the USDA for providing AHB location information. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 20 IS 2 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1111/ddi.12143 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 287AH UT WOS:000329509900007 ER PT J AU Gnoffo, PA AF Gnoffo, Peter A. TI Global series solutions of nonlinear differential equations with shocks using Walsh functions SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Closure; Walsh function; Haar wavelet; Shock capturing; Burger's equation; Nozzle; Euler AB An orthonormal basis set composed of Walsh functions is used for deriving global solutions (valid over the entire domain) to nonlinear differential equations that include discontinuities. Function g(n)(x) of the set, a scaled Walsh function in sequency order, is comprised of n piecewise constant values (square waves) across the domain x(a) <= x <= x(b). Only two square wave lengths are allowed in any function and a new derivation of the basis functions applies a fractal-like algorithm (infinitely self-similar) focused on the distribution of wave lengths. This distribution is determined by a recursive folding algorithm that propagates fundamental symmetries to successive values of Ti. Functions, including those with discontinuities, may be represented on the domain as a series in g(n)(x) with no occurrence of a Gibbs phenomenon (ringing) across the discontinuity. A much more powerful, self-mapping characteristic of the series is closure under multiplication - the product of any two Walsh functions is also a Walsh function. This self-mapping characteristic transforms the solution of nonlinear differential equations to the solution of systems of polynomial equations if the original nonlinearities can be represented as products of the dependent variables and the convergence of the series for n -> infinity can be demonstrated. Fundamental operations (reciprocal, integral, derivative) on Walsh function series representations of functions with discontinuities are defined. Examples are presented for solution of the time dependent Burger's equation and for quasi-one-dimensional nozzle flow including a shock. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Gnoffo, PA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 408A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM peter.a.gnoffo@nasa.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 258 BP 650 EP 688 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2013.10.054 PG 39 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 281RK UT WOS:000329118500035 ER PT J AU Curran, PA Coriat, M Miller-Jones, JCA Armstrong, RP Edwards, PG Sivakoff, GR Woudt, P Altamirano, D Belloni, TM Corbel, S Fender, RP Kording, EG Krimm, HA Markoff, S Migliari, S Russell, DM Stevens, J Tzioumis, T AF Curran, P. A. Coriat, M. Miller-Jones, J. C. A. Armstrong, R. P. Edwards, P. G. Sivakoff, G. R. Woudt, P. Altamirano, D. Belloni, T. M. Corbel, S. Fender, R. P. Kording, E. G. Krimm, H. A. Markoff, S. Migliari, S. Russell, D. M. Stevens, J. Tzioumis, T. TI The evolving polarized jet of black hole candidate Swift J1745-26 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; stars: individual: Swift J1745-26; stars: individual: Swift J174510; 8-262411; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: bursts ID X-RAY BINARIES; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; GX 339-4; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; LOW/HARD STATE; COMPACT JET; RELATIVISTIC EJECTIONS; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; FARADAY-ROTATION AB Swift J1745-26 is an X-ray binary towards the Galactic Centre that was detected when it went into outburst in 2012 September. This source is thought to be one of a growing number of sources that display 'failed outbursts', in which the self-absorbed radio jets of the transient source are never fully quenched and the thermal emission from the geometrically thin inner accretion disc never fully dominates the X-ray flux. We present multifrequency data from the Very Large Array, Australia Telescope Compact Array and Karoo Array Telescope (KAT-7) radio arrays, spanning the entire period of the outburst. Our rich data set exposes radio emission that displays a high level of large-scale variability compared to the X-ray emission and deviations from the standard radio-X-ray correlation that are indicative of an unstable jet and confirm the outburst's transition from the canonical hard state to an intermediate state. We also observe steepening of the spectral index and an increase of the linear polarization to a large fraction (approximate to 50 per cent) of the total flux, as well as a rotation of the electric vector position angle. These are consistent with a transformation from a self-absorbed compact jet to optically thin ejecta - the first time such a discrete ejection has been observed in a failed outburst - and may imply a complex magnetic field geometry. C1 [Curran, P. A.; Miller-Jones, J. C. A.] Curtin Univ, Int Ctr Radio Astron Res, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Coriat, M.; Armstrong, R. P.; Woudt, P.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Astron, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Armstrong, R. P.] SKA South Africa, ZA-7405 Pinelands, South Africa. [Edwards, P. G.; Tzioumis, T.] Australia Telescope Natl Facil, CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Sivakoff, G. R.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. [Sivakoff, G. R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Altamirano, D.; Markoff, S.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Belloni, T. M.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, Italy. [Corbel, S.] CEA DSM IRFU SAp, Lab AIM CEA IRFU CNRS INSU Univ Paris Diderot, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Corbel, S.] Inst Univ France, F-75005 Paris, France. [Fender, R. P.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Kording, E. G.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, NL-6525 KL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Krimm, H. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Krimm, H. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Migliari, S.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Russell, D. M.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. [Russell, D. M.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [Stevens, J.] Australia Telescope Natl Facil, CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia. RP Curran, PA (reprint author), Curtin Univ, Int Ctr Radio Astron Res, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. EM peter.curran@curtin.edu.au RI Curran, Peter/B-5293-2013; Sivakoff, Gregory/G-9602-2011; Miller-Jones, James/B-2411-2013; OI Curran, Peter/0000-0003-3003-4626; Sivakoff, Gregory/0000-0001-6682-916X; Miller-Jones, James/0000-0003-3124-2814; Russell, David/0000-0002-3500-631X FU Australian Research Council [DP120102393]; National Research Foundation (NRF) through an SKA SA Fellowship; NSERC; UnivEarthS Labex [ANR-10-LABX-0023, ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02]; Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship [IEF 274805]; Commonwealth of Australia FX We thank A. H. Bridle for useful discussions on magnetic field geometries and J. P. Macquart for useful discussions on the estimates of polarization. We also thank T. Hovatta for her assistance with OVRO observations. This work was supported by Australian Research Council grant DP120102393. MC and RPA acknowledge the financial assistance of the National Research Foundation (NRF) through an SKA SA Fellowship. GRS is supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant. SC acknowledges the financial support from the UnivEarthS Labex programme of Sorbonne Paris Cite (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02). DMR acknowledges support from a Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme under contract no. IEF 274805. The Australia Telescope Compact Array is part of the Australia Telescope National Facility which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System and the SIMBAD data base, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. Swift XRT data were supplied by the UK Swift Science Data Centre at the University of Leicester and Swift BAT transient monitor results were provided by the Swift/BAT team. NR 85 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 437 IS 4 BP 3265 EP 3273 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt2125 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 282MX UT WOS:000329177100021 ER PT J AU Merloni, A Bongiorno, A Brusa, M Iwasawa, K Mainieri, V Magnelli, B Salvato, M Berta, S Cappelluti, N Comastri, A Fiore, F Gilli, R Koekemoer, A Le Floc'h, E Lusso, E Lutz, D Miyaji, T Pozzi, F Riguccini, L Rosario, DJ Silverman, J Symeonidis, M Treister, E Vignali, C Zamorani, G AF Merloni, A. Bongiorno, A. Brusa, M. Iwasawa, K. Mainieri, V. Magnelli, B. Salvato, M. Berta, S. Cappelluti, N. Comastri, A. Fiore, F. Gilli, R. Koekemoer, A. Le Floc'h, E. Lusso, E. Lutz, D. Miyaji, T. Pozzi, F. Riguccini, L. Rosario, D. J. Silverman, J. Symeonidis, M. Treister, E. Vignali, C. Zamorani, G. TI The incidence of obscuration in active galactic nuclei SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE catalogues; surveys; galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: fundamental parameters ID RAY SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; WIDE-FIELD SURVEY; BRIGHT SERENDIPITOUS SURVEY; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; ABSORPTION-LINE QUASARS; STAR-FORMATION RATE; X-RAY; COSMOS FIELD; SEYFERT-GALAXIES AB We study the incidence of nuclear obscuration on a complete sample of 1310 active galactic nuclei (AGN) selected on the basis of their rest-frame 2-10 keV X-ray flux from the XMM-COSMOS survey, in the redshift range 0.3 < z < 3.5. We classify the AGN as obscured or unobscured on the basis of either the optical spectral properties and the overall SED or the shape of the X-ray spectrum. The two classifications agree in about 70 per cent of the objects, and the remaining 30 per cent can be further subdivided into two distinct classes: at low luminosities X-ray unobscured AGN do not always show signs of broad lines or blue/UV continuum emission in their optical spectra, most likely due to galaxy dilution effects; at high-luminosities broad-line AGN may have absorbed X-ray spectra, which hints at an increased incidence of small-scale (sub-parsec) dust-free obscuration. We confirm that the fraction of obscured AGN is a decreasing function of the intrinsic X-ray luminosity, while the incidence of absorption shows significant evolution only for the most luminous AGN, which appear to be more commonly obscured at higher redshift. We find no significant difference between the mean stellar masses and star formation rates of obscured and unobscured AGN hosts. We conclude that the physical state of the medium responsible for obscuration in AGN is complex and mainly determined by the radiation environment (nuclear luminosity) in a small region enclosed within the gravitational sphere of influence of the central black hole, but is largely insensitive to the wider scale galactic conditions. C1 [Merloni, A.; Brusa, M.; Salvato, M.; Berta, S.; Lutz, D.; Rosario, D. J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Bongiorno, A.; Fiore, F.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Brusa, M.; Pozzi, F.; Vignali, C.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Brusa, M.; Cappelluti, N.; Fiore, F.; Zamorani, G.] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Iwasawa, K.] Univ Barcelona, ICREA, IEEC UB, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Iwasawa, K.] Univ Barcelona, ICC, IEEC UB, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Mainieri, V.] European So Observ, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Magnelli, B.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Koekemoer, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Le Floc'h, E.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM Paris Saclay, CEA DSM Irfu, CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Lusso, E.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Miyaji, T.] UNAM, Inst Astron, Ensenada 92143, Baja California, Mexico. [Miyaji, T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Riguccini, L.] NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Silverman, J.] Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwashi, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Symeonidis, M.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Symeonidis, M.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Treister, E.] Univ Concepcion, Dept Astron, Concepcion, Chile. RP Merloni, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM am@mpe.mpg.de RI Vignali, Cristian/J-4974-2012; Comastri, Andrea/O-9543-2015; Gilli, Roberto/P-1110-2015; OI Vignali, Cristian/0000-0002-8853-9611; Comastri, Andrea/0000-0003-3451-9970; Gilli, Roberto/0000-0001-8121-6177; Bongiorno, Angela/0000-0002-0101-6624; Fiore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-4031-4157; Cappelluti, Nico/0000-0002-1697-186X; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048; Zamorani, Giovanni/0000-0002-2318-301X FU INAF fellowship programme; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) [AYA2010-21782-C03-01] FX We thank K. Nandra, M. Brightman, J. Buchner and M. Elitzur for useful discussions, and the referee, Andy Lawrence, for his insightful comments and suggestions. AM and MS acknowledge financial support from the DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and structure of the universe' (www. universe-cluster. de). AB is supported by the INAF fellowship programme. KI thanks support from Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) through the grant AYA2010-21782-C03-01. AC acknowledges financial contribution from the agreements ASI-INAF I/009/10/0 and INAF-PRIN 2011. The HST COSMOS Treasury programme was supported through the NASA grant HST-GO-09822. This work is mainly based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA Science Mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and the USA (NASA), and with the European Southern Observatory under Large Program 175. A-0839, Chile. In Germany, the XMM-Newton project is supported by the Bundesministerium furWirtschaft und Technologie/Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt (BMWI/DLR, FKZ 50 OX 0001), the Max-Planck Society and the Heidenhain-Stiftung. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA. PACS has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by MPE (Germany) and including UVIE (Austria); KU Leuven, CSL, IMEC (Belgium); CEA, LAM (France); MPIA (Germany); INAF-IFSI/OAA/OAP/OAT, LENS, SISSA (Italy) and IAC (Spain). This development has been supported by the funding agencies BMVIT (Austria), ESA-PRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI/INAF (Italy) and CICYT/MCYT (Spain). We acknowledge the use of the TOPCAT software (http://www. starlink. ac. uk/topcat/). We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the entire COSMOS collaboration; more information on the COSMOS survey is available at http://www. astro. caltech. edu/cosmos. NR 129 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 437 IS 4 BP 3550 EP 3567 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt2149 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 282MX UT WOS:000329177100042 ER PT J AU Ingallinera, A Trigilio, C Umana, G Leto, P Noriega-Crespo, A Flagey, N Paladini, R Agliozzo, C Buemi, CS AF Ingallinera, A. Trigilio, C. Umana, G. Leto, P. Noriega-Crespo, A. Flagey, N. Paladini, R. Agliozzo, C. Buemi, C. S. TI A radio characterization of Galactic compact bubbles SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: evolution; planetary nebulae: general; radio continuum: general ID NEAR-INFRARED SURVEY; WOLF-RAYET STARS; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; CIRCUMSTELLAR SHELLS; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; MASSIVE STARS; WR STARS; MU-M; CATALOG; DISCOVERY AB We report the radio observations of a subsample of the 428 Galactic compact bubbles discovered at 24 mu m with the MIPSGAL survey. Pervasive through the entire Galactic plane, these objects are thought to be different kinds of evolved stars. The very large majority of the bubbles (similar to 70 per cent) are however not yet classified. We conducted radio observations with the Expanded Very Large Array at 6 and 20 cm in order to obtain the spectral index of 55 bubbles. We found that at least 70 per cent of the 31 bubbles for which we were effectively able to compute the spectral index (or its lower limit) are likely to be thermal emitters. We were also able to resolve some bubbles, obtaining that the size of the radio nebula is usually similar to the IR size, although our low resolution (with respect to IR images) did not allow further morphological studies. Comparisons between radio flux densities and IR archive data from Spitzer and IRAS suggest that at least three unclassified bubbles can be treated as planetary nebula candidates. C1 [Ingallinera, A.; Agliozzo, C.] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Trigilio, C.; Umana, G.; Leto, P.; Buemi, C. S.] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Noriega-Crespo, A.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Flagey, N.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Paladini, R.] CALTECH, NASA Herschel Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Ingallinera, A (reprint author), Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy. EM ingallinera@oact.inaf.it OI Buemi, Carla Simona/0000-0002-7288-4613; Umana, Grazia/0000-0002-6972-8388; Leto, Paolo/0000-0003-4864-2806 FU NASA FX This work is based on observations made with the Very Large Array of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities Inc., and on data products from the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Archive search made use of the SIMBAD data base and the VizieR catalogue access tool, operated by the Centre de Donnees astronomique de Strasbourg. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 437 IS 4 BP 3626 EP 3638 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt2157 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 282MX UT WOS:000329177100048 ER PT J AU Klus, H Ho, WCG Coe, MJ Corbet, RHD Townsend, LJ AF Klus, H. Ho, W. C. G. Coe, M. J. Corbet, R. H. D. Townsend, L. J. TI Spin period change and the magnetic fields of neutron stars in Be X-ray binaries in the Small Magellanic Cloud SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; stars: magnetic field; stars: neutron; pulsars: general; X-rays: binaries ID CYCLOTRON LINE ENERGY; XMM-NEWTON SURVEY; SCATTERING FEATURE; GAMMA-CASSIOPEIAE; ACCRETION DISKS; ORBITAL PERIOD; PULSAR; DISCOVERY; SPECTRUM; OUTBURST AB We report on the long-term average spin period, rate of change of spin period and X-ray luminosity during outbursts for 42 Be X-ray binary systems in the Small Magellanic Cloud. We also collect and calculate parameters of each system and use these data to determine that all systems contain a neutron star which is accreting via a disc, rather than a wind, and that if these neutron stars are near spin equilibrium, then over half of them, including all with spin periods over about 100 s, have magnetic fields over the quantum critical level of 4.4 x 10(13) G. If these neutron stars are not close to spin equilibrium, then their magnetic fields are inferred to be much lower, of the order of 10(6)-10(10) G, comparable to the fields of neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries. Both results are unexpected and have implications for the rate of magnetic field decay and the isolated neutron star population. C1 [Klus, H.; Ho, W. C. G.; Coe, M. J.; Townsend, L. J.] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Corbet, R. H. D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Xray Astrophys Lab, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Klus, H (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM hvk1g11@soton.ac.uk FU Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) in the United Kingdom; STFC; University of Southampton Mayflower scholarship FX We would like to thank the anonymous referee whose helpful suggestions have improved the quality of the paper. HK acknowledges a studentship from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) in the United Kingdom. WCGH acknowledges support from STFC. LJT acknowledges support from the University of Southampton Mayflower scholarship. NR 73 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 437 IS 4 BP 3863 EP 3882 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt2192 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 282MX UT WOS:000329177100068 ER PT J AU Mital, SK Goldberg, RK Bonacuse, PJ AF Mital, Subodh K. Goldberg, Robert K. Bonacuse, Peter J. TI Two-dimensional non-linear finite element analysis of CMC microstructures SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); Microstructures; Finite element analysis; Non-linear analysis AB A research program has been developed to quantify the effects of the microstructure of a woven ceramic matrix composite and its variability on the effective properties and response of the material. In order to characterize and quantify the variations in the microstructure of a five harness satin weave, chemical vapor infiltrated (CVI) SiC/SiC composite material, specimens were serially sectioned and polished to capture images that detailed the fiber tows, matrix, and porosity. Open source quantitative image analysis tools were then used to isolate the constituents, from which two dimensional finite element models were generated which approximated the actual specimen section geometry. A simplified elastic-plastic model, wherein all stress above yield is redistributed to lower stress regions, is used to approximate the progressive damage behavior for each of the composite constituents. Finite element analyses under in-plane tensile loading were performed to examine how the variability in the local microstructure affected the macroscopic stress-strain response of the material as well as the local initiation and progression of damage. The macroscopic stress-strain response appeared to be minimally affected by the variation in local microstructure, but the locations where damage initiated and propagated appeared to be linked to specific aspects of the local microstructure. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mital, Subodh K.] Univ Toledo, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Goldberg, Robert K.; Bonacuse, Peter J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Mital, SK (reprint author), Univ Toledo, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Mail Stop 49-7, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM subodh.k.mital@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 EI 1879-1069 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 57 BP 144 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.09.009 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 277EG UT WOS:000328801200020 ER PT J AU Tian, YD Peters-Lidard, CD Harrison, KW Prigent, C Norouzi, H Aires, F Boukabara, SA Furuzawa, FA Masunaga, H AF Tian, Yudong Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Harrison, Kenneth W. Prigent, Catherine Norouzi, Hamidreza Aires, Filipe Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed Furuzawa, Fumie A. Masunaga, Hirohiko TI Quantifying Uncertainties in Land-Surface Microwave Emissivity Retrievals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Brightness temperature; land-surface emissivity; measurement uncertainty; microwave radiometry; random errors; remote sensing; systematic errors ID SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; SSM/I OBSERVATIONS; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; CALIBRATION; DESERTS; MODEL; GLOBE; GHZ AB Uncertainties in the retrievals of microwave land-surface emissivities are quantified over two types of land surfaces: desert and tropical rainforest. Retrievals from satellite-based microwave imagers, including the Special Sensor Microwave Imager, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager, and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System, are studied. Our results show that there are considerable differences between the retrievals from different sensors and from different groups over these two land-surface types. In addition, the mean emissivity values show different spectral behavior across the frequencies. With the true emissivity assumed largely constant over both of the two sites throughout the study period, the differences are largely attributed to the systematic and random errors in the retrievals. Generally, these retrievals tend to agree better at lower frequencies than at higher ones, with systematic differences ranging 1%-4% (3-12 K) over desert and 1%-7% (3-20 K) over rainforest. The random errors within each retrieval dataset are in the range of 0.5%-2% (2-6 K). In particular, at 85.5/89.0 GHz, there are very large differences between the different retrieval datasets, and within each retrieval dataset itself. Further investigation reveals that these differences are most likely caused by rain/cloud contamination, which can lead to random errors up to 10-17 K under the most severe conditions. C1 [Tian, Yudong; Harrison, Kenneth W.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Prigent, Catherine] CNRS, Observ Paris, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys, F-75007 Paris, France. [Norouzi, Hamidreza] CUNY, New York City Coll Technol, New York, NY 11201 USA. [Aires, Filipe] Estellus, New York, NY 10022 USA. [Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Furuzawa, Fumie A.; Masunaga, Hirohiko] Nagoya Univ, Hydrospher Atmospher Res Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Tian, YD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM yudong.tian@nasa.gov; christa.peters@nasa.gov; Kenneth.W.Harrison@nasa.gov; catherine.prigent@obspm.fr; hnorouzi@citytech.cuny.edu; filipe.aires@estellus-usa.com; sid.boukabara@noaa.gov; akimoto@hyarc.nagoya-u.ac.jp; masunaga@hyarc.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010; Masunaga, Hirohiko/C-2488-2008; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; PMM, JAXA/K-8537-2016; OI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806; Masunaga, Hirohiko/0000-0002-6336-5002; Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876; Norouzi, Hamid/0000-0003-0405-5108 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Precipitation Science Program under Solicitation [NNH09ZDA001N] FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Precipitation Science Program under Solicitation NNH09ZDA001N. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2014 VL 52 IS 2 BP 829 EP 840 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2244214 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 279DT UT WOS:000328941300004 ER PT J AU Cao, CY De Luccia, FJ Xiong, XX Wolfe, R Weng, FZ AF Cao, Changyong De Luccia, Frank J. Xiong, Xiaoxiong Wolfe, Robert Weng, Fuzhong TI Early On-Orbit Performance of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Onboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) Satellite SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Earth observing satellite; imaging radiometer; postlaunch calibration/validation; remote sensing; Suomi-NPP; VIIRS ID VIIRS; MODIS; CALIBRATION AB The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is one of the key environmental remote-sensing instruments onboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership spacecraft, which was successfully launched on October 28, 2011 from the Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. Following a series of spacecraft and sensor activation operations, the VIIRS nadir door was opened on November 21, 2011. The first VIIRS image acquired signifies a new generation of operational moderate resolution-imaging capabilities following the legacy of the advanced very high-resolution radiometer series on NOAA satellites and Terra and Aqua Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer for NASA's Earth Observing system. VIIRS provides significant enhancements to the operational environmental monitoring and numerical weather forecasting, with 22 imaging and radiometric bands covering wavelengths from 0.41 to 12.5 microns, providing the sensor data records for 23 environmental data records including aerosol, cloud properties, fire, albedo, snow and ice, vegetation, sea surface temperature, ocean color, and nigh-time visible-light-related applications. Preliminary results from the on-orbit verification in the postlaunch check-out and intensive calibration and validation have shown that VIIRS is performing well and producing high-quality images. This paper provides an overview of the on-orbit performance of VIIRS, the calibration/validation (cal/val) activities and methodologies used. It presents an assessment of the sensor initial on-orbit calibration and performance based on the efforts from the VIIRS-SDR team. Known anomalies, issues, and future calibration efforts, including the long-term monitoring, and intercalibration are also discussed. C1 [Cao, Changyong; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [De Luccia, Frank J.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Wolfe, Robert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM changyong.cao@noaa.gov; frank.j.deluccia@aero.org; xiaoxiong.xiong-1@nasa.gov; robert.e.wolfe@nasa.gov; fuzhong.weng@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU JPSS Program Office FX This work was supported in part by the JPSS Program Office. NR 41 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 7 U2 49 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2014 VL 52 IS 2 BP 1142 EP 1156 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2247768 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 279DT UT WOS:000328941300030 ER PT J AU Kim, SB Moghaddam, M Tsang, L Burgin, M Xu, XL Njoku, EG AF Kim, Seung-Bum Moghaddam, Mahta Tsang, Leung Burgin, Mariko Xu, Xiaolan Njoku, Eni G. TI Models of L-Band Radar Backscattering Coefficients Over Global Terrain for Soil Moisture Retrieval SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Radar scattering model; soil moisture; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; MICROWAVE BACKSCATTERING; INVERSION TECHNIQUE; WATER-CONTENT; BARE SURFACE; VEGETATION; CANOPIES; SAR; ALGORITHM; MISSION AB Physical models for radar backscattering coefficients are developed for the global land surface at L-band (1.26 GHz) and 40 degrees incidence angle to apply to the soil moisture retrieval from the upcoming soil moisture active passive mission data. The simulation of land surface classes includes 12 vegetation types defined by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme scheme, and four major crops (wheat, corn, rice, and soybean). Backscattering coefficients for four polarizations (HH/VV/HV/350611873VH) are produced. In the physical models, three terms are considered within the framework of distorted Born approximation: surface scattering, double-bounce volume-surface interaction, and volume scattering. Numerical solutions of Maxwell equations as well as theoretical models are used for surface scattering, double-bounce reflectivity, and volume scattering of a single scatterer. To facilitate fast, real-time, and accurate inversion of soil moisture, the outputs of physical model are provided as lookup tables (with three axes; therefore called datacube). The three axes are the real part of the dielectric constant of soil, soil surface root mean square (RMS) height, and vegetation water content (VWC), each of, which covers the wide range of natural conditions. Datacubes for most of the classes are simulated using input parameters from in situ and airborne observations. This simulation results are found accurate to the co-pol RMS errors of < 1 to 3.4 dB (six woody vegetation types), 1.8 dB (grass), and 2.9 dB (corn) when compared with airborne data. Validated with independent spaceborne phased array type L-band synthetic aperture radars and field-based radar data, the datacube errors for the co-pols are within 3.4 dB (woody savanna and shrub) and 1.5 dB (bare surface). Assessed with spaceborne Aquarius scatterometer data, the mean differences range from similar to 1.5 to 2 dB. The datacubes allow direct inversion of sophisticated forward models without empirical parameters or formulae. This capability is evaluated using the time-series inversion algorithm over grass fields. C1 [Kim, Seung-Bum; Xu, Xiaolan; Njoku, Eni G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Moghaddam, Mahta; Burgin, Mariko] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Tsang, Leung] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burgin, Mariko] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Kim, SB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM seungbum.kim@jpl.nasa.gov; mahta@usc.edu; tsang@ee.washington.edu; mburgin@umich.edu; xiaolan.xu@jpl.nasa.gov; eni.g.njoku@jpl.nasa.gov FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported in part by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 65 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 33 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2014 VL 52 IS 2 BP 1381 EP 1396 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2250980 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 279DT UT WOS:000328941300049 ER PT J AU Sy, OO Tanelli, S Takahashi, N Ohno, Y Horie, H Kollias, P AF Sy, Ousmane O. Tanelli, Simone Takahashi, Nobuhiro Ohno, Yuichi Horie, Hiroaki Kollias, Pavlos TI Simulation of EarthCARE Spaceborne Doppler Radar Products Using Ground-Based and Airborne Data: Effects of Aliasing and Nonuniform Beam-Filling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Aliasing; cloud-profiling radar (CPR); nonuniform beam-filling (NUBF); spaceborne Doppler radar ID CLOUD-PROFILING RADAR; VELOCITY-MEASUREMENTS; RAINFALL; MISSION; PROPOSAL AB This paper describes the expected performance of the Doppler cloud profiling radar being built for the Earth Cloud Aerosols Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) mission of the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency and the European Space Agency. Spaceborne Doppler radar data are simulated starting from high-resolution Doppler measurements provided by ground-based and airborne Doppler radars, ranging from nonconvective to moderately convective scenarios. The method hinges upon spatial and spectral resampling to consider the specificities of the spaceborne configuration. An error analysis of the resulting Doppler product is conducted to address aliasing and nonuniform beam-filling (NUBF) problems. A perturbation analysis is applied to explore the latter problem and allow for a self-standing systematic correction of NUBF using merely the received reflectivity factor and mean Doppler velocities as measured by the instrument. The results of our simulations show that, at a horizontal integration of 1 km, after proper de-aliasing and NUBF correction, the radar will typically yield a velocity accuracy in the order of 1.3 m center dot s(-1) over intertropical regions where the pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) = 6.1 kHz, of 0.8 m center dot s(-1) where the cloud-profiling radar (CPR) operates at PRF = 7 kHz, and, of 0.7 m center dot s(-1) over high latitudes where the CPR of EarthCARE will operate at PRF = 7.5 kHz. C1 [Sy, Ousmane O.; Tanelli, Simone] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Radar Sci & Engn Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Takahashi, Nobuhiro; Ohno, Yuichi; Horie, Hiroaki] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. [Kollias, Pavlos] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H2Y 1C6, Canada. RP Sy, OO (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Radar Sci & Engn Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ousmane.o.sy@jpl.nasa.gov; simone.tanelli@jpl.nasa.gov; ntaka@nict.go.jp; ohno@nict.go.jp; horie@nict.go.jp; pavlos.kollias@mcgill.ca FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology FX This work was supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2014 VL 52 IS 2 BP 1463 EP 1479 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2251639 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 279DT UT WOS:000328941300056 ER PT J AU Anderson, P Macdonald, M Yen, CW AF Anderson, Pamela Macdonald, Malcolm Yen, Chen-wan TI Novel orbits of Mercury, Venus and Mars enabled using low-thrust propulsion SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Low-thrust propulsion; Sun-synchronous orbits; Critical inclination; Mars; Mercury; Venus ID AEROBRAKING; EARTH AB Exploration of the inner planets of the Solar System is vital to significantly enhance the understanding of the formulation of the Earth and other planets. This paper therefore considers the development of novel orbits of Mars, Mercury and Venus to enhance the opportunities for remote sensing of these planets. Continuous acceleration is used to extend the critical inclination of highly elliptical orbits at each planet and is shown to require modest thrust magnitudes. This paper also presents the extension of existing sun-synchronous orbits around Mars. However, unlike Earth and Mars, natural sun-synchronous orbits do not exist at Mercury or Venus. This research therefore also uses continuous acceleration to enable circular and elliptical sun-synchronous orbits, by ensuring that the orbit's nodal precession rate matches the planets mean orbital rate around the Sun, such that the lighting along the ground-track remains approximately constant over the mission duration. This property is useful both in terms of spacecraft design, due to the constant thermal conditions, and for comparison of images. Considerably high thrust levels are however required to enable these orbits, which are prohibitively high for orbits with inclinations around 90 degrees. These orbits therefore require some development in electric propulsion systems before becoming feasible. (C) 2013 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson, Pamela; Macdonald, Malcolm] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Adv Space Concepts Lab, Glasgow G4 0LT, Lanark, Scotland. [Yen, Chen-wan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Anderson, P (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Adv Space Concepts Lab, Level 4 Lord Hope Bldg,141 St James Rd, Glasgow G4 0LT, Lanark, Scotland. EM pamela.c.anderson@strath.ac.uk; malcolm.macdonald.102@strath.ac.uk; chen-wan.l.yen@jpl.nasa.gov RI Macdonald, Malcolm/H-1362-2012 OI Macdonald, Malcolm/0000-0003-4499-4281 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 EI 1879-2030 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 94 IS 2 BP 634 EP 645 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.08.018 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 275GE UT WOS:000328663500009 ER PT J AU Reddy, VP Blanco, M Bugga, R AF Reddy, V. Prakash Blanco, Mario Bugga, Ratnakumar TI Boron-based anion receptors in lithium-ion and metal-air batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Review DE Anion receptors; Boroxines; Solid electrolyte interface; Borate esters; Triarylboranes; Lithium ion transference numbers ID ORGANIC ELECTROLYTE BATTERY; LIQUID ELECTROLYTES; TRIS(PENTAFLUOROPHENYL) BORANE; CARBONATE; POLYMER; FLUORIDE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; PERFORMANCE; ADDITIVES; SOLVENTS AB Boron-based anion receptors, widely used as biosensors, are currently being explored as electrolyte-additives in lithium ion batteries and metal-air batteries, towards the goal of realizing high voltage, high energy density batteries. The potential advantage of the boron-based anion receptors as electrolyte-additives is to improve the lithium ion or metal-air battery cell cycle performance, and increase lithium ion transference numbers and ionic conductivity. These anion receptors also have unique characteristics that facilitate in maintaining a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) at the electrode surface. In this comprehensive review, we have outlined the synthesis, computational studies, and applications of various classes of boron-based anion receptors in lithium ion and metal-air batteries. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reddy, V. Prakash] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Blanco, Mario] CALTECH, Mat & Proc Simulat Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bugga, Ratnakumar] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Reddy, VP (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM preddy@mst.edu NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 147 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 247 BP 813 EP 820 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.09.028 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 268NG UT WOS:000328177000107 ER PT J AU Ma, JM Firdosy, SA Kaner, RB Fleurial, JP Ravi, VA AF Ma, James M. Firdosy, Samad A. Kaner, Richard B. Fleurial, Jean-Pierre Ravi, Vilupanur A. TI Hardness and fracture toughness of thermoelectric La3-x Te-4 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HOT-PRESS CONDITIONS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INDENTATION FRACTURE; POWER-GENERATION; PALMQVIST CRACK; SIZE; MICROHARDNESS; OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE; ZN4SB3 AB Lanthanum telluride (La3-x Te-4) is a state-of-the-art n-type high temperature thermoelectric material that behaves as a weak and brittle ceramic. Vickers microindentation hardness testing was explored as a rapid analysis technique to characterize the mechanical properties of this material. An indentation size effect was observed with hardness values ranging from 439 +/- A 31 kgf/mm(2) (0.01 kgf/10 s contact time) to 335 +/- A 6 kgf/mm(2) (0.5 kgf/10 s contact time). The Vickers indentation fracture toughness, K (VIF), based on measurements of crack lengths emanating from the corners of the Vickers indents was 0.70 +/- A 0.06 MPa m(1/2). C1 [Ma, James M.; Firdosy, Samad A.; Fleurial, Jean-Pierre; Ravi, Vilupanur A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ma, James M.; Kaner, Richard B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kaner, Richard B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ravi, Vilupanur A.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. RP Ravi, VA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM vravi@csupomona.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA Science Mission Directorate's Radioisotope Power Systems Technology Advancement Program; NSF IGERT: Materials Creation Training Program (MCTP) [DGE-0654431]; California NanoSystems Institute FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Kevin Smith for experimental assistance and Dr. Sabah K. Bux for helpful discussions. This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work was supported by the NASA Science Mission Directorate's Radioisotope Power Systems Technology Advancement Program, the NSF IGERT: Materials Creation Training Program (MCTP) - DGE-0654431, and the California NanoSystems Institute. Copyright 2013. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1150 EP 1156 DI 10.1007/s10853-013-7794-7 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 269SC UT WOS:000328261200021 ER PT J AU Birlea, M Cohrs, RJ Bos, N Mehta, SK Pierson, DL Gilden, D AF Birlea, Marius Cohrs, Randall J. Bos, Nathan Mehta, Satish K. Pierson, Duane L. Gilden, Don TI Search for Varicella Zoster Virus DNA in Saliva of Healthy Individuals Aged 20-59 Years SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE VZV; saliva; diagnosis; PCR ID HERPES-ZOSTER; REACTIVATION; GANGLIA; ASTRONAUTS; CHILDREN; VZV AB All neurological and ocular complications of varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation can occur without rash. Virological verification requires detection of VZV DNA or anti-VZV IgG antibody in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or anti-VZV IgM antibody in serum or CSF. If VZV were readily detected in other tissue in patients with neurological disease without rash and found to correlate with tests listed above, more invasive tests such as lumbar puncture might be obviated. Saliva is a potential source of VZV DNA. To study the potential diagnostic value of detecting VZV DNA in saliva from patients with neurological disease, saliva of healthy adults was searched for VZV DNA. A single saliva sample obtained by passive drool was centrifuged at 16,000g for 20min. DNA was extracted from the supernatant and cell pellet and examined in triplicate for VZV DNA by real time PCR. A single random saliva sample from 80 healthy men and women aged 20-59 years revealed no VZV DNA (Table ), but was uniformly positive for cell (GAPdH) DNA. Because VZV DNA was not found in a random saliva sample from 80 individuals 20-59-year-old, a VZV-positive sample during neurologic disease may have potential significance. Further studies will determine whether VZV DNA in saliva correlates with VZV DNA or anti-VZV antibody in CSF in patients with neurological disease. J. Med. Virol. 86:360-362, 2014. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Birlea, Marius; Cohrs, Randall J.; Bos, Nathan; Gilden, Don] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Cohrs, Randall J.; Gilden, Don] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Mehta, Satish K.] Enterprise Advisory Serv Inc, Houston, TX USA. [Pierson, Duane L.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Gilden, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM don.gilden@ucdenver.edu FU Public Health Service [AG032958, AG006127, NS082228]; National Institutes of Health [NS007321] FX Grant sponsor: Public Health Service; Grant numbers: AG032958; AG006127; NS082228; Grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health NS007321 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0146-6615 EI 1096-9071 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 86 IS 2 BP 360 EP 362 DI 10.1002/jmv.23834 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA 269AR UT WOS:000328212900024 PM 24338812 ER PT J AU Panasenco, O Martin, SF Velli, M AF Panasenco, Olga Martin, Sara F. Velli, Marco TI Apparent Solar Tornado-Like Prominences SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coronal mass ejections; low coronal signatures; Coronal mass ejections, initiation and propagation; Magnetic fields, corona; Coronal holes, prominences, formation and evolution; Filaments ID FILAMENT CHANNELS; FEATURES; THREADS; CORONA; MOTIONS; HINODE; FLOWS; SUN AB Recent high-resolution observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) have reawakened interest in the old and fascinating phenomenon of solar tornado-like prominences. This class of prominences was first introduced by Pettit (Astrophys. J. 76, 9, 1932), who studied them over many years. Observations of tornado prominences similar to the ones seen by SDO had already been documented by Secchi (Le Soleil, 1877). High-resolution and high-cadence multiwavelength data obtained by SDO reveal that the tornado-like appearance of these prominences is mainly an illusion due to projection effects. We discuss two different cases where prominences on the limb might appear to have a tornado-like behavior. One case of apparent vortical motions in prominence spines and barbs arises from the (mostly) 2D counterstreaming plasma motion along the prominence spine and barbs together with oscillations along individual threads. The other case of apparent rotational motion is observed in a prominence cavity and results from the 3D plasma motion along the writhed magnetic fields inside and along the prominence cavity as seen projected on the limb. Thus, the "tornado" impression results either from counterstreaming and oscillations or from the projection on the plane of the sky of plasma motion along magnetic-field lines, rather than from a true vortical motion around an (apparent) vertical or horizontal axis. We discuss the link between tornado-like prominences, filament barbs, and photospheric vortices at their base. C1 [Panasenco, Olga] Adv Heliophys, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Martin, Sara F.] Helio Res, La Crescenta, CA USA. [Velli, Marco] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Panasenco, O (reprint author), Adv Heliophys, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM panasenco.olga@gmail.com FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX09AG27G]; NSF SHINE [0852249] FX OP and SM are supported in this research under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) grant NNX09AG27G and NSF SHINE grant 0852249. The work of MV was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract from NASA. We are thankful to Aram Panasenco for contributions in image processing. The SECCHI data are produced by an international consortium of the NRL, LMSAL and NASA GSFC (USA), RAL and University of Birmingham (UK), MPS (Germany), CSL (Belgium), IOTA, and IAS (France). The AIA data used here are courtesy of SDO (NASA) and the AIA consortium. The Dutch Open Telescope (DOT) is located at Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos (ORM) on La Palma. The DOT was designed and built by Rob H. Hammerschlag. We thank the referee for interesting comments and suggestions. NR 54 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 289 IS 2 BP 603 EP 622 DI 10.1007/s11207-013-0337-1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 264JK UT WOS:000327872800012 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Arge, CN Akiyama, S Gopalswamy, N AF Kahler, S. W. Arge, C. N. Akiyama, S. Gopalswamy, N. TI Do Solar Coronal Holes Affect the Properties of Solar Energetic Particle Events? SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Energetic particles - acceleration; Magnetic fields - models; Coronal mass ejections - low coronal signatures ID INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; MASS EJECTIONS; SEP EVENTS; WIND REGIONS; FIELD; PROPAGATION; CMES; ACCELERATION; HELIOSPHERE; TIMES AB The intensities and timescales of gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events at 1 AU may depend not only on the characteristics of shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), but also on large-scale coronal and interplanetary structures. It has long been suspected that the presence of coronal holes (CHs) near the CMEs or near the 1-AU magnetic footpoints may be an important factor in SEP events. We used a group of 41 Ea parts per thousand 20 MeV SEP events with origins near the solar central meridian to search for such effects. First we investigated whether the presence of a CH directly between the sources of the CME and of the magnetic connection at 1 AU is an important factor. Then we searched for variations of the SEP events among different solar wind (SW) stream types: slow, fast, and transient. Finally, we considered the separations between CME sources and CH footpoint connections from 1 AU determined from four-day forecast maps based on Mount Wilson Observatory and the National Solar Observatory synoptic magnetic-field maps and the Wang-Sheeley-Arge model of SW propagation. The observed in-situ magnetic-field polarities and SW speeds at SEP event onsets tested the forecast accuracies employed to select the best SEP/CH connection events for that analysis. Within our limited sample and the three analytical treatments, we found no statistical evidence for an effect of CHs on SEP event peak intensities, onset times, or rise times. The only exception is a possible enhancement of SEP peak intensities in magnetic clouds. C1 [Kahler, S. W.; Arge, C. N.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Akiyama, S.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Gopalswamy, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM stephen.kahler@kirtland.af.mil; nick.arge@kirtland.af.mil; sachiko.akiyama@nasa.gov; nat.gopalswamy@nasa.gov FU AFOSR Task [2301RDZ4]; NASA's LWS TRT program FX SWK was funded by AFOSR Task 2301RDZ4. NG and SA were supported by NASA's LWS TR&T program. CME data were taken from the CDAW LASCO catalog. This CME catalog is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. EIT images of Figure 1 were obtained from the EIT instrument webpage. We thank Ian Richardson for providing the SW stream listings and Don Reames for the use of the EPACT proton data. We used Wind data provided by J.H. King, N. Papatashvilli, and R. Lepping at the NASA/GSFC CDAW website. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 289 IS 2 BP 657 EP 673 DI 10.1007/s11207-013-0427-0 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 264JK UT WOS:000327872800016 ER PT J AU Garcia-Ricard, OJ Arevalo-Hidalgo, AG Yu, MX Almodovar-Arbelo, NE Varghese, M Mulloth, L Luna, B Hernandez-Maldonado, AJ AF Garcia-Ricard, Omar J. Arevalo-Hidalgo, Ana G. Yu, Moxin Almodovar-Arbelo, Noelia E. Varghese, Mini Mulloth, Lila Luna, Bernadette Hernandez-Maldonado, Arturo J. TI Removal of Carbon Dioxide from Light Gas Mixtures using a Porous Strontium(II) Silicoaluminophosphate Fixed Bed: Closed Volume and Portable Applications SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE packed bed; separations; silicoaluminophosphate; adsorption; carbon dioxide; atmospheric revitalization ID STATE ION-EXCHANGE; NANOPOROUS SORBENTS; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; CO2 CAPTURE; ZEOLITES; ADSORPTION; SAPO-34; SEPARATION; CATIONS; MECHANOCHEMISTRY AB A Sr2+ -SAPO-34 bed was assembled to study CO2 dynamic adsorption under conditions that emulate those found in closed volume and portable applications. Although the surface area was reduced by 7% during pelletization, adsorption capacities estimated from breakthrough curves compared well with static volumetric adsorption data. Modeling of the breakthrough adsorption was achieved using a Linear Driving Force mass transfer rate model, showing good agreement with the experimental data and confirming fast kinetics and efficient use of the bed. Fast kinetics were also evidenced by the length of the unused section of the bed as calculated from a Mass Transfer Zone model. Adsorption capacity degradation was not observed after multiple regeneration cycles. Apparent and equilibrium adsorption isotherm data estimated from the bed and static volumetric experiments at 25 degrees C were compared to that of 5A Zeolite. These showed that Sr2+ -SAPO-34 is a superior adsorbent for CO2 removal in the low partial pressure range (<1500ppm). CO2 and H-2 O multicomponent adsorption breakthrough curves were also gathered for a CO2 inlet concentration of 1000ppm and dew points of -5 and 8 degrees C. The addition of moisture resulted in a decrease in total processed gas volume by 31 and 47%, respectively. C1 [Garcia-Ricard, Omar J.; Arevalo-Hidalgo, Ana G.; Yu, Moxin; Almodovar-Arbelo, Noelia E.; Hernandez-Maldonado, Arturo J.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Varghese, Mini] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Wyle IS&E Grp, Mountain View, CA USA. [Mulloth, Lila] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mountain View, CA USA. [Luna, Bernadette] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Hernandez-Maldonado, AJ (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem Engn, Mayaguez Campus, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM arturoj.hernandez@upr.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX08BA48A]; NASA [NNX10AL59H] FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Award NNX08BA48A. Partial support was also provided by NASA Graduate Student Research Project (GSRP) Fellowship Award NNX10AL59H. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 EI 1520-5754 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 31 PY 2014 VL 49 IS 4 BP 490 EP 498 DI 10.1080/01496395.2013.862279 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA AB1BQ UT WOS:000331526700002 ER PT J AU Liu, YD Bayes, KD Sander, SP AF Liu, Yingdi Bayes, Kyle D. Sander, Stanley P. TI Measuring Rate Constants for Reactions of the Simplest Criegee Intermediate (CH2OO) by Monitoring the OH Radical SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID OZONE-ALKENE REACTIONS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; MECHANISM; OZONOLYSIS; O-2; KINETICS; ACETONE; YIELDS; TROPOSPHERE; RELAXATION AB While generating the CH2OO molecule by reacting CH2I with O-2, significant amounts of the OH radical were observed by laser-induced fluorescence. At least two different processes formed OH. A fast process was probably initiated by a reaction of vibrationally hot CH2I radicals. The second process appeared to be associated with the decay of the CH2OO molecule. The addition of molecules known to react with CH2OO increased the observed decay rates of the OH signal. Using the OH signals as a proxy for the CH2OO concentration, the rate constant for the reaction of hexafluoroacetone with CH2OO was determined to be (3.33 +/- 0.27) X 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), in good agreement with the value measured by Taatjes et al.(1) The rate constant for the reaction of SO2 with CH2OO, (3.53 +/- 0.29) X 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), showed no pressure dependence over the range of 50-200 Torr and was in agreement with the value at 4 Torr reported by Welz et al.(2) C1 [Liu, Yingdi; Bayes, Kyle D.; Sander, Stanley P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bayes, KD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Kyle.D.Bayes@jpl.nasa.gov RI liu, yingdi/E-6410-2013 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Upper Atmosphere Research and Tropospheric Chemistry programs; JPL Posdoctoral Program FX We thank the two reviewers of this manuscript for their careful and thorough analysis. They have made significant contributions to our understanding of this system. This research was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This work was supported by the Upper Atmosphere Research and Tropospheric Chemistry programs and the JPL Posdoctoral Program. The authors also thank Dave Natzic for his technical assistance. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 69 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 30 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 4 BP 741 EP 747 DI 10.1021/jp407058b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 302ND UT WOS:000330610300009 PM 24400595 ER PT J AU Armanios, DE Fisher, JB AF Armanios, Daniel Erian Fisher, Joshua B. TI Measuring water availability with limited ground data: assessing the feasibility of an entirely remote-sensing-based hydrologic budget of the Rufiji Basin, Tanzania, using TRMM, GRACE, MODIS, SRB, and AIRS SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; hydrologic budget; Rufiji; Usangu; runoff; AIRS; SRB; TRMM; GRACE; MODIS ID ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS TMPA; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; CLIMATE EXPERIMENT GRACE; MEASURING MISSION TRMM; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; TROPICAL RAINFALL; RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; STORAGE VARIATIONS; GRAVITY RECOVERY AB This study explores the feasibility of an entirely satellite remote sensing (RS)-based hydrologic budget model for a ground data-constrained basin, the Rufiji basin in Tanzania, from the balance of runoff (Q), precipitation (P), storage change (S), and evapotranspiration (ET). P was determined from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, S from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, and ET from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, the surface radiation budget, and the Atmosphere Infrared Radiation Sounder. Q was estimated as a residual of the water balance and tested against measured Q for a sub-basin of the Rufiji (the Usangu basin) where ground measurements were available (R-2=0.58, slope=1.9, root mean square error=29 mm/month, bias=14%). We also tested a geographical information system (GIS)-driven (ArcCN-runoff) runoff model (R-2=0.64, slope=0.43, root mean square error=39 mm/month). We conducted an error propagation analysis from each of the model's hydrologic components (P, ET, and S). We find that the RS-based model amplitude is most sensitive to ET and slightly less so to P, whereas the model's seasonal trends are most sensitive to S. Although RS-GIS-driven models are becoming increasingly used, our results indicate that long-term water resource assessment policy and management may be more appropriate than instantaneous' or short-term water resource assessment. However, our analyses help develop a series of tools and techniques to progress our understanding of RS-GIS in water resource management of data-constrained basins at the level of a water resource manager. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Armanios, Daniel Erian] Univ Oxford, Int Grad Sch, Ctr Environm OUCE, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Armanios, Daniel Erian] Stanford Univ, STVP, Dept Management Sci & Engn, Huang Engn Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Fisher, Joshua B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Fisher, Joshua B.] Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. RP Fisher, JB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM joshbfisher@gmail.com OI Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085 FU Rhodes Trust; Stanford Technology Ventures Program; Benchmark Stanford Graduate Fellowship Fund; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship FX This work would not have been possible without data support from Thomas de Couet at the Global Data Runoff Centre (GRDC), Matthew McCartney at the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Bruce Lankford at the University of East Anglia, Matthew Richard at the Palestinian Wastewater Engineers Group (PWEG), Grayson Badgley at Stanford University, Cheryl van Kempen at the International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC), and Tom Franks at the University of Bradford. Technical advice from Mark New and Gil Lizcano at the University of Oxford; Ian Harris at the Climate Research Unit at the University of East Anglia; Lauriane Boisrobert and Florence Landsberg at the World Resource Institute; Jianli Chen at the Center for Space Research at the University of Texas; Young-In Won, Andrey Savtchenko, and Matthew Rodell at NASA-Goddard; and Paul W. Stackhouse, at NASA-Langley were all tremendously appreciated. Funding and support for this study from the Rhodes Trust, the Stanford Technology Ventures Program, the Benchmark Stanford Graduate Fellowship Fund, and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship were also all greatly appreciated. NR 115 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 30 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 3 BP 853 EP 867 DI 10.1002/hyp.9611 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 284WN UT WOS:000329352400037 ER PT J AU Arsenault, KR Houser, PR De Lannoy, GJM AF Arsenault, Kristi R. Houser, Paul R. De Lannoy, Gabrielle J. M. TI Evaluation of the MODIS snow cover fraction product SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE snow cover fraction; remote sensing; land surface modeling ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; WATER EQUIVALENT; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; NORTHERN XINJIANG; CLOUD MASK; VALIDATION; MAPS; ACCURACY; RESOLUTION AB Eleven years of daily 500m gridded Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (MOD10A1) snow cover fraction (SCF) data are evaluated in terms of snow presence detection in Colorado and Washington states. The SCF detection validation study is performed using in-situ measurements and expressed in terms of snow and land detection and misclassification frequencies. A major aspect addressed in this study involves the shifting of pixel values in time due to sensor viewing angles and gridding artifacts of MODIS sensor products. To account for this error, 500m gridded pixels are grouped and aggregated to different-sized areas to incorporate neighboring pixel information. With pixel aggregation, both the probability of detection (POD) and the false alarm ratios increase for almost all cases. Of the false negative (FN) and false positive values (referred to as the total error when combined), FN estimates dominate most of the total error and are greatly reduced with aggregation. The greatest POD increases and total error reductions occur with going from a single 500m pixel to 3x3-pixel averaged areas. Since the MODIS SCF algorithm was developed under ideal conditions, SCF detection is also evaluated for varying conditions of vegetation, elevation, cloud cover and air temperature. Finally, using a direct insertion data assimilation approach, pixel averaged MODIS SCF observations are shown to improve modeled snowpack conditions over the single pixel observations due to the smoothing of more error-prone observations and more accurately snow-classified pixels. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Arsenault, Kristi R.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. [Arsenault, Kristi R.; De Lannoy, Gabrielle J. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Houser, Paul R.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [De Lannoy, Gabrielle J. M.] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Arsenault, KR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Code 617, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Kristi.r.arsenault@nasa.gov FU NOAA [NA07OAR4310221]; NASA [NNX08AU51G, NNX08AV05H] FX This work was funded by NOAA grant #NA07OAR4310221 and NASA grants #NNX08AU51G, NNX08AV05H. Special thanks go to Dorothy Hall, George Riggs, Brian Doty, Jennifer Adams, Paul Dirmeyer and the two referees for their helpful comments. Computer resources were provided by the Institute of Global Environment and Society. Gabrielle De Lannoy was a FWO research fellow. NR 66 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 30 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 3 BP 980 EP 998 DI 10.1002/hyp.9636 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 284WN UT WOS:000329352400047 ER PT J AU Wu, ZT Thenkabail, PS Mueller, R Zakzeski, A Melton, F Johnson, L Rosevelt, C Dwyer, J Jones, J Verdin, JP AF Wu, Zhuoting Thenkabail, Prasad S. Mueller, Rick Zakzeski, Audra Melton, Forrest Johnson, Lee Rosevelt, Carolyn Dwyer, John Jones, Jeanine Verdin, James P. TI Seasonal cultivated and fallow cropland mapping using MODIS-based automated cropland classification algorithm SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE automated cropland classification algorithm; MODIS; cultivated croplands; fallow croplands; accuracy assessment; cropland statistics. ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX; TIME-SERIES; LANDSAT IMAGERY; IRRIGATED AREAS; FOOD SECURITY; NDVI DATA; US; BASIN; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Increasing drought occurrences and growing populations demand accurate, routine, and consistent cultivated and fallow cropland products to enable water and food security analysis. The overarching goal of this research was to develop and test automated cropland classification algorithm (ACCA) that provide accurate, consistent, and repeatable information on seasonal cultivated as well as seasonal fallow cropland extents and areas based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer remote sensing data. Seasonal ACCA development process involves writing series of iterative decision tree codes to separate cultivated and fallow croplands from noncroplands, aiming to accurately mirror reliable reference data sources. A pixel-by-pixel accuracy assessment when compared with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) cropland data showed, on average, a producer's accuracy of 93% and a user's accuracy of 85% across all months. Further, ACCA-derived cropland maps agreed well with the USDA Farm Service Agency crop acreage-reported data for both cultivated and fallow croplands with R-square values over 0.7 and field surveys with an accuracy of >= 95% for cultivated croplands and >= 76% for fallow croplands. Our results demonstrated the ability of ACCA to generate cropland products, such as cultivated and fallow cropland extents and areas, accurately, automatically, and repeatedly throughout the growing season. (c) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. C1 [Wu, Zhuoting; Thenkabail, Prasad S.] USGS Western Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Wu, Zhuoting] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Mueller, Rick; Zakzeski, Audra] USDA NASS, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Melton, Forrest; Johnson, Lee; Rosevelt, Carolyn] CSU Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. [Melton, Forrest; Johnson, Lee] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Dwyer, John; Verdin, James P.] USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Jones, Jeanine] Calif Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 94236 USA. RP Wu, ZT (reprint author), USGS Western Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM zwu@usgs.gov OI Dwyer, John/0000-0002-8281-0896 FU U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) WaterSMART (Sustain and Manage America's Resources for Tomorrow) project; Famine Early Warning Network (FEWSNET) project; USGS Land Change Science (LCS); Land Remote Sensing (LRS); Western Geographic Science Center FX This work is supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) WaterSMART (Sustain and Manage America's Resources for Tomorrow) project and Famine Early Warning Network (FEWSNET) project. Inputs on algorithm development from the team members of the USGS Powell Center working group on global croplands (http://powellcenter.usgs.gov/current_projects.php#GlobalCroplandMembers ) are deeply appreciated. Comments from the USGS internal reviewers Kristin Byrd and Laura Norman are greatly appreciated. Funding support from USGS Land Change Science (LCS) and Land Remote Sensing (LRS) programs are gratefully acknowledged. Support of the Western Geographic Science Center is deeply appreciated. The use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD JAN 29 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 083685 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.8.083685 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 301YD UT WOS:000330567300003 ER PT J AU Kandel, S Larsen, AB Wagner, JE Jain, A Vaidehi, N AF Kandel, Saugat Larsen, Adrien B. Wagner, Jeffrey E. Jain, Abhinandan Vaidehi, Nagarajan TI GNEIMO-Fixman: An Accurate Torsional Molecular Dynamics Simulation Method for Studying Biomolecular Dynamics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Kandel, Saugat; Larsen, Adrien B.; Wagner, Jeffrey E.; Vaidehi, Nagarajan] Beckman Res Inst City Hope, Duarte, CA USA. [Jain, Abhinandan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 404A EP 404A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000402274 ER PT J AU Walsh, BM Phan, TD Sibeck, DG Souza, VM AF Walsh, B. M. Phan, T. D. Sibeck, D. G. Souza, V. M. TI The plasmaspheric plume andmagnetopause reconnection SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Reconnection; Magnetosphere ID OUTER PLASMASPHERE; MAGNETOPAUSE; THEMIS; PLASMAPAUSE; INSTRUMENT; DYNAMICS AB We present near-simultaneous measurements from two THEMIS spacecraft at the dayside magnetopause with a 1.5 h separation in local time. One spacecraft observes a high-density plasmaspheric plume while the other does not. Both spacecraft observe signatures of magnetic reconnection, providing a test for the changes to reconnection in local time along the magnetopause as well as the impact of high densities on the reconnection process. When the plume is present and the magnetospheric density exceeds that in the magnetosheath, the reconnection jet velocity decreases, the density within the jet increases, and the location of the faster jet is primarily on field lines with magnetosheath orientation. Slower jet velocities indicate that reconnection is occurring less efficiently. In the localized region where the plume contacts the magnetopause, the high-density plume may impede the solar wind-magnetosphere coupling by mass loading the reconnection site. Key Points The plasmaspheric plume greatly impacts magnetopause reconnection The plume reduces solar wind-magnetosphere coupling in a localized region C1 [Walsh, B. M.; Sibeck, D. G.; Souza, V. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Phan, T. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Souza, V. M.] Natl Inst Space Research INPE, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. RP Walsh, BM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM brian.walsh@nasa.gov RI Walsh, Brian/C-4899-2016 OI Walsh, Brian/0000-0001-7426-5413 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1136827]; NASA [NAS5-02099] FX The authors would like to thank L. Wilson for useful discussions. Support was given by the National Science Foundation through grant AGS-1136827. We acknowledge NASA contract NAS5-02099 and instrument teams for use of the data from the THEMIS Mission, Specifically: C. W. Carlson and J. P. McFadden for use of ESA data, J. W. Bonnell and F. S. Mozer for use of EFI data, and K. H. Glassmeier, U. Auster, and W. Baumjohann for the use of FGM data. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 2 BP 223 EP 228 DI 10.1002/2013GL058802 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JT UT WOS:000332991000004 ER PT J AU Matteini, L Horbury, TS Neugebauer, M Goldstein, BE AF Matteini, Lorenzo Horbury, Timothy S. Neugebauer, Marcia Goldstein, Bruce E. TI Dependence of solar wind speed on the local magnetic field orientation: Role of Alfvenic fluctuations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Solar wind; Alfvenic fluctuations; interplanetary magnetic field ID ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; CORONAL HOLES; WAVES; SIGNATURES AB We report an analysis of correlations between magnetic field and velocity fluctuations in the fast solar wind beyond 1 AU at high latitudes. We have found that on scales shorter than the microstream structures, there exists a well-defined dependence of the flow speed on the angle between the magnetic field vector and the radial direction. Solar wind is found to be slightly faster when the measured magnetic field vector is transverse to the velocity, while it is always slower when the magnetic field is parallel, or antiparallel, to the radial direction. We show that this correlation is a direct consequence of the high Alfvenicity of fast wind fluctuations and that it can be reasonably described by a simple model taking into account the main properties of the low-frequency antisunward Alfven fluctuations as observed in the solar wind plasma. We also discuss how switchbacks, short periods of magnetic field reversals, naturally fit in this new observed correlation. Key Points A new correlation between magnetic field direction and solar wind speed is found Low frequency Alfvenic fluctuations are responsible for the observed dynamics Magnetic switchbacks are explained as natural evolution of Alfvenic turbulence C1 [Matteini, Lorenzo; Horbury, Timothy S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Neugebauer, Marcia] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Goldstein, Bruce E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Matteini, L (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. EM l.matteini@imperial.ac.uk FU UK Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/K001051/1]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank Marco Velli, Simone Landi, and Petr Hellinger for useful discussions. The research described in this paper was supported by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council grant ST/K001051/1. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 2 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1002/2013GL058482 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JT UT WOS:000332991000009 ER PT J AU Malaspina, DM Horanyi, M Zaslavsky, A Goetz, K Wilson, LB Kersten, K AF Malaspina, D. M. Horanyi, M. Zaslavsky, A. Goetz, K. Wilson, L. B., III Kersten, K. TI Interplanetary and interstellar dust observed by theWind WAVES electric field instrument SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE interplanetary dust; interstellar dust; electric field dust detection; dust measurement techniques ID SOLAR-SYSTEM; SPACECRAFT; PARTICLES; STREAMS; IMPACTS AB Observations of hypervelocity dust particles impacting the Wind spacecraft are reported here for the first time using data from the Wind/WAVES electric field instrument. A unique combination of rotating spacecraft, amplitude-triggered high-cadence waveform collection, and electric field antenna configuration allow the first direct determination of dust impact direction by any spacecraft using electric field data. Dust flux and impact direction data indicate that the observed dust is approximately micron-sized with both interplanetary and interstellar populations. Nanometer radius dust is not detected by Wind during times when nanometer dust is observed on the STEREO spacecraft and both spacecraft are in close proximity. Determined impact directions suggest that interplanetary dust detected by electric field instruments at 1 AU is dominated by particles on bound trajectories crossing Earth's orbit, rather than dust with hyperbolic orbits. Key Points First dust detection by Wind is reported Dust impact direction can be determined with a new technique STEREO dust data interpretations are challenged C1 [Malaspina, D. M.; Horanyi, M.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Horanyi, M.; Zaslavsky, A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Goetz, K.; Kersten, K.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Wilson, L. B., III] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Malaspina, DM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM David.Malaspina@colorado.edu RI Wilson III, Lynn/D-4425-2012; OI Wilson III, Lynn/0000-0002-4313-1970; Horanyi, Mihaly/0000-0002-5920-9226 FU NASA [NNX10AP73G] FX The authors thank the Wind/WAVES team for their continued support with data retrieval and calibration, especially P.J. Kellogg. This work was supported by NASA award NNX10AP73G. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 2 BP 266 EP 272 DI 10.1002/2013GL058786 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JT UT WOS:000332991000010 ER PT J AU Tsurutani, BT Lakhina, GS AF Tsurutani, Bruce T. Lakhina, Gurbax S. TI An extreme coronal mass ejection and consequences for the magnetosphere and Earth SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Extreme coronal mass ejections; super magnetic storms; ICME shocks; magnetospheric electric fields; supersubstorm; sudden impulses ID SOLAR-WIND; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; SUDDEN COMMENCEMENT; GEOMAGNETIC STORM; MARCH 24; FIELD; INJECTION; ELECTRONS; EVENTS; AURORA AB A perfect interplanetary coronal mass ejection could create a magnetic storm with intensity up to the saturation limit (Dst similar to-2500 nT), a value greater than the Carrington storm. Many of the other space weather effects will not be limited by saturation effects, however. The interplanetary shock would arrive at Earth within similar to 12 h with a magnetosonic Mach number similar to 45. The shock impingement onto the magnetosphere will create a sudden impulse of similar to 234 nT, the magnetic pulse duration in the magnetosphere will be similar to 22 s with a dB/dt of similar to 30 nT s(-1), and the magnetospheric electric field associated with the dB/dt similar to 1.9 V m(-1), creating a new relativistic electron radiation belt. The magnetopause location of 4 R-E from the Earth's surface will allow expose of orbiting satellites to extreme levels of flare and ICME shock-accelerated particle radiation. The results of our calculations are compared with current observational records. Comments are made concerning further data analysis and numerical modeling needed for the field of space weather. C1 [Tsurutani, Bruce T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lakhina, Gurbax S.] Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, India. RP Tsurutani, BT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM bruce.t.tsurutani@jpl.nasa.gov OI Lakhina, Gurbax /0000-0002-8956-486X FU NASA; National Academy of Sciences, India under the NASI-Senior Scientist Platinum Jubilee Fellowship FX Portions of this research were conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. BTT thanks K. Shibata in stimulating ideas for this work. GSL thanks the National Academy of Sciences, India, for support under the NASI-Senior Scientist Platinum Jubilee Fellowship. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 2 BP 287 EP 292 DI 10.1002/2013GL058825 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JT UT WOS:000332991000013 ER PT J AU Zebker, H Hayes, A Janssen, M Le Gall, A Lorenz, R Wye, L AF Zebker, Howard Hayes, Alex Janssen, Mike Le Gall, Alice Lorenz, Ralph Wye, Lauren TI Surface of Ligeia Mare, Titan, from Cassini altimeter and radiometer analysis SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Lakes and seas; Wind fields; Surface temperature; Composition ID HYDROCARBON LAKES; METHANE CYCLE; RADAR; WAVES; TEMPERATURES; ROUGHNESS AB Cassini radar observations of the surface of Ligeia Mare collected during the 23 May 2013 (T91) Cassini flyby show that it is extremely smooth, likely to be mostly methane in composition, and exhibits no surface wave activity. The radar parameters were tuned for nadir-looking geometry of liquid surfaces, using experience from Cassini's only comparable observation, of Ontario Lacus on 21 December 2008 (T49), and also include coincident radiometric observations. Radar echoes from both passes show very strong specular radar reflections and limit surface height variations to 1mm rms. The surface physical temperature at 80 degrees N is 92 +/- 0.5K if the sea is liquid hydrocarbon and the land is solid hydrocarbon, essentially the same as Cassini CIRS measurements. Furthermore, radiometry measurements over the surrounding terrain suggest dielectric constants from 2.2 to 2.4, arguing against significant surface water ice unless it is extremely porous. Key Points Ligeia Mare, like Ontario Lacus, is flat with no evidence of ocean waves or wind The sea surface dielectric constant suggests a largely methane composition Radiometric observations point to solid organic, not water ice, land surface C1 [Zebker, Howard] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Zebker, Howard] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hayes, Alex] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Janssen, Mike] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Le Gall, Alice] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, LATMOS, Guyancourt, France. [Lorenz, Ralph] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Wye, Lauren] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Zebker, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM zebker@stanford.edu RI Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 FU NASA FX This work was supported by the NASA Cassini project through the Radar Science Team. We wish to thank the Cassini Mission Team and especially the Radar Science Team for continuing to deliver invaluable science data. We also thank two reviewers for many fine suggestions that have greatly improved the clarity of the paper. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 2 BP 308 EP 313 DI 10.1002/2013GL058877 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JT UT WOS:000332991000016 ER PT J AU Theys, N De Smedt, I Van Roozendael, M Froidevaux, L Clarisse, L Hendrick, F AF Theys, Nicolas De Smedt, Isabelle Van Roozendael, Michel Froidevaux, Lucien Clarisse, Lieven Hendrick, Francois TI First satellite detection of volcanic OClO after the eruption of Puyehue Cordn Caulle SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE halogens; volcano; eruption; satellite; measurement ID BROMINE MONOXIDE; CHLORINE; GOME-2; STRATOSPHERE; INSTRUMENT; ATMOSPHERE; RETRIEVAL; CHEMISTRY; HALOGENS; COLUMNS AB Volcanoes release large amounts of halogen species such as HCl and HBr, which can be converted into reactive halogens by heterogeneous photochemical reactions that are currently not fully characterized. Here we report on the first satellite detection of volcanic chlorine dioxide (OClO). Measurements were performed using the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography instrument for the ash-laden plume emitted after the 2011 eruption of Puyehue-Cordon Caulle in Chile. We also identified volcanic BrO using the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, as well as enhanced HCl in data of the Microwave Limb Sounder instrument. These observations suggest that OClO was formed in the plume by the ClO+BrO reaction in presence of a large excess of ClO. The present satellite data set could help better understand reactive halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes and its impact on atmospheric composition. Key Points First observation of a volcanic plume of OClO from space Observations of BrO and HCl support the volcanic origin of the OClO detected Heterogeneous chemistry on volcanic aerosols is the cause of halogen activation C1 [Theys, Nicolas; De Smedt, Isabelle; Van Roozendael, Michel; Hendrick, Francois] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium. [Froidevaux, Lucien] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Clarisse, Lieven] Univ Libre Brussels, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Brussels, Belgium. RP Theys, N (reprint author), Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium. EM theys@aeronomie.be FU Belgium Prodex A3C project; TRACE-S5P project; EUMETSAT O3M-SAF CDOP-2 project; ESA SACS-2 project; S5P project FX This research has been financially supported through the Belgium Prodex A3C and TRACE-S5P projects, the EUMETSAT O3M-SAF CDOP-2 project, and the ESA SACS-2 and S5P projects. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was performed under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; contributions from Bill Read are also acknowledged. The Editor thanks two anonymous reviewers for their assistance in evaluating this paper. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 2 BP 667 EP 672 DI 10.1002/2013GL058416 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JT UT WOS:000332991000067 ER PT J AU Sun, WB Videen, G Mishchenko, MI AF Sun, Wenbo Videen, Gorden Mishchenko, Michael I. TI Detecting super- thin clouds with polarized sunlight SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Reflected light; angle of linear polarization; detection of clouds ID PART II; CIRRUS; TEMPERATURE; AEROSOLS; MISSION; SPACE; MODIS AB We report a novel method for detecting cloud particles in the atmosphere. Solar radiation backscattered from clouds is studied with both satellite data and a radiative transfer model. A distinct feature is found in the angle of linear polarization of solar radiation that is backscattered from clouds. The dominant backscattered electric field from the clear-sky Earth-atmosphere system is nearly parallel to the Earth surface. However, when clouds are present, this electric field can rotate significantly away from the parallel direction. Model results demonstrate that this polarization feature can be used to detect super-thin cirrus clouds having an optical depth of only similar to 0.06 and super-thin liquid water clouds having an optical depth of only similar to 0.01. Such clouds are too thin to be sensed using any current passive satellite instruments. C1 [Sun, Wenbo] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Sun, Wenbo] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Videen, Gorden] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Videen, Gorden] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Mishchenko, Michael I.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Sun, WB (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM wenbo.sun-1@nasa.gov RI Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 FU NASA Glory fund [09-GLORY09-0027]; NASA CLARREO mission FX This work was supported by NASA Glory fund 09-GLORY09-0027. Wenbo Sun was also supported by NASA CLARREO mission. The authors thank Hal B. Maring, Bruce A. Wielicki, Rosemary R. Baize, and David F. Young for these supports and thank Constantine Lukashin for preparing the PARASOL data. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 2 BP 688 EP 693 DI 10.1002/2013GL058840 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JT UT WOS:000332991000070 ER PT J AU Lyapustin, A Alexander, MJ Ott, L Molod, A Holben, B Susskind, J Wang, Y AF Lyapustin, A. Alexander, M. J. Ott, L. Molod, A. Holben, B. Susskind, J. Wang, Y. TI Observation of mountain lee waves with MODIS NIR column water vapor SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE water vapor; mountain waves; MODIS ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; MODELS; SIGNATURES; AERONET; IMAGERY; TRENDS; ANDES AB Mountain lee waves have been previously observed in data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) water vapor 6.7 mu m channel which has a typical peak sensitivity at 550hPa in the free troposphere. This paper reports the first observation of mountain waves generated by the Appalachian Mountains in the MODIS total column water vapor (CWV) product derived from near-infrared (NIR) (0.94 mu m) measurements, which indicate perturbations very close to the surface. The CWV waves are usually observed during spring and late fall or some summer days with low to moderate CWV (below similar to 2cm). The observed lee waves display wavelengths from 3-4 to 15km with an amplitude of variation often comparable to similar to 50-70% of the total CWV. Since the bulk of atmospheric water vapor is confined to the boundary layer, this indicates that the impact of these waves extends deep into the boundary layer, and these may be the lowest level signatures of mountain lee waves presently detected by remote sensing over the land. C1 [Lyapustin, A.; Ott, L.; Holben, B.; Susskind, J.; Wang, Y.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Alexander, M. J.] NWRA CoRA Off, Boulder, CO USA. [Molod, A.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Y.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Sci Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lyapustin, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Alexei.I.Lyapustin@nasa.gov RI Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014; Ott, Lesley/E-2250-2012 OI Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739; FU NASA Program Science of Terra Aqua [NNH11CD34C] FX The research of A. Lyapustin, Y. Wang, and M.J. Alexander was funded by the NASA Program Science of Terra and Aqua (M.J.A. by contract NNH11CD34C). NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 2 BP 710 EP 716 DI 10.1002/2013GL058770 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JT UT WOS:000332991000073 ER PT J AU Yang, YK Palm, SP Marshak, A Wu, DL Yu, HB Fu, Q AF Yang, Yuekui Palm, Stephen P. Marshak, Alexander Wu, Dong L. Yu, Hongbin Fu, Qiang TI First satellite- detected perturbations of outgoing longwave radiation associated with blowing snow events over Antarctica SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE longwave radiation; blowing snow; radiative effects; Antarctica; CALIPSO; CERES ID TEMPERATURE INVERSION; SURFACE; ATMOSPHERE; PLATEAU; CLOUDS AB We present the first satellite-detected perturbations of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) associated with blowing snow events over the Antarctic ice sheet using data from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization and Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System. Significant cloud-free OLR differences are observed between the clear and blowing snow sky, with the sign and magnitude depending on season and time of the day. During nighttime, OLRs are usually larger when blowing snow is present; the average difference in OLRs between without and with blowing snow over the East Antarctic Ice Sheet is about -5.2W/m(2) for the winter months of 2009. During daytime, in contrast, the OLR perturbation is usually smaller or even has the opposite sign. The observed seasonal variations and day-night differences in the OLR perturbation are consistent with theoretical calculations of the influence of blowing snow on OLR. Detailed atmospheric profiles are needed to quantify the radiative effect of blowing snow from the satellite observations. C1 [Yang, Yuekui] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Yang, Yuekui; Palm, Stephen P.; Marshak, Alexander; Wu, Dong L.; Yu, Hongbin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Palm, Stephen P.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Yu, Hongbin] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fu, Qiang] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Yang, YK (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. EM Yuekui.Yang@nasa.gov RI Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012; Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008; Yang, Yuekui/B-4326-2015 OI Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575; FU NASA FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for reviewing this manuscript and for their insightful comments. This work is supported by NASA's Cryosphere Research Program. Data used in this study are from the Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS) at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC) at the NASA Langley Research Center. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 2 BP 730 EP 735 DI 10.1002/2013GL058932 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JT UT WOS:000332991000076 ER PT J AU Hofer, RR Goebel, DM Mikellides, IG Katz, I AF Hofer, Richard R. Goebel, Dan M. Mikellides, Ioannis G. Katz, Ira TI Magnetic shielding of a laboratory Hall thruster. II. Experiments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS; ELECTRON EMISSION; SPUTTERING YIELD; FLOW AB The physics of magnetic shielding in Hall thrusters were validated through laboratory experiments demonstrating essentially erosionless, high-performance operation. The magnetic field near the walls of a laboratory Hall thruster was modified to effectively eliminate wall erosion while maintaining the magnetic field topology away from the walls necessary to retain efficient operation. Plasma measurements at the walls validate our understanding of magnetic shielding as derived from the theory. The plasma potential was maintained very near the anode potential, the electron temperature was reduced by a factor of two to three, and the ion current density was reduced by at least a factor of two. Measurements of the carbon backsputter rate, wall geometry, and direct measurement of plasma properties at the wall indicate that the wall erosion rate was reduced by a factor of 1000 relative to the unshielded thruster. These changes effectively eliminate wall erosion as a life limitation in Hall thrusters, enabling a new class of deep-space missions that could not previously be attempted. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Hofer, Richard R.; Goebel, Dan M.; Mikellides, Ioannis G.; Katz, Ira] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hofer, RR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM richard.r.hofer@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; internal Research and Technology Development program FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and funded through the internal Research and Technology Development program. The authors are indebted to Al Owens and Ray Swindlehurst for their assistance throughput the test campaign constructing and implementing the test apparatus and maintaining the vacuum facility. Thanks also to David Conroy, Brandon Dotson, and James Polk for their insight and contributions with the magnetic field, temperature, and erosion diagnostics. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 4 AR 043304 DI 10.1063/1.4862314 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AA6LW UT WOS:000331210800012 ER PT J AU Mikellides, IG Katz, I Hofer, RR Goebel, DM AF Mikellides, Ioannis G. Katz, Ira Hofer, Richard R. Goebel, Dan M. TI Magnetic shielding of a laboratory Hall thruster. I. Theory and validation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPUTTERING YIELD; PLASMA THRUSTERS; MONATOMIC SOLIDS AB We demonstrate a technique by which erosion of the acceleration channel in Hall thrusters can be reduced by at least a few orders of magnitude. The first principles of the technique, now known as "magnetic shielding," have been derived based on the findings of 2-D numerical simulations. The simulations, in turn, guided the modification of an existing 6-kW laboratory Hall thruster to test the theory and are the main subject of this Part I article. Part II expands on the results of the experiments. Near the walls of the magnetically shielded (MS) thruster theory and experiment agree that (1) the plasma potential has been sustained at values near the discharge voltage, and (2) the electron temperature has been lowered compared to the unshielded thruster. Erosion rates deduced directly from the wall probes show reductions of at least similar to 3 orders of magnitude at the MS inner wall when an ion energy threshold of 30.5 V is used in the sputtering yield model of the channel material. At the outer wall the probes reveal that the ion energy was below the assumed threshold. Using a threshold of 25 V, the simulations predict a minimum reduction of similar to 600 at the MS inner wall. At the MS outer wall ion energies are found to be below 25 V. When a 50-V threshold is used the computed ion energies are below the threshold at both sides of the channel. Uncertainties, sensitivities, and differences between theory and experiment are also discussed. The elimination of wall erosion in Hall thrusters solves a problem that has remained unsettled for more than five decades. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Mikellides, Ioannis G.; Katz, Ira; Hofer, Richard R.; Goebel, Dan M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mikellides, IG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Ioannis.G.Mikellides@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; internal Research and Technology Development program FX The research described in this paper was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and funded through the internal Research and Technology Development program. The authors wish to acknowledge David Conroy for the magnetic field measurements and James Polk for his insight on the assessment of the erosion rates from the QCM measurements. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 4 AR 043303 DI 10.1063/1.4862313 PG 20 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AA6LW UT WOS:000331210800011 ER PT J AU Thibault, F Boulet, C Ma, QC AF Thibault, Franck Boulet, Christian Ma, Qiancheng TI Line coupling effects in the isotropic Raman spectra of N-2: A quantum calculation at room temperature SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; PRESSURE-BROADENING THEORY; NITROGEN; COLLISIONS; LINEWIDTHS; N-2-H-2; RATES AB We present quantum calculations of the relaxation matrix for the Q branch of N-2 at room temperature using a recently proposed N-2-N-2 rigid rotor potential. Close coupling calculations were complemented by coupled states studies at high energies and provide about 10 200 two-body state-to state cross sections from which the needed one-body cross-sections may be obtained. For such temperatures, convergence has to be thoroughly analyzed since such conditions are close to the limit of current computational feasibility. This has been done using complementary calculations based on the energy corrected sudden formalism. Agreement of these quantum predictions with experimental data is good, but the main goal of this work is to provide a benchmark relaxation matrix for testing more approximate methods which remain of a great utility for complex molecular systems at room (and higher) temperatures. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Thibault, Franck] Univ Rennes 1, Inst Phys Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6251, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Boulet, Christian] Univ Paris 11, Inst Sci Mol Orsay, CNRS, UMR 8214, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Ma, Qiancheng] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Ma, Qiancheng] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Thibault, F (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, Inst Phys Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6251, Campus Beaulieu,Bat 11B, F-35042 Rennes, France. EM franck.thibault@univ-rennes1.fr NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 140 IS 4 AR 044303 DI 10.1063/1.4862082 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AA6MF UT WOS:000331211700029 PM 25669519 ER PT J AU Colarco, PR Nowottnick, EP Randles, CA Yi, BQ Yang, P Kim, KM Smith, JA Bardeen, CG AF Colarco, Peter R. Nowottnick, Edward P. Randles, Cynthia A. Yi, Bingqi Yang, Ping Kim, Kyu-Myong Smith, Jamison A. Bardeen, Charles G. TI Impact of radiatively interactive dust aerosols in the NASA GEOS-5 climate model: Sensitivity to dust particle shape and refractive index SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SAHARAN AIR LAYER; SEA-SALT AEROSOL; MINERAL DUST; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DESERT DUST; LIGHT-SCATTERING; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB The radiative effects of Saharan dust aerosols are investigated in the NASA GEOS-5 atmospheric general circulation model. A sectional aerosol microphysics model (CARMA) is run online in GEOS-5. CARMA treats the dust aerosol lifecycle, and its tracers are radiatively coupled to GEOS-5. A series of AMIP-style simulations are performed, in which input dust optical properties (particle shape and refractive index) are varied. Simulated dust distributions for summertime Saharan dust compare well to observations, with best results found when the most absorbing dust optical properties are assumed. Dust absorption leads to a strengthening of the summertime Hadley cell circulation, increased dust lofting to higher altitudes, and a strengthening of the African easterly jet, resulting in increased dust atmospheric lifetime and farther northward and westward transport. We find a positive feedback of dust radiative forcing on emissions, in contrast with previous studies, which we attribute to our having a relatively strong longwave forcing caused by our simulating larger effective particle sizes. This longwave forcing reduces the magnitude of midday net surface cooling relative to other studies, and leads to a nighttime warming that results in higher nighttime wind speeds and dust emissions. The radiative effects of dust particle shape have only minor impact on transport and emissions, with small (similar to 5%) impact on top of atmosphere shortwave forcing, in line with previous studies, but relatively more pronounced effects on shortwave atmospheric heating and surface forcing (similar to 20% increase in atmospheric forcing for spheroids). Shape effects on longwave heating terms are of order similar to 10%. C1 [Colarco, Peter R.; Nowottnick, Edward P.; Randles, Cynthia A.; Kim, Kyu-Myong] NASA GSFC, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nowottnick, Edward P.] NASA GSFC, NASA Postdoctoral Program, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Randles, Cynthia A.; Kim, Kyu-Myong] GESTAR Morgan State Univ NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Yi, Bingqi; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Kim, Kyu-Myong] NASA GSFC, Climate & Radiat Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Smith, Jamison A.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bardeen, Charles G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Colarco, PR (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Peter.R.Colarco@nasa.gov RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Yi, Bingqi/E-4076-2012; Nowottnick, Edward/B-1990-2015; Kim, Kyu-Myong/G-5398-2014; Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012 OI Yi, Bingqi/0000-0002-1437-8376; Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662 FU NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) program [08-MAP-80]; NASA Center for Climate Simulations (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center [SMD-112567]; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center FX The NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) program (David Considine, program manager) supported this work under project 08-MAP-80. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center and the NASA Center for Climate Simulations (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center under project SMD-112567. We thank Arlindo da Silva for assistance in implementing the CARMA model in GEOS-5. NR 116 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 2 BP 753 EP 786 DI 10.1002/2013JD020046 PG 34 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK3PV UT WOS:000338338100011 ER PT J AU Ham, SH Kato, S Barker, HW Rose, FG Sun-Mack, S AF Ham, Seung-Hee Kato, Seiji Barker, Howard W. Rose, Fred G. Sun-Mack, Sunny TI Effects of 3-D clouds on atmospheric transmission of solar radiation: Cloud type dependencies inferred from A-train satellite data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE 3D; ICA; CERES; MODIS; CloudSat; CALIPSO ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT; CIRRUS CLOUDS; SURFACE IRRADIANCE; TERRA SATELLITE; FLUX ESTIMATION; FRACTAL CLOUDS; MONTE-CARLO; SHORTWAVE; STRATOCUMULUS AB Three-dimensional (3-D) effects on broadband shortwave top of atmosphere (TOA) nadir radiance, atmospheric absorption, and surface irradiance are examined using 3-D cloud fields obtained from one hour's worth of A-train satellite observations and one-dimensional (1-D) independent column approximation (ICA) and full 3-D radiative transfer simulations. The 3-D minus ICA differences in TOA nadir radiance multiplied by , atmospheric absorption, and surface downwelling irradiance, denoted as I, A, and T, respectively, are analyzed by cloud type. At the 1 km pixel scale, I, A, and T exhibit poor spatial correlation. Once averaged with a moving window, however, better linear relationships among I, A, and T emerge, especially for moving windows larger than 5km and large (0). While cloud properties and solar geometry are shown to influence the relationships amongst I, A, and T, once they are separated by cloud type, their linear relationships become much stronger. This suggests that ICA biases in surface irradiance and atmospheric absorption can be approximated based on ICA biases in nadir radiance as a function of cloud type. Key Points The 3-D minus ICA irradiance is obtained at TOA, atmosphere, and surface level For larger scale, linear relationships emerge among the three difference terms Cloud type determines the relationships among the three difference terms C1 [Ham, Seung-Hee; Kato, Seiji] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Barker, Howard W.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Rose, Fred G.; Sun-Mack, Sunny] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Ham, SH (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM seung-hee.ham@nasa.gov OI Rose, Fred G/0000-0003-0769-0772 FU CERES; NASA Energy Water Cycle Study (NEWS) project; NASA Postdoctoral Program at the NASA Langley Research Center FX We thank Alexander Marshak for useful discussions and Robert Pincus and Frank Evans for making the I3RC Monte Carlo code publicly available. The work is, in part, supported by the CERES and NASA Energy Water Cycle Study (NEWS) project. S.-H. Ham was also supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the NASA Langley Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU). NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 2 BP 943 EP 963 DI 10.1002/2013JD020683 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD1LK UT WOS:000332995300016 ER PT J AU Arvidson, RE Squyres, SW Bell, JF Catalano, JG Clark, BC Crumpler, LS de Souza, PA Fairen, AG Farrand, WH Fox, VK Gellert, R Ghosh, A Golombek, MP Grotzinger, JP Guinness, EA Herkenhoff, KE Jolliff, BL Knoll, AH Li, R McLennan, SM Ming, DW Mittlefehldt, DW Moore, JM Morris, RV Murchie, SL Parker, TJ Paulsen, G Rice, JW Ruff, SW Smith, MD Wolff, MJ AF Arvidson, R. E. Squyres, S. W. Bell, J. F., III Catalano, J. G. Clark, B. C. Crumpler, L. S. de Souza, P. A., Jr. Fairen, A. G. Farrand, W. H. Fox, V. K. Gellert, R. Ghosh, A. Golombek, M. P. Grotzinger, J. P. Guinness, E. A. Herkenhoff, K. E. Jolliff, B. L. Knoll, A. H. Li, R. McLennan, S. M. Ming, D. W. Mittlefehldt, D. W. Moore, J. M. Morris, R. V. Murchie, S. L. Parker, T. J. Paulsen, G. Rice, J. W. Ruff, S. W. Smith, M. D. Wolff, M. J. TI Ancient Aqueous Environments at Endeavour Crater, Mars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MERIDIANI-PLANUM; RIES CRATER; SUEVITE AB Opportunity has investigated in detail rocks on the rim of the Noachian age Endeavour crater, where orbital spectral reflectance signatures indicate the presence of Fe+3-rich smectites. The signatures are associated with fine-grained, layered rocks containing spherules of diagenetic or impact origin. The layered rocks are overlain by breccias, and both units are cut by calcium sulfate veins precipitated from fluids that circulated after the Endeavour impact. Compositional data for fractures in the layered rocks suggest formation of Al-rich smectites by aqueous leaching. Evidence is thus preserved for water-rock interactions before and after the impact, with aqueous environments of slightly acidic to circum-neutral pH that would have been more favorable for prebiotic chemistry and microorganisms than those recorded by younger sulfate-rich rocks at Meridiani Planum. C1 [Arvidson, R. E.; Catalano, J. G.; Fox, V. K.; Guinness, E. A.; Jolliff, B. L.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Squyres, S. W.; Fairen, A. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bell, J. F., III; Ruff, S. W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Clark, B. C.; Farrand, W. H.; Wolff, M. J.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Crumpler, L. S.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [de Souza, P. A., Jr.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org CSIRO Computat Inf, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Ghosh, A.] Tharsis Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. [Golombek, M. P.; Parker, T. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Grotzinger, J. P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Knoll, A. H.] Harvard Univ, Bot Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Li, R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [McLennan, S. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Ming, D. W.; Mittlefehldt, D. W.; Morris, R. V.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Moore, J. M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Murchie, S. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Paulsen, G.] Honeybee Robot Spacecraft Mech Corp, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA. [Rice, J. W.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Smith, M. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Arvidson, RE (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM arvidson@wunder.wustl.edu RI de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015 OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751 FU NASA FX This work was supported by NASA. The CRISM operations team at the Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, and the Opportunity operations team at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology were responsible for planning and acquiring the relevant data. The NASA Planetary Data System through the Geosciences Node (http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/) provides access to the CRISM and Opportunity data used in this paper. NR 30 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 5 U2 91 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 24 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6169 AR 1248097 DI 10.1126/science.1248097 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 294IR UT WOS:000330039300008 PM 24458648 ER PT J AU Farley, KA Malespin, C Mahaffy, P Grotzinger, JP Vasconcelos, PM Milliken, RE Malin, M Edgett, KS Pavlov, AA Hurowitz, JA Grant, JA Miller, HB Arvidson, R Beegle, L Calef, F Conrad, PG Dietrich, WE Eigenbrode, J Gellert, R Gupta, S Hamilton, V Hassler, DM Lewis, KW McLennan, SM Ming, D Navarro-Gonzalez, R Schwenzer, SP Steele, A Stolper, EM Sumner, DY Vaniman, D Vasavada, A Williford, K Wimmer-Schweingruber, RF AF Farley, K. A. Malespin, C. Mahaffy, P. Grotzinger, J. P. Vasconcelos, P. M. Milliken, R. E. Malin, M. Edgett, K. S. Pavlov, A. A. Hurowitz, J. A. Grant, J. A. Miller, H. B. Arvidson, R. Beegle, L. Calef, F. Conrad, P. G. Dietrich, W. E. Eigenbrode, J. Gellert, R. Gupta, S. Hamilton, V. Hassler, D. M. Lewis, K. W. McLennan, S. M. Ming, D. Navarro-Gonzalez, R. Schwenzer, S. P. Steele, A. Stolper, E. M. Sumner, D. Y. Vaniman, D. Vasavada, A. Williford, K. Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F. CA MSL Sci Team TI In Situ Radiometric and Exposure Age Dating of the Martian Surface SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GALE CRATER; MARS; EVOLUTION; HISTORY; ORIGIN; CHRONOLOGY; ISOTOPES; FIELD AB We determined radiogenic and cosmogenic noble gases in a mudstone on the floor of Gale Crater. A K-Ar age of 4.21 +/- 0.35 billion years represents a mixture of detrital and authigenic components and confirms the expected antiquity of rocks comprising the crater rim. Cosmic-ray-produced He-3, Ne-21, and Ar-36 yield concordant surface exposure ages of 78 +/- 30 million years. Surface exposure occurred mainly in the present geomorphic setting rather than during primary erosion and transport. Our observations are consistent with mudstone deposition shortly after the Gale impact or possibly in a later event of rapid erosion and deposition. The mudstone remained buried until recent exposure by wind-driven scarp retreat. Sedimentary rocks exposed by this mechanism may thus offer the best potential for organic biomarker preservation against destruction by cosmic radiation. C1 [Farley, K. A.; Grotzinger, J. P.; Miller, H. B.; Stolper, E. M.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Malespin, C.; Mahaffy, P.; Pavlov, A. A.; Conrad, P. G.; Eigenbrode, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Vasconcelos, P. M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Earth Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Milliken, R. E.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Malin, M.; Edgett, K. S.] Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Hurowitz, J. A.; McLennan, S. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Grant, J. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Arvidson, R.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Beegle, L.; Calef, F.; Vasavada, A.; Williford, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Dietrich, W. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Gupta, S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Hamilton, V.; Hassler, D. M.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Lewis, K. W.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ming, D.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Navarro-Gonzalez, R.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Schwenzer, S. P.] CEPSAR, Dept Phys Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Steele, A.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Sumner, D. Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Vaniman, D.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F.] Univ Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. RP Farley, KA (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM farley@gps.caltech.edu RI szopa, cyril/C-6865-2015; Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/G-6329-2015; Harri, Ari-Matti/C-7142-2012; Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/F-2184-2015; Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012; Frydenvang, Jens/D-4781-2013; Gonzalez, Rafael/D-1748-2009; Balic-Zunic, Tonci/A-6362-2013; Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010; de Pablo, Miguel Angel/J-6442-2014; Gomez-Elvira, Javier/K-5829-2014; Ramos, Miguel/K-2230-2014; Gomez, Felipe/L-7315-2014; Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose/L-8001-2014; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/C-5784-2015 OI Schwenzer, Susanne Petra/0000-0002-9608-0759; szopa, cyril/0000-0002-0090-4056; Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/0000-0001-6479-2236; Harri, Ari-Matti/0000-0001-8541-2802; Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/0000-0002-4492-9650; Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997; Edgett, Kenneth/0000-0001-7197-5751; Muller, Jan-Peter/0000-0002-5077-3736; Frydenvang, Jens/0000-0001-9294-1227; Balic-Zunic, Tonci/0000-0003-1687-1233; Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136; de Pablo, Miguel Angel/0000-0002-4496-2741; Gomez-Elvira, Javier/0000-0002-9068-9846; Ramos, Miguel/0000-0003-3648-6818; Gomez, Felipe/0000-0001-9977-7060; Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose/0000-0003-0461-9815; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/0000-0002-4492-9650 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors are indebted to the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Project engineering and management teams for their exceptionally skilled and diligent efforts in making the mission as effective as possible and enhancing science operations. We are also grateful to all those MSL team members who participated in tactical and strategic operations. Without the support of both the engineering and science teams, the data presented here could not have been collected. Three anonymous reviewers provided many helpful suggestions. Some of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Data presented in this paper are archived in the Planetary Data System (pds.nasa.gov). NR 35 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 7 U2 91 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 24 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6169 AR 1247166 DI 10.1126/science.1247166 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 294IR UT WOS:000330039300007 PM 24324273 ER PT J AU Hassler, DM Zeitlin, C Wimmer-Schweingruber, RF Ehresmann, B Rafkin, S Eigenbrode, JL Brinza, DE Weigle, G Bottcher, S Bohm, E Burmeister, S Guo, JN Kohler, J Martin, C Reitz, G Cucinotta, FA Kim, MH Grinspoon, D Bullock, MA Posner, A Gomez-Elvira, J Vasavada, A Grotzinger, JP AF Hassler, Donald M. Zeitlin, Cary Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F. Ehresmann, Bent Rafkin, Scot Eigenbrode, Jennifer L. Brinza, David E. Weigle, Gerald Boettcher, Stephan Boehm, Eckart Burmeister, Soenke Guo, Jingnan Koehler, Jan Martin, Cesar Reitz, Guenther Cucinotta, Francis A. Kim, Myung-Hee Grinspoon, David Bullock, Mark A. Posner, Arik Gomez-Elvira, Javier Vasavada, Ashwin Grotzinger, John P. CA MSL Sci Team TI Mars' Surface Radiation Environment Measured with the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity Rover SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; IONIZING-RADIATION; MARTIAN SOIL; ORIGIN; RISKS; SPACE; MODEL; BIOSIGNATURES; VISUALIZATION; PERCHLORATES AB The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover began making detailed measurements of the cosmic ray and energetic particle radiation environment on the surface of Mars on 7 August 2012. We report and discuss measurements of the absorbed dose and dose equivalent from galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles on the martian surface for similar to 300 days of observations during the current solar maximum. These measurements provide insight into the radiation hazards associated with a human mission to the surface of Mars and provide an anchor point with which to model the subsurface radiation environment, with implications for microbial survival times of any possible extant or past life, as well as for the preservation of potential organic biosignatures of the ancient martian environment. C1 [Hassler, Donald M.; Zeitlin, Cary; Ehresmann, Bent; Rafkin, Scot; Bullock, Mark A.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F.; Boettcher, Stephan; Boehm, Eckart; Burmeister, Soenke; Guo, Jingnan; Koehler, Jan; Martin, Cesar] Univ Kiel, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Eigenbrode, Jennifer L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brinza, David E.; Vasavada, Ashwin; Grotzinger, John P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Weigle, Gerald] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Reitz, Guenther] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. [Cucinotta, Francis A.] Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Kim, Myung-Hee] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Grinspoon, David] Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Denver, CO 80205 USA. [Posner, Arik] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Gomez-Elvira, Javier] Ctr Astrobiol INTA CSIC, Madrid 28850, Spain. RP Hassler, DM (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM hassler@boulder.swri.edu RI szopa, cyril/C-6865-2015; Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/G-6329-2015; Harri, Ari-Matti/C-7142-2012; Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/F-2184-2015; Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012; Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010; Frydenvang, Jens/D-4781-2013; de Pablo, Miguel Angel/J-6442-2014; Gomez-Elvira, Javier/K-5829-2014; Ramos, Miguel/K-2230-2014; Gomez, Felipe/L-7315-2014; Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose/L-8001-2014; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/C-5784-2015; Gonzalez, Rafael/D-1748-2009; Balic-Zunic, Tonci/A-6362-2013 OI szopa, cyril/0000-0002-0090-4056; Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/0000-0001-6479-2236; Harri, Ari-Matti/0000-0001-8541-2802; Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/0000-0002-4492-9650; Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997; Muller, Jan-Peter/0000-0002-5077-3736; Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136; Frydenvang, Jens/0000-0001-9294-1227; de Pablo, Miguel Angel/0000-0002-4496-2741; Gomez-Elvira, Javier/0000-0002-9068-9846; Ramos, Miguel/0000-0003-3648-6818; Gomez, Felipe/0000-0001-9977-7060; Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose/0000-0003-0461-9815; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/0000-0002-4492-9650; Balic-Zunic, Tonci/0000-0003-1687-1233 FU NASA under Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) [1273039]; Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt (DLR); DLR's Space Administration [50QM0501, 50 QM1201]; NASA FX This paper is dedicated to Dr. Michael J. Wargo at NASA HQ, who passed away unexpectedly on 4 August 2013. Mike was Chief Exploration Scientist in the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD) and an enthusiastic supporter of collaborative projects between Science and Exploration. He was a strong supporter of RAD and a valuable member of both the science and exploration communities. He was a good friend and a wonderful human being, and he will be greatly missed. RAD is supported by NASA under Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) subcontract 1273039 to Southwest Research Institute and in Germany by Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt (DLR) and DLR's Space Administration grant numbers 50QM0501 and 50 QM1201 to the Christian Albrechts University, Kiel. Part of this research was carried out at JPL, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. We extend sincere gratitude to J. Simmonds and J. Crisp at JPL; G. Allen, M. Meyer, C. Moore, V. Friedensen, and R. Williams at NASA HQ; and H. Witte at DLR in Germany for their unwavering support of RAD over the years. The authors also thank the reviewers for their careful and thoughtful comments and suggestions. The data used in this paper are archived in the NASA Planetary Data System's Planetary Plasma Interactions (PPI) node at the University of California, Los Angeles. The archival volume includes the full binary raw data files, detailed descriptions of the structures therein, and higher-level data products in human-readable form. The PPI node is hosted at http://ppi.pds.nasa.gov. NR 68 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 7 U2 115 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 24 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6169 AR 1244797 DI 10.1126/science.1244797 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 294IR UT WOS:000330039300005 PM 24324275 ER PT J AU McLennan, SM Anderson, RB Bell, JF Bridges, JC Calef, F Campbell, JL Clark, BC Clegg, S Conrad, P Cousin, A Des Marais, DJ Dromart, G Dyar, MD Edgar, LA Ehlmann, BL Fabre, C Forni, O Gasnault, O Gellert, R Gordon, S Grant, JA Grotzinger, JP Gupta, S Herkenhoff, KE Hurowitz, JA King, PL Le Mouelic, S Leshin, LA Leveille, R Lewis, KW Mangold, N Maurice, S Ming, DW Morris, RV Nachon, M Newsom, HE Ollila, AM Perrett, GM Rice, MS Schmidt, ME Schwenzer, SP Stack, K Stolper, EM Sumner, DY Treiman, AH VanBommel, S Vaniman, DT Vasavada, A Wiens, RC Yingst, RA AF McLennan, S. M. Anderson, R. B. Bell, J. F., III Bridges, J. C. Calef, F., III Campbell, J. L. Clark, B. C. Clegg, S. Conrad, P. Cousin, A. Des Marais, D. J. Dromart, G. Dyar, M. D. Edgar, L. A. Ehlmann, B. L. Fabre, C. Forni, O. Gasnault, O. Gellert, R. Gordon, S. Grant, J. A. Grotzinger, J. P. Gupta, S. Herkenhoff, K. E. Hurowitz, J. A. King, P. L. Le Mouelic, S. Leshin, L. A. Leveille, R. Lewis, K. W. Mangold, N. Maurice, S. Ming, D. W. Morris, R. V. Nachon, M. Newsom, H. E. Ollila, A. M. Perrett, G. M. Rice, M. S. Schmidt, M. E. Schwenzer, S. P. Stack, K. Stolper, E. M. Sumner, D. Y. Treiman, A. H. VanBommel, S. Vaniman, D. T. Vasavada, A. Wiens, R. C. Yingst, R. A. CA MSL Sci Team TI Elemental Geochemistry of Sedimentary Rocks at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHEMCAM INSTRUMENT SUITE; CLAY MINERAL FORMATION; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SILICICLASTIC SEDIMENTS; MASS-BALANCE; CANADA; PROVENANCE; PETROGENESIS; CHEMISTRY; PROFILES AB Sedimentary rocks examined by the Curiosity rover at Yellowknife Bay, Mars, were derived from sources that evolved from an approximately average martian crustal composition to one influenced by alkaline basalts. No evidence of chemical weathering is preserved, indicating arid, possibly cold, paleoclimates and rapid erosion and deposition. The absence of predicted geochemical variations indicates that magnetite and phyllosilicates formed by diagenesis under low-temperature, circumneutral pH, rock-dominated aqueous conditions. Analyses of diagenetic features (including concretions, raised ridges, and fractures) at high spatial resolution indicate that they are composed of iron-and halogen-rich components, magnesium-iron-chlorine-rich components, and hydrated calcium sulfates, respectively. Composition of a cross-cutting dike-like feature is consistent with sedimentary intrusion. The geochemistry of these sedimentary rocks provides further evidence for diverse depositional and diagenetic sedimentary environments during the early history of Mars. C1 [McLennan, S. M.; Hurowitz, J. A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Anderson, R. B.; Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bell, J. F., III; Edgar, L. A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Bridges, J. C.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Calef, F., III; Ehlmann, B. L.; Vasavada, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Campbell, J. L.; Gellert, R.; Perrett, G. M.; VanBommel, S.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Clark, B. C.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Clegg, S.; Cousin, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Conrad, P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Des Marais, D. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Dept Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Dromart, G.] Univ Lyon, Lab Geol Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Dyar, M. D.] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Ehlmann, B. L.; Grotzinger, J. P.; Rice, M. S.; Stack, K.; Stolper, E. M.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fabre, C.] Fac Sci, CNRS Georesources, UMR 7359, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Forni, O.; Gasnault, O.] Univ Toulouse, IRAP, UPS OMP CNRS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Gordon, S.; Newsom, H. E.; Ollila, A. M.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Grant, J. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Gupta, S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [King, P. L.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Le Mouelic, S.; Mangold, N.; Nachon, M.] LPGN CNRS UMR 6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-4432 Nantes, France. [Le Mouelic, S.; Mangold, N.; Nachon, M.] Univ Nantes, F-4432 Nantes, France. [Leshin, L. A.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Sch Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Leveille, R.] Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ J3Y 8Y9, Canada. [Lewis, K. W.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Maurice, S.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Ming, D. W.; Morris, R. V.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Schmidt, M. E.] Brock Univ, Dept Earth Sci, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. [Schwenzer, S. P.] Open Univ, CEPSAR, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Sumner, D. Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Treiman, A. H.] Lunar Planetary Sci Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Vaniman, D. T.; Yingst, R. A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Wiens, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Space & Response Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McLennan, SM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM scott.mclennan@stonybrook.edu RI Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/C-5784-2015; Frydenvang, Jens/D-4781-2013; Gonzalez, Rafael/D-1748-2009; Balic-Zunic, Tonci/A-6362-2013; Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010; de Pablo, Miguel Angel/J-6442-2014; Gomez-Elvira, Javier/K-5829-2014; Ramos, Miguel/K-2230-2014; Gomez, Felipe/L-7315-2014; Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose/L-8001-2014; szopa, cyril/C-6865-2015; Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/G-6329-2015; King, Penelope/A-1791-2011; Harri, Ari-Matti/C-7142-2012; Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/F-2184-2015; Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012; OI Schwenzer, Susanne Petra/0000-0002-9608-0759; Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/0000-0002-4492-9650; Frydenvang, Jens/0000-0001-9294-1227; Balic-Zunic, Tonci/0000-0003-1687-1233; Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136; de Pablo, Miguel Angel/0000-0002-4496-2741; Gomez-Elvira, Javier/0000-0002-9068-9846; Ramos, Miguel/0000-0003-3648-6818; Gomez, Felipe/0000-0001-9977-7060; Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose/0000-0003-0461-9815; szopa, cyril/0000-0002-0090-4056; Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/0000-0001-6479-2236; King, Penelope/0000-0002-8364-9168; Harri, Ari-Matti/0000-0001-8541-2802; Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/0000-0002-4492-9650; Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997; Muller, Jan-Peter/0000-0002-5077-3736 FU French Space Agency; NASA; CNES; Canadian Space Agency; NSERC (Canada); United Kingdom Space Agency (UK) FX Much of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. Development and operation of the ChemCam and APXS instruments were also supported by funds from the French Space Agency, CNES, and the Canadian Space Agency. Organizations supporting research include NASA, the Canadian Space Agency, NSERC (Canada), and the United Kingdom Space Agency (UK). Chemical data presented here are derived from archived data sets in the NASA Planetary Data System (PDS), http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/msl. We are grateful to the MSL engineering and management teams for making the mission and this scientific investigation possible and to science team members who contributed to mission operations. S. M. M. thanks Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, and especially S. Hemming, for hospitality during a sabbatical when the manuscript was being prepared. NR 62 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 15 U2 158 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 24 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6169 AR 1244734 DI 10.1126/science.1244734 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 294IR UT WOS:000330039300004 PM 24324274 ER PT J AU Ming, DW Archer, PD Glavin, DP Eigenbrode, JL Franz, HB Sutter, B Brunner, AE Stern, JC Freissinet, C McAdam, AC Mahaffy, PR Cabane, M Coll, P Campbell, JL Atreya, SK Niles, PB Bell, JF Bish, DL Brinckerhoff, WB Buch, A Conrad, PG Des Marais, DJ Ehlmann, BL Fairen, AG Farley, K Flesch, GJ Francois, P Gellert, R Grant, JA Grotzinger, JP Gupta, S Herkenhoff, KE Hurowitz, JA Leshin, LA Lewis, KW McLennan, SM Miller, KE Moersch, J Morris, RV Navarro-Gonzalez, R Pavlov, AA Perrett, GM Pradler, I Squyres, SW Summons, RE Steele, A Stolper, EM Sumner, DY Szopa, C Teinturier, S Trainer, MG Treiman, AH Vaniman, DT Vasavada, AR Webster, CR Wray, JJ Yingst, RA AF Ming, D. W. Archer, P. D., Jr. Glavin, D. P. Eigenbrode, J. L. Franz, H. B. Sutter, B. Brunner, A. E. Stern, J. C. Freissinet, C. McAdam, A. C. Mahaffy, P. R. Cabane, M. Coll, P. Campbell, J. L. Atreya, S. K. Niles, P. B. Bell, J. F., III Bish, D. L. Brinckerhoff, W. B. Buch, A. Conrad, P. G. Des Marais, D. J. Ehlmann, B. L. Fairen, A. G. Farley, K. Flesch, G. J. Francois, P. Gellert, R. Grant, J. A. Grotzinger, J. P. Gupta, S. Herkenhoff, K. E. Hurowitz, J. A. Leshin, L. A. Lewis, K. W. McLennan, S. M. Miller, K. E. Moersch, J. Morris, R. V. Navarro-Gonzalez, R. Pavlov, A. A. Perrett, G. M. Pradler, I. Squyres, S. W. Summons, R. E. Steele, A. Stolper, E. M. Sumner, D. Y. Szopa, C. Teinturier, S. Trainer, M. G. Treiman, A. H. Vaniman, D. T. Vasavada, A. R. Webster, C. R. Wray, J. J. Yingst, R. A. CA MSL Sci Team TI Volatile and Organic Compositions of Sedimentary Rocks in Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARTIAN SOIL; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; PERCHLORATE; HYDROGEN; SURFACE; ANALOG; SITE AB H2O, CO2, SO2, O-2, H-2, H2S, HCl, chlorinated hydrocarbons, NO, and other trace gases were evolved during pyrolysis of two mudstone samples acquired by the Curiosity rover at Yellowknife Bay within Gale crater, Mars. H2O/OH-bearing phases included 2:1 phyllosilicate(s), bassanite, akaganeite, and amorphous materials. Thermal decomposition of carbonates and combustion of organic materials are candidate sources for the CO2. Concurrent evolution of O-2 and chlorinated hydrocarbons suggests the presence of oxychlorine phase(s). Sulfides are likely sources for sulfur-bearing species. Higher abundances of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the mudstone compared with Rocknest windblown materials previously analyzed by Curiosity suggest that indigenous martian or meteoritic organic carbon sources may be preserved in the mudstone; however, the carbon source for the chlorinated hydrocarbons is not definitively of martian origin. C1 [Ming, D. W.; Niles, P. B.; Morris, R. V.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Directorate, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Archer, P. D., Jr.; Sutter, B.] Jacobs, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Glavin, D. P.; Eigenbrode, J. L.; Franz, H. B.; Brunner, A. E.; Stern, J. C.; Freissinet, C.; McAdam, A. C.; Mahaffy, P. R.; Brinckerhoff, W. B.; Conrad, P. G.; Pavlov, A. A.; Trainer, M. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Environments Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Franz, H. B.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Brunner, A. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Freissinet, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA Postdoctoral Program, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cabane, M.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, Lab Atmospheres, UMR CNRS 8970, F-75005 Paris, France. [Coll, P.; Francois, P.; Szopa, C.; Teinturier, S.] Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, F-94000 Creteil, France. [Coll, P.; Francois, P.; Szopa, C.; Teinturier, S.] CNRS, F-94000 Creteil, France. [Campbell, J. L.; Gellert, R.; Perrett, G. M.; Pradler, I.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Atreya, S. K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bell, J. F., III] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Bish, D. L.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Buch, A.] Ecole Cent Paris, Lab Genie Procedes & Mat, F-92295 Chatenay Malabry, France. [Des Marais, D. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Dept Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Ehlmann, B. L.; Farley, K.; Grotzinger, J. P.; Stolper, E. M.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ehlmann, B. L.; Flesch, G. J.; Vasavada, A. R.; Webster, C. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Fairen, A. G.; Squyres, S. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Grant, J. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Gupta, S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hurowitz, J. A.; McLennan, S. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Leshin, L. A.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Leshin, L. A.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Sch Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Lewis, K. W.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Miller, K. E.; Summons, R. E.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Moersch, J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Navarro-Gonzalez, R.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Steele, A.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Sumner, D. Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Treiman, A. H.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Vaniman, D. T.; Yingst, R. A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Wray, J. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Ming, DW (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Directorate, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM douglas.w.ming@nasa.gov RI Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Trainer, Melissa/E-1477-2012; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/C-5784-2015; szopa, cyril/C-6865-2015; Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/G-6329-2015; Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012; Harri, Ari-Matti/C-7142-2012; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/F-2184-2015; Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012; Gomez-Elvira, Javier/K-5829-2014; Ramos, Miguel/K-2230-2014; Gomez, Felipe/L-7315-2014; Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose/L-8001-2014; Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Stern, Jennifer/E-3135-2012; Frydenvang, Jens/D-4781-2013; Gonzalez, Rafael/D-1748-2009; Balic-Zunic, Tonci/A-6362-2013; Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010; de Pablo, Miguel Angel/J-6442-2014 OI Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/0000-0002-4492-9650; szopa, cyril/0000-0002-0090-4056; Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/0000-0001-6479-2236; Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765; Harri, Ari-Matti/0000-0001-8541-2802; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/0000-0002-4492-9650; Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997; Muller, Jan-Peter/0000-0002-5077-3736; Gomez-Elvira, Javier/0000-0002-9068-9846; Ramos, Miguel/0000-0003-3648-6818; Gomez, Felipe/0000-0001-9977-7060; Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose/0000-0003-0461-9815; Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Stern, Jennifer/0000-0002-0162-8807; Frydenvang, Jens/0000-0001-9294-1227; Balic-Zunic, Tonci/0000-0003-1687-1233; Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136; de Pablo, Miguel Angel/0000-0002-4496-2741 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); French Space Agency (CNES); Canadian Space Agency; UK Space Agency; NASA ROSES MSL Participating Scientist Program FX We are indebted to the Mars Science Laboratory Project engineering and management teams for making this mission possible and enhancing science operations. Much of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NASA provided support for the development of SAM. Data from these SAM experiments are archived in the Planetary Data System (pds.nasa.gov). Essential contributions to the successful operation of SAM on Mars and the acquisition of this data were provided by the SAM development, operations, and testbed teams. Development and operation of the SAM and APXS instruments were also supported by funds from the French Space Agency (CNES) and the Canadian Space Agency. Work in the UK was funded by the UK Space Agency. B. L. E., J.L.E., K. F., D. P. G., J.E.G., K. E. M., S. M. M., J.M., P.B.N., and R. E. S. acknowledge funding support from the NASA ROSES MSL Participating Scientist Program. NR 47 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 18 U2 184 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 24 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6169 AR 1245267 DI 10.1126/science.1245267 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 294IR UT WOS:000330039300006 PM 24324276 ER PT J AU Vaniman, DT Bish, DL Ming, DW Bristow, TF Morris, RV Blake, DF Chipera, SJ Morrison, SM Treiman, AH Rampe, EB Rice, M Achilles, CN Grotzinger, JP McLennan, SM Williams, J Bell, JF Newsom, HE Downs, RT Maurice, S Sarrazin, P Yen, AS Morookian, JM Farmer, JD Stack, K Milliken, RE Ehlmann, BL Sumner, DY Berger, G Crisp, JA Hurowitz, JA Anderson, R Des Marais, DJ Stolper, EM Edgett, KS Gupta, S Spanovich, N AF Vaniman, D. T. Bish, D. L. Ming, D. W. Bristow, T. F. Morris, R. V. Blake, D. F. Chipera, S. J. Morrison, S. M. Treiman, A. H. Rampe, E. B. Rice, M. Achilles, C. N. Grotzinger, J. P. McLennan, S. M. Williams, J. Bell, J. F., III Newsom, H. E. Downs, R. T. Maurice, S. Sarrazin, P. Yen, A. S. Morookian, J. M. Farmer, J. D. Stack, K. Milliken, R. E. Ehlmann, B. L. Sumner, D. Y. Berger, G. Crisp, J. A. Hurowitz, J. A. Anderson, R. Des Marais, D. J. Stolper, E. M. Edgett, K. S. Gupta, S. Spanovich, N. CA MSL Sci Team TI Mineralogy of a Mudstone at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHEMCAM INSTRUMENT SUITE; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; CLAY-MINERALS; BASSANITE; WATER; SURFACE; SYSTEM; TRANSFORMATIONS; CONSTRAINTS AB Sedimentary rocks at Yellowknife Bay (Gale crater) on Mars include mudstone sampled by the Curiosity rover. The samples, John Klein and Cumberland, contain detrital basaltic minerals, calcium sulfates, iron oxide or hydroxides, iron sulfides, amorphous material, and trioctahedral smectites. The John Klein smectite has basal spacing of similar to 10 angstroms, indicating little interlayer hydration. The Cumberland smectite has basal spacing at both similar to 13.2 and similar to 10 angstroms. The larger spacing suggests a partially chloritized interlayer or interlayer magnesium or calcium facilitating H2O retention. Basaltic minerals in the mudstone are similar to those in nearby eolian deposits. However, the mudstone has far less Fe-forsterite, possibly lost with formation of smectite plus magnetite. Late Noachian/Early Hesperian or younger age indicates that clay mineral formation on Mars extended beyond Noachian time. C1 [Vaniman, D. T.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bish, D. L.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Ming, D. W.; Morris, R. V.; Rampe, E. B.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Bristow, T. F.; Blake, D. F.; Des Marais, D. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Chipera, S. J.] Chesapeake Energy, Oklahoma City, OK 73154 USA. [Morrison, S. M.; Downs, R. T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Treiman, A. H.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Rice, M.; Grotzinger, J. P.; Stack, K.; Ehlmann, B. L.; Stolper, E. M.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Achilles, C. N.] ESCG UTC Aerosp Syst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [McLennan, S. M.; Hurowitz, J. A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Williams, J.; Newsom, H. E.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Bell, J. F., III; Farmer, J. D.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Maurice, S.; Berger, G.] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, IRAP, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Sarrazin, P.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Yen, A. S.; Morookian, J. M.; Ehlmann, B. L.; Crisp, J. A.; Anderson, R.; Spanovich, N.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Milliken, R. E.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Sumner, D. Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Edgett, K. S.] Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Gupta, S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Vaniman, DT (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM dvaniman@psi.edu RI szopa, cyril/C-6865-2015; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/F-2184-2015; Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/G-6329-2015; Blanco, Juan Jose/E-3627-2014; BERGER, Gilles/F-7118-2016; Crisp, Joy/H-8287-2016; Harri, Ari-Matti/C-7142-2012; Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012; Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012; Gailhanou, Marc/F-8251-2014; de Pablo, Miguel Angel/J-6442-2014; Gomez-Elvira, Javier/K-5829-2014; Ramos, Miguel/K-2230-2014; Gomez, Felipe/L-7315-2014; Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose/L-8001-2014; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/C-5784-2015; Frydenvang, Jens/D-4781-2013; Gonzalez, Rafael/D-1748-2009; Balic-Zunic, Tonci/A-6362-2013; Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010 OI Edgett, Kenneth/0000-0001-7197-5751; Muller, Jan-Peter/0000-0002-5077-3736; szopa, cyril/0000-0002-0090-4056; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/0000-0002-4492-9650; Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/0000-0001-6479-2236; Blanco, Juan Jose/0000-0002-8666-0696; Crisp, Joy/0000-0002-3202-4416; Harri, Ari-Matti/0000-0001-8541-2802; Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765; Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997; Gailhanou, Marc/0000-0002-7747-703X; de Pablo, Miguel Angel/0000-0002-4496-2741; Gomez-Elvira, Javier/0000-0002-9068-9846; Ramos, Miguel/0000-0003-3648-6818; Gomez, Felipe/0000-0001-9977-7060; Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose/0000-0003-0461-9815; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/0000-0002-4492-9650; Frydenvang, Jens/0000-0001-9294-1227; Balic-Zunic, Tonci/0000-0003-1687-1233; Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136 FU NASA Mars Science Laboratory Mission; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This paper was significantly improved by comments and recommendations from two anonymous reviewers. Support from the NASA Mars Science Laboratory Mission is gratefully acknowledged. Some of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 64 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 14 U2 170 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 24 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6169 AR 1243480 DI 10.1126/science.1243480 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 294IR UT WOS:000330039300003 PM 24324271 ER PT J AU Grotzinger, JP Sumner, DY Kah, LC Stack, K Gupta, S Edgar, L Rubin, D Lewis, K Schieber, J Mangold, N Milliken, R Conrad, PG DesMarais, D Farmer, J Siebach, K Calef, F Hurowitz, J McLennan, SM Ming, D Vaniman, D Crisp, J Vasavada, A Edgett, KS Malin, M Blake, D Gellert, R Mahaffy, P Wiens, RC Maurice, S Grant, JA Wilson, S Anderson, RC Beegle, L Arvidson, R Hallet, B Sletten, RS Rice, M Bell, J Griffes, J Ehlmann, B Anderson, RB Bristow, TF Dietrich, WE Dromart, G Eigenbrode, J Fraeman, A Hardgrove, C Herkenhoff, K Jandura, L Kocurek, G Lee, S Leshin, LA Leveille, R Limonadi, D Maki, J McCloskey, S Meyer, M Minitti, M Newsom, H Oehler, D Okon, A Palucis, M Parker, T Rowland, S Schmidt, M Squyres, S Steele, A Stolper, E Summons, R Treiman, A Williams, R Yingst, A AF Grotzinger, J. P. Sumner, D. Y. Kah, L. C. Stack, K. Gupta, S. Edgar, L. Rubin, D. Lewis, K. Schieber, J. Mangold, N. Milliken, R. Conrad, P. G. DesMarais, D. Farmer, J. Siebach, K. Calef, F., III Hurowitz, J. McLennan, S. M. Ming, D. Vaniman, D. Crisp, J. Vasavada, A. Edgett, K. S. Malin, M. Blake, D. Gellert, R. Mahaffy, P. Wiens, R. C. Maurice, S. Grant, J. A. Wilson, S. Anderson, R. C. Beegle, L. Arvidson, R. Hallet, B. Sletten, R. S. Rice, M. Bell, J., III Griffes, J. Ehlmann, B. Anderson, R. B. Bristow, T. F. Dietrich, W. E. Dromart, G. Eigenbrode, J. Fraeman, A. Hardgrove, C. Herkenhoff, K. Jandura, L. Kocurek, G. Lee, S. Leshin, L. A. Leveille, R. Limonadi, D. Maki, J. McCloskey, S. Meyer, M. Minitti, M. Newsom, H. Oehler, D. Okon, A. Palucis, M. Parker, T. Rowland, S. Schmidt, M. Squyres, S. Steele, A. Stolper, E. Summons, R. Treiman, A. Williams, R. Yingst, A. CA MSL Sci Team TI A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOW WATER ACTIVITY; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; LIFE; BASIN; HYDROGEN; DEPOSITS; ORIGIN; LACUSTRINE; SHRINKAGE AB The Curiosity rover discovered fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which are inferred to represent an ancient lake and preserve evidence of an environment that would have been suited to support a martian biosphere founded on chemolithoautotrophy. This aqueous environment was characterized by neutral pH, low salinity, and variable redox states of both iron and sulfur species. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured directly as key biogenic elements; by inference, phosphorus is assumed to have been available. The environment probably had a minimum duration of hundreds to tens of thousands of years. These results highlight the biological viability of fluvial-lacustrine environments in the post-Noachian history of Mars. C1 [Grotzinger, J. P.; Stack, K.; Siebach, K.; Rice, M.; Griffes, J.; Ehlmann, B.; Stolper, E.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sumner, D. Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kah, L. C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Gupta, S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Edgar, L.; Farmer, J.; Bell, J., III; Minitti, M.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Rubin, D.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Lewis, K.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Schieber, J.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Mangold, N.] LPGN CNRS UMR6112, LPGN, F-44322 Nantes, France. [Mangold, N.] Univ Nantes, F-44322 Nantes, France. [Milliken, R.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Conrad, P. G.; Mahaffy, P.; Eigenbrode, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [DesMarais, D.; Blake, D.; Bristow, T. F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Dept Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Calef, F., III; Crisp, J.; Vasavada, A.; Anderson, R. C.; Beegle, L.; Ehlmann, B.; Jandura, L.; Lee, S.; Limonadi, D.; Maki, J.; McCloskey, S.; Okon, A.; Parker, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hurowitz, J.; McLennan, S. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Ming, D.; Oehler, D.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Jacobs Technol, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Vaniman, D.; Williams, R.; Yingst, A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Edgett, K. S.; Malin, M.; Hardgrove, C.] Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Wiens, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Maurice, S.] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, IRAP, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Grant, J. A.; Wilson, S.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Arvidson, R.; Fraeman, A.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Hallet, B.; Sletten, R. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Anderson, R. B.; Herkenhoff, K.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Dietrich, W. E.; Palucis, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dromart, G.] Univ Lyon, Lab Geol Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Kocurek, G.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Leshin, L. A.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Sch Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Leveille, R.] Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ J3Y 8Y9, Canada. [Meyer, M.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Newsom, H.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Rowland, S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Schmidt, M.] Brock Univ, Dept Earth Sci, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. [Squyres, S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Steele, A.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Summons, R.] MIT, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Treiman, A.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Grotzinger, JP (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM grotz@gps.caltech.edu RI Zorzano, Maria-Paz/C-5784-2015; Ramos, Miguel/K-2230-2014; Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010; Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012; Balic-Zunic, Tonci/A-6362-2013; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/F-2184-2015; Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012; Gomez, Felipe/L-7315-2014; Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose/L-8001-2014; Harri, Ari-Matti/C-7142-2012; Crisp, Joy/H-8287-2016; Gonzalez, Rafael/D-1748-2009; szopa, cyril/C-6865-2015; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Frydenvang, Jens/D-4781-2013; Gomez-Elvira, Javier/K-5829-2014; de Pablo, Miguel Angel/J-6442-2014; Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/G-6329-2015 OI Edgett, Kenneth/0000-0001-7197-5751; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/0000-0002-4492-9650; Ramos, Miguel/0000-0003-3648-6818; Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136; Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765; Balic-Zunic, Tonci/0000-0003-1687-1233; Zorzano, Maria-Paz/0000-0002-4492-9650; Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997; Siebach, Kirsten/0000-0002-6628-6297; Gomez, Felipe/0000-0001-9977-7060; Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose/0000-0003-0461-9815; Harri, Ari-Matti/0000-0001-8541-2802; Crisp, Joy/0000-0002-3202-4416; szopa, cyril/0000-0002-0090-4056; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Frydenvang, Jens/0000-0001-9294-1227; Gomez-Elvira, Javier/0000-0002-9068-9846; de Pablo, Miguel Angel/0000-0002-4496-2741; Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/0000-0001-6479-2236 FU NASA FX We are indebted to the MSL Project engineering and management teams for their exceptionally skilled and diligent efforts in making the mission as effective as possible and enhancing science operations. We are also grateful to all those MSL Science Team members who participated in tactical and strategic operations. Without the support of both the engineering and science teams, the data presented here could not have been collected. Some of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Data presented in this paper are archived in the Planetary Data System (pds.nasa.gov). NR 90 TC 165 Z9 169 U1 10 U2 33 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 24 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6169 AR 1242777 DI 10.1126/science.1242777 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 294IR UT WOS:000330039300002 PM 24458635 ER PT J AU Rajput, NN Monk, J Hung, FR AF Rajput, Nay Nidhi Monk, Joshua Hung, Francisco R. TI Ionic Liquids Confined in a Realistic Activated Carbon Model: A Molecular Simulation Study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; SILICA-DERIVED NETWORKS; PORE-SIZE; DIFFERENTIAL CAPACITANCE; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; NANOTUBE ELECTRODES; GRAPHITE-ELECTRODES AB Classical molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the structure and dynamics of the ionic liquid (IL) [emim(+)] [NTf2-] inside a slit graphitic nanopore and a realistic model of a coconut shell activated carbon (CSAC), which was generated using a reverse Monte Carlo protocol and matches the experimental radial distribution function from the real adsorbent. The CSAC model material consists of semigraphitic carbon sheets with different sizes and shapes, which form irregularly connected pores of roughly rectangular shape. In general, the ions inside the CSAC model material form layers parallel to the walls, as observed for the IL inside slit pores; however, the distribution of pore sizes and the complex pore geometry of the CSAC model materials cause the density profiles and the orientation of the ions to depart significantly from the uniform behavior observed for these properties of the IL inside slit pores. The presence of interconnected pores with a distribution of sizes in the CSAC model materials also causes confinement effects to be weaker than in slit pores of the same size; as a result, the ions inside CSAC model materials have a liquid structure similar to that of the bulk IL and have faster dynamics than those of ions inside slit pores of the same size. The ions near the pore walls of the CSAC model material move slower than the ions that are farther away from the walls, as observed for the IL inside slit pores; however, the complex pore geometry and variations of pore size with position within the CSAC model material cause the dynamics of the confined IL to exhibit significant spatial heterogeneities and depart significantly from the uniform, regular behavior observed in slit nanopores. Our results suggest that the structure and dynamics of ILs confined inside porous materials having heterogeneities in pore size, pore shape, and pore interconnectivity can depart significantly from the properties of ILs confined inside ideal pores of simple geometries. C1 [Rajput, Nay Nidhi; Monk, Joshua; Hung, Francisco R.] Louisiana State Univ, Cain Dept Chem Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rajput, Nay Nidhi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Monk, Joshua] NASA, Thermal Protect Mat Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Hung, Francisco R.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Computat & Technol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Hung, FR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Cain Dept Chem Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM frhung@lsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1253075]; National Science Foundation (EPSCoR) [EPS-1003897]; Louisiana Board of Regents FX We are grateful to Jeremy Palmer (Princeton) for his help in determining the pore size distribution of the carbon models used in this study. This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation (CAREER Award CBET-1253075, and EPSCoR Cooperative Agreement EPS-1003897) and by the Louisiana Board of Regents. High-performance computational resources for this research were provided by High Performance Computing at Louisiana State University (http://www.hpc.lsu.edu) and the Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (http://www.loni.org). NR 94 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 107 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 23 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1540 EP 1553 DI 10.1021/jp408617j PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 297JV UT WOS:000330252600016 ER PT J AU Kuppers, M O'Rourke, L Bockelee-Morvan, D Zakharov, V Lee, S von Allmen, P Carry, B Teyssier, D Marston, A Muller, T Crovisier, J Barucci, MA Moreno, R AF Kueppers, Michael O'Rourke, Laurence Bockelee-Morvan, Dominique Zakharov, Vladimir Lee, Seungwon von Allmen, Paul Carry, Benoit Teyssier, David Marston, Anthony Mueller, Thomas Crovisier, Jacques Barucci, M. Antonietta Moreno, Raphael TI Localized sources of water vapour on the dwarf planet (1) Ceres SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID DAWN MISSION; SURFACE; ORGANICS; ICE; ASTEROIDS; MINERALS AB The 'snowline' conventionally divides Solar System objects into dry bodies, ranging out to the main asteroid belt, and icy bodies beyond the belt. Models suggest that some of the icy bodies may have migrated into the asteroid belt(1). Recent observations indicate the presence of water ice on the surface of some asteroids(2-4), with sublimation(5) a potential reason for the dust activity observed on others. Hydrated minerals have been found(6-8) on the surface of the largest object in the asteroid belt, the dwarf planet (1) Ceres, which is thought to be differentiated into a silicate core with an icy mantle(9-11). The presence of water vapour around Ceres was suggested by a marginal detection of the photodissociation product of water, hydroxyl (ref. 12), but could not be confirmed by later, more sensitive observations(13). Here we report the detection of water vapour around Ceres, with at least 10(26) molecules being produced per second, originating from localized sources that seem to be linked to mid-latitude regions on the surface(14,15). The water evaporation could be due to comet-like sublimation or to cryo-volcanism, in which volcanoes erupt volatiles such as water instead of molten rocks. C1 [Kueppers, Michael; O'Rourke, Laurence; Carry, Benoit; Teyssier, David; Marston, Anthony] European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Villanueva De La Canada 28691, Spain. [Bockelee-Morvan, Dominique; Zakharov, Vladimir; Crovisier, Jacques; Barucci, M. Antonietta; Moreno, Raphael] Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Observ Paris, CNRS,Lab Etud Spatiales & Instrumentat Astrophys, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Lee, Seungwon; von Allmen, Paul] Jet Prop Lab, La Canada Flintridge, CA 91011 USA. [Carry, Benoit] CNRS, Observ Paris, Inst Mecan Celeste & Calcul Ephemerides, Unite Mixte Rech UMR 8028, F-75014 Paris, France. [Mueller, Thomas] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Kuppers, M (reprint author), European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, POB 78, Villanueva De La Canada 28691, Spain. EM michael.kueppers@sciops.esa.int FU CEA (France); CNES (France); CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); DLR (Germany); ESA; faculty of the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC) FX Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led principal investigator consortia and with important participation by NASA. The HIFI was designed and built by a consortium of institutes and university departments from across Europe, Canada and the United States under the leadership of SRON, the Netherlands Institute for Space Research, and with major contributions from Germany, France and the USA. This development was supported by national funding agencies: CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); and DLR (Germany). Additional funding support for some instrument activities was provided by the ESA. We thank the team at the Herschel Science Centre for their flexibility in scheduling the observations. We thank the Herschel Project Scientist and the Time Allocation Committee for the allocation of Director Discretionary Time. B.C. acknowledges support from the faculty of the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC). We thank A. Pollock for proofreading the final text. NR 28 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 35 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 23 PY 2014 VL 505 IS 7484 BP 525 EP + DI 10.1038/nature12918 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 293SW UT WOS:000329995000034 PM 24451541 ER PT J AU Chen, YJ Chuang, KJ Caro, GMM Nuevo, M Chu, CC Yih, TS Ip, WH Wu, CYR AF Chen, Y. -J. Chuang, K. -J. Munoz Caro, G. M. Nuevo, M. Chu, C. -C. Yih, T. -S. Ip, W. -H. Wu, C. -Y. R. TI VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION SPECTRUM MEASUREMENT OF A MICROWAVE-DISCHARGE HYDROGEN-FLOW LAMP IN SEVERAL CONFIGURATIONS: APPLICATION TO PHOTODESORPTION OF CO ICE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; methods: laboratory: molecular; molecular processes; ultraviolet: ISM ID DENSE INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; WATER-ICE; 10 K; SODIUM SALICYLATE; RADIATION-FIELD; GRAIN MANTLES; UV-RADIATION; MIXED ICES; SOLID CO AB We report measurements of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) emission spectra of a microwave-discharge hydrogen-flow lamp (MDHL), a common tool in astrochemistry laboratories working on ice VUV photoprocessing. The MDHL provides hydrogen Ly-alpha (121.6 nm) and H-2 molecular emission in the 110-180 nm range. We show that the spectral characteristics of the VUV light emitted in this range, in particular the relative proportion of Ly-alpha to molecular emission bands, strongly depend on the pressure of H-2 inside the lamp, the lamp geometry (F type versus T type), the gas used (pure H-2 versus H-2 seeded in He), and the optical properties of the window used (MgF2 versus CaF2). These different configurations are used to study the VUV irradiation of CO ice at 14 K. In contrast to the majority of studies dedicated to the VUV irradiation of astrophysical ice analogs, which have not taken into consideration the emission spectrum of the MDHL, our results show that the processes induced by photons in CO ice from a broad energy range are different and more complex than the sum of individual processes induced by monochromatic sources spanning the same energy range, as a result of the existence of multistate electronic transitions and discrepancy in absorption cross sections between parent molecules and products in the Ly-alpha and H-2 molecular emission ranges. C1 [Chen, Y. -J.; Wu, C. -Y. R.] Univ So Calif, Ctr Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Chen, Y. -J.; Wu, C. -Y. R.] Univ So Calif, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Chen, Y. -J.; Chuang, K. -J.; Chu, C. -C.; Yih, T. -S.] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Jhongli 32054, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. [Munoz Caro, G. M.] INTA CSIC, Ctr Astrobiol, E-28850 Madrid, Spain. [Nuevo, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Nuevo, M.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Ip, W. -H.] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Astron, Jhongli 32049, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. RP Chen, YJ (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Ctr Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM yujung@usc.edu RI Munoz Caro, Guillermo /L-6370-2014 OI Munoz Caro, Guillermo /0000-0001-7003-7368 FU Taiwan National Science Council [NSC99-2112-M-008-011-MY3]; National Central University under the Aim for Top University Project; Spanish MICINN/MINECO [AYA2011-29375, CSD2009-00038]; NSF Planetary Astronomy Program [AST-1108898] FX This work was supported by Taiwan National Science Council grant NSC99-2112-M-008-011-MY3 (T.-S.Y.), National Central University under a grant from the Aim for Top University Project (W.-H. I.), the Spanish MICINN/MINECO under projects AYA2011-29375 and CSD2009-00038 (G. M. M. C.), and the NSF Planetary Astronomy Program under grant AST-1108898 (C.-Y.R.W.). NR 54 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2014 VL 781 IS 1 AR 15 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/781/1/15 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 286AE UT WOS:000329436100015 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW Tylka, AJ Dietrich, WF Ling, AG AF Cliver, E. W. Tylka, A. J. Dietrich, W. F. Ling, A. G. TI ON A SOLAR ORIGIN FOR THE COSMOGENIC NUCLIDE EVENT OF 775 A.D. SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun: particle emission; sun: flares ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; PROTON EVENTS; TREE-RINGS; AD 774-775; LIMITS; RADIONUCLIDES; FREQUENCY; INCREASE; FLARES; MODEL AB We explore requirements for a solar particle event (SPE) and flare capable of producing the cosmogenic nuclide event of 775 A.D., and review solar circumstances at that time. A solar source for 775 would require a >1 GV spectrum similar to 45 times stronger than that of the intense high-energy SPE of 1956 February 23. This implies a > 30 MeV proton fluence (F-30) of similar to 8 x 10(10) proton cm(-2), similar to 10 times larger than that of the strongest 3 month interval of SPE activity in the modern era. This inferred F-30 value for the 775 SPE is inconsistent with the occurrence probability distribution for > 30 MeV solar proton events. The best guess value for the soft X-ray classification (total energy) of an associated flare is similar to X230 (similar to 9 x 10(33) erg). For comparison, the flares on 2003 November 4 and 1859 September 1 had observed/inferred values of similar to X35 (similar to 10(33) erg) and similar to X45 (similar to 2 x 10(33) erg), respectively. The estimated size of the source active region for a similar to 10(34) erg flare is similar to 2.5 times that of the largest region yet recorded. The 775 event occurred during a period of relatively low solar activity, with a peak smoothed amplitude about half that of the second half of the 20th century. The similar to 1945-1995 interval, the most active of the last similar to 2000 yr, failed to witness a SPE comparable to that required for the proposed solar event in 775. These considerations challenge a recent suggestion that the 775 event is likely of solar origin. C1 [Cliver, E. W.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Tylka, A. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dietrich, W. F.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. [Ling, A. G.] Atmospher Environm Res, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 FU AFOSR FX E.W.C. thanks Karel Schrijver and Jurg Beer for organizing three ISSI workshops on Extreme Solar Events and acknowledges support from AFOSR. We thank Ilya Usoskin for helpful comments. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2014 VL 781 IS 1 AR 32 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/781/1/32 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 286AE UT WOS:000329436100032 ER PT J AU Contopoulos, I Kalapotharakos, C Kazanas, D AF Contopoulos, Ioannis Kalapotharakos, Constantinos Kazanas, Demosthenes TI A NEW STANDARD PULSAR MAGNETOSPHERE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; pulsars: general ID RECONNECTION; WINDS AB In view of recent efforts to probe the physical conditions in the pulsar current sheet, we revisit the standard solution that describes the main elements of the ideal force-free pulsar magnetosphere. The simple physical requirement that the electric current contained in the current layer consists of the local electric charge moving outward at close to the speed of light yields a new solution for the pulsar magnetosphere everywhere that is ideal force-free except in the current layer. The main elements of the new solution are as follows: (1) the pulsar spindown rate of the aligned rotator is 23% larger than that of the orthogonal vacuum rotator; (2) only 60% of the magnetic flux that crosses the light cylinder opens up to infinity; (3) the electric current closes along the other 40%, which gradually converges to the equator; (4) this transfers 40% of the total pulsar spindown energy flux in the equatorial current sheet, which is then dissipated in the acceleration of particles and in high-energy electromagnetic radiation; and (5) there is no separatrix current layer. Our solution is a minimum free-parameter solution in that the equatorial current layer is electrostatically supported against collapse and thus does not require a thermal particle population. In this respect, it is one more step toward the development of a new standard solution. We discuss the implications for intermittent pulsars and long-duration gamma-ray bursts. We conclude that the physical conditions in the equatorial current layer determine the global structure of the pulsar magnetosphere. C1 [Contopoulos, Ioannis] Acad Athens, Res Ctr Astron & Appl Math, Athens 11527, Greece. [Kalapotharakos, Constantinos] Univ Maryland, Coll Pk UMDCP CRESST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kalapotharakos, Constantinos; Kazanas, Demosthenes] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Contopoulos, I (reprint author), Acad Athens, Res Ctr Astron & Appl Math, Athens 11527, Greece. EM icontop@academyofathens.gr FU General Secretariat for Research and Technology of Greece; European Social Fund FX This work was supported by the General Secretariat for Research and Technology of Greece and the European Social Fund in the framework of Action "Excellence." NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2014 VL 781 IS 1 AR 46 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/781/1/46 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 286AE UT WOS:000329436100046 ER PT J AU Giacintucci, S Markevitch, M Venturi, T Clarke, TE Cassano, R Mazzotta, P AF Giacintucci, Simona Markevitch, Maxim Venturi, Tiziana Clarke, Tracy E. Cassano, Rossella Mazzotta, Pasquale TI NEW DETECTIONS OF RADIO MINIHALOS IN COOL CORES OF GALAXY CLUSTERS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: clusters: individual (MACSJ0159.8-0849, MACSJ0329.6-0211, A478, ZwCl3146, A1795); galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; radio continuum: general; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID GALACTIC NUCLEUS FEEDBACK; X-RAY; COLD FRONTS; FLOW CLUSTERS; MINI-HALOS; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; NONTHERMAL EMISSION; SCALING RELATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; PERSEUS CLUSTER AB Cool cores of some galaxy clusters exhibit faint radio "minihalos." Their origin is unclear, and their study has been limited by their small number. We undertook a systematic search for minihalos in a large sample of X-ray luminous clusters with high-quality radio data. In this article, we report four new minihalos (Lambda 478, ZwCl 3146, RXJ 1532.9+3021, and A 2204) and five candidates found in the reanalyzed archival Very Large Array observations. The radio luminosities of our minihalos and candidates are in the range of 10(23-25) W Hz(-1) at 1.4 GHz, which is consistent with these types of radio sources. Their sizes (40-160 kpc in radius) are somewhat smaller than those of previously known minihalos. We combine our new detections with previously known minihalos, obtaining a total sample of 21 objects, and briefly compare the cluster radio properties to the average X-ray temperature and the total masses estimated from Planck. We find that nearly all clusters hosting minihalos are hot and massive. Beyond that, there is no clear correlation between the minihalo radio power and cluster temperature or mass (in contrast with the giant radio halos found in cluster mergers, whose radio luminosity correlates with the cluster mass). Chandra X-ray images indicate gas sloshing in the cool cores of most of our clusters, with minihalos contained within the sloshing regions in many of them. This supports the hypothesis that radio-emitting electrons are reaccelerated by sloshing. Advection of relativistic electrons by the sloshing gas may also play a role in the formation of the less extended minihalos. C1 [Giacintucci, Simona] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Giacintucci, Simona; Markevitch, Maxim] Univ Maryland, Joint Space Sci Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Markevitch, Maxim] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Venturi, Tiziana; Cassano, Rossella] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Clarke, Tracy E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mazzotta, Pasquale] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Mazzotta, Pasquale] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Giacintucci, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM simona@astro.umd.edu RI Mazzotta, Pasquale/B-1225-2016; OI Mazzotta, Pasquale/0000-0002-5411-1748; Cassano, Rossella/0000-0003-4046-0637; Venturi, Tiziana/0000-0002-8476-6307 FU NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship [PF0-110071]; Chandra X-ray Center (CXC); Naval Research Laboratory FX S.G. acknowledges the support of NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship PF0-110071 awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC), which is operated by SAO. Basic research in radio astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 base funding. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This research work has used TIFR GMRT Sky Survey (http://tgss.ncra.tifr.res.in) data products. The authors thank the anonymous referee, whose comments and suggestions improved the paper. NR 86 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2014 VL 781 IS 1 AR 9 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/781/1/9 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 286AE UT WOS:000329436100009 ER PT J AU Mommert, M Hora, JL Harris, AW Reach, WT Emery, JP Thomas, CA Mueller, M Cruikshank, DP Trilling, DE Delbo, M Smith, HA AF Mommert, Michael Hora, Joseph L. Harris, Alan W. Reach, William T. Emery, Joshua P. Thomas, Cristina A. Mueller, Michael Cruikshank, Dale P. Trilling, David E. Delbo, Marco Smith, Howard A. TI THE DISCOVERY OF COMETARY ACTIVITY IN NEAR-EARTH ASTEROID (3552) DON QUIXOTE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE comets: general; infrared: planetary systems; minor planets, asteroids: individual (3552 Don Quixote) ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; JUPITER-FAMILY COMETS; TAGISH LAKE METEORITE; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; OBJECT SURVEY; BELT; SPECTROGRAPH; CHONDRITE; DUST; NUCLEUS AB The near-Earth object (NEO) population, which mainly consists of fragments from collisions between asteroids in the main asteroid belt, is thought to include contributions from short-period comets as well. One of the most promising NEO candidates for a cometary origin is near-Earth asteroid (3552) Don Quixote, which has never been reported to show activity. Here we present the discovery of cometary activity in Don Quixote based on thermal-infrared observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope in its 3.6 and 4.5 mu m bands. Our observations clearly show the presence of a coma and a tail in the 4.5 mu m but not in the 3.6 mu m band, which is consistent with molecular band emission from CO2. Thermal modeling of the combined photometric data on Don Quixote reveals a diameter of 18.4(-0.4)(+0.3) km and an albedo of 0.03(-0.01)(+0.02), which confirms Don Quixote to be the third-largest known NEO. We derive an upper limit on the dust production rate of 1.9 kg s(-1) and derive a CO2 gas production rate of (1.1 +/- 0.1) x 10(26) molecules s(-1). Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectroscopic observations indicate the presence of fine-grained silicates, perhaps pyroxene rich, on the surface of Don Quixote. Our discovery suggests that CO2 can be present in near-Earth space over a long time. The presence of CO2 might also explain that Don Quixote's cometary nature remained hidden for nearly three decades. C1 [Mommert, Michael; Harris, Alan W.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Mommert, Michael; Trilling, David E.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Hora, Joseph L.; Smith, Howard A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Reach, William T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Emery, Joshua P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Thomas, Cristina A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA Postdoctoral Program, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mueller, Michael] Univ Groningen, SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Cruikshank, Dale P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Delbo, Marco] UNS CNRS Observ Cote Azur, F-06304 Nice 4, France. RP Mommert, M (reprint author), German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. OI Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650; Mueller, Michael/0000-0003-3217-5385; Reach, William/0000-0001-8362-4094 FU DFG [SPP 1385]; NASA [1367413]; University of California, Los Angeles; Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX M.M. acknowledges support by the DFG SPP 1385. We thank an anonymous referee for a number of useful suggestions. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through award 1367413 issued by JPL/Caltech. This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2014 VL 781 IS 1 AR 25 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/781/1/25 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 286AE UT WOS:000329436100025 ER PT J AU Ofek, EO Zoglauer, A Boggs, SE Barriere, NM Reynolds, SP Fryer, CL Harrison, FA Cenko, SB Kulkarni, SR Gal-Yam, A Arcavi, I Bellm, E Bloom, JS Christensen, F Craig, WW Even, W Filippenko, AV Grefenstette, B Hailey, CJ Laher, R Madsen, K Nakar, E Nugent, PE Stern, D Sullivan, M Surace, J Zhang, WW AF Ofek, Eran O. Zoglauer, Andreas Boggs, Steven E. Barriere, Nicolas M. Reynolds, Stephen P. Fryer, Chris L. Harrison, Fiona A. Cenko, S. Bradley Kulkarni, Shrinivas R. Gal-Yam, Avishay Arcavi, Iair Bellm, Eric Bloom, Joshua S. Christensen, Finn Craig, William W. Even, Wesley Filippenko, Alexei V. Grefenstette, Brian Hailey, Charles J. Laher, Russ Madsen, Kristin Nakar, Ehud Nugent, Peter E. Stern, Daniel Sullivan, Mark Surace, Jason Zhang, William W. TI SN 2010jl: OPTICAL TO HARD X-RAY OBSERVATIONS REVEAL AN EXPLOSION EMBEDDED IN A TEN SOLAR MASS COCOON SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: mass-loss; supernovae: general; supernovae: individual (SN 2010jl) ID SUPERNOVA LIGHT CURVES; SWIFT ULTRAVIOLET/OPTICAL TELESCOPE; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; IIN SUPERNOVA; SHOCK BREAKOUT; LUMINOUS SUPERNOVAE; PHOTOMETRIC CALIBRATION; COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS; DUST FORMATION; STAR AB Some supernovae (SNe) may be powered by the interaction of the SN ejecta with a large amount of circumstellar matter (CSM). However, quantitative estimates of the CSM mass around such SNe are missing when the CSM material is optically thick. Specifically, current estimators are sensitive to uncertainties regarding the CSM density profile and the ejecta velocity. Here we outline a method to measure the mass of the optically thick CSM around such SNe. We present new visible-light and X-ray observations of SN 2010jl (PTF 10aaxf), including the first detection of an SN in the hard X-ray band using NuSTAR. The total radiated luminosity of SN 2010jl is extreme-at least 9 x 10(50) erg. By modeling the visible-light data, we robustly show that the mass of the circumstellar material within similar to 10(16) cm of the progenitor of SN 2010jl was in excess of 10 M-circle dot. This mass was likely ejected tens of years prior to the SN explosion. Our modeling suggests that the shock velocity during shock breakout was similar to 6000 km s(-1), decelerating to similar to 2600 km s(-1) about 2 yr after maximum light. Furthermore, our late-time NuSTAR and XMM spectra of the SN presumably provide the first direct measurement of SN shock velocity 2 yr after the SN maximum light-measured to be in the range of 2000-4500 km s(-1) if the ions and electrons are in equilibrium, and greater than or similar to 2000 km s(-1) if they are not in equilibrium. This measurement is in agreement with the shock velocity predicted by our modeling of the visible-light data. Our observations also show that the average radial density distribution of the CSM roughly follows an r(-2) law. A possible explanation for the greater than or similar to 10 M-circle dot of CSM and the wind-like profile is that they are the result of multiple pulsational pair instability events prior to the SN explosion, separated from each other by years. C1 [Ofek, Eran O.; Gal-Yam, Avishay; Arcavi, Iair] Weizmann Inst Sci, Benoziyo Ctr Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Zoglauer, Andreas; Boggs, Steven E.; Barriere, Nicolas M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reynolds, Stephen P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fryer, Chris L.; Even, Wesley] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Harrison, Fiona A.; Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.; Bellm, Eric; Grefenstette, Brian; Madsen, Kristin] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cenko, S. Bradley; Bloom, Joshua S.; Filippenko, Alexei V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cenko, S. Bradley; Zhang, William W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Christensen, Finn] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Space Natl Space Inst, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Craig, William W.; Hailey, Charles J.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Laher, Russ; Surace, Jason] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Nakar, Ehud] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Nugent, Peter E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stern, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Sullivan, Mark] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Ofek, EO (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Benoziyo Ctr Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RI Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015; OI Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224; Bellm, Eric/0000-0001-8018-5348; Madsen, Kristin/0000-0003-1252-4891; Sullivan, Mark/0000-0001-9053-4820; Even, Wesley/0000-0002-5412-3618 FU NASA [NNG08FD60C]; NASA; W. M. Keck Foundation; Israeli Ministry of Science; Israel Science Foundation; Minerva; I-CORE Program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee; Israel Science Foundation [1829/12]; Christopher R. Redlich Fund; Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund; TABASGO Foundation; NSF [AST-1211916] FX We thank an anonymous referee for a constructive report. E.O.O. thanks Roni Waldman, Nir Sapir, and Orly Gnat for discussions. This work was supported under NASA Contract No. NNG08FD60C and made use of data from the NuSTAR mission, a project led by the California Institute of Technology, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and funded by NASA. We thank the NuSTAR Operations, Software, and Calibration teams for support with the execution and analysis of these observations. This research has made use of the NuSTAR Data Analysis Software (NuSTARDAS) jointly developed by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC, Italy) and the California Institute of Technology (USA). This paper is based on observations obtained with the Samuel Oschin Telescope as part of the Palomar Transient Factory project, a scientific collaboration between the California Institute of Technology, Columbia University, Las Cumbres Observatory, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, the University of Oxford, and the Weizmann Institute of Science. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and NASA; the Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. We are grateful for excellent staff assistance at Palomar, Lick, and Keck Observatories. E.O.O. is incumbent of the Arye Dissentshik career development chair and is grateful to support by a grant from the Israeli Ministry of Science, Israel Science Foundation, Minerva, and the I-CORE Program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee and The Israel Science Foundation (grant No 1829/12). A.V.F.'s SN group at UC Berkeley has received generous financial assistance from Gary and Cynthia Bengier, the Christopher R. Redlich Fund, the Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund, the TABASGO Foundation, and NSF grant AST-1211916. NR 95 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2014 VL 781 IS 1 AR 42 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/781/1/42 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 286AE UT WOS:000329436100042 ER PT J AU Perley, DA Cenko, SB Corsi, A Tanvir, NR Levan, AJ Kann, DA Sonbas, E Wiersema, K Zheng, W Zhao, XH Bai, JM Bremer, M Castro-Tirado, AJ Chang, L Clubb, KI Frail, D Fruchter, A Gogus, E Greiner, J Guver, T Horesh, A Filippenko, AV Klose, S Mao, J Morgan, AN Pozanenko, AS Schmidl, S Stecklum, B Tanga, M Volnova, AA Volvach, AE Wang, JG Winters, JM Xin, YX AF Perley, D. A. Cenko, S. B. Corsi, A. Tanvir, N. R. Levan, A. J. Kann, D. A. Sonbas, E. Wiersema, K. Zheng, W. Zhao, X. -H. Bai, J. -M. Bremer, M. Castro-Tirado, A. J. Chang, L. Clubb, K. I. Frail, D. Fruchter, A. Gogus, E. Greiner, J. Guver, T. Horesh, A. Filippenko, A. V. Klose, S. Mao, J. Morgan, A. N. Pozanenko, A. S. Schmidl, S. Stecklum, B. Tanga, M. Volnova, A. A. Volvach, A. E. Wang, J. -G. Winters, J. -M. Xin, Y. -X. TI THE AFTERGLOW OF GRB 130427A FROM 1 TO 10(16) GHz SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB 130427A); radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; COSMIC STAR-FORMATION; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; 29 MARCH 2003; SWIFT ULTRAVIOLET/OPTICAL TELESCOPE; WIND-INTERACTION-MODELS; REVERSE SHOCK EMISSION; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; 25 APRIL 1998 AB We present multiwavelength observations of the afterglow of GRB 130427A, the brightest (in total fluence) gamma-ray burst (GRB) of the past 29 yr. Optical spectroscopy from Gemini-North reveals the redshift of the GRB to be z = 0.340, indicating that its unprecedented brightness is primarily the result of its relatively close proximity to Earth; the intrinsic luminosities of both the GRB and its afterglow are not extreme in comparison to other bright GRBs. We present a large suite of multiwavelength observations spanning from 300 s to 130 days after the burst and demonstrate that the afterglow shows relatively simple, smooth evolution at all frequencies, with no significant late-time flaring or rebrightening activity. The entire data set from 1 GHz to 10 GeV can be modeled as synchrotron emission from a combination of reverse and forward shocks in good agreement with the standard afterglow model, providing strong support to the applicability of the underlying theory and clarifying the nature of the GeV emission observed to last for minutes to hours following other very bright GRBs. A tenuous, wind-stratified circumburst density profile is required by the observations, suggesting a massive-star progenitor with a low mass-loss rate, perhaps due to low metallicity. GRBs similar in nature to GRB 130427A, inhabiting low-density media and exhibiting strong reverse shocks, are probably not uncommon but may have been difficult to recognize in the past owing to their relatively faint late-time radio emission; more such events should be found in abundance by the new generation of sensitive radio and millimeter instruments. C1 [Perley, D. A.; Horesh, A.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cenko, S. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cenko, S. B.; Zheng, W.; Clubb, K. I.; Filippenko, A. V.; Morgan, A. N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cenko, S. B.] Univ Maryland, Joint Space Sci Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Corsi, A.] George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Tanvir, N. R.; Wiersema, K.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Levan, A. J.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Kann, D. A.; Greiner, J.; Tanga, M.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Kann, D. A.; Klose, S.; Schmidl, S.; Stecklum, B.] Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. [Sonbas, E.] Adiyaman Univ, Dept Phys, TR-02040 Adiyaman, Turkey. [Zhao, X. -H.; Bai, J. -M.; Chang, L.; Mao, J.; Wang, J. -G.; Xin, Y. -X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Observ, Kunming 650011, Peoples R China. [Zhao, X. -H.; Bai, J. -M.; Chang, L.; Wang, J. -G.; Xin, Y. -X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Struct & Evolut Celestial Bodies, Kunming 650011, Peoples R China. [Bremer, M.; Winters, J. -M.] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. [Castro-Tirado, A. J.] CSIC, IAA, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Castro-Tirado, A. J.] Univ Malaga, Unidad Asociada Dept Ingn Sistemas & Automat, ETS Ingn Ind, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. [Frail, D.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Fruchter, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gogus, E.] Sabanci Univ, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. [Guver, T.] Istanbul Univ, Istanbul Univ Sci Fac, Dept Astron & Space Sci, TR-34119 Istanbul, Turkey. [Mao, J.] RIKEN, Astrophys Big Bang Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Pozanenko, A. S.; Volnova, A. A.] Space Res Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Volvach, A. E.] Crimean Astrophys Observ, Radio Astron Lab, UA-98688 Katsiveli, Yalta, Ukraine. RP Perley, DA (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Astron, MC 249-17,1200 East Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM dperley@astro.caltech.edu RI Horesh, Assaf/O-9873-2016; OI Horesh, Assaf/0000-0002-5936-1156; Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563 FU state of California; state of Illinois; state of Maryland; James S. McDonnell Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Kenneth T. and Eileen L. Norris Foundation; University of Chicago; Associates of the California Institute of Technology; NSF; CARMA partner universities; INSU/CNRS (France); MPG (Germany); IGN (Spain); Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia [AYA2009-14000-C03-01/ESP, AYA2011-29517-C03-01, AYA2012-39727-C03-01]; W. M. Keck Foundation; DFG [HA 1850/28-1, Kl 766/16-1]; NASA through Hubble Fellowship [HST-HF-51296.01-A]; Space Telescope Science Institute; NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. [NAS 5-26555]; Christopher R. Redlich Fund; Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund; TABASGO Foundation; NSF [AST-1211916]; NASA/Swift grant [NNX10AI21G, NNX12AD73G]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [112T224]; NSFC [11203067, 11133006]; Yunnan Natural Science Foundation [2011FB115]; West Light Foundation of the CAS; RFFI [12-02-01336, 13-01-92204]; Thuringer Ministerium fur Bildung, Wissenschaft und Kultur under FKZ [12010-514]; [24.02022] FX D.A.P. acknowledges a prescient conversation on 2013 April 18 with A. Collazzi in Nashville on the origin of the lack (at the time) of Fermi-LAT GRBs at z < 0.5, and comments from Y. Fan and A. van der Horst. We are grateful for excellent staff assistance at the various observatories where we obtained data. We thank B. Sesar for the execution of our P200 target-of-opportunity observations and assistance with the data reduction. J. Carpenter and CARMA provided additional DDT time to continue observations of GRB 130427A after t = 2 days, and K. Alatalo assisted with flagging and reducing these observations. We thank S. Kulkarni for the Keck/LRIS data. We would like to thank all members of the Swift and Fermi teams, whose successful missions made this work possible. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the NSF operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. Support for CARMA construction was derived from the states of California, Illinois, and Maryland, the James S. McDonnell Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Kenneth T. and Eileen L. Norris Foundation, the University of Chicago, the Associates of the California Institute of Technology, and the NSF. Ongoing CARMA development and operations are supported by the NSF under a cooperative agreement, and by the CARMA partner universities. The article contains data taken with the IRAM Plateau deBure interferometer. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany), and IGN (Spain). We acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia through Projects AYA2009-14000-C03-01/ESP, AYA2011-29517-C03-01, and AYA2012-39727-C03-01. KAIT and its ongoing operation were made possible by donations from Sun Microsystems, Inc., the Hewlett-Packard Company, Auto-Scope Corporation, Lick Observatory, the NSF, the University of California, the Sylvia and Jim Katzman Foundation, and the TABASGO Foundation. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and NASA; the Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. This work made use of data supplied by the UK Swift Science Data Centre at the University of Leicester, and the NASA Extragalactic Database. Part of the funding for GROND (both hardware as well as personnel) was generously granted from the Leibniz-Prize to Prof. G. Hasinger (DFG grant HA 1850/28-1). D. A. K. acknowledges F. Ludwig and U. Laux for helping to obtain the TLS images.; Support for this research was provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF-51296.01-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under contract NAS 5-26555. A.V.F.'s group at UC Berkeley has received generous financial assistance from Gary and Cynthia Bengier, the Christopher R. Redlich Fund, the Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund, the TABASGO Foundation, NSF grant AST-1211916, and NASA/Swift grants NNX10AI21G and NNX12AD73G. E. S. acknowledges assistance from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) through project 112T224. X.H.Z. acknowledges partial support by the NSFC (No. 11203067), Yunnan Natural Science Foundation (2011FB115), and the West Light Foundation of the CAS. J. Mao is supported by Grants-in-Aid for Foreign JSPS Fellow (No. 24.02022). J. M. Bai is supported by the NSFC (No. 11133006). A. S. P. and A. A. V. acknowledge assistance from RFFI grants 12-02-01336 and 13-01-92204. S. S. acknowledges support by the Thuringer Ministerium fur Bildung, Wissenschaft und Kultur under FKZ 12010-514. S. K. acknowledges support by DFG grant Kl 766/16-1. NR 205 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2014 VL 781 IS 1 AR 37 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/781/1/37 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 286AE UT WOS:000329436100037 ER PT J AU Aliu, E Archambault, S Aune, T Benbow, W Berger, K Bird, R Bouvier, A Buckley, JH Bugaev, V Byrum, K Cerruti, M Chen, X Ciupik, L Connolly, MP Cui, W Dumm, J Errando, M Falcone, A Federici, S Feng, Q Finley, JP Fortin, P Fortson, L Furniss, A Galante, N Gillanders, GH Griffin, S Griffiths, ST Grube, J Gyuk, G Hanna, D Holder, J Hughes, G Humensky, TB Kaaret, P Kertzman, M Khassen, Y Kieda, D Krennrich, F Kumar, S Lang, MJ Lyutikov, M Maier, G McArthur, S McCann, A Meagher, K Millis, J Moriarty, P Mukherjee, R de Bhroithe, AO Ong, RA Otte, AN Park, N Perkins, JS Pohl, M Popkow, A Quinn, J Ragan, K Rajotte, J Reyes, LC Reynolds, PT Richards, GT Roache, E Sembroski, GH Sheidaei, F Smith, AW Staszak, D Telezhinsky, I Theiling, M Tucci, JV Tyler, J Varlotta, A Wakely, SP Weekes, TC Weinstein, A Welsing, R Williams, DA Zajczyk, A Zitzer, B AF Aliu, E. Archambault, S. Aune, T. Benbow, W. Berger, K. Bird, R. Bouvier, A. Buckley, J. H. Bugaev, V. Byrum, K. Cerruti, M. Chen, X. Ciupik, L. Connolly, M. P. Cui, W. Dumm, J. Errando, M. Falcone, A. Federici, S. Feng, Q. Finley, J. P. Fortin, P. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Galante, N. Gillanders, G. H. Griffin, S. Griffiths, S. T. Grube, J. Gyuk, G. Hanna, D. Holder, J. Hughes, G. Humensky, T. B. Kaaret, P. Kertzman, M. Khassen, Y. Kieda, D. Krennrich, F. Kumar, S. Lang, M. J. Lyutikov, M. Maier, G. McArthur, S. McCann, A. Meagher, K. Millis, J. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain Ong, R. A. Otte, A. N. Park, N. Perkins, J. S. Pohl, M. Popkow, A. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Rajotte, J. Reyes, L. C. Reynolds, P. T. Richards, G. T. Roache, E. Sembroski, G. H. Sheidaei, F. Smith, A. W. Staszak, D. Telezhinsky, I. Theiling, M. Tucci, J. V. Tyler, J. Varlotta, A. Wakely, S. P. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. Welsing, R. Williams, D. A. Zajczyk, A. Zitzer, B. TI A SEARCH FOR ENHANCED VERY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM THE 2013 MARCH CRAB NEBULA FLARE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: general; ISM: individual objects (Crab Nebula) ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; VARIABILITY; APRIL AB In 2013 March, a flaring episode from the Crab Nebula lasting similar to 2 weeks was detected by Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope). The Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) provides simultaneous observations throughout this period. During the flare, Fermi-LAT detected a 20 fold increase in flux above the average synchrotron flux >100 MeV seen from the Crab Nebula. Simultaneous measurements with VERITAS are consistent with the non-variable long-term average Crab Nebula flux at TeV energies. Assuming a linear correlation between the very high energy flux change >1 TeV and the flux change seen in the Fermi-LAT band >100 MeV during the period of simultaneous observations, the linear correlation factor can be constrained to be at most 8.6 x 10(-3) with 95% confidence. C1 [Aliu, E.; Errando, M.; Mukherjee, R.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Barnard Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Archambault, S.; Griffin, S.; Hanna, D.; Ragan, K.; Rajotte, J.; Staszak, D.; Tyler, J.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Aune, T.; Ong, R. A.; Popkow, A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Benbow, W.; Cerruti, M.; Fortin, P.; Galante, N.; Roache, E.; Weekes, T. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Berger, K.; Holder, J.; Kumar, S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Berger, K.; Holder, J.; Kumar, S.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Bird, R.; Khassen, Y.; de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain; Quinn, J.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Bouvier, A.; Furniss, A.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Bouvier, A.; Furniss, A.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Zajczyk, A.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Byrum, K.; Zitzer, B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chen, X.; Federici, S.; Pohl, M.; Telezhinsky, I.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Chen, X.; Federici, S.; Hughes, G.; Maier, G.; Pohl, M.; Telezhinsky, I.; Welsing, R.] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ciupik, L.; Grube, J.; Gyuk, G.] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Connolly, M. P.; Gillanders, G. H.; Lang, M. J.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Cui, W.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P.; Lyutikov, M.; Sembroski, G. H.; Theiling, M.; Tucci, J. V.; Varlotta, A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dumm, J.; Fortson, L.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Falcone, A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Griffiths, S. T.; Kaaret, P.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Humensky, T. B.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kertzman, M.] Depauw Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. [Kieda, D.; Sheidaei, F.; Smith, A. W.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Krennrich, F.; Weinstein, A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McArthur, S.; Park, N.; Wakely, S. P.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [McCann, A.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Meagher, K.; Otte, A. N.; Richards, G. T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Meagher, K.; Otte, A. N.; Richards, G. T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Millis, J.] Anderson Univ, Dept Phys, Anderson, IN 46012 USA. [Moriarty, P.] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Life & Phys Sci, Galway, Ireland. [Perkins, J. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reyes, L. C.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 94307 USA. [Reynolds, P. T.] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland. RP Aliu, E (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Barnard Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Khassen, Yerbol/I-3806-2015; OI Khassen, Yerbol/0000-0002-7296-3100; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201; Bird, Ralph/0000-0002-4596-8563 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; U.S. National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; NSERC in Canada; STFC in the U.K. FX This research is supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Smithsonian Institution, by NSERC in Canada, STFC in the U.K. We acknowledge the excellent work of the technical support staff at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory and at the collaborating institutions in the construction and operation of the instrument. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2014 VL 781 IS 1 AR L11 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/781/1/L11 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287ZY UT WOS:000329582400011 ER PT J AU Rigopoulou, D Hopwood, R Magdis, GE Thatte, N Swinyard, BM Farrah, D Huang, JS Alonso-Herrero, A Bock, JJ Clements, D Cooray, A Griffin, MJ Oliver, S Pearson, C Riechers, D Scott, D Smith, A Vaccari, M Valtchanov, I Wang, L AF Rigopoulou, D. Hopwood, R. Magdis, G. E. Thatte, N. Swinyard, B. M. Farrah, D. Huang, J. -S. Alonso-Herrero, A. Bock, J. J. Clements, D. Cooray, A. Griffin, M. J. Oliver, S. Pearson, C. Riechers, D. Scott, D. Smith, A. Vaccari, M. Valtchanov, I. Wang, L. TI HERSCHEL OBSERVATIONS OF FAR-INFRARED COOLING LINES IN INTERMEDIATE REDSHIFT (ULTRA)-LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: starburst; infrared: galaxies; infrared: ISM ID SIMILAR-TO 2; C-II LINE; STAR-FORMATION; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; SPECTROSCOPY; DEFICIT; EMISSION AB We report the first results from a spectroscopic survey of the [C II] 158 mu m line from a sample of intermediate redshift (0.2 < z < 0.8) (ultra)-luminous infrared galaxies, (U) LIRGs (L-IR > 10(11.5) L-circle dot), using the Spectral and Photometric Imaging REceiver-Fourier Transform Spectrometer on board the Herschel Space Observatory. This is the first survey of [C II] emission, an important tracer of star formation, at a redshift range where the star formation rate density of the universe increases rapidly. We detect strong [C II] 158 mu m line emission from over 80% of the sample. We find that the [C II] line is luminous, in the range (0.8-4) x 10(-3) of the far-infrared continuum luminosity of our sources, and appears to arise from photodissociation regions on the surface of molecular clouds. The L-[C II]/L-IR ratio in our intermediate redshift (U) LIRGs is on average similar to 10 times larger than that of local ULIRGs. Furthermore, we find that the L-[C II]/L-IR and L-[C II]/LCO(1-0) ratios in our sample are similar to those of local normal galaxies and high-z star-forming galaxies. ULIRGs at z similar to 0.5 show many similarities to the properties of local normal and high-z star-forming galaxies. Our findings strongly suggest that rapid evolution in the properties of the star-forming regions of (U) LIRGs is likely to have occurred in the last 5 billion years. C1 [Rigopoulou, D.; Magdis, G. E.; Thatte, N.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Rigopoulou, D.; Swinyard, B. M.; Pearson, C.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, RAL Space Sci & Technol Facil Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Hopwood, R.; Clements, D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Swinyard, B. M.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Farrah, D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Huang, J. -S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ China, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Huang, J. -S.] Chinese Acad Sci, China Chile Joint Ctr Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Huang, J. -S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Alonso-Herrero, A.] CSIC UC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39006 Santander, Spain. [Bock, J. J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Cooray, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cooray, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Griffin, M. J.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Oliver, S.; Smith, A.; Wang, L.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Pearson, C.] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Riechers, D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Scott, D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Vaccari, M.] Univ Western Cape, Astrophys Grp, Dept Phys, ZA-7535 Cape Town, South Africa. [Valtchanov, I.] European Space Astron Ctr, Herschel Sci Ctr, E-28691 Madrid, Spain. RP Rigopoulou, D (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RI Magdis, Georgios/C-7295-2014; Vaccari, Mattia/R-3431-2016; Alonso-Herrero, Almudena/H-1426-2015; OI Magdis, Georgios/0000-0002-4872-2294; Vaccari, Mattia/0000-0002-6748-0577; Alonso-Herrero, Almudena/0000-0001-6794-2519; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840 FU John Fell Oxford University Press (OUP) Research Fund; CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC, UKSA (UK); NASA (USA); [ST/K00106X/1] FX We thank the anonymous referee for his/her insightful comments. D. R. and G. E. M. acknowledge support from grant ST/K00106X/1 and the John Fell Oxford University Press (OUP) Research Fund (G. E. M.). This Letter is based on data from Herschel's SPIRE-FTS. SPIRE has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by Cardiff University (UK) and including: University of Lethbridge (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, LAM (France); IFSI, University of Padua (Italy); IAC (Spain); Stockholm Observatory (Sweden); Imperial College London, RAL, UCL-MSSL, UKATC, University of Sussex (UK); and Caltech, JPL, NHSC, University of Colorado (USA). This development has been supported by national funding agencies: CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC, UKSA (UK); and NASA (USA). NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2014 VL 781 IS 1 AR L15 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/781/1/L15 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287ZY UT WOS:000329582400015 ER PT J AU Yang, DC Carpena-Nunez, J Fonseca, LF Biaggi-Labiosa, A Hunter, GW AF Yang, Dachi Carpena-Nunez, Jennifer Fonseca, Luis F. Biaggi-Labiosa, Azlin Hunter, Gary W. TI Shape-controlled synthesis of palladium and copper superlattice nanowires for high-stability hydrogen sensors SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID TWINNING SUPERLATTICES; ARRAYS; ELECTRODEPOSITION; FABRICATION; TEMPLATE; NANOSPRINGS; GAS AB For hydrogen sensors built with pure Pd nanowires, the instabilities causing baseline drifting and temperature-driven sensing behavior are limiting factors when working within a wide temperature range. To enhance the material stability, we have developed superlattice-structured palladium and copper nanowires (PdCu NWs) with random-gapped, screw-threaded, and spiral shapes achieved by wet-chemical approaches. The microstructure of the PdCu NWs reveals novel superlattices composed of lattice groups structured by four-atomic layers of alternating Pd and Cu. Sensors built with these modified NWs show significantly reduced baseline drifting and lower critical temperature (259.4 K and 261 K depending on the PdCu structure) for the reverse sensing behavior than those with pure Pd NWs (287 K). Moreover, the response and recovery times of the PdCu NWs sensor were of,9 and,7 times faster than for Pd NWs sensors, respectively. C1 [Yang, Dachi; Carpena-Nunez, Jennifer; Fonseca, Luis F.] Univ Puerto Rico Rio Piedras San Juan, Dept Phys, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. [Biaggi-Labiosa, Azlin; Hunter, Gary W.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Fonseca, LF (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico Rio Piedras San Juan, Dept Phys, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. EM luis.fonseca@upr.edu FU NASA URC [NNX08BA48A]; Nanoscopy Facility of the Institute for Functional Nanomaterials at UPR (NSF) [1002410] FX This work was financially supported by NASA URC (Grant NNX08BA48A). Access to the Nanoscopy Facility of the Institute for Functional Nanomaterials at UPR (NSF Grant # 1002410) is acknowledged. The GRC NASA Summer Faculty Program provided a method to pursue this work, resulting in valuable discussions and the use of the Chemical Sensor Characterization Facility. The authors thank Mr. Luis Valentin for usage of sensor testing facilities and Mr. Oscar Resto for the helpful TEM characterization. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 108 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JAN 20 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 3773 DI 10.1038/srep03773 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 291SY UT WOS:000329851200001 PM 24440892 ER PT J AU Barnhart, WD Hayes, GP Samsonov, SV Fielding, EJ Seidman, LE AF Barnhart, William D. Hayes, Gavin P. Samsonov, Sergey V. Fielding, Eric J. Seidman, Lily E. TI Breaking the oceanic lithosphere of a subducting slab: The 2013 Khash, Iran earthquake SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE intraplate earthquakes; mantle earthquake; subduction zones; InSAR; slip distributions; intermediate-depth earthquakes ID DEEP-FOCUS EARTHQUAKES; SEISMIC ZONES; MANTLE; INTERMEDIATE; DEFORMATION; DEHYDRATION; STABILITY; MECHANISM; INVERSION; GULF AB Large intermediate-depth, intraslab normal-faulting earthquakes are a common, dangerous, but poorly understood phenomenon in subduction zones owing to a paucity of near-field geophysical observations. Seismological and high-quality geodetic observations of the 2013 M(w)7.7 Khash, Iran earthquake reveal that at least half of the oceanic lithosphere, including the mantle and entire crust, ruptured in a single earthquake, confirming with unprecedented resolution that large earthquakes can nucleate in and rupture through the oceanic mantle. A rupture width of at least 55 km is required to explain both Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar observations and teleseismic waveforms, with the majority of slip occurring in the oceanic mantle. Combining our well-constrained earthquake slip distributions with the causative fault orientation and geometry of the local subduction zone, we hypothesize that the Khash earthquake likely occurred as the combined result of slab-bending forces and dehydration of hydrous minerals along a preexisting fault formed prior to subduction. C1 [Barnhart, William D.; Hayes, Gavin P.; Seidman, Lily E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Samsonov, Sergey V.] Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Fielding, Eric J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Seidman, Lily E.] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX USA. RP Barnhart, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, POB 25046,DFC,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM wbarnhart@usgs.gov RI Barnhart, William/L-9446-2015; Fielding, Eric/A-1288-2007; OI Fielding, Eric/0000-0002-6648-8067; Samsonov, Sergey/0000-0002-6798-4847 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 1 BP 32 EP 36 DI 10.1002/2013GL058096 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JL UT WOS:000332990200006 ER PT J AU Koenig, LS Miege, C Forster, RR Brucker, L AF Koenig, Lora S. Miege, Clement Forster, Richard R. Brucker, Ludovic TI Initial in situ measurements of perennial meltwater storage in the Greenland firn aquifer SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Greenland perennial firn aquifer; mass balance; meltwater ID SHEET MASS-BALANCE; ICE-SHEET AB A perennial storage of water in a firn aquifer was discovered in southeast Greenland in 2011. We present the first in situ measurements of the aquifer, including densities and temperatures. Water was present at depths between similar to 12 and 37m and amounted to 18.70.9kg in the extracted core. The water filled the firn to capacity at similar to 35m. Measurements show the aquifer temperature remained at the melting point, representing a large heat reservoir within the firn. Using model results of liquid water extent and aquifer surface depth from radar measurements, we extend our in situ measurements to the Greenland ice sheet. The estimated water volume is 14020 Gt, representing similar to 0.4mm of sea level rise (SLR). It is unknown if the aquifer temporary buffers SLR or contributes to SLR through drainage and/or ice dynamics. Key Points First Greenland aquifer estimate of stored water, similar to 0.4 mm of SLR First aquifer temperature and density profiles are shown Evidence for aquifer filling after Greenland extreme melt in 2012 C1 [Koenig, Lora S.; Brucker, Ludovic] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Miege, Clement; Forster, Richard R.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Brucker, Ludovic] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Koenig, LS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM lora.s.koenig@nasa.gov RI Brucker, Ludovic/A-8029-2010; OI Brucker, Ludovic/0000-0001-7102-8084; Miege, Clement/0000-0002-1894-3723 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 1 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1002/2013GL058083 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JL UT WOS:000332990200014 ER PT J AU Jethva, H Torres, O Waquet, F Chand, D Hu, YX AF Jethva, Hiren Torres, Omar Waquet, Fabien Chand, Duli Hu, Yongxiang TI How doA- train sensors intercompare in the retrieval of above- cloud aerosol optical depth? A case study- based assessment SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Above-cloud Aerosol Optical Depth; A-train; Passive and Active Sensors ID EXTINCTION; CALIOP; LAYERS AB We intercompare the above-cloud aerosol optical depth (ACAOD) of biomass burning plumes retrieved from A-train sensors, i.e., Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), Polarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectances (POLDER), and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). These sensors have shown independent capabilities to retrieve aerosol loading above marine boundary layer cloudsa kind of situation often found over the southeast Atlantic Ocean during dry burning season. A systematic comparison reveals that all passive sensors and CALIOP-based research methods derive comparable ACAOD with differences mostly within 0.2 over homogeneous cloud fields. The 532nm ACAOD retrieved by CALIOP operational algorithm is underestimated. The retrieved 1064nm AOD however shows closer agreement with passive sensors. Given the different types of measurements processed with different algorithms, the reported close agreement between them is encouraging. Due to unavailability of direct measurements above cloud, the validation of satellite-based ACAOD remains an open challenge. The intersatellite comparison however can be useful for the relative evaluation and consistency check. Key Points Above-cloud aerosol optical depths derived from A-train sensors are compared Agreement between sensors is robust over homogeneous cloud fields CALIOP 532nm retrieval was underestimated but its 1064nm is in close agreement C1 [Jethva, Hiren] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Jethva, Hiren; Torres, Omar] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Waquet, Fabien] Univ Lille, Lab Opt Atmospher, Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Chand, Duli] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hu, Yongxiang] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Jethva, H (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. EM hiren.t.jethva@nasa.gov RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013 NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 1 BP 186 EP 192 DI 10.1002/2013GL058405 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JL UT WOS:000332990200031 ER PT J AU Caraway, NM McCreight, JL Rajagopalan, B AF Caraway, Nina Marie McCreight, James Lucian Rajagopalan, Balaji TI Multisite stochastic weather generation using cluster analysis and k-nearest neighbor time series resampling SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Weather generation; Stochastic; Nonparametric; Multisite; Colorado River; San Juan River ID LINEAR MODELING APPROACH; DAILY RAINFALL DATA; DAILY PRECIPITATION; SOLAR-RADIATION; RHINE BASIN; SIMULATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; ALGORITHM; IMPACT AB We offer a multisite stochastic weather generator which is an enhancement to the traditional K-nearest neighbor resampling approach. The proposed weather generator consists of three main components: (i) Clustering of spatial locations into homogeneous regions based on a selected attribute (precipitation), (ii) Markov transition probabilities (either on individual clusters or) over all eight wet/dry states of the three-cluster system to model the spatial precipitation occurrence, and (iii) the traditional K-NN weather generator applied to each cluster-averaged weather time series to generate weather sequences at all the desired locations. The weather generator is also adapted to conditional simulation based on seasonal forecasts involving modification of the third component. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by simulating daily weather sequences at 66 locations in the 25,000 sq. mile San Juan River watershed, a tributary of the Colorado River, USA. As the classic K-NN approach involves sampling from a domain-averaged feature vector, all daily weather is simulated across all locations simultaneously. While this preserves the joint statistics, it tends to be biased to the extremes on any given day. Our cluster-based approach offers the ability to account for regional persistence and spatial non-stationarities. In our comparison of the methods, the cluster-based approach demonstrates some improvement over the classic approach, particularly when modeling winter precipitation, reproducing spells, and in dry years. While this particular application shows only marginal improvement, we offer cluster-based resampling as a novel methodological contribution. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Caraway, Nina Marie; Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McCreight, James Lucian] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ecol Forecasting Lab, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Caraway, NM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM nina.caraway@gmail.com RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013 OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240 FU NOAA program element Climate Prediction Program for the Americas; NASA postdoctoral program FX We gratefully acknowledge the funding of this research from the NOAA program element Climate Prediction Program for the Americas. The NASA postdoctoral program provided funding for J. McCreight. We thank Andrew Wood and Kevin Werner for the model data and their help. Thanks to Rama Nemani, the NEX team, and NASA super computing for computing facilities and support. We also thank the Center for Advanced Decision Support in Water and Environmental Systems (CADSWES) at the University of Colorado, Boulder for use of their facilities. Additionally, all analysis was performed in R (R Core Team, 2013) and graphics were created using the ggplot2 package (Wickham, 2009). NR 55 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 508 BP 197 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.10.054 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AB9SI UT WOS:000332135600017 ER PT J AU Schumann, GJP Andreadis, KM Bates, PD AF Schumann, Guy J. -P. Andreadis, Konstantinos M. Bates, Paul D. TI Downscaling coarse grid hydrodynamic model simulations over large domains SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrodynamic model; Large scale; Downscaling; Digital elevation model ID INUNDATION; PRECIPITATION; RIVER AB It is evident in recent literature that hydrodynamic modelling efforts have moved to increasing spatial coverage while trying to preserve simulation accuracies at computationally efficient coarse grids (100 m to several km). However, it is clear that there is a need to retain fine spatial resolutions at large scales wherever possible in order to still retrieve meaningful information from models or indeed observations, such as identifying individual assets at risk from flooding for instance. Since it is currently rather impractical to model hydrodynamics across areas larger than a couple of thousand km(2) at a fine spatial resolution (finer than 100 m), this paper proposes a method to downscale coarse model simulations (model grid size of 100 m to several km) to a fine spatial resolution. The method is mass conservative and uses a hydraulic 1D approach within the channel and a pseudo region-growing algorithm on the floodplain. Comparison to a high resolution reference model over a domain size much larger than those traditionally modelled showed that downscaling a 600 m grid resolution hydrodynamic LISFLOOD-FP model to 30 m leads to average accuracies greater than 30 cm in water depth and above 90% in inundation area for a high accuracy digital elevation model (DEM). When employing a SRTM DEM accuracies were still between 0.5 m and 1.5 m for water depth but agreements in inundated area were much lower than 90%. We speculate that for simulating the world's major rivers and their floodplains at a resolution of 90 m, even a speed-efficient model could take over three years to simulate inundation patterns at that resolution for a one-year hydrograph. However, it is expected that the proposed downscaling method could be used to downscale LISFLOOD-FP model simulations run at a 3 km resolution with reasonably similar accuracies and at only a fraction of the computational time required by the 90 m model. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schumann, Guy J. -P.; Andreadis, Konstantinos M.] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bates, Paul D.] Cabot Inst, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Bates, Paul D.] Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. RP Schumann, GJP (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Guy.J.Schumann@jpl.nasa.gov RI Bates, Paul/C-8026-2012; Schumann, Guy/F-9760-2011 OI Bates, Paul/0000-0001-9192-9963; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 508 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.08.051 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AB9SI UT WOS:000332135600024 ER PT J AU Grin, D Hanson, D Holder, GP Dore, O Kamionkowski, M AF Grin, Daniel Hanson, Duncan Holder, Gilbert P. Dore, Olivier Kamionkowski, Marc TI Baryons do trace dark matter 380,000 years after the big bang: Search for compensated isocurvature perturbations with WMAP 9-year data SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ISOTHERMAL DENSITY PERTURBATIONS; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE SCENARIO; ANISOTROPY; FLUCTUATIONS; POLARIZATION; CONSTRAINTS; GAUSSIANITY; GENERATION; COSMOGONY; TESTS AB Primordial isocurvature fluctuations between photons and either neutrinos or nonrelativistic species such as baryons or dark matter are known to be subdominant to adiabatic fluctuations. Perturbations in the relative densities of baryons and dark matter (known as compensated isocurvature perturbations or CIPs), however, are surprisingly poorly constrained. CIPs leave no imprint in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on observable scales, at least at linear order in their amplitude and zeroth order in the amplitude of adiabatic perturbations. It is thus not yet empirically known if baryons trace dark matter at the surface of last scattering. If CIPs exist, they would spatially modulate the Silk damping scale and acoustic horizon, causing distinct fluctuations in the CMB temperature/polarization power spectra across the sky: this effect is first order in both the CIP and adiabatic mode amplitudes. Here, temperature data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) are used to conduct the first CMB-based observational search for CIPs, using off-diagonal correlations and the CMB trispectrum. Reconstruction noise from weak lensing and point sources is shown to be negligible for this data set. No evidence for CIPs is observed, and a 95% confidence upper limit of 1.1 x 10(-2) is imposed to the amplitude of a scale-invariant CIP power spectrum. This limit agrees with CIP sensitivity forecasts for WMAP and is competitive with smaller-scale constraints from measurements of the baryon fraction in galaxy clusters. It is shown that the root-mean-squared CIP amplitude on 5-100 degrees scales is smaller than similar to 0.07-0.17 (depending on the scale) at the 95% confidence level. Temperature data from the Planck satellite will provide an even more sensitive probe for the existence of CIPs, as will the upcoming ACTPol and SPTPol experiments on smaller angular scales. C1 [Grin, Daniel] Inst Adv Study Princeton, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Hanson, Duncan; Holder, Gilbert P.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Hanson, Duncan; Dore, Olivier] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Dore, Olivier] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kamionkowski, Marc] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Grin, D (reprint author), Inst Adv Study Princeton, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM dgrin@ias.edu FU National Science Foundation [AST-0807044]; NASA [NNX11AF29G, NNX12AE86G]; Department of Energy [DoE SC-0008108]; CITA National Fellowship at McGill; NSF [1066293] FX We acknowledge useful conversations with D. N. Spergel, C. Dvorkin, and K. M. Smith. D. G. was supported at the Institute for Advanced Study by the National Science Foundation (AST-0807044) and NASA (NNX11AF29G). M. K. was supported by the Department of Energy (DoE SC-0008108) and NASA (NNX12AE86G). Part of the research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work was supported by a CITA National Fellowship at McGill. Some of the results in this paper have been derived using HEALPIX [92]. This work was begun during the 2011 winter conference "Inflationary theory and its confrontation with data in the Planck era" at the Aspen Center for Physics (NSF Grant No. 1066293). The authors are very grateful for the hospitality of the Aspen Center. NR 92 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 2 AR 023006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.89.023006 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA AB5YT UT WOS:000331865300003 ER PT J AU Cai, XT Yang, ZL David, CH Niu, GY Rodell, M AF Cai, Xitian Yang, Zong-Liang David, Cedric H. Niu, Guo-Yue Rodell, Matthew TI Hydrological evaluation of the Noah-MP land surface model for the Mississippi River Basin SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Noah; land surface model; evaluation; hydrology; Mississippi River Basin; multiphysics ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; EAST-CENTRAL ILLINOIS; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; CLIMATE MODEL; WATER; RUNOFF; PRECIPITATION; BALANCES; SCALES; SCHEME AB This study evaluates regional-scale hydrological simulations of the newly developed community Noah land surface model (LSM) with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP). The model is configured for the Mississippi River Basin and driven by the North American Land Data Assimilation System Phase 2 atmospheric forcing at 1/8 degrees resolution. The simulations are compared with various observational data sets, including the U.S. Geological Survey streamflow and groundwater data, the AmeriFlux tower micrometeorological evapotranspiration (ET) measurements, the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN)-observed soil moisture data, and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellite-derived terrestrial water storage (TWS) anomaly data. Compared with these observations and to the baseline Noah LSM simulations, Noah-MP shows significant improvement in hydrological modeling for major hydrological variables (runoff, groundwater, ET, soil moisture, and TWS), which is very likely due to the incorporation of some major improvements into Noah-MP, particularly an unconfined aquifer storage layer for groundwater dynamics and an interactive vegetation canopy for dynamic leaf phenology. Noah-MP produces soil moisture values consistent with the SCAN observations for the top two soil layers (0-10cm and 10-40cm), indicating its great potential to be used in studying land-atmosphere coupling. In addition, the simulated groundwater spatial patterns are comparable to observations; however, the inclusion of groundwater in Noah-MP requires a longer spin-up time (34 years for the entire study domain). Runoff simulation is highly sensitive to three parameters: the surface dryness factor (), the saturated hydraulic conductivity (k), and the saturated soil moisture ((max)). C1 [Cai, Xitian; Yang, Zong-Liang; David, Cedric H.] Univ Texas Austin, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Niu, Guo-Yue] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Rodell, Matthew] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yang, ZL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, 1 Univ Stn C1100, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM liang@jsg.utexas.edu RI Cai, Xitian/N-4526-2013; Yang, Zong-Liang/B-4916-2011; Rodell, Matthew/E-4946-2012; Niu, Guo-Yue/B-8317-2011 OI Cai, Xitian/0000-0002-4798-4954; Rodell, Matthew/0000-0003-0106-7437; FU NASA [NNX11AJ43G]; NSFC [41375088] FX This work is supported by the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program, award NNX11AJ43G and NSFC grant 41375088. The authors would like to thank Seungbum Hong for his help in model setup, Ying Fan for providing observed water table depth data and sharing her insight into these data, Youlong Xia for sharing the SCAN-observed soil moisture data, and Sean C. Swenson for providing the GRACE data and for his help in the calculation of modeled TWS. The first author is grateful to Jiangfeng Wei for his invaluable comments. NR 66 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 23 EP 38 DI 10.1002/2013JD020792 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA2NF UT WOS:000330930600003 ER PT J AU Li, J Carlson, BE Lacis, AA AF Li, Jing Carlson, Barbara E. Lacis, Andrew A. TI Application of spectral analysis techniques in the intercomparison of aerosol data. Part II: Using maximum covariance analysis to effectively compare spatiotemporal variability of satellite and AERONET measured aerosol optical depth SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Maximum Covariance Analysis; spatial-temporal variability; aerosol optical depth; AERONET ID MULTIANGLE IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; INDO-GANGETIC BASIN; DATA ASSIMILATION; EMISSION CONTROLS; MODIS; LAND; MISR; RETRIEVALS; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS AB Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS) and Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiomater (MISR) provide regular aerosol observations with global coverage. It is essential to examine the coherency between space- and ground-measured aerosol parameters in representing aerosol spatial and temporal variability, especially in the climate forcing and model validation context. In this paper, we introduce Maximum Covariance Analysis (MCA), also known as Singular Value Decomposition analysis as an effective way to compare correlated aerosol spatial and temporal patterns between satellite measurements and AERONET data. This technique not only successfully extracts the variability of major aerosol regimes but also allows the simultaneous examination of the aerosol variability both spatially and temporally. More importantly, it well accommodates the sparsely distributed AERONET data, for which other spectral decomposition methods, such as Principal Component Analysis, do not yield satisfactory results. The comparison shows overall good agreement between MODIS/MISR and AERONET AOD variability. The correlations between the first three modes of MCA results for both MODIS/AERONET and MISR/AERONET are above 0.8 for the full data set and above 0.75 for the AOD anomaly data. The correlations between MODIS and MISR modes are also quite high (> 0.9). We also examine the extent of spatial agreement between satellite and AERONET AOD data at the selected stations. Some sites with disagreements in the MCA results, such as Kanpur, also have low spatial coherency. This should be associated partly with high AOD spatial variability and partly with uncertainties in satellite retrievals due to the seasonally varying aerosol types and surface properties. C1 [Li, Jing; Carlson, Barbara E.; Lacis, Andrew A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Li, Jing] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway,Room 643, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM jl2862@columbia.edu RI Li, Jing/J-2397-2014 OI Li, Jing/0000-0002-0540-0412 FU NASA [509496.02.08.04.24]; NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP) FX We thank the MODIS, MISR, and AERONET science team for providing the data used in this research. We also thank the anonymous reviews for providing helpful comments and suggestions in improving the manuscript. This study is funded by NASA climate grant 509496.02.08.04.24. Jing Li is funded by the NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP), administrated by the Oak Ridge Associated Universities. NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1002/2013JD020537 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA2NF UT WOS:000330930600013 ER PT J AU Kacenelenbogen, M Redemann, J Vaughan, MA Omar, AH Russell, PB Burton, S Rogers, RR Ferrare, RA Hostetler, CA AF Kacenelenbogen, M. Redemann, J. Vaughan, M. A. Omar, A. H. Russell, P. B. Burton, S. Rogers, R. R. Ferrare, R. A. Hostetler, C. A. TI An evaluation of CALIOP/CALIPSO's aerosol-above-cloud detection and retrieval capability over North America SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol above clouds; AAC; CALIOP; HSRL; lidar; CALIPSO ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; CALIPSO LIDAR; OPTICAL DEPTH; WATER CLOUDS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; AERONET MEASUREMENTS; RADIATION BUDGET; LAYERS; BACKSCATTER; EXTINCTION AB Assessing the accuracy of the aerosol-above-cloud (AAC) properties derived by CALIOP (the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) is challenged by the shortage of accurate global validation measurements. We have used measurements of aerosol vertical profiles from the NASA Langley airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-1) in 86 CALIOP-coincident flights to evaluate CALIOP AAC detection, classification, and retrieval. Our study shows that CALIOP detects similar to 23% of the HSRL-detected AAC. According to our CALIOP-HSRL data set, the majority of AAC aerosol optical depth (AOD) values are < 0.1 at 532 nm over North America. Our analyses show that the standard CALIOP retrieval algorithm substantially underestimates the occurrence frequency of AAC when optical depths are less than similar to 0.02. Those aerosols with low AOD values can still have a consequent radiative forcing effect depending on the underlying cloud cover and overlying aerosol absorption properties. We find essentially no correlation between CALIOP and HSRL AAC AOD (R2 = 0.27 and N = 151). We show that the CALIOP underestimation of AAC is mostly due to tenuous aerosol layers with backscatter less than the CALIOP detection threshold. The application of an alternate CALIOP AAC retrieval method (depolarization ratio) to our data set yields very few coincident cases. We stress the need for more extensive suborbital CALIOP validation campaigns to acquire a process-level understanding of AAC implications and further evaluate CALIOP's AAC detection and retrieval capability, especially over the ocean and in different parts of the world where AAC are more frequently observed and show higher values of AOD. C1 [Kacenelenbogen, M.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. [Redemann, J.; Russell, P. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Vaughan, M. A.; Omar, A. H.; Burton, S.; Rogers, R. R.; Ferrare, R. A.; Hostetler, C. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Kacenelenbogen, M (reprint author), Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. EM meloe.s.kacenelenbogen@nasa.gov RI Omar, Ali/D-7102-2017 OI Omar, Ali/0000-0003-1871-9235 FU CALIPSO ST under NASA [NNX10AN60G] FX This study was supported by CALIPSO ST funding under NASA grant NNX10AN60G. We would like to thank the CALIOP and HSRL teams for their efforts in providing and discussing these data sets. NR 61 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 230 EP 244 DI 10.1002/2013JD020178 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA2NF UT WOS:000330930600019 ER PT J AU Orbe, C Holzer, M Polvani, LM Waugh, DW Li, F Oman, LD Newman, PA AF Orbe, Clara Holzer, Mark Polvani, Lorenzo M. Waugh, Darryn W. Li, Feng Oman, Luke D. Newman, Paul A. TI Seasonal ventilation of the stratosphere: Robust diagnostics from one-way flux distributions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE stratosphere-troposphere exchange; one-way flux distributions; seasonal ventilation of the stratosphere ID CROSS-TROPOPAUSE EXCHANGE; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; MODEL SIMULATIONS; MASS-EXCHANGE; PATH DENSITY; ANNUAL CYCLE; WATER-VAPOR; PIPE MODEL AB We present an analysis of the seasonally varying ventilation of the stratosphere using one-way flux distributions. Robust transport diagnostics are computed using GEOSCCM subject to fixed present-day climate forcings. From the one-way flux, we determine the mass of the stratosphere that is in transit since entry through the tropical tropopause to its exit back into the troposphere, partitioned according to stratospheric residence time and exit location. The seasonalities of all diagnostics are quantified with respect to the month of year (a) when air enters the stratosphere, (b) when the mass of the stratosphere is partitioned, and (c) when air exits back into the troposphere. We find that the return flux, within 3 months since entry, depends strongly on when entry occurred: (3410)% more of the air entering the stratosphere in July leaves poleward of 45 degrees N compared to air that enters in January. The month of year when the air mass is partitioned is also found to be important: The stratosphere contains about six times more air of tropical origin during late summer and early fall that will leave poleward of 45 degrees within 6 months since entering the stratosphere compared to during late winter to late spring. When the entire mass of the air that entered the stratosphere at the tropics regardless of its residence time is considered, we find that (511)% and (392)% will leave poleward of 10 degrees in the Nothern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH), respectively. C1 [Orbe, Clara; Holzer, Mark; Polvani, Lorenzo M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Holzer, Mark] Univ New S Wales, Sch Math & Stat, Dept Appl Math, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Polvani, Lorenzo M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Waugh, Darryn W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Li, Feng] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD USA. [Li, Feng; Oman, Luke D.; Newman, Paul A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmospher Chem & Dynam, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Orbe, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM clara.orbe@nasa.gov RI Oman, Luke/C-2778-2009; Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012 OI Oman, Luke/0000-0002-5487-2598; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798; Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508 FU NSF [ATM-0854711] FX This work was supported by an NSF grant ATM-0854711 (M.H. and L.P.). NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 293 EP 306 DI 10.1002/2013JD020213 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA2NF UT WOS:000330930600024 ER PT J AU Lapina, K Henze, DK Milford, JB Huang, M Lin, MY Fiore, AM Carmichael, G Pfister, GG Bowman, K AF Lapina, Kateryna Henze, Daven K. Milford, Jana B. Huang, Min Lin, Meiyun Fiore, Arlene M. Carmichael, Greg Pfister, Gabriele G. Bowman, Kevin TI Assessment of source contributions to seasonal vegetative exposure to ozone in the US SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE vegetation exposure; source attribution; surface ozone; ozone impacts ID ADJOINT SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; RELEVANT BACKGROUND OZONE; AIR-QUALITY; SURFACE OZONE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ASIAN EMISSIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; GLOBAL-MODEL AB W126 is a cumulative ozone exposure index based on sigmoidally weighted daytime ozone concentrations used to evaluate the impacts of ozone on vegetation. We quantify W126 in the U.S. in the absence of North American anthropogenic emissions (North American background or NAB) using three regional or global chemical transport models for May-July 2010. All models overestimate W126 in the eastern U.S. due to a persistent bias in daytime ozone, while the models are relatively unbiased in California and the Intermountain West. Substantial difference in the magnitude and spatial and temporal variability of the estimates of W126 NAB between models supports the need for a multimodel approach. While the average NAB contribution to daytime ozone in the Intermountain West is 64-78%, the average W126 NAB is only 9-27% of current levels, owing to the weight given to high O-3 concentrations in W126. Based on a three-model mean, NAB explains similar to 30% of the daily variability in the W126 daily index in the Intermountain West. Adjoint sensitivity analysis shows that nationwide W126 is influenced most by NOx emissions from anthropogenic (58% of the total sensitivity) and natural (25%) sources followed by nonmethane volatile organic compounds (10%) and CO (7%). Most of the influence of anthropogenic NOx comes from the U.S. (80%), followed by Canada (9%), Mexico (4%), and China (3%). Thus, long-range transport of pollution has a relatively small impact on W126 in the U.S., and domestic emissions control should be effective for reducing W126 levels. C1 [Lapina, Kateryna; Henze, Daven K.; Milford, Jana B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Huang, Min; Bowman, Kevin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Huang, Min; Carmichael, Greg] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA USA. [Lin, Meiyun] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lin, Meiyun] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Pfister, Gabriele G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Lapina, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, ECME 114,1111 Engn Dr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kateryna.lapina@colorado.edu RI Lin, Meiyun/D-6107-2013 OI Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491 FU NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team award [NNX11AI54G] FX We thank Victoria Sandiford (EPA/OAQPS), Jeffrey D. Herrick (EPA/ORD), J. Travis Smith (EPA/ OAQPS), and Ellen Porter (NPS/ARD) for valuable discussion. This work was supported by NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team award NNX11AI54G. NR 66 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 324 EP 340 DI 10.1002/2013JD020905 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA2NF UT WOS:000330930600026 ER PT J AU Kuang, D Desai, S Sibthorpe, A Pi, X AF Kuang, D. Desai, S. Sibthorpe, A. Pi, X. TI Measuring atmospheric density using GPS-LEO tracking data SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric density; Satellite drag; Orbit determination; GPS; LEO ID SATELLITE DRAG COEFFICIENTS; ORBIT DETERMINATION; THERMOSPHERE MODEL; SUNSPOT MAXIMUM; GRACE; CHAMP AB We present a method to estimate the total neutral atmospheric density from precise orbit determination of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. We derive the total atmospheric density by determining the drag force acting on the LEOs through centimeter-level reduced-dynamic precise orbit determination (POD) using onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking data. The precision of the estimated drag accelerations is assessed using various metrics, including differences between estimated along-track accelerations from consecutive 30-h POD solutions which overlap by 6 h, comparison of the resulting accelerations with accelerometer measurements, and comparison against an existing atmospheric density model, DTM-2000. We apply the method to GPS tracking data from CHAMP, GRACE, SAC-C, Jason-2, TerraSAR-X and COSMIC satellites, spanning 12 years (2001-2012) and covering orbital heights from 400 km to 1300 km. Errors in the estimates, including those introduced by deficiencies in other modeled forces (such as solar radiation pressure and Earth radiation pressure), are evaluated and the signal and noise levels for each satellite are analyzed. The estimated density data from CHAMP, GRACE, SAC-C and TerraSAR-X are identified as having high signal and low noise levels. These data all have high correlations with anominal atmospheric density model and show common features in relative residuals with respect to the nominal model in related parameter space. On the contrary, the estimated density data from COSMIC and Jason-2 show errors larger than the actual signal at corresponding altitudes thus having little practical value for this study. The results demonstrate that this method is applicable to data from a variety of missions and can provide useful total neutral density measurements for atmospheric study up to altitude as high as 715 km, with precision and resolution between those derived from traditional special orbital perturbation analysis and those obtained from onboard accelerometers. (C) 2013 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kuang, D.; Desai, S.; Sibthorpe, A.; Pi, X.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kuang, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM dakuang@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The work described in this study is carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors want to thank Sean Bruinsma for helpful information and discussions on DTM models. Valuable suggestions and comments by the two anonymous reviewers are very much appreciated. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 2 BP 243 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2013.11.022 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB0QW UT WOS:000331498200008 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Lujan, I Fonollosa, J Vergara, A Homer, M Huerta, R AF Rodriguez-Lujan, Irene Fonollosa, Jordi Vergara, Alexander Homer, Margie Huerta, Ramon TI On the calibration of sensor arrays for pattern recognition using the minimal number of experiments SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Electronic nose; Gas sensing; Support Vector Machines; Fast calibration; Pattern recognition; Gas discrimination; Active learning ID SEMICONDUCTOR GAS SENSORS; MULTICLASS CLASSIFICATION; ANALYTICAL-CHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL SENSORS; SENSING SYSTEM; OPTIMIZATION; SELECTION; CLASSIFIERS; ALGORITHM; NETWORKS AB We investigate optimal experiment selection to train a classifier on gas sensor arrays to get the maximal possible performance in a limited number of experiments. In gas sensing, while collecting data for a particular sensor array, one has to choose what gas and concentration level is going to be presented in the next experiment. It is an active decision by the operator selecting the experiments and training the classifiers. Can the algorithm be trained sooner rather than later? Can we minimize the costs of collecting the data in terms of the man-hour of the operator and the expenses of the experiment itself? Active control sampling provides a way to deal with the challenge of minimizing the calibration costs and is applicable to any situation where experimental selection is parameterized by an external control variable. Our results indicate that active sampling strategies can only improve a random selection of experiments over a wide range of concentration of gasses. However, random or uninformed selection is fairly close. Additionally, our active sampling methodology reveals that, when there is no prior knowledge about the range of concentrations to which the sensor will be exposed during real operation, sensor must be calibrated over the entire working range, not just high concentrations. In fact, our results show that it is especially important to include low concentrations in the calibration since the lack of these values would dramatically decrease the performance of the system. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rodriguez-Lujan, Irene; Fonollosa, Jordi; Huerta, Ramon] Univ Calif, BioCircuits Inst, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Vergara, Alexander] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Homer, Margie] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Rodriguez-Lujan, I (reprint author), Univ Calif, BioCircuits Inst, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. EM irenerodriguez@ucsd.edu; fonollosa@ucsd.edu; alexander.vergaratinoco@nist.gov; margie.l.homer@jpl.nasa.gov; rhuerta@ucsd.edu RI Huerta, Ramon/J-4316-2012; Huerta, Ramon/C-9296-2013; Rodriguez-Lujan, Irene/E-8619-2016; Fonollosa, Jordi/L-2303-2014 OI Huerta, Ramon/0000-0003-3925-5169; Huerta, Ramon/0000-0003-3925-5169; Rodriguez-Lujan, Irene/0000-0001-9512-9162; Fonollosa, Jordi/0000-0001-8854-8588 FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory [2013-1479652]; North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) [SPS-984511]; NIST/NIH FX This work has been supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory under the contract number 2013-1479652 and partially financed by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) under the Science for Peace & Security Program, grant no. SPS-984511. Alexander Vergara was financially supported by the NIST/NIH Research Associateship program administered by the National Research Council and partially financed by NATO. The authors also thank Joanna Zytkowicz for proof-reading and revising the manuscript. NR 65 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 EI 1873-3239 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 130 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.chemolab.2013.10.012 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA AA2HE UT WOS:000330914900017 ER PT J AU Huang, H Xie, GD Yan, Y Ahmed, N Ren, YX Yue, Y Rogawski, D Willner, MJ Erkmen, BI Birnbaum, KM Dolinar, SJ Lavery, MPJ Padgett, MJ Tur, M Willner, AE AF Huang, Hao Xie, Guodong Yan, Yan Ahmed, Nisar Ren, Yongxiong Yue, Yang Rogawski, Dvora Willner, Moshe J. Erkmen, Baris I. Birnbaum, Kevin M. Dolinar, Samuel J. Lavery, Martin P. J. Padgett, Miles J. Tur, Moshe Willner, Alan E. TI 100 Tbit/s free-space data link enabled by three-dimensional multiplexing of orbital angular momentum, polarization, and wavelength SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DATA-TRANSMISSION; LIGHT; FIBERS; BEAMS AB We investigate the orthogonality of orbital angular momentum (OAM) with other multiplexing domains and present a free-space data link that uniquely combines OAM-, polarization-, and wavelength-division multiplexing. Specifically, we demonstrate the multiplexing/demultiplexing of 1008 data channels carried on 12 OAM beams, 2 polarizations, and 42 wavelengths. Each channel is encoded with 100 Gbit/s quadrature phase-shift keying data, providing an aggregate capacity of 100.8 Tbit/s (12 x 2 x 42 x 100 Gbit/s). (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Huang, Hao; Xie, Guodong; Yan, Yan; Ahmed, Nisar; Ren, Yongxiong; Yue, Yang; Rogawski, Dvora; Willner, Moshe J.; Willner, Alan E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Erkmen, Baris I.; Birnbaum, Kevin M.; Dolinar, Samuel J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lavery, Martin P. J.; Padgett, Miles J.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Tur, Moshe] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Huang, H (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM haoh@usc.edu RI Padgett, Miles/B-7625-2008; Lavery, Martin/H-2265-2015 OI Padgett, Miles/0000-0001-6643-0618; FU DARPA FX This work is supported by DARPA under the Inpho program. NR 23 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 6 U2 56 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 2 BP 197 EP 200 DI 10.1364/OL.39.000197 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 292MV UT WOS:000329906900005 PM 24562105 ER PT J AU Kramer, G AF Kramer, Georgiana CA Kickapoo Lunar Res Team TI Stratified ejecta boulders as indicators of layered plutons on the Moon SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Moon; Moon, surface; Geological processes ID LAVA FLOWS; EMPLACEMENT; BASALT; DEPOSITS AB High resolution images of stratified ejecta boulders on the lunar nearside reveal layers of alternating low and high albedo material. We measured the thickness and albedo of each alternating light and dark layer from 29 stratified boulders located in Aristarchus Crater and Mare Undarum. The results were used to test hypotheses to explain the origin of the observed strata in these impact ejected boulders. Morphologically, these boulders demonstrate cross-bedding, trough-shaped layering, tapered layering and cumulate enclaves. We interpret these characteristics to be evidence that these layers result from periodic disruption by convection or density currents within a cooling layered igneous intrusion. We demonstrate that the layering observed in these boulders cannot be the result of known processes occurring on the surface, but instead suggests a history of complex intrusive igneous processes within the lunar crust. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kickapoo Lunar Res Team] Kickapoo High Sch, Springfield, MO 65807 USA. [Kramer, Georgiana] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Ctr Lunar Sci & Explorat, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Kramer, Georgiana] NASA, Lunar Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Kramer, G (reprint author), Lunar & Planetary Inst, Ctr Lunar Sci & Explorat, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM kramer@lpi.usra.edu FU NASA Lunar Science Institute's Center for Lunar Science and Exploration [NNA09DB33A] FX This research was made possible through the Lunar High School Research Program, an educational program of the NASA Lunar Science Institute's Center for Lunar Science and Exploration led by Dr. David Kring, Contract #NNA09DB33A. The authors thank the reviewers for their insight in improving the manuscript. The authors also wish to acknowledge Andrew Shaner, Michael Zanetti, Brent Garry, Teemu Ohman, and Ross Potter for guidance and consultation. This is LPI Contribution No. 1759. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 228 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.10.003 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 275HC UT WOS:000328665900011 ER PT J AU DiSanti, MA Villanueva, GL Paganini, L Bonev, BP Keane, JV Meech, KJ Mumma, MJ AF DiSanti, Michael A. Villanueva, Geronimo L. Paganini, Lucas Bonev, Boncho P. Keane, Jacqueline V. Meech, Karen J. Mumma, Michael J. TI Pre- and post-perihelion observations of C/2009 P1 (Garradd): Evidence for an oxygen-rich heritage? SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Comets, composition; Spectroscopy; Comets, coma; Comets, origin ID O1 HALE-BOPP; C/1996 B2 HYAKUTAKE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; OORT-CLOUD; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; VOLATILE COMPOSITION; ORGANIC COMPOSITION; INTERSTELLAR ICES; PARENT VOLATILES; COMET 8P/TUTTLE AB We conducted pre- and post-perihelion observations of Comet C/2009 P1 (Garradd) on UT 2011 October 13 and 2012 January 8, at heliocentric distances of 1.83 and 1.57 AU, respectively, using the high-resolution infrared spectrometer (NIRSPEC) at the Keck II 10-m telescope on Mauna Kea, HI. Pre-perihelion, we obtained production rates for nine primary volatiles (native ices): H2O, CO, CH3OH, CH4, C2H6, HCN, C2H2, H2CO, and NH3. Post-perihelion, we obtained production rates for three of these (H2O, CH4, and HCN) and sensitive upper limits for three others (C2H2, H2CO, and NH3). CO was enriched and C2H2 was depleted, yet C2H6 and CH3OH were close to their current mean values as measured in a dominant group of Oort cloud comets. This may indicate processing of its pre-cometary ices in a relatively oxygen-rich environment. Our measurements indicate consistent pre- and post-perihelion abundance ratios relative to H2O, suggesting we were measuring compositional homogeneity among measured species to the depths in the nucleus sampled. However, the overall gas production was lower post-perihelion despite its smaller heliocentric distance on January 8. This is qualitatively consistent with other studies of C/2009 P1, perhaps due to seasonal differences in the heating of one or more active regions on the nucleus. On October 13, the water profile showed a pronounced excess towards the Sun-facing hemisphere that was not seen in other molecules, including H2O on January 8, nor in the dust continuum. Inter-comparison of profiles from October 13 permitted us to quantify contributions due to release of H2O from the nucleus, and from its release in the coma. This resulted in the latter source contributing 25-30% of the total observed water within our slit, which covered roughly +/- 300 km by +/- 4500 km from the nucleus. We attribute this excess H2O, which peaked at a mean projected distance of 1300-1500 km from the nucleus, to release from water-rich, relatively pure icy grains. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [DiSanti, Michael A.; Villanueva, Geronimo L.; Paganini, Lucas; Bonev, Boncho P.; Mumma, Michael J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Ctr Astrobiol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [DiSanti, Michael A.; Mumma, Michael J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Villanueva, Geronimo L.; Paganini, Lucas; Bonev, Boncho P.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Paganini, Lucas] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Keane, Jacqueline V.; Meech, Karen J.] Univ Hawaii, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Honolulu, HI 96722 USA. [Keane, Jacqueline V.; Meech, Karen J.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP DiSanti, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Ctr Astrobiol, Mail Stop 693-0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM michael.a.disanti@nasa.gov FU NASA Astrobiology Institute [RTOP 344-53-51, NNA09DA77A]; NASA Planetary Astronomy Program [RTOPs 09-PAST09-0034, 344-32-07]; NASA Planetary Atmospheres Program [RTOPs 09-PATM-0080, 12-PATM12-0049]; National Science Foundation Astronomy and Astrophysics [AST-1211362, AST-0807939]; NASA Postdoctoral Program; W.M. Keck Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge support through the NASA Astrobiology Institute under Cooperative Agreements (RTOP 344-53-51 to GSFC, and NNA09DA77A to U. Hawai'i), the NASA Planetary Astronomy Program (RTOPs 09-PAST09-0034, 344-32-07), the NASA Planetary Atmospheres Program (RTOPs 09-PATM-0080, 12-PATM12-0049), the National Science Foundation Astronomy and Astrophysics Grants Program (AST-1211362, AST-0807939), and the NASA Postdoctoral Program. We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the paper. M.A.D. thanks S. Charnley for fruitful discussions regarding surface chemistry of interstellar ices, and R. Novak for participating in the January 8 observations. The data presented herein were obtained at the W.M. Keck Observatory, operated as a scientific partnership among CalTech, UCLA, and NASA, and made possible by the generous financial support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. The authors recognize the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate for the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. NR 93 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 228 BP 167 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.09.001 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 275HC UT WOS:000328665900013 ER PT J AU Thomas, CA Emery, JP Trilling, DE Delbo, M Hora, JL Mueller, M AF Thomas, Cristina A. Emery, Joshua P. Trilling, David E. Delbo, Marco Hora, Joseph L. Mueller, Michael TI Physical characterization of Warm Spitzer-observed near-Earth objects SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroids; Asteroids, composition; Spectroscopy; Near-Earth objects ID ASTEROID SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; INFRARED TELESCOPE FACILITY; S-TYPE ASTEROIDS; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; ORDINARY CHONDRITE; 433 EROS; MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; SPACE-TELESCOPE; SOURCE REGIONS; DAWN MISSION AB Near-infrared spectroscopy of Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) connects diagnostic spectral features to specific surface mineralogies. The combination of spectroscopy with albedos and diameters derived from thermal infrared observations can increase the scientific return beyond that of the individual datasets. For instance, some taxonomic classes can be separated into distinct compositional groupings with albedo and different mineralogies with similar albedos can be distinguished with spectroscopy. To that end, we have completed a spectroscopic observing campaign to complement the ExploreNEOs Warm Spitzer program that obtained albedos and diameters of nearly 600 NEOs (Trilling, D.E. et al. [2010]. Astron. J. 140, 770-784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/140/3/770). The spectroscopy campaign included visible and near-infrared observations of ExploreNEOs targets from various observatories. Here we present the results of observations using the low-resolution prism mode (similar to 0.7-2.5 mu m) of the SpeX instrument on the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF). We also include near-infrared observations of ExploreNEOs targets from the MIT-UH-IRTF Joint Campaign for Spectral Reconnaissance. Our dataset includes near-infrared spectra of 187 ExploreNEOs targets (125 observations of 92 objects from our survey and 213 observations of 154 objects from the MIT survey). We identify a taxonomic class for each spectrum and use band parameter analysis to investigate the mineralogies for the S-, Q-, and V-complex objects. Our analysis suggests that for spectra that contain near-infrared data but lack the visible wavelength region, the Bus-DeMeo system misidentifies some S-types as Q-types. We find no correlation between spectral band parameters and ExploreNEOs albedos and diameters. We investigate the correlations of phase angle with Band Area Ratio and near-infrared spectral slope. We find slightly negative Band Area Ratio (BAR) correlations with phase angle for Eros and Ivar, but a positive BAR correlation with phase angle for Ganymed. The results of our phase angle study are consistent with those of (Sanchez, J.A., Reddy, V., Nathues, A., Cloutis, E.A., Mann, P., Hiesinger, H. [2012]. Icarus 220, 36-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2012.04.008, arXiv:1205.0248). We find evidence for spectral phase reddening for Eros, Ganymed, and Ivar. We identify the likely ordinary chondrite type analog for an appropriate subset of our sample. Our resulting proportions of H, L, and LL ordinary chondrites differ from those calculated for meteorite falls and in previous studies of ordinary chondrite-like NEOs. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Thomas, Cristina A.; Trilling, David E.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Thomas, Cristina A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Thomas, Cristina A.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Emery, Joshua P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Delbo, Marco] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observ Cote Azur, F-06304 Nice 4, France. [Hora, Joseph L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mueller, Michael] Univ Groningen, SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. RP Thomas, CA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM cristina.a.thomas@nasa.gov OI Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650; Mueller, Michael/0000-0003-3217-5385 FU NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA; JPL/Caltech; National Science Foundation [0506716] FX This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA.; This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by JPL/Caltech under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was, provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech.; Part of the data utilized in this publication were obtained and made available by the MIT-UH-IRTF Joint Campaign for NEO Reconnaissance. The IRTF is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement No. NCC 5-538 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Space Science, Planetary Astronomy Program. The MIT component of this work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0506716. NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 228 BP 217 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.10.004 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 275HC UT WOS:000328665900017 ER PT J AU Morishima, R Spilker, L Turner, N AF Morishima, Ryuji Spilker, Linda Turner, Neal TI Azimuthal temperature modulations of Saturn's A ring caused by self-gravity wakes SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Saturn, rings; Infrared observations; Radiative transfer ID THERMAL INFRARED-EMISSION; DENSE PLANETARY RINGS; CASSINI-CIRS; B-RING; MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS; MULTILAYER MODEL; MAIN RINGS; SIMULATIONS; PARTICLES; WAVELENGTHS AB The physical temperatures of the Saturn's A ring measured by the Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) show quadrupole azimuthal modulations besides temperature drops in Saturn's shadow. These azimuthal modulations are likely to be caused by self-gravity wakes. In this paper, we develop a new thermal model in which wakes are modeled as elliptical cylinders ignoring inter-wake particles. All the heat fluxes are calculated explicitly taking into account inter-wake shadowing and heating. We apply our model to azimuthal scans of the A ring obtained by CIRS. It is found that the azimuthal modulation of the ring temperature is primarily caused by the azimuthal variation of the geometric filling factor of the ring seen from the Sun. The thermal inertia estimated from the eclipse data (data only inside and near Saturn's shadow) of the low phase scans is similar to 10 J m(-2) K-1 s(-1/2). With this value of the thermal inertia, the amplitude of the azimuthal temperature modulation is overestimated in our model as compared with those observed. This is likely to be because our model ignores inter-wake particles. The bolometric reflectance of wakes is estimated to be 0.35-0.40 although lower values are required to reproduce temperatures at low solar phase angles. This apparent phase dependence of the reflectance indicates that roughness on the wake surfaces is necessary. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Morishima, Ryuji; Spilker, Linda; Turner, Neal] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Morishima, Ryuji] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Morishima, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Ryuji.Morishima@jpl.nasa.gov OI Turner, Neal/0000-0001-8292-1943 FU NASA's Cassini Data Analysis Program FX We are grateful to Matthew Tiscareno and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments. We thank Stu Pilorz, Shawn Brooks, and Scott Edgington for designing CIRS observations and Estelle Deau for comments on the reflectance. This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. Government sponsorship acknowledged. This work was also supported in part by NASA's Cassini Data Analysis Program. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 228 BP 247 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.10.007 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 275HC UT WOS:000328665900018 ER PT J AU Hudson, RL Ferrante, RF Moore, MH AF Hudson, R. L. Ferrante, R. F. Moore, M. H. TI Infrared spectra and optical constants of astronomical ices: I. Amorphous and crystalline acetylene SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Ices, IR spectroscopy; Trans-neptunian objects; Organic chemistry; Infrared observations ID ABSORPTION INTENSITIES; BAND INTENSITIES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; SOLAR-SYSTEM; METHANE; PLUTO; MOLECULES; CHEMISTRY; ETHANE; WATER AB Here we report recent measurements on acetylene (C2H2) ices at temperatures applicable to the outer Solar System and the interstellar medium. New near- and mid-infrared data, including optical constants (n, k), absorption coefficients (alpha), and absolute band strengths (A), are presented for both amorphous and crystalline phases of C2H2 that exist below 70 K. Comparisons are made to earlier work. Electronic versions of the data are made available, as is a computer routine to use our reported n and k values to simulate the observed IR spectra. Suggestions are given for the use of the data and a comparison to a spectrum of Makemake is made. Published by Elsevier C1 [Hudson, R. L.; Moore, M. H.] NASA, Astrochem Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ferrante, R. F.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hudson, RL (reprint author), NASA, Astrochem Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM reggie.hudson@nasa.gov FU NASA; NASA Astrobiology Institute through the Goddard Center for Astrobiology FX NASA funding through the Outer Planets Research and Cassini Data Analysis programs is acknowledged. MHM and RLH received partial support from the NASA Astrobiology Institute through the Goddard Center for Astrobiology. Michael Brown (California Institute of Technology) is thanked for providing the Makemake spectrum. We particularly thank Jim Moore who, over several years, developed nearly all of the MathCad computer routines used in this study. Perry Gerakines is acknowledged for programming favors with IDL. NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 228 BP 276 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.08.029 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 275HC UT WOS:000328665900020 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JA Reddy, V Kelley, MS Cloutis, EA Bottke, WF Nesvorny, D Lucas, MP Hardersen, PS Gaffey, MJ Abell, PA Le Corre, L AF Sanchez, Juan A. Reddy, Vishnu Kelley, Michael S. Cloutis, Edward A. Bottke, William F. Nesvorny, David Lucas, Michael P. Hardersen, Paul S. Gaffey, Michael J. Abell, Paul A. Le Corre, Lucille TI Olivine-dominated asteroids: Mineralogy and origin SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroids; Spectroscopy; Infrared observations; Meteorites ID NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS; R-CHONDRITE GROUP; INFRARED TELESCOPE FACILITY; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; MAIN-BELT; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; MARS TROJANS; TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; PHASE-RELATIONS AB Olivine-dominated asteroids are a rare type of objects formed either in nebular processes or through magmatic differentiation. The analysis of meteorite samples suggest that at least 100 parent bodies in the main belt experienced partial or complete melting and differentiation before being disrupted. However, only a few olivine-dominated asteroids, representative of the mantle of disrupted differentiated bodies, are known to exist. Due to the paucity of these objects in the main belt their origin and evolution have been a matter of great debate over the years. In this work we present a detailed mineralogical analysis of twelve olivine-dominated asteroids. We have obtained near-infrared (NIR) spectra (0.7-2.4 mu m) of asteroids (246) Asporina, (289) Nenetta, (446) Aeternitas, (863) Benkoela, (4125) Lew Allen and (4490) Bamberry. Observations were conducted with the Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i. This sample was complemented with spectra of six other olivine-dominated asteroids including (354) Eleonora, (984) Gretia, (1951) Lick, (2501) Lohja, (3819) Robinson and (5261) Eureka obtained by previous workers. Within our sample we distinguish two classes, one that we call monomineralic-olivine asteroids, which are those whose spectra only exhibit the 1 mu m feature, and another referred to as olivine-rich asteroids, whose spectra exhibit the I pm feature and a weak (Band II depth similar to 4%) 2 mu m feature. For the monomineralic-olivine asteroids the olivine chemistry was found to range from similar to Fo(49) to Fo(70), consistent with the values measured for brachinites and R chondrites. In the case of the olivine-rich asteroids we determined their olivine and low-Ca pyroxene abundance using a new set of spectral calibrations derived from the analysis of R chondrites spectra. We found that the olivine abundance for these asteroids varies from 0.68 to 0.93, while the fraction of low-Ca pyroxene to total pyroxene ranges from 0.6 to 0.9. A search for dynamical connections between the olivine-dominated asteroids and asteroid families found no genetic link (of the type core-mantel-crust) between these objects. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sanchez, Juan A.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Reddy, Vishnu; Le Corre, Lucille] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Kelley, Michael S.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Cloutis, Edward A.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Geog, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Bottke, William F.; Nesvorny, David] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Bottke, William F.; Nesvorny, David] NASA, Lunar Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Lucas, Michael P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hardersen, Paul S.; Gaffey, Michael J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Space Studies, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Abell, Paul A.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Sanchez, JA (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Max Planck Str 2, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. EM sanchez@mps.mpg.de RI Hardersen, Paul/N-9343-2014; OI Hardersen, Paul/0000-0002-0440-9095; Reddy, Vishnu/0000-0002-7743-3491; Le Corre, Lucille/0000-0003-0349-7932 FU NASA [09-NEOO009-0001]; National Science Foundation [0506716, 0907766]; NASA 182 NEOO Program [NNX12AG12G]; NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics [NNX11AN84G] FX This paper is based on data obtained with the Infrared Telescope Facility on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i. Some of the data used in this work were obtained from the SMASS II and S3OS2. In addition, part of the data utilized in this publication were obtained and made available by the MIT-UH-IRTF Joint Campaign for NEO Reconnaissance. The IRTF is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement No. NCC 5-538 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Space Science, Planetary Astronomy Program. The MIT component of this work is supported by NASA Grant 09-NEOO009-0001, and by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 0506716 and 0907766. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NASA or the National Science Foundation. This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This publication also makes use of data products from NEOWISE, which is a project of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the Planetary Science Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors thank, John Hinrichs and Paul Lucey for providing us with data for this research. VR and MJG research was supported by NASA 182 NEOO Program Grant NNX12AG12G, and NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Grant NNX11AN84G. We thank the IRTF TAC for awarding time to this project, and to the IRTF TOs and MKSS staff for their support. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their useful comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. NR 82 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 228 BP 288 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.10.006 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 275HC UT WOS:000328665900021 ER PT J AU Norris, KJ Zhang, J Fryauf, DM Gibson, GA Barcelo, SJ Kobayashi, NP AF Norris, Kate J. Zhang, Junce Fryauf, David M. Gibson, Gary A. Barcelo, Steven J. Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. TI Nanoimprint lithography based selective area growth of indium phosphide nanopillar arrays on non-single-crystal templates SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; Nanostructures; Oxides; Semiconducting III-V materials ID NANOWIRE ARRAYS; INP NANOWIRES; COPOLYMER LITHOGRAPHY; QUANTUM DOTS; NANONEEDLES; SURFACES; EPITAXY AB Selective area growth (SAG) of single crystalline indium phosphide (InP) nanopillars was demonstrated on an array of template segments composed of a stack of gold and amorphous silicon. The template segments were patterned by UV nanoimprint lithography on a silicon substrate covered with a natural oxide, and the SAG was achieved by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Our SAG is different from conventional SAG in one critical aspect. In our SAG, growth of InP takes place selectively on a pre-defined array of template segments made of non-single crystal materials on a foreign substrate. The grown InP nanopillars were studied for their structural, chemical and optical properties. The new SAG process is not limited to the specific materials such as InP nanopillars and silicon substrate used in this demonstration; our approach enables flexible and scalable nanofabrication using industrially proven tools and a wide range of semiconductors on various non-semiconductor substrates. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Norris, Kate J.; Zhang, Junce; Fryauf, David M.; Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Norris, Kate J.; Zhang, Junce; Fryauf, David M.; Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NECTAR, Adv Studies Labs, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gibson, Gary A.; Barcelo, Steven J.] Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Norris, KJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM katejeannenorris@gmail.com RI Kobayashi, Nobuhiko/E-3834-2012 FU NASA SBIR [NNX11CE14P]; National Science Foundation [DGE-0809125]; Semiconductor Research Corporation CSR fund FX This work was supported by NASA SBIR NNX11CE14P, We would like to thank HP labs and the MACS facility (Moffett Field, California) at Advanced Studies Laboratories, University of California Santa Cruz, and NASA Ames Research Center for continuous support on analytical equipment. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant no. DGE-0809125. Support by Semiconductor Research Corporation CSR fund (Dr. Victor Zhirnov) is also highly appreciated. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 386 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2013.10.008 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 259WE UT WOS:000327556200019 ER PT J AU Hartwig, J Chato, D McQuillen, J AF Hartwig, Jason Chato, David McQuillen, John TI Screen channel LAD bubble point tests in liquid hydrogen SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Liquid hydrogen; Cryogenics; Propulsion; Liquid acquisition device; Surface tension; Bubble point ID SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SYSTEM AB This paper presents experimental results for the liquid hydrogen bubble point tests for liquid acquisition devices (LADs) operating in low gravity cryogenic propulsion systems. The purpose of the test was to investigate parameters that affect screen channel LAD performance in a low pressure liquid hydrogen (LH2) propellant tank and to demonstrate several ways to increase the LH2 bubble point pressure. Three fine mesh screen channel LAD samples were tested in LH2 over the range of 16.7 K < T < 21.1 K and 31.5 kPa < P < 155 kPa using gaseous helium and hydrogen as pressurant gases. Results show that bubble point pressure is affected by screen mesh type, liquid temperature and pressure, and type of pressurization gas. Higher bubble points are achieved by using a finer mesh screen and pressurizing and subcooling the liquid with gaseous helium. In addition, there is evidence that the screen pore is itself temperature dependent. Copyright (C) 2013, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hartwig, Jason; Chato, David; McQuillen, John] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Hartwig, J (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Jason.W.Hartwig@nasa.gov RI Chato, David/B-2698-2013 OI Chato, David/0000-0003-2990-0646 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 EI 1879-3487 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JAN 13 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 2 BP 853 EP 861 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.10.133 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA AA5RB UT WOS:000331156200024 ER PT J AU Han, JW Meyyappan, M AF Han, Jin-Woo Meyyappan, M. TI Sub-picowatt volatile memory cell based on double-barrier tunnel junction SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A bistable resistor as a volatile memory is proposed. A silicon island sandwiched with a double barrier oxide tunnel junction is used as storage node. The write operations are conducted by direct tunneling. The charges are localized on one side of the two silicon-oxide interfaces, and the position of the charge is interchanged upon the polarity of the applied voltages. The bistable data states are clearly identified and all operations are performed under a voltage below 1V and a current below 1 pA. The present device can be a promising candidate for ultra low-power capacitorless dynamic random access memory. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Han, Jin-Woo; Meyyappan, M.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Han, JW (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jin-woo.han@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 2 AR 022107 DI 10.1063/1.4862268 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 299YG UT WOS:000330431000055 ER PT J AU Lin, GP Yu, N AF Lin, Guoping Yu, Nan TI Continuous tuning of double resonance-enhanced second harmonic generation in a dispersive dielectric resonator SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID 4TH-HARMONIC GENERATION; CRYSTAL; NM AB We report a method for continuous tuning of ultraviolet (UV) radiation of second harmonic generation in a dispersive beta barium borate (BBO) whispering gallery mode resonator. The doubly resonant enhancement in a high quality factor resonator leads to high conversion efficiency but the resonator dispersion severely limits practical tuning range. By simultaneously varying the temperature of the resonator and the mechanical stress on the disk, we were able to experimentally demonstrate a continuous tuning range of 70 GHz of 317 nm laser light at 0.74%/mW conversion efficiency. The achieved tuning range is at least 35 times wider than that by either mechanical or temperature tuning alone. (C)2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Lin, Guoping; Yu, Nan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Yu, N (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM nan.yu@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lin, Guoping/I-3381-2015 OI Lin, Guoping/0000-0003-4007-1850 FU NASA Postdoctoral Program FX This work was performed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. We acknowledge discussions with Ivan S Grudinin and Lukas M Baumgartel. G. Lin acknowledges support from the NASA Postdoctoral Program, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU). NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 24 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 13 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 1 BP 557 EP 562 DI 10.1364/OE.22.000557 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 302CP UT WOS:000330579300078 PM 24515016 ER PT J AU Aliu, E Archambault, S Aune, T Behera, B Beilicke, M Benbow, W Berger, K Bird, R Bouvier, A Buckley, JH Bugaev, V Byrum, K Cerruti, M Chen, X Ciupik, L Connolly, MP Cui, W Duke, C Dumm, J Errando, M Falcone, A Federici, S Feng, Q Finley, JP Fortin, P Fortson, L Furniss, A Galante, N Gillanders, GH Griffin, S Griffiths, ST Grube, J Gyuk, G Hanna, D Holder, J Hughes, G Humensky, TB Kaaret, P Kertzman, M Khassen, Y Kieda, D Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ Madhavan, AS Maier, G Majumdar, P McCann, A Moriarty, P Mukherjee, R Nieto, D de Bhroithe, AO Ong, RA Otte, AN Park, N Perkins, JS Pohl, M Popkow, A Prokoph, H Quinn, J Ragan, K Rajotte, J Reyes, LC Reynolds, PT Richards, GT Roache, E Rousselle, J Sembroski, GH Sheidaei, F Skole, C Smith, AW Staszak, D Stroh, M Telezhinsky, I Theiling, M Tucci, JV Tyler, J Varlotta, A Vincent, S Wakely, SP Weinstein, A Welsing, R Williams, DA Zajczyk, A Zitzer, B Abramowski, A Aharonian, F Benkhali, FA Akhperjanian, AG Anguner, E Anton, G Balenderan, S Balzer, A Barnacka, A Becherini, Y Tjus, JB Bernlohr, K Birsin, E Bissaldi, E Biteau, J Bottcher, M Boisson, C Bolmont, J Bordas, P Brucker, J Brun, F Brun, P Bulik, T Carrigan, S Casanova, S Cerruti, M Chadwick, PM Chalme-Calvet, R Chaves, RCG Cheesebrough, A Chretien, M Colafrancesco, S Cologna, G Conrad, J Couturier, C Dalton, M Daniel, MK Davids, ID Degrange, B Deil, C deWilt, P Dickinson, HJ Djannati-Atai, A Domainko, W Drury, LO Dubus, G Dutson, K Dyks, J Dyrda, M Edwards, T Egberts, K Eger, P Espigat, P Farnier, C Fegan, S Feinstein, F Fernandes, MV Fernandez, D Fiasson, A Fontaine, G Forster, A Fussling, M Gajdus, M Gallant, YA Garrigoux, T Giavitto, G Giebels, B Glicenstein, JF Grondin, MH Grudzinska, M Haffner, S Hahn, J Harris, J Heinzelmann, G Henri, G Hermann, G Hervet, O Hillert, A Hinton, JA Hofmann, W Hofverberg, P Holler, M Horns, D Jacholkowska, A Jahn, C Jamrozy, M Janiak, M Jankowsky, F Jung, I Kastendieck, MA Katarzynski, K Katz, U Kaufmann, S Khelifi, B Kieffer, M Klepser, S Klochkov, D Kluzniak, W Kneiske, T Kolitzus, D Komin, N Kosack, K Krakau, S Krayzel, F Kruger, PP Laffon, H Lamanna, G Lefaucheur, J Lemiere, A Lemoine-Goumard, M Lenain, JP Lennarz, D Lohse, T Lopatin, A Lu, CC Marandon, V Marcowith, A Marx, R Maurin, G Maxted, N Mayer, M McComb, TJL Mehault, J Menzler, U Meyer, M Moderski, R Mohamed, M Moulin, E Murach, T Naumann, CL de Naurois, M Niemiec, J Nolan, SJ Oakes, L Ohm, S Wilhelmi, ED Opitz, B Ostrowski, M Oya, I Panter, M Parsons, RD Arribas, MP Pekeur, NW Pelletier, G Perez, J Petrucci, PO Peyaud, B Pita, S Poon, H Puhlhofer, G Punch, M Quirrenbach, A Raab, S Raue, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Renaud, M de los Reyes, R Rieger, F Rob, L Romoli, C Rosier-Lees, S Rowell, G Rudak, B Rulten, CB Sahakian, V Sanchez, DA Santangelo, A Schlickeiser, R Schussler, F Schulz, A Schwanke, U Schwarzburg, S Schwemmer, S Sol, H Spengler, G Spies, F Stawarz, L Steenkamp, R Stegmann, C Stinzing, F Stycz, K Sushch, I Szostek, A Tavernet, JP Tavernier, T Taylor, AM Terrier, R Tluczykont, M Trichard, C Valerius, K van Eldik, C Vasileiadis, G Venter, C Viana, A Vincent, P Volk, HJ Volpe, F Vorster, M Wagner, SJ Wagner, P Ward, M Weidinger, M Weitzel, Q White, R Wierzcholska, A Willmann, P Wornlein, A Wouters, D Zacharias, M Zajczyk, A Zdziarski, AA Zech, A Zechlin, HS AF Aliu, E. Archambault, S. Aune, T. Behera, B. Beilicke, M. Benbow, W. Berger, K. Bird, R. Bouvier, A. Buckley, J. H. Bugaev, V. Byrum, K. Cerruti, M. Chen, X. Ciupik, L. Connolly, M. P. Cui, W. Duke, C. Dumm, J. Errando, M. Falcone, A. Federici, S. Feng, Q. Finley, J. P. Fortin, P. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Galante, N. Gillanders, G. H. Griffin, S. Griffiths, S. T. Grube, J. Gyuk, G. Hanna, D. Holder, J. Hughes, G. Humensky, T. B. Kaaret, P. Kertzman, M. Khassen, Y. Kieda, D. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. Madhavan, A. S. Maier, G. Majumdar, P. McCann, A. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Nieto, D. de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain Ong, R. A. Otte, A. N. Park, N. Perkins, J. S. Pohl, M. Popkow, A. Prokoph, H. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Rajotte, J. Reyes, L. C. Reynolds, P. T. Richards, G. T. Roache, E. Rousselle, J. Sembroski, G. H. Sheidaei, F. Skole, C. Smith, A. W. Staszak, D. Stroh, M. Telezhinsky, I. Theiling, M. Tucci, J. V. Tyler, J. Varlotta, A. Vincent, S. Wakely, S. P. Weinstein, A. Welsing, R. Williams, D. A. Zajczyk, A. Zitzer, B. Abramowski, A. Aharonian, F. Benkhali, F. Ait Akhperjanian, A. G. Anguener, E. Anton, G. Balenderan, S. Balzer, A. Barnacka, A. Becherini, Y. Tjus, J. Becker Bernloehr, K. Birsin, E. Bissaldi, E. Biteau, J. Boettcher, M. Boisson, C. Bolmont, J. Bordas, P. Brucker, J. Brun, F. Brun, P. Bulik, T. Carrigan, S. Casanova, S. Cerruti, M. Chadwick, P. M. Chalme-Calvet, R. Chaves, R. C. G. Cheesebrough, A. Chretien, M. Colafrancesco, S. Cologna, G. Conrad, J. Couturier, C. Dalton, M. Daniel, M. K. Davids, I. D. Degrange, B. Deil, C. deWilt, P. Dickinson, H. J. Djannati-Atai, A. Domainko, W. Drury, L. O'C. Dubus, G. Dutson, K. Dyks, J. Dyrda, M. Edwards, T. Egberts, K. Eger, P. Espigat, P. Farnier, C. Fegan, S. Feinstein, F. Fernandes, M. V. Fernandez, D. Fiasson, A. Fontaine, G. Foerster, A. Fuessling, M. Gajdus, M. Gallant, Y. A. Garrigoux, T. Giavitto, G. Giebels, B. Glicenstein, J. F. Grondin, M. -H. Grudzinska, M. Haeffner, S. Hahn, J. Harris, J. 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Raue, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Renaud, M. de los Reyes, R. Rieger, F. Rob, L. Romoli, C. Rosier-Lees, S. Rowell, G. Rudak, B. Rulten, C. B. Sahakian, V. Sanchez, D. A. Santangelo, A. Schlickeiser, R. Schuessler, F. Schulz, A. Schwanke, U. Schwarzburg, S. Schwemmer, S. Sol, H. Spengler, G. Spies, F. Stawarz, L. Steenkamp, R. Stegmann, C. Stinzing, F. Stycz, K. Sushch, I. Szostek, A. Tavernet, J. -P. Tavernier, T. Taylor, A. M. Terrier, R. Tluczykont, M. Trichard, C. Valerius, K. van Eldik, C. Vasileiadis, G. Venter, C. Viana, A. Vincent, P. Voelk, H. J. Volpe, F. Vorster, M. Wagner, S. J. Wagner, P. Ward, M. Weidinger, M. Weitzel, Q. White, R. Wierzcholska, A. Willmann, P. Woernlein, A. Wouters, D. Zacharias, M. Zajczyk, A. Zdziarski, A. A. Zech, A. Zechlin, H. -S. CA VERITAS Collaboration HESS Collaboration TI LONG-TERM TeV AND X-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF THE GAMMA- RAY BINARY HESS J0632+057 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; binaries: general; gamma rays: general(HESS J0632+057, VER J0633+057) ID LS-I +61-DEGREES-303; VERITAS OBSERVATIONS; I+61 303; EMISSION; I+61-DEGREES-303; VARIABILITY; DISCOVERY; WINDS; TELESCOPE; CATALOG AB HESS J0632+057 is the only gamma-ray binary known so far whose position in the sky allows observations with ground-based observatories in both the northern and southern hemispheres. Here we report on long-term observations of HESS J0632+057 conducted with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System and High Energy Stereoscopic System Cherenkov telescopes and the X-ray satellite Swift, spanning a time range from 2004 to 2012 and covering most of the system's orbit. The very-high-energy (VHE) emission is found to be variable and is correlated with that at X-ray energies. An orbital period of 315(-4)(+6) days is derived from the X-ray data set, which is compatible with previous results, P = (321 +/- 5) days. The VHE light curve shows a distinct maximum at orbital phases close to 0.3, or about 100 days after periastron passage, which coincides with the periodic enhancement of the X-ray emission. Furthermore, the analysis of the TeV data shows for the first time a statistically significant (> 6.5 sigma) detection at orbital phases 0.6-0.9. The obtained gamma-ray and X-ray light curves and the correlation of the source emission at these two energy bands are discussed in the context of the recent ephemeris obtained for the system. Our results are compared to those reported for other gamma-ray binaries. C1 [Aliu, E.; Errando, M.; Mukherjee, R.] Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. 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[deWilt, P.; Maxted, N.; Rowell, G.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Djannati-Atai, A.; Espigat, P.; Lefaucheur, J.; Lemiere, A.; Pita, S.; Punch, M.; Tavernier, T.] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, APC,CNRS,IN2P3,CEA Irfu, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Dubus, G.; Henri, G.; Pelletier, G.; Petrucci, P. -O.] UJF Grenoble 1 CNRS INSU, Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble IPAG UMR 5274, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Dutson, K.; Hinton, J. A.; Ohm, S.; White, R.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Dyrda, M.] Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Zajczyk, A.; Feinstein, F.; Fernandez, D.; Niemiec, J.; Poon, H.; Renaud, M.; Vasileiadis, G.] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. [Fiasson, A.; Komin, Nu.; Krayzel, F.; Lamanna, G.; Maurin, G.; Trichard, C.] Univ Savoie, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Jamrozy, M.; Stawarz, L.; Szostek, A.; Wierzcholska, A.] Uniwersytet Jagiellonian, Obserwatorium Astron, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Katarzynski, K.] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Torun Ctr Astron, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Ohm, S.; Ostrowski, M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Rob, L.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, CR-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. RP Aliu, E (reprint author), Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM afalcone@astro.psu.edu; gernot.maier@desy.de; pol.bordas@uni-tuebingen.de RI Tjus, Julia/G-8145-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Casanova, Sabrina/J-8935-2013; Anton, Gisela/C-4840-2013; Khassen, Yerbol/I-3806-2015; Fontaine, Gerard/D-6420-2014; van Eldik, Christopher/C-3901-2013; Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Schussler, Fabian/G-5313-2013; Katarzynski, Krzysztof/G-4528-2014; Jamrozy, Marek/F-4507-2015; Komin, Nukri/J-6781-2015; Nieto, Daniel/J-7250-2015; Meyer, Manuel/E-2697-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Drury, Luke/B-1916-2017; Moulin, Emmanuel/B-5959-2017; Daniel, Michael/A-2903-2010 OI Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Casanova, Sabrina/0000-0002-6144-9122; Anton, Gisela/0000-0003-2039-4724; Khassen, Yerbol/0000-0002-7296-3100; van Eldik, Christopher/0000-0001-9669-645X; Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Schussler, Fabian/0000-0003-1500-6571; Oya, Igor/0000-0002-3881-9324; de Ona Wilhelmi, Emma/0000-0002-5401-0744; Rowell, Gavin/0000-0002-9516-1581; Lenain, Jean-Philippe/0000-0001-7284-9220; de los Reyes Lopez, Raquel/0000-0003-0485-9552; Kruger, Paulus/0000-0003-0664-8521; Komin, Nukri/0000-0003-3280-0582; Errando, Manel/0000-0002-1853-863X; Maxted, Nigel/0000-0003-2762-8378; Punch, Michael/0000-0002-4710-2165; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201; Bird, Ralph/0000-0002-4596-8563; Sushch, Iurii/0000-0002-2814-1257; Bordas, Pol/0000-0002-0266-8536; Nieto, Daniel/0000-0003-3343-0755; Meyer, Manuel/0000-0002-0738-7581; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Drury, Luke/0000-0002-9257-2270; Moulin, Emmanuel/0000-0003-4007-0145; Chadwick, Paula/0000-0002-1468-2685; Kneiske, Tanja M./0000-0002-3210-6200; mohamed, mahmoud/0000-0002-4625-6242; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Daniel, Michael/0000-0002-8053-7910 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; U.S. National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; NSERC in Canada; Science Foundation Ireland [SFI 10/RFP/AST2748]; STFC in the U.K; Helmholtz Association; European Community [ERC-StG-259391]; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF); Max Planck Society; French Ministry for Research; CNRS-IN2P3; Astroparticle Interdisciplinary Programme of the CNRS; U.K. Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC); IPNP of the Charles University; South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation; University of Namibia FX This research is supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Smithsonian Institution, by NSERC in Canada, by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI 10/RFP/AST2748) and by STFC in the U.K. We acknowledge the excellent work of the technical support staff at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory and at the collaborating institutions in the construction and operation of the instrument. G.M. acknowledges support through the Young Investigators Program of the Helmholtz Association. M.D. is funded by contract ERC-StG-259391 from the European Community.; The support of the Namibian authorities and of the University of Namibia in facilitating the construction and operation of H.E.S.S. is gratefully acknowledged, as is the support by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), the Max Planck Society, the French Ministry for Research, the CNRS-IN2P3 and the Astroparticle Interdisciplinary Programme of the CNRS, the U.K. Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC), the IPNP of the Charles University, the South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation, and by the University of Namibia. We appreciate the excellent work of the technical support staff in Berlin, Durham, Hamburg, Heidelberg, Palaiseau, Paris, Saclay, and in Namibia in the construction and operation of the H.E.S.S. equipment. NR 82 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 2 AR 168 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/168 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281JL UT WOS:000329097100055 ER PT J AU de Putter, R Dore, O Das, S AF de Putter, Roland Dore, Olivier Das, Sudeep TI USING CROSS CORRELATIONS TO CALIBRATE LENSING SOURCE REDSHIFT DISTRIBUTIONS: IMPROVING COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS FROM UPCOMING WEAK LENSING SURVEYS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters; cosmology: observations; dark energy; galaxies: photometry; gravitational lensing: weak; large-scale structure of universe ID PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFT; COSMIC SHEAR; TOMOGRAPHY; ERRORS; REQUIREMENTS; GALAXIES; IMPACT AB Cross correlations between the galaxy number density in a lensing source sample and that in an overlapping spectroscopic sample can in principle be used to calibrate the lensing source redshift distribution. In this paper, we study in detail to what extent this cross-correlation method can mitigate the loss of cosmological information in upcoming weak lensing surveys (combined with a cosmic microwave background prior) due to lack of knowledge of the source distribution. We consider a scenario where photometric redshifts are available and find that, unless the photometric redshift distribution p(z(ph)vertical bar z) is calibrated very accurately a priori (bias and scatter known to similar to 0.002 for, e.g., EUCLID), the additional constraint on p(z(ph)vertical bar z) from the cross-correlation technique to a large extent restores the cosmological information originally lost due to the uncertainty in dn/dz(z). Considering only the gain in photo-z accuracy and not the additional cosmological information, enhancements of the dark energy figure of merit of up to a factor of four (40) can be achieved for a SuMIRe-like (EUCLID-like) combination of lensing and redshift surveys, where SuMIRe stands for Subaru Measurement of Images and Redshifts). However, the success of the method is strongly sensitive to our knowledge of the galaxy bias evolution in the source sample and we find that a percent level bias prior is needed to optimize the gains from the cross-correlation method (i.e., to approach the cosmology constraints attainable if the bias was known exactly). C1 [de Putter, Roland; Dore, Olivier] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [de Putter, Roland; Dore, Olivier] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Das, Sudeep] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP de Putter, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU NASA ATP grant [11-ATP-090] FX The authors thank Carlos Cunha, Patrick MacDonald, Jeffrey Newman, David Schlegel, David Spergel, and Masahiro Takada for useful discussions. Part of the research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work is supported by NASA ATP grant 11-ATP-090. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 2 AR 185 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/185 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281JL UT WOS:000329097100072 ER PT J AU Furst, F Pottschmidt, K Wilms, J Tomsick, JA Bachetti, M Boggs, SE Christensen, FE Craig, WW Grefenstette, BW Hailey, CJ Harrison, F Madsen, KK Miller, JM Stern, D Walton, DJ Zhang, W AF Fuerst, Felix Pottschmidt, Katja Wilms, Joern Tomsick, John A. Bachetti, Matteo Boggs, Steven E. Christensen, Finn E. Craig, William W. Grefenstette, Brian W. Hailey, Charles J. Harrison, Fiona Madsen, Kristin K. Miller, Jon M. Stern, Daniel Walton, Dominic J. Zhang, William TI NuSTAR DISCOVERY OF A LUMINOSITY DEPENDENT CYCLOTRON LINE ENERGY IN VELA X-1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; radiation: dynamics; stars: neutron; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: individual (Vela X-1) ID X-RAY BINARIES; SPECTROSCOPIC-TELESCOPE-ARRAY; HOT-STAR WINDS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; NEUTRON-STAR; RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; 2004-2005 OUTBURST; ACCRETING PULSARS; TIMING-EXPLORER; STELLAR WINDS AB We present NuSTAR observations of Vela X-1, a persistent, yet highly variable, neutron star high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB). Two observations were taken at similar orbital phases but separated by nearly a year. They show very different 3-79 keV flux levels as well as strong variability during each observation, covering almost one order of magnitude in flux. These observations allow, for the first time ever, investigations on kilo-second time-scales of how the centroid energies of cyclotron resonant scattering features (CRSFs) depend on flux for a persistent HMXB. We find that the line energy of the harmonic CRSF is correlated with flux, as expected in the sub-critical accretion regime. We argue that Vela X-1 has a very narrow accretion column with a radius of around 0.4 km that sustains a Coulomb interaction dominated shock at the observed luminosities of L-x similar to 3 x 10(36) erg s(-1). Besides the prominent harmonic line at 55 keV the fundamental line around 25 keV is clearly detected. We find that the strengths of the two CRSFs are anti-correlated, which we explain by photon spawning. This anti-correlation is a possible explanation for the debate about the existence of the fundamental line. The ratio of the line energies is variable with time and deviates significantly from 2.0, also a possible consequence of photon spawning, which changes the shape of the line. During the second observation, Vela X-1 showed a short off-state in which the power-law softened and a cut-off was no longer measurable. It is likely that the source switched to a different accretion regime at these low mass accretion rates, explaining the drastic change in spectral shape. C1 [Fuerst, Felix; Grefenstette, Brian W.; Harrison, Fiona; Madsen, Kristin K.; Walton, Dominic J.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Pottschmidt, Katja] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Pottschmidt, Katja] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pottschmidt, Katja; Zhang, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wilms, Joern] Dr Karl Remeis Sternwarte, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Wilms, Joern] ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Tomsick, John A.; Boggs, Steven E.; Craig, William W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bachetti, Matteo] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Bachetti, Matteo] CNRS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Christensen, Finn E.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Craig, William W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hailey, Charles J.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Stern, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Furst, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Wilms, Joern/C-8116-2013; Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015; OI Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410; Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224; Bachetti, Matteo/0000-0002-4576-9337; Madsen, Kristin/0000-0003-1252-4891 FU NASA [NNG08FD60C]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA Astrophysics Data Analysis Program [NNX13AE98G]; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) FX This work was supported under NASA Contract No. NNG08FD60C, and made use of data from the NuSTAR mission, a project led by the California Institute of Technology, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank the NuSTAR Operations, Software and Calibration teams for support with the execution and analysis of these observations. This research has made use of the NuSTAR Data Analysis Software (NuSTARDAS) jointly developed by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC, Italy) and the California Institute of Technology (USA). We would like to thank John E. Davis for the slxfig module, which was used to produce all figures in this work. We would like to thank Fritz Schwarm for the helpful discussions about cyclotron line shapes. J.A.T. acknowledges partial support from NASA Astrophysics Data Analysis Program grant NNX13AE98G. M. B. was supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). We would like to thank the anonymous referee for the useful comments. NR 67 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 2 AR 133 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/133 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281JL UT WOS:000329097100020 ER PT J AU Fukumura, K Tombesi, F Kazanas, D Shrader, C Behar, E Contopoulos, I AF Fukumura, Keigo Tombesi, Francesco Kazanas, Demosthenes Shrader, Chris Behar, Ehud Contopoulos, Ioannis TI STRATIFIED MAGNETICALLY DRIVEN ACCRETION-DISK WINDS AND THEIR RELATIONS TO JETS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; galaxies: active; quasars: absorption lines; X-rays: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; MHD OUTFLOW SOLUTIONS; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; UNIFIED MODEL; MASS OUTFLOWS; 3C 111; SIMULATIONS; COLLIMATION; ABSORBERS; GALAXIES AB We explore the poloidal structure of two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) winds in relation to their potential association with the X-ray warm absorbers (WAs) and the highly ionized ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), in a single unifying approach. We present the density n(r, theta), ionization parameter xi (r, theta), and velocity structure upsilon(r, theta) of such ionized winds for typical values of their fluid-to-magnetic flux ratio, F, and specific angular momentum, H, for which wind solutions become super-Alfvenic. We explore the geometrical shape of winds for different values of these parameters and delineate the values that produce the widest and narrowest opening angles of these winds, quantities necessary in the determination of the statistics of AGN obscuration. We find that winds with smaller H show a poloidal geometry of narrower opening angles with their Alfven surface at lower inclination angles and therefore they produce the highest line of sight (LoS) velocities for observers at higher latitudes with the respect to the disk plane. We further note a physical and spatial correlation between the X-ray WAs and UFOs that form along the same LoS to the observer but at different radii, r, and distinct values of n, xi, and upsilon consistent with the latest spectroscopic data of radio-quiet Seyfert galaxies. We also show that, at least in the case of 3C 111, the winds' pressure is sufficient to contain the relativistic plasma responsible for its radio emission. Stratified MHD disk winds could therefore serve as a unique means to understand and unify the diverse AGN outflows. C1 [Fukumura, Keigo] Univ Maryland, Baltimore Cty UMBC CRESST, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Fukumura, Keigo; Tombesi, Francesco; Kazanas, Demosthenes; Shrader, Chris] NASA, Astrophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tombesi, Francesco] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shrader, Chris] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Behar, Ehud] Technion, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Contopoulos, Ioannis] Acad Athens, Res Ctr Astron, Athens 11527, Greece. RP Fukumura, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Baltimore Cty UMBC CRESST, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM fukumukx@jmu.edu FU Israel Science Foundation; Israel's Ministry of Science and Technology FX K.F. thanks an anonymous referee for improving the manuscript and M. Nakamura for his inspiring comments on the draft manuscript. E. B. is supported by grants from the Israel Science Foundation and from Israel's Ministry of Science and Technology. NR 62 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 2 AR 120 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/120 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281JL UT WOS:000329097100007 ER PT J AU Guyon, O Hinz, PM Cady, E Belikov, R Martinache, F AF Guyon, Olivier Hinz, Philip M. Cady, Eric Belikov, Ruslan Martinache, Frantz TI HIGH PERFORMANCE LYOT AND PIAA CORONAGRAPHY FOR ARBITRARILY SHAPED TELESCOPE APERTURES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: detection; techniques: high angular resolution; telescopes ID NULLING STELLAR CORONAGRAPH; PHASE MASK CORONAGRAPH; PUPIL; PLANETS; APODIZATION AB Two high-performance coronagraphic approaches compatible with segmented and obstructed telescope pupils are described. Both concepts use entrance pupil amplitude apodization and a combined phase and amplitude focal plane mask to achieve full coronagraphic extinction of an on-axis point source. While the first concept, called Apodized Pupil Complex Mask Lyot Coronagraph (APCMLC), relies on a transmission mask to perform the pupil apodization, the second concept, called Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization complex mask coronagraph (PIAACMC), uses beam remapping for lossless apodization. Both concepts theoretically offer complete coronagraphic extinction (infinite contrast) of a point source in monochromatic light, with high throughput and sub-lambda/D inner working angle, regardless of aperture shape. The PIAACMC offers nearly 100% throughput and approaches the fundamental coronagraph performance limit imposed by first principles. The steps toward designing the coronagraphs for arbitrary apertures are described for monochromatic light. Designs for the APCMLC and the higher performance PIAACMC are shown for several monolith and segmented apertures, such as the apertures of the Subaru Telescope, Giant Magellan Telescope, Thirty Meter Telescope, the European Extremely Large Telescope, and the Large Binocular Telescope. Performance in broadband light is also quantified, suggesting that the monochromatic designs are suitable for use in up to 20% wide spectral bands for ground-based telescopes. C1 [Guyon, Olivier; Hinz, Philip M.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Guyon, Olivier; Martinache, Frantz] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Cady, Eric] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Belikov, Ruslan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Guyon, O (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM guyon@naoj.org NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 2 AR 171 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/171 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281JL UT WOS:000329097100058 ER PT J AU Kallman, T Evans, DA Marshall, H Canizares, C Longinotti, A Nowak, M Schulz, N AF Kallman, T. Evans, Daniel A. Marshall, H. Canizares, C. Longinotti, A. Nowak, M. Schulz, N. TI A CENSUS OF X-RAY GAS IN NGC 1068: RESULTS FROM 450 ks of CHANDRA HIGH ENERGY TRANSMISSION GRATING OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: Seyfert; X-rays: galaxies ID NARROW-LINE REGION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; ATOMIC DECAY DATA; RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; FE-XVII; SHELL PHOTOIONIZATION; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; VACANCY STATES; AUGER DECAY AB We present models for the X-ray spectrum of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068. These are fitted to data obtained using the High Energy Transmission Grating on Chandra. The data show line and radiative recombination continuum emission from a broad range of ions and elements. The models explore the importance of excitation processes for these lines including photoionization followed by recombination, radiative excitation by absorption of continuum radiation, and inner shell fluorescence. The models show that the relative importance of these processes depends on the conditions in the emitting gas and that no single emitting component can fit the entire spectrum. In particular, the relative importance of radiative excitation and photoionization/recombination differs according to the element and ion stage emitting the line. This in turn implies a diversity of values for the ionization parameter of the various components of gas responsible for the emission, ranging from log(xi) = 1 to 3. Using this, we obtain an estimate for the total amount of gas responsible for the observed emission. The mass flux through the region included in the HETG extraction region is approximately 0.3 M-circle dot yr(-1), assuming ordered flow at the speed characterizing the line widths. This can be compared with what is known about this object from other techniques. C1 [Kallman, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Evans, Daniel A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Marshall, H.; Canizares, C.; Nowak, M.; Schulz, N.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Longinotti, A.] ESA, European Space Astron Ctr, E-28691 Madrid, Spain. RP Kallman, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 2 AR 121 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/121 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281JL UT WOS:000329097100008 ER PT J AU Kaplan, DL Marsh, TR Walker, AN Bildsten, L Bours, MCP Breedt, E Copperwheat, CM Dhillon, VS Howell, SB Littlefair, SP Shporer, A Steinfadt, JDR AF Kaplan, David L. Marsh, Thomas R. Walker, Arielle N. Bildsten, Lars Bours, Madelon C. P. Breedt, Elme Copperwheat, Chris M. Dhillon, Vik S. Howell, Steve B. Littlefair, Stuart P. Shporer, Avi Steinfadt, Justin D. R. TI PROPERTIES OF AN ECLIPSING DOUBLE WHITE DWARF BINARY NLTT 11748 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: eclipsing; stars: individual (NLTT 11748); techniques: photometric; white dwarfs ID DOUBLE DEGENERATE SYSTEM; STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS MESA; OR-EQUAL-TO; LIGHT CURVES; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; MILLISECOND PULSARS; HELIUM; STARS; EVOLUTION; PLANETS AB We present high-quality ULTRACAM photometry of the eclipsing detached double white dwarf binary NLTT 11748. This system consists of a carbon/oxygen white dwarf and an extremely low mass (<0.2 M-circle dot) helium-core white dwarf in a 5.6 hr orbit. To date, such extremely low-mass white dwarfs, which can have thin, stably burning outer layers, have been modeled via poorly constrained atmosphere and cooling calculations where uncertainties in the detailed structure can strongly influence the eventual fates of these systems when mass transfer begins. With precise (individual precision approximate to 1%), high-cadence (approximate to 2 s), multicolor photometry of multiple primary and secondary eclipses spanning >1.5 yr, we constrain the masses and radii of both objects in the NLTT 11748 system to a statistical uncertainty of a few percent. However, we find that overall uncertainty in the thickness of the envelope of the secondary carbon/oxygen white dwarf leads to a larger (approximate to 13%) systematic uncertainty in the primary He WD's mass. Over the full range of possible envelope thicknesses, we find that our primary mass (0.136-0.162M(circle dot)) and surface gravity (log(g) = 6.32-6.38; radii are 0.0423-0.0433 R-circle dot) constraints do not agree with previous spectroscopic determinations. We use precise eclipse timing to detect the Romer delay at 7 sigma significance, providing an additional weak constraint on the masses and limiting the eccentricity to e cos omega = (-4 +/- 5) x 10(-5). Finally, we use multicolor data to constrain the secondary's effective temperature (7600 +/- 120 K) and cooling age (1.6-1.7 Gyr). C1 [Kaplan, David L.; Walker, Arielle N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Marsh, Thomas R.; Bours, Madelon C. P.; Breedt, Elme] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Bildsten, Lars] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Bildsten, Lars; Steinfadt, Justin D. R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Copperwheat, Chris M.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Liverpool L3 5RF, Merseyside, England. [Dhillon, Vik S.; Littlefair, Stuart P.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. [Howell, Steve B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Shporer, Avi] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kaplan, DL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM kaplan@uwm.edu OI Littlefair, Stuart/0000-0001-7221-855X; Copperwheat, Christopher/0000-0001-7983-8698 FU National Science Foundation [PHY 11-25915, AST 11-09174]; UK's Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/F002599/1]; STFC; University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Office of Undergraduate Research FX We thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grants PHY 11-25915 and AST 11-09174. T. R. M. was supported under a grant from the UK's Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), ST/F002599/1. V. S. D., S. P. L., and ULTRACAM were supported by the STFC. A.N.W. was supported by the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Office of Undergraduate Research. We thank the staff of Gemini for assisting in planning and executing these demanding observations. We thank D. Foreman-Mackey for help using emcee and L. Althaus for supplying evolutionary models. Based on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States); the National Research Council (Canada); CONICYT (Chile); the Australian Research Council (Australia); Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, e Inovacao (Brazil); and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia, e Innovacion Productiva (Argentina). NR 62 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 2 AR 167 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/167 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281JL UT WOS:000329097100054 ER PT J AU Katsuda, S Maeda, K Nozawa, T Pooley, D Immler, S AF Katsuda, Satoru Maeda, Keiichi Nozawa, Takaya Pooley, David Immler, Stefan TI SN 2005ip: A LUMINOUS TYPE IIn SUPERNOVA EMERGING FROM A DENSE CIRCUMSTELLAR MEDIUM AS REVEALED BY X-RAY OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; supernovae: general; supernovae: individual (SN 2005ip); X-rays: general ID LIGHT CURVES; EMISSION; 1993J; CONDENSATION; ABSORPTION; 2006JD; EJECTA; RADIO; STAR AB We report on the X-ray spectral evolution of the nearby Type IIn supernova (SN) 2005ip based on Chandra and Swift observations covering similar to 1-6 yr after explosion. X-ray spectra in all epochs are well fitted by a thermal emission model with kT greater than or similar to 7 keV. The somewhat high temperature suggests that the X-ray emission mainly arises from the circumstellar medium (CSM) heated by the forward shock. We find that the spectra taken two to three years after the explosion are heavily absorbed (N-H similar to 5 x 10(22) cm(-2)), but the absorption gradually decreases to the level of the Galactic absorption (N-H similar to 4 x 10(20) cm(-2)) at the final epoch. This indicates that the SN went off in a dense CSM and that the forward shock has overtaken it. The intrinsic X-ray luminosity stays constant until the final epoch, when it drops by a factor of similar to 2. The intrinsic 0.2-10 keV luminosity during the plateau phase is measured to be similar to 1.5 x 10(41) erg s(-1), ranking SN 2005ip as one of the brightest X-ray SNe. Based on the column density, we derive a lower limit of a mass-loss rate to be (M) over dot similar to 1.5 x 10(-2) (V-w/100 km s(-1)) M-circle dot yr(-1), which roughly agrees with that inferred from the X-ray luminosity, (M) over dot similar to 2 x 10(-2) (V-w/100 km s(-1)) M-circle dot yr(-1), where V-w is the circumstellar wind speed. Such a high mass-loss rate suggests that the progenitor star had eruptive mass ejections similar to a luminous blue variable star. The total mass ejected in the eruptive period is estimated to be similar to 15 M-circle dot, indicating that the progenitor mass is greater than or similar to 25 M-circle dot. C1 [Katsuda, Satoru] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Nishina Ctr, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Maeda, Keiichi] Kyoto Univ, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Maeda, Keiichi; Nozawa, Takaya] Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Univ WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Pooley, David] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Phys, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. [Pooley, David] Eureka Sci Inc, Oakland, CA 94602 USA. [Immler, Stefan] NASA, Astrophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Immler, Stefan] NASA, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Immler, Stefan] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Katsuda, S (reprint author), RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Nishina Ctr, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. FU Special Postdoctoral Researchers Program in RIKEN; World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative), MEXT, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [22684004, 23224004]; [25800119]; [23740141] FX We are grateful to Drs. Jonathan Mackey and Takashi Moriya for kindly pointing out a correction to Figure 3 prior to publication. S.K. is supported by the Special Postdoctoral Researchers Program in RIKEN. The work by K.M. and T.N. is supported by World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative), MEXT, Japan. S.K. and K.M. are supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research for Young Scientists (25800119, 23740141). T.N. has been supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22684004, 23224004). NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 2 AR 184 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/184 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281JL UT WOS:000329097100071 ER PT J AU Ly, C Malkan, MA Nagao, T Kashikawa, N Shimasaku, K Hayashi, M AF Ly, Chun Malkan, Matthew A. Nagao, Tohru Kashikawa, Nobunari Shimasaku, Kazuhiro Hayashi, Masao TI "DIRECT" GAS-PHASE METALLICITIES, STELLAR PROPERTIES, AND LOCAL ENVIRONMENTS OF EMISSION-LINE GALAXIES AT REDSHIFTS BELOW 0.90 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: abundances; galaxies: distances and redshifts; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: photometry; galaxies: starburst ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SUBARU DEEP FIELD; ALPHA LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; METAL-POOR GALAXIES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; FIBER-FED SPECTROGRAPH; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; GOODS-NORTH FIELD AB Using deep narrow-band (NB) imaging and optical spectroscopy from the Keck telescope and MMT, we identify a sample of 20 emission-line galaxies at z = 0.065-0.90 where the weak auroral emission line, [O III] lambda 4363, is detected at >= 3 sigma. These detections allow us to determine the gas-phase metallicity using the "direct" method. With electron temperature measurements, and dust attenuation corrections from Balmer decrements, we find that four of these low-mass galaxies are extremely metal-poor with 12 + log(O/H) <= 7.65 or one-tenth solar. Our most metal-deficient galaxy has 12 + log(O/H) = 7.24(-0.30)(+0.45) (95% confidence), similar to some of the lowest metallicity galaxies identified in the local universe. We find that our galaxies are all undergoing significant star formation with average specific star formation rate (SFR) of (100 Myr)(-1), and that they have high central SFR surface densities (average of 0.5 M-circle dot yr(-1) kpc(-2)). In addition, more than two-thirds of our galaxies have between one and four nearby companions within a projected radius of 100 kpc, which we find is an excess among star-forming galaxies at z = 0.4-0.85. We also find that the gas-phase metallicities for a given stellar mass and SFR lie systematically lower than the local M-star-Z-(SFR) relation by approximate to 0.2 dex (2 sigma significance). These results are partly due to selection effects, since galaxies with strong star formation and low metallicity are more likely to yield [O III] lambda 4363 detections. Finally, the observed higher ionization parameter and high electron density suggest that they are lower redshift analogs to typical z greater than or similar to 1 galaxies. C1 [Ly, Chun] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Malkan, Matthew A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Nagao, Tohru] Ehime Univ, Res Ctr Space & Cosm Evolut, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan. [Nagao, Tohru] Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Project, Kyoto, Japan. [Nagao, Tohru] Kyoto Univ, Dept Astron, Kyoto, Japan. [Kashikawa, Nobunari; Hayashi, Masao] Natl Astron Observ, Div Opt & Infrared Astron, Mitaka, Tokyo 181, Japan. [Kashikawa, Nobunari] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan. [Shimasaku, Kazuhiro] Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Shimasaku, Kazuhiro] Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo, Japan. RP Ly, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM chun.ly@nasa.gov OI Ly, Chun/0000-0002-4245-2318 FU W. M. Keck Foundation; NSF; NASA; Giacconi Fellowship program; JSPS [23654068, 25707010]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [23340050] FX The DEIMOS data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. Hectospec observations reported here were obtained at the MMT Observatory, a joint facility of the Smithsonian Institution and the University of Arizona. MMT telescope time was granted by NOAO, through the NSF-funded Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP). We gratefully acknowledge NASA's support for construction, operation, and science analysis for the GALEX mission. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA.; C.L. acknowledges financial support through the Giacconi Fellowship program and T.N. acknowledges financial support by JSPS (grant nos. 23654068 and 25707010). This research was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science through Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 23340050. NR 105 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 2 AR 122 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/122 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281JL UT WOS:000329097100009 ER PT J AU Werner, MW Sahai, R Davis, J Livingston, J Lykou, F De Buizer, J Morris, MR Keller, L Adams, J Gull, G Henderson, C Herter, T Schoenwald, J AF Werner, M. W. Sahai, R. Davis, J. Livingston, J. Lykou, F. De Buizer, J. Morris, M. R. Keller, L. Adams, J. Gull, G. Henderson, C. Herter, T. Schoenwald, J. TI MID-INFRARED IMAGING OF THE BIPOLAR PLANETARY NEBULA M2-9 FROM SOFIA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary nebulae: individual (M2-9) ID BUTTERFLY NEBULA; CENTRAL STARS; MASS-LOSS; GRAINS; EXCITATION; CHEMISTRY; CATALOG; IMAGES; JETS AB We have imaged the bipolar planetary nebula M2-9 using SOFIA's FORCAST instrument in six wavelength bands between 6.6 and 37.1 mu m. A bright central point source, unresolved with SOFIA's similar to 4 ''-5 '' beam, is seen at each wavelength, and the extended bipolar lobes are clearly seen at 19.7 mu m and beyond. The photometry between 10 and 25 mu m is well fit by the emission predicted from a stratified disk seen at large inclination, as has been proposed for this source by Lykou et al. and by Smith and Gehrz. The principal new results in this paper relate to the distribution and properties of the dust that emits the infrared radiation. In particular, a considerable fraction of this material is spread uniformly through the lobes, although the dust density does increase at the sharp outer edge seen in higher resolution optical images of M2-9. The dust grain population in the lobes shows that small (<0.1 mu m) and large (>1 mu m) particles appear to be present in roughly equal amounts by mass. We suggest that collisional processing within the bipolar outflow plays an important role in establishing the particle size distribution. C1 [Werner, M. W.; Sahai, R.; Davis, J.; Livingston, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. [Lykou, F.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [De Buizer, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA SOFIA Sci Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Morris, M. R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Keller, L.] Ithaca Coll, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Adams, J.; Gull, G.; Henderson, C.; Herter, T.; Schoenwald, J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Werner, MW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. EM Michael.W.Werner@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA [NAS2-97001]; DLR [50 OK 0901] FX This work is based on observations made with the NASA/DLR Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). SOFIA is jointly operated by the Universities Space Research Association, Inc. (USRA), under NASA contract NAS2-97001, and the Deutsches SOFIA Institut (DSI) under DLR contract 50 OK 0901 to the University of Stuttgart. This research used the Hubble Legacy Archive (HLA) which is a collaboration between the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI/NASA), the Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility (ST-ECF/ESA) and the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre (CADC/NRC/CSA). NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 2 AR 156 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/156 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281JL UT WOS:000329097100043 ER PT J AU Wiesenfeld, L Goldsmith, PF AF Wiesenfeld, Laurent Goldsmith, Paul F. TI C+ IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM: COLLISIONAL EXCITATION BY H-2 REVISITED SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: clouds ID FINE-STRUCTURE TRANSITION; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; GROUND-STATE; GAS; GALAXIES; CLOUDS; RATIO AB C+ is a critical constituent of many regions of the interstellar medium, as it can be a major reservoir of carbon and, under a wide range of conditions, the dominant gas coolant. Emission from its 158 mu m fine structure line is used to trace the structure of photon-dominated regions in the Milky Way and is often employed as a measure of the star formation rate in external galaxies. Under most conditions, the emission from the single [C II] line is proportional to the collisional excitation rate coefficient. We here used improved calculations of the deexcitation rate of [C II] by collisions with H-2 to calculate more accurate expressions for interstellar C+ fine structure emission, its critical density, and its cooling rate. The collision rates in the new quantum calculation are similar to 25% larger than those previously available, and narrow the difference between rates for excitation by atomic and molecular hydrogen. This results in [C II] excitation being quasi-independent of the molecular fraction and thus dependent only on the total hydrogen particle density. A convenient expression for the cooling rate at temperatures between 20 K and 400 K, assuming an LTE H-2 ortho to para ratio is Lambda = (11.5 + 4.0 e (100K/Tkin)) e (91.25K/Tkin) n(C+)n(H-2) x 10 (24) erg cm (3) s(-1). The present work should allow more accurate and convenient analysis of the [C II] line emission and its cooling. C1 [Wiesenfeld, Laurent] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS INSU, Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble, UMR 5274, Grenoble, France. [Wiesenfeld, Laurent; Goldsmith, Paul F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Wiesenfeld, L (reprint author), UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS INSU, Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble, UMR 5274, Grenoble, France. RI Goldsmith, Paul/H-3159-2016 FU Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-12-BS05-0011-01]; CNES (through Herschel Key Project CHESS); JPL FX This research was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank Bill Langer for a careful reading of the paper and suggestions that improved it, F. Lique, T. Stoecklin, and their coworkers for useful discussions, and the referee for helpful comments. L.W. thanks the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, contract ANR-12-BS05-0011-01 (HYDRIDES), the CNES (through Herschel Key Project CHESS), and JPL for their support of this work. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 2 AR 183 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/183 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281JL UT WOS:000329097100070 ER PT J AU Yamaguchi, H Eriksen, KA Badenes, C Hughes, JP Brickhouse, NS Foster, AR Patnaude, DJ Petre, R Slane, PO Smith, RK AF Yamaguchi, Hiroya Eriksen, Kristoffer A. Badenes, Carles Hughes, John P. Brickhouse, Nancy S. Foster, Adam R. Patnaude, Daniel J. Petre, Robert Slane, Patrick O. Smith, Randall K. TI NEW EVIDENCE FOR EFFICIENT COLLISIONLESS HEATING OF ELECTRONS AT THE REVERSE SHOCK OF A YOUNG SUPERNOVA REMNANT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; hydrodynamics; ISM: individual objects (SN 1572, Tycho's SNR); ISM: supernova remnants; shock waves; X-rays: ISM ID X-RAY-EMISSION; TEMPERATURE EQUILIBRATION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; NONRADIATIVE SHOCKS; ION EQUILIBRATION; IA SUPERNOVAE; CYGNUS LOOP; SN 1006; SPECTRUM; LIGHT AB Although collisionless shocks are ubiquitous in astrophysics, certain key aspects of them are not well understood. In particular, the process known as collisionless electron heating, whereby electrons are rapidly energized at the shock front, is one of the main open issues in shock physics. Here, we present the first clear evidence for efficient collisionless electron heating at the reverse shock of Tycho's supernova remnant (SNR), revealed by FeK diagnostics using high-quality X-ray data obtained by the Suzaku satellite. We detect K beta (3p -> 1s) fluorescence emission from low-ionization Fe ejecta excited by energetic thermal electrons at the reverse shock front, which peaks at a smaller radius than Fe K alpha (2p -> 1s) emission dominated by a relatively highly ionized component. Comparisons with our hydrodynamical simulations imply instantaneous electron heating to a temperature 1000 times higher than expected from Coulomb collisions alone. The unique environment of the reverse shock, which is propagating with a high Mach number into rarefied ejecta with a low magnetic field strength, puts strong constraints on the physical mechanism responsible for this heating and favors a cross-shock potential created by charge deflection at the shock front. Our sensitive observation also reveals that the reverse shock radius of this SNR is about 10% smaller than the previous measurement using the Fe K alpha morphology from the Chandra observations. Since strong Fe K beta fluorescence is expected only from low-ionization plasma where Fe ions still have many 3p electrons, this feature is key to diagnosing the plasma state and distribution of the immediate postshock ejecta in a young SNR. C1 [Yamaguchi, Hiroya; Petre, Robert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yamaguchi, Hiroya] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yamaguchi, Hiroya; Brickhouse, Nancy S.; Foster, Adam R.; Patnaude, Daniel J.; Slane, Patrick O.; Smith, Randall K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Eriksen, Kristoffer A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Badenes, Carles] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Badenes, Carles] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Particle Phys Astrophys & Cosmol Ctr P, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Hughes, John P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Yamaguchi, H (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM hiroya.yamaguchi@nasa.gov RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009; OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 FU NASA Suzaku GO grant [NNX08AZ86G]; NASA ADP grant [NNX12AF44G] FX We are thankful to Drs. John D. Raymond and Timothy R. Kallman for useful information and discussion. This work is supported by funding from NASA Suzaku GO grant NNX08AZ86G (J.P.H.) and NASA ADP grant NNX12AF44G (R.K.S.). NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 2 AR 136 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/136 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281JL UT WOS:000329097100023 ER PT J AU Stern, JC Foustoukos, DI Sonke, JE Salters, VJM AF Stern, Jennifer C. Foustoukos, Dionysis I. Sonke, Jeroen E. Salters, Vincent J. M. TI Humic acid complexation of Th, Hf and Zr in ligand competition experiments: Metal loading and pH effects SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CE-ICP-MS; Humic acid complexes; Thorium; Tetravalent metal organic species ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; CONDITIONAL STABILITY-CONSTANTS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; NSIMI-ZOETELE SITE; CE-ICP-MS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MULTITRACER TECHNIQUE; HUMATE INTERACTIONS; FULVIC-ACIDS AB Themobility ofmetals in soils and subsurface aquifers is strongly affected by sorption and complexation with dissolved organic matter, oxyhydroxides, clay minerals, and inorganic ligands. Humic substances (HS) are organic macromolecules with functional groups that have a strong affinity for binding metals, such as actinides. Thorium, often studied as an analog for tetravalent actinides, has also been shown to strongly associate with dissolved and colloidal HS in natural waters. The effects of HS on the mobilization dynamics of actinides are of particular interest in risk assessment of nuclear waste repositories. Here, we present conditional equilibrium binding constants (K-c,K-MHA) of thorium, hafnium, and zirconium-humic acid complexes from ligand competition experiments using capillary electrophoresis coupled with ICP-MS (CE-ICP-MS). Equilibrium dialysis ligand exchange (EDLE) experiments using size exclusion via a 1000 Damembrane were also performed to validate the CE-ICP-MS analysis. Experiments were performed at pH 3.5-7 with solutions containing one tetravalent metal (Th, Hf, or Zr), Elliot soil humic acid (EHA) or Pahokee peat humic acid (PHA), and EDTA. CE-ICP-MS and EDLE experiments yielded nearly identical binding constants for the metalhumic acid complexes, indicating that both methods are appropriate for examining metal speciation at conditions lower than neutral pH. We find that tetravalent metals form strong complexes with humic acids, with K-c,K-MHA several orders of magnitude above REE-humic complexes. Experiments were conducted at a range of dissolved HA concentrations to examine the effect of [HA]/[Th] molar ratio on K-c,K-MHA. At low metal loading conditions (i.e. elevated [HA]/[Th] ratios) the ThHA binding constant reached values that were not affected by the relative abundance of humic acid and thorium. The importance of [HA]/[Th] molar ratios on constraining the equilibrium of MHA complexation is apparent when our estimated K-c,K-MHA values attained at very low metal loading conditions are compared to existing literature data. Overall, experimental data suggest that the tetravalent transition metal/-actinide-humic acid complexation is important over a wide range of pH values, including mildly acidic conditions, and thus, these complexes should be included in speciation models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stern, Jennifer C.; Salters, Vincent J. M.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Stern, Jennifer C.; Salters, Vincent J. M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Stern, Jennifer C.] NASA, Planetary Environm Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Foustoukos, Dionysis I.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Sonke, Jeroen E.] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, IRD, Observ Midi Pyrenees,Lab Geosci Environm Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France. RP Stern, JC (reprint author), NASA, Planetary Environm Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 699, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jennifer.c.stern@nasa.gov RI Stern, Jennifer/E-3135-2012; Salters, Vincent/F-9792-2014 OI Stern, Jennifer/0000-0002-0162-8807; Salters, Vincent/0000-0002-5669-7869 FU National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University; NASA Post-doctoral Program; Carnegie Institution of Washington; NSF [OCE-0752221] FX This research was carried out with support from the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, and the NASA Post-doctoral Program (Stern), the Carnegie Institution of Washington (Foustoukos) and the NSF OCE-0752221 (Foustoukos). We thank Ted Zateslo for mass spectrometer maintenance at the NHMFL. NR 80 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 363 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.11.001 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 285QO UT WOS:000329408900018 ER PT J AU Roth, L Saur, J Retherford, KD Strobel, DF Feldman, PD McGrath, MA Nimmo, F AF Roth, Lorenz Saur, Joachim Retherford, Kurt D. Strobel, Darrell F. Feldman, Paul D. McGrath, Melissa A. Nimmo, Francis TI Transient Water Vapor at Europa's South Pole SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE OCEAN; ATMOSPHERE; CONSTRAINTS; SIMULATION; ENCELADUS; EMISSION; GANYMEDE; PLUMES AB In November and December 2012, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaged Europa's ultraviolet emissions in the search for vapor plume activity. We report statistically significant coincident surpluses of hydrogen Lyman-alpha and oxygen OI 130.4-nanometer emissions above the southern hemisphere in December 2012. These emissions were persistently found in the same area over the 7 hours of the observation, suggesting atmospheric inhomogeneity; they are consistent with two 200-km-high plumes of water vapor with line-of-sight column densities of about 10(20) per square meter. Nondetection in November 2012 and in previous HST images from 1999 suggests varying plume activity that might depend on changing surface stresses based on Europa's orbital phases. The plume was present when Europa was near apocenter and was not detected close to its pericenter, in agreement with tidal modeling predictions. C1 [Roth, Lorenz; Retherford, Kurt D.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Roth, Lorenz; Saur, Joachim] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Cologne, Germany. [Strobel, Darrell F.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Strobel, Darrell F.; Feldman, Paul D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [McGrath, Melissa A.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Nimmo, Francis] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Roth, L (reprint author), SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM lorenz.roth@swri.edu FU NASA through Space Telescope Science Institute [GO-13040, NAS5-26555] FX This work is based on HST observations available at the NASA Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes. Support for program number GO-13040 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under contract NAS5-26555; and by Verbundforschung Astronomie und Astrophysik. NR 25 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 6 U2 63 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6167 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1126/science.1247051 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 286BZ UT WOS:000329440800039 PM 24336567 ER PT J AU Meyer, ET Georganopoulos, M AF Meyer, Eileen T. Georganopoulos, Markos TI FERMI RULES OUT THE INVERSE COMPTON/CMB MODEL FOR THE LARGE-SCALE JET X-RAY EMISSION OF 3C 273 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; quasars: individual (3C 273); radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; PKS 0637-752; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; M87 JET; 3C-273; QUASAR; RADIATION; POWER; AGN AB The X-ray emission mechanism in large-scale jets of powerful radio quasars has been a source of debate in recent years, with two competing interpretations: either the X-rays are of synchrotron origin, arising from a different electron energy distribution than that producing the radio to optical synchrotron component, or they are due to inverse Compton scattering of cosmic microwave background photons (IC/CMB) by relativistic electrons in a powerful relativistic jet with bulk Lorentz factor Gamma similar to 10-20. These two models imply radically different conditions in the large-scale jet in terms of jet speed, kinetic power, and maximum energy of the particle acceleration mechanism, with important implications for the impact of the jet on the large-scale environment. A large part of the X-ray origin debate has centered on the well-studied source 3C 273. Here we present new observations from Fermi which put an upper limit on the gamma-ray flux from the large-scale jet of 3C 273 that violates at a confidence greater that 99.9% the flux expected from the IC/CMB X-ray model found by extrapolation of the UV to X-ray spectrum of knot A, thus ruling out the IC/CMB interpretation entirely for this source when combined with previous work. Further, this upper limit from Fermi puts a limit on the Doppler beaming factor of at least delta < 9, assuming equipartition fields, and possibly as low as delta < 5, assuming no major deceleration of the jet from knots A through D1. C1 [Meyer, Eileen T.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Meyer, Eileen T.; Georganopoulos, Markos] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Georganopoulos, Markos] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Meyer, ET (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. FU Fermi [NNX13AO88G, NNX12AF01G] FX E.M. acknowledges support from Fermi grant NNX13AO88G. M.G. acknowledges support from Fermi grant NNX12AF01G. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 2 AR L27 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/780/2/L27 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 279XW UT WOS:000328993700013 ER PT J AU Pucci, F Velli, M AF Pucci, Fulvia Velli, Marco TI RECONNECTION OF QUASI-SINGULAR CURRENT SHEETS: THE "IDEAL" TEARING MODE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE magnetic reconnection; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Sun: corona ID FIELDS AB A strong indication that fast reconnection regimes exist within resistive magnetohydrodynamics was given by the proof that the Sweet-Parker current sheet, maintained by a flow field with an appropriate inflow-outflow structure, could be unstable to a reconnecting instability which grows without bound as the Lundquist number, S, tends to infinity. The requirement of a minimum value for S in order for the plasmoid instability to kick in does little to resolve the paradoxical nature of the result. Here we argue against the realizability of Sweet-Parker current sheets in astrophysical plasmas with very large S by showing that an "ideal" tearing mode takes over before current sheets reach such a thickness. While the Sweet-Parker current sheet thickness scales as similar to S-1/2, the tearing mode becomes effectively ideal when a current sheet collapses to a thickness of the order of similar to S-1/3, up to 100 times thicker than S (1/2), when (as happens in many astrophysical environments) S is as large as 10(12). Such a sheet, while still diffusing over a very long time, is unstable to a tearing mode with multiple x-points: here we detail the characteristics of the instability and discuss how it may help solve the flare trigger problem and effectively initiate the turbulent disruption of the sheet. C1 [Pucci, Fulvia] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Florence, Italy. [Pucci, Fulvia; Velli, Marco] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pucci, F (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Florence, Italy. EM fulvia.pucci87@gmail.com; mvelli@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA; European Commissions [284515] FX We wish to thank Simone Landi, Bill Matthaeus, and Francesco Pegoraro for useful discussions. This work was carried out in part by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. M. V. was supported by the NASA Solar Probe Observatory Scientist grant. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commissions Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the grant agreement SHOCK (project number 284515). NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 2 AR L19 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/780/2/L19 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 279XW UT WOS:000328993700005 ER PT J AU Kallush, S Khasin, M Kosloff, R AF Kallush, S. Khasin, M. Kosloff, R. TI Quantum control with noisy fields: computational complexity versus sensitivity to noise SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-SYSTEMS; COHERENT STATES; MAXIMUM SPEED; CONTROLLABILITY; EVOLUTION; PULSES AB A closed quantum system is defined as completely controllable if an arbitrary unitary transformation can be executed using the available controls. In practice, control fields are a source of unavoidable noise, which has to be suppressed to retain controllability. Can one design control fields such that the effect of noise is negligible on the time-scale of the transformation? This question is intimately related to the fundamental problem of a connection between the computational complexity of the control problem and the sensitivity of the controlled system to noise. The present study considers a paradigm of control, where the Lie-algebraic structure of the control Hamiltonian is fixed, while the size of the system increases with the dimension of the Hilbert space representation of the algebra. We find two types of control tasks, easy and hard. Easy tasks are characterized by a small variance of the evolving state with respect to the operators of the control operators. They are relatively immune to noise and the control field is easy to find. Hard tasks have a large variance, are sensitive to noise and the control field is hard to find. The influence of noise increases with the size of the system, which is measured by the scaling factor N of the largest weight of the representation. For fixed time and control field the ability to control degrades as O(N) for easy tasks and as O(N-2) for hard tasks. As a consequence, even in the most favorable estimate, for large quantum systems, generic noise in the controls dominates for a typical class of target transformations, i.e. complete controllability is destroyed by noise. C1 [Kallush, S.] ORT Braude Coll, Dept Phys, IL-21982 Karmiel, Israel. [Khasin, M.] Nasa Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Kosloff, R.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fritz Haber Res Ctr Mol Dynam, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Kosloff, R (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fritz Haber Res Ctr Mol Dynam, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM ronnie@fh.huji.ac.il RI Kosloff, Ronnie/D-2388-2013 OI Kosloff, Ronnie/0000-0001-6201-2523 NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JAN 9 PY 2014 VL 16 AR 015008 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/16/1/015008 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 302AZ UT WOS:000330574900002 ER PT J AU Meyer, CG O'Malley, JM Papastamatiou, YP Dale, JJ Hutchinson, MR Anderson, JM Royer, MA Holland, KN AF Meyer, Carl G. O'Malley, Joseph M. Papastamatiou, Yannis P. Dale, Jonathan J. Hutchinson, Melanie R. Anderson, James M. Royer, Mark A. Holland, Kim N. TI Growth and Maximum Size of Tiger Sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) in Hawaii SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; GULF-OF-MEXICO; INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHWESTERN AUSTRALIA; CARCHARHINUS-OBSCURUS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; MARINE PREDATOR; DUSKY SHARKS; CATCH RATES AB Tiger sharks (Galecerdo cuvier) are apex predators characterized by their broad diet, large size and rapid growth. Tiger shark maximum size is typically between 380 & 450 cm Total Length (TL), with a few individuals reaching 550 cm TL, but the maximum size of tiger sharks in Hawaii waters remains uncertain. A previous study suggested tiger sharks grow rather slowly in Hawaii compared to other regions, but this may have been an artifact of the method used to estimate growth (unvalidated vertebral ring counts) compounded by small sample size and narrow size range. Since 1993, the University of Hawaii has conducted a research program aimed at elucidating tiger shark biology, and to date 420 tiger sharks have been tagged and 50 recaptured. All recaptures were from Hawaii except a single shark recaptured off Isla Jacques Cousteau (24 degrees 13'17 '' N 109 degrees 52'14 '' W), in the southern Gulf of California (minimum distance between tag and recapture sites = approximately 5,000 km), after 366 days at liberty (DAL). We used these empirical mark-recapture data to estimate growth rates and maximum size for tiger sharks in Hawaii. We found that tiger sharks in Hawaii grow twice as fast as previously thought, on average reaching 340 cm TL by age 5, and attaining a maximum size of 403 cm TL. Our model indicates the fastest growing individuals attain 400 cm TL by age 5, and the largest reach a maximum size of 444 cm TL. The largest shark captured during our study was 464 cm TL but individuals >450 cm TL were extremely rare (0.005% of sharks captured). We conclude that tiger shark growth rates and maximum sizes in Hawaii are generally consistent with those in other regions, and hypothesize that a broad diet may help them to achieve this rapid growth by maximizing prey consumption rates. C1 [Meyer, Carl G.; Hutchinson, Melanie R.; Anderson, James M.; Royer, Mark A.; Holland, Kim N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [O'Malley, Joseph M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Papastamatiou, Yannis P.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Papastamatiou, Yannis P.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. [Dale, Jonathan J.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Meyer, CG (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM carlm@hawaii.edu OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-4900-5916 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (National Marine Sanctuaries Program); University of Hawaii Sea Grant; State of Hawaii (Department of Land and Natural Resources) FX The authors are grateful to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (National Marine Sanctuaries Program), University of Hawaii Sea Grant and the State of Hawaii (Department of Land and Natural Resources) for providing funding to support a variety of shark research projects that collectively made this study possible. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 46 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 8 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 AR e84799 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0084799 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 291WL UT WOS:000329862500170 PM 24416287 ER PT J AU Tsurutani, BT Echer, E Shibata, K Verkhoglyadova, OP Mannucci, AJ Gonzalez, WD Kozyra, JU Patzold, M AF Tsurutani, Bruce T. Echer, Ezequiel Shibata, Kazunari Verkhoglyadova, Olga P. Mannucci, Anthony J. Gonzalez, Walter D. Kozyra, Janet U. Paetzold, Martin TI The interplanetary causes of geomagnetic activity during the 7-17 March 2012 interval: a CAWSES II overview SO JOURNAL OF SPACE WEATHER AND SPACE CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE storm; interplanetary coronal mass ejection; shocks; ionosphere (equatorial); solar wind ID SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC STORMS; SUDDEN COMMENCEMENTS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; DISTURBANCE; MAGNETOSPHERE; SUBSTORMS; SHOCKS; POLAR; IONOSPHERE AB This overview paper presents/discusses the major solar, interplanetary, magnetospheric, and ionospheric features of the CAWSES II interval of study: 7-17 March 2012. Magnetic storms occurred on 7, 9, 12, and 15 March with peak SYM-H intensities of -98 nT, -148 nT, -75 nT (pressure corrected), and -79 nT, respectively. These are called the S1, S2, S3, and S4 events. Although three of the storm main phases (S1, S3, and S4) were caused by IMF B-south sheath fields and the S2 event was associated with a magnetic cloud (MC), the detailed scenario for all four storms were different. Two interplanetary features with unusually high temperatures and intense and quiet magnetic fields were identified located antisunward of the MCs (S2 and S3). These features are signatures of either coronal loops or coronal sheaths. A high speed stream (HSS) followed the S4 event where the presumably southward IMF Bz components of the Alfven waves extended the storm "recovery phase'' by several days. The ICME-associated shocks were particularly intense. The fast forward shock for the S2 event had a magnetosonic Mach number of similar to 9.4, the largest in recorded history. All of the shocks associated with the ICMEs created sudden impulses (SI(+)s) at Earth. The shocks preceding the S2 and S3 magnetic storms caused unusually high SI+ intensities of similar to 60 and 68 nT, respectively. Many further studies on various facets of this active interval are suggested for CAWSES II researchers and other interested parties. C1 [Tsurutani, Bruce T.; Verkhoglyadova, Olga P.; Mannucci, Anthony J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Echer, Ezequiel; Gonzalez, Walter D.] Brazilian Inst Space Res INPE, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Shibata, Kazunari] Kyoto Univ, Kwasan Observ, Yamashina 6078471, Japan. [Verkhoglyadova, Olga P.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Kozyra, Janet U.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Paetzold, Martin] Univ Cologne, Rhein Inst Environm, Dept Planetary Res, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. RP Tsurutani, BT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bruce.tsurutani@jpl.nasa.gov OI Verkhoglyadova, Olga/0000-0002-9295-9539 FU NASA FX Portions of the research were carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. NR 61 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2115-7251 J9 J SPACE WEATHER SPAC JI J. Space Weather Space Clim. PD JAN 7 PY 2014 VL 4 AR A02 DI 10.1051/swsc/2013056 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU8KQ UT WOS:000345845900002 ER PT J AU Kempes, CP Okegbe, C Mears-Clarke, Z Follows, MJ Dietrich, LEP AF Kempes, Christopher P. Okegbe, Chinweike Mears-Clarke, Zwoisaint Follows, Michael J. Dietrich, Lars E. P. TI Morphological optimization for access to dual oxidants in biofilms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA PA14; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS BIOFILMS; REACTION-DIFFUSION MODEL; MICROBIAL BIOFILMS; GROWTH; HYPOXIA; OXYGEN; AVAILABILITY; PYOCYANIN; TRANSPORT AB A major theme driving research in biology is the relationship between form and function. In particular, a longstanding goal has been to understand how the evolution of multicellularity conferred fitness advantages. Here we show that biofilms of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce structures that maximize cellular reproduction. Specifically, we develop a mathematical model of resource availability and metabolic response within colony features. This analysis accurately predicts the measured distribution of two types of electron acceptors: oxygen, which is available from the atmosphere, and phenazines, redox-active antibiotics produced by the bacterium. Using this model, we demonstrate that the geometry of colony structures is optimal with respect to growth efficiency. Because our model is based on resource dynamics, we also can anticipate shifts in feature geometry based on changes to the availability of electron acceptors, including variations in the external availability of oxygen and genetic manipulation that renders the cells incapable of phenazine production. C1 [Kempes, Christopher P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kempes, Christopher P.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kempes, Christopher P.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94034 USA. [Kempes, Christopher P.; Follows, Michael J.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Okegbe, Chinweike; Mears-Clarke, Zwoisaint; Dietrich, Lars E. P.] Columbia Univ, Dept Biol Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Kempes, CP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ckempes@gmail.com; LDietrich@columbia.edu OI Dietrich, Lars/0000-0003-2049-1137 FU National Science Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Gilliam Fellowship from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Columbia University; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [1 R01 AI103369-01A1] FX We thank Alexa Price-Whelan for insightful discussion regarding this project and the manuscript. We thank Daniel Bellin for calculating the phenazine diffusion constant. This work was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (C.P.K.), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (C.P.K. and M.J.F.), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (M.J.F.), the National Science Foundation (M.J.F.), a Gilliam Fellowship from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (C.O.), a startup fund from Columbia University, and Research Grant 1 R01 AI103369-01A1 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (to L.E.P.D.). NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 7 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 1 BP 208 EP 213 DI 10.1073/pnas.1315521110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 284VY UT WOS:000329350700064 PM 24335705 ER PT J AU Sugimoto, M Oono, Y Gusev, O Matsumoto, T Yazawa, T Levinskikh, MA Sychev, VN Bingham, GE Wheeler, R Hummerick, M AF Sugimoto, Manabu Oono, Youko Gusev, Oleg Matsumoto, Takashi Yazawa, Takayuki Levinskikh, Margarita A. Sychev, Vladimir N. Bingham, Gail E. Wheeler, Raymond Hummerick, Mary TI Genome-wide expression analysis of reactive oxygen species gene network in Mizuna plants grown in long-term spaceflight SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mRNA-Seq; Next generation sequencing; Transcriptome; Mizuna; Reactive oxygen species; International Space Station; Spaceflight ID ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE; DEFENSE RESPONSE; STRESS-RESPONSE; RNA-SEQ; ARABIDOPSIS; SPACE; ACCUMULATION; ENVIRONMENT; TOLERANCE; PROTEINS AB Background: Spaceflight environment have been shown to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce oxidative stress in plants, but little is known about the gene expression of the ROS gene network in plants grown in long-term spaceflight. The molecular response and adaptation to the spaceflight environment of Mizuna plants harvested after 27 days of cultivation onboard the International Space Station (ISS) were measured using genome-wide mRNA expression analysis (mRNA-Seq). Results: Total reads of transcripts from the Mizuna grown in the ISS as well as on the ground by mRNA-Seq showed 8,258 and 14,170 transcripts up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, in the space-grown Mizuna when compared with those from the ground-grown Mizuna. A total of 20 in 32 ROS oxidative marker genes were up-regulated, including high expression of four hallmarks, and preferentially expressed genes associated with ROS-scavenging including thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, and alternative oxidase genes. In the transcription factors of the ROS gene network, MEKK1-MKK4-MPK3, OXI1-MKK4-MPK3, and OXI1-MPK3 of MAP cascades, induction of WRKY22 by MEKK1-MKK4-MPK3 cascade, induction of WRKY25 and repression of Zat7 by Zat12 were suggested. RbohD and RbohF genes were up-regulated preferentially in NADPH oxidase genes, which produce ROS. Conclusions: This large-scale transcriptome analysis revealed that the spaceflight environment induced oxidative stress and the ROS gene network activation in the space-grown Mizuna. Among transcripts altered in expression by space conditions, some were common genes response to abiotic and biotic stress. Furthermore, certain genes were exclusively up-regulated in Mizuna grown on the ISS. Surprisingly, Mizuna grew in space normally, as well as on the ground, demonstrating that plants can acclimate to long-term exposure in the spaceflight environment by reprogramming the expression of the ROS gene network. C1 [Sugimoto, Manabu] Okayama Univ, Inst Plant Sci & Resources, Kurashiki, Okayama 7100046, Japan. [Oono, Youko; Gusev, Oleg; Matsumoto, Takashi] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Gusev, Oleg] Kazan Fed Univ, Inst Fundamental Med & Biol, Kazan 420008, Russia. [Gusev, Oleg] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Matsumoto, Takashi] Minist Agr Forestry & Fisheries, Agr Forestry & Fisheries Res Council, Tokyo 1008950, Japan. [Yazawa, Takayuki] Hitachi Govt Publ Corp Syst Engn Ltd, Koto Ku, Tokyo 1358633, Japan. [Levinskikh, Margarita A.; Sychev, Vladimir N.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biomed Problems, Moscow 123007, Russia. [Bingham, Gail E.] Utah State Univ, Space Dynam Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Wheeler, Raymond; Hummerick, Mary] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Sugimoto, M (reprint author), Okayama Univ, Inst Plant Sci & Resources, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 7100046, Japan. EM manabus@rib.okayama-u.ac.jp RI Gusev, Oleg/D-9383-2011 OI Gusev, Oleg/0000-0002-6203-9758 FU Ohara Foundation of Kurashiki, Japan FX We thank Russian and American astronauts for perfect operator activity of this series of plant cultivation in ISS and transportation. This research was supported in part by the Ohara Foundation of Kurashiki, Japan. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 30 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD JAN 6 PY 2014 VL 14 AR 4 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-14-4 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AF1JI UT WOS:000334469800001 PM 24393219 ER PT J AU Gilman, E Chaloupka, M Wiedoff, B Willson, J AF Gilman, Eric Chaloupka, Milani Wiedoff, Brett Willson, Jeremy TI Mitigating Seabird Bycatch during Hauling by Pelagic Longline Vessels SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TUNA FISHERY; CATCH RATES; BY-CATCH; ALBATROSSES; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; MODELS; BAIT AB Bycatch in longline fisheries threatens the viability of some seabird populations. The Hawaii longline swordfish fishery reduced seabird captures by an order of magnitude primarily through mitigating bycatch during setting. Now, 75% of captures occur during hauling. We fit observer data to a generalized additive regression model with mixed effects to determine the significance of the effect of various factors on the standardized seabird haul catch rate. Density of albatrosses attending vessels during hauling, leader length and year had largest model effects. The standardized haul catch rate significantly increased with increased albatross density during hauling. The standardized catch rate was significantly higher the longer the leader: shorter leaders place weighted swivels closer to hooks, reducing the likelihood of baited hooks becoming available to surface-scavenging albatrosses. There was a significant linear increasing temporal trend in the standardized catch rate, possibly partly due to an observed increasing temporal trend in the local abundance of albatrosses attending vessels during hauling. Swivel weight, Beaufort scale and season were also significant but smaller model effects. Most (81%) haul captures were on branchlines actively being retrieved. Future haul mitigation research should therefore focus on reducing bird access to hooks as crew coil branchlines, including methods identified here of shorter leaders and heavier swivels, and other potentially effective methods, including faster branchline coiling and shielding the area where hooks becomes accessible. The proportion of Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) captures that occurred during hauling was significantly, 1.6 times, higher than for black-footed albatrosses (P. nigripes), perhaps due to differences in the time of day of foraging and in daytime scavenging competitiveness; mitigating haul bycatch would therefore be a larger benefit to Laysans. Locally, findings identify opportunities to nearly eliminate seabird bycatch. Globally, findings fill a gap in knowledge of methods to mitigate seabird bycatch during pelagic longline hauling. C1 [Gilman, Eric] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Chaloupka, Milani] Ecol Modeling Serv, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Wiedoff, Brett; Willson, Jeremy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Reg Off, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Gilman, E (reprint author), Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM EricLGilman@gmail.com NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 25 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 AR e84499 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0084499 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 286IW UT WOS:000329462700030 PM 24400096 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, A AF Ramanathan, Anand TI NextGen Speaks SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Ramanathan, Anand] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ramanathan, Anand] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser Remote Sensing Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ramanathan, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM anand.ramanathan@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 3 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6166 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 282HR UT WOS:000329162000021 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Asano, K Atwood, WB Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Bissaldi, E Bonamente, E Bregeon, J Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Burgess, JM Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Cecchi, C Chaplin, V Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Claus, R Cleveland, W Cohen-Tanugi, J Collazzi, A Cominsky, LR Connaughton, V Conrad, J Cutini, S D'Ammando, F de Angelis, A DeKlotz, M de Palma, F Dermer, CD Desiante, R Diekmann, A Di Venere, L Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Finke, J Fitzpatrick, G Focke, WB Franckowiak, A Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gehrels, N Germani, S Gibby, M Giglietto, N Giles, M Giordano, F Giroletti, M Godfrey, G Granot, J Grenier, IA Grove, JE Gruber, D Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Inoue, Y Jogler, T Johannesson, G Johnson, WN Kawano, T Knodlseder, J Kocevski, D Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monzani, ME Moretti, E Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nemmen, R Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Orienti, M Paneque, D Pelassa, V Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Petrosian, V Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Racusin, JL Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Ritz, S Roth, M Ryde, F Sartori, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Schulz, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Sonbas, E Spandre, G Spinelli, P Tajima, H Takahashi, H Thayer, JG Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tinivella, M Torres, DF Tosti, G Troja, E Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vianello, G Vitale, V Winer, BL Wood, KS Yamazaki, R Younes, G Yu, HF Zhu, SJ Bhat, PN Briggs, MS Byrne, D Foley, S Goldstein, A Jenke, P Kippen, RM Kouveliotou, C McBreen, S Meegan, C Paciesas, WS Preece, R Rau, A Tierney, D van der Horst, AJ von Kienlin, A Wilson-Hodge, C Xiong, S Cusumano, G La Parola, V Cummings, JR AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Asano, K. Atwood, W. B. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Bonamente, E. Bregeon, J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Burgess, J. Michael Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Cecchi, C. Chaplin, V. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cleveland, W. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Collazzi, A. Cominsky, L. R. Connaughton, V. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. de Angelis, A. DeKlotz, M. de Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. Desiante, R. Diekmann, A. Di Venere, L. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Finke, J. Fitzpatrick, G. Focke, W. B. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Gibby, M. Giglietto, N. Giles, M. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Godfrey, G. Granot, J. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Gruber, D. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Inoue, Y. Jogler, T. Johannesson, G. Johnson, W. N. Kawano, T. Knoedlseder, J. Kocevski, D. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monzani, M. E. Moretti, E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nemmen, R. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Paneque, D. Pelassa, V. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Petrosian, V. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Racusin, J. L. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Ritz, S. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sartori, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Schulz, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Sonbas, E. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tinivella, M. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vianello, G. Vitale, V. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yamazaki, R. Younes, G. Yu, H. -F. Zhu, S. J. Bhat, P. N. Briggs, M. S. Byrne, D. Foley, S. Goldstein, A. Jenke, P. Kippen, R. M. Kouveliotou, C. McBreen, S. Meegan, C. Paciesas, W. S. Preece, R. Rau, A. Tierney, D. van der Horst, A. J. von Kienlin, A. Wilson-Hodge, C. Xiong, S. Cusumano, G. La Parola, V. Cummings, J. R. TI Fermi-LAT Observations of the Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 130427A SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; SPECTRAL COMPONENT; AFTERGLOW; PROMPT AB The observations of the exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130427A by the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope provide constraints on the nature of these unique astrophysical sources. GRB 130427A had the largest fluence, highest-energy photon (95 GeV), longest gamma-ray duration (20 hours), and one of the largest isotropic energy releases ever observed from a GRB. Temporal and spectral analyses of GRB 130427A challenge the widely accepted model that the nonthermal high-energy emission in the afterglow phase of GRBs is synchrotron emission radiated by electrons accelerated at an external shock. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Buehler, R.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Asano, K.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Atwood, W. B.; Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Axelsson, M.; Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.; Moretti, E.; Ryde, F.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Moretti, E.; Ryde, F.] AlbaNova, Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.; Tinivella, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Grenier, I. A.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Desiante, R.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Chiaro, G.; Pivato, G.; Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bechtol, K.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Di Venere, L.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Funk, S.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Inoue, Y.; Jogler, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Okumura, A.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Petrosian, V.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bechtol, K.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Di Venere, L.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Funk, S.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Inoue, Y.; Jogler, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Okumura, A.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Petrosian, V.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bissaldi, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.] Univ Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burgess, J. Michael; Chaplin, V.; Connaughton, V.; Pelassa, V.; Bhat, P. N.; Briggs, M. S.; Goldstein, A.; Jenke, P.; Meegan, C.; Preece, R.; Xiong, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai IEEE, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.; Sartori, A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Chekhtman, A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Finke, J.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.] Osserv Astron Roma, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Cleveland, W.; Sonbas, E.; Younes, G.; Paciesas, W. S.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, Montpellier, France. [Collazzi, A.; Guiriec, S.] NASA, Postdoctoral Program, Washington, DC USA. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [DeKlotz, M.] Stellar Solut Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. [Diekmann, A.; Gibby, M.; Giles, M.] Jacobs Technol, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Guiriec, S.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.; Nemmen, R.; Perkins, J. S.; Racusin, J. L.; Sonbas, E.; Thompson, D. J.; Troja, E.; Cummings, J. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fitzpatrick, G.; Byrne, D.; Foley, S.; McBreen, S.; Tierney, D.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Kawano, T.; Ohno, M.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Granot, J.] Open Univ Israel, Dept Nat Sci, IL-43537 Raanana, Israel. [Gruber, D.; Yu, H. -F.; Foley, S.; McBreen, S.; Rau, A.; von Kienlin, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Hayashida, M.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Hughes, R. E.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Knoedlseder, J.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Knoedlseder, J.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, GAHEC, Toulouse, France. [Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Troja, E.; Zhu, S. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Troja, E.; Zhu, S. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Moiseev, A. A.; Perkins, J. S.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Moiseev, A. A.; Perkins, J. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Okumura, A.; Tajima, H.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Razzaque, S.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Phys, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Sonbas, E.] Adyaman Univ, TR-02040 Adyaman, Turkey. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Vianello, G.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Yamazaki, R.] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys & Math, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525258, Japan. [Younes, G.; Kouveliotou, C.; Wilson-Hodge, C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Kippen, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [van der Horst, A. J.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Cusumano, G.; La Parola, V.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [Cummings, J. R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Chiang, J (reprint author), Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jchiang@slac.stanford.edu; charles.dermer@nrl.navy.mil; nicola.omodei@stanford.edu; giacomov@slac.stanford.edu; sjzhu@umd.edu; shaolin.xiong@uah.edu RI Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Di Venere, Leonardo/C-7619-2017; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nemmen, Rodrigo/O-6841-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; OI Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Di Venere, Leonardo/0000-0003-0703-824X; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Cusumano, Giancarlo/0000-0002-8151-1990; Inoue, Yoshiyuki/0000-0002-7272-1136; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; La Parola, Valentina/0000-0002-8087-6488; Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Burgess, James/0000-0003-3345-9515; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Moretti, Elena/0000-0001-5477-9097; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 NR 30 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 3 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6166 BP 42 EP 47 DI 10.1126/science.1242353 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 282HR UT WOS:000329162000042 PM 24263133 ER PT J AU Maselli, A Melandri, A Nava, L Mundell, CG Kawai, N Campana, S Covino, S Cummings, JR Cusumano, G Evans, PA Ghirlanda, G Ghisellini, G Guidorzi, C Kobayashi, S Kuin, P La Parola, V Mangano, V Oates, S Sakamoto, T Serino, M Virgili, F Zhang, BB Barthelmy, S Beardmore, A Bernardini, MG Bersier, D Burrows, D Calderone, G Capalbi, M Chiang, J D'Avanzo, P D'Elia, V De Pasquale, M Fugazza, D Gehrels, N Gomboc, A Harrison, R Hanayama, H Japelj, J Kennea, J Kopac, D Kouveliotou, C Kuroda, D Levan, A Malesani, D Marshall, F Nousek, J O'Brien, P Osborne, JP Pagani, C Page, KL Page, M Perri, M Pritchard, T Romano, P Saito, Y Sbarufatti, B Salvaterra, R Steele, I Tanvir, N Vianello, G Weigand, B Wiersema, K Yatsu, Y Yoshii, T Tagliaferri, G AF Maselli, A. Melandri, A. Nava, L. Mundell, C. G. Kawai, N. Campana, S. Covino, S. Cummings, J. R. Cusumano, G. Evans, P. A. Ghirlanda, G. Ghisellini, G. Guidorzi, C. Kobayashi, S. Kuin, P. La Parola, V. Mangano, V. Oates, S. Sakamoto, T. Serino, M. Virgili, F. Zhang, B. -B. Barthelmy, S. Beardmore, A. Bernardini, M. G. Bersier, D. Burrows, D. Calderone, G. Capalbi, M. Chiang, J. D'Avanzo, P. D'Elia, V. De Pasquale, M. Fugazza, D. Gehrels, N. Gomboc, A. Harrison, R. Hanayama, H. Japelj, J. Kennea, J. Kopac, D. Kouveliotou, C. Kuroda, D. Levan, A. Malesani, D. Marshall, F. Nousek, J. O'Brien, P. Osborne, J. P. Pagani, C. Page, K. L. Page, M. Perri, M. Pritchard, T. Romano, P. Saito, Y. Sbarufatti, B. Salvaterra, R. Steele, I. Tanvir, N. Vianello, G. Weigand, B. Wiersema, K. Yatsu, Y. Yoshii, T. Tagliaferri, G. TI GRB 130427A: A Nearby Ordinary Monster SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; AFTERGLOW EMISSION; LIGHT-CURVE; PEAK ENERGY; TELESCOPE; SIMULATIONS; DISCOVERY; MISSION AB Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are an extremely rare outcome of the collapse of massive stars and are typically found in the distant universe. Because of its intrinsic luminosity (L similar to 3 x 10(53) ergs per second) and its relative proximity (z = 0.34), GRB 130427A reached the highest fluence observed in the gamma-ray band. Here, we present a comprehensive multiwavelength view of GRB 130427A with Swift, the 2-meter Liverpool and Faulkes telescopes, and by other ground-based facilities, highlighting the evolution of the burst emission from the prompt to the afterglow phase. The properties of GRB 130427A are similar to those of the most luminous, high-redshift GRBs, suggesting that a common central engine is responsible for producing GRBs in both the contemporary and the early universe and over the full range of GRB isotropic energies. C1 [Maselli, A.; Cusumano, G.; La Parola, V.; Mangano, V.; Capalbi, M.; Romano, P.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm IASF Palermo, INAF, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [Melandri, A.; Nava, L.; Campana, S.; Covino, S.; Ghirlanda, G.; Ghisellini, G.; Bernardini, M. G.; Calderone, G.; D'Avanzo, P.; Fugazza, D.; Sbarufatti, B.; Tagliaferri, G.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, Italy. [Nava, L.] Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Inst Rech Lois Fondamentales Univers, Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies,CNRS IN2P3,A, Paris, France. [Mundell, C. G.; Kobayashi, S.; Virgili, F.; Bersier, D.; Harrison, R.; Steele, I.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Liverpool L3 5RF, Merseyside, England. [Kawai, N.; Saito, Y.; Yatsu, Y.; Yoshii, T.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.; Serino, M.] RIKEN, Coordinated Space Observat & Expt Res Grp, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Cummings, J. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Evans, P. A.; Beardmore, A.; O'Brien, P.; Osborne, J. P.; Pagani, C.; Page, K. L.; Tanvir, N.; Wiersema, K.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Guidorzi, C.] Univ Ferrara, Dept Phys, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy. [Kuin, P.; Oates, S.; De Pasquale, M.; Page, M.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Mangano, V.; Zhang, B. -B.; Burrows, D.; Kennea, J.; Nousek, J.; Pritchard, T.; Sbarufatti, B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sakamoto, T.] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525258, Japan. [Barthelmy, S.; Gehrels, N.; Marshall, F.; Weigand, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Calderone, G.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis G Occhialini, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Chiang, J.; Vianello, G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chiang, J.; Vianello, G.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [D'Elia, V.; Perri, M.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy. [D'Elia, V.; Perri, M.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Gomboc, A.; Japelj, J.; Kopac, D.] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Math & Phys, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Gomboc, A.] Ctr Excellence Space Si, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Hanayama, H.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Ishigakijima Astron Observ, Ishigaki, Okinawa 9070024, Japan. [Kouveliotou, C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, VP62, Space Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Kuroda, D.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Okayama Astrophys Observ, Asaguchi, Okayama 7190232, Japan. [Levan, A.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Malesani, D.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr DARK, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Salvaterra, R.] INAF IASF Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Maselli, A (reprint author), Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm IASF Palermo, INAF, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. EM maselli@ifc.inaf.it RI Zhang, Binbin/C-9035-2013; Serino, Motoko/D-3890-2017; OI Salvaterra, Ruben/0000-0002-9393-8078; Sbarufatti, Boris/0000-0001-6620-8347; Zhang, Binbin/0000-0003-2002-116X; La Parola, Valentina/0000-0002-8087-6488; Campana, Sergio/0000-0001-6278-1576; D'Elia, Valerio/0000-0002-7320-5862; Cusumano, Giancarlo/0000-0002-8151-1990; Perri, Matteo/0000-0003-3613-4409; Ghirlanda, Giancarlo/0000-0001-5876-9259; Ghisellini, Gabriele/0000-0002-0037-1974; Covino, Stefano/0000-0001-9078-5507; Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723 FU ASI [I/004/11/0]; Progetto di Ricerca di Interesse Nazionale (PRIN)-Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR) [2009ERC3HT]; NASA [NNX10AF62G]; Astrophysics Theory Program; NSF [AST-1009863]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT) [14GS0211, 19047001, 19047003, 24740186]; UK Space Agency; Royal Society; Wolfson Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Slovenian Research Agency; Centre of Excellence for Space Sciences and Technologies SPACE-SI; European Union; European Regional Development Fund; Republic of Slovenia; Danish National Research FX This work has been supported by ASI grant I/004/11/0 and by Progetto di Ricerca di Interesse Nazionale (PRIN)-Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR) grant 2009ERC3HT. Development of the BOXFIT code (25) was supported in part by NASA through grant NNX10AF62G issued through the Astrophysics Theory Program and by the NSF through grant AST-1009863. This research was partially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT), grants-in-aid 14GS0211, 19047001, 19047003, and 24740186. The Liverpool Telescope is operated by Liverpool John Moores University at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. The Faulkes Telescopes, now owned by Las Cumbres Observatory, are operated with support from the Dill Faulkes Educational Trust. Swift support at the University of Leicester and the Mullard Space Science Laboratory is funded by the UK Space Agency. C. G. M. acknowledges financial support from the Royal Society, the Wolfson Foundation, and the Science and Technology Facilities Council. A. G. acknowledges funding from the Slovenian Research Agency and from the Centre of Excellence for Space Sciences and Technologies SPACE-SI, an operation partly financed by the European Union, European Regional Development Fund, and Republic of Slovenia. DARK is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation. NR 30 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 3 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6166 BP 48 EP 51 DI 10.1126/science.1242279 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 282HR UT WOS:000329162000043 PM 24263134 ER PT J AU Preece, R Burgess, JM von Kienlin, A Bhat, PN Briggs, MS Byrne, D Chaplin, V Cleveland, W Collazzi, AC Connaughton, V Diekmann, A Fitzpatrick, G Foley, S Gibby, M Giles, M Goldstein, A Greiner, J Gruber, D Jenke, P Kippen, RM Kouveliotou, C McBreen, S Meegan, C Paciesas, WS Pelassa, V Tierney, D van der Horst, AJ Wilson-Hodge, C Xiong, S Younes, G Yu, HF Ackermann, M Ajello, M Axelsson, M Baldini, L Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Bellazzini, R Bissaldi, E Bonamente, E Bregeon, J Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Cecchi, C Charles, E Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Conrad, J D'Ammando, F de Angelis, A de Palma, F Dermer, CD Desiante, R Digel, SW Di Venere, L Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Favuzzi, C Franckowiak, A Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Godfrey, G Granot, J Grenier, IA Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Iyyani, S Jogler, T Joannesson, G Kawano, T Knodlseder, J Kocevski, D Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Monzani, ME Moretti, E Morselli, A Murgia, S Nemmen, R Nuss, E Nymark, T Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Orienti, M Paneque, D Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Racusin, JL Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Ritz, S Roth, M Ryde, F Sartori, A Scargle, JD Schulz, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spandre, G Spinelli, P Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Thayer, JG Thayer, JB Tibaldo, L Tinivella, M Torres, DF Tosti, G Troja, E Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vianello, G Vitale, V Werner, M Winer, BL Wood, KS Zhu, S AF Preece, R. Burgess, J. Michael von Kienlin, A. Bhat, P. N. Briggs, M. S. Byrne, D. Chaplin, V. Cleveland, W. Collazzi, A. C. Connaughton, V. Diekmann, A. Fitzpatrick, G. Foley, S. Gibby, M. Giles, M. Goldstein, A. Greiner, J. Gruber, D. Jenke, P. Kippen, R. M. Kouveliotou, C. McBreen, S. Meegan, C. Paciesas, W. S. Pelassa, V. Tierney, D. van der Horst, A. J. Wilson-Hodge, C. Xiong, S. Younes, G. Yu, H. -F. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Bonamente, E. Bregeon, J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. D'Ammando, F. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. Desiante, R. Digel, S. W. Di Venere, L. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Favuzzi, C. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Godfrey, G. Granot, J. Grenier, I. A. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Iyyani, S. Jogler, T. Joannesson, G. Kawano, T. Knoedlseder, J. Kocevski, D. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M. E. Moretti, E. Morselli, A. Murgia, S. Nemmen, R. Nuss, E. Nymark, T. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Paneque, D. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Racusin, J. L. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Ritz, S. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sartori, A. Scargle, J. D. Schulz, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Tibaldo, L. Tinivella, M. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vianello, G. Vitale, V. Werner, M. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Zhu, S. TI The First Pulse of the Extremely Bright GRB 130427A: A Test Lab for Synchrotron Shocks SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; BATSE OBSERVATIONS; PROMPT EMISSION; PEAK ENERGY; COMPONENT; SPECTRA AB Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130427A is one of the most energetic GRBs ever observed. The initial pulse up to 2.5 seconds is possibly the brightest well-isolated pulse observed to date. A fine time resolution spectral analysis shows power-law decays of the peak energy from the onset of the pulse, consistent with models of internal synchrotron shock pulses. However, a strongly correlated power-law behavior is observed between the luminosity and the spectral peak energy that is inconsistent with curvature effects arising in the relativistic outflow. It is difficult for any of the existing models to account for all of the observed spectral and temporal behaviors simultaneously. C1 [Preece, R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Burgess, J. Michael; Bhat, P. N.; Briggs, M. S.; Chaplin, V.; Connaughton, V.; Jenke, P.; Meegan, C.; Pelassa, V.; Xiong, S.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [von Kienlin, A.; Foley, S.; Greiner, J.; Gruber, D.; McBreen, S.; Yu, H. -F.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Byrne, D.; Fitzpatrick, G.; Foley, S.; McBreen, S.; Tierney, D.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Cleveland, W.; Paciesas, W. S.; Younes, G.] USRA, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Collazzi, A. C.; Goldstein, A.; Kouveliotou, C.; Wilson-Hodge, C.; Younes, G.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Diekmann, A.; Gibby, M.; Giles, M.] Jacobs Technol, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Kippen, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [van der Horst, A. J.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Ackermann, M.; Buehler, R.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Axelsson, M.; Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Iyyani, S.; Larsson, J.; Larsson, S.; Moretti, E.; Nymark, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Iyyani, S.; Larsson, J.; Moretti, E.; Nymark, T.; Ryde, F.] AlbaNova, Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Desiante, R.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Chiaro, G.; Pivato, G.; Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.; Tinivella, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Bissaldi, E.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, Inst CiEncies Espai IEEE, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Di Venere, L.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Franckowiak, A.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Jogler, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Murgia, S.; Okumura, A.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Di Venere, L.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Franckowiak, A.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Jogler, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Murgia, S.; Okumura, A.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.; Sartori, A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Chekhtman, A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ciprini, S.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Ciprini, S.] Osserv Astron Roma, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Iyyani, S.; Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dermer, C. D.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Kawano, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.; Guiriec, S.; Harding, A. K.; Nemmen, R.; Perkins, J. S.; Racusin, J. L.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Granot, J.] Open Univ Israel, Dept Nat Sci, IL-43537 Raanana, Israel. [Grenier, I. A.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA IRFU CNRS, Lab AIM, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Hayashida, M.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Joannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Knoedlseder, J.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Knoedlseder, J.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, GAHEC, Toulouse, France. [Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ohno, M.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Okumura, A.; Tajima, H.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Razzaque, S.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Phys, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. [Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Troja, E.; Zhu, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Troja, E.; Zhu, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vianello, G.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Preece, R (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM preecer@uah.edu; James.Burgess@uah.edu; azk@mpe.mpg.de; charles.dermer@nrl.navy.mil; nicola.omodei@stanford.edu RI Di Venere, Leonardo/C-7619-2017; Iyyani, Shabnam/D-8736-2017; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nemmen, Rodrigo/O-6841-2014; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI Moretti, Elena/0000-0001-5477-9097; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Di Venere, Leonardo/0000-0003-0703-824X; Iyyani, Shabnam/0000-0002-2525-3464; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Burgess, James/0000-0003-3345-9515; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; /0000-0003-0065-2933; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852 NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 3 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6166 BP 51 EP 54 DI 10.1126/science.1242302 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 282HR UT WOS:000329162000044 PM 24263132 ER PT J AU Quattrochi, DA Lula, K Haynes, J Estes, S AF Quattrochi, Dale A. Lula, Kamlesh Haynes, John Estes, Sue TI Special issue on NASA earth science satellite data for application to public health SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Quattrochi, Dale A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Lula, Kamlesh] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Haynes, John] NASA, Air Qual & Publ Hlth Applicat Program, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Estes, Sue] Univ Space Res Assoc, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Quattrochi, DA (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. EM dale.quattrochi@nasa.gov; drlulla.geocarto@gmail.com; jhaynes@nasa.gov; sue.m.estes@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-6049 EI 1752-0762 J9 GEOCARTO INT JI Geocarto Int. PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1080/10106049.2014.885324 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AG0FB UT WOS:000335089600001 ER PT J AU Ceccato, P Trzaska, S Garcia-Pando, CP Kalashnikova, O del Corral, J Cousin, R Blumenthal, MB Bell, M Connor, SJ Thomson, MC AF Ceccato, Pietro Trzaska, Sylwia Garcia-Pando, Carlos Perez Kalashnikova, Olga del Corral, John Cousin, Remi Blumenthal, M. Benno Bell, Michael Connor, Stephen J. Thomson, Madeleine C. TI Improving decision-making activities for meningitis and malaria SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE meningitis; malaria; dust; remote sensing; air temperature; vectorial capacity model ID SATELLITE RAINFALL PRODUCTS; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; CLIMATE DATA; AFRICA; MODEL; RISK; VALIDATION; EPIDEMICS; SCALES AB Public health professionals are increasingly concerned about the potential impact that climate variability and change can have on infectious disease. The International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) is developing new products to increase the public health community's capacity to understand, use and demand the appropriate climate data and climate information to mitigate the public health impacts of climate on infectious disease, in particular meningitis and malaria. In this paper, we present the new and improved products that have been developed for: (i) estimating dust aerosol for forecasting risks of meningitis and (ii) for monitoring temperature and rainfall and integrating them into a vectorial capacity model for forecasting risks of malaria epidemics. We also present how the products have been integrated into a knowledge system (IRI Data Library Map Room, SERVIR) to support the use of climate and environmental information in climate-sensitive health decision-making. C1 [Ceccato, Pietro; Garcia-Pando, Carlos Perez; del Corral, John; Cousin, Remi; Blumenthal, M. Benno; Bell, Michael; Thomson, Madeleine C.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Trzaska, Sylwia] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, CIESIN, Palisades, NY USA. [Garcia-Pando, Carlos Perez] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Kalashnikova, Olga] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Connor, Stephen J.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Thomson, Madeleine C.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY USA. RP Ceccato, P (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM pceccato@iri.columbia.edu OI Perez Garcia-Pando, Carlos/0000-0002-4456-0697 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA050AR4311004]; ROSES FEASIBILITY project from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX11AF68G] FX The Data Library capacity to serve the needs of the health community has been supported with funding from a cooperative agreement (NA050AR4311004) from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and ROSES FEASIBILITY project (NNX11AF68G) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their relevant comments. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-6049 EI 1752-0762 J9 GEOCARTO INT JI Geocarto Int. PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 SI SI BP 19 EP 38 DI 10.1080/10106049.2013.827749 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AG0FB UT WOS:000335089600004 ER PT J AU Soebiyanto, RP Kiang, R AF Soebiyanto, Radina P. Kiang, Richard TI Meteorological parameters as predictors for seasonal influenza SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE TRMM; MODIS; influenza; neural network; ARIMA; public health ID VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; TEMPERATURE; HUMIDITY; TROPICS AB Seasonal influenza causes 5 million severe illnesses and 500,000 deaths annually worldwide. Among the factors that have been linked to influenza transmission are meteorological parameters, especially temperature and humidity. Low temperature and humidity have been associated with influenza seasonality in the temperate regions, whereas the tropics typically observe higher influenza transmission during rainy season. In this study, we assessed the role of meteorological factors on influenza transmission using both satellite-derived and ground station data for temperate and sub-tropical regions. Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average and Neural Network were employed to assess the meteorological indicators and for forecasting. Our findings show that measures of temperature, humidity, rainfall and solar radiation can be used as indicators to forecast influenza. We also found that rainfall can be used as a predictor for sub-tropical region, but not in all temperate regions. Overall, our models can predict the timing of influenza peak. C1 [Soebiyanto, Radina P.] Univ Space Res Assoc, GESTAR, Columbia, MD USA. [Soebiyanto, Radina P.; Kiang, Richard] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kiang, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM richard.kiang@nasa.gov FU NASA Applied Sciences Public Health Application Program FX The authors would like to thank NASA Applied Sciences Public Health Application Program for supporting this study. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-6049 EI 1752-0762 J9 GEOCARTO INT JI Geocarto Int. PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 SI SI BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1080/10106049.2013.799717 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AG0FB UT WOS:000335089600005 ER PT J AU Puttaswamy, SJ Nguyen, HM Braverman, A Hu, XF Liu, Y AF Puttaswamy, Sweta Jinnagara Nguyen, Hai M. Braverman, Amy Hu, Xuefei Liu, Yang TI Statistical data fusion of multi-sensor AOD over the Continental United States SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE aerosol optical depth; GOES; MODIS; data fusion; AERONET; universal kriging ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-THICKNESS; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; GROUND-LEVEL PM2.5; NUMERICAL-MODELS; DEPTH RETRIEVALS; SPATIAL DATA; TIME-SERIES; MODIS; INTERPOLATION AB This article illustrates two techniques for merging daily aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements from satellite and ground-based data sources to achieve optimal data quality and spatial coverage. The first technique is a traditional Universal Kriging (UK) approach employed to predict AOD from multi-sensor aerosol products that are aggregated on a reference grid with AERONET as ground truth. The second technique is spatial statistical data fusion (SSDF); a method designed for massive satellite data interpolation. Traditional kriging has computational complexity O(N-3), making it impractical for large datasets. Our version of UK accommodates massive data inputs by performing kriging locally, while SSDF accommodates massive data inputs by modelling their covariance structure with a low-rank linear model. In this study, we use aerosol data products from two satellite instruments: the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer and the geostationary operational environmental satellite, covering the Continental United States. C1 [Puttaswamy, Sweta Jinnagara; Hu, Xuefei; Liu, Yang] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Nguyen, Hai M.; Braverman, Amy] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM yang.liu@emory.edu FU NASA Applied Sciences Program [NNX09AT52G] FX We thank the (PI investigators) and their staff for establishing and maintaining the sites used in this investigation within the Continental United States. The work of Jinnagara Puttaswamy, Hu and Liu were supported by the NASA Applied Sciences Program managed by John Haynes and Sue Estes (grant no. NNX09AT52G). NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-6049 EI 1752-0762 J9 GEOCARTO INT JI Geocarto Int. PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 SI SI BP 48 EP 64 DI 10.1080/10106049.2013.827750 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AG0FB UT WOS:000335089600006 ER PT J AU Al-Hamdan, MZ Crosson, WL Economou, SA Estes, MG Estes, SM Hemmings, SN Kent, ST Puckett, M Quattrochi, DA Rickman, DL Wade, GM McClure, LA AF Al-Hamdan, Mohammad Z. Crosson, William L. Economou, Sigrid A. Estes, Maurice G., Jr. Estes, Sue M. Hemmings, Sarah N. Kent, Shia T. Puckett, Mark Quattrochi, Dale A. Rickman, Douglas L. Wade, Gina M. McClure, Leslie A. TI Environmental public health applications using remotely sensed data SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE public health; remote sensing; heat; fine particulates; GIS; insolation ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-THICKNESS; GROUND-LEVEL PM2.5; AIR-POLLUTION EXPOSURE; PARTICULATE MATTER; UNITED-STATES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE; BRAIN INFLAMMATION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; QUALITY AB We describe a remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS)-based study that has three objectives: (1) characterize fine particulate matter (PM2.5), insolation and land surface temperature (LST) using NASA satellite observations, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ground-level monitor data and North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) data products on a national scale; (2) link these data with public health data from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) national cohort study to determine whether these environmental risk factors are related to cognitive decline, stroke and other health outcomes and (3) disseminate the environmental datasets and public health linkage analyses to end users for decision-making through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) system. This study directly addresses a public health focus of the NASA Applied Sciences Program, utilization of Earth Sciences products, by addressing issues of environmental health to enhance public health decision-making. C1 [Al-Hamdan, Mohammad Z.; Crosson, William L.; Estes, Maurice G., Jr.; Estes, Sue M.; Hemmings, Sarah N.; Wade, Gina M.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Economou, Sigrid A.; Puckett, Mark] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kent, Shia T.; McClure, Leslie A.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Quattrochi, Dale A.; Rickman, Douglas L.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Wade, Gina M.] Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Von Braun Ctr Sci & Innovat, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Al-Hamdan, MZ (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM mohammad.alhamdan@nasa.gov RI McClure, Leslie/P-2929-2015; OI Rickman, Doug/0000-0003-3409-2882 FU NASA Applied Sciences Public Health Program; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH FX The authors acknowledge the generous support of the NASA Applied Sciences Public Health Program and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH. The authors would like to also thank Mr. Matthew S. Loop from the UAB School of Public Health for his assistance with the preparation of Figure 7. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-6049 EI 1752-0762 J9 GEOCARTO INT JI Geocarto Int. PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 SI SI BP 85 EP 98 DI 10.1080/10106049.2012.715209 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AG0FB UT WOS:000335089600008 PM 24910505 ER PT J AU Li, WW Goodchild, MF Raskin, R AF Li, Wenwen Goodchild, Michael F. Raskin, Robert TI Towards geospatial semantic search: exploiting latent semantic relations in geospatial data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH LA English DT Article DE ontology; geospatial semantics; search engine; Digital Earth; similarity; search effectiveness ID SERVICE; WEB; INFORMATION; ALGORITHM; EARTH AB This paper reports our efforts to address the grand challenge of the Digital Earth vision in terms of intelligent data discovery from vast quantities of geo-referenced data. We propose an algorithm combining LSA and a Two-Tier Ranking (LSATTR) algorithm based on revised cosine similarity to build a more efficient search engine - Semantic Indexing and Ranking (SIR) - for a semantic-enabled, more effective data discovery. In addition to its ability to handle subject-based search, we propose a mechanism to combine geospatial taxonomy and Yahoo! GeoPlanet for automatic identification of location information from a spatial query and automatic filtering of datasets that are not spatially related. The metadata set, in the format of ISO19115, from NASA's SEDAC (Socio-Economic Data Application Center) is used as the corpus of SIR. Results show that our semantic search engine SIR built on LSATTR methods outperforms existing keyword-matching techniques, such as Lucene, in terms of both recall and precision. Moreover, the semantic associations among all existing words in the corpus are discovered. These associations provide substantial support for automating the population of spatial ontologies. We expect this work to support the operationalization of the Digital Earth vision by advancing the semantic-based geospatial data discovery. C1 [Li, Wenwen] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, GeoDa Ctr Geospatial Anal & Computat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Goodchild, Michael F.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Spatial Studies Spatial UCSB, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Raskin, Robert] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Li, WW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, GeoDa Ctr Geospatial Anal & Computat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM wenwen@spatial.ucsb.edu RI Li, Wenwen/I-8671-2016 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1753-8947 EI 1753-8955 J9 INT J DIGIT EARTH JI Int. J. Digit. Earth PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 17 EP 37 DI 10.1080/17538947.2012.674561 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 291JD UT WOS:000329824100003 ER PT J AU Parker, PA AF Parker, Peter A. TI Discussion of "Reliability Meets Big Data: Opportunities and Challenges" SO QUALITY ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Parker, Peter A.] NASA, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Parker, PA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 238, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM peter.a.parker@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0898-2112 EI 1532-4222 J9 QUAL ENG JI Qual. Eng. PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 117 EP 120 DI 10.1080/08982112.2014.846122 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 278GR UT WOS:000328877700016 ER PT J AU Hughes, JS Crichton, D Hardman, S Law, E Joyner, R Ramirez, P AF Hughes, John S. Crichton, Daniel Hardman, Sean Law, Emily Joyner, Ronald Ramirez, Paul GP IEEE TI PDS4: A Model-Driven Planetary Science Data Architecture for Long-Term Preservation SO 2014 IEEE 30TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA ENGINEERING WORKSHOPS (ICDEW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 30th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE) CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, Microsoft, Qatar Comp Res Inst, HERE Nokia, Purdue Univ, Cyber Ctr, NW Univ, McCormick Sch Engn, Google AB The goal of the Planetary Data System (PDS) is the digital preservation of scientific data for long-term use by the scientific research community. After two decades of successful operation, the PDS found itself in a new era of big data, international cooperation, distributed nodes, and multiple ways of analysing and interpreting data. A project was formed to develop a disciplined architectural approach that would drive the design and implementation of a scalable data system that could evolve to meet the demands of this new era. PDS4, the next generation system, uses an explicit model-driven architectural approach coupled with modern information technologies and standards to meet these challenges in order to ensure the planetary data assets can be mined for scientific knowledge for years to come. C1 [Hughes, John S.; Crichton, Daniel; Hardman, Sean; Law, Emily; Joyner, Ronald; Ramirez, Paul] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hughes, JS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM John.S.Hughes@jpl.nasa.gov; Daniel.J.Crichton@jpl.nasa.gov; Sean.H.Hardman@jpl.nasa.gov; Emily.S.Law@jpl.nasa.gov; Ronald.Joyner@jpl.nasa.gov; Paul.M.Ramirez@jpl.nasa.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3481-2 PY 2014 BP 134 EP 141 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BE0JN UT WOS:000366168000021 ER PT S AU Bandyopadhyay, S Chung, SJ Hadaegh, FY AF Bandyopadhyay, Saptarshi Chung, Soon-Jo Hadaegh, Fred Y. GP IEEE TI Probabilistic Swarm Guidance using Optimal Transport SO 2014 IEEE CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA) SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Control Applications (CCA) CY OCT 08-10, 2014 CL Nice, FRANCE SP IEEE ID NETWORKS; AGENTS AB Probabilistic swarm guidance enables autonomous agents to generate their individual trajectories independently so that the entire swarm converges to the desired distribution shape. In contrast with previous homogeneous or inhomogeneous Markov chain based approaches [1], this paper presents an optimal transport based approach which guarantees faster convergence, minimizes a given cost function, and reduces the number of transitions for achieving the desired formation. Each agent first estimates the current swarm distribution by communicating with neighboring agents and using a consensus algorithm and then solves the optimal transport problem, which is recast as a linear program, to determine its transition probabilities. We discuss methods for handling motion constraints and also demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm by numerically comparing it with existing Markov chain based strategies. C1 [Bandyopadhyay, Saptarshi; Chung, Soon-Jo] UIUC, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bandyopadhyay, Saptarshi; Chung, Soon-Jo] UIUC, Coordinated Sci Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hadaegh, Fred Y.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, S (reprint author), UIUC, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bandyop2@illinois.edu; sjchung@illinois.edu; fred.y.hadaegh@jpl.nasa.gov OI Chung, Soon-Jo/0000-0002-6657-3907 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4799-7409-2 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2014 BP 498 EP 505 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BE0HO UT WOS:000366055800076 ER PT S AU Smith, AP Crespo, LG Munoz, CA Lowenberg, MH AF Smith, Andrew P. Crespo, Luis G. Munoz, Cesar A. Lowenberg, Mark H. GP IEEE TI Bifurcation Analysis Using Rigorous Branch and Bound Methods SO 2014 IEEE CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA) SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Control Applications (CCA) CY OCT 08-10, 2014 CL Nice, FRANCE SP IEEE ID POLYNOMIALS AB For the study of nonlinear dynamic systems, it is important to locate the equilibria and bifurcations occurring within a specified computational domain. This paper proposes a new approach for solving these problems and compares it to the numerical continuation method. The new approach is based upon branch and bound and utilizes rigorous enclosure techniques to yield outer bounding sets of both the equilibrium and local bifurcation manifolds. These sets, which comprise the union of hyper-rectangles, can be made to be as tight as desired. Sufficient conditions for the existence of equilibrium and bifurcation points taking the form of algebraic inequality constraints in the state-parameter space are used to calculate their enclosures directly. The enclosures for the bifurcation sets can be computed independently of the equilibrium manifold, and are guaranteed to contain all solutions within the computational domain. A further advantage of this method is the ability to compute a near-maximally sized hyper-rectangle of high dimension centered at a fixed parameter-state point whose elements are guaranteed to exclude all bifurcation points. This hyper-rectangle, which requires a global description of the bifurcation manifold within the computational domain, cannot be obtained otherwise. A test case, based on the dynamics of a UAV subject to uncertain center of gravity location, is used to illustrate the efficacy of the method by comparing it with numerical continuation and to evaluate its computational complexity. C1 [Smith, Andrew P.; Crespo, Luis G.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Munoz, Cesar A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Lowenberg, Mark H.] Univ Bristol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. RP Smith, AP (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM andrew.smith@nianet.org; luis.g.crespo@nasa.gov; cesar.a.munoz@nasa.gov; m.lowenberg@bristol.ac.uk NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4799-7409-2 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2014 BP 2095 EP 2100 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BE0HO UT WOS:000366055800293 ER PT J AU Vakilinia, K Divsalar, D Wesel, RD AF Vakilinia, Kasra Divsalar, Dariush Wesel, Richard D. GP IEEE TI Optimized Degree Distributions for Binary and Non-Binary LDPC Codes in Flash Memory SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY AND ITS APPLICATIONS (ISITA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Information Theory and its Applications (ISITA) CY OCT 26-29, 2014 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Res Soc Informat Theory & Applicat, Engn Sci Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc, Monash Univ, Melbourne Convent Bur, KDDI Fdn, Support Ctr Adv Telecommunicat Technol Res ID DESIGN AB This paper uses extrinsic-information-transfer (EXIT)-function analysis employing the reciprocal channel approximation (RCA) to obtain optimal LDPC code degree distributions for initial hard decoding (one-bit quantization of the channel output) and for decoding with the soft information provided by additional reads in both SLC (two-level cell) and MLC (four-level-cell) Flash memory. These results indicate that design for hard decoding can provide irregular degree distributions that have good thresholds across the range of possible decoding precisions. These results also quantify the potential benefit of irregular LDPC codes as compared to regular LDPC codes in the flash setting and compare the RCA-EXIT thresholds of word-line voltages optimized for maximum mutual information (MMI) and word-line voltages that explicitly minimize the RCA-EXIT threshold of a specific LDPC degree distribution. Along the way, this paper illustrates that the MMI optimization of word-line voltages for five reads is a quasi-convex problem for the Gaussian model of SLC Flash. The paper also uses RCA-based EXIT analysis to show that for the same spectral efficiency of 0.9 bits per cell, rate-0.45 non-binary LDPC codes on MLC Flash systems provide thresholds more than 0.5 dB better than rate-0.9 binary LDPC codes on SLC Flash with the same number of reads (i.e. three reads that would provide hard decisions for MLC and limited soft information for SLC). The MLC approach has a potential threshold improvement of more than 1.5 dB over the SLC approach when both systems have access to the full soft information. C1 [Vakilinia, Kasra; Wesel, Richard D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Divsalar, Dariush] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Vakilinia, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-4-88552-292-5 PY 2014 BP 6 EP 10 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE0HL UT WOS:000366046700002 ER PT J AU Klankowski, SA Pandey, GP Cruden, BA Liu, JW Wu, J Rojeski, RA Li, J AF Klankowski, Steven A. Pandey, Gaind P. Cruden, Brett A. Liu, Jianwei Wu, Judy Rojeski, Ronald A. Li, Jun GP IEEE TI High-Rate Lithium-ion Battery Anodes Based on Silicon-Coated Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers SO 2014 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 14-21, 2014 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE ID CORE-SHELL NANOWIRES; CAPACITY AB A multiscale hierarchical lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode composed of Si shells coaxially coated on vertically aligned carbon nanofibers has been explored. A high Li storage capacity of similar to 3,000-3,500 mAh ((gsi))(-1) and > 99% Coulombic efficiency have been obtained. Remarkable stability over 500 charge-discharge cycles have been demonstrated. Particularly, this electrode present a high-rate capability that the capacity remains within similar to 7% as the C-rate was increased from similar to C/10 to similar to 8C. Electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the electrode structure remains stable during long cycling. This high-rate property is likely associated with the unique nanocolumnar microstructure of Si in the shell. It reveals an exciting potential to develop high-performance LIBs. C1 [Klankowski, Steven A.; Pandey, Gaind P.; Li, Jun] Kansas State Univ, Chem 1Dept, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Liu, Jianwei; Wu, Judy] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Cruden, Brett A.] NASA, Ames Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rojeski, Ronald A.] Catalyst Power Technol, Campbell, CA 95008 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Chem 1Dept, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM junli@ksu.edu OI Pandey, Gaind P./0000-0002-5933-1264 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5622-7 PY 2014 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD9ZF UT WOS:000365620600006 ER PT J AU Han, JW Meyyappan, M AF Han, Jin-Woo Meyyappan, M. GP IEEE TI Nanoscale Vacuum Channel Transistor SO 2014 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 14-21, 2014 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE DE vacuum tube; nanoscale; vacuum channel transistor; silicon process; field emission AB Despite of high gain, fast speed, and superior distortion immunity, vacuum electronic devices have been replaced by solid-state devices such as transistors due to their poor reliability and high power consumption. Such constraints mostly appear as it is bulky and discrete. The weaknesses of the traditional vacuum tubes are solved if the vacuum tubes are made by silicon nanofabrication technologies and the operation mechanism is shifted from thermionic emission into field emission. In this work, sub 100-nm vacuum tubes are fabricated by using conventional silicon process. The gap formation methods beyond sub-lithographic limit are suggested and its current-voltage characteristics are presented. C1 [Han, Jin-Woo; Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Han, JW (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jin-woo.han@nasa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5622-7 PY 2014 BP 172 EP 175 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD9ZF UT WOS:000365620600039 ER PT J AU Kim, K Park, C Rim, T Meyyappan, M Lee, JS AF Kim, Kihyun Park, Chanoh Rim, Taiuk Meyyappan, M. Lee, Jeong-Soo GP IEEE TI Electrical and pH Sensing Characteristics of Si Nanowire-Based Suspended FET Biosensors SO 2014 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 14-21, 2014 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ELECTRODE; NOISE; LAYER AB The dependence of nanowire width on the stiction-free structure and the influence of stiction on the electrical performance in the suspended nanowire (NW-SUS) ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) are investigated. The NW-SUS ISFETs without stiction are successfully fabricated using advanced microfabrication technology. The stiction-free NW-SUS ISFETs exhibit excellent electrical characteristics due to gate-all-around (GAA) structure. Furthermore, the stiction-free NW-SUS ISFETs show higher sensitivity in pH sensing, compared to the conventional devices. These investigations provide an opportunity for developing sensor platform with high sensitivity in the future. C1 [Kim, Kihyun; Lee, Jeong-Soo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Park, Chanoh] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Div IT Convergence Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Rim, Taiuk] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Creat IT Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Rim, Taiuk] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Future IT Innovat Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kim, K (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM khkim85@postech.ac.kr; chduckling@postech.ac.kr; hacle@postech.ac.kr; m.meyyappan@nasa.gov; ljs6951@postech.ac.kr NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5622-7 PY 2014 BP 768 EP 771 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD9ZF UT WOS:000365620600176 ER PT J AU Rim, T Kim, S Kim, K Hong, N Lee, JS Jeong, YH Meyyappan, M Baek, CK AF Rim, Taiuk Kim, Sungho Kim, Kihyun Hong, Nanki Lee, Jeong-Soo Jeong, Yoon-Ha Meyyappan, M. Baek, Chang-Ki GP IEEE TI Noise Consideration for Cancer Marker Detection using Nanowire SO 2014 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 14-21, 2014 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SILICON NANOWIRE; ELECTRODE AB In this paper, a method to extract the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is proposed for the Si nanowire (Si-NW) biologically-active field-effect transistors (BioFETs). We have fabricated the devices using CMOS compatible process and demonstrated specific alpha fetoprotein (AFP) detection using the monoclonal antibody of AFP. The low-frequency noise was measured to calculate the parameter. Using our method, we calculated the noise equivalent voltage and calculated the SNR. The Si-NW BioFET showed a SNR of 15.1dB. These parameters are useful indicators to evaluate FET-type sensor devices. C1 [Rim, Taiuk; Meyyappan, M.; Baek, Chang-Ki] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Creat IT Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Rim, Taiuk; Meyyappan, M.; Baek, Chang-Ki] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, POSTECH Future IT Innovat Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Kim, Sungho; Kim, Kihyun; Hong, Nanki; Lee, Jeong-Soo; Jeong, Yoon-Ha] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Baek, CK (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Creat IT Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM hacle@postech.ac.kr; baekck@postech.ac.kr NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5622-7 PY 2014 BP 772 EP 775 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD9ZF UT WOS:000365620600177 ER PT J AU Ido, HK AF Ido, Haisam K. GP IEEE TI A Unified Situational Awareness Dashboard for Spacecraft Operations an integrated, fleet centric, cloud computing based solution SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPACE MISSION CHALLENGES FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SMC-IT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology ((SMC-IT) CY SEP 24-26, 2014 CL Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn HO Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab DE NASA; GSFC; SSMO; situational awareness; dashboard; timeline; cloud computing; cloud services; RESTful web service API; open source; GovCloud; AWS; node.js; html5 AB Many space agencies, centers, and organizations separate spacecraft operations into mission-specific operations centers. While this separation has advantages, it poses significant challenges when technical staff, and leadership wish to view, and evaluate historical, current, and future state of the fleet, rather than a single spacecraft. To overcome this disadvantage of this approach it was determined necessary to develop a secure rich web application, which integrates disparate data sets, into a unified situational awareness dashboard. To facilitate the rapid design, development, integration, testing, and deployment of this dashboard, an existing cloud computing platform was utilized. In addition, an open source operating system, computing languages, and version control system were used, to control cost. Five virtual machine instances were deployed on a government certified public cloud computing provider. One instance securely receives disparate data, from spacecraft operation centers, then extracts, transforms, normalizes, and loads them onto datastores. Other instances play the roles of an administrative server, an application server, and a web server that securely provides the data visually, and as a RESTful web service API, only to specific IP addresses, and to authenticated and authorized users. C1 [Ido, Haisam K.] Honeywell Technol Solut Inc, Syst & Software Engn Ctr Excellence, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Ido, Haisam K.] NASA, Ground Segment Mission Operat GSMO Contract, GSFC, Space Sci Mission Operat, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ido, HK (reprint author), Honeywell Technol Solut Inc, Syst & Software Engn Ctr Excellence, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. EM Haisam.Ido@Honeywell.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5620-3 PY 2014 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1109/SMC-IT.2014.11 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BD9TR UT WOS:000365303400004 ER PT J AU Perdomo-Ortiz, A Flueguemann, J Narasimhan, S Smelyanskiy, VN Biswas, R AF Perdomo-Ortiz, Alejandro Flueguemann, Joseph Narasimhan, Sriram Smelyanskiy, Vadim N. Biswas, Rupak GP IEEE TI A Quantum Approach to Diagnosis of Multiple Faults in Electrical Power Systems SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPACE MISSION CHALLENGES FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SMC-IT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology ((SMC-IT) CY SEP 24-26, 2014 CL Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn HO Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab ID ADIABATIC EVOLUTION; OPTIMIZATION; MODEL AB Diagnosing the minimal set of faults capable of explaining a set of given observations, e.g., from sensor readouts, is a hard combinatorial optimization problem usually tackled with artificial intelligence techniques. We present the mapping of this combinatorial problem to quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO), and some preliminary experimental results of instances embedded onto the 509 qubit NASA-Google-USRA quantum annealer. This is the first application with the route Problem -> QUBO -> Direct embedding into quantum hardware, where we are able to implement and tackle problem instances with sizes that go beyond previously reported toy-model proof-of-principle implementations. We believe that these results represent a significant leap in the solution of problems via direct-embedding quantum optimization. C1 [Perdomo-Ortiz, Alejandro; Flueguemann, Joseph; Narasimhan, Sriram; Smelyanskiy, Vadim N.; Biswas, Rupak] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Perdomo-Ortiz, Alejandro; Narasimhan, Sriram] NASA, Univ Affiliated Res Ctr, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Flueguemann, Joseph] NASA, San Jose State Univ, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Perdomo-Ortiz, A (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM alejandro.perdomoortiz@nasa.gov; joseph.k.fluegemann@nasa.gov; sriram.narasimhan-1@nasa.gov; vadim.n.smelyanskiy@nasa.gov; rupak.biswas@nasa.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5620-3 PY 2014 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1109/SMC-IT.2014.14 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BD9TR UT WOS:000365303400007 ER PT J AU Watney, G Reder, LJ Canham, T AF Watney, Garth Reder, Leonard J. Canham, Timothy GP IEEE TI Modeling for Partitioned and Multi-core Flight Software Systems (Instrument Software Framework) SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPACE MISSION CHALLENGES FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SMC-IT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology ((SMC-IT) CY SEP 24-26, 2014 CL Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn HO Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab DE modeling; SysML; Domain Specific Language; Instrument Software Framework (ISF); partitions; flight software AB This paper presents an approach for modeling component based flight software systems that can be deployed to a wide variety of hardware and operating system configurations. Our focus is deployment to multiple ARINC653 partitions, however, the technique is effective across multiple processors as well. The modeling technique presented is two tiered: first software components are represented in System Modeling Language (SysML) utilizing an off-the-shelf MagicDraw Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tool. A custom plugin is used to produce domain specific XML. Secondly, a Python code generator is used to map the domain specific XML to implementation C++ code. To facilitate the technique a new lite-weight component framework called the Instrument Software Framework (ISF) was developed. Component based software architectures have been shown to improve the quality of flight software systems. The modeling approach using SysML, XML and the ISF is explained. Separation of concerns of the deployment target environment from the component implementation are demonstrated by our technique. The ISF architecture will be described along with an essential Hub Component Design Pattern that enables swappable communication mediums between computing elements. C1 [Watney, Garth; Reder, Leonard J.; Canham, Timothy] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Small Scale Flight Software, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Watney, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Small Scale Flight Software, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Garth.J.Watney@jpl.nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5620-3 PY 2014 BP 54 EP 61 DI 10.1109/SMC-IT.2014.15 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BD9TR UT WOS:000365303400008 ER PT J AU Benowitz, E AF Benowitz, Ed GP IEEE TI The Curiosity Mars Rover's Fault Protection Engine SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPACE MISSION CHALLENGES FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SMC-IT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology ((SMC-IT) CY SEP 24-26, 2014 CL Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn HO Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab DE fault protection; MSL; Curiosity Rover; Mars Science Laboratory; flight software; mars rover AB The Curiosity Rover, currently operating on Mars, contains flight software onboard to autonomously handle aspects of system fault protection. Over 1000 monitors and 39 responses are present in the flight software. Orchestrating these behaviors is the flight software's fault protection engine. In this paper, we discuss the engine's design, responsibilities, and present some lessons learned for future missions. C1 [Benowitz, Ed] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Benowitz, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM eddieb@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5620-3 PY 2014 BP 62 EP 66 DI 10.1109/SMC-IT.2014.16 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BD9TR UT WOS:000365303400009 ER PT B AU Holland, D AF Holland, Dutch BE Larson, JA TI What IEs Need to Know about Change Management SO MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING: A GUIDE TO BEST PRACTICES FOR INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Holland, Dutch] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Holland, D (reprint author), NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7991-0; 978-1-4665-7990-3 PY 2014 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Political Science SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Government & Law GA BD7ST UT WOS:000363524100003 ER PT B AU Brasunas, JC Cushman, GM Lakew, B AF Brasunas, John C. Cushman, G. Mark Lakew, Brook BE Webster, JG Eren, H TI Thickness Measurement SO MEASUREMENT, INSTRUMENTATION, AND SENSORS HANDBOOK: SPATIAL, MECHANICAL, THERMAL, AND RADIATION MEASUREMENT, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Brasunas, John C.; Cushman, G. Mark; Lakew, Brook] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Brasunas, JC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-4889-0; 978-1-4398-4888-3 PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD7IZ UT WOS:000363202800014 ER PT B AU Thiessen, DB Man, KF AF Thiessen, David B. Man, Kin F. BE Webster, JG Eren, H TI Surface Tension Measurement SO MEASUREMENT, INSTRUMENTATION, AND SENSORS HANDBOOK: SPATIAL, MECHANICAL, THERMAL, AND RADIATION MEASUREMENT, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DROP-SHAPE-ANALYSIS; INTERFACIAL-TENSION; AIR INTERFACES; BUBBLE METHOD; TEMPERATURE; AUTOMATION; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS; METALS C1 [Thiessen, David B.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Man, Kin F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Thiessen, DB (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-4889-0; 978-1-4398-4888-3 PY 2014 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD7IZ UT WOS:000363202800048 ER PT J AU Curran, W Agogino, A Tumer, K AF Curran, William Agogino, Adrian Tumer, Kagan BE Igel, C TI Hierarchical Simulation for Complex Domains: Air Traffic Flow Management SO GECCO'14: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2014 GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) CY JUL 12-16, 2014 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Assoc Comp Machinery Special Interest Grp Evolut DE Aerospace Industry; Simulation Optimization; Multi-agent Systems; Co-evolution AB A key element in the continuing growth of air traffic is the increased use of automation. The Next Generation (Next-Gen) Air Traffic System will include automated decision support systems and satellite navigation that will let pilots know the precise locations of other aircraft around them. This Next-Gen suggestion system can assist pilots in making good decisions when they have to direct the aircraft themselves. However, effective automation is critical in achieving the capacity and safety goals of the Next-Gen Air Traffic System. In this paper we show that evolutionary algorithms can be used to achieve this effective automation. However, it is not feasible to use a standard evolutionary algorithm learning approach in such a detailed simulation. Therefore, we apply a hierarchical simulation approach to an air traffic congestion problem where agents must reach a destination while avoiding separation violations. Due to the dynamic nature of this problem, agents need to learn fast. Therefore, we apply low fidelity simulation for agents learning their destination, and a high fidelity simulation employing the Next-Gen technology for learning separation assurance. The hierarchical simulation approach increases convergence rate, leads to a better performing solution, and lowers computational complexity by up to 50 times. C1 [Curran, William; Tumer, Kagan] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Agogino, Adrian] NASA, AMES Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Curran, W (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM curranw@onid.orst.edu; adrian.k.agogino@nasa.gov; kagan.tumer@oregonstate.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-2662-9 PY 2014 BP 1087 EP 1094 DI 10.1145/2576768.2598385 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BD8UR UT WOS:000364333000136 ER PT J AU Yliniemi, L Agogino, A Turner, K AF Yliniemi, Logan Agogino, Adrian Turner, Kagan BE Igel, C TI Evolutionary Agent-Based Simulation of the Introduction of New Technologies in Air Traffic Management SO GECCO'14: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2014 GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) CY JUL 12-16, 2014 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Assoc Comp Machinery Special Interest Grp Evolut DE Performance; Experimentation; Emergent Behavior; Multiagent Learning AB Accurate simulation of the effects of integrating new technologies into a complex system is critical to the modernization of our antiquated air traffic system, where there exist many layers of interacting procedures, controls, and automation all designed to cooperate with human operators. Additions of even simple new technologies may result in unexpected emergent behavior due to complex human/ machine interactions. One approach is to create high- fidelity human models coming from the field of human factors that can simulate a rich set of behaviors. However, such models are difficult to produce, especially to show unexpected emergent behavior coming from many human operators interacting simultaneously within a complex system. Instead of engineering complex human models, we directly model the emergent behavior by evolving goal directed agents, representing human users. Using evolution we can predict how the agent representing the human user reacts given his/ her goals. In this paradigm, each autonomous agent in a system pursues individual goals, and the behavior of the system emerges from the interactions, foreseen or unforeseen, between the agents/ actors. We show that this method reflects the integration of new technologies in a historical case, and apply the same methodology for a possible future technology. C1 [Yliniemi, Logan; Turner, Kagan] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Agogino, Adrian] UCSC, NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Yliniemi, L (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM logan.yliniemi@engr.orst.edu; adrian.k.agogino@nasa.gov; kagan.tumer@oregonstate.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-2662-9 PY 2014 BP 1215 EP 1222 DI 10.1145/2576768.2598388 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BD8UR UT WOS:000364333000152 ER PT S AU Collilieux, X Altamimi, Z Argus, DF Boucher, C Dermanis, A Haines, BJ Herring, TA Kreemer, CW Lemoine, FG Ma, C MacMillan, DS Makinen, J Metivier, L Ries, J Teferle, FN Wu, X AF Collilieux, X. Altamimi, Z. Argus, D. F. Boucher, C. Dermanis, A. Haines, B. J. Herring, T. A. Kreemer, C. W. Lemoine, F. G. Ma, C. MacMillan, D. S. Makinen, J. Metivier, L. Ries, J. Teferle, F. N. Wu, X. BE Rizos, C Willis, P TI External Evaluation of the Terrestrial Reference Frame: Report of the Task Force of the IAG Sub-commission 1.2 SO EARTH ON THE EDGE: SCIENCE FOR A SUSTAINABLE PLANET SE International Association of Geodesy Symposia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAG 25th General Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics (IUGG) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2011 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IAG, Int Union Geodesy & Geophysics, Int Assoc Geodesy ID SEA-LEVEL; ORBIT DETERMINATION; TIDE GAUGES; EARTH; GPS; VELOCITY; JASON-1; SERIES; TOPEX AB Ideally, the origin of the Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) is defined as the center of mass of the whole Earth system, the time evolution of its orientation is such that no global net rotation of the whole Earth's surface is possible and the TRF scale is specified through the adoption of some physical constants and time-scale. These parameters need to be accurately determined since their choice has an influence on many Earth's science applications. The aim of the task force "External evaluation of the Terrestrial Reference Frame" is to review all the applications for which the TRF accuracy is of fundamental importance. As the TRF choice has an influence on the interpretation of the results in these specific applications, we investigate if some evaluation procedures could be established. We classified the methods that allow evaluation of the TRF using ground, geodetic data or models that have not been used in the TRF construction, based on their expected contributions. Some of these methods have been applied to the latest International Terrestrial Reference System realizations and the results are presented here. Although further analysis will be necessary to deliver a more precise error budget, our findings demonstrate that the most recent realizations of the ITRS are more accurate than the previous in terms of origin and scale rate definition. The current level of ITRF2008 accuracy is likely to be at the level of 0.5 mm/year along each origin component and better than 0.3 mm/year in the scale rate according to the most recent studies. C1 [Collilieux, X.; Altamimi, Z.; Metivier, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, IGN, LAREG, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Collilieux, X.; Altamimi, Z.; Metivier, L.] GRGS, Toulouse, France. [Collilieux, X.; Altamimi, Z.; Metivier, L.] Inst Phys Globe Paris, F-75252 Paris, France. [Argus, D. F.; Haines, B. J.; Wu, X.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Boucher, C.] Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Dermanis, A.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Herring, T. A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kreemer, C. W.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kreemer, C. W.] Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Lemoine, F. G.; Ma, C.; MacMillan, D. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Makinen, J.] Finnish Geodet Inst, Masala 02431, Finland. [Ries, J.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Space Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Teferle, F. N.] Univ Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. RP Collilieux, X (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, IGN, LAREG, Batiment Lamarck 5 Rue Thomas Mann, F-75205 Paris 13, France. EM xavier.collilieux@ign.fr NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-642-37222-3 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2014 VL 139 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-37222-3_25 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BD7LI UT WOS:000363263400025 ER PT S AU Willis, P Bock, O Bar-Sever, YE AF Willis, Pascal Bock, Olivier Bar-Sever, Yoaz E. BE Rizos, C Willis, P TI DORIS Tropospheric Estimation at IGN: Current Strategies, GPS Intercomparisons and Perspectives SO EARTH ON THE EDGE: SCIENCE FOR A SUSTAINABLE PLANET SE International Association of Geodesy Symposia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAG 25th General Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics (IUGG) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2011 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IAG, Int Union Geodesy & Geophysics, Int Assoc Geodesy DE DORIS; GPS; Horizontal tropospheric gradients; Zenith tropospheric delay ID TERRESTRIAL REFERENCE FRAME; ORBIT DETERMINATION; TIME-SERIES; PATH DELAY; SATELLITE; MODEL; EARTHQUAKE; GRADIENTS; RECEIVER; NETWORK AB We reprocessed DORIS for all of 2010, using the latest model and strategy improvements to estimate Zenith Tropospheric Delays (ZTDs), as well as tropospheric horizontal gradients for about 60 ground stations. These results were compared to recent GPS-based estimates obtained at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). After discussing some of the data processing options and current limitations of the DORIS data, we show that the DORIS-GPS comparisons possess a high degree of correlation (average being 0.97), and that total zenith delay estimates from the two techniques agree at the 3 mm level on average with 8.6 mm total RMS, with better results being obtained when a 5 degrees elevation cutoff angle is used for DORIS. While these DORIS results cannot be used for real-time weather prediction, they could contribute to scientific investigations for climatology, thanks to the homogenous tracking network of the DORIS system, as well as the long-term history of the observation time series. C1 [Willis, Pascal] Inst Natl Informat Geog & Forestiere IGN, Direct Tech, F-94165 St Mande, France. [Willis, Pascal] PRES Sorbonne Paris Cite, Inst Phys Globe Paris, F-75013 Paris, France. [Bock, Olivier] Inst Natl Informat Geog & Forestiere IGN, LARGE, F-77455 Marne La Vallee, France. [Bar-Sever, Yoaz E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Willis, P (reprint author), Inst Natl Informat Geog & Forestiere IGN, Direct Tech, 2 Ave Pasteur, F-94165 St Mande, France. EM willis@ipgp.fr RI Willis, Pascal/A-8046-2008 OI Willis, Pascal/0000-0002-3257-0679 NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-642-37222-3 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2014 VL 139 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-37222-3_2 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BD7LI UT WOS:000363263400002 ER PT S AU Nastula, J Salstein, DA Gross, R AF Nastula, Jolanta Salstein, David A. Gross, Richard BE Rizos, C Willis, P TI Regional Multi-Fluid-Based Geophysical Excitation of Polar Motion SO EARTH ON THE EDGE: SCIENCE FOR A SUSTAINABLE PLANET SE International Association of Geodesy Symposia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAG 25th General Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics (IUGG) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2011 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IAG, Int Union Geodesy & Geophysics, Int Assoc Geodesy DE Atmosphere; Ocean; Land hydrosphere; Polar motion ID ATMOSPHERIC ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; OCEANIC EXCITATION; CHANDLER-WOBBLE; VARIABILITY; MODELS; GRAVITY; RELEASE; MASS AB By analyzing geophysical fluids' geographic distribution, we can isolate the regional provenance for some of the important signals in polar motion. An understanding of such will enable us to determine whether certain climate signals can have an impact on polar motion. Here we have compared regional patterns of three surficial fluids: the atmosphere, ocean and land-based hydrosphere. The oceanic excitation function of polar motion was estimated with the ECCO/JPL data-assimilating model, and the atmospheric excitation function was determined from NCEP/NCAR reanalyses. The excitation function due to land hydrology was estimated from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data by an indirect approach that determines water thickness. Our attention focuses on the regional distribution of atmospheric and oceanic excitation of the annual and Chandler wobbles during 1993-2010, and on hydrologic excitation of these wobbles during 2002.9-2011.5. It is found that the regions of maximum fractional covariance (those exceeding a value of 3.10(-3)) for the annual band are over south Asia, southeast Asia and south central Indian ocean, for hydrology, atmosphere and ocean respectively; and for the Chandler period, areas over North America, Asia, and southern South America; and scattered across the southern oceans for the atmosphere and oceans respectively. C1 [Nastula, Jolanta] PAS, Space Res Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Salstein, David A.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Gross, Richard] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nastula, J (reprint author), PAS, Space Res Ctr, Bartycka 18a, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. EM nastula@cbk.waw.pl; dsalstei@aer.com; richard.s.gross@jpl.nasa.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-642-37222-3 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2014 VL 139 BP 467 EP 472 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-37222-3_62 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BD7LI UT WOS:000363263400062 ER PT J AU Yoo, JW Kim, TM Provencher, C Fong, T AF Yoo, Jongwoon Kim, Taemin Provencher, Christopher Fong, Terrence GP IEEE TI WiFi Localization on the International Space Station SO 2014 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON INTELLIGENT EMBEDDED SYSTEMS (IES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Intelligent Embedded Systems (IES) CY DEC 09-12, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Computat Inelligence Soc AB This paper explores the possibility of using WiFi localization techniques for autonomous free-flying robots on the International Space Station (ISS). We have collected signal strength samples from the ISS, built theWiFi map using Gaussian processes, implemented a localizer based on particle filters, and evaluated the performance. Our results show the average error of 1.59 meters, which is accurate enough to identify which ISS module the robot is currently in. However, we found that most errors occurred in some specific modules under the current WiFi settings. This paper describes the challenges of applying WiFi localization techniques to the ISS and suggests several approaches to achieve better performance. C1 [Yoo, Jongwoon; Kim, Taemin; Provencher, Christopher; Fong, Terrence] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Robot Grp, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. RP Yoo, JW (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Robot Grp, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. EM jongwoon.yoo@nasa.gov; taemin.kim@nasa.gov; chris.provencher@nasa.gov; terry.fong@nasa.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4485-9 PY 2014 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD8FP UT WOS:000363908600004 ER PT B AU Genzman, GN Fredriksson, DW Schultz, MP Trent, JD AF Genzman, Grant N. Fredriksson, David W. Schultz, Michael P. Trent, Jonathan D. GP ASME TI ANALYSIS OF THE LOADS ON AND DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF A FLOATING FLEXIBLE TUBE IN WAVES AND CURRENTS SO 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN, OFFSHORE AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING, 2014, VOL 8A: OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd ASME International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME, Ocean, Offshore & Arct Engn Div AB Recently proposed offshore structure designs for wastewater treatment and algae biomass production may incorporate floating flexible tubes. In one configuration, the tubes float at the surface and contain a fluid and algae mixture. The purpose of this study is to analyze the loads on and dynamic response of such tubes in varying environmental conditions, specifically waves and currents. The approach includes both physical and numerical modeling techniques. Physical models at a scale of 1:4.21 (model to prototype) and two fill levels (50% and 95%) were tested in wave and towing tank facilities in the Hydromechanics Laboratory at the United States Naval Academy. The models were towed at a range of scaled speeds to represent currents and subjected to scaled wave conditions in one of the tanks. During these tests, attachment loads were measured and dynamic response was evaluated. In addition to the physical modeling approach, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to assess steady drag measurements at the 1:4.21 scale and the results were compared to the experimental tests. The CFD modeling results were comparable to those obtained from the physical modeling tests, at least at the higher fill levels that were analyzed. The results indicated that the model response tended to follow the wave forcing more at the middle wave frequencies. For both fill levels, the response of the forward end of model increased with wave frequency while the response of the rear end of the model remained rather consistent across the frequencies tested. The results did not indicate a significant difference in dynamic response when the model was tested in both waves and current. The average attachment loads, however, were higher when the model was tested in waves and a current than in waves only. The attachment loads were also higher in wave and current conditions that included a faster current or lower-frequency (larger) waves. The intent of the project, through both modeling methods, was to increase the understanding of the loads on and the response of a floating tube in waves and currents. Future work could include an increase number of replicates for better accuracy, additional test frequencies and tow speeds, alternate attachment techniques, and testing at larger scales for comparison. C1 [Genzman, Grant N.; Fredriksson, David W.; Schultz, Michael P.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Trent, Jonathan D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Genzman, GN (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4550-9 PY 2014 AR UNSP V08AT06A060 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD7SA UT WOS:000363498500060 ER PT S AU Badger, J Throop, D Claunch, C AF Badger, Julia Throop, David Claunch, Charles GP IEEE TI VARED: Verification and Analysis of Requirements and Early Designs SO 2014 IEEE 22ND INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (RE) SE Proceedings of International Requirements Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 22nd International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) CY AUG 25-29, 2014 CL Blekinge Inst Technol, Karlskrona, SWEDEN SP IEEE, Iowa State Univ, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, VISITBLEKINGESE, BLEKINGESE TEKNISKA HOGSKOLA, CISCO, LANSSTYRELSEN BLEKINGE LAN, VISITKARLSKRONA HO Blekinge Inst Technol AB Requirements are a part of every project life cycle; everything going forward in a project depends on them. The VARED tool chain aims to provide an integrated environment to analyze and verify the requirements and early design of a system. Natural language requirements are processed automatically into formal specifications using a state model of the system under design and its environment. The specifications are formally checked and then are used to verify the controller model meets the requirements. C1 [Badger, Julia] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Throop, David] Boeing Co, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. [Claunch, Charles] Oceaneering Space Syst, Houston, TX USA. RP Badger, J (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM julia.m.badger@nasa.gov; david.r.throop@boeing.com; charles.a.claunch@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-0592 BN 978-1-4799-3033-3 J9 INT REQUIR ENG CONF PY 2014 BP 325 EP 326 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BD7MC UT WOS:000363280400038 ER PT S AU Jamnejad, V AF Jamnejad, Vahraz GP IEEE TI Electromagnetic Propagating Surface Waves Along a Dielectric-Coated Metal Pipe SO 2014 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium (APSURSI) CY JUL 06-11, 2014 CL Memphis, TN SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, Inst Elect Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc AB this work give a summary of the results of a detailed analysis of EM propagating waves in and around the uniform dielectric coating of a circular cylindrical metal pipe. These results are of value for the diagnostic of anomalies on the surface of tar-coated pipes used in protecting the underground power transmission cables. The results include the distribution of power inside the coating as well the air outside and the number of propagating modes with circumferential variation, and all as a function of frequncy. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Jamnejad, V (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Vahraz.jamnejad@jpl.nasa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-3540-6 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2014 BP 121 EP 122 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5LF UT WOS:000361554400061 ER PT S AU Nessel, JA Zemba, MJ Morse, JR AF Nessel, James A. Zemba, Michael J. Morse, Jacquelynne R. GP IEEE TI Design of a K/Q-band Beacon Receiver for the Alphasat TDP#5 Experiment SO 2014 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium (APSURSI) CY JUL 06-11, 2014 CL Memphis, TN SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, Inst Elect Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc AB This paper describes the design and performance of a coherent K/Q-band (20/40GHz) beacon receiver developed at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) that will be installed at the Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI) for use in the Alphasat Technology Demonstration Payload #5 (TDP#5) beacon experiment. The goal of this experiment is to characterize rain fade attenuation at 40GHz to improve the performance of existing statistical rain attenuation models in the Q-band. The ground terminal developed by NASA GRC utilizes an FFT-based frequency estimation receiver capable of characterizing total path attenuation effects due to gaseous absorption, clouds, rain, and scintillation. The receiver system has been characterized in the lab and demonstrates a system dynamic range performance of better than 58dB at 1Hz and better than 48dB at 10Hz rates. C1 [Nessel, James A.; Zemba, Michael J.; Morse, Jacquelynne R.] NASA, Antenna & Opt Syst Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Nessel, JA (reprint author), NASA, Antenna & Opt Syst Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM jacquelynne.r.morse@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-3540-6 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2014 BP 263 EP 264 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5LF UT WOS:000361554400131 ER PT S AU Simons, RN Wintucky, EG AF Simons, Rainee N. Wintucky, Edwin G. GP IEEE TI Multi-Tone Millimeter-Wave Frequency Synthesizer for Atmospheric Propagation Studies SO 2014 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium (APSURSI) CY JUL 06-11, 2014 CL Memphis, TN SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, Inst Elect Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc ID TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE ACTS AB This paper presents the design and test results of a multi-tone millimeter-wave frequency synthesizer, based on a solid-state frequency comb generator. The intended application of the synthesizer is in a space-borne transmitter for radio wave atmospheric studies at Q-band (37-43 GHz). These studies would enable the design of robust high data rate space-to-ground satellite communication links. C1 [Simons, Rainee N.; Wintucky, Edwin G.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr GRC, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Simons, RN (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr GRC, MS 54-1,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Rainee.N.Simons@nasa.gov; Edwin.G.Wintucky@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-3540-6 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2014 BP 297 EP 298 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5LF UT WOS:000361554400147 ER PT S AU Simons, RN Wintucky, EG AF Simons, Rainee N. Wintucky, Edwin G. GP IEEE TI Traveling-Wave Tube Amplifier Second Harmonic as Millimeter-Wave Beacon Source for Atmospheric Propagation Studies SO 2014 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium (APSURSI) CY JUL 06-11, 2014 CL Memphis, TN SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, Inst Elect Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc ID TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE ACTS AB This paper presents the design and test results of a CW millimeter-wave satellite beacon source, based on the second harmonic from a traveling-wave tube amplifier and utilizes a novel waveguide multimode directional coupler. A potential application of the beacon source is for investigating the atmospheric effects on Q-band (37-42 GHz) and V/W-band (7176 GHz) satellite-to-ground signals. C1 [Simons, Rainee N.; Wintucky, Edwin G.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Simons, RN (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 54-1 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Rainee.N.Simons@nasa.gov; Edwin.G.Wintucky@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-3540-6 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2014 BP 635 EP 636 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5LF UT WOS:000361554400312 ER PT S AU Guraliuc, AR Zhadobov, M Valerio, G Sauleau, R Chahat, N AF Guraliuc, Anda R. Zhadobov, Maxim Valerio, Guido Sauleau, Ronan Chahat, Nacer GP IEEE TI On-Body Propagation at 60 GHz: Impact of a Textile Presence SO 2014 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium (APSURSI) CY JUL 06-11, 2014 CL Memphis, TN SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, Inst Elect Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc AB Effect of regular or electro textiles on the on-body propagation at 60 GHz is presented. It is analyzed analytically, numerically and experimentally. The presence of regular textiles (e.g. cotton or felt) covering a skin-equivalent phantom produces a typical path gain decrease of 2-5 dB, without significant changes of the power decay exponent. On the other hand, the use of an electro textile allows increasing the path gain by 5-15 dB. C1 [Guraliuc, Anda R.; Zhadobov, Maxim; Valerio, Guido; Sauleau, Ronan] Univ Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6164, Inst Elect & Telecommun Rennes, Rennes, France. [Chahat, Nacer] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Guraliuc, AR (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6164, Inst Elect & Telecommun Rennes, Rennes, France. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-3540-6 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2014 BP 715 EP 716 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5LF UT WOS:000361554400352 ER PT S AU Arumugam, DD AF Arumugam, Darmindra D. GP IEEE TI Effect of measurement noise on magnetoquasistatic position and orientation sensing SO 2014 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium (APSURSI) CY JUL 06-11, 2014 CL Memphis, TN SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, Inst Elect Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc ID IMAGE THEORY AB Magnetoquasistatic position and orientation errors due to measurement noise are quantitatively studied using theoretical field equations and added Gaussian noise. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Arumugam, DD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM darmindra.d.arumugam@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-3540-6 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2014 BP 1131 EP 1132 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5LF UT WOS:000361554401127 ER PT S AU Miranda, FA Mueller, CH Meador, MAB AF Miranda, Felix A. Mueller, Carl H. Meador, Mary Ann B. GP IEEE TI Aerogel Antennas Communications Study Using Error Vector Magnitude Measurements SO 2014 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium (APSURSI) CY JUL 06-11, 2014 CL Memphis, TN SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, Inst Elect Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc ID POLYIMIDE AEROGELS AB This paper discusses an aerogel antennas communication study using error vector magnitude (EVM) measurements. The study was performed using 4x2 element polyimide (PI) aerogel-based phased arrays designed for operation at 5 GHz as transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) antennas separated by a line of sight (LOS) distance of 8.5 meters. The results of the EVM measurements demonstrate that polyimide aerogel antennas work appropriately to support digital communication links with typically used modulation schemes such as QPSK and pi/4 DQPSK. As such, PI aerogel antennas with higher gain, larger bandwidth and lower mass than typically used microwave laminates could be suitable to enable aerospace-to-ground communication links with enough channel capacity to support voice, data and video links from cubesats, unmanned air vehicles (UAV), and commercial aircraft. C1 [Miranda, Felix A.] NASA, Antenna & Opt Syst Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Mueller, Carl H.] NASA, QinetiQ NA Antenna & Opt Syst Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Meador, Mary Ann B.] NASA, Durabil & Protecting Coating Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Miranda, FA (reprint author), NASA, Antenna & Opt Syst Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM felix.a.miranda@nasa.gov; carl.h.mueller@nasa.gov; maryann.meador@nasa.gov OI Meador, Mary Ann/0000-0003-2513-7372 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-3540-6 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2014 BP 1149 EP 1150 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5LF UT WOS:000361554401136 ER PT S AU Arumugam, DD AF Arumugam, Darmindra D. GP IEEE TI Passive distance sensing through measurements of mode splitting in coupled magnetic resonators SO 2014 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium (APSURSI) CY JUL 06-11, 2014 CL Memphis, TN SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, Inst Elect Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc ID POSITION MEASUREMENT AB The monostatic backscattered magnetoquasistatic field measured at the terminals of a resonant loop due to a nearby resonant loop can be modeled using coupled mode theory. Due to close proximity of the monostatic resonant loop and the nearby resonant loop, the backscattered energy is distributed over a set of two orthogonal modes of positive energy that can be described using classical coupled mode theory. The center frequencies of the two orthogonal modes are separated by an amount known as the coupled mode frequency split, which is strongly dependent on coupling and thus distance. Measurements of this frequency split is inverted for passive distance measurements with an RMS distance error of 1.5 cm for distances up to 1 m. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Arumugam, DD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM darmindra.d.arumugam@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-3540-6 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2014 BP 1530 EP 1531 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5LF UT WOS:000361554401319 ER PT S AU Zemba, MJ Morse, JR Nessel, JA AF Zemba, Michael J. Morse, Jacquelynne R. Nessel, James A. GP IEEE TI Frequency Estimator Performance for a Software-Based Beacon Receiver SO 2014 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium (APSURSI) CY JUL 06-11, 2014 CL Memphis, TN SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, Inst Elect Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc AB As propagation terminals have evolved, their design has trended more toward a software-based approach that facilitates convenient adjustment and customization of the receiver algorithms. One potential improvement is the implementation of a frequency estimation algorithm, through which the primary frequency component of the received signal can be estimated with a much greater resolution than with a simple peak search of the FFT spectrum. To select an estimator for usage in a Q/V-band beacon receiver, analysis of six frequency estimators was conducted to characterize their effectiveness as they relate to beacon receiver design. C1 [Zemba, Michael J.; Morse, Jacquelynne R.; Nessel, James A.] NASA, Antenna & Opt Syst Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Zemba, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Antenna & Opt Syst Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-3540-6 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2014 BP 1574 EP 1575 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5LF UT WOS:000361554401341 ER PT S AU Chamberlain, N Barbetty, MS Sadowy, G Long, E Vanhille, K AF Chamberlain, Neil Barbetty, Mauricio Sanchez Sadowy, Greg Long, Ezra Vanhille, Kenneth GP IEEE TI A Dual-Polarized W-band Metal Patch Antenna Element for Phased Array Applications SO 2014 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium (APSURSI) CY JUL 06-11, 2014 CL Memphis, TN SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, Inst Elect Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc AB This paper describes results of measurements of a 2x2 'unit cell' of dual-polarized metal patch elements intended for electronically scanned array applications. The unit cell is the fundamental building block of a linear array feed to a cylindrical parabolic reflector. The transmit and receive elements are arranged on a triangular grid which provides good isolation between separate transmit and receive modules, obviating the need for circulators. The 2x2 unit cell and associated feed network was implemented in PolyStrata (R) technology. Measurements agree very well with simulations in HFSS, with the overall loss of the element and interconnect estimated as 0.5dB at 94 GHz. C1 [Chamberlain, Neil; Barbetty, Mauricio Sanchez; Sadowy, Greg; Long, Ezra] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Vanhille, Kenneth] Nuvotronics LLC, Durham, NC USA. RP Chamberlain, N (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM neil.f.chamberlain@jpl.nasa.gov; kvanhille@nuvotronics.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-3540-6 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2014 BP 1640 EP 1641 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5LF UT WOS:000361554401372 ER PT S AU Cooper, KB Dengler, RJ AF Cooper, Ken B. Dengler, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Residual Phase Noise and Transmit/Receive Isolation in a Submillimeter-Wave FMCW Radar SO 2014 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) CY JUN 01-06, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE MTT S DE Residual phase noise; submillimeter radar; terahertz radar AB Detection sensitivity of a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar can be limited by transmitter noise leaking into the receiver. For submillimeter-wave radars relying on high harmonic frequency-multiplication factors N >> 1, phase noise typically dominates this leakage because it is amplified by 2010g(N). A feed-forward phase noise cancellation circuit can suppress the effect of this leakage. Here we investigate quantitatively how effective this cancellation can be, finding that it is limited by additive residual phase noise in the harmonic generation chain. These results drive the transmit/receive isolation requirement in submillimeter-wave radars. C1 [Cooper, Ken B.; Dengler, Robert J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Cooper, KB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4799-3869-8 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BD7MH UT WOS:000363283700031 ER PT S AU Fan, X Chen, YP Bi, C Xie, YS Kolodzey, J Wilson, JD Simons, RN Zhang, HW Xiao, JQ AF Fan, Xin Chen, Yunpeng Bi, Chong Xie, Yunsong Kolodzey, James Wilson, Jeffrey D. Simons, Rainee N. Zhang, Huaiwu Xiao, John Q. GP IEEE TI Magnetic Tunnel Junction-Based On-Chip Microwave Phase and Spectrum Analyzer SO 2014 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) CY JUN 01-06, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE MTT S DE Ferromagnetic resonance; Interference; Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ); Spin wave ID SPINTRONICS; MEMORY AB A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based microwave detector is proposed and investigated. When the MTJ is excited by microwave magnetic fields, the relative angle between the free layer and pinned layer alternates, giving rise to an average resistance change. By measuring the average resistance change, the MTJ can be utilized as a microwave power sensor. Due to the nature of ferromagnetic resonance, the frequency of an incident microwave is directly determined. In addition, by integrating a mixer circuit, the MTJ-based microwave detector can also determine the relative phase between two microwave signals. Thus, the MTJ-based microwave detector can be used as an on-chip microwave phase and spectrum analyzer. C1 [Fan, Xin; Chen, Yunpeng; Xie, Yunsong; Xiao, John Q.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Bi, Chong] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Kolodzey, James] Univ Delaware, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Wilson, Jeffrey D.; Simons, Rainee N.] NASA, Electron & Optoelect Devices Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Zhang, Huaiwu] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, State Key Lab Elect Films & Integrated Devices, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, Peoples R China. RP Fan, X (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Bi, Chong/B-9512-2013 OI Bi, Chong/0000-0003-3745-3698 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4799-3869-8 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BD7MH UT WOS:000363283700320 ER PT S AU Gawande, R Reeves, R Cleary, K Kooi, J Readhead, AC Gaier, T Kangasiahti, P Samoska, L Varonen, M Church, S Devaraj, K Sieth, M Voll, P Harris, A Lai, R Sarkozy, S AF Gawande, R. Reeves, R. Cleary, K. Kooi, J. Readhead, A. C. Gaier, T. Kangasiahti, P. Samoska, L. Varonen, M. Church, S. Devaraj, K. Sieth, M. Voll, P. Harris, A. Lai, R. Sarkozy, S. GP IEEE TI A W-band Heterodyne Receiver Module Prototype for Focal Plane Arrays SO 2014 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) CY JUN 01-06, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE MTT S DE Cryogenic; heterodyne multi-chip module; Image rejection; indium phosphide (InP); low noise amplifier (LNA); IQ Balance; MMIC amplifiers; Schottky diode; W-band AB A compact W-band heterodyne receiver module populated with MMIC LNAs designed and fabricated using a 35 nm InP HEMT process, and an IQ mixer designed and fabricated using the VMS Schottky diode process is developed as the prototype for Argus, a 16-pixel focal plane array to be deployed on the 100-meter Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia to study star formation. The module has a WR-10 waveguide input. GPPO connectors are used for the LO input and the I and Q IF outputs. The module is tested at both ambient (300 K) and cryogenic (26 K) temperatures. A minimum receiver noise temperature of 27 K was achieved, with less than 45 K noise and more than 20 dB gain in the 85 GHz to 116 GHz band. The band-averaged noise temperature is 34 K and 249 K for a physical temperature of 26 K and 300 K, respectively. The IQ amplitude and phase balance shows image rejection better than 15 dB over 90 percent of the band with constant-current operation of both mixers. Image rejection better than 25 dB is measured when optimized currents are used to drive the I and Q mixers. C1 [Gawande, R.; Reeves, R.; Cleary, K.; Kooi, J.; Readhead, A. C.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gaier, T.; Kangasiahti, P.; Samoska, L.; Varonen, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Church, S.; Devaraj, K.; Sieth, M.; Voll, P.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Harris, A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lai, R.; Sarkozy, S.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA USA. RP Gawande, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4799-3869-8 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BD7MH UT WOS:000363283700128 ER PT S AU Reck, TJ Deal, W Chattopadhyay, G AF Reck, Theodore J. Deal, William Chattopadhyay, Goutam GP IEEE TI Cryogenic performance of HEMT amplifiers at 340GHz and 670GHz SO 2014 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) CY JUN 01-06, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE MTT S DE Low noise amplifier; Cryogenics; HEMT; Terahertz AB The cryogenic performance of HEMT amplifiers operating above 300 GHz is presented for the first time. InP HEMT amplifiers designed for room temperature operation are cooled to 25K and their sensitivity is characterized using the Y-factor method. Minimum noise temperatures of 400K and 550K are achieved at 340GHz and 670GHz, respectively. C1 [Reck, Theodore J.; Chattopadhyay, Goutam] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Deal, William] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA USA. RP Reck, TJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4799-3869-8 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2014 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BD7MH UT WOS:000363283700013 ER PT S AU Tang, A Chahat, N Decrossas, E Chattopadhyay, G Mehdi, I AF Tang, Adrian Chahat, Nacer Decrossas, Emmanuel Chattopadhyay, Goutam Mehdi, Imran GP IEEE TI A 94 GHz Multi-Casting Data-Link Based on 3-D Printing Compatible Dielectric Ribbon Interconnects SO 2014 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) CY JUN 01-06, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE MTT S DE Dielectric Ribbon; 3-D Printing; multi-casting AB This paper presents a dielectric-ribbon based datalink which offers both multi-cast network capability (single transmitter broadcasting to multiple receivers) and robustness as it does not rely on electrical contact to support interconnection. The link was developed specifically for aircraft & spacecraft applications where interconnect reliability and lightweight cabling is more critical than high data rates. C1 [Tang, Adrian; Chahat, Nacer; Decrossas, Emmanuel; Chattopadhyay, Goutam; Mehdi, Imran] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tang, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4799-3869-8 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2014 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BD7MH UT WOS:000363283700030 ER PT S AU Tang, A Chahat, N Zhao, Y Virbila, G Lee, C Hsiao, F Du, L Kuan, YC Chang, MCF Chattopadhya, G Mehdi, I AF Tang, Adrian Chahat, Nacer Zhao, Yan Virbila, Gabriel Lee, Choonsup Hsiao, Frank Du, Li Kuan, Yen-Cheng Chang, Mau-Chung Frank Chattopadhya, Goutam Mehdi, Imran GP IEEE TI A 65nm CMOS 140 GHz 27.3 dBm EIRP Transmit Array with Membrane Antenna for Highly Scalable Multi-Chip Phase Arrays SO 2014 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) CY JUN 01-06, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE MTT S DE Locally Synchronized PLL; Phased Array Transmitter AB This paper presents a scalable transmit phase array operating at 140 GHz which employs a local PLL reference generation system. Unlike traditional CMOS phase arrays, this enables the array to be formed over multiple chips while avoiding the challenges of distributing mm-wave signals between them. The prototype chip consumes 131 mW of power and occupies 1.95 mm(2) of chip area when implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology. C1 [Tang, Adrian; Chahat, Nacer; Lee, Choonsup; Chattopadhya, Goutam; Mehdi, Imran] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Tang, Adrian; Zhao, Yan; Virbila, Gabriel; Hsiao, Frank; Du, Li; Kuan, Yen-Cheng; Chang, Mau-Chung Frank] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Tang, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4799-3869-8 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2014 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BD7MH UT WOS:000363283700007 ER PT S AU Varonen, M Samoska, L Fung, A Padmanahban, S Kangaslahti, P Lai, R Sarkozy, S Soria, M Owen, H AF Varonen, M. Samoska, L. Fung, A. Padmanahban, S. Kangaslahti, P. Lai, R. Sarkozy, S. Soria, M. Owen, H. GP IEEE TI LNA Modules for the WR4 (170-260 GHz) Frequency Range SO 2014 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) CY JUN 01-06, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE MTT S DE MMICs; LNAs; WR4; E-plane transitions; noise temperature ID SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE; AMPLIFIER MODULE AB In this work, we report on developments toward ultra-low noise amplifier modules for the WR4 frequency range, covering 170-260 GHz. The amplifiers in question utilize 35 nm HEMT transistors on a 50 mu m thick InP substrate, and were developed at NGC. While recent work in this frequency band has demonstrated the usefulness and advanced technology of utilizing integrated waveguide transitions fabricated on the high dielectric constant MMIC amplifiers themselves, we present evidence here that more standard, cost effective techniques like merging low-loss quartz probes with short wire bonds can provide excellent noise performance, even at these high frequencies. The amplifiers discussed in this paper demonstrate a record 600K noise (4.8 dB) at 220 GHz and 700K (5.2 dB) noise at 240 GHz C1 [Varonen, M.; Samoska, L.; Fung, A.; Padmanahban, S.; Kangaslahti, P.; Soria, M.; Owen, H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lai, R.; Sarkozy, S.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA USA. [Varonen, M.] Aalto Univ, Dept Micro & Nanosci, Espoo, Finland. RP Varonen, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4799-3869-8 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BD7MH UT WOS:000363283700053 ER PT S AU Moxley, FI Chuss, DT Dai, WZ AF Moxley, Frederick Ira, III Chuss, David T. Dai, Weizhong BE Gumel, AB TI An Implicit Generalized Finite-Difference Time-Domain Scheme for Solving Nonlinear Schrodinger Equations SO MATHEMATICS OF CONTINUOUS AND DISCRETE DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS SE Contemporary Mathematics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AMS Special Session on Nonstandard Finite-Difference Discretizations and Nonlinear Oscillations CY JAN 09-10, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Math Soc DE Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) scheme; nonlinear Schrodinger equation; soliton ID HERMITE PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHOD; WAVES AB In this chapter, we develop the linearized generalized FDTD implicit scheme for solving time-dependent nonlinear Schrodinger equations in 1D. Using the discrete energy method, the G-FDTD scheme is shown to satisfy the discrete analogous form of a conservation law. The new scheme is tested by two examples of soliton propagation and collision. Compared with other popular existing methods, numerical results demonstrate that the present scheme provides a more accurate solution. C1 [Moxley, Frederick Ira, III] Louisiana State Univ, Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Chuss, David T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dai, Weizhong] Louisiana Tech Univ, Math & Stat, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. RP Moxley, FI (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM fmoxley3@gmail.com; david.t.chuss@nasa.gov; dai@coes.latech.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA SN 0271-4132 BN 978-0-8218-9862-8 J9 CONTEMP MATH PY 2014 VL 618 BP 181 EP 193 DI 10.1090/conm/618/12325 PG 13 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BD7HO UT WOS:000363092300009 ER PT B AU Mukherjee, R Kim, I AF Mukherjee, Rudranarayan Kim, Isaac GP ASME TI MASSIVELY PARALLEL DISCRETE ELEMENT MODELING OF LEGGED MOBILITY ON GRANULAR TERRAIN SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 7A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID ALGORITHMS AB Legged mobility of robotic systems is an active area of research. Quantitatively understanding mobility of these systems on natural terrain is critical for design and operations of these systems. In this paper; we present results of computational simulations of legged mobility on granular terrain using massively parallel Discrete Element Method. We model the interactions of a leg from a micro ground vehicle with sandy terrain made of polydispersed granular media. In these simulations, we model the interactions between millions of granules and the leg to quantify ground reactions and associated qualitative behaviors. The simulations are run on parallel computers to overcome the severe computational complexity of simulating these large problems in physically feasible time-frames. We are using high fidelity first-principles approaches to model emergent complex behavior that cannot otherwise be modeled. We present results from a parametric sweep where different leg speeds and penetrations are used to understand differences in ground reaction. C1 [Mukherjee, Rudranarayan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mobil & Robot Syst Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kim, Isaac] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Intern Mobil & Robot Syst Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mukherjee, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mobil & Robot Syst Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Rudranarayan.M.Mukherjee@jpl.nasa.gov; ikim2@caltech.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5596-6 PY 2014 AR UNSP V07AT10A068 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BD6ZT UT WOS:000362795500068 ER PT B AU Mukherjee, R Malczyk, P AF Mukherjee, Rudranarayan Malczyk, Pawel GP ASME TI PARALLEL ALGORITHM FOR MODELING MULTI-RIGID BODY SYSTEM DYNAMICS WITH NONHOLONOMIC CONSTRAINTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 7A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB This paper presents a new algorithm for serial or parallel implementation of computer simulations of the dynamics of multi-rigid body systems subject to nonholonomic and holonomic constraints. The algorithm presents an elegant approach for eliminating the nonholonomic constraints explicitly from the equations of motion and implicitly expressing them in terms of nonlinear coupling in the operational inertias of the bodies subject to these constraints. The resulting equations are in the same form as those of a body subject to kinematic joint constraints. This enables the nonholohonzic constraints to be seamlessly treated in either a (i) recursive or (ii) hierarchic assembly-disassembly process for solving the equations of motion of generalized multi-rigid body systems in serial or parallel implementations. The algorithm is non-iterative and although the nonholonomic constraints are imposed at the acceleration level, constraint satisfaction is excellent as demonstrated by the numerical test case implemented to verify the algorithm. The paper presents procedures for handling both cases where the nonholonomic constraints are imposed between terminal bodies of a system and the environment as well as when the constraints are imposed between bodies in the interior of the system topology. The algorithm uses a mixed set of coordinates and is built on the central idea of eliminating either constraint loads or relative accelerations from the equations of motion by projecting the equations of motion into the motion subspaces or their orthogonal complements. C1 [Mukherjee, Rudranarayan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mobil & Robot Syst Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Malczyk, Pawel] Warsaw Univ Technol, Inst Aeronaut & Appl Mech, PL-00665 Warsaw, Poland. RP Mukherjee, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mobil & Robot Syst Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Rudranarayan.M.Mukherjee@jpl.nasa.gov; pmalczyk@meil.pw.edu.pl NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5596-6 PY 2014 AR UNSP V07AT10A038 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BD6ZT UT WOS:000362795500038 ER PT B AU Mukherjee, R Malczyk, P AF Mukherjee, Rudranarayan Malczyk, Pawel GP ASME TI EFFICIENT APPROACH FOR CONSTRAINT ENFORCEMENT IN CONSTRAINED MULTIBODY SYSTEM DYNAMICS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 7A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID PARALLEL O(LOG(N)) CALCULATION; ARTICULATED-BODY ALGORITHM; MANIPULATOR AB We present an efficient and robust approach for enforcing the loop closure constraint at acceleration, velocity and position level in modeling multi-rigid body system dynamics. Our approach builds on the seminal ideas of the Divide and Conquer Algorithm (DCA) and the Augmented Lagrangian Method (ALM). The order-independent hierarchic assembly-disassembly process of the DCA provides an excellent opportunity for modularizing the system topology such that the loop closure constraints can be elegantly handled using constraint enforcement ideas motivated by the ALM. We present a non-iterative, user controlled constraint enforcement approach that enables robust constraint enforcement within the DCA. This approach eliminates the need for the iterative scheme found in many ALM motivated approaches. Similarly, it enables the use of relative or internal coordinates to model kinematic joint constraints not involved in the loop closure, thereby enforcing the constraints exactly for these joints. The approach also enables computationally very efficient serial and parallel implementations. Results from a number of test cases with single and couple closed loops are presented to demonstrate verification of the algorithm. C1 [Mukherjee, Rudranarayan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mobil & Robot Syst Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Malczyk, Pawel] Warsaw Univ Technol, Inst Aeronaut & Appl Mech, PL-00665 Warsaw, Poland. RP Mukherjee, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mobil & Robot Syst Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Rudranarayan.M.Mukherjee@jpl.nasa.gov; pmalczyk@meil.pw.edu.pl NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5596-6 PY 2014 AR UNSP V07AT10A037 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BD6ZT UT WOS:000362795500037 ER PT B AU Mukherjee, R AF Mukherjee, Rudranarayan GP ASME TI PARALLEL ALGORITHM FOR CONSTRAINED MULTI-RIGID BODY SYSTEM DYNAMICS IN GENERALIZED TOPOLOGIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 7A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME ID LOW-ORDER ALGORITHM; O(LOG(N)) CALCULATION; CONQUER ALGORITHM AB This paper presents an algorithm for modeling the dynamics of multi-rigid body systems in generalized topologies including topologies with closed kinematic loops that may or may not be coupled together The algorithm uses a hierarchic assembly disassembly process in parallel implementation and a recursive assembly disassembly process in serial implementation to achieve highly efficient simulation turn-around times. The kinematic constraints are imposed using the formalism of kinematic joints that are modeled using motion spaces and their orthogonal complements. A mixed set of coordinates are used viz, absolute coordinates to develop the equations of motion and internal or relative coordinates to impose the constraints. The equations of motion are posed in terms of operational inertias to capture the nonlinear coupling between the dynamics of the individual components of the system. Einstein's notation is used to explain the generality of the approach. Constraint impositions at the acceleration, velocity and configuration levels are discussed. The application of this algorithm in modeling a complex micro robot with multiple coupled closed loops is discussed. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mobil & Robot Syst Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mukherjee, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mobil & Robot Syst Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Rudranarayan.M.Mukherjee@jpl.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5596-6 PY 2014 AR UNSP V07AT10A036 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BD6ZT UT WOS:000362795500036 ER PT B AU Houlihan, R Mukherjee, R AF Houlihan, Ryan Mukherjee, Rudranarayan GP ASME TI MASSIVELY PARALLEL DISCRETE ELEMENT MODELING OF WHEELED MOBILITY ON GRANULAR TERRAIN SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 7B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID ALGORITHMS AB Quantitatively understanding wheeled mobility on granular terrain such as sand or gravel is critical for design and operations of ground vehicles for terrestrial or extra-terrestrial applications. While the Bekker-Wong theory of wheeled mobility and its derivatives have been used in many applications, the static nature of these formulations are limiting in understanding mobility in deformable terrain under dynamic mobility conditions. Single wheel hardware experiments in laboratory settings and detailed modeling of wheel-terrain interactions are two avenues currently being actively pursued to develop quantitative understanding of wheeled mobility. In this paper, we present findings of massively parallel discrete element modeling of wheeled mobility on granular media such as sand. We present a brief overview of the underlying methodology and then focus on the results of the simulation. In these simulations, we model the inter-granular interactions and interactions between the wheel and the granules with an objective of using high fidelity first-principles approach to capture emergent behavior in these complex and highly dynamic phenomena. These simulations typically model millions of granules and use highly scalable software and parallel computing resources to overcome the severe complexity of the problem. We present results of parametric studies with varying levels of both wheel penetration and mobility conditions. These have been modeled to present a quantitative perspective of the diverse behaviors encountered in wheeled mobility on granular terrain. We have retained the full complexity of the problem by simulating granules of the size encountered in real terrain to overcome the fidelity limited issues of other comparable methods that use much larger granules. C1 [Houlihan, Ryan; Mukherjee, Rudranarayan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mobil & Robot Syst Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Houlihan, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mobil & Robot Syst Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ryan.houlihan90@gmail.com; Rudranarayan.M.Mukherjee@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5597-3 PY 2014 AR UNSP V07BT10A022 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BD6ZU UT WOS:000362796000022 ER PT B AU Mukherjee, R Laflin, J AF Mukherjee, Rudranarayan Laflin, Jeremy GP ASME TI PARALLEL ALGORITHM FOR MODELING CONSTRAINED MULTI-FLEXIBLE BODY SYSTEM DYNAMICS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 7B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID CONQUER ALGORITHM; FORMULATION AB This paper presents an algorithm for modeling the dynamics of multi-flexible body systems in closed kinematic loop configurations where the component bodies are modeled using the large displacement small deformation formulation. The algorithm uses a hierarchic assembly disassembly process in parallel implementation and a recursive assembly disassembly process in serial implementation to achieve highly efficient simulation turn-around times. The operational inertias arising from the rigid body modes of motion at the joint locations on a component body are modified to account for the nonlinear inertial effects and body forces arising from the body based deformations. Traditional issues, such as motion induced stiffness and temporal invariance of deformation field related inertia terms, are robustly addressed in this algorithm. The algorithm uses a mixed set of coordinates viz. (i) absolute coordinates for expressing the equations of motion of a body fixed reference frame, (ii) relative or internal coordinates to express the kinematic joint constraints and (iii) body fixed coordinates to account for the body's deformation field. The kinematic joint constraints and the closed loop constraints are treated alike through the formalism of relative coordinates, joint motion spaces and their orthogonal complements. Verification of the algorithm is demonstrated using the planar fourbar mechanism problem that has been traditionally used in literature. C1 [Mukherjee, Rudranarayan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mobil & Robot Syst Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Laflin, Jeremy] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Jet Prop Lab, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Laflin, Jeremy] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Mukherjee, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mobil & Robot Syst Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Rudranarayan.M.Mukherjee@jpl.nasa.gov; laflij@rpi.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5597-3 PY 2014 AR UNSP V07BT10A010-1 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BD6ZU UT WOS:000362796000010 ER PT B AU Hartley, TT Veillette, RJ Lorenzo, CF Adams, JL AF Hartley, Tom T. Veillette, Robert J. Lorenzo, Carl F. Adams, Jay L. GP ASME TI ON THE ENERGY STORED IN FRACTIONAL-ORDER ELECTRICAL ELEMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE Fractional-order system; initialization; energy storage AB In this paper, fractional-order electrical elements are considered as energy storage devices. They are studied by comparing the energy available from the element to do future external work, relative to the energy input into the element in the past. A standard circuit realization is used to represent the fractional-order element connected to an inductor with a given initial current. This circuit realization is used to determine the energy returned by both capacitive and inductive fractional-order elements of order between zero and one. Plots of the energy stored versus time are provided. The major conclusion is that fractional-order elements tend to rapidly dissipate much of their input energy leaving less energy for doing work in the future. C1 [Hartley, Tom T.; Veillette, Robert J.; Adams, Jay L.] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44308 USA. [Lorenzo, Carl F.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Hartley, TT (reprint author), Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44308 USA. EM thartley@uakron.edu; veillet@uakron.edu; Carl.F.Lorenzo@nasa.gov; jla36@uakron.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5591-1 PY 2014 AR V004T08A032 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BD6MK UT WOS:000362380700079 ER PT B AU Lorenzo, CF Hartley, TT AF Lorenzo, Carl F. Hartley, Tom T. GP ASME TI ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS FOR FRACTIONAL ELEMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE Fractional Energy Modeling AB This paper considers the energy aspects of fractional elements defined by the equation F(t) = k(lambda) {0D(t)(lambda)x(t)}. In contrast to the typically conservative assumption of classical physics that lead to the potential and kinetic energy expressions, a number of important non-conservative differences are exposed. Firstly, the considerations must be time-based rather than displacement or momentum based variables. Time based equations for energy behavior of fractional elements are presented and example applications are considered. The effect of fractional order on the energy requirements and energy return of these systems is shown. Importantly, it is shown that the history, or initialization, has a strong effect on energy requirements. Finally, compact expressions for the work or energy, are developed. C1 [Lorenzo, Carl F.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Hartley, Tom T.] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Lorenzo, CF (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Carl.F.Lorenzo@nasa.gov; thartley@uakron.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5591-1 PY 2014 AR V004T08A029 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BD6MK UT WOS:000362380700076 ER PT B AU Hood, A LaBerge, K Lewicki, D Pines, D AF Hood, Adrian LaBerge, Kelsen Lewicki, David Pines, Darryll GP ASME TI VIBRATION BASED SUN GEAR DAMAGE DETECTION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB Seeded fault experiments were conducted on the planetary stage of an OH-58C helicopter transmission. Two vibration based methods are discussed that isolate the dynamics of the sun gear from that of the planet gears, bearings, input spiral bevel stage, and other components in and around the gearbox. Three damaged sun gears: two spalled and one cracked, serve as the focus of this current work. A non-sequential vibration separation algorithm was developed and the resulting signals analyzed. The second method uses only the time synchronously averaged data but takes advantage of the signal/source mapping required for vibration separation. Both algorithms were successful in identifying the spall damage. Sun gear damage was confirmed by the presence of sun mesh groups. The sun tooth crack condition was inconclusive. C1 [Hood, Adrian; LaBerge, Kelsen] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Lewicki, David] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Pines, Darryll] Univ Maryland, A James Clark Sch Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hood, A (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM adrian.a.hood@us.army.mil NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5592-8 PY 2014 AR V005T11A033 PG 14 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD6ML UT WOS:000362381000077 ER PT B AU Collins, CL Robinson, ML AF Collins, Curtis L. Robinson, Matthew L. GP ASME TI ACCURACY ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION OF THE MARS SCIENCE LABORATORY (MSL) ROBOTIC ARM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 6B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID CALIBRATION AB The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity Rover is currently exploring the surface of Mars with a suite of tools and instruments mounted to the end of a five degree-of-freedom robotic arm. To verify and meet a set of end-to-end system level accuracy requirements, a detailed positioning uncertainty model of the arm was developed and exercised over the arm operational workspace. Error sources at each link in the arm kinematic chain were estimated and their effects propagated to the tool frames. A rigorous test and measurement program was developed and implemented to collect data to characterize and calibrate the kinematic and stiffness parameters of the arm. Numerous absolute and relative accuracy and repeatability requirements were validated with a combination of analysis and test data extrapolated to the Mars gravity and thermal environment. Initial results of arm accuracy and repeatability on Mars demonstrate the effectiveness of the modeling and test program as the rover continues to explore the foothills of Mount Sharp. C1 [Collins, Curtis L.; Robinson, Matthew L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Collins, CL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Curtis.L.Collins@jpl.nasa.gov; Matthew.L.Robinson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5594-2 PY 2014 AR V06BT07A056 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BD6RQ UT WOS:000362533100056 ER PT B AU Zirbel, SA Magleby, SP Howell, LL Lang, RJ Thomson, MW Sigel, DA Walkemeyer, PE Trease, BP AF Zirbel, Shannon A. Magleby, Spencer P. Howell, Larry L. Lang, Robert J. Thomson, Mark W. Sigel, Deborah A. Walkemeyer, Phillip E. Trease, Brian P. GP ASME TI ACCOMMODATING THICKNESS IN ORIGAMI-BASED DEPLOYABLE ARRAYS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 6B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB The purpose of this work is to create deployment systems with a large ratio of stowed-to-deployed diameter Deployment from a compact form to a final flat state can be achieved through origami-inspired folding of panels. There are many models capable of this motion when folded in a material with negligible thickness; however, when the application requires the folding of thick, rigid panels, attention must be paid to the effect of material thickness not only on the final folded state, but also during the folding motion (i.e., the panels must not be required to flex to attain the final folded form). The objective is to develop new methods for deployment from a compact folded form to a large circular array (or other final form). This paper describes a mathematical model for modifying the pattern to accommodate material thickness in the context of the design, modeling, and testing of a deployable system inspired by an origami six-sided flasher model. The model is demonstrated in hardware as a 1/20th scale prototype of a deployable solar array for space applications. The resulting prototype has a ratio of stowed-to-deployed diameter of 9.2 (or 1.25 m deployed outer diameter to 0.136 m stowed outer diameter). C1 [Zirbel, Shannon A.; Magleby, Spencer P.; Howell, Larry L.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Lang, Robert J.] Lang Origami, Alamo, CA 94507 USA. [Thomson, Mark W.; Sigel, Deborah A.; Walkemeyer, Phillip E.; Trease, Brian P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Howell, LL (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM lhowell@byu.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5594-2 PY 2014 AR V06BT07A027 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BD6RQ UT WOS:000362533100027 ER PT B AU Boyle, RJ Parikh, AH Nagpal, VK Halbig, MC DiCarlo, JA AF Boyle, Robert J. Parikh, Ankur H. Nagpal, Vinod K. Halbig, Michael C. DiCarlo, James A. GP ASME TI Ceramic Matrix Composites for High Pressure Turbine Vanes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Through thickness, hoop, and spanwise component stresses were calculated for two Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) vane configurations. The analyses are for the first stage vane of a High Pressure Turbine. One configuration is for a vane with trailing edge ejection, and the other has no trailing edge ejection. The effects of analyzing separate pressure and thermal loads, as well as combining these loads, are examined. For the case without trailing edge ejection the effects of variations in the stiffness modulus are given. Results are discussed for the midspan region as well as for the entire span. Pressure loads were determined assuming a mainstream gas and coolant pressure of 50 atm. Thermal loads were determined assuming a gas temperature of 2141 degrees K(3394 degrees F), and a maximum Environmental Barrier Coating temperature of 1756 degrees K(2700 degrees F). The desired maximum CMC temperature was 1589 degrees C(2400 degrees F). C1 [Boyle, Robert J.; Parikh, Ankur H.; Nagpal, Vinod K.] N&R Engn & Management Serv, Parma Hts, OH 44130 USA. [Halbig, Michael C.; DiCarlo, James A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Boyle, RJ (reprint author), N&R Engn & Management Serv, Parma Hts, OH 44130 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4575-2 PY 2014 AR V006T02A013 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Education & Educational Research; Engineering; Materials Science GA BD6IJ UT WOS:000362239800013 ER PT B AU Simon, DL Rinehart, AW AF Simon, Donald L. Rinehart, Aidan W. GP ASME TI A MODEL-BASED ANOMALY DETECTION APPROACH FOR ANALYZING STREAMING AIRCRAFT ENGINE MEASUREMENT DATA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB This paper presents a model-based anomaly detection architecture designed for analyzing streaming transient aircraft engine measurement data. The technique calculates and monitors residuals between sensed engine outputs and model predicted outputs for anomaly detection purposes. Pivotal to the performance of this technique is the ability to construct a model that accurately reflects the nominal operating performance of the engine. The dynamic model applied in the architecture is a piecewise linear design comprising steady-state trim points and dynamic state space matrices. A simple curve-fitting technique for updating the model trim point information based on steady-state information extracted from available nominal engine measurement data is presented. Results from the application of the model-based approach for processing actual engine test data are shown. These include both nominal fault-free test case data and seeded fault test case data. The results indicate that the updates applied to improve the model trim point information also improve anomaly detection performance. Recommendations for follow-on enhancements to the technique are also presented and discussed. C1 [Simon, Donald L.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Rinehart, Aidan W.] Vantage Partners LLC, Brookpark, OH 44142 USA. RP Simon, DL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4575-2 PY 2014 AR V006T06A032 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Education & Educational Research; Engineering; Materials Science GA BD6IJ UT WOS:000362239800046 ER PT S AU Cure, D Weller, T Miranda, FA AF Cure, David Weller, Thomas Miranda, Felix A. GP IEEE TI Study of a Flexible Low Profile Tunable Dipole Antenna Using Barium Strontium Titanate Varactors SO 2014 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 06-11, 2014 CL Hague, NETHERLANDS DE Flexible antennas; varactor-tuned high impedance surfaces; chip capacitors; BST; Young's module ID FLOW AB In this paper a flexible low profile dipole antenna using a frequency selective surface (FSS) with interdigital barium strontium titanate (BST) varactor-tuned unit cells is presented. The varactor chips were placed only along one dimension of the FSS to avoid the use of vias and simplify the DC bias network. The antenna uses overlapping metallic plates that resemble fish scales as a ground plane to improve the flexibility of the multi-material stack structure. The measured data of the antenna demonstrate tunability from 2.42 GHz to 2.66 GHz and 1.3 dB gain drop when using overlapping metallic plates instead of continuous ground plane. The total antenna thickness is approximately lambda/24. C1 [Cure, David] Kymeta Corp, Res Dept, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Weller, Thomas] Univ S Florida, EE Dept, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Miranda, Felix A.] NASA, Antenna & Opt Syst Branch, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Cure, D (reprint author), Kymeta Corp, Res Dept, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. EM dcure@kymetacorp.com; weller@usf.edu; felix.a.miranda@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-88-907018-4-9 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2014 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5KZ UT WOS:000361548800011 ER PT S AU Zemba, MJ Morse, JR Nessel, JA AF Zemba, Michael J. Morse, Jacquelynne R. Nessel, James A. GP IEEE TI Ka-Band Atmospheric Phase Stability Measurements in Goldstone, CA; White Sands, NM; and Guam SO 2014 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 06-11, 2014 CL Hague, NETHERLANDS DE antenna arrays; radiowave propagation; propagation losses; interferometry; phase distortion AB As spacecraft communication links are driven to higher frequencies (e.g. Ka-band) both by spectrum congestion and the appeal of higher data rates, the propagation phenomena at these frequencies must be well characterized for effective system design. In particular, the phase stability of a site at a given frequency will govern whether or not the site is a practical location for an antenna array, particularly if uplink capabilities are desired. Propagation studies to characterize such phenomena must be done on a site-by-site basis due to the wide variety of climates and weather conditions at each ground terminal. Accordingly, in order to statistically characterize the atmospheric effects on Ka-Band links, site test interferometers (STIs) have been deployed at three of NASA's operational sites to directly measure each site's tropospheric phase stability. Using three years of results from these experiments, this paper will statistically characterize the simultaneous atmospheric phase noise measurements recorded by the STIs deployed at the following ground station sites: the Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex near Barstow, CA; the White Sands Ground Terminal near Las Cruces, NM; and the Guam Remote Ground Terminal on the island of Guam. C1 [Zemba, Michael J.; Morse, Jacquelynne R.; Nessel, James A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Zemba, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-88-907018-4-9 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2014 BP 503 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5KZ UT WOS:000361548800127 ER PT S AU Chuss, DT Ali, A Amiri, M Appel, JW Araujo, D Bennett, CL Boone, F Chan, MW Cho, HM Colazo, F Crowe, E Denis, KL Dunner, R Eimer, J Essinger-Hileman, T Gothe, D Halpern, M Harrington, K Hilton, G Hinshaw, GF Huang, C Irwin, K Jones, G Karakla, J Kogut, AJ Larson, D Limon, M Lowry, L Marriage, T Mehrle, N Miller, AD Miller, NJ Moseley, SH Novak, G Reintsema, C Rostem, K Stevenson, T Towner, D U-Yen, K Wagner, E Watts, D Wollack, E Xu, ZL Zeng, LZ AF Chuss, David T. Ali, Aamir Amiri, Mandana Appel, John W. Araujo, Derek Bennett, Charles L. Boone, Fletcher Chan, Manwei Cho, Hsiao-Mei Colazo, Felipe Crowe, Erik Denis, Kevin L. Duenner, Rolando Eimer, Joseph Essinger-Hileman, Thomas Gothe, Dominik Halpern, Mark Harrington, Kathleen Hilton, Gene Hinshaw, Gary F. Huang, Caroline Irwin, Kent Jones, Glenn Karakla, John Kogut, Alan J. Larson, David Limon, Michele Lowry, Lindsay Marriage, Tobias Mehrle, Nicholas Miller, Amber D. Miller, Nathan J. Moseley, Samuel H. Novak, Giles Reintsema, Carl Rostem, Karwan Stevenson, Thomas Towner, Deborah U-Yen, Kongpop Wagner, Emily Watts, Duncan Wollack, Edward Xu, Zhilei Zeng, Lingzhen GP IEEE TI The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) Telescope Architecture SO 2014 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 06-11, 2014 CL Hague, NETHERLANDS DE antenna; propagation; measurement ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIMETRY AB We describe the instrument architecture of the CLASS instrument, a ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimeter that will measure the large-scale polarization of the CMB in several frequency bands to search for evidence of inflation. C1 [Chuss, David T.; Colazo, Felipe; Crowe, Erik; Denis, Kevin L.; Kogut, Alan J.; Miller, Nathan J.; Moseley, Samuel H.; Rostem, Karwan; Stevenson, Thomas; Towner, Deborah; U-Yen, Kongpop; Wollack, Edward] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ali, Aamir; Appel, John W.; Bennett, Charles L.; Boone, Fletcher; Chan, Manwei; Eimer, Joseph; Essinger-Hileman, Thomas; Gothe, Dominik; Harrington, Kathleen; Huang, Caroline; Karakla, John; Larson, David; Lowry, Lindsay; Marriage, Tobias; Mehrle, Nicholas; Wagner, Emily; Watts, Duncan; Xu, Zhilei] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Amiri, Mandana; Cho, Hsiao-Mei; Hilton, Gene; Reintsema, Carl] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Duenner, Rolando] PU Catolica, Santiago, Chile. [Halpern, Mark; Hinshaw, Gary F.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Araujo, Derek; Jones, Glenn; Limon, Michele; Miller, Amber D.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Novak, Giles] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. [Zeng, Lingzhen] CfA SAO, Cambridge, MA USA. [Irwin, Kent] Stanford Univ, Pao Alto, CA USA. RP Chuss, DT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM David.T.Chuss@nasa.gov RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Watts, Duncan/0000-0002-5437-6121 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-88-907018-4-9 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2014 BP 2583 EP 2587 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5KZ UT WOS:000361548802182 ER PT S AU Chattopadhyay, G Reck, T Jung-Kubiak, C Lee, C Siles, J Chahat, N Cooper, K Schlecht, E Alonso-delPino, M Mehdi, I AF Chattopadhyay, Goutam Reck, Theodore Jung-Kubiak, Cecile Lee, Choonsup Siles, Jose Chahat, Naser Cooper, Ken Schlecht, Erich Alonso-delPino, Maria Mehdi, Imran GP IEEE TI Terahertz Antennas with Silicon Micromachined Front-End SO 2014 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 06-11, 2014 CL Hague, NETHERLANDS DE Terahertz; Micromachining; DRIE; Lens; Antennas AB Increasingly, terahertz systems are being used for multi-pixel receivers for different applications from mapping the star-forming regions of galaxies to stand-off radar imaging. Since microstrip patch antennas are too lossy and corrugated horn antenna arrays are difficult to machine at terahertz frequencies, suitable antenna array designs have been one of the key area of research for this field. Moreover, silicon micromachined waveguide housing for front-end integration is becoming very popular for multi-pixel terahertz instruments. This paper describes multi-pixel terahertz instruments with silicon-micromachined front-end and discusses design challenges for integrating terahertz antennas with such systems. C1 [Chattopadhyay, Goutam; Reck, Theodore; Jung-Kubiak, Cecile; Lee, Choonsup; Siles, Jose; Chahat, Naser; Cooper, Ken; Schlecht, Erich; Mehdi, Imran] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Alonso-delPino, Maria] Tech Univ Catalonia, Barcelona 08034, Spain. RP Chattopadhyay, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM goutam@jpl.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-88-907018-4-9 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2014 BP 2647 EP 2649 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5KZ UT WOS:000361548802200 ER PT S AU Nessel, J Morse, J Zemba, M AF Nessel, James Morse, Jacquelynne Zemba, Michael GP IEEE TI Results from Two Years of Ka-band Propagation Characterization at Svalbard, Norway SO 2014 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 06-11, 2014 CL Hague, NETHERLANDS DE radiometer; RF propagation measurements; Ka-band; polar climate AB Over the next several years, NASA plans to launch several earth science missions which are expected to achieve data throughputs of 5-40 terabits per day transmitted from low earth orbiting spacecraft to ground stations. The current S-band and X-band frequency allocations in use by NASA, however, are incapable of supporting the data rates required to meet this demand. As such, NASA is in the planning stages to upgrade its existing Near Earth Network (NEN) polar ground stations to support Ka-band (25.5-27 GHz) operations. Consequently, it becomes imperative that characterization of propagation effects at these NEN sites is conducted to determine expected system performance, particularly at low elevation angles (< 10deg) where spacecraft signal acquisition typically occurs. Since May 2011, NASA Glenn Research Center has installed and operated a Ka-band radiometer at the NEN site located in Svalbard, Norway. The Ka-band radiometer monitors the water vapor line, as well as 6 frequencies around 26.5 GHz at multiple elevation angles: 45deg, 20deg, and 10deg. Two-year data collection results indicate comparable performance to previously characterized northern latitude sites in the United States, i.e., Fairbanks, Alaska. It is observed that cloud cover at the Svalbard site remains the dominant loss mechanism for Ka-band links, resulting in a margin requirement of 4.1 dB to maintain link availability of 99% at 10deg elevation. C1 [Nessel, James; Morse, Jacquelynne; Zemba, Michael] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Nessel, J (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-88-907018-4-9 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2014 BP 3511 EP 3515 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5KZ UT WOS:000361548803182 ER PT S AU Guraliue, AR Zhadobov, M Valerio, G Chahat, N Sauleau, R AF Guraliue, A. R. Zhadobov, M. Valerio, G. Chahat, N. Sauleau, R. GP IEEE TI Characterization of the Body-Centric Propagation Channel at 60 GHz in the Presence of Textiles SO 2014 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 06-11, 2014 CL Hague, NETHERLANDS DE Body-centric communication; on-body propagation; millimeter waves; Green's function AB This study deals with the characterization of propagation along the body at 60 GHz. An analytical model based on Green's function representation is proposed for an infinitesimal dipole radiating over the surface of a multilayer structure representing skin and clothing layers. Further, the textile effect on the propagation between two open-ended waveguides along a layered structure is experimentally investigated. C1 [Guraliue, A. R.; Zhadobov, M.; Valerio, G.; Sauleau, R.] Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6164, IETR, Rennes, France. [Chahat, N.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Guraliue, AR (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6164, IETR, Rennes, France. EM anda.guraliuc@univ-rennes1.fr; maxim.zhadobov@univ-rennes1.fr; guido.valerio@univ-rennes1.fr; nacer.chahat@univ-rennes1.fr; ronan.sauleau@univ-rennes1.fr NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-88-907018-4-9 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2014 BP 3575 EP 3577 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5KZ UT WOS:000361548803197 ER PT S AU Jones, KH AF Jones, Kennie H. BE Shakshuki, E Yasar, A TI Engineering Antifragile Systems: A Change In Design Philosophy SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AMBIENT SYSTEMS, NETWORKS AND TECHNOLOGIES (ANT-2014), THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SEIT-2014) SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies (ANT) / 4th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Information Technology (SEIT) CY JUN 02-05, 2014 CL Hasselt, BELGIUM DE Antifragile; Autonomous systems; Autonomy; Complex Systems; Design; Intelligent Systems; Cognitive Systems AB While technology has made astounding advances in the last century, problems are confronting the engineering community that must be solved. Cost and schedule of producing large systems are increasing at an unsustainable rate and these systems often do not perform as intended. New systems are required that may not be achieved by current methods. To solve these problems, NASA is working to infuse concepts from Complexity Science into the engineering process. Some of these problems may be solved by a change in design philosophy. Instead of designing systems to meet known requirements that will always lead to fragile systems at some degree, systems should be designed wherever possible to be antifragile: designing cognitive cyber-physical systems that can learn from their experience, adapt to unforeseen events they face in their environment, and grow stronger in the face of adversity. Several examples are presented of on ongoing research efforts to employ this philosophy. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Jones, KH (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM k.h.jones@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2014 VL 32 BP 870 EP 875 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.504 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Energy & Fuels SC Computer Science; Energy & Fuels GA BD5LN UT WOS:000361562600111 ER PT B AU Mehrpouyan, H Giannakopoulou, D Brat, G Turner, IY Hoyle, C AF Mehrpouyan, Hoda Giannakopoulou, Dimitra Brat, Guillaume Turner, Irem Y. Hoyle, Chris GP ASME TI COMPLEX SYSTEM DESIGN VERIFICATION USING ASSUMPTION GENERATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME DE Complex system verification; Assumption generation; Compositional verification; Conceptual design ID HYBRID SYSTEMS AB In the era of large complex systems with continuous and discrete event components, it is critical to establish a complete design verification strategy to determine whether a system satisfies certain safety properties. However, traditional approaches for the verification of such a complex system lack the ability to take into account all possible system states, efficiently model all component interactions, and accurately quantify the risks and uncertainties. This paper presents a methodology for system-level design of complex systems verification based on compositional model checking. This methodology relies on assumption generation and on the domain independent compositional rules for correctness proof of the design of physical systems. The objective is to present a case study for applying the existing automated compositional verification techniques and observing the characteristics of the verification model. The main advantage of this method is that it enables the designer to verify the safety properties of the system without requiring the detail knowledge of the internal actions of the system. The under-approximate context model of the system design is constructed and, in an iterative approach, its safety properties are analyzed until a violation of a property is found and an execution trace called a counter example is produced. In the case of safety requirements violation, the early generation of counter examples leads to faster design verification. C1 [Mehrpouyan, Hoda; Turner, Irem Y.; Hoyle, Chris] Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Giannakopoulou, Dimitra; Brat, Guillaume] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Mehrpouyan, H (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5586-7 PY 2014 AR V02BT02A017 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD6MH UT WOS:000362379000017 ER PT B AU Shah, PN Vold, H Hensley, D Envia, E Stephens, D AF Shah, Parthiv N. Vold, Havard Hensley, Dan Envia, Edmane Stephens, David GP ASME TI A HIGH-RESOLUTION, CONTINUOUS-SCAN ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENT METHOD FOR TURBOFAN ENGINE APPLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 2A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID ORDER TRACKING; FILTER AB Detailed mapping of the sound field produced by a modern turbofan engine, with its multitude of overlapping noise sources, often requires a large number of microphones to properly resolve the directivity patterns of the constituent tonal and broadband components. This is especially true at high frequencies where the acoustic wavelength is short, or when shielding, scattering, and reflection of the sound field may be present due to installation effects. This paper presents a novel method for measuring the harmonic and broadband content of complex noncompact noise sources using continuously moving (referred to here as continuous-scan) microphones in conjunction with a state-of-the-art phase-referencing technique. Because the microphones are moving through the sound field produced by the noise sources, they effectively provide infinite spatial resolution of the sound directivity over the scan path. In this method, harmonic (i.e., shaft-coherent) content at the integer multiples of the instantaneous shaft rotational frequency is first extracted from the time signal using a tachometer signal and the Vold-Kalman filter. The residual broadband signal is then filtered in the time domain in fractional octave bands. The broadband spectra of the signals from the moving microphones are then computed at arbitrary positions along their scan paths using weighted averages (based on Chebyshev polynomial zero-crossings) and the assumption of a complex envelope that varies slowly over a spatial scale whose lower bound is set by the acoustic wavenumber. A benefit of this method is that the decomposition of the total measured sound field into a stochastic superposition of components preserves a meaningful phase definition for each partial field associated with a given shaft order. This preservation of phase data enables the forward or backward projection of each of these partial fields using acoustical holography. The benefits of the continuous-scan method are demonstrated using acoustic data acquired for a 22-inch scale-model fan stage run at the NASA Glenn Research Center s 9-foot by 15-foot wind tunnel. Two key outcomes of the work include (1) significant improvement in the spatial resolution of the measured sound field and (2) reduction in the overall data acquisition time. Additionally, the methods described here lead to new opportunities for noise source diagnostics and visualization. C1 [Shah, Parthiv N.; Vold, Havard] ATA Engn Inc, San Diego, CA 92128 USA. [Hensley, Dan] ATA Engn Inc, Golden, CO USA. [Envia, Edmane; Stephens, David] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Shah, PN (reprint author), ATA Engn Inc, San Diego, CA 92128 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4560-8 PY 2014 AR V02AT41A013 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD5ZF UT WOS:000361921900078 ER PT B AU Van Zante, DE Envia, E AF Van Zante, Dale E. Envia, Edmane GP ASME TI PREDICTION OF THE AERO-ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE OF OPEN ROTORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 2A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The rising cost of jet fuel has renewed interest in contra-rotating open rotor propulsion systems. Contemporary design methods offer the potential to maintain the inherently high aerodynamic efficiency of open rotors while greatly reducing their noise output, something that was not feasible in the 1980's designs. The primary source mechanisms of open rotor noise generation are thought to be the front rotor wake and tip vortex interacting with the aft rotor. In this paper, advanced measurement techniques and high-fidelity prediction tools are used to gain insight into the relative importance of the contributions to the open rotor noise signature of the front rotor wake and rotor tip vortex. The measurements include three-dimensional particle image velocimetry of the intra-rotor flowfield and the acoustic field of a model-scale open rotor. The predictions provide the unsteady flowfield and the associated acoustic field. The results suggest that while the front rotor tip vortex can have a significant influence on the blade passing tone noise produced by the aft rotor, the front rotor wake plays the decisive role in the generation of the interaction noise produced as a result of the unsteady aerodynamic interaction of the two rotors. At operating conditions typical of takeoff and landing operations, the interaction noise level is easily on par with that generated by the individual rotors, and in some cases is even higher. This suggests that a comprehensive approach to reducing open rotor noise should include techniques for mitigating the wake of the front rotor as well as eliminating the interaction of the front rotor tip vortex with the aft rotor blade tip. C1 [Van Zante, Dale E.; Envia, Edmane] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Van Zante, DE (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4560-8 PY 2014 AR V02AT41A008 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD5ZF UT WOS:000361921900073 ER PT B AU Hah, C Hathaway, M Katz, J AF Hah, Chunill Hathaway, Michael Katz, Joseph GP ASME TI INVESTIGATION OF UNSTEADY FLOW FIELD IN A LOW-SPEED ONE AND A HALF STAGE AXIAL COMPRESSOR: EFFECTS OF TIP GAP SIZE ON THE TIP CLEARANCE FLOW STRUCTURE AT NEAR STALL OPERATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 2D LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The primary focus of this paper is to investigate the effect of rotor tip gap size on how the rotor unsteady tip clearance flow structure changes in a low speed one and half stage axial compressor at near stall operation (for example, where maximum pressure rise is obtained). A Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is applied to calculate the unsteady flow field at this flow condition with both a small and a large tip gaps. The numerically obtained flow fields at the small clearance matches fairly well with the available initial measurements obtained at the Johns Hopkins University with 3-D unsteady PIV in an index-matched test facility which renders the compressor blades and casing optically transparent. With this setup, the unsteady velocity field in the entire flow domain, including the flow inside the tip gap, can be measured. The numerical results are also compared with previously published measurements in a low speed single stage compressor (Maerz et al. [2002]). The current study shows that, with the smaller rotor tip gap, the tip clearance vortex moves to the leading edge plane at near stall operating condition, creating a nearly circumferentially aligned vortex that persists around the entire rotor. On the other hand, with a large tip gap, the clearance vortex stays inside the blade passage at near stall operation. With the large tip gap, flow instability and related large pressure fluctuation at the leading edge are observed in this one and a half stage compressor. Detailed examination of the unsteady flow structure in this compressor stage reveals that the flow instability is due to shed vortices near the leading edge, and not due to a three-dimensional separation vortex originating from the suction side of the blade, which is commonly referred to during a spike-type stall inception. The entire tip clearance flow is highly unsteady. Many vortex structures in the tip clearance flow, including the sheet vortex system near the casing, interact with each other. The core tip clearance vortex, which is formed with the rotor tip gap flows near the leading edge, is also highly unsteady or intermittent due to pressure oscillations near the leading edge and varies from passage to passage. For the current compressor stage, the evidence does not seem to support that a classical vortex breakup occurs in any organized way, even with the large tip gap. Although wakes from the IGV influence the tip clearance flow in the rotor, the major characteristics of rotor tip clearance flows in isolated or single stage rotors are observed in this one and a half stage axial compressor. C1 [Hah, Chunill; Hathaway, Michael] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Katz, Joseph] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Hah, C (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 5-10, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4563-9 PY 2014 AR V02DT44A040 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD5ZI UT WOS:000361923800085 ER PT B AU Liou, MS Yao, WG AF Liou, Meng-Sing Yao, Weigang GP ASME TI FLUTTER ANALYSIS FOR TURBOMACHINERY USING VOLTERRA SERIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 7B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Dusseldorf, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID TURBULENCE MODELS AB The objective of this paper is to describe an accurate and efficient reduced order modeling method for aeroelastic (AE) analysis and for determining the flutter boundary. Without losing accuracy, we develop a reduced order model based on the Volterra series to achieve significant savings in computational cost. The aerodynamic force is provided by a high-fidelity solution from the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations; the structural mode shapes are determined from the finite element analysis. The fluid-structure coupling is then modeled by the state-space formulation with the structural displacement as input and the aerodynamic force as output, which in turn acts as an external force to the aeroelastic displacement equation for providing the structural deformation. NASA's rotor 67 blade is used to study its aeroelastic characteristics under the designated operating condition. First, the CFD results are validated against measured data available for the steady state condition. Then, the accuracy of the developed reduced order model is compared with the full-order solutions. Finally the aeroelastic solutions of the blade are computed and a flutter boundary is identified, suggesting that the rotor with the material property chosen for the study, is structurally stable at the operating condition, free of encountering flutter. C1 [Liou, Meng-Sing] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Aeropropuls Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Yao, Weigang] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Postdoctoral Program, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Liou, MS (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Aeropropuls Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM meng-sing.liou@nasa.gov; w.yao@qub.ac.uk NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4577-6 PY 2014 AR V07BT35A004 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD6IL UT WOS:000362240200062 ER PT J AU Gawande, R Reeves, R Samoska, L Cleary, K Readhead, AC Gaier, T Kangaslahti, P Varonen, M Church, S Devaraj, K Sieth, M Morgan, M AF Gawande, R. Reeves, R. Samoska, L. Cleary, K. Readhead, A. C. Gaier, T. Kangaslahti, P. Varonen, M. Church, S. Devaraj, K. Sieth, M. Morgan, M. GP IEEE TI W-band IQ sub-harmonic mixers with low LO power for cryogenic operation in large arrays SO 2014 9TH EUROPEAN MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT CONFERENCE (EUMIC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Microwave Integrated Circuit Conference (EuMIC) CY OCT 06-07, 2014 CL Rome, ITALY SP GAAS, EuMA AB This paper presents the design and characterization of W-band IQ sub-harmonic MMIC mixers based on the UMS BES Schottky diode process. The mixers were characterized at 300 K and 20 K physical temperature. They are a key component for the compact heterodyne multi-chip modules to be used in the 16-element Argus focal plane array, which will be deployed at the Green Bank Telescope in late 2014. The RF signal is split in quadrature using a Lange coupler, LO is split in-phase using a Wilkinson divider, and an antiparallel diode pair is used for the design of two sub-harmonically pumped mixer cells. The resulting IF outputs from the two cells are I and Q, which can be combined using an off-chip 90 degree hybrid to obtain LSB and USB. Three mixer designs are fabricated using this topology. A conversion loss between 12 to 18 dB is obtained over 80 to 120 GHz of RF for a fixed IF frequency, and over 10 GHz of IF for a fixed LO frequency. These mixers are designed to operate with low LO power without a significant loss in performance. C1 [Gawande, R.; Reeves, R.; Cleary, K.; Readhead, A. C.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Samoska, L.; Gaier, T.; Kangaslahti, P.; Varonen, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Church, S.; Devaraj, K.; Sieth, M.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Morgan, M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Gawande, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-2-87487-036-1 PY 2014 BP 301 EP 304 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BD5NK UT WOS:000361635500077 ER PT J AU Reeves, R Cleary, K Gawande, R Kooi, J Lamb, J Readhead, A Weinreb, S Gaier, T Kangaslahli, P Russell, D Samoska, L Varonen, M Lai, R Sarkozy, S AF Reeves, R. Cleary, K. Gawande, R. Kooi, J. Lamb, J. Readhead, A. Weinreb, S. Gaier, T. Kangaslahli, P. Russell, D. Samoska, L. Varonen, M. Lai, R. Sarkozy, S. GP IEEE TI Cryogenic Probing of mm-Wave MMIC LNAs for Large Focal-Plane Arrays in Radio-Astronomy SO 2014 9TH EUROPEAN MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT CONFERENCE (EUMIC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Microwave Integrated Circuit Conference (EuMIC) CY OCT 06-07, 2014 CL Rome, ITALY SP GAAS, EuMA AB In this paper, we demonstrate non-destructive cryogenic probing of monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) amplifiers at W-band and discuss the implications for the development of large-format focal plane arrays for radio astronomy. Using a purpose-built cryogenic probe station to measure S-parameters and noise temperature of MMIC low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), an order of magnitude increase in efficiency can be achieved when compared with measurements on individually packaged amplifiers. The amplifiers are tested non-destructively, which enables selection based on cryogenic noise and gain; this is crucial for the development of highly-integrated miniaturized receivers for focal plane arrays, such as those used for the measurement of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization and future arrays aimed at probing the epoch of reionization (EoR). C1 [Reeves, R.; Cleary, K.; Gawande, R.; Kooi, J.; Lamb, J.; Readhead, A.; Weinreb, S.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gaier, T.; Kangaslahli, P.; Russell, D.; Samoska, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Varonen, M.] Aalto Univ, Espoo, Finland. [Lai, R.; Sarkozy, S.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA USA. [Reeves, R.] Univ Concepcion, Dept Astron, CePIA, Concepcion, Chile. RP Reeves, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-2-87487-036-1 PY 2014 BP 580 EP 583 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BD5NK UT WOS:000361635500143 ER PT B AU Lall, P Harsha, M Suhling, J Goebel, K AF Lall, Pradeep Harsha, Mahendra Suhling, Jeff Goebel, Kai GP ASME TI DAMAGE PRE-CURSORS BASED PROGNOSTICATION OF ACCRUED DAMAGE AND ASSESSMENT OF OPERATIONAL READINESS OF LEADFREE ELECTRONICS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION ON PACKAGING AND INTEGRATION OF ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC MICROSYSTEMS, 2013, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems CY JUL 16-18, 2013 CL Burlingame, CA SP ASME, Elect & Photon Package Div ID BOUNDARY-SCAN; RELIABILITY; SHOCK; VIBRATION; TESTABILITY; DESIGN; BIST AB Electronics in high reliability applications may be stored for extended periods of time prior to deployment. Prior studies have shown the elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the SAC leadfree alloys reduces under prolonged exposure to high temperatures [Zhang 2009]. The thermal cycle magnitudes may vary over the lifetime of the product. Long-life systems may be re-deployed several times over the use life of the product. Previously, the authors have identified damage pre-cursors for correlation of the damage progression with the microstructural evolution of damage in second level interconnects [Lall 2004(a-d), 2005(a-b), 2006(a-f), 2007(a-e), 2008(a-f) 2009(a-d), 2010(a-j)]. Leadfree assemblies with Sn3Ag0.5Cu solder have been subjected to variety of thermal aging conditions including 60 degrees C, 85 degrees C and 125 degrees C for periods of time between 1-week and 2-months, thermal cycling from -55 degrees C to 125 degrees C, -40 degrees C to 95 degrees C and 3 degrees C to 100 degrees C. The presented methodology uses leading indicators of failure based on microstructural evolution of damage to identify accrued damage in electronic systems subjected to sequential stresses of thermal aging and thermal cycling. Damage equivalency relationships have been developed to map damage accrued in thermal aging to the reduction in thermo-mechanical cyclic life based on damage proxies. Accrued damage between different thermal cyclic magnitudes has also been mapped for from -55 degrees C to 125 degrees C, -40 degrees C to 95 degrees C and 3 degrees C to 100 degrees C thermal cycles. The presented method for interrogation of the accrued damage for the field deployed electronics, significantly prior to failure, may allow insight into the damage initiation and progression of the deployed system. The expected error with interrogation of system state and assessment of residual life has been quantified. C1 [Lall, Pradeep; Harsha, Mahendra; Suhling, Jeff] Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, NSF CAVE3 Elect Res Ctr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Goebel, Kai] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Lall, P (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, NSF CAVE3 Elect Res Ctr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM lall@eng.auburn.edu NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5575-1 PY 2014 AR V001T05A014 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science GA BD5JG UT WOS:000361499600055 ER PT B AU Lall, P Mirza, K Harsha, M Suhling, J Goebel, K AF Lall, Pradeep Mirza, Kazi Harsha, Mahendra Suhling, Jeff Goebel, Kai GP ASME TI METHOD FOR ASSESSMENT OF PROLONGED AND INTERMITTENT STORAGE ON RELIABILITY OF LEADFREE ELECTRONICS USING LEADING INDICATORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION ON PACKAGING AND INTEGRATION OF ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC MICROSYSTEMS, 2013, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems CY JUL 16-18, 2013 CL Burlingame, CA SP ASME, Elect & Photon Packag Div ID BOUNDARY-SCAN; TESTABILITY; DESIGN; BIST AB Electronic systems may be subjected to prolonged and intermittent periods of storage prior to deployment or usage. Prior studies have shown that leadfree solder interconnects show measurable degradation in the mechanical properties even after brief exposures to high temperature. In this paper, a method has been developed for the determining equivalent storage time to produce identical damage at a different temperature. Electronics subjected to accelerated tests often have a well-defined thermal profile for a specified period of time. Quantification of the thermal profile in field deployed electronics may be often difficult because of variance in the environment conditions and usage profile. There is need for tools and techniques to quantify damage in deployed systems in absence of macro-indicators of damage without knowledge of prior stress history. Approach for mapping damage in leadfree second-level interconnects under between thermal conditions is new. High reliability applications such as avionics and missile systems may be often exposed to long periods of storage prior to deployment. Effect of storage at different temperature conditions can be mapped using the presented approach. A framework has been developed to investigate the system state and estimate the remaining useful life of solder ball subjected to a variety of isothermal aging conditions including 60 degrees C, 75 degrees C and 125 degrees C for periods of time between 1-week and 4-week. Data on damage precursors has been collected and analyzed to derive physics based damage mapping relationships for aging. Mathematical relationships have been derived for the damage mapping to various thermal storage environments to facilitate determining appropriate time-temperature combination to reach a particular level of damage state. Activation energy for the leading indicators of failure is also computed. Specific damage proxies examined include the phase-growth indicator and the intermetallic thickness. The viability of the approach has been demonstrated for leadfree test assemblies subjected to multiple thermal aging at 60 degrees C, 75 degrees C and 125 degrees C. Damage mapping relationships are derived from data based on the two separate leading indicators. C1 [Lall, Pradeep; Mirza, Kazi; Harsha, Mahendra; Suhling, Jeff] Auburn Univ, NSF CAVE3 Elect Res Ctr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Goebel, Kai] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lall, P (reprint author), Auburn Univ, NSF CAVE3 Elect Res Ctr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM lall@auburn.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5575-1 PY 2014 AR V001T04A025 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science GA BD5JG UT WOS:000361499600041 ER PT B AU Martin, MJ Manohara, H AF Martin, Michael James Manohara, Harish GP ASME TI THERMO-ELECTRIC MODELING OF NANOTUBE-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL SENSORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION ON PACKAGING AND INTEGRATION OF ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC MICROSYSTEMS, 2013, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems CY JUL 16-18, 2013 CL Burlingame, CA SP ASME, Elect & Photon Packag Div AB Free-standing electrically conductive nanotube and nanobridge structures offer a simple, small-scale, low-power option for pressure and temperature sensing. To sense pressure, a constant voltage is applied across the bridge. At small scales, the heat transfer coefficient is pressure-dependent. The change in the heat transfer coefficients result in the circuit operating at higher temperatures, with different resistances, at low pressures. This in turn will lead to a change in the electrical resistivity of the system. If the system is held at constant voltage, this can be measured as a change in the current in such systems, representing a simple alternative to existing Pirani gauges. The current work simulates the Joule heating, conduction and convection heat transfer of a 5 micron long suspended single-wall carbon nanotube, incorporating temperature-sensitive material properties. The simulation allows prediction of the thermo-electrical response of the systems. The results agree with the trends observed in existing devices. Additional results look at the effects of system length, temperature, and contact resistances between the substrate and the device. C1 [Martin, Michael James] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Manohara, Harish] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Microdevices Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Martin, MJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5575-1 PY 2014 AR V001T04A001 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science GA BD5JG UT WOS:000361499600017 ER PT B AU Ganapathi, GB Palisoc, A Nesmith, B Greschik, G Gidanian, K Kindler, A AF Ganapathi, Gani B. Palisoc, Art Nesmith, Bill Greschik, Gyula Gidanian, Koorosh Kindler, Andrew GP ASME TI LOW-COST LIGHTWEIGHT THIN FILM SOLAR CONCENTRATORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div HO Seaport World Trade Ctr AB A low-cost rigid foam-based concentrator technology development program was funded by the DOE SunShot Initiative to meet installed cost goals of $75/m(2) vs. current costs of $200-250/m(2). The cost reduction in this approach focuses primarily on designing a mirror module with a rigid foam center with stainless steel facesheets and reflective film. The low mechanical strength of the foam is compensated by optimizing the densities and dimensions to meet pointing accuracy requirements of 4 milliradians (mrad) in 27mph winds. Two alpha concentrators were built to validate the mirror module manufacturing process and one of them was accurate to 0.15 mrad RMS vs. the design requirement of 1 mrad RMS. To understand the lifetime reliability of the panels, fifteen 4-inch square samples were exposed to various environmental conditions including acid rain, bird droppings, thermal cycling, and the final results indicated no loss in reflectivity of 95%. UV testing will be performed in the next phase. Three mechanical structure options covering the range of large multifaceted heliostats with diagonal load carrying elements, small single facet heliostats low to the ground and optimized truss-based deep structure designs were analyzed with FEA and analytically; results indicated a significant cost benefit (>2x) for the truss-based design over the other options. Other elements such as the controls, actuators were also considered in th analysis with vendor data. Cost trades were performed for heliostats ranging from 10m(2) to 250m(2). The results indicated a broad installed cost minimum around $113/m(2) for heliostat sizes ranging from 80 m(2) to 130 m(2). Additional cost saving approaches will be considered in Phase 2 of the project. C1 [Ganapathi, Gani B.; Nesmith, Bill; Kindler, Andrew] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Palisoc, Art] LGarde Inc, Tustin, CA USA. [Greschik, Gyula] TentGuild Engn, Boulder, CO USA. [Gidanian, Koorosh] KNF Corp, Laguna Beach, CA USA. RP Ganapathi, GB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM gani.b.ganapathi@jpl.nasa.gov; art_palisoc@lgarde.com; bill.j.nesmith@jpl.nasa.gov; greschik@teguec.com; kgidanian@gmail.com; andrew.kindler@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4586-8 PY 2014 AR V001T02A023 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD4XQ UT WOS:000361161900031 ER PT S AU Gibson, C Karban, R Andolfato, L Day, J AF Gibson, Corrina Karban, Robert Andolfato, Luigi Day, John BE Madni, AM Boehm, B TI Abstractions for Executable and Checkable Fault Management Models SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Systems Engineering Research CY MAR 20-22, 2014 CL Redondo Beach, CA DE Model Checking; Model execution; Java Pathfinder; SysML; Statechart; Fault Protection; Design Validation AB The work presented in this paper describes an approach used to develop SysML modeling patterns to express the logical behavior of fault protection (FP), test the model's logic via fault injection simulations, and verify the system's logical design via model checking. A FP model was architected with collaborating Statecharts that captures interactions between relevant system components (error monitors, FP engine, devices) and system behavior abstractions. Development of a method to implement verifiable and lightweight executable FP models enables future missions to have access to larger fault test domains and verifiable design patterns. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Gibson, Corrina; Day, John] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91011 USA. [Karban, Robert; Andolfato, Luigi] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Gibson, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91011 USA. EM Corrina.L.Gibson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2014 VL 28 BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2014.03.019 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD4JF UT WOS:000360837700018 ER PT S AU Lineberger, K Levitt, J Smith, DJ Van Nguyen, T Peter, AM AF Lineberger, Kimberly Levitt, Jennifer Smith, David J. Troy Van Nguyen Peter, Adrian M. BE Madni, AM Boehm, B TI A systems engineering approach to quantitative comparison of molecular instruments for use on the International Space Station SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Systems Engineering Research CY MAR 20-22, 2014 CL Redondo Beach, CA DE Quality Function Deployment; QFD; Analytical Hierarchy Process; AHP; Pugh Matrix: Microbial Monitoring; qPCR AB The presence of microorganisms on the International Space Station (ISS) poses a threat to the health and safety of the ISS crew. Currently the ISS utilizes culture-based methods to detect and identify microorganisms. These methods are out dated and time-consuming. Molecular methods can deliver accurate results and require less processing time. This article details an approach to determine which molecular methods instrument most closely meets the Microbial Monitoring System (MMS) requirements for use on the ISS. We utilize the decision-theoretic Analytical Hierarchy Process and Quality Function Deployment while aligning the systems requirements vs. instrument capabilities in a Pugh Matrix to perform a quantitative assessment of six candidate systems, with the analysis yielding a single recommended instrument for use on the ISS. We demonstrate our techniques to be very effective for selection of the best instrument-the recommended system is currently under consideration for use on the ISS. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lineberger, Kimberly; Troy Van Nguyen; Peter, Adrian M.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Levitt, Jennifer; Smith, David J.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Lineberger, K (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, 150 West Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM klineberger2012@my.fit.edu RI Peter, Adrian/L-6369-2015 OI Peter, Adrian/0000-0001-8124-5648 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2014 VL 28 BP 340 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2014.03.042 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD4JF UT WOS:000360837700040 ER PT S AU Port, D Wilf, J AF Port, Dan Wilf, Joel BE Madni, AM Boehm, B TI The Value Proposition for Assurance of JPL Systems SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Systems Engineering Research CY MAR 20-22, 2014 CL Redondo Beach, CA DE systems; assurance; value; value proposition; risk; uncertainty; systems engineering; engineering economics AB This paper presents a value proposition for systems assurance. The need for a value proposition is motivated by common misconceptions about the definition of assurance and the value of performing systems assurance activities. The focus of the value proposition is that assurance reduces uncertainty so that projects can make more confident decisions about their systems. Applying the value proposition has led to insights into the nature of assurance and has improved the practice of software assurance, where it has been applied at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Ongoing work on using the value proposition for "value-based tailoring" of requirements and integrating value considerations into assurance cost models are also discussed. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wilf, Joel] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96734 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Wilf, J (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, 2404 Maile Way,E601d, Honolulu, HI 96734 USA. EM dport@hawaii.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2014 VL 28 BP 398 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2014.03.049 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD4JF UT WOS:000360837700047 ER PT S AU Neilson, TA Donaldson, JA AF Neilson, Tracy A. Donaldson, James A. BE Madni, AM Boehm, B TI Curiosity's Fault Tolerant Wakeup and Shutdown Design SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Systems Engineering Research CY MAR 20-22, 2014 CL Redondo Beach, CA DE Wakeup; shutdown; Mars Science Laboratory; Curiosity; robotics; spacecraft surface operations; fault tolerance; fault protection; lizard brain AB Curiosity spends roughly 70% of the day "sleeping", in order to recharge the batteries from the nuclear power source. The system is designed to ensure the Rover goes to sleep and wakes back up to continue science and engineering activities. Additionally, the design is robust to off-nominal situations that may need additional actions performed by both hardware and software to ensure the Rover can communicate with the Earth. This paper describes nominal and off-nominal behavioral patterns, fault tolerance features designed into the Rover system (hardware and software), several off-nominal scenarios that are accommodated by the design, and some lessons learned from this development effort. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Neilson, Tracy A.; Donaldson, James A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Neilson, TA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. EM Tracy.A.Neilson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2014 VL 28 BP 441 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2014.03.054 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD4JF UT WOS:000360837700052 ER PT S AU Byrne, DJ Morgan, D Tan, K Johnson, B Dorros, C AF Byrne, D. J. Morgan, David Tan, Kymie Johnson, Bryan Dorros, Chris BE Madni, AM Boehm, B TI Cyber Defense of Space-Based Assets: Verifying and Validating Defensive Designs and Implementations SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Systems Engineering Research CY MAR 20-22, 2014 CL Redondo Beach, CA DE cyber security; cyber defense; v&v; verification; validation; testbed AB The evolving nature of a malicious and persistent threat is unlike traditional environmental hazards to space flight missions, such as radiation. Consequently, engineering mission systems to be resilient to this new generation of threats may require extending or modifying traditional systems engineering processes and paradigms so as to effectively address the more dynamic behavior and characteristics of the intelligent adversary. This paper steps through a live deployment of a common reconnaissance attack on mission systems that have been deemed "secure" by traditional means, e.g., via compliance to the canonical IT Security Plan. The observations and lessons learned from studying a live attack in a mission context enabled us to identify and map out those critical areas that must be addressed in future systems engineering efforts. Particularly those that aim to build more resilient mission systems to the cyber adversary. In short, the simple reconnaissance demonstration presented here illustrates how a collection of "secure" machines can be assembled into an insecure system requiring that we explore cyber-defensive testing facilities, methodologies, toolsets, and how these can be linked to testing goals. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Byrne, D. J.; Tan, Kymie; Johnson, Bryan; Dorros, Chris] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Morgan, David] Santa Monica Coll, Santa Monica, CA 90405 USA. RP Byrne, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM djbyrne@jpl.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2014 VL 28 BP 522 EP 530 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2014.03.064 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD4JF UT WOS:000360837700062 ER PT S AU Rice, EB AlMajali, A AF Rice, Eric B. AlMajali, Anas BE Madni, AM Boehm, B TI Mitigating The Risk Of Cyber Attack On Smart Grid Systems SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Systems Engineering Research CY MAR 20-22, 2014 CL Redondo Beach, CA DE Smart Grid; Systems Engineering; Cyber Security; Cyber-physical Systems AB Smart Grid technologies are being developed to upgrade the power grid with networked metrology and controls that can improve efficiency and provide new methods to manage the system. While these technologies offer great benefits, they also introduce new classes of risk, most notably creating new attack vectors that can be exploited by cyber attack. To assess and address risks in cyber-physical systems like these, the system designer's toolset needs to include concepts drawn from cyber security, reliability, and fault tolerance design, integrated into a common methodology. In this paper, we discuss the fragmented landscape of studies into the risk of cyber attack on smart metering systems, and then draw on concepts from systems engineering and fault tolerance design to organize and unify the pieces. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rice, Eric B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [AlMajali, Anas] Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Rice, EB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. EM Eric.B.Rice@jpl.nasa.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2014 VL 28 BP 575 EP 582 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2014.03.070 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD4JF UT WOS:000360837700068 ER PT J AU Ting, DZ Hill, CJ Soibel, A Keo, SA Mumolo, JM Gunapala, SD AF Ting, David Z. Hill, Cory J. Soibel, Alexander Keo, Sam A. Mumolo, Jason M. Gunapala, Sarath D. GP IEEE TI Midwave Barrier Infrared Detector with Quantum Dot Enhancement SO 2014 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY SUMMER TOPICAL MEETING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Photonics-Society Summer Topical Meeting Series CY JUL 14-16, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE DE midwave infrared; infrared detector; nBn; quantum dot AB Multiple layers of self-assembled InSb quantum dots are inserted into a standard InAsSb/AlAsSb midwave infrared nBn detector to extend the photo-response wavelength range while maintaining excellent dark current performance. C1 [Ting, David Z.; Hill, Cory J.; Soibel, Alexander; Keo, Sam A.; Mumolo, Jason M.; Gunapala, Sarath D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Infrared Photodetectors, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Ting, DZ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Infrared Photodetectors, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-2767-8 PY 2014 BP 69 EP 70 DI 10.1109/SUM.2014.43 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD4QL UT WOS:000361018200036 ER PT J AU Milione, G Huang, H Lavery, MPJ Nguyen, TA Xie, GD Cao, YW Willner, M Tur, M Dolinar, S Alfano, RR Padgett, MJ Willner, AE AF Milione, Giovanni Huang, Hao Lavery, Martin P. J. Thien An Nguyen Xie, Guodong Cao, Yinwen Willner, Moshe Tur, Moshe Dolinar, Sam Alfano, Robert R. Padgett, Miles J. Willner, Alan E. GP IEEE TI Orbital-Angular-Momentum Mode (De) Multiplexer: A Single Optical Element for MIMO-based and non-MIMO-based Multimode Fiber Systems SO 2014 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION (OFC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC) CY MAR 09-13, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA ID DIVISION; TRANSMISSION AB A mode (de) multiplexer in a basis of OAM modes for MIMO-based and non-MIMO-based multimode fiber systems is experimentally demonstrated which via a single optical element can (de) multiplex and generate individual modes with potential scalability. C1 [Milione, Giovanni; Thien An Nguyen; Alfano, Robert R.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, Inst Ultrafast Spect & Lasers, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Lavery, Martin P. J.; Padgett, Miles J.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Huang, Hao; Xie, Guodong; Cao, Yinwen; Willner, Moshe; Tur, Moshe; Willner, Alan E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Dolinar, Sam] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Milione, Giovanni; Lavery, Martin P. J.; Thien An Nguyen; Alfano, Robert R.; Padgett, Miles J.] New York State Ctr Complex Light, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Milione, G (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, Inst Ultrafast Spect & Lasers, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM giomilione@gmail.com; haoh@usc.edu RI Lavery, Martin/H-2265-2015 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-993-0 PY 2014 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD4RH UT WOS:000361020300127 ER PT J AU Xie, GD Ren, YX Huang, H Lavery, MPJ Ahmed, N Yan, Y Bao, CJ Li, L Zhao, Z Cao, YW Willner, M Padgett, MJ Tur, M Dolinar, SJ Boyd, RW Shapiro, JH Willner, AE AF Xie, Guodong Ren, Yongxiong Huang, Hao Lavery, Martin P. J. Ahmed, Nisar Yan, Yan Bao, Changjing Li, Long Zhao, Zhe Cao, Yinwen Willner, Moshe Padgett, Miles J. Tur, Moshe Dolinar, Samuel J. Boyd, Robert W. Shapiro, Jeffrey H. Willner, Alan E. GP IEEE TI Experiment Turbulence Compensation of 50-Gbaud/s Orbital-Angular-Momentum QPSK Signals Using Intensity-only based SPGD Algorithm SO 2014 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION (OFC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC) CY MAR 09-13, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA ID SPACE OPTICAL LINK; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE AB An intensity-based algorithm is employed to derive the correction phase pattern for a distorted probe orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) beam. This correction pattern is used to compensate the distortions of three multiplexed OAM beams, each carrying a 50-Gbaud QPSK signal. The crosstalk between channels is reduced by >5 dB with this approach. C1 [Xie, Guodong; Ren, Yongxiong; Huang, Hao; Ahmed, Nisar; Yan, Yan; Bao, Changjing; Li, Long; Zhao, Zhe; Cao, Yinwen; Willner, Moshe; Willner, Alan E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Lavery, Martin P. J.; Padgett, Miles J.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Tur, Moshe] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. [Dolinar, Samuel J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Boyd, Robert W.] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Shapiro, Jeffrey H.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Xie, GD (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM guodongx@usc.edu RI Lavery, Martin/H-2265-2015 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-993-0 PY 2014 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD4RH UT WOS:000361020300511 ER PT B AU Tian, ZH Leckey, CAC Seebo, JP Yu, LY AF Tian, Zhenhua Leckey, Cara A. C. Seebo, Jeffrey P. Yu, Lingyu GP ASME TI GUIDED WAVE DELAMINATION DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION WITH WAVEFIELD DATA ANALYSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS) CY SEP 08-10, 2014 CL Newport, RI SP ASME, Aerospace Div ID LAMB WAVES; COMPOSITES; DAMAGE; IMPACT AB Unexpected damage can occur in aerospace composites due to impact events or material stress during off-nominal loading events. In particular, laminated composites are susceptible to delamination damage due to weak transverse tensile and interlaminar shear strengths. Developments of reliable and quantitative techniques to detect delamination damage in laminated composites are imperative for safe and functional optimally-designed next-generation composite structures. In this paper, we investigate guided wave interactions with delamination damage and develop quantification algorithms by using wavefield data analysis. The trapped guided waves in the delamination region are observed from the wavefield data and further quantitatively interpreted by using different wavenumber analysis methods. The frequency-wavenumber representation of the wavefield shows that new wavenumbers are present and correlate to trapped waves in the damage region. These new wavenumbers are used to detect and quantify the delamination damage through the wavenumber analysis, which can show how the wavenumber changes as a function of wave propagation distance. The location and spatial duration of new wavenumbers can be identified, providing a useful means not only for detecting the presence of delamination damage but also for estimation of the delamination size. Our method has been applied to detect and quantify real delamination damage with complex geometry (grown using a quasi-static indentation technique). The detection and quantification results show the location, size, and shape of the delamination damage. C1 [Tian, Zhenhua; Yu, Lingyu] Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Leckey, Cara A. C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Seebo, Jeffrey P.] Analyt Mech Associates Inc, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Tian, ZH (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM tianz@email.sc.edu; cara.ac.leckey@nasa.gov; jeffrey.p.seebo@nasa.gov; yu3@cec.sc.edu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4614-8 PY 2014 AR V001T05A010 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD4NY UT WOS:000360948000089 ER PT B AU Cornell, SR Leser, WP Hochhalter, JD Newman, JA Hartl, DJ AF Cornell, Stephen R. Leser, William P. Hochhalter, Jacob D. Newman, John A. Hartl, Darren J. GP ASME TI DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EMBEDDED SENSORY PARTICLES USING MULTI-SCALE 3D DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2014, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS) CY SEP 08-10, 2014 CL Newport, RI SP ASME, Aerospace Div AB A method for detecting fatigue cracks has been explored at NASA Langley Research Center Microscopic NiTi shape memory alloy (sensory) particles were embedded in a 7050 aluminum alloy matrix to detect the presence of fatigue cracks. Cracks exhibit an elevated stress field near their tip inducing a martensitic phase transformation in nearby sensory particles. Detectable levels of acoustic energy are emitted upon particle phase transformation such that the existence and location of fatigue cracks can be detected. To test this concept, a fatigue crack was grown in a mode-I single-edge notch fatigue crack growth specimen containing sensory particles. As the crack approached the sensory particles, measurements of particle strain, matrix-particle debonding, and phase transformation behavior of the sensory particles were performed. Full-field deformation measurements were performed using a novel multi-scale optical 3D digital image correlation (DIC) system. This information will be used in a finite element-based study to determine optimal sensory material behavior and density. C1 [Cornell, Stephen R.; Hartl, Darren J.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Leser, William P.; Hochhalter, Jacob D.; Newman, John A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Cornell, SR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4615-5 PY 2014 AR V002T02A010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD4NZ UT WOS:000360949200010 ER PT S AU Alvarez-Salazar, O Hatch, S Rocca, J Rosen, P Shaffer, S Shen, Y Sweetser, T Xaypraseuth, P AF Alvarez-Salazar, Oscar Hatch, Sara Rocca, Jennifer Rosen, Paul Shaffer, Scott Shen, Yuhsyen Sweetser, Theodore Xaypraseuth, Peter BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Mission Design for NISAR Repeat-Pass Interferometric SAR SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XVIII CY SEP 22-25, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE SAR; InSAR; repeat pass interferometry; orbit control; pointing control; error budget AB The proposed spaceborne NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) mission would use the repeat-pass interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique to measure the changing shape of Earth's surface at the centimeter scale in support of investigations in solid Earth and cryospheric sciences. Repeat-pass InSAR relies on multiple SAR observations acquired from nearly identical positions of the spacecraft as seen from the ground. Consequently, there are tight constraints on the repeatability of the orbit, and given the narrow field of view of the radar antenna beam, on the repeatability of the beam pointing. The quality and accuracy of the InSAR data depend on highly precise control of both orbital position and observatory pointing throughout the science observation life of the mission. This paper describes preliminary NISAR requirements and rationale for orbit repeatability and attitude control in order to meet science requirements. A preliminary error budget allocation and an implementation approach to meet these allocations are also discussed. C1 [Alvarez-Salazar, Oscar; Hatch, Sara; Rocca, Jennifer; Rosen, Paul; Shaffer, Scott; Shen, Yuhsyen; Sweetser, Theodore; Xaypraseuth, Peter] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91011 USA. RP Alvarez-Salazar, O (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91011 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-304-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9241 AR 92410C DI 10.1117/12.2074162 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BD4QE UT WOS:000361006200009 ER PT S AU Basilio, RR Pollock, HR Hunyadi-Lay, SL AF Basilio, Ralph R. Pollock, H. Randy Hunyadi-Lay, Sarah L. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI OCO-2 (Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2) mission operations planning and initial operations experiences SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XVIII CY SEP 22-25, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE atmospheric; carbon; carbon dioxide; spectrometer AB OCO-2 (Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2) is the first NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) mission dedicated to studying atmospheric carbon dioxide, specifically to identify sources (emitters) and sinks (absorbers) on a regional (1000 km x 1000 km) scale. The mission is designed to meet a science imperative by providing critical and urgent measurements needed to improve understanding of the carbon cycle and global climate change processes. The single instrument consisting of three grating spectrometers was built at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, but is based on the design co-developed with Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation for the original OCO mission. The instrument underwent an extensive ground test program. This was generally made possible through the use of a thermal vacuum chamber with a window/port that allowed optical ground support equipment to stimulate the instrument. The instrument was later delivered to Orbital Sciences Corporation for integration and test with the LEOStar-2 spacecraft. During the overall ground test campaign, proper function and performance in simulated launch, ascent, and space environments were verified. The observatory was launched into space on 02 July 2014. Initial indications are that the instrument is meeting functional and performance specifications, and there is every expectation that the spatially-order, geo-located, calibrated spectra of reflected sunlight and the science retrievals will meet the Level 1 science requirements. C1 [Basilio, Ralph R.; Pollock, H. Randy; Hunyadi-Lay, Sarah L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Basilio, RR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Ralph.R.Basilio@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-304-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9241 AR 924105 DI 10.1117/12.2074164 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BD4QE UT WOS:000361006200004 ER PT S AU Cisewski, M Zawodny, J Gasbarre, J Eckman, R Topiwala, N Rodriguez-Alvarez, O Cheek, D Hall, S AF Cisewski, Michael Zawodny, Joseph Gasbarre, Joseph Eckman, Richard Topiwala, Nandkishore Rodriguez-Alvarez, Otilia Cheek, Dianne Hall, Steve BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE III) on the International Space Station (ISS) Mission SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XVIII CY SEP 22-25, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Stratosphere; Ozone; Aerosol; solar occultation; lunar occultation; International Space Station AB The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III on the International Space Station (SAGE III/ISS) mission will provide the science community with high-vertical resolution and nearly global observations of ozone, aerosols, water vapor, nitrogen dioxide, and other trace gas species in the stratosphere and upper-troposphere. SAGE III/ISS measurements will extend the long-term Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement (SAM) and SAGE data record begun in the 1970s. The multi-decadal SAGE ozone and aerosol data sets have undergone intense scrutiny and are considered the international standard for accuracy and stability. SAGE data have been used to monitor the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol. Key objectives of the mission are to assess the state of the recovery in the distribution of ozone, to re-establish the aerosol measurements needed by both climate and ozone models, and to gain further insight into key processes contributing to ozone and aerosol variability. The space station mid-inclination orbit allows for a large range in latitude sampling and nearly continuous communications with payloads. The SAGE III instrument is the fifth in a series of instruments developed for monitoring atmospheric constituents with high vertical resolution. The SAGE III instrument is a moderate resolution spectrometer covering wavelengths from 290 nm to 1550 nm. Science data is collected in solar occultation mode, lunar occultation mode, and limb scatter measurement mode. A SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle will provide access to space. Mounted in the unpressurized section of the Dragon trunk, SAGE III will be robotically removed from the Dragon and installed on the space station. SAGE III/ISS will be mounted to the ExPRESS Logistics Carrier-4 (ELC-4) location on the starboard side of the station. To facilitate a nadir view from this location, a Nadir Viewing Platform (NVP) payload was developed which mounts between the carrier and the SAGE III Instrument Payload (IP). C1 [Cisewski, Michael; Zawodny, Joseph; Gasbarre, Joseph; Cheek, Dianne; Hall, Steve] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Eckman, Richard; Topiwala, Nandkishore] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Rodriguez-Alvarez, Otilia] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cisewski, M (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 11 Langley Blvd, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-304-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9241 AR 924107 DI 10.1117/12.2073131 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BD4QE UT WOS:000361006200006 ER PT S AU Huddlestona, LL Roeder, WP Morabito, DD D'Addario, L Morgan, JG Barbre, RE Decker, RK Geldzahlerf, B Seibert, MA Miller, MJ AF Huddlestona, Lisa L. Roeder, William P. Morabito, David D. D'Addario, Larry Morgan, Jennifer G. Barbre, Robert E., Jr. Decker, Ryan K. Geldzahlerf, Barry Seibert, Marc A. Miller, Michael J. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Remote sensing at the NASA Kennedy Space Center and the Eastern Range: a perspective from the ground up SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XVIII CY SEP 22-25, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Remote sensing; Eastern Range (ER); Kennedy Space Center (KSC); Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) weather; radar; lightning sensors; Doppler Radar Wind Profilers (DRWPs); antenna arrays; atmospheric fluctuations; coherent uplink; phased arrays; adaptive optics; site test interferometers (STIs) AB This paper provides an overview of ground based operational remote sensing activities that enable a broad range of missions at the Eastern Range (ER), which includes the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and U.S. Air Force Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). Many types of sensors are in use by KSC and across the ER. We examine remote sensors for winds, lightning and electric fields, precipitation and storm hazards. These sensors provide data that are used in real-time to evaluate launch commit criteria during space launches, major ground processing operations in preparation for space launches, issuing weather warnings/watches/advisories to protect over 25,000 people and facilities worth over $20 billion, and routine weather forecasts. The data from these sensors are archived to focus NASA launch vehicle design studies, to develop forecast techniques, and for incident investigation. The wind sensors include the 50-MHz and 915-MHz Doppler Radar Wind Profilers (DRWP) and the Doppler capability of the weather surveillance radars. The atmospheric electricity sensors include lightning aloft detectors, cloud-to-ground lightning detectors, and surface electric field mills. The precipitation and storm hazards sensors include weather surveillance radars. Next, we discuss a new type of remote sensor that may lead to better tracking of near-Earth asteroids versus current capabilities. The Ka Band Objects Observation and Monitoring (KaBOOM) is a phased array of three 12 meter (m) antennas being built as a technology demonstration for a future radar system that could be used to track deep-space objects such as asteroids. Transmissions in the Ka band allow for wider bandwidth than at lower frequencies, but the signals are also far more susceptible to de-correlation from turbulence in the troposphere, as well as attenuation due to water vapor, which is plentiful in the Central Florida atmosphere. If successful, KaBOOM will have served as the pathfinder for a larger and more capable instrument that will enable tracking 15 m asteroids up to 72 million kilometers (km) away, about half the distance to the Sun and five times further than we can track today. Finally, we explore the use of Site Test Interferometers (STI) as atmospheric sensors. The STI antennas continually observe signals emitted by geostationary satellites and produce measurements of the phase difference between the received signals. STIs are usually located near existing or candidate antenna array sites to statistically characterize atmospheric phase delay fluctuation effects for the site. An STI measures the fluctuations in the difference of atmospheric delay from an extraterrestrial source to two or more points on the Earth. There is a three-element STI located at the KaBOOM site at KSC. C1 [Huddlestona, Lisa L.; Morgan, Jennifer G.; Barbre, Robert E., Jr.; Decker, Ryan K.; Seibert, Marc A.; Miller, Michael J.] Kennedy Space Ctr, Nat Aeronaut & Space Adm, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Roeder, William P.] Patrick Air Force Base, United States Air Force, Cocoa Beach, FL USA. [Morabito, David D.; D'Addario, Larry] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Washington, DC USA. [Barbre, Robert E., Jr.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Jacobs, FL USA. [Decker, Ryan K.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Geldzahlerf, Barry] NASA, Washington, DC USA. RP Huddlestona, LL (reprint author), Kennedy Space Ctr, Nat Aeronaut & Space Adm, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM lisa.l.huddleston@nasa.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-304-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9241 AR 924102 DI 10.1117/12.2085784 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BD4QE UT WOS:000361006200001 ER PT S AU Larar, AM Zhou, DK Liu, X Smith, WL Rochette, L Noe, A Oliver, D Tian, J AF Larar, Allen M. Zhou, Daniel K. Liu, Xu Smith, William L. Rochette, Luc Noe, Anna Oliver, Don Tian, Jialin BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Ground testing and campaign intercomparisons with the NAST-I airborne FTS SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XVIII CY SEP 22-25, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Airborne remote sensing; interferometer; advanced sounders ID INFRARED SOUNDER; VALIDATION AB The NASA / JPSS Airborne Sounder Testbed - Interferometer (NAST-I) is a well-proven airborne remote sensing system, which has flown in 19 previous field campaigns aboard the high altitude NASA ER-2, Northrop Grumman / Scaled Composites Proteus, and NASA WB-57 aircraft since initially being flight qualified in 1998. While originally developed to provide experimental observations needed to finalize specifications and test proposed designs and data processing algorithms for the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) flying aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (SNPP) and the Joint Polar Satellite System, JPSS (formerly NPOESS, prior to program restructuring), its unprecedented data quality and system characteristics have contributed to a variety of atmospheric research and measurement validation objectives. This paper will provide a program overview and update, including a summary of measurement system capabilities, with a primary focus on post-mission ground testing and characterization performed subsequent to the recently conducted Suomi NPP (SNPP) airborne field campaign. C1 [Larar, Allen M.; Zhou, Daniel K.; Liu, Xu; Noe, Anna; Oliver, Don; Tian, Jialin] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Smith, William L.] SSAI LaRC, Hampton, VA USA. [Smith, William L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Rochette, Luc] LR Tech Inc, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. RP Larar, AM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM Allen.M.Larar@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-304-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9241 AR 924118 DI 10.1117/12.2068268 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BD4QE UT WOS:000361006200031 ER PT S AU McLennan, D Leon, J Markus, T Neumann, T Busch, J Henegar-Leon, J Flanagan, M Richardson, C Martino, A Satrom, J AF McLennan, Douglas Leon, John Markus, Thorsten Neumann, Thomas Busch, James Henegar-Leon, Joy Flanagan, Mark Richardson, Cathy Martino, Anthony Satrom, John BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI ICESat-2 the benefits of collecting altimetric measurements of the Earth's surface The next-generation laser altimeter for the Earth science SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XVIII CY SEP 22-25, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Cryosphere; NASA; GSFC; ICESat-2; ice sheet; sea ice; ATLAS AB Understanding the causes and magnitude of change in the cryosphere remains a priority for earth science research. Over the past decade, NASA earth observing satellites have documented a decrease in both the extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice, and ongoing loss of grounded ice from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. Understanding the pace and mechanisms of these changes requires long-term observations of ice sheets, sea ice thickness and sea ice extent. In response to this need, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is developing the ICESat-2 mission, a next-generation laser altimeter designed to measure changes in ice sheet elevation, sea ice thickness, and vegetation canopy height. Scheduled for launch in late 2017 with a three year mission life, ICESat-2 will use a photon-counting micro-pulse laser altimeter, the advanced topographic laser altimeter system (ATLAS) instrument to collect these key data. C1 [McLennan, Douglas; Leon, John; Markus, Thorsten; Neumann, Thomas; Busch, James; Henegar-Leon, Joy; Flanagan, Mark; Richardson, Cathy; Martino, Anthony; Satrom, John] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ICESat Project 2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McLennan, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ICESat Project 2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-304-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9241 AR 924108 DI 10.1117/12.2071964 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BD4QE UT WOS:000361006200007 ER PT S AU Neeck, SP Volz, SM AF Neeck, Steven P. Volz, Stephen M. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI The NASA Earth Science Flight Program SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XVIII CY SEP 22-25, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE AB Earth's changing environment impacts every aspect of life on our planet and climate change has profound implications on society. Studying Earth as a single complex system is essential to understanding the causes and consequences of climate change and other global environmental concerns. NASA's Earth Science Division (ESD) shapes an interdisciplinary view of Earth, exploring interactions among the atmosphere, oceans, ice sheets, land surface interior, and life itself. This enables scientists to measure global and climate changes and to inform decisions by Government, other organizations, and people in the United States and around the world. The data collected and results generated are accessible to other agencies and organizations to improve the products and services they provide, including air quality indices, disaster prediction and response, agricultural yield projections, and aviation safety. ESD's Flight Program provides the spacebased observing systems and supporting infrastructure for mission operations and scientific data processing and distribution that support NASA's Earth science research and modeling activities. The Flight Program currently has 17 operating Earth observing space missions, including the recently launched Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2). The ESD has 18 more missions planned for launch over the next decade. These include first and second tier missions from the 2007 Earth Science Decadal Survey, Climate Continuity missions to assure availability of key climate data sets, and small competitively selected orbital and instrument missions of opportunity belonging to the Earth Venture (EV) Program. The International Space Station (ISS) is being used to host a variety of NASA Earth science instruments. An overview of plans and current status will be presented. C1 [Neeck, Steven P.; Volz, Stephen M.] NASA Headquarters, Sci Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Neeck, SP (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Sci Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-304-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9241 AR 924103 DI 10.1117/12.2069866 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BD4QE UT WOS:000361006200002 ER PT S AU Neeck, SP Kakar, RK Azarbarzin, AA Hou, AY Jackson, GS AF Neeck, Steven P. Kakar, Ramesh K. Azarbarzin, Ardeshir A. Hou, Arthur Y. Jackson, Gail Skofronick BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Launch, Commissioning, and Early Operations SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XVIII CY SEP 22-25, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE AB The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international partnership co-led by NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The mission centers on the GPM Core Observatory and consists of an international network, or constellation, of additional satellites that together will provide next-generation global observations of precipitation from space. The GPM constellation will provide measurements of the intensity and variability of precipitation, three-dimensional structure of cloud and storm systems, the microphysics of ice and liquid particles within clouds, and the amount of water falling to Earth's surface. Observations from the GPM constellation, combined with land surface data, will improve weather forecast models; climate models; integrated hydrologic models of watersheds; and forecasts of hurricanes/typhoons/cylcones, landslides, floods and droughts. The GPM Core Observatory carries an advanced radar/radiometer system and serves as a reference standard to unify precipitation measurements from all satellites that fly within the constellation. The GPM Core Observatory improves upon the capabilities of its predecessor, the NASA-JAXA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), with advanced science instruments and expanded coverage of Earth's surface. The GPM Core Observatory carries two instruments, the NASA-supplied GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) and the JAXA-supplied Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR). The GMI measures the amount, size, intensity and type of precipitation, from heavy-to-moderate rain to light rain and snowfall. The DPR provides three-dimensional profiles and intensities of liquid and solid precipitation. The French Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), and the U.S. Department of Defense are partners with NASA and JAXA. The GPM Core Observatory was launched from JAXA's Tanegashima Space Center on an H-IIA launch vehicle on February 28, 2014 Japan Standard Time (JST). The mission has completed its checkout and commissioning phase and is in Operations Phase. The current status and early results will be discussed. C1 [Neeck, Steven P.; Kakar, Ramesh K.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Azarbarzin, Ardeshir A.; Hou, Arthur Y.; Jackson, Gail Skofronick] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Neeck, SP (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-304-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9241 AR 924104 DI 10.1117/12.2069868 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BD4QE UT WOS:000361006200003 ER PT S AU Sen, A AF Sen, Amit BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Accomplishments of Aquarius - NASA's first Global Sea Surface Salinity Mission, a review of the technical findings to date SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XVIII CY SEP 22-25, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE International Sea surface salinity mission; SSS; global water cycle; microwave remote sensing; projects; climate studies; Aquarius/SAC-D; Observatory; spacecraft and instrument testing; performance; launch; NASA; CONAE ID CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER; INSTRUMENT AB Launched 10 June 2011, the NASA's Aquarius instrument onboard the Argentine built and managed Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas (SAC-D) has been tirelessly observing the open oceans, confirming and adding new knowledge to the not so vast measured records of our Earth's global oceans. This paper reviews the data collected over the last 3 years, it's findings, challenges and future work that is at hand for the sleepless oceanographers, hydrologists and climate scientists. Although routine data is being collected, a snapshot is presented from almost 3-years of flawless operations showing new discoveries and possibilities of lot more in the future. Repetitive calibration and validation of measurements from Aquarius continue together with comparison of the data to the existing array of Argo temperature/salinity profiling floats, measurements from the recent Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS) in-situ experiment and research, and to the data collected from the European Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission. This all aids in the optimization of computer model functions to improve the basic understanding of the water cycle over the oceans and its ties to climate. The Aquarius mission operations team also has been tweaking and optimizing algorithms, reprocessing data as needed, and producing salinity movies that has never been seen before. A brief overview of the accomplishments, technical findings to date will be covered in this paper. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Sen, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-304-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9241 AR 924106 DI 10.1117/12.2067549 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BD4QE UT WOS:000361006200005 ER PT S AU Xiong, XX Lacherade, S Lebegue, L Fougnie, B Angal, A Wang, ZP Aznay, O AF Xiong, Xiaoxiong Lacherade, Sophie Lebegue, L. Fougnie, Bertrand Angal, Amit Wang, Zhipeng Aznay, Ouahid BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Comparison of MODIS and PLEIADES Lunar Observations SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XVIII CY SEP 22-25, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE MODIS; PLEIADES; sensor; Moon; calibration; lunar model; ROLO; POLO ID CALIBRATION; MOON AB MODIS is the key instrument for the NASA's EOS Terra and Aqua missions, launched in late 1999 and early 2002, respectively. MODIS has 20 reflective solar bands (RSB) and 16 thermal emissive bands (TEB). MODIS RSB are calibrated on-orbit using an on-board solar diffuser and regularly scheduled lunar observations. For each instrument, the scheduled lunar observations are made through its space view (SV) port at nearly identical lunar phase angles via spacecraft roll maneuvers. Occasionally, unscheduled lunar observations at different phase angles are also collected by both Terra and Aqua MODIS. The PLEIADES system is composed of two satellites, PLEIADES-1A launched at the end of 2011 and PLEIADES-1B a year later. The PLEIADES has 5 reflective solar bands or channels (blue, green, red, near-infrared, and panchromatic) that are calibrated on-orbit using observations of Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS). Since launch, more than 1000 lunar images covering the phase angle range of +/-115 degrees have been acquired by PLEIADES-1B for its on-orbit calibration and sensitivity study of lunar calibration methods. This paper provides an overview of MODIS and PLEIADES lunar observations and an assessment of their calibration difference based on lunar observations made over a range of phase angles. Also discussed in this paper are strategies and future effort that could potentially benefit other earth observing sensors and improve the calibration accuracy and consistency of existing lunar model(s). C1 [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lacherade, Sophie; Lebegue, L.; Fougnie, Bertrand] DCT SI MO, CNES, F-31000 Toulouse, France. [Angal, Amit] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Wang, Zhipeng] Sigma Space Co, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Aznay, Ouahid] CS Informat Syst, F-31506 Toulouse, France. RP Xiong, XX (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Wang, Zhipeng/0000-0002-9108-9009 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-304-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9241 AR 924111 DI 10.1117/12.2067442 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BD4QE UT WOS:000361006200025 ER PT S AU Brockers, R Humenberger, M Kuwata, Y Matthies, L Weiss, S AF Brockers, Roland Humenberger, Martin Kuwata, Yoshi Matthies, Larry Weiss, Stephan BE Kisacanin, B Gelautz, M TI Computer Vision for Micro Air Vehicles SO ADVANCES IN EMBEDDED COMPUTER VISION SE Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AUTONOMOUS HELICOPTER; NAVIGATION; FUSION; ENVIRONMENTS; TERRAIN; MOTION; CAMERA AB Autonomous operation of small UAVs in cluttered environments requires three important foundations: fast and accurate knowledge about position in the world for control; obstacle detection and avoidance for safe flight; and all of this has to be executed in real-time onboard the vehicle. This is a challenge for micro air vehicles, since their limited payload demands small, lightweight, and low-power sensors and processing units, favoring vision-based solutions that run on small embedded computers equipped with smart phone-based processors. In the following chapter, we present the JPL autonomous navigation framework for micro air vehicles to address these challenges. Our approach enables power-up-and-go deployment in highly cluttered environments without GPS, using information from an IMU and a single downward-looking camera for pose estimation, and a forward-looking stereo camera system for disparity-based obstacle detection and avoidance. As an example of a high-level navigation task that builds on these autonomous capabilities, we introduce our approach for autonomous landing on elevated flat surfaces, such as rooftops, using only monocular vision inputs from the downward-looking camera. C1 [Brockers, Roland; Kuwata, Yoshi; Matthies, Larry; Weiss, Stephan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Humenberger, Martin] AIT Austrian Inst Technol, Vienna, Austria. RP Brockers, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM roland.brockers@jpl.nasa.gov; martin.humenberger@ait.ac.at; kuwata@alumni.mit.edu; lhm@jpl.nasa.gov; stephan.weiss@ieee.org NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 2191-6586 BN 978-3-319-09387-1; 978-3-319-09386-4 J9 ADV COMPUT VIS PATT PY 2014 BP 73 EP 107 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-09387-1_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-09387-1 PG 35 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD2DM UT WOS:000358672700005 ER PT S AU Fielding, EJ Simons, M Owen, S Lundgren, P Hua, H Agram, P Liu, Z Moore, A Milillo, P Polet, J Samsonov, S Rosen, P Webb, F Milillo, G AF Fielding, Eric J. Simons, Mark Owen, Susan Lundgren, Paul Hua, Hook Agram, Piyush Liu, Zhen Moore, Angelyn Milillo, Pietro Polet, Jascha Samsonov, Sergey Rosen, Paul Webb, Frank Milillo, Giovanni BE Varajao, J Cunha, M BjornAndersen, N Turner, R Wijesekera, D Martinho, R Rijo, R TI Rapid imaging of earthquake ruptures with combined geodetic and seismic analysis SO CENTERIS 2014 - CONFERENCE ON ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS / PROJMAN 2014 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROJECT MANAGEMENT / HCIST 2014 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES SE Procedia Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on ENTERprise Information Systems (CENTERIS) / International Conference on Project MANagement (ProjMAN) / International Conference on Health and Social Care Information Systems and Technologies (HCIST) CY OCT 15-17, 2014 CL Troia, PORTUGAL DE SAR interferometry; pixel tracking; GPS; seismic waveforms; earthquakes ID SURFACE DEFORMATION; INSAR DATA AB Rapid determination of the location and extent of earthquake ruptures is helpful for disaster response, as it allows prediction of the likely area of major damage from the earthquake and can help with rescue and recovery planning. With the increasing availability of near real-time data from the Global Positioning System (GPS) and other global navigation satellite system receivers in active tectonic regions, and with the shorter repeat times of many recent and newly launched satellites, geodetic data can be obtained quickly after earthquakes or other disasters. We have been building a data system that can ingest, catalog, and process geodetic data and combine it with seismic analysis to estimate the fault rupture locations and slip distributions for large earthquakes. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fielding, Eric J.; Owen, Susan; Lundgren, Paul; Hua, Hook; Agram, Piyush; Liu, Zhen; Moore, Angelyn; Rosen, Paul; Webb, Frank] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Simons, Mark; Polet, Jascha] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Milillo, Pietro] Univ Basilicata, Sch Engn, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. [Polet, Jascha] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Geol Sci, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Samsonov, Sergey] Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. [Milillo, Giovanni] Italian Space Agcy, Ctr Interpretaz Dati Osservaz Terra, I-75100 Matera, Italy. RP Fielding, EJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Eric.J.Fielding@jpl.nasa.gov RI Simons, Mark/N-4397-2015; Fielding, Eric/A-1288-2007; OI Simons, Mark/0000-0003-1412-6395; Fielding, Eric/0000-0002-6648-8067; Milillo, Giovanni/0000-0002-6045-5686 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-0173 J9 PROC TECH PY 2014 VL 16 BP 876 EP 885 DI 10.1016/j.protcy.2014.10.038 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA BD4AQ UT WOS:000360404800097 ER PT B AU Maclise, DC Mains, RC van Dijk, A AF Maclise, Douglas (Dougal) C. Mains, Richard C. van Dijk, Alexander GP ASME TI FLIGHT OPPORTUNITIES FOR TESTING AND DEMONSTRATING EMERGING SPACE TECHNOLOGIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 12 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME AB NASA's Flight Opportunities Program has two primary goals provide flight opportunities to be used to mature new technologies and foster the new commercial space industry. Since 2010 the Program has contracted with seven commercial flight providers and has flown over 18 campaigns that carried over 45 technology payloads. The flight opportunities are awarded through an open competitive solicitation called the Announcement of Flight Opportunities (AFO) or through other NASA solicitations for new technology development. To date over 100 technologies have been selected for flight testing. This paper profiles four examples of the technologies that have been tested or demonstrated on suborbital flights: 3-D Printing in Space developed by Made In Space Inc., Fine Water Mist Portable Fire Extinguisher developed by ADA Technologies and NASA/Glenn Research Center, Precision Landing Exploration Technology developed by Draper Labs, and Onorbit Propellant Storage Stability developed by Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. C1 [Maclise, Douglas (Dougal) C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Mains, Richard C.] Mains Associates, Berkeley, CA USA. [van Dijk, Alexander] Miss Crit Technol, El Segundo, CA USA. RP Maclise, DC (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5641-3 PY 2014 AR V012T13A070 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD3YR UT WOS:000360320700070 ER PT J AU Suvorina, AS Veselovskii, IA Whiteman, DN Korenskiy, MY AF Suvorina, A. S. Veselovskii, I. A. Whiteman, D. N. Korenskiy, M. Yu GP IEEE TI Profiling of the forest fire aerosol plume with multiwavelength Raman lidar SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LASER OPTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Laser Optics CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2014 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA DE Biomass burning aerosol; multiwavelength Raman lidar; aerosol bulk parameters retrieval AB Vertical profiles of biomass burning aerosol parameters, such as effective radius, volume density and the complex refractive index, during forest fire in North America in August 2013 are studied. Aerosol extinction and backscattering coefficients measured at multiple wavelengths by Raman lidar based on tripled Nd:YAG laser are inverted to the particle microphysical properties. C1 [Suvorina, A. S.; Veselovskii, I. A.; Korenskiy, M. Yu] Inst Gen Phys, Phys Instrumentat Ctr, Troitsk, Russia. [Whiteman, D. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Suvorina, AS (reprint author), Inst Gen Phys, Phys Instrumentat Ctr, Troitsk, Russia. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2014 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD4CT UT WOS:000360494300192 ER PT S AU Denney, E Naylor, D Pai, G AF Denney, Ewen Naylor, Dwight Pai, Ganesh BE Bondavalli, A DiGiandomenico, F TI Querying Safety Cases SO COMPUTER SAFETY, RELIABILITY, AND SECURITY (SAFECOMP 2014) SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security (SAFECOMP) CY SEP 10-12, 2014 CL Florence, ITALY SP EWICS TC 7, Univ Degli Studi Firenze, ResilTech, PROLAN Proc Control Co, Consiglio Nazl Ricerche, Ist Scienza Tecnologie Dell Informazione A Faedo, Assoc Italiana Esperti Infrastrutture Critiche, Austrian Inst Technol, European Network Clubs for Reliabil & Safety Software, European Res Consortium Informat & Math, Gesellschaft Informatik V, Int Federat Informat Proc, Austrian Comp Soc DE Safety cases; Queries; Views; Formal methods; Automation AB Querying a safety case to show how the various stakeholders' concerns about system safety are addressed has been put forth as one of the benefits of argument-based assurance (in a recent study by the Health Foundation, UK, which reviewed the use of safety cases in safety-critical industries). However, neither the literature nor current practice offer much guidance on querying mechanisms appropriate for, or available within, a safety case paradigm. This paper presents a preliminary approach that uses a formal basis for querying safety cases, specifically Goal Structuring Notation (GSN) argument structures. Our approach semantically enriches GSN arguments with domain-specific metadata that the query language leverages, along with its inherent structure, to produce views. We have implemented the approach in our toolset AdvoCATE, and illustrate it by application to a fragment of the safety argument for an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) being developed at NASA Ames. We also discuss the potential practical utility of our query mechanism within the context of the existing framework for UAS safety assurance. C1 [Denney, Ewen; Pai, Ganesh] NASA, SGT, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Naylor, Dwight] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Denney, E (reprint author), NASA, SGT, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ewen.denney@nasa.gov; naylod@rpi.edu; ganesh.pai@nasa.gov RI Pai, Ganesh/G-4516-2013 OI Pai, Ganesh/0000-0002-9848-3754 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-10506-2; 978-3-319-10505-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8666 BP 294 EP 309 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD3UU UT WOS:000360208400020 ER PT B AU Golliher, EL Yao, SC AF Golliher, Eric L. Yao, Shi-chune GP ASME TI EXPLORATION OF IMPINGING WATER SPRAY HEAT TRANSFER AT SYSTEM PRESSURES NEAR THE TRIPLE POINT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 8B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME DE Multiphase Flow; Spray Cooling; Evaporation; Heat Transfer AB The heat transfer of a water spray impinging upon a surface in a very low pressure environment is of interest to cooling of space vehicles during launch and re-entry, and to industrial processes where flash evaporation occurs. At very low pressure, the process occurs near the triple point of water, and there exists a transient multiphase transport problem of ice, water and water vapor. At the impingement location, there are three heat transfer mechanisms: evaporation, freezing and sublimation. A preliminary heat transfer model was developed to explore the interaction of these mechanisms at the surface and within the spray. C1 [Golliher, Eric L.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Yao, Shi-chune] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Golliher, EL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5635-2 PY 2014 AR V08BT09A077 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD3PY UT WOS:000360032700077 ER PT B AU Evans, JW Barto, A Gallagher, B Finley, P Samuel, M Burke, J AF Evans, John W. Barto, Allison Gallagher, Benjamin Finley, Paul Samuel, Mat Burke, Jacob GP ASME TI ANALYSIS AND LIFE TESTING FOR DESIGN OF CRYOGENIC BEARING ASSEMBLIES ON THE JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE OPTICAL TELESCOPE ELEMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME AB The James Webb Space Telescope is NASA's next generation space based telescope. The Optical Telescope Element (OTE) is an infrared system designed to operate at cryogenic temperatures. Its primary mirror consists of 18 segments; each segment is controlled by a series of actuators mounted on the back of each mirror segment. Mission success depends vitally on the actuators, specifically the critical bearing assembly of each actuator's gear motor. This paper details the methodology employed by NASA and Ball Aerospace to evaluate the lifetime of the bearings and to design life tests which quantitatively offset risk at the system level, in a cost effective manner. The life prediction methodology utilized the Lundberg-Palmgen rule to estimate life, employing a cryogenic service factor developed from consideration of fracture toughness changes expected at cryogenic temperatures. This approach showed the capacity of the bearing system to have significant margin and reliability necessary to endure the requirements of OTE operations, over the life of JWST, under the estimated loads. Baseline test designs were subsequently developed with targets designed to show adequate risk reduction during life testing. Tests were subsequently executed at cryogenic temperatures and targets were shown,to be met for the required system level risk tolerance. C1 [Evans, John W.; Samuel, Mat; Burke, Jacob] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Barto, Allison; Gallagher, Benjamin; Finley, Paul] Ball Aerosp Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Evans, JW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5638-3 PY 2014 AR UNSP V009T10A096 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD3WY UT WOS:000360260300096 ER PT B AU Ghaffarian, R AF Ghaffarian, Reza GP ASME TI DAMAGE AND FAILURES OF CGA/BGA ASSEMBLIES UNDER THERMAL CYCLING AND DYNAMIC LOADINGS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME DE Solder joint reliability; thermal cycle; mechanical fatigue; drop; vibration; FCBGA; CGA; CSP; FPGA; BGA; flip chip ball grid array; column grid array AB Commercial-off-the-shelf column/ball grid array packaging (COTS CGA/BGA) technologies in high-reliability versions are now being considered for use in high-reliability electronic systems. For space applications, these packages are prone to early failure due to the severe thermal cycling in ground testing and during flight, mechanical shock and vibration of launch, as well as other less severe conditions, such as mechanical loading during descent, rough terrain mobility, handling, and ground tests. As the density of these packages increases and the size of solder interconnections decreases, susceptibility to thermal, mechanical loading and cycling fatigue grows even more. This paper reviews technology as well as thermo-mechanical reliability of field programmable gate array (FPGA) IC packaging developed to meet demands of high processing powers. The FPGAs that generally come in CGA/PBGA packages now have more than thousands of solder balls/columns under the package area. These packages need not only to be correctly joined onto printed circuit board (PCB) for interfacing; they also should show adequate system reliability for meeting thermo-mechanical requirements of the electronics hardware application. Such reliability test data are rare or none for harsher environmental applications, especially for CGAs having more than a thousand of columns. The paper also presents significant test data gathered under thermal cycling and drop testing for high I/O PBGA/CGA packages assembled onto PCBs. Damage and failures of these assemblies after environmental exposures are presented in detail. Understanding the key design parameters and failure mechanisms under thermal and mechanical conditions is critical to developing an approach that will minimize future failures and will enable low-risk insertion of these advanced electronic packages with high processing power and in-field reprogramming capability. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Ghaffarian, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5638-3 PY 2014 AR UNSP V009T10A098 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD3WY UT WOS:000360260300098 ER PT B AU Lee, H Park, I Konishi, C Mudawar, I May, RI Juergens, JR Wagner, JD Hall, NR Nahra, HK Hasan, MM Mackey, JR AF Lee, Hyoungsoon Park, Ilchung Konishi, Christopher Mudawar, Issam May, Rochelle I. Juergens, Jeffrey R. Wagner, James D. Hall, Nancy R. Nahra, Henry K. Hasan, Mohammad M. Mackey, Jeffrey R. GP ASME TI EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FLOW CONDENSATION IN MICROGRAVITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Univ Minnesota DE microgravity; condensation; annular flow ID HEAT-TRANSFER COEFFICIENT; FALLING LIQUID-FILMS; PARALLEL MICRO-CHANNELS; PRESSURE-DROP; MOMENTUM TRANSPORT; UNIVERSAL APPROACH; SINGLE-PHASE; FLUX; TUBES; MASS AB Future manned missions to Mars are expected to greatly increase the space vehicle's size, weight, and heat dissipation requirements. An effective means to reducing both size and weight is to replace single-phase thermal management systems with two-phase counterparts that capitalize upon both latent and sensible heat of the coolant rather than sensible heat alone. This shift is expected to yield orders of magnitude enhancements in flow boiling and condensation heat transfer coefficients. A major challenge to this shift is a lack of reliable tools for accurate prediction of two-phase pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient in reduced gravity. Developing such tools will require a sophisticated experimental facility to enable investigators to perform both flow boiling and condensation experiments in microgravity in pursuit of reliable databases. This study will discuss the development of the Flow Boiling and Condensation Experiment (FBCE) for the International Space Station (ISS), which was initiated in 2012 in collaboration between Purdue University and NASA Glenn Research Center. This facility was recently tested in parabolic flight to acquire condensation data for FC-72 in microgravity, aided by high-speed video analysis of interfacial structure of the condensation film. The condensation is \achieved by rejecting heat to a counter flow of water, and experiments were performed at different mass velocities of FC-72 and water and different FC-72 inlet qualities. It is shown that the film flow varies from smooth-laminar to wavy-laminar and ultimately turbulent with increasing FC-72 mass velocity. The heat transfer coefficient is highest near the inlet of the condensation tube, where the film is thinnest, and decreases monotonically along the tube, except for high FC-72 mass velocities, where the heat transfer coefficient is enhanced downstream. This enhancement is attributed to both turbulence and increased interfacial waviness. One-g(e) correlations are shown to predict the average condensation heat transfer coefficient with varying degrees of success, and a recent correlation is identified for its superior predictive capability, evidenced by a mean absolute error of 21.7%. C1 [Lee, Hyoungsoon; Park, Ilchung; Konishi, Christopher; Mudawar, Issam] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [May, Rochelle I.; Juergens, Jeffrey R.; Wagner, James D.; Hall, Nancy R.; Nahra, Henry K.; Hasan, Mohammad M.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Mackey, Jeffrey R.] Vantage Partners LLC, Brookpark, OH USA. RP Mudawar, I (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5548-5 PY 2014 AR V002T07A001 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD4AS UT WOS:000360415000042 ER PT B AU Repko, TW Nix, AC Heidmann, JD AF Repko, Timothy W. Nix, Andrew C. Heidmann, James D. GP ASME TI A PARAMETRIC NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF FREESTREAM TURBULENCE INTENSITY AND LENGTH SCALE ON ANTI-VORTEX FILM COOLING DESIGN AT HIGH BLOWING RATIO SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Univ Minnesota AB An advanced, high-effectiveness film-cooling design, the anti-vortex hole (AVH) has been investigated by several research groups and shown to mitigate or counter the vorticity generated by conventional holes and increase film effectiveness at high blowing ratios and low freestream turbulence levels. [1,2] The effects of increased turbulence on the AVH geometry were previously investigated and presented by researchers at West Virginia University (WVU), in collaboration with NASA, in a preliminary CFD study [3] on the film effectiveness and net heat flux reduction (NHFR) at high blowing ratio and elevated freestream turbulence levels for the adjacent AVH. The current paper presents the results of an extended numerical parametric study, which attempts to separate the effects of turbulence intensity and length-scale on film cooling effectiveness of the AVH. In the extended study, higher freestream turbulence intensity and larger scale cases were investigated with turbulence intensities of 5, 10 and 20% and length scales based on cooling hole diameter of Lambda(x)/d(m) = 1, 3 and 6. Increasing turbulence intensity was shown to increase the centerline, span-averaged and area-averaged adiabatic film cooling effectiveness. Larger turbulent length scales were shown to have little to no effect on the centerline, span-averaged and area-averaged adiabatic film-cooling effectiveness at lower turbulence levels, but slightly increased effect at the highest turbulence levels investigated. C1 [Repko, Timothy W.; Nix, Andrew C.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Heidmann, James D.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Turbomachinery & Heat Transfer Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Repko, TW (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM andrew.nix@mail.wvu.edu; heidmann@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5549-2 PY 2014 AR V003T08A010 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BD4AT UT WOS:000360415100010 ER PT S AU Srivastava, PK Mukherjee, S Islam, T Gupta, M AF Srivastava, Prashant K. Mukherjee, Saumitra Islam, Tanvir Gupta, Manika BE Srivastava, PK Mukherjee, S Gupta, M Islam, T TI Remote Sensing Applications in Environmental Research Introduction SO REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH SE Society of Earth Scientists Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Srivastava, Prashant K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ESSIC, Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mukherjee, Saumitra] Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Environm Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, CIRA, Atmospher Sci, College Pk, MD USA. [Gupta, Manika] Indian Inst Technol, Civil Engn, New Delhi, India. RP Srivastava, PK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ESSIC, Hydrol Sci, Code 617, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2194-9204 BN 978-3-319-05906-8; 978-3-319-05905-1 J9 SOC EARTH SCI SER PY 2014 BP XIII EP XVI D2 10.1007/978-3-319-05906-8 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BD1JW UT WOS:000358075000002 ER PT S AU Iwashita, Y Takamine, A Kurazume, R Ryoo, MS AF Iwashita, Yumi Takamine, Asamichi Kurazume, Ryo Ryoo, M. S. GP IEEE TI First-Person Animal Activity Recognition from Egocentric Videos SO 2014 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION (ICPR) SE International Conference on Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) CY AUG 24-28, 2014 CL Swedish Soc Automated Image Anal, Stockholm, SWEDEN SP IEEE Comp Soc, IAPR, Linkopings Univ, Lunds Univ, Uppsala Univ, e Sci Collaborat, Swedish Soc Automated Image Anal, Stockhoms Stad, Swedish e Sci Res Ctr, SICK, Autoliv, IBM Res, Int Journal Automat & Comp HO Swedish Soc Automated Image Anal AB This paper introduces the concept of first-person animal activity recognition, the problem of recognizing activities from a view-point of an animal (e.g., a dog). Similar to first-person activity recognition scenarios where humans wear cameras, our approach estimates activities performed by an animal wearing a camera. This enables monitoring and understanding of natural animal behaviors even when there are no people around them. Its applications include automated logging of animal behaviors for medical/biology experiments, monitoring of pets, and investigation of wildlife patterns. In this paper, we construct a new dataset composed of first-person animal videos obtained by mounting a camera on each of the four pet dogs. Our new dataset consists of 10 activities containing a heavy/fair amount of ego-motion. We implemented multiple baseline approaches to recognize activities from such videos while utilizing multiple types of global/local motion features. Animal ego-actions as well as human-animal interactions are recognized with the baseline approaches, and we discuss experimental results. C1 [Iwashita, Yumi; Takamine, Asamichi; Kurazume, Ryo] Kyushu Univ, Sch Informat Sci & Elect Engn, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Ryoo, M. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Iwashita, Y (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Sch Informat Sci & Elect Engn, Fukuoka 812, Japan. EM yumi@ieee.org; mryoo@jpl.nasa.gov OI Kurazume, Ryo/0000-0002-4219-7644 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1051-4651 BN 978-1-4799-5208-3 J9 INT C PATT RECOG PY 2014 BP 4310 EP 4315 DI 10.1109/ICPR.2014.739 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD3KX UT WOS:000359818004075 ER PT S AU Bittner, DE Christian, JA Bishop, RH May, D AF Bittner, Drew E. Christian, John A. Bishop, Robert H. May, Darryl GP IEEE TI Fault Detection, Isolation, and Recovery Techniques for Large Clusters of Inertial Measurement Units SO 2014 IEEE/ION POSITION, LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM - PLANS 2014 SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) CY MAY 05-08, 2014 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AESS, ION AB Although Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) have found widespread use in a variety of navigation applications that require low-cost and/or lightweight systems, their performance is typically not suitable for precision navigation. To address this deficiency, current research is investigating large clusters (15+) of MEMS IMUs with the objective of matching the performance of a single high-quality, monolithic IMU. MEMS IMUs are small enough that a cluster of them is still smaller, less expensive, and lower power than their monolithic counterparts. With such a large cluster of sensors, there is a need for a Fault Detection, Isolation, and Recovery (FDIR) system to identify failed IMUs and prevent them from corrupting the output of the entire cluster. Therefore, the present work develops a FDIR architecture that can identify outlying or erroneous data outputs from large amounts of real-time parallel data, and then prevent erroneous outputs from being incorporated into the state estimation solution. This new work explores FDIR for large IMU clusters using a k-th nearest neighbor algorithm to identify failed IMUs. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to determine the reliability of the technique under random failures of various kinds/sizes. The result of this work is a robust FDIR architecture for use in processing large quantities of redundant IMU measurement information. C1 [Bittner, Drew E.; Christian, John A.] W Virginia Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Bishop, Robert H.] Marquette Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. [May, Darryl] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Bittner, DE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-4799-3320-4 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2014 BP 219 EP 229 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BD2XP UT WOS:000359380700031 ER PT B AU Balas, MJ Frost, SA AF Balas, Mark J. Frost, Susan A. GP ASME TI DIRECT ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF DISCRETE-TIME INFINITE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS IN A HILBERT SPACE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 4B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME AB Given a linear discrete-time infmite-dimensional plant on a Hilbert space and disturbances of known waveform but unknown amplitude and phase, we show that there exists a stabilizing direct model reference adaptive control law with certain disturbance rejection and robustness properties. The central result is a discrete-time version of Barbalat-Lyapunov result for infmite dimensional Hilbert spaces. This is used to determine conditions under which a linear Infmite-dimensional system can be directly adaptively regulated. Our results are applied to adaptive control of general linear diffusion systems. C1 [Balas, Mark J.] Univ Wyoming, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Frost, Susan A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Balas, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5625-3 PY 2014 AR V04BT04A021 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BD3HH UT WOS:000359682700021 ER PT B AU Lakeh, RB Kavehpour, HP Lavine, AS Ganapathi, GB Wirz, RE AF Lakeh, Reza Baghaei Kavehpour, H. Pirouz Lavine, Adrienne S. Ganapathi, Gani B. Wirz, Richard E. GP ASME TI STUDY OF TURBULENT NATURAL CONVECTION IN VERTICAL STORAGE TUBES FOR SUPERCRITICAL THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 6B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME ID ENERGY STORAGE; NEPCM AB The effect of turbulent natural convection in vertical storage tubes containing a supercritical fluid is investigated computationally. In a supercritical thermal storage system, thermal energy is transferred to the storage fluid and is stored as the internal energy of the fluid in supercritical state. The heat is conducted from the heat transfer fluid to the storage fluid through the storage tube wall. Unlike phase-change systems, the heat transfer mechanism within the storage tubes of supercritical thermal storage system is dominantly affected by rigorous turbulent natural convection. The natural convection enhances the heat transfer and compensates for the low thermal conductivity of the storage fluid. The turbulent buoyancy-driven flow field in vertical storage tubes with different aspect ratios is investigated in this paper and the effect of vertical orientation of storage tubes on the characteristics of the flow field is explored. A standard k-epsilon method is utilized to model the Reynolds stresses in turbulent natural convection flow. The results of this study show that the turbulent buoyancy-driven flow and natural convection play an important role in charge and discharge of the supercritical thermal storage system. The charge time of the system is a function of Rayleigh number and aspect ratio of the storage tube. C1 [Lakeh, Reza Baghaei; Kavehpour, H. Pirouz; Lavine, Adrienne S.; Wirz, Richard E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ganapathi, Gani B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Lakeh, RB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rblakeh@ucla.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5629-1 PY 2014 AR V06BT07A030 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BD3NT UT WOS:000359955500029 ER PT B AU Magar, KST Balas, MJ Frost, SA AF Magar, Kaman S. Thapa Balas, Mark J. Frost, Susan A. GP ASME TI DIRECT ADAPTIVE INDIVIDUAL BLADE PITCH CONTROL FOR LARGE WIND TURBINES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 6B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME ID LOAD REDUCTION AB In this paper a theory of Adaptive Disturbance Rejection Control is used to design an individual blade pitch controller for a utility scale wind turbine. The goal of the Adaptive Disturbance Rejection Control is to regulate the blade pitch angle individually to reduce the asymmetrical loading in blade due to vertical wind shear and also to reject the unnecessary disturbance introduced by the wind turbulence. The applicability of the theory is illustrated by implementing the controller in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)s 5 MW wind turbine model and simulating it in MATLAB/Simulink C1 [Magar, Kaman S. Thapa] Univ Wyoming, Dept ECE, Wind Energy Res Ctr, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Balas, Mark J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept ECE, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Frost, Susan A.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 95034 USA. RP Magar, KST (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept ECE, Wind Energy Res Ctr, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM kthapama@uwyo.edu; mbalas@uwyo.edu; susan.a.frost@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5629-1 PY 2014 AR V06BT07A084 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BD3NT UT WOS:000359955500083 ER PT B AU Ganapathi, GB Berisford, D Furst, B Bame, D Pauken, M Wirz, R AF Ganapathi, Gani B. Berisford, Daniel Furst, Benjamin Bame, David Pauken, Michael Wirz, Richard GP ASME TI A 5 KWHT LAB-SCALE DEMONSTRATION OF A NOVEL THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE CONCEPT WITH SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability (ES2013) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB An alternate to the two-tank molten salt thermal energy storage system using supercritical fluids is presented. This technology can enhance the production of electrical power generation and high temperature technologies for commercial use by lowering the cost of energy storage in comparison to current stateof-the-art molten salt energy storage systems. The volumetric energy density of a single-tank supercritical fluid energy storage system is significantly higher than a two-tank molten salt energy storage system due to the high compressibilities in the supercritical state. As a result, the single-tank energy storage system design can lead to almost a factor of ten decrease in fluid costs. This paper presents results from a test performed on a 5 kWht storage tank with a naphthalene energy storage fluid as part of a small preliminary demonstration of the concept of supercritical thermal energy storage. Thermal energy is stored within naphthalene filled tubes designed to handle the temperature (500 degrees C) and pressure (6.9 MPa or 1000 psia) of the supercritical fluid state. The tubes are enclosed within an insulated shell heat exchanger which serves as the thermal energy storage tank. The storage tank is thermally charged by flowing air at >500 degrees C over the storage tube bank. Discharging the tank can provide energy to a Rankine cycle (or any other thermodynamic process) over a temperature range from 480 degrees C to 290 degrees C. Tests were performed over three stages, starting with a low temperature (200 degrees C) shake-out test and progressing to a high temperature single cycle test cycling between room temperature and 480 degrees C and concluding a two-cycle test cycling between 290 degrees C and 480 degrees C. The test results indicate a successful demonstration of high energy storage using supercritical fluids. C1 [Ganapathi, Gani B.; Berisford, Daniel; Bame, David; Pauken, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Furst, Benjamin; Wirz, Richard] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 91109 USA. RP Ganapathi, GB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM gani.b.ganapathi@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 97800-7918-5551-5 PY 2014 AR V001T15A005 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2PB UT WOS:000359026100104 ER PT B AU Lakeh, RB Lavine, AS Kavehpour, HP Ganapathi, GB Wirz, RE AF Lakeh, Reza Baghaei Lavine, Adrienne S. Kavehpour, H. Pirouz Ganapathi, Gani B. Wirz, Richard E. GP ASME TI EFFECT OF NATURAL CONVECTION ON THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE IN SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability (ES2013) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID PHASE-CHANGE MATERIAL; HEAT-CONDUCTION; COMPOSITE; CONTAINER; NEPCM AB Heat transfer to the storage fluid is a critical subject in thermal energy storage systems. The storage fluids that are proposed for supercritical thermal storage system are organic fluids that have poor thermal conductivity; therefore, pure conduction will not be an efficient heat transfer mechanism for the system. The current study concerns a supercritical thermal energy storage system consisting of horizontal tubes filled with a supercritical fluid. The results of this study show that the heat transfer to the supercritical fluid is highly dominated by natural convection. The buoyancy-driven flow inside the storage tubes dominates the flow field and enhances the heat transfer dramatically. Depending on the diameter of the storage tube, the buoyancy-driven flow may be laminar or turbulent. The natural convection has a significant effect on reducing the charge time compared to pure conduction. It was concluded that although the thermal conductivity of the organic supercritical fluids are relatively low, the effective laminar or turbulent natural convection compensates for this deficiency and enables the supercritical thermal storage to charge effectively. C1 [Lakeh, Reza Baghaei; Lavine, Adrienne S.; Kavehpour, H. Pirouz; Wirz, Richard E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Ganapathi, Gani B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Lakeh, RB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 97800-7918-5551-5 PY 2014 AR V001T05A001 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2PB UT WOS:000359026100046 ER PT B AU Tse, LA Stopin, A Ganapathi, GB Garcia-Garibay, MA Wirz, RE AF Tse, Louis A. Stopin, Antoine Ganapathi, Gani B. Garcia-Garibay, Miguel A. Wirz, Richard E. GP ASME TI THERMAL TESTING OF ORGANIC FLUIDS FOR SUPERCRITICAL THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability (ES2013) CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID PHASE-CHANGE MATERIALS; HYDROCARBONS; LIQUID AB Concentrating solar power (CSP) continues to advance as worldwide interest in renewable energy continues to grow. CSP technologies, including parabolic troughs, power towers, and dish/engines, provide the unique potential for low-cost thermal energy storage that will ensure that renewable energy can become cost-competitive with traditional fossil fuel sources on a large scale and comprise a significant portion of the global energy portfolio. The challenge is to develop cost-effective thermal energy storage to ensure that renewable energy can become a major part of the national and global energy supply. Storage fluid selection is a critical decision that must fulfill a number of criteria to not only provide long-term reliability, but also to remain cost-competitive in the power generation arena. The state-of-the-art thermal storage design uses a 2-tank molten salt configuration. However, most molten salt mixtures have a relatively high freezing temperature, which poses some system design issues. Additionally, the price of molten salt mixtures is steadily increasing. Current laboratory and industry research efforts have shifted focus to exploration of alternative storage fluids to significantly reduce costs. In this study, several storage fluid candidates have been selected based on an attractive combination of thermodynamic properties, cost, and availability. In this paper, rapid screening of fluid candidates is reported, and an expanded series of thermal cycling and supercritical characterization experiments have been planned and are being implemented to determine the long-term durability of the fluid candidates over a range of operating temperatures for extended periods of time. Commercial-grade materials were used, and in the case of naphthalene and biphenyl, the testing procedure was carefully controlled to prevent sublimation of the sample. This paper presents the results of a study investigating the thermal stability of several organic fluids. Samples were extracted and chemical analyses such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography (GC) were conducted to observe degradation behavior and decomposition pathways. The rapid screening phase provided a timely and effective filter of the best-performing fluid candidates for supercritical thermal energy storage. C1 [Tse, Louis A.; Wirz, Richard E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Stopin, Antoine; Garcia-Garibay, Miguel A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Ganapathi, Gani B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Tse, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 97800-7918-5551-5 PY 2014 AR V001T03A007 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2PB UT WOS:000359026100026 ER PT B AU Borchelt, RE Nielsen, KH AF Borchelt, Rick E. Nielsen, Kristian H. BE Bucchi, M Trench, B TI Public relations in science Managing the trust portfolio SO ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF PUBLIC COMMUNICATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2ND EDITION SE Routledge International Handbooks LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STRATEGIC RISK COMMUNICATION; E-MAIL; WEB; POLITICS C1 [Borchelt, Rick E.] US DOE, Commun & Publ Affairs, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Borchelt, Rick E.] US Natl Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. [Borchelt, Rick E.] USDA, Sci & Technol Publ Affairs, Washington, DC USA. [Borchelt, Rick E.] NASA, Washington, DC USA. [Borchelt, Rick E.] Univ Maryland, Bethesda, MD USA. [Borchelt, Rick E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Genet & Publ Policy Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Borchelt, Rick E.] Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Borchelt, Rick E.] Sci & Technol Publ Affairs Clinton Adm, New York, NY USA. [Borchelt, Rick E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sci Commun & Sci Policy, Nashville, TN USA. [Borchelt, Rick E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nielsen, Kristian H.] Aarhus Univ, Ctr Sci Studies, Hist Sci & Sci Commun, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RP Borchelt, RE (reprint author), US DOE, Commun & Publ Affairs, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-48379-4; 978-0-415-83461-2 J9 ROUT INT HANDB PY 2014 BP 58 EP 69 PG 12 WC Communication; Social Issues SC Communication; Social Issues GA BC9SB UT WOS:000356818300006 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TX Ely, JJ Szatkowski, GN Mata, CT Mata, AG Snyder, GP AF Nguyen, Truong X. Ely, Jay J. Szatkowski, George N. Mata, Carlos T. Mata, Angel G. Snyder, Gary P. GP IEEE TI Lightning Current Measurement with Fiber-Optic Sensor SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION (ICLP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) CY OCT 11-18, 2014 CL Tsinghua Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, IEEE, Int Council Large Elect Syst HO Tsinghua Univ DE lightning; Faraday Effect; fiber-optic; current; lightning AB A fiber-optic current sensor is successfully developed with many potential applications for electric current measurement. Originally developed for in-flight lightning measurement, the sensor utilizes Faraday Effect in an optical fiber. The Faraday Effect causes linear light polarization in a fiber to rotate when the fiber is exposed to a magnetic field. The polarization change is detected using a reflective polarimetric scheme. Forming fiber loops and applying Ampere's law, measuring the total light rotation results in the determination of the total current enclosed. The sensor is conformable to complex structure geometry. It is also non-conductive and immune to electromagnetic interference, saturation or hysteresis. Installation is non-intrusive, and the sensor can be safely routed through flammable areas. Two similar sensor systems are described in this paper. The first system operates at 1310nm laser wavelength and is capable of measuring approximately 300 A - 300 kA, a 60 dB range. Laboratory validation results of aircraft lighting direct and in-direct effect current amplitudes are reported for this sensor. The second system operates at 1550nm wavelength and can measure about 400 A - 400 kA. Triggered-lightning measurement data are presented for this system. Good results are achieved in all cases. C1 [Nguyen, Truong X.; Ely, Jay J.; Szatkowski, George N.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Mata, Carlos T.; Mata, Angel G.] ESC Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Snyder, Gary P.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Nguyen, TX (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM truong.x.nguyen@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3544-4 PY 2014 BP 1424 EP 1431 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BD2AD UT WOS:000358572100270 ER PT B AU Brown, ME AF Brown, Molly E. BA Brown, ME BF Brown, ME TI FOOD SECURITY, FOOD PRICES AND CLIMATE VARIABILITY SO FOOD SECURITY, FOOD PRICES AND CLIMATE VARIABILITY SE Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RURAL LIVELIHOODS; INCOME COUNTRIES; AGRICULTURE; AFRICA; SEASONALITY; INSECURITY; MARKETS; SYSTEMS; POLICY C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-66312-0; 978-0-203-07168-7; 978-0-415-66311-3 J9 EARTHSCAN FOOD AGRIC PY 2014 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BC9SC UT WOS:000356819300001 ER PT B AU Brown, ME AF Brown, Molly E. BA Brown, ME BF Brown, ME TI FOOD SECURITY AND MONITORING SYSTEMS SO FOOD SECURITY, FOOD PRICES AND CLIMATE VARIABILITY SE Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; FAMINE; VEGETATION; MALNUTRITION; INSECURITY; DYNAMICS; INDEXES; AFRICA; PRICES; NDVI C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-66312-0; 978-0-203-07168-7; 978-0-415-66311-3 J9 EARTHSCAN FOOD AGRIC PY 2014 BP 23 EP 48 PG 26 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BC9SC UT WOS:000356819300002 ER PT B AU Brown, ME AF Brown, Molly E. BA Brown, ME BF Brown, ME TI CLIMATE VARIABILITY, AGRICULTURE AND REMOTE SENSING SO FOOD SECURITY, FOOD PRICES AND CLIMATE VARIABILITY SE Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS TMPA; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; FOOD SECURITY; EXTREME EVENTS; NDVI DATA; WATER; RESOLUTION; AVHRR; MODEL C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-66312-0; 978-0-203-07168-7; 978-0-415-66311-3 J9 EARTHSCAN FOOD AGRIC PY 2014 BP 49 EP 68 PG 20 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BC9SC UT WOS:000356819300003 ER PT B AU Brown, ME AF Brown, Molly E. BA Brown, ME BF Brown, ME TI TRENDS IN NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY AND THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE SO FOOD SECURITY, FOOD PRICES AND CLIMATE VARIABILITY SE Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CROP PRODUCTION; AGRICULTURE; POOR C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-66312-0; 978-0-203-07168-7; 978-0-415-66311-3 J9 EARTHSCAN FOOD AGRIC PY 2014 BP 69 EP 90 PG 22 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BC9SC UT WOS:000356819300004 ER PT B AU Brown, ME AF Brown, Molly E. BA Brown, ME BF Brown, ME TI MARKETS AND DETERMINANTS OF FOOD PRICES SO FOOD SECURITY, FOOD PRICES AND CLIMATE VARIABILITY SE Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SECURITY; INTEGRATION; COUNTRIES; POLICY C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-66312-0; 978-0-203-07168-7; 978-0-415-66311-3 J9 EARTHSCAN FOOD AGRIC PY 2014 BP 91 EP 113 PG 23 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BC9SC UT WOS:000356819300005 ER PT B AU Brown, ME AF Brown, Molly E. BA Brown, ME BF Brown, ME TI FOOD PRICES AND SEASONALITY SO FOOD SECURITY, FOOD PRICES AND CLIMATE VARIABILITY SE Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WEST-AFRICAN SAHEL; URBAN BURKINA-FASO; CROP PRODUCTION; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; SOIL-MANAGEMENT; CENTRAL MALI; SECURITY; VEGETATION; MARKET; YIELD C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-66312-0; 978-0-203-07168-7; 978-0-415-66311-3 J9 EARTHSCAN FOOD AGRIC PY 2014 BP 114 EP 131 PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BC9SC UT WOS:000356819300006 ER PT B AU Brown, ME AF Brown, Molly E. BA Brown, ME BF Brown, ME TI MODELING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON LOCAL FOOD PRICES SO FOOD SECURITY, FOOD PRICES AND CLIMATE VARIABILITY SE Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARKET INTEGRATION; AFRICA; VEGETATION; BEHAVIOR; POLICY; DROUGHT; INDEXES; COSTS; MODIS C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-66312-0; 978-0-203-07168-7; 978-0-415-66311-3 J9 EARTHSCAN FOOD AGRIC PY 2014 BP 132 EP 155 PG 24 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BC9SC UT WOS:000356819300007 ER PT B AU Brown, ME AF Brown, Molly E. BA Brown, ME BF Brown, ME TI ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUTRITION OUTCOMES SO FOOD SECURITY, FOOD PRICES AND CLIMATE VARIABILITY SE Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN HEALTH; AFRICA C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-66312-0; 978-0-203-07168-7; 978-0-415-66311-3 J9 EARTHSCAN FOOD AGRIC PY 2014 BP 156 EP 175 PG 20 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BC9SC UT WOS:000356819300008 ER PT B AU Brown, ME AF Brown, Molly E. BA Brown, ME BF Brown, ME TI POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF PRICE DYNAMICS AND THE WAY FORWARD SO FOOD SECURITY, FOOD PRICES AND CLIMATE VARIABILITY SE Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FOOD SECURITY; COTE-DIVOIRE; AFRICA; CLIMATE; STABILIZATION; AGRICULTURE; INSURANCE; TRADE C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-66312-0; 978-0-203-07168-7; 978-0-415-66311-3 J9 EARTHSCAN FOOD AGRIC PY 2014 BP 176 EP 195 PG 20 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BC9SC UT WOS:000356819300009 ER PT J AU Barton, RJ AF Barton, Richard J. GP IEEE TI Broadband Wireless Power Transfer in Weak-Signal and Multipath Environments SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS FOR SPACE AND EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS (WISEE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments (WiSEE) CY OCT 30-31, 2014 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE, IEEE Europe Middle East Africa,, IEEE USA, IEEE Canada, IEEE UFFC, IEEE Benelux Sect, IEEE Reg 8, IEEE COMSOC, IEEE CRFID, IEEE Commun Soc, CRFID, IEEE Tech Comm RFID DE Wireless Power Transfer ID TIME-REVERSAL COMMUNICATION; PERFORMANCE AB In this paper, we study improved techniques for wireless power transfer (WPT) in weak-signal and multipath environments. We present a primarily theoretical and analytical approach to the problem of improving the efficiency of WPT systems by focusing on the nature of the transmitted signals and the interaction of the signals with the environment. This work also has many practical implications, particularly for ultra-wideband radio-frequency identification systems and for both sensing and power broadcasting in indoor environments. C1 NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Barton, RJ (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM richard.j.barton@nasa.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5653-1 PY 2014 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD2KS UT WOS:000358847900020 ER PT J AU Barton, RJ AF Barton, Richard J. GP IEEE TI Distributed MIMO Communication Using Small Satellite Constellations SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS FOR SPACE AND EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS (WISEE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments (WiSEE) CY OCT 30-31, 2014 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE, IEEE Europe Middle East Africa,, IEEE USA, IEEE Canada, IEEE UFFC, IEEE Benelux Sect, IEEE Reg 8, IEEE COMSOC, IEEE CRFID, IEEE Commun Soc, CRFID, IEEE Tech Comm RFID DE MIMO; small satellite; distributed antenna arrays; deep-space communication; fractionated spacecraft AB In this paper, we study the performance of a satellite-based distributed multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) communication system and compare it with the more conventional single-input, single-output (SISO) system architecture typically used for deep-space communication. We show that in terms of the trade-off between spectral efficiency and energy efficiency, there are distinct advantages to using MIMO communication in some operating regimes and SISO communication in others. However, implementing even a SISO system in space can be accomplished using a fractionated satellite-based MIMO approach that may have numerous practical advantages such as, lower cost, greater scalability, and higher fault tolerance. C1 NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Barton, RJ (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM richard.j.barton@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5653-1 PY 2014 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD2KS UT WOS:000358847900009 ER PT J AU Goforth, MB Ratliff, JE Barton, RJ Wagner, RS Lansdowne, C AF Goforth, Montgomery B. Ratliff, James E. Barton, Richard J. Wagner, Raymond S. Lansdowne, Chatwin GP IEEE TI Avionics Architectures for Exploration: Wireless Technologies and Human Spaceflight SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS FOR SPACE AND EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS (WISEE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments (WiSEE) CY OCT 30-31, 2014 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE, IEEE Europe Middle East Africa,, IEEE USA, IEEE Canada, IEEE UFFC, IEEE Benelux Sect, IEEE Reg 8, IEEE COMSOC, IEEE CRFID, IEEE Commun Soc, CRFID, IEEE Tech Comm RFID DE Wireless; Avionics AB The authors describe ongoing efforts by the Avionics Architectures for Exploration (AAE) project chartered by NASA's Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) Program to evaluate new avionics architectures and technologies, provide objective comparisons of them, and mature selected technologies for flight and for use by other AES projects. The AAE project team includes members from most NASA centers and from industry. This paper provides an overview of recent AAE efforts, with particular emphasis on the wireless technologies being evaluated under AES to support human spaceflight. C1 [Goforth, Montgomery B.; Ratliff, James E.; Barton, Richard J.; Wagner, Raymond S.; Lansdowne, Chatwin] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Goforth, MB (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5653-1 PY 2014 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD2KS UT WOS:000358847900012 ER PT J AU Martinez, ER David, R Santos, JA Mojarradi, M del Castillo, L Jackson, SP AF Martinez, Edward R. David, Ralph Santos, Jose A. Mojarradi, Mohammad del Castillo, Linda Jackson, Shannon P. GP IEEE TI Challenge of Developmental Flight Instrumentation for Orion Exploration Flight Test 1 Potential Benefit of Wireless Technology for Future Orion Missions SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS FOR SPACE AND EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS (WISEE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments (WiSEE) CY OCT 30-31, 2014 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE, IEEE Europe Middle East Africa,, IEEE USA, IEEE Canada, IEEE UFFC, IEEE Benelux Sect, IEEE Reg 8, IEEE COMSOC, IEEE CRFID, IEEE Commun Soc, CRFID, IEEE Tech Comm RFID DE MPCV; Orion; DFI; wireless; DAU; EFT-1 AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has developed the Multi Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) named Orion to readiness for its first test flight in 2014. The spacecraft is unique in its design to support deep space missions. In order to successfully man-rate the vehicle a series of two unmanned flight tests are scheduled (Exploration Flight Test 1, Exploration Mission 1), followed by the first crewed flight Exploration Mission 2. Accomplishing Flight Test Objectives (FTOs) for the flight tests requires a dedicated instrumentation system that will measure dynamic response of all vehicle subsystem performance during critical phases of the EFT-1 and EM-1 missions. These include structural response, and Thermal Protection System (TPS) response during atmospheric reentry. A suite of avionics data acquisition system electronics along with associated cabling supports the large number of channels. This paper shall discuss the architecture of the EFT-1 data system designed to meet FTO's at low risk, and the potential effect on mass with new technology using wireless applications. Also described will be an architecture that could decrease mass by a factor 10, or more with and without wireless capability. C1 [Martinez, Edward R.; Santos, Jose A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [David, Ralph] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Mojarradi, Mohammad; del Castillo, Linda; Jackson, Shannon P.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Martinez, ER (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Ed.Martinez@NASA.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5653-1 PY 2014 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD2KS UT WOS:000358847900023 ER PT J AU Wagner, RS Barton, RJ AF Wagner, Raymond S. Barton, Richard J. GP IEEE TI Delay Tolerant, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)-enabled Sensing SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS FOR SPACE AND EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS (WISEE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments (WiSEE) CY OCT 30-31, 2014 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE, IEEE Europe Middle East Africa,, IEEE USA, IEEE Canada, IEEE UFFC, IEEE Benelux Sect, IEEE Reg 8, IEEE COMSOC, IEEE CRFID, IEEE Commun Soc, CRFID, IEEE Tech Comm RFID AB In this paper, we describe a method of providing guaranteed delivery of sensor data gathered at arbitrary times using an only intermittently available radio frequency identification (RFID) transport scheme. This technique provides a passive (e.g., non-powered) interface for a power-constrained embedded device to transport sensor data while overcoming the limitation of infrequent access to an RFID interrogator. C1 [Wagner, Raymond S.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Jacobs Technol, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Barton, Richard J.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Wagner, RS (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Jacobs Technol, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM raymond.s.wagner@nasa.gov; richard.j.barton@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5653-1 PY 2014 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD2KS UT WOS:000358847900017 ER PT S AU Flechtner, F Morton, P Watkins, M Webb, F AF Flechtner, Frank Morton, Phil Watkins, Mike Webb, Frank BE Marti, U TI Status of the GRACE Follow-On Mission SO GRAVITY, GEOID AND HEIGHT SYSTEMS SE International Association of Geodesy Symposia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAG 5th International Symposium on Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems (GGHS) CY OCT 09-12, 2012 CL Venice, ITALY SP Int Assoc Geodesy Commiss Grav Field DE GRACE; GRACE-FO; Time-variable gravity field; Mass transport AB The Gravity Recovery and Climate Mission (GRACE) has been so far the only satellite mission capable of monitoring mass variations in the Earth system and has made many breakthroughs in the understanding of Earth system dynamics. The mission has been operating for over 10 years at the time of this paper. Expected end of mission is dependent on future solar activity, instrument conditions and-most likely-on the battery health. Due to the extreme success of GRACE in many Earth science disciplines there was a long-standing strong request by the user community to launch a GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission as soon as possible to extend the GRACE mass transport time series with the minimum practical data gap between both missions. GRACE-FO has in fact been approved by the NASA and German ministries BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) and BMWi (Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology), and will be implemented under US-German partnership. GRACE-FO entered Phase-A in January 2012 and Phase-B in September 2012. The current target launch date is August 2017. This paper summarizes the status of the various mission elements. C1 [Flechtner, Frank] DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-82230 Wessling, Germany. [Morton, Phil; Watkins, Mike; Webb, Frank] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Flechtner, F (reprint author), DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-82230 Wessling, Germany. EM flechtne@gfz-potsdam.de NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-319-10837-7; 978-3-319-10836-0 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2014 VL 141 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-10837-7_15 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA BD2AW UT WOS:000358612900015 ER PT S AU Geist, J Rozier, KY Schumann, J AF Geist, Johannes Rozier, Kristin Y. Schumann, Johann BE Bonakdarpour, B Smolka, SA TI Runtime Observer Pairs and Bayesian Network Reasoners On-board FPGAs: Flight-Certifiable System Health Management for Embedded Systems SO RUNTIME VERIFICATION, RV 2014 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Runtime Verification (RV) CY SEP 22-25, 2014 CL Univ Toronto, Fields Inst Res Math Sci, Toronto, CANADA HO Univ Toronto, Fields Inst Res Math Sci AB Safety-critical systems, like Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) that must operate totally autonomously, e.g., to support ground-based emergency services, must also provide assurance they will not endanger human life or property in the air or on the ground. Previously, a theoretical construction for paired synchronous and asynchronous runtime observers with Bayesian reasoning was introduced that demonstrated the ability to handle runtime assurance within the strict operational constraints to which the system must adhere. In this paper, we show how to instantiate and implement temporal logic runtime observers and Bayesian network diagnostic reasoners that use the observers' outputs, on-board a field-standard Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) in a way that satisfies the strict flight operational standards of REALIZABILITY, RESPONSIVENESS, and UNOBTRUSIVENESS. With this type of compositionally constructed diagnostics framework we can develop compact, hierarchical, and highly expressive health management models for efficient, on-board fault detection and system monitoring. We describe an instantiation of our System Health Management (SHM) framework, rt-R2U2, on standard FPGA hardware, which is suitable to be deployed on-board a UAS. We run our system with a full set of real flight data from NASA's Swift UAS, and highlight a case where our runtime SHM framework would have been able to detect and diagnose a fault from subtle evidence that initially eluded traditional real-time diagnosis procedures. C1 [Geist, Johannes] USRA RIACS, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Rozier, Kristin Y.] NASA ARC, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Schumann, Johann] SGT Inc, NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Geist, J (reprint author), USRA RIACS, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. EM jgeist@usra.edu; Kristin.Y.Rozier@nasa.gov; Johann.M.Schumann@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-11164-3; 978-3-319-11163-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8734 BP 215 EP 230 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD1ZM UT WOS:000358524900018 ER PT S AU Getirana, A Kumar, S Peters-Lidard, C Arsenault, K AF Getirana, Augusto Kumar, Sujay Peters-Lidard, Christa Arsenault, Kristi BE Daniell, TM VanLanen, HAJ Demuth, S Laaha, G Servat, E Mahe, G Boyer, JF Paturel, JM Dezetter, A Ruelland, D TI Water budget in the Amazon basin and impacts on flood modelling SO HYDROLOGY IN A CHANGING WORLD: ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN DIMENSIONS SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World FRIEND-Water Conference on Hydrology in a Changing World: Environmental and Human Dimensions CY OCT 07-10, 2014 CL Montpellier, FRANCE SP Japanese-Funds-In-Trust, Inst Res Dev, German IHP Comm, Lab HydroSciences Montpellier, Montpelier Inst Water & Environ, Univ Wageningen DE water budget; Amazon basin; floodplains; HyMAP; US AB Although recent modelling and observational efforts have been performed to better understand the hydrological processes at the global scale, estimates of the water budget over the continents are still inaccurate. Several modelling attempts have been conducted trying to improve the simulation of water and energy cycles at different temporal and spatial scales worldwide. These attempts are based on numerous modelling approaches and meteorological forcings, resulting in contrasting water balance estimates. Considering the restricted availability of observed data to fully evaluate simulated water balances at large scales, remote sensing is revealed as an important source of information for model evaluation. The objective of this study is to assess the water budget in the Amazon basin simulated by land surface models (LSMs) and impacts on flood modelling. For that purpose, outputs of three LSMs currently implemented in the Land Information System (US) were considered. They are: Noah3.2, Mosaic and CLM2. LSMs were run for the 1980-2008 period using Princeton's meteorological forcings on a 3-hourly time step and at a 10 resolution. The precipitation was resealed to match the monthly global GPCP dataset. Flood modelling is evaluated in this study by means of daily streamflows and monthly floodplain extent simulated by the Hydrological Modelling and Analysis Platform (HyMAP) river routing scheme using simulated surface and sub-surface runoffs as forcings. Results demonstrate that mean evapotranspiration rates vary from 2.5 to 3.3 mm/day, depending on the model. Noah3.2 had the best overall performance coefficients for streamflows, followed by Mosaic. CLM2 showed a considerable overestimation of mean streamflows and floodplain extent all over the basin. C1 [Getirana, Augusto; Kumar, Sujay; Peters-Lidard, Christa; Arsenault, Kristi] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Getirana, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM augusto.getirana@nasa.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-41-4 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2014 VL 363 BP 407 EP 412 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BD1EJ UT WOS:000357968600065 ER PT S AU Kidwell, B Hayes, JH Nikora, AP AF Kidwell, Billy Hayes, Jane Huffman Nikora, Allen P. GP IEEE TI Toward Extended Change Types for Analyzing Software Faults SO 2014 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUALITY SOFTWARE (QSIC 2014) SE International Conference on Quality Software LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual International Conference on Quality Software (QSIC) CY OCT 02-03, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE Reliabil Soc, UT Dallas, IEEE Comp Soc DE Fault classification; change taxonomy; clustering; source code analysis ID LINKS AB This research extends an existing source code change taxonomy that was designed to analyze change coupling. The extension expands change types related to statements in order to achieve more granular data about the type of statement that is changed. The extended taxonomy is evaluated to determine if it can be applied to software fault analysis. We found that the extended change types occur consistently and with high frequency in fault fixes for Eclipse 2.0 and 3.0. Faults were then clustered according to the source code changes and analyzed. We found that the types and sizes of clusters are highly correlated, indicating some consistency in the patterns of the fault fixes. Finally, we performed an initial investigation to determine whether faults in the same cluster have similar characteristics. Our results indicate that many of the change types can be used to characterize the type of fault that has been fixed. However, some of the change types obfuscate the true nature of the fix. Ideas for improving the taxonomy based on these findings are provided. C1 [Kidwell, Billy; Hayes, Jane Huffman] Univ Kentucky, Dept Comp Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Nikora, Allen P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Kidwell, B (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Comp Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM bill.kidwell@uky.edu; hayes@cs.uky.edu; allen.p.nikora@jpl.nasa.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1550-6002 BN 978-1-4799-7197-8 J9 INT CONF QUAL SOFTW PY 2014 BP 202 EP 211 DI 10.1109/QSIC.2014.10 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD1CT UT WOS:000357937200026 ER PT J AU Soriano, M Rogstad, S Navarro, R Wang, D Rogstad, D Finley, S Crichton, G AF Soriano, Melissa Rogstad, Stephen Navarro, Robert Wang, Douglas Rogstad, David Finley, Susan Crichton, Gerald GP IEEE TI Design and Implementation of a Deep Space Communications Complex Downlink Array SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper describes the design and implementation of an array system that includes a frequency domain beamformer that will coherently combine the downlinked signals from up to eight inputs at each of NASA's three Deep Space Communications Complexes (DSCC). The array signal processor digitizes inputs with an intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth of 100 to 600 MHz, coherently combines the inputs digitally, and transforms the combined waveform back to analog. Real-time correlation measurements are used for delay and phase calibration, allowing the system to adjust for atmospheric variations. A Downlink Array system is operational at each DSCC. Initial results from passes with the New Horizons spacecraft are presented and system performance is analyzed. C1 [Soriano, Melissa; Rogstad, Stephen; Navarro, Robert; Wang, Douglas; Rogstad, David; Finley, Susan; Crichton, Gerald] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Soriano, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Melissa.A.Soriano@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 BP 1 EP U321 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039100001 ER PT J AU Adumitroaie, V Gulkis, S Oyafuso, F AF Adumitroaie, Virgil Gulkis, Samuel Oyafuso, Fabiano GP IEEE TI Ammonia-Water Solution Cloud Modeling Of Gas Giant Planets Via Phase Equilibrium Calculations SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ATMOSPHERE; MIXTURES; JUPITER; STATE AB Gas giant planet atmospheres are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium along with trace constituents including methane, ammonia, water vapor, hydrogen sulfide, phosphine and others. Since the seminal work of Lewis (1969), many researchers have used I-D adiabatic atmospheric models to calculate solid and liquid cloud structures in the giant planets. In this contribution, traditional cloud modeling approaches for liquid clouds are reconsidered with respect to state-of-the-art techniques derived from fundamental principles governing the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) conditions. The technique is discussed from the perspective of binary mixtures with the provision that it can be generalized for multi-component mixtures. As a purposeful illustration, up-to-date thermodynamic properties of water and ammonia mixtures are used to investigate the aqueous ammonia clouds on Jupiter. Comparisons with the traditional approach are presented, as methodologies applied in constructing Jupiter's atmosphere. This work is related to the Microwave Radiometer (MWR) Experiment on the Juno spacecraft, which has the capability of sensing the brightness temperature of Jupiter in the vicinity of the cloud structures, from 0.5 atm to over 300 atm pressure. C1 [Adumitroaie, Virgil; Gulkis, Samuel; Oyafuso, Fabiano] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Adumitroaie, V (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Virgil.Adumitroaie@jpl.nasa.gov; Samuel.Gulkis@jpl.nasa.gov; Fabiano.A.Oyafuso@jpl.nasa.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103014 ER PT J AU Agrawal, P Allen, GA Sklyanskiy, EB Hwang, HH Huynh, LC McGuire, K Marley, MS Garcia, JA Aliaga, JF Moses, RW AF Agrawal, Parul Allen, Gary A., Jr. Sklyanskiy, Evgeniy B. Hwang, Helen H. Huynh, Loc C. McGuire, Kathy Marley, Mark S. Garcia, Joseph A. Aliaga, Jose F. Moses, Robert W. GP IEEE TI Atmospheric Entry Studies for Uranus SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID VOYAGER-2; OCCULTATIONS; NEPTUNE AB The present paper describes parametric studies conducted to define the Uranus entry trade space. Two different arrival opportunities in 2029 and 2043, corresponding to launches in 202 1 and 2034, respectively, are considered in the present study. These two launch windows factor in the 84-year orbital period, significant axial tilt, and the wide ring system of Uranus. As part of this study, an improved engineering model is developed for the Uranus atmosphere. This improved model is based on reconciliation of data available in the published literature and covers an altitude range of 0 km (1 bar pressure) to 5000 km. Two different entry scenarios are considered: 1) direct ballistic entry, and 2) aerocapture followed by entry from orbit. For ballistic entry a range of entry flight path angles are considered for probe entry masses ranging from 130 kg to 300 kg and diameters ranging from 0.8 m (Pioneer-Venus small probe scale) to 1.3 m (Galileo scale). The larger probes, which offer a larger packing volume, are considered in an attempt to accommodate more scientific instruments. For aerocapture a single case is studied to explore the feasibility and benefits of this option. C1 [Agrawal, Parul; Allen, Gary A., Jr.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ERC, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Sklyanskiy, Evgeniy B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hwang, Helen H.; McGuire, Kathy; Marley, Mark S.; Garcia, Joseph A.; Aliaga, Jose F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Huynh, Loc C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, STC, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Moses, Robert W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Agrawal, P (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ERC, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM parul.agrawal-l@nasa.gov; gary.a.allen@nasa.gov; evgeniy.sklyanskiy@jpl.nasa.gov; helen.hwang@nasa.gov; loc.c.huynh@nasa.gov; kathy.mcguire@nasa.gov; mark.s.marley@nasa.gov; joseph.a.garcia@nasa.gov; jose.f.aliaga@nasa.gov; robert.w.moses@nasa.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103011 ER PT J AU Alena, R Nakamura, Y Faber, N Mauro, D AF Alena, Richard Nakamura, Yosuke Faber, Nicolas Mauro, David GP IEEE TI Heterogeneous Spacecraft Networks: Wireless Network Technology Assessment SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Constellations of small satellites are useful for a number of earth observation and space exploration missions. The Heterogeneous Spacecraft Network project is defining operations concepts and promising technology that can provide greater capability at lower cost. Typically, such spacecraft can communicate with each other in orbit and with ground stations for spacecraft operation and downlink of science data. However, small spacecraft often cannot utilize the capability delivered by networks such as the Universal Space Network, even if the mission could afford the cost. Small spacecraft have significant constraints in terms of power availability, attitude stability and overall mass and volume, requiring innovative technology for implementing highly functional satellites. A major challenge for such missions is selecting communications technology able to function in the space environment, able to meet the requirements for both inter-satellite and space-to-ground data links and fit within the resources available on small satellites. Moreover, the cost of the technology needs to be as low as possible to facilitate participation by a broad range of organizations. Finally, the communications networks should conform to standards allowing broad adoption and the use of common infrastructure for multiple missions. Communications technology based on the IEEE 802 family of local area and metropolitan area network standards can be adapted to meet the needs of such missions. This paper will identify possible development paths for improved communication between small satellites and to the ground by reviewing and evaluating standards-based technology for use by small satellite missions. Methods for greatly extending both range and data rate will be proposed and analyzed. It will review and evaluate the IEEE 802.11 wireless network standards, the ITU WCDMA 3G cell phone standard and the IEEE 802.15.4 Personal Area Network standard. A simple set of communication requirements will define the trade offs between standards and identify the technical capability needed for such missions. Specifically, the improvements needed to the Physical Layer to extend range to 1200 Km and the ability to comply with spectrum management constraints will be investigated. Authentication and encryption will be addressed along (1)with adjustments to the Media Access Control layer that can optimize data transfer rates over a broad range of distances and conditions. The paper concludes with recommendations for standards-based communication technology development for small satellites supported by the results of this trade study. The primary objective is to greatly reduce the cost of data communication for small satellites by establishing a common infrastructure able to meet the needs of most missions. C1 [Alena, Richard] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Nakamura, Yosuke] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Demonstrat Res Ctr, JAXA Space Technol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Faber, Nicolas; Mauro, David] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Alena, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 269-4,Bldg 269, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM richard.l.alena@nasa.gov; nakamura.yosuke@jaxa.jp; nicolas.t.faber@nasa.gov; david.mauro@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101012 ER PT J AU Alena, R Ossenfort, J Stone, T Baldwin, J AF Alena, Richard Ossenfort, John Stone, Thom Baldwin, Jarren GP IEEE TI Wireless Space Plug-and-Play Architecture (SPA-Z) SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Space Plug-and-Play Architecture (SPA), defined by the Air Force Research Laboratory, is a new standard for spacecraft component interconnections (AIAA-S-133-x-2013) providing new capability for managing intelligent components. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Personal Area Network standard are finding increasing use in the home automation and emerging smart energy markets. The network protocol and application layers can be based on the ZigBee standard as defined by the ZigBee Alliance, providing a framework for component-based software that supports solutions from multiple vendors. SPA and ZigBee create self-configuring ad-hoc networks, but differ in their approach. SPA focuses on self-configuring components using wired interconnects while ZigBee forms self-configuring wireless networks. The optimal combination of SPA with ZigBee technology can bring the advantages of both methods to next-generation spacecraft by using self-configuring wireless networks for data and intelligent components with universal SPA-compliant interfaces. Mesh-enabled WSNs provide inherent fault tolerance and SPA provides dynamic fault management leading to low-power, low-cost ancillary sensing solutions for spacecraft.(1) Self-configuring architectures are the key for supporting a large number of sensors in dynamic configurations, allowing intelligent response for fault tolerant networks. Plug-and-Play for sensor networks could be defined as the capability for application software to query any sensor module connected to the ad-hoc dynamic network using module resident information defining the sensors characteristics. The embedding of sensor information into each Wireless Sensor Module (WSM) allows identifying each sensor unambiguously and accurately in terms of function and status, without the use of any configuration database. The IEEE 1451 Smart Transducer Interface Standard defines Transducer Electronic Datasheets (TEDS) containing key information regarding sensor characteristics such as name, description, serial number and calibration information. SPA defines an extensible format called xTEDS using XML embedded meta-information for sensor management enabling software to identify the sensor and interpret the sensor data stream without reference to any external information. The application software is able to read the status of each sensor module, responding in real-time to changes of WSN configuration and provide the appropriate response for maintaining overall sensor system function, even when sensor modules fail or the network is reconfigured. Temporal integrity of sensor data delivery is ensured by the use of a global network clock and embedding timestamps into each measurement result accurate to one millisecond. SPA provides high-level mechanisms for self-configuration and integration with other spacecraft components and can significantly improve interoperability. The architecture and technical feasibility for creating wireless fault-tolerant sensor networks is presented through integration of SPA, IEEE 1451 and ZigBee into the proposed SPA-Z architecture. SPA provides the broad framework, the IEEE 1451 standards provide templates for TEDS and sensor management and ZigBee provides effective wireless network management. The approach is to tailor these multiple standards into a viable architecture. The result conforms to multiple standards, enables deterministic response and provides a capable publish/subscribe interface to application software. Our proposed software architecture for intelligent sensor management using the SPA standard will be discussed in the context of the specific tradeoffs required for effective use. Two examples are presented, the first highlights SPA-Z advantages for reconfigurable payloads and the second describes the development of a SPA compliant WSN. C1 [Alena, Richard] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Ossenfort, John] NASA Ames Res Ctr, SGT Inc, Ames, IA USA. [Stone, Thom] NASA Ames Res Ctr, CSC Inc, Ames, IA USA. [Baldwin, Jarren] NASA Ames Res Ctr, USRA, Ames, IA USA. RP Alena, R (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Ames, IA USA. EM Richard.l.alena@nasa.gov; John.Ossenfort@nasa.gov; Thom.Stone@nasa.gov; Jarren.Baldwin@gmail.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101011 ER PT J AU Alexander, C Biele, J Gombosi, TI Taylor, MGG AF Alexander, C. Biele, J. Gombosi, T. I. Taylor, M. G. G. GP IEEE TI Multi-instrument Modeling Across the Rosetta Project: Preparations for the Prime Mission SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; COMET 67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO; MONTE-CARLO; ULTRAVIOLET; NUCLEUS; LANDER; DUST; PHOTOMETRY; ORBITER; PHILAE AB The International Rosetta Mission, a cornerstone mission of the European Space Agency (ESA), will both land on, and study the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and its environment, for a period of 17 months starting in August 2014. Measurements will begin at a heliocentric distance of about 3.25 AU, after which a Lander (designated 'Philae') will be deployed. The Lander mission will last approximately 7 days after which the orbiter will escort the comet through perihelion, to a post-perihelion distance of about 2 AU. The prime scientific objectives of the Rosetta mission include complete characterization of the nucleus, its topography and composition, determination of the drivers of jet activity, and the relationship between cometary and interstellar material and its implications with regard to the origin of the Solar System. Understanding the science at the comet will call for the interpretation of the payload's in situ and remote sensing measurements with robust 3D environment models. In this paper, we examine the modeling challenges, and summarize the status of interdisciplinary, cross-cutting, multi-instrument preparations for modeling the environment surrounding the comet.(1,2) C1 [Alexander, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Biele, J.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, RB MUSC, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. [Gombosi, T. I.] Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 80302 USA. [Taylor, M. G. G.] European Space Agcy, Estec, Sci Support Off, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Alexander, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Claudia.J.Alexander@jpl.nasa.gov; jens.biele@dlr.de; tamas@umich.edu; mtaylor@esa.int RI Gombosi, Tamas/G-4238-2011 OI Gombosi, Tamas/0000-0001-9360-4951 NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102071 ER PT J AU Alibay, F Bailey, ZJ AF Alibay, Farah Bailey, Zachary J. GP IEEE TI Trade Space Evaluation of Ascent and Return Architectures for a Mars Sample Return Mission SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The concept of Mars Sample Return (MSR) has been considered since the 1960s and is still a top priority for the planetary science community. [1] Although a plan on the number and types of samples to be collected for MSR has been outlined, as articulated in the Mars 2020 Science Definition Team report [2], the trade space of options to return this sample from the surface of Mars to the surface of the Earth is still being explored. One of the main challenges with MSR is that it is inherently a multi-vehicle system where each vehicle's design impacts that of the others. Defining the trade space must therefore be treated as a System of Systems (SoS) problem. The work presented puts forward a framework to rapidly explore such spatially and temporally distributed systems. It investigates the possible vehicle and technology options for MSR, assuming that a packaged sample has been left on the surface of Mars. It also evaluates how launch sequencing choices affect the expected return on investment of different architectures. The paper explores eight key trades, including different types of landing and propulsion systems, as well as low-cost direct return options. A large set of architectures are compared to the baseline proposed in the Planetary Science Decadal Survey [1] for MSR, which consists of a stationary lander, a small fetch rover, a Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV), and a return orbiter with chemical propulsion. Overall, the baseline is found to be well optimized, although a few options, including the use of solar electric propulsion and of a roving vehicle carrying the MAV to the sample, are shown to offer a better return on investment. Furthermore, when considering only the goals of MSR, an approach where the lander is sent to Mars at least one launch window ahead of the return orbiter is demonstrated to be preferable. C1 [Alibay, Farah] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bailey, Zachary J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Alibay, F (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM falibay@mit.edu; Zachary.J.Bailey@jpl.nasa.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102012 ER PT J AU Alibay, F Fernandes, P McGranaghan, R Leonard, J Clegg, R Craig, P Day, M Fougere, N Girazian, Z Hosseini, S Hutchins, M Scully, J Uckert, K Malaska, M Patthoff, A Ries, P Budney, C Mitchell, K AF Alibay, Farah Fernandes, Philip McGranaghan, Ryan Leonard, Jason Clegg, Ryan Craig, Patricia Day, Mackenzie Fougere, Nicolas Girazian, Zachary Hosseini, Sona Hutchins, Michael Scully, Jennifer Uckert, Kyle Malaska, Michael Patthoff, Alex Ries, Paul Budney, Charles Mitchell, Karl GP IEEE TI Design of a Low Cost Mission to the Neptunian System SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID STELLAR OCCULTATION OBSERVATIONS; GIANT PLANETS; SCIENTIFIC PAYLOAD; SOLAR-SYSTEM; TRITON; EVOLUTION; VOYAGER-2; CAPTURE; ORIGIN; URANUS AB Visited only by Voyager 2 in 1989, Neptune and its moon Triton hold important clues to the formation and evolution of the solar system and exoplanetary systems. Neptune-sized planets are the most commonly discovered exoplanets to date. Neptune, an ice giant, is theorized to have migrated from its formation location in the early solar system. This migration affects the expected interior structure, composition, and dynamical evolution of the planet. Triton is conjectured to be a heavily-processed, captured Kuiper Belt Object (KBO), a remnant from the early solar nebula and unique in our solar system. Triton may possess a subsurface aqueous ocean, making it an important astrobiological target. The 2013-2022 Planetary Science Decadal Survey [1] identified a number of high priority science goals for the Neptunian system, including understanding the structure, composition, and dynamics of Neptune's atmosphere and magnetosphere, as well as surveying the surface of Triton. Following these guidelines, we present a low cost flyby mission concept to Neptune and Triton: TRIDENT (Taking Remote and In-situ Data to Explore Neptune and Triton). TRIDENT would carry six instruments and a government furnished atmospheric probe and would provide significant improvements over the scientific measurements undertaken by Voyager 2. In this paper, we first provide a detailed overview of the science questions pertaining to Neptune and Triton and of the science investigations necessary to elucidate them. We then present the design of TRIDENT's instrument suite, the trajectory and the spacecraft, as well as the motivation behind each of our choices. In particular, we demonstrate that, for a mission launched on an Atlas V 551, a Neptune orbiter mission would be infeasible with current technology levels without the use of aerocapture. We therefore present a flyby mission concept with a cost lower than FY2015 $1.5B. We also show that the proposed mission has low risk and significant margin and that several de-scope options are available in the event of cost overruns. This study was prepared in conjunction with the NASA 2013 Planetary Science Summer School. The work presented is a hypothetical mission proposal, for planning and discussion purposes only. It does not represent NASA's interests in any way. C1 [Alibay, Farah] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02130 USA. [Fernandes, Philip] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [McGranaghan, Ryan; Leonard, Jason] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Clegg, Ryan] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Craig, Patricia] Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Day, Mackenzie] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Fougere, Nicolas] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Girazian, Zachary] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Hosseini, Sona] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Hutchins, Michael] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Scully, Jennifer] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Uckert, Kyle] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Malaska, Michael; Patthoff, Alex; Ries, Paul; Budney, Charles; Mitchell, Karl] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Alibay, F (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02130 USA. EM falibay@mit.edu; Philip.A.Fernandes.GR@dartmouth.edu; Ryan.Mcgranaghan@colorado.edu; Jason.Leonard@colorado.edu; rclegg@levee.wustl.edu; gavin.patricia2012@gmail.com; mdday@utexas.edu; fougere@umich.edu; zrjg@bu.edu; sshosseini@ucdavis.edu; mlhutch@uw.edu; jscully@ucla.edu; kuckert@astronomy.nmsu.edu; Michael.J.Malaska@jpl.nasa.gov; patthoff@jpl.nasa.gov; Paul.A.Ries@jpl.nasa.gov; Charles.J.Budney@jpl.nasa.gov; Karl.L.Mitchell@jpl.nasa.gov NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101069 ER PT J AU Anderson, DJ Munk, MM Pencil, E Dankanich, J Glaab, L Peterson, T AF Anderson, David J. Munk, Michelle M. Pencil, Eric Dankanich, John Glaab, Louis Peterson, Todd GP IEEE TI The Status of Spacecraft Bus and Platform Technology Development under the NASA ISPT Program SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The In-Space Propulsion Technology (ISPT) program is developing spacecraft bus and platform technologies that will enable or enhance NASA robotic science missions. The ISPT program is currently developing technology in three areas that include Propulsion System Technologies, Entry Vehicle Technologies, and Systems/Mission Analysis. ISPT's propulsion technologies include: 1) NASA's Evolutionary Xenon Thruster (NEXT) ion propulsion system, a 0.6-7 kW throttle-able gridded ion system; 2) a Hall-effect electric propulsion (HEP) system for sample return and low cost missions; 3) the Advanced Xenon Flow Control System (AXFS); ultra-lightweight propellant tank technologies (ULTT); and propulsion technologies for a Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV). The AXFS and ULTT are two component technologies being developed with nearer-term flight infusion in mind, whereas NEXT and the HEP are being developed as EP systems. ISPT's entry vehicle technologies are: 1) Aerocapture technology development with investments in a family of thermal protection system (TPS) materials and structures; guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) models of blunt-body rigid aeroshells; and aerothermal effect models; and 2) Multi-mission technologies for Earth Entry Vehicles (MMEEV) for sample return missions. The Systems/Mission Analysis area is focused on developing tools and assessing the application of propulsion, entry vehicle, and spacecraft bus technologies to a wide variety of mission concepts. Several of the ISPT technologies are related to sample return missions and other spacecraft bus technology needs like: MAV propulsion, MMEEV, and electric propulsion. These technologies, as well as Aerocapture, are more vehicle and mission-focused, and present a different set of technology development challenges. These in-space propulsion technologies are applicable, and potentially enabling for future NASA Discovery, New Frontiers, Flagship and sample return missions currently under consideration. This paper provides a brief overview of the ISPT program, describing the development status and technology infusion readiness. C1 [Anderson, David J.; Pencil, Eric; Peterson, Todd] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Munk, Michelle M.; Glaab, Louis] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Dankanich, John] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Anderson, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM David.J.Anderson@nasa.gov; Michelle.M.Munk@nasa.gov; Eric.J.Pencil@nasa.gov; John.Dankanich@nasa.gov; Louis.J.Glaab@nasa.gov; Todd.T.Peterson@nasa.gov NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102052 ER PT J AU Anderson, L Cole, B Yntema, R Bajaj, M Spangelo, S Kaslow, D Lowe, C Sudano, E Boghosian, M Reil, R Asundi, S Friedenthal, S AF Anderson, Louise Cole, Bjorn Yntema, Rose Bajaj, Manas Spangelo, Sara Kaslow, David Lowe, Christopher Sudano, Eric Boghosian, Mary Reil, Robin Asundi, Sharan Friedenthal, Sanford GP IEEE TI Enterprise Modeling For CubeSats SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Understanding the business aspect of a project or mission is of key importance in spacecraft systems engineering, including the mission cost, high level functions and objectives, workforce, hardware, and production of spacecraft. This is especially true for CubeSat missions, which typically deal with low costs, limited resources, low mass, low volume, and low power. Introducing enterprise modeling concepts to CubeSat missions allows for incorporation of analysis of cost, business processes, and requirements for the mission's spacecraft and problem domain. The following describes an application of enterprise modeling to CubeSats. A cost model in the form of parametric, cost estimating relationships (CERs) is described here and is planned to be integrated with the system model architecture to provide an "up to the minute" total project cost estimate, with emphasis on assessment at the conceptual design phase. System mission parameters such as space & ground segment sub-system performance metrics and launch vehicle requirements will provide input to an overall mission cost, which can be developed and refined throughout the mission lifecycle. Additional factors are applied in areas where uncertainties exist, and global financial phenomena such as projected inflation will also be considered. Production and management of the system model and supporting analysis tools will be discussed. The idea of an open source framework available for modeling CubeSats that incorporates both business concerns and approach is appealing for rapid development of CubeSats. The framework developed is a SysML representation of common CubeSat elements that can be used as a library to build a domain-specific CubeSat, and will incorporate management of the model and typical use cases. Tools will be used to help analyze the CubeSat system and allow for design of the System using SysML. A design for managing and packaging the commercial off the shelf (COTS) tooling, models, and analysis libraries is discussed. Modular parametric relations are included in the framework, with which the mass or cost of any component can be determined by summing up the mass or cost of its constituent components as they are designed with variant architectures. While SysML provides a big picture model describing both the CubeSat and outside elements for systems engineering purposes, Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) software provides a more detailed view of the specific parts that make up the manufactured product. A method for linking elements in a SysML model with artifacts in a PLM repository, including version management, is discussed. Other models and analysis that more fully describe the system in question can also be linked, allowing for collection of all relevant information about the CubeSat in one place. Much like the way current CubeSat Pumpkin Kits are marketed and sold, a modeling framework that allows for analyzing and costing the technical design of the spacecraft throughout the lifecycle of the mission will allow for more robust and reusable designs. This paper discusses the incorporation of enterprise concerns into a CubeSat framework and the management of that framework. C1 [Anderson, Louise; Cole, Bjorn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Yntema, Rose; Bajaj, Manas] InterCAX, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. [Spangelo, Sara; Kaslow, David] Analyt Graph, Exton, PA 19341 USA. [Lowe, Christopher] Univ Strathclyde, Adv Space Concepts Lab, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark, Scotland. [Sudano, Eric] EVSudano Syst Solut, Downingtown, PA 19335 USA. [Boghosian, Mary] Aerosp Corp, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Reil, Robin] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Fed Airfield NUQ, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Asundi, Sharan] Tuskegee Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Friedenthal, Sanford] Object Management Grp, Needham, MA 02494 USA. RP Anderson, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM lweezy@gmail.com; bjorn.cole@jpl.nasa.gov; rose.yntema@intercax.com; manas.bajaj@intercax.com; spangelo.sara@gmail.com; david.kaslow@gmail.com; christopher.lowe@strath.ac.uk; evsudano@gmail.com; mary.h.boghosian@aero.org; robin.l.reil@nasa.gov; asundi@mytu.tuskegee.edu; safriedenthal@verizon.net NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102032 ER PT J AU Babuscia, A Van de Loo, M Wei, QJ Pan, S Mohan, S Seager, S AF Babuscia, Alessandra Van de Loo, Mark Wei, Quantum J. Pan, Serena Mohan, Swati Seager, Sara GP IEEE TI Inflatable Antenna for CubeSat: Fabrication, Deployment and Results of Experimental Tests SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB CubeSats and small satellites have potential to provide means to explore space and to perform science in a more affordable way. As the goals for these spacecraft become more ambitious in space exploration, moving from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) or further, the communication systems currently implemented will not be able to support those missions. One of the bottlenecks is the antennas' size, due to the close relation between antenna gain and dimensions. Current antennas for CubeSats are mostly dipole or patch antennas with limited gain. Deployable (not inflatable) antennas for CubeSats are currently being investigated, but these solutions are affected by the challenge of packaging the whole deployable structure in a small spacecraft. The work that we propose represents the first attempt to develop an inflatable antenna for CubeSats. Inflatable structures and antennas can be packaged efficiently, occupying a small amount of space, and they can provide, once deployed, large dish dimension and correspondent gain. Inflatable antennas have been previously tested in space (Inflatable Antenna Experiment, STS-77). However they have never been developed for small spacecraft such as CubeSats, where the packaging efficiency, the deployment, and the inflation represent a challenge. Previous works developed by the authors described trade-off analysis, preliminary design and radiation model for the antenna. The research presented in this paper is focused specifically on implementation and testing. Details of the antenna's fabrication and related issues are illustrated as well as the mechanism to fold and deploy the antenna in space. Finally, results of the experimental tests (vacuum chamber and anechoic chamber) are described. Future work in the development of the antenna will include the improvement of the fabrication process and the design of a 3U CubeSat mission to be proposed as a technical demonstration. C1 [Babuscia, Alessandra; Mohan, Swati] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Van de Loo, Mark; Wei, Quantum J.; Pan, Serena; Seager, Sara] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Babuscia, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Alessandra.Babuscia@jpl.nasa.gov; mvdl@mit.edu; qwei@mit.edu; pan27@mit.edu; Swati.Mohan@jpl.nasa.gov; seager@mit.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039104018 ER PT J AU Babuscia, A Hung, C Divsalar, D Cheung, KM AF Babuscia, Alessandra Hung, Carolyn Divsalar, Dariush Cheung, Kar-Ming GP IEEE TI Code Division Multiple Access communications systems for CubeSats at Lunar Lagrangian L1 SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Interplanetary Cubesats would enable low-cost missions for high-quality scientific and exploration programs. In particular cubeSats in formation have been proposed to operate in the vicinity of the Lunar Lagrangian L1 to collect lunar scientific data and to perform surface observation. In this paper we present a low complexity CDMA system for CubeSats (M small spacecraft) for communications between the Lunar L1 and Earth station. It is well known that the complexity of a CDMA transmitter is much lower than the complexity of the CDMA receiver. Moreover, the complexity of a channel encoder is always much lower than the complexity of the channel decoder. So for downlink communications it makes sense to use encoders for modern codes such as Turbo and LDPC followed by a spread spectrum transmitter for CDMA systems for CubeSats. Here we used an LDPC coded CDMA with BPSK modulation with rectangular and half-sine pulse shaping. Except for the PN generator seed numbers, the communication structure of all CubeSats would be identical and operating at one single RF frequency. For the uplink we may choose an uncoded CDMA system since the uplink transmit power is expected to be high enough to support the use of uncoded CDMA system. In addition since there would be no multipath for the uplink (broadcast channel) the use of orthogonal spreading codes such as Walsh codes is appropriate. The choice of orthogonal codes would reduce the multiuser interference. However due to some limitation (bandwidth, data rates, and M) we may be forced to use nonorthogonal PN codes. In addition, one of the spreading codes will not carry any data, which acts as an unmodulated pilot to reduce the complexity of synchronization. The proposed uncoded CDMA yields receivers for CubeSats that have low complexity implementation. Each component of CubeSats could easily extract its own received data with almost no interference from other users in case of orthogonal spreading codes. For the downlink, depending on the available bandwidth, and the data rates, a large processing gain could be obtained if the N is not large. Thus the multiuser interference degradation due to the other CubeSats could be made small at the Earth station. If N is large, and the bandwidth and data rates do not allow large processing gains then the multiuser interference could be high. In such cases we could use a simple parallel interference cancellation method with two stages that dramatically improves the system performance for the downlink. In this paper we accurately analyzed and simulated the proposed CDMA system for a concept Constellation of 20 CubeSats (M=20). All system simulations are done using Simulink platform. C1 [Babuscia, Alessandra; Hung, Carolyn; Divsalar, Dariush; Cheung, Kar-Ming] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Babuscia, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM alessandra.babuscia@jpl.nasa.gov; carolyn.hung@jpl.nasa.gov; dariush.divsalar@jpl.nasa.gov; kar-ming.cheung@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102030 ER PT J AU Babuscia, A Cheung, KM AF Babuscia, Alessandra Cheung, Kar-Ming GP IEEE TI Risk-Based Space System Design: A Novel Probabilistic Approach to Design Risk for Small Satellites SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB (12)Spacecraft are complex systems that involve different subsystems and multiple relationships among them. The design of a spacecraft is an evolutionary process that starts from requirements and evolves across different design phases. During this process, a lot of changes can happen and affect mass and power at component level, at subsystem level, and even at system level. Each spacecraft has to respect overall constraints in terms of mass and power: for this reason, it's important to be sure that the design does not exceed these limitations. Current practice in system modeling primarily deals with this problem allocating margins. However, a statistical characterization of the fluctuations in mass and power in the early design phases is missing. This lack of statistical characterization would result either in a risky spacecraft design that might not fit the mission constraints and requirements, or in a conservative design that might not fully utilize the available resources. The authors have previously developed a mathematical approach ([1] [2] [3] [4]) to quantify the likelihood that the major design drivers of mass and power of a space communication system would meet the spacecraft and mission requirements and constraints through the mission design lifecycle. The methodology uses a combination of statistics based on data and probabilities assessed by experts in the field. Additionally, the methodology is innovative in the approach developed to elicit experts' opinions [5] which allows the analyst to identify biases or mis-calibrations which can affect the final estimation. The work presented in this paper extends the approach developed to the entire spacecraft design, focusing on small spacecraft (less than 50 Kg mass) due to the recent interest in the space community in such platforms. The spacecraft is analyzed in its subsystems and related components. A database is constructed to compute data statistics. An interview process to elicit expert opinions in all the areas of spacecraft design is developed and the results are presented. A test case made of a small satellite mission (CASTOR) is presented and the results are described. C1 [Babuscia, Alessandra; Cheung, Kar-Ming] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Babuscia, Alessandra] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Babuscia, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Alessandra.Babuscia@jpl.nasa.gov; Kar-Ming.Cheung@jpl.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039100047 ER PT J AU Backes, P O'Flaherty, R Helmick, D Kim, W Younse, P Ganino, A AF Backes, Paul O'Flaherty, Rowland Helmick, Daniel Kim, Won Younse, Paulo Ganino, Anthony GP IEEE TI Tube Transfer Using the Sampling Arm for Mars Sample Caching SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB A sample acquisition and caching architecture has been developed for the proposed Mars 2020 mission that acquires samples directly into sample tubes in coring bits. Sample tubes are inserted and removed from the bits, seals are inserted into the tubes, and the tubes are placed in the sample canister. This paper describes initial algorithms, implementation, and test results where sample tube transfer operations are performed using the sampling arm where the tube gripper is on the arm turret with the sampling tool. The testbed utilizes a robotic arm with harmonic drives in the actuators which then provide an arm with low backlash and high resolution of motion. A six-axis force-torque sensor provides force feedback for the tube transfer operations. The results show that the tube transfer operations can be done robustly using the existing testbed robotic arm and caching hardware. Future work is described which will investigate the effects on robustness of the tube transfer with reduced capability robotic arm and force sensing. C1 [Backes, Paul; O'Flaherty, Rowland; Helmick, Daniel; Kim, Won; Younse, Paulo; Ganino, Anthony] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Backes, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Paul.G.Backes@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103043 ER PT J AU Beilicke, M Cowsik, R Dowkontt, P Guo, Q Kislat, F Krawczynski, H Barthelmy, S Okajima, T Mitchell, JW Schnittman, J Zeiger, B De Geronimo, G Baring, MG Bodaghee, A Miyazawa, T AF Beilicke, Matthias Cowsik, R. Dowkontt, P. Guo, Q. Kislat, F. Krawczynski, H. Barthelmy, S. Okajima, T. Mitchell, J. W. Schnittman, J. Zeiger, B. De Geronimo, G. Baring, M. G. Bodaghee, A. Miyazawa, T. GP IEEE TI Design and tests of the hard X-ray polarimeter X-Calibur SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID ACCRETING BLACK-HOLES; RELATIVISTIC JETS; POLARIZATION; EMISSION; RADIATION; GRAVITY AB X-ray polarimetry promises to give qualitatively new information about high-energy astrophysical sources, such as binary black hole systems, micro-quasars, active galactic nuclei, and gamma-ray bursts. We designed, built and tested a hard X-ray polarimeter, X-Calibur, to be used in the focal plane of the balloon-borne InFOCuS grazing incidence hard X-ray telescope. X-Calibur combines a low-Z Compton scatterer with a CZT detector assembly to measure the polarization of 20-60 ke V X-rays making use of the fact that polarized photons Compton scatter preferentially perpendicular to the electric field orientation. The X-Cali bur detector assembly is completed, tested, and calibrated; a first flight is scheduled from Ft. Sumner, NM, in fall 2014. In principal, a similar space-borne experiment could be operated in the 5-100 keV regime. X-Cali bur achieves a high detection efficiency of order unity. C1 [Beilicke, Matthias; Cowsik, R.; Dowkontt, P.; Guo, Q.; Kislat, F.; Krawczynski, H.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Beilicke, Matthias; Cowsik, R.; Dowkontt, P.; Guo, Q.; Kislat, F.; Krawczynski, H.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Barthelmy, S.; Okajima, T.; Mitchell, J. W.; Schnittman, J.; Zeiger, B.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [De Geronimo, G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bodaghee, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Miyazawa, T.] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Beilicke, M (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM beilicke@physics.wustl.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101049 ER PT J AU Bell, D Allen, S Chamberlain, N Danos, M Edwards, C Gladden, R Herman, D Huh, S Ilott, P Jedrey, T Khanampornpan, T Kwok, A Mendoza, R Peters, K Sburlan, S Shihabi, M Thomas, R AF Bell, David Allen, Steve Chamberlain, Neil Danos, Monika Edwards, Chad Gladden, Roy Herman, David Huh, Shin Ilott, Peter Jedrey, Tom Khanampornpan, Teerapat Kwok, Andrew Mendoza, Ricardo Peters, Ken Sburlan, Suzana Shihabi, Mazen Thomas, Reid GP IEEE TI MRO Relay Telecom Support of Mars Science Laboratory Surface Operations SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission landed the Curiosity Rover on the surface of Mars on August 6, 2012, beginning a one Martian year primary science mission. The UHF relay link from Curiosity to the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) incorporates new features enabled by the Electra and Electra-Lite software-defined radios on MRO and Curiosity, respectively. Specifically, the Curiosity-MRO link has for the first time utilized frequencyagile operations, increased data rates from 256 kbps up to 2048 kbps, employed suppressed carrier modulation and a new Adaptive Data Rate algorithm in which the return-link data rate is varied to match the observed channel condition. During the first 200 sols, the telecom operations team has been able to tune the radio and protocol parameters to maximize return-link data volume, which is now averaging roughly 500 Mbits per sol or twice the design requirement of 250 Mbits per sol. The telecom team has also derived new predict models that reduce data volume prediction errors and that quantify the impact of operational modes and link parameters, providing further planning insight for MSL mission operations team. C1 [Bell, David; Allen, Steve; Chamberlain, Neil; Danos, Monika; Edwards, Chad; Gladden, Roy; Herman, David; Huh, Shin; Ilott, Peter; Jedrey, Tom; Khanampornpan, Teerapat; Kwok, Andrew; Mendoza, Ricardo; Peters, Ken; Sburlan, Suzana; Shihabi, Mazen; Thomas, Reid] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bell, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM david.j.bell@jpl.nasa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039100009 ER PT J AU Bitten, R Shinn, SA AF Bitten, Robert Shinn, Stephen A. GP IEEE TI Historical Mass, Power, Schedule, and Cost Growth for NASA Science Instruments SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB In the early stages of NASA instrument development, science instruments are typically the most nascent part of any NASA mission development. As the building of spacecraft become less challenging for a mature industry, NASA's continual need to push the cutting edge of science requires the revolutionary and evolutionary development of instruments to meet science requirements. Instruments then face substantial issues that can result in significant increases in mass, power, cost, and schedule. Although previous studies have identified such issues, there are few industry standard reserve/contingency design and programmatic guidelines for instruments. This paper compares historical mass, power, cost, and schedule growth to industry reserve guidelines while offering potential recommendations to minimize instrument mass, power, cost, and schedule growth for future missions. C1 [Bitten, Robert] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Shinn, Stephen A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bitten, R (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, 2310 E El Segundo Blvd, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM robert.e.bitten@aero.org; stephen.a.shinn@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039100057 ER PT J AU Brophy, JR AF Brophy, John R. GP IEEE TI Technology for a Robotic Asteroid Redirect Mission SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB In-space transportation technology is the key to unlocking the material resources of near-Earth asteroids for the benefit of human spaceflight activities beyond low-Earth orbit. High-power solar electric propulsion, with power levels of around 50 kW represents the most capable, affordable, near-term propulsion technology available and is enabling for the capture and retrieval of entire small near-Earth asteroids. Future technology advances, stimulated by the successful retrieval of the first asteroid, will likely include scaling to higher power levels, operation at higher specific impulse levels, and ultimately the use of asteroid-derived materials as propellant. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Brophy, JR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM John.R.Brophy@jpl.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102081 ER PT J AU Cates, G Stromgren, C Arney, D Cirillo, W Goodliff, K AF Cates, Grant Stromgren, Chel Arney, Dale Cirillo, William Goodliff, Kandyce GP IEEE TI International Human Mission to Mars: Analyzing a Conceptual Launch and Assembly Campaign SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB In July of 2013, U.S. Congressman Kennedy (D-Mass.) successfully offered an amendment to H.R. 2687, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2013. "International Participation-The President should invite the United States partners in the International Space Station program and other nations, as appropriate, to participate in an international initiative under the leadership of the United States to achieve the goal of successfully conducting a crewed mission to the surface of Mars." This paper presents a concept for an international campaign to launch and assemble a crewed Mars Transfer Vehicle. NASA's "Human Exploration of Mars: Design Reference Architecture 5.0" (DRA 5.0) was used as the point of departure for this concept. DRA 5.0 assumed that the launch and assembly campaign would be conducted using NASA launch vehicles. The concept presented utilizes a mixed fleet of NASA Space Launch System (SLS), U.S. commercial and international launch vehicles to accomplish the launch and assembly campaign. This concept has the benefit of potentially reducing the campaign duration. However, the additional complexity of the campaign must also be considered. The reliability of the launch and assembly campaign utilizing SLS launches augmented with commercial and international launch vehicles is analyzed and compared using discrete event simulation. C1 [Cates, Grant] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920 USA. [Stromgren, Chel] Binera Inc, Risk Analyt Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Arney, Dale] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Space Mission Anal Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Cirillo, William; Goodliff, Kandyce] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Cates, G (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 8910 Astronaut Blvd,Suite 330, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920 USA. EM grant.r.cates@saic.com; c.stromgren@binera.com; dale.c.arney@nasa.gov; william.m.cirillo@nasa.gov; kandyce.e.goodliff@nasa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102091 ER PT J AU Chamberlain, N Vacchione, J AF Chamberlain, Neil Vacchione, Joseph GP IEEE TI Electromagnetic Modeling of the Proposed DESDynI Synthetic Aperture Radar Antenna SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The proposed DESDynI mission is in pre-formulation by NASA and ISRO for Earth-orbit remote sensing. The mission is envisioned as an interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) operating at L-band and S-band. The proposed instrument features a new mode of radar imaging known as SweepSAR and would be capable of fully polarimetric radar measurements. The radar instrument would be equipped with a large-aperture antenna comprising a deployable reflector antenna and arrays of patch elements. This paper focuses on the electromagnetic modeling of the instrument antenna. Results from two independent electromagnetic modeling programs are described that show good agreement in the accommodated antenna patterns. C1 [Chamberlain, Neil; Vacchione, Joseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chamberlain, N (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Neil.F.Chamberlain@jpl.nasa.gov; Joseph.D.Vacchione@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102059 ER PT J AU Cheung, KM Lau, CW Lee, C AF Cheung, Kar-Ming Lau, Chi-Wung Lee, Charles GP IEEE TI Link Analysis for Space Communication Links Using ARQ Protocol SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB In space communications, standard link analysis assumes that messages are sent once. For a communication link that uses an error-correction coding scheme, bit-error-rate (BER) or frame-error-rate (FER), and link margins are common metrics that characterize the quality of a link, and they are used to determine the supportable data rate. With the advent of Automatic Repeat-reQuest (ARQ) protocols, when messages are corrupted during transmission, they can be resent multiple times automatically until they are correctly received and acknowledged. The concept of BER, FER, and link margin cannot be directly applied, and the link analysis approach for ARQ links needs to be re-examined. In [1] we described the problem formulation and defined the evaluation metrics to analyze the performance of ARQ links, and derived analytical models that describe the statistical behavior of the space links that use ARQ. In this paper, we show that by integrating these analytical ARQ protocol models into the standard link analysis, we bypass the need to simulate or emulate the ARQ protocol operations, and generate analytical models on effective data rate, effective throughput, latency, and FER. We demonstrate this approach using the Lunar L2 Flyby Mission communication scenarios, and discuss the insights and trades between link efficiency, latency, and error rate. C1 [Cheung, Kar-Ming; Lau, Chi-Wung; Lee, Charles] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Cheung, KM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Kar-Ming.Cheung@jpl.nasa.gov; Chi-Wung.Lau@jpl.nasa.gov; Charles.H.Lee@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039100048 ER PT J AU Christe, S Shih, A Rodriguez, M Gregory, K Cramer, A Edgerton, M Gaskin, J O'Connor, B Sobey, A AF Christe, Steven Shih, Albert Rodriguez, Marcello Gregory, Kyle Cramer, Alexander Edgerton, Melissa Gaskin, Jessica O'Connor, Brian Sobey, Alexander GP IEEE TI A Solar Aspect System for the HEROES Mission SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE DE aspect system; high-altitude balloon; solar; Sun; X-ray ID DENSITY-FUNCTION AB A new Solar Aspect System (SAS) has been developed to provide the ability to observe the Sun on an existing balloon payload HERO (short for High Energy Replicated Optics). Developed under the HEROES program (High Energy Replicated Optics to Explore the Sun), the SAS aspect system provides solar pointing knowledge in pitch, yaw, and roll. The required precision of these measurements must be better than the HEROES X-ray resolution of similar to 20 arcsec Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) so as to not degrade the image resolution. The SAS consists of two separate systems: the Pitch-Yaw Aspect System (PYAS) and the Roll Aspect System (RAS). The PYAS functions by projecting an image of the Sun onto a screen with precision fiducials. A CCD camera takes an image of these fiducials, and an automated algorithm determines the location of the Sun as well as the location of the fiducials. The spacing between fiducials is unique and allows each to be identified so that the location of the Sun on the screen can be precisely determined. The RAS functions by imaging the Earth's horizon in opposite directions using a silvered prism imaged by a CCD camera. The design and first results of the performance of these systems during the HEROES flight which occurred in September 2013 are presented here. C1 [Christe, Steven; Shih, Albert; Rodriguez, Marcello; Gregory, Kyle; Cramer, Alexander; Edgerton, Melissa] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gaskin, Jessica; O'Connor, Brian; Sobey, Alexander] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA. RP Christe, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM steven.christe@nasa.gov; jessica.gaskin@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102055 ER PT J AU Crain, RK AF Crain, Robert K. GP IEEE TI MBSE without a Process-Based Data Architecture is just a random set of Characters SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper describes the importance of developing a Process-Based Data Architecture as part of pursuing a Model Based Systems Engineering Methodology. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the user to best practices in developing a Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach, focusing on the definition of the Data Architecture. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, MEI Technol, Houston, TX 77059 USA. RP Crain, RK (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, MEI Technol, 17102 Chapel Pk Way, Houston, TX 77059 USA. EM Robert.K.Crain@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039100059 ER PT J AU Creech, SD AF Creech, Stephen D. GP IEEE TI NASA's Space Launch System: an Enabling Capability for Discovery SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Space Launch System (SLS) Program, managed at the Marshall Space Flight Center, is making progress toward delivering a new capability for human spaceflight and scientific missions beyond Earth orbit (BEO). Developed with the goals of safety, affordability, and sustainability in mind, the SLS rocket will launch the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV), equipment, supplies, and major science missions for exploration and discovery. Making its first uncrewed test flight in 2017 and its first crewed flight in 2021, the SLS will evolve into the most powerful launch vehicle ever flown, capable of supporting human missions into deep space and to Mars. This paper will summarize the planned capabilities of the vehicle, the progress the SLS Program has made in the years since the Agency formally announced its architecture in September 2011, and the path the program is following to reach the launch pad in 2017 and then to evolve the 70 metric ton (t) initial lift capability to 130 t lift capability. The paper outlines the milestones the program has already reached, from developmental milestones such as the manufacture of the first flight hardware and record-breaking engine testing, to life-cycle milestones such as the vehicle's Preliminary Design Review in the summer of 2013. The paper will also discuss the remaining challenges in both delivering the 70 t vehicle and in evolving its capabilities to the 130 t vehicle, and how the program plans to accomplish these goals. In addition, this paper will demonstrate how the Space Launch System is being designed to enable or enhance not only human exploration missions, but robotic scientific missions as well. Because of its unique launch capabilities, SLS will support simplifying spacecraft complexity, provide improved mass margins and radiation mitigation, and reduce mission durations. These capabilities offer attractive advantages for ambitious science missions by reducing infrastructure requirements, cost, and schedule. A traditional baseline approach for a mission to investigate the Jovian system would require a complicated trajectory with several gravity-assist planetary fly-bys to achieve the necessary outbound velocity. The SLS rocket, offering significantly higher C3 energies, can more quickly and effectively take the mission directly to its destination, providing scientific results sooner and at lower operational cost. The SLS rocket will launch payloads of unprecedented mass and volume, such as "monolithic" telescopes and in-space infrastructure, and will revolutionize science mission planning and design for years to come. As this paper will explain, SLS is making measurable progress toward becoming a global infrastructure asset for robotic and human scouts of all nations by harnessing business and technological innovations to deliver sustainable solutions for space exploration. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Launch Syst Program, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Creech, SD (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Launch Syst Program, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM Stephen.D.Creech@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039100004 ER PT J AU Daigle, M Kulkarni, CS Gorospe, G AF Daigle, Matthew Kulkarni, Chetan S. Gorospe, George GP IEEE TI Application of Model-based Prognostics to a Pneumatic Valves Testbed SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Pneumatic-actuated valves play an important role in many applications, including cryogenic propellant loading for space operations. Model-based prognostics emphasizes the importance of a model that describes the nominal and faulty behavior of a system, and how faulty behavior progresses in time, causing the end of useful life of the system. We describe the construction of a testbed consisting of a pneumatic valve that allows the injection of faulty behavior and controllable fault progression. The valve opens discretely, and is controlled through a solenoid valve. Controllable leaks of pneumatic gas in the testbed are introduced through proportional valves, allowing the testing and validation of prognostics algorithms for pneumatic valves. A new valve prognostics approach is developed that estimates fault progression and predicts remaining life based only on valve timing measurements. Simulation experiments demonstrate and validate the approach. C1 [Daigle, Matthew] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kulkarni, Chetan S.; Gorospe, George] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Daigle, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM matthew.j.daigle@nasa.gov; chetan.s.kulkarni@nasa.gov; george.e.gorospe@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102008 ER PT J AU Daigle, M Kulkarni, CS AF Daigle, Matthew Kulkarni, Chetan S. GP IEEE TI A Battery Health Monitoring Framework for Planetary Rovers SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID PROGNOSTICS AB Batteries have seen an increased use in electric ground and air vehicles for commercial, military, and space applications as the primary energy source. An important aspect of using batteries in such contexts is battery health monitoring. Batteries must be carefully monitored such that the battery health can be determined, and end of discharge and end of usable life events may be accurately predicted. For planetary rovers, battery health estimation and prediction is critical to mission planning and decision-making. We develop a model-based approach utilizing computaitonally efficient and accurate electrochemistry models of batteries. An unscented Kalman filter yields state estimates, which are then used to predict the future behavior of the batteries and, specifically, end of discharge. The prediction algorithm accounts for possible future power demands on the rover batteries in order to provide meaningful results and an accurate representation of prediction uncertainty. The framework is demonstrated on a set of lithium-ion batteries powering a rover at NASA Ames Research Center using real experimental field test data. C1 [Daigle, Matthew] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kulkarni, Chetan S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Daigle, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM matthew.j.daigle@nasa.gov; chetan.s.kulkarni@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102007 ER PT J AU Deininger, WD Gilmore, CP Hale, MJ McLean, CH Moler, VD Osborne, RD Porter, BS Brown, AE Marlow, MS Rand, DR Aggarwal, PK AF Deininger, W. D. Gilmore, C. P. Hale, M. J. McLean, C. H. Moler, V. D. Osborne, R. D. Porter, B. S. Brown, A. E. Marlow, M. S. Rand, D. R. Aggarwal, P. K. GP IEEE TI Description of the Green Propellant Infusion Mission (GPIM) Mission System SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Green Propellant Infusion Mission (GPIM) Project is sponsored by the NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) as part of the work conducted by the Technology Demonstration Mission (TDM) Office. The goal of GPIM is to advance the technology readiness level (TRL) of a green propulsion technology based on the monopropellant AF-M315E via flight demonstration. Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. (Ball Aerospace) is leading an Industry, NASA and Department of Defense (DoD) team to execute the GPIM Project. The green propellant propulsion subsystem (GPPS) is being developed and manufactured by Aerojet Rocketdyne. Ball Aerospace is providing the spacecraft bus, a Ball Configurable Platform (BCP)-100, to which the GPPS payload is integrated. Ball is providing all spacecraft level assembly, integration and test (AI&T) activities and manages launch services and flight operations. The Air Force Space & Missile Systems Center (SMC) will launch GPIM as a secondary payload via the STP-2 Mission. The GPIM space vehicle will be operated through SMC's Multi-Mission Satellite Operations Center (MMSOC). This paper describes the BCP-100 spacecraft and its straight-forward modification to accommodate and operate the GPPS, the GPIM launch vehicle interface and ground system. C1 [Deininger, W. D.; Gilmore, C. P.; Hale, M. J.; McLean, C. H.; Moler, V. D.; Osborne, R. D.; Porter, B. S.; Brown, A. E.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Marlow, M. S.] Space Dev & Test Directorate, DoD Space Test Program, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Rand, D. R.] SMC SDTA, Space Acquisit & Dev Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Aggarwal, P. K.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Deininger, WD (reprint author), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM wdeining@ball.com; cgilmore@ball.com; mhale@ball.com; cmclean@ball.com; vmoler@ball.com; rosborne@ball.com; bporter@ball.com; aebrown@ball.com; mike.marlow@kirtland.af; dana.rand@kirtland.af.mil; pravin.aggarwal@nasa.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103061 ER PT J AU Dillon, RL Tinsley, CH Rogers, EW AF Dillon, Robin L. Tinsley, Catherine H. Rogers, Edward W. GP IEEE TI Using Organizational Messages to Improve the Recognition of Near-Miss Events on Projects SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID RISK-TAKING; ACCOUNTABILITY AB Although organizations may extract valuable lessons from visible failures, they too often neglect near-miss events-those that occur before a catastrophe-for the early learning opportunities these events can provide. Near-misses are situations where a failure could have occurred except for the intervention of good fortune and are often harbingers of future failure. Prior research has demonstrated a natural propensity for individuals and organizations to ignore these warning signals because they perceive the near-misses as successes. We show that people can be made more cognizant of near-misses by using organizational messages to help people recognize the difference between a near-miss and a success. In three studies, subtle primes that promoted a sense of accountability, project significance and risk aversion made both MBA students and NASA managers and contractors examine near-miss events more critically. C1 [Dillon, Robin L.; Tinsley, Catherine H.] Georgetown Univ, McDonough Sch Business, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Rogers, Edward W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Off Chief Knowledge Officer, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Dillon, RL (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, McDonough Sch Business, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM rld9@georgetown.edu; tinsleyc@georgetown.edu; edward.w.rogers@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039100006 ER PT J AU Divsalar, D Asmar, S Moision, B Oudrhiri, K AF Divsalar, Dariush Asmar, Sami Moision, Bruce Oudrhiri, Kamal GP IEEE TI Radio Science Measurements in Presence of Data on optical and RF Links SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Radio Science (RS) experiments currently rely on unmodulated CW RF signal carrier for spectral purity and maximized signal-to-noise ratio. This requires missions to carefully schedule them away from periods of high rate telemetry. In the era of optical communications, current systems experience the same problem. In this paper, we derive a data processing architecture that will yield high-accuracy RS or link science type of information on the ground from communication signals readily transmitted from space assets, in a broad range of communication frequencies, from RF to optical. This technique is intended to save power, bandwidth and scheduling demands on the spacecraft. Our proposed technical approach is applicable to a broad suite of modulations (phase and/or intensity), of receiver types (coherent and/or non-coherent), and carrier frequencies (e.g., microwave, optical), thus providing an architectural improvement to present state-of-the-art communication systems utilized by NASA as well as to future systems. This method is an additional module to the existing communication receiver architecture, and does not require modifications to their operation. We propose a practical system that approaches the ultimate theoretical performance for estimating the amplitude, phase, and frequency variations due to the changes in the planet atmosphere. For optical links with intensity modulated laser transmission or phase modulated CW laser communications the proposed optical receiver provides both data detection and signals required to extract RS data such as amplitude, phase and frequency due to planetary atmospheric changes. We can extract the same information required for RS data by using differential methods of encoding and at the optical receiver a local laser, a phase shifter, and an array of photon detectors are used. C1 [Divsalar, Dariush; Asmar, Sami; Moision, Bruce; Oudrhiri, Kamal] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Divsalar, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM dariush.divsalar@jpl.nasa.gov; sami.asmar@jpl.nasa.gov; bruce.moision@jpl.nasa.gov; kamal.oudrhiri@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102013 ER PT J AU Donnellan, A Parker, JW Wang, J Ma, Y Pierce, M AF Donnellan, Andrea Parker, Jay W. Wang, Jun Ma, Yu Pierce, Marlon GP IEEE TI Cloud Computing for Geodetic Imaging Data Processing, Analysis, and Modeling SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Geodetic imaging data from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) are used to measure crustal deformation related to tectonic motions and displacements on earthquake faults. NASA's UAVSAR project and related efforts are creating large catalogs of data products. The user base of these data products is also growing, introducing the need for downstream tools to support computationally expensive individual research as well as access to voluminous and heterogeneous data products. Bundling data inside a virtual machine becomes impractical for load balancing and on-demand auto scaling. A possible solution is to separate the application services from the data service. The Amazon public cloud would be utilized for computation and analysis and private data would be served from a private cloud through Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) cascading services. We are using Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), which is a basic virtual machine service, for cloud deployment. Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) is used to seamlessly distribute incoming traffic among multiple instances. Auto scaling with CloudWatch results in on-demand scalability. ELB detects unhealthy instances and automatically reroutes traffic, while auto scaling replaces the unhealthy instances to maintain high availability. Content is distributed globally through CloudFront where distribution is via a global network of edge locations, which optimizes performance by routing content to the nearest edge location. Amazon web services (AWS) cloud infrastructure provides easy deployment of highly available and on-demand scalable applications. However, applications requiring instant access of relatively large datasets face certain limitations from Elastic Block Store (EBS). A single EBS volume is limited to 1 TB, and as well as the high costs, and EBS volumes cannot be shared among multiple instances. The current processed UAVSAR Repeat Pass Interferometry data products are about 2.5 TB and the volume continues to expand. C1 [Donnellan, Andrea; Parker, Jay W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wang, Jun; Ma, Yu; Pierce, Marlon] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Wang, Jun] Indiana Univ, Community Grids Lab, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Ma, Yu] Indiana Univ, Sci Gateways Grp, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Ma, Yu] Indiana Univ, Res Technol Applicat Div, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Pierce, Marlon] Indiana Univ, Sci Gateways Grp Res Technol Applicat, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Pierce, Marlon] Indiana Univ, Pervas Technol Inst, Community Grids Lab, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Donnellan, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Andrea.Donnellan@jpl.nasa.gov; Jay.W.Parker@jpl.nasa.gov; wang208@iu.edu; yuma@iu.edu; marpierc@iu.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101061 ER PT J AU Donnellan, A Bills, B Green, JJ Goullioud, R Jones, S Knight, R Underhill, M Goguen, J De Jong, EM Ansar, A Hallet, B Thompson, L Scambos, T Gardner, AS Morin, P Ekholm, J AF Donnellan, Andrea Bills, Bruce Green, Joseph J. Goullioud, Renaud Jones, Susan Knight, Russell Underhill, Michael Goguen, Jay De Jong, Eric M. Ansar, Adnan Hallet, Bernard Thompson, Lonnie Scambos, Ted Gardner, Alex S. Morin, Paul Ekholm, Jared GP IEEE TI Studying Mountain Glacier Processes Using a Staring Instrument SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Mountain glaciers around the globe are retreating rapidly, but the exact mechanisms causing the retreat are not well understood. Is warming of the atmosphere the key driver? What are the roles of changes in surface albedo due to contaminants and snow optical grain size and surface roughness? Improved understanding of the response of mountain glaciers to global and environmental change is key to answering these questions. A staring instrument that provides measurements from multiple viewing and illumination angles enables simultaneous measurement of 3D surface structure, including texture, material characteristics, and albedo. Such measurements make it possible to determine melt due to absorbed solar energy separately from melt due to other sources. The International Space Station (ISS) provides a possible host platform for a staring instrument that could access all tropical and most temperate mountain glaciers. The non-sun-synchronous orbit enables varying solar illumination angles. C1 [Donnellan, Andrea; Bills, Bruce; Green, Joseph J.; Goullioud, Renaud; Jones, Susan; Knight, Russell; Underhill, Michael; Goguen, Jay; De Jong, Eric M.; Ansar, Adnan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hallet, Bernard] Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thompson, Lonnie] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Scambos, Ted] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gardner, Alex S.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Morin, Paul] Univ Minnesota, Polar Geosci Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ekholm, Jared] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Cyber Integrat & Transit Branch, Rome, NY USA. RP Donnellan, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Andrea.Donnellan@jpl.nasa.gov; Bruce.Bills@jpl.nasa.gov; Joseph.J.Green@jpl.nasa.gov; Renaud.Goullioud@jpl.nasa.gov; Susan.K.Jones@jpl.nasa.gov; Russell.L.Knight@jpl.nasa.gov; Michael.L.Underhill@jpl.nasa.gov; Jay.Goguen@jpl.nasa.gov; Eric.M.DeJong@jpl.nasa.gov; Adnan.Ansar@jpl.nasa.gov; hallet@u.washington.edu; thompson.3@osu.edu; teds@nsidc.org; agardner@clarku.edu; lpaul@umn.edu; jared.ekholm@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101059 ER PT J AU Edwards, BL Israel, DJ AF Edwards, Bernard L. Israel, David J. GP IEEE TI A Geosynchronous Orbit Optical Communications Relay Architecture SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB NASA is planning to fly a Next Generation Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) next decade. While the requirements and architecture for that satellite are unknown at this time, NASA is investing in communications technologies that could be deployed on the satellite to provide new communications services. One of those new technologies is optical communications. The Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) project, scheduled for launch in December 2017 as a hosted payload on a commercial communications satellite, is a critical pathfinder towards NASA providing optical communications services on the Next Generation TDRS. While it is obvious that a small to medium sized optical communications terminal could be flown on a GEO satellite to provide support to Near Earth missions, it is also possible to deploy a large terminal on the satellite to support Deep Space missions. On board data processing and Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) are two additional technologies that could be used to optimize optical communications link services and enable additional mission and network operations. This paper provides a possible architecture for the optical communications augmentation of a Next Generation TDRS and touches on the critical technology work currently being done at NASA. It will also describe the impact of clouds on such an architecture and possible mitigation techniques. C1 [Edwards, Bernard L.; Israel, David J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Edwards, BL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 560, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Bernard.L.Edwards@nasa.gov; David.J.Israel@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039104012 ER PT J AU Edwards, CD Barela, PR Gladden, RE Lee, CH De Paula, R AF Edwards, Charles D., Jr. Barela, Philip R. Gladden, Roy E. Lee, Charles H. De Paula, Ramon GP IEEE TI Replenishing the Mars Relay Network SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID MISSION AB Over the past decade, several NASA Mars orbiters Mars Global Surveyor, 2001 Mars Odyssey, and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter - along with ESA's Mars Express orbiter, have provided telecommunications relay services to a series of Mars landers, including the Mars Exploration Rovers (Spirit and Opportunity), the Phoenix Lander, and the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity Rover. For each of these missions, relay communications has demonstrated significant benefits, including greatly increased data return from the Martian surface, reduced energy-per-bit cost of communication, and capture of high-rate critical event engineering telemetry during entry, descent, and landing. The orbiters in this relay network, however, are operating well beyond their original design lifetime. To replenish this aging infrastructure, two additional science/relay orbiters are slated for launch in this decade, both equipped with Electra UHF relay transceivers with the plan to provide relay services in addition to each mission's primary science objectives. On November 18, 2013, NASA successfully launched the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN). And in January 2016, ESA plans to launch the ExoMars/Trace Gas Orbiter mission, with redundant Electra payloads provided by NASA. Key aspects of each mission relating to its relay service characteristics will be reviewed. C1 [Edwards, Charles D., Jr.; Barela, Philip R.; Gladden, Roy E.; Lee, Charles H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [De Paula, Ramon] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Edwards, CD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM chad.edwards@jpl.nasa.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102043 ER PT J AU Faber, N Nakamura, Y Alena, R Mauro, D Frost, CR Bhat, G McNair, J AF Faber, Nicolas Nakamura, Yosuke Alena, Richard Mauro, David Frost, Chad R. Bhat, Gokul McNair, Janise GP IEEE TI Heterogeneous Spacecraft Networks: General Concept and Case Study of a Cost-effective, Multi-Institutional Earth Observation Platform SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB In recent years the Mission Design Center (MDC) at NASA Ames Research Center has been studying mission concepts involving clusters of small spacecraft capable of providing cost-effective solutions in orbit compared to space missions involving only a single larger spacecraft. Low-cost networks of small spacecraft can be a viable alternative to large budget Earth observation or space exploration missions producing significant scientific return for often moderate development efforts and short lead times. This paper is the first in a series of 3 companion papers in which we make the point that the scientific value (and hence the cost effectiveness) of small multi-spacecraft missions can be further increased if the network of spacecraft is allowed to be heterogeneous. We define Heterogeneous Spacecraft Networks (HSNs) to be networks of spacecraft having different operators or originating from different missions that are able to communicate with each other in a low-cost manner and with low impact on overall system resources. HSN incorporates both the space segment and ground segment for an end-to-end solution. In this contribution we illustrate the strength of the HSN approach by presenting a general concept for a HSN in LEO as well as a case study showcasing the value of such a network. In particular, we present a case study where we examine the feasibility of a low-cost, multi-institutional network of small spacecraft acting as a next-generation Earth Observation (EO) platform and focusing on ad-hoc data relay to maximize throughput. In the simulation we show that the downlink throughput of an HSN can be larger by an order of magnitude compared to the conventional scenario where no networking capability exists. Other benefits of using a HSN as a next-generation increment of existing capabilities include increased revisit frequencies as well as the ability to collect correlated data simultaneously from distributed locations around the globe using either conventional or fractionated spacecraft. We list key performance requirements for a HSN in order to produce a desirable scientific return and present a concept of operations (ConOps) for the practical implementation. In the ConOps we discuss the required performance of the inter-satellite and space-to-ground links and give an overview of the associated ground station network. We give an overview of the network management techniques required to operate and control the network on a day-to-day basis and address the issues of network configuration, network discovery and security, as well as fault and performance management. The paper ends with an outlook on the paradigm shift HSNs may introduce in the domain of space operations. We also list a number of promising applications making use of the strength of the concept. C1 [Faber, Nicolas; Nakamura, Yosuke; Alena, Richard; Mauro, David; Frost, Chad R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bhat, Gokul; McNair, Janise] Univ Florida, Wireless & Mobile WAM Syst Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Faber, N (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 202-3,Bldg 202, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Nicolas.T.Faber@.nasa.gov; Yosuke.Nakamura@nasa.gov; Richard.L.Alena@nasa.gov; David.Mauro@nasa.gov; gbhat@ufl.edu; mcnair@ece.ufl.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101072 ER PT J AU Forgione, JB Kojima, G Hanel, R Mallinson, M AF Forgione, Joshua B. Kojima, Gilbert Hanel, Robert Mallinson, Mark GP IEEE TI Low-Cost, Risk-Reduction Testing of Class D Spacecraft Photovoltaic Systems SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The end-to-end verification of a spacecraft photovoltaic power generation system requires light! A low-cost, portable, and end-to-end photovoltaic-system test appropriate for NASA's new generation of Class D missions is presented. High risk, low-cost, and quick-turn satellites rarely have the resources to execute the traditional approaches from higher-class (A-C) missions. The Class D approach, as demonstrated on the Lunar Atmospheric and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE), utilizes a portable, metal-halide, theatre lamp for an end-to-end photovoltaic system test. While not as precise and comprehensive as the traditional Large Area Pulsed Solar Simulator (LAPSS) test, the LADEE method leverages minimal resources into an ongoing assessment program that can be applied through numerous stages of the mission. The project takes a true Class D approach in assessing the technical value of a costly, high-fidelity performance test versus a simpler approach with less programmatic risk. The resources required are a fraction of that for a LAPSS test, and is easy to repeat due to its portability. Further, the test equipment can be handed down to future projects without building an on-site facility. At the vanguard of Class D missions, the LADEE team frequently wrestled with and challenged the status quo. The philosophy of risk avoidance at all cost, typical to Class A-C missions, simply could not be executed. This innovative and simple testing solution is contextualized to NASA Class D programs and a specific risk encountered during development of the LADEE Electrical Power System (EPS). Selection of the appropriate lamp and safety concerns are discussed, with examples of test results. Combined with the vendor's panel-level data and periodic inspection, the method ensures system integrity from Integration and Test (I&T) through launch. Following launch, mission operations tools are utilized to assess system performance based on a scant amount of available data. C1 [Forgione, Joshua B.; Kojima, Gilbert; Hanel, Robert; Mallinson, Mark] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Naval Air Stn, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. RP Forgione, JB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Naval Air Stn, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. EM Joshua.B.Forgione@nasa.gov; Gilbert.K.Kojima@nasa.gov; Robert.P.Hanel@nasa.gov; Mark.V.Mallinson@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103053 ER PT J AU Gaskin, J Wilson-Hodge, C Ramsey, B Apple, J Dietz, K Tennant, A Swartz, D Christe, S Shih, A AF Gaskin, Jessica Wilson-Hodge, Colleen Ramsey, Brian Apple, Jeff Dietz, Kurt Tennant, Allyn Swartz, Douglas Christe, Steven Shih, Albert GP IEEE TI High Energy Replicated Optics to Explore the Sun Balloon-Borne Telescope: Astrophysical Pointing SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB On September 21st, 2013, the High Energy Replicated Optics to Explore the Sun, or HEROES, balloon-borne x-ray telescope launched from the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility's site in Ft. Sumner, NM. The flight lasted for similar to 27 hours and the observational targets included the Sun and astrophysical sources GRS 1915+105 and the Crab Nebula. Over the past year, the HEROES team upgraded the existing High Energy Replicated Optics (HERO) balloon-borne telescope to make unique scientific measurements of the Sun and astrophysical targets during the same flight. The HEROES Project is a multi-NASA Center effort with team members at both Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), and is led by Co-PIs (one at each Center). The HEROES payload consists of the hard X-ray telescope HERO, developed at MSFC, combined with several new systems. To allow the HEROES telescope to make observations of the Sun, a new solar aspect system was added to supplement the existing star camera for fine pointing during both the day and night. A mechanical shutter was added to the star camera to protect it during solar observations and two alignment monitoring systems were added for improved pointing and post-flight data reconstruction. This mission was funded by the NASA HOPE (Hands-On Project Experience) Training Opportunity awarded by the NASA Academy of Program/Project and Engineering Leadership, in partnership with NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Office of the Chief Engineer and Office of the Chief Technologist. C1 [Gaskin, Jessica; Wilson-Hodge, Colleen; Ramsey, Brian; Apple, Jeff; Dietz, Kurt; Tennant, Allyn; Swartz, Douglas] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA. [Christe, Steven; Shih, Albert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gaskin, Jessica] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astron Grp, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA. RP Gaskin, J (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA. EM Jessica.Gaskin@nasa.gov; Steven.D.Christe@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101056 ER PT J AU Getty, SA Brinckerhoff, WB Li, X Elsila, J Cornish, T Ecelberger, S Wu, QH Zare, R AF Getty, Stephanie A. Brinckerhoff, William B. Li, Xiang Elsila, Jamie Cornish, Timothy Ecelberger, Scott Wu, Qinghao Zare, Richard GP IEEE TI A Compact Tandem Two-Step Laser Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer for In Situ Analysis of Non-Volatile Organics on Planetary Surfaces SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE DE Laser desorption; mass spectrometry; time-of-flight; L2MS; in situ ID TITANS UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; MOLECULES AB Two-step laser desorption mass spectrometry is a well suited technique to the analysis of high priority classes of organics, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, present in complex samples. The use of decoupled desorption and ionization laser pulses allows for sensitive and selective detection of structurally intact organic species. We have recently demonstrated the implementation of this advancement in laser mass spectrometry in a compact, flight-compatible instrument that could feasibly be the centerpiece of an analytical science payload as part of a future spaceflight mission to a small body or icy moon. C1 [Getty, Stephanie A.; Brinckerhoff, William B.; Elsila, Jamie] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Li, Xiang] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Cornish, Timothy; Ecelberger, Scott] C&E Res Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. [Wu, Qinghao; Zare, Richard] Leland Stanford Jr Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Getty, SA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Stephanie.A.Getty@nasa.gov RI Getty, Stephanie/D-7037-2012; Li, Xiang/F-4539-2012; Elsila, Jamie/C-9952-2012 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102023 ER PT J AU Gomez, CA Wasiak, F Alfonzo, AJ Thibaudeau, B Hughes, JA Cifuentes, J AF Gomez, Carlos A. Wasiak, Francis Alfonzo, Agustin J. Thibaudeau, Brian Hughes, John A. Cifuentes, Juan GP IEEE TI Changing the Paradigm GSFC's Role in the MAVEN Mission to Mars Lessons Learned from the MAVEN MOS/GDS effort You're not doing Earth Science Anymore, Dorothy! SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN Mission (MAVEN), successfully launched 18 November 2013, will explore the planet's upper atmosphere, ionosphere and interactions with the sun and solar wind. One of MAVEN's unique circumstances is the fact that it is a Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) flight project. Despite being an international leader in Earth and Space Science Missions, and providing instruments for planetary missions, GSFC has not had the project office in the development of planetary missions. Until the selection of MAVEN as NASA's second Mars Scout, the GSFC Flight Projects Directorate had not had full management responsibility for the development of an entire Mars mission. This paper will focus on the dovetailing of the Spacecraft (SIC) Team's and GSFC's approach to Requirements Management, Verification & Validation, (V&V) and the Ground and Operations test programs. As the MAVEN development progressed, the GSFC-based MAVEN project Mission Operations and Ground Data System (MOS/GDS) team quickly realized that a different paradigm was needed. GSFC's approach used on Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) Earth Science missions, GSFC's predominant background and experience, did not lend itself to the MAVEN mission. Instead, the SIC team brought the planetary mission approach to the project as the subject matter experts for Mars missions. From their previous experience on Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), and the Jovian Juno mission, heritage runs deep on MAVEN. Heritage provides a simplified and cost-effective approach, but not without its pitfalls. Early feedback from the review cycle highlighted the need to collaborate on the implementation. Synergy was needed between GSFC standards, GOLD Rules, NASA standards and expectations, and the established planetary mission heritage, experience and processes. The MAVEN project needed to find a new model. Through collaboration, the MOSIGDS Team and the Spacecraft (SIC) Team adapted resources to work within the heritage framework while addressing the new expectations. The project level V&V plan was reworked, the test program modified, and the processes updated to meet the project needs. C1 [Gomez, Carlos A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 21044 USA. [Wasiak, Francis; Alfonzo, Agustin J.; Thibaudeau, Brian; Hughes, John A.; Cifuentes, Juan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Gen Dynam C4S, Greenbelt, MD 21044 USA. RP Gomez, CA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 21044 USA. EM carlos.a.gomez-rosa@nasa.gov; francis.c.wasiak@nasa.gov; agustin.j.alfonzo@nasa.gov; brian.thibaudeau@nasa.gov; John.A.Hughes@nasa.gov; juan.cifuentes@gdc4s.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039104009 ER PT J AU Gonzales, AA Stoker, CR Lemke, LG Bowles, JV Huynh, LC Faber, NT Race, MS AF Gonzales, Andrew A. Stoker, Carol R. Lemke, Lawrence G. Bowles, Jeffrey V. Huynh, Loc C. Faber, Nicholas T. Race, Margaret S. GP IEEE TI Mars Sample Return Using Commercial Capabilities: Mission Architecture Overview SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Mars Sample Return (MSR) is the highest priority science mission for the next decade as recommended by the recent Decadal Survey of Planetary Science. This paper presents an overview of a feasibility study for a MSR mission. The objective of the study was to determine whether emerging commercial capabilities can be used to reduce the number of mission systems and launches required to return the samples, with the goal of reducing mission cost. The major element required for the MSR mission are described and include an integration of the emerging commercial capabilities with small spacecraft design techniques; new utilizations of traditional aerospace technologies; and recent technological developments. We report the feasibility of a complete and closed MSR mission design using the following scenario that can start in any one of three Earth to Mars launch opportunities, beginning in 2022: A Falcon Heavy injects a SpaceX Red Dragon capsule and trunk onto a Trans Mars Injection (TMI) trajectory. The capsule is modified to carry all the hardware needed to return samples collected on Mars including a Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV); an Earth Return Vehicle (ERV); and hardware to transfer a sample collected in a previously landed rover mission, such as the Mars 2020 rover, to the ERV. The Red Dragon descends to land on the surface of Mars using Supersonic Retro Propulsion (SRP). After previously collected samples are transferred to the ERV, the single-stage MAV launches the ERV from the surface of Mars to a Mars phasing orbit. The MAV uses a storable liquid, pump-fed bi-propellant propulsion system. After a brief phasing period, the ERV, which also uses a storable bi-propellant system, performs a Trans Earth Injection (TEl) burn. Once near Earth the ERV performs Earth and lunar swing-bys and is placed into a Lunar Trailing Orbit (LTO)-an Earth orbit, at lunar distance. A later mission, using a Dragon and launched by a Falcon Heavy, performs a rendezvous with the ERV in the lunar trailing orbit, retrieves the sample container and breaks the chain of contact with Mars by transferring the sample into a sterile and secure container. With the sample contained, the retrieving spacecraft, makes a controlled Earth re-entry preventing any unintended release of pristine Martian materials into the Earth's biosphere. Other capsule type vehicles and associated launchers may be applicable. An MSR launch in 2022 becomes the preferred option if the Mars 2020 rover is the previous sample caching vehicle. The analysis methods employed standard and specialized aerospace engineering tools. Mission system elements were analyzed with either direct techniques or by using parametric mass estimating relationships (MERs). The architecture was iterated until overall mission convergence was achieved on at least one path. Subsystems analyzed in this study include support structures, power system, nose fairing, thermal insulation, actuation devices, MAV exhaust venting, and GN&C. Best practice application of loads, mass growth contingencies, and resource margins were used. For Falcon Heavy capabilities and Dragon subsystems we utilized publically available data from SpaceX; published analyses from other sources; as well as our own engineering and aerodynamic estimates. Earth Launch mass is under 11 mt, which is within the estimated capability of a Falcon Heavy, with margin. Total entry masses between 7 and 10 mt were considered with closure occurring between 9 and 10 mt. Propellant mass fractions for each major phase of the EDL - Entry, Terminal Descent, and Hazard Avoidance were derived. An assessment of the entry condition effects on the thermal protection system (TPS), currently in use for Dragon missions, showed no significant stressors. A useful mass of 2.0 mt is provided and includes mass growth allowances for the MAV, the ERV, and mission unique equipment. We also report on alternate propellant options for the MAV and options for the ERV, including propulsion systems; crewed versus robotic retrieval mission; as well as direct Earth entry. International Planetary Protection (PP) policies as well as verifiable means of compliance with both forward and back contamination controls, will have a large impact on any MSR mission design. We identify areas within our architecture where such impacts occur. This work shows that emerging commercial capabilities can be effectively integrated into a mission to achieve an important planetary science objective. C1 [Gonzales, Andrew A.; Stoker, Carol R.; Lemke, Lawrence G.; Bowles, Jeffrey V.; Huynh, Loc C.; Faber, Nicholas T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Huynh, Loc C.] Sci & Technol Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Faber, Nicholas T.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Race, Margaret S.] SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Gonzales, AA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bldg N-213,Rm 101E,MS-213-13, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM andrew.gonzales@nasa.gov; carol.r.stoker@nasa.gov; lawrence.lemke@nasa.gov; jeffrey.v.bowles@nasa.gov; loc.c.huynh@nasa.gov; nicolas.t.faber@nasa.gov; mracemom@aol.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103015 ER PT J AU Greenbaum, A Brady, T Dennehy, CJ AF Greenbaum, Adam Brady, Tye Dennehy, Cornelius J. GP IEEE TI Finding the Gaps in Space GNC Hardware SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB An industry wide survey of GNC sensors, namely star trackers, gyros, and sun sensors was undertaken. Size, mass, power, and various performance metrics were recorded for each category. A multidimensional analysis was performed, looking at the spectrum of available sensors, with the intent of identifying gaps in the available capability range. Mission types that are not currently well served by the available components are discussed, as well as some missions that would be enabled by filling gaps in the component space. C1 [Greenbaum, Adam; Brady, Tye] Charles Stark Draper Lab Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Dennehy, Cornelius J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Engn & Safety Ctr NESC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Greenbaum, A (reprint author), Charles Stark Draper Lab Inc, 555 Technol Sq, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM agreenbaum@draper.com; tye@draper.com; cornelius.j.dennehy@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102005 ER PT J AU Grip, HF Ono, M Balaram, J Cameron, J Jain, A Kuo, C Myint, S Quadrelli, M AF Grip, Havard Fjaer Ono, Masahiro Balaram, J. Cameron, Jonathan Jain, Abhinandan Kuo, Calvin Myint, Steven Quadrelli, Marco GP IEEE TI Modeling and Simulation of Asteroid Retrieval Using a Flexible Capture Mechanism SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is currently considering an Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM), the goal of which is to bring a near-Earth asteroid into lunar orbit for inspection by a team of human astronauts. In this paper we present the results of a simulation study that focuses on the challenge of capturing a target asteroid using a robotic spacecraft. This simulation study was conducted in parallel with an ongoing mechanical design process, with the goal of providing feedback on specific design concepts, deriving high-level design targets via optimization, and exploring the trade space of the capture problem independently. We present and discuss several simulation models, the results of which have influenced the evolution of the ARM project to date. C1 [Grip, Havard Fjaer; Ono, Masahiro; Balaram, J.; Cameron, Jonathan; Jain, Abhinandan; Kuo, Calvin; Myint, Steven; Quadrelli, Marco] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Grip, HF (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102094 ER PT J AU Haque, SE Tintore, O Uribe, E Agasid, EF Teel, G Trinh, GT Perez, AD Keidar, M AF Haque, Samudra E. Tintore, Oriol Uribe, Eddie Agasid, Elwood F. Teel, George Trinh, Greenfield Tran Perez, Andres Dono Keidar, Michael GP IEEE TI Applications of Micro-Cathode Arc Thruster as In-space Propulsion Subsystem for Phone Sat SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The George Washington University (GWU) has developed a scalable, efficient and relatively safe electric propulsion device, for small spacecraft applications, called the Micro-Cathode Arc Thruster (mu CAT). The first on-orbit demonstration of this thruster subsystem capability is planned in the second half of 2014, as the primary experiment onboard a US Naval Academy BRICSat-P mission, utilizing a 1.5U CubeSat, for validating the performance and design. From December 2012 to September 2013, NASA Ames Research center (ARC) and GWU worked together to increase the Technolo* Readiness Level (TRL) of the technology by integrating a complete 3-channel mu CAT subsystem with the ARC PhoneSat bus. The main objectives of the collaboration were (1) to build a test bench in which a phone, running the PhoneSat firmware and a custom designed Android App could fire several thrusters in a vacuum chamber at the same time and (2) to design a CAD model of a <3U model that could incorporate the PhoneSat bus, the thruster avionics and the thrusters themselves. At the conclusion of experimental trials, development of embedded applications, and fabrication of compact versions of legacy (2007-2012) laboratory designs, including testing in a controlled environment, the mu CAT system achieved TRL 5 equivalent status. This paper presents how the interfaces of these two systems were developed as well as the results obtained during the testing phase. The mu CAT technology has several desirable properties for applications in Space, such as high specific impulse, low energy consumption, and low input voltage range. In particular, it has a compact and simple concentric design with no moving parts for extremely high reliability that yields extended operational lifetime. In this paper, analytical studies are presented to demonstrate its effectiveness for various CubeSat class spacecraft maneuvers. Analyzing the effects of low-thrust is challenging, as small variations of orbital properties should be accurately computed over a long-time period. We present brief, simplified orbital analysis based on the secular change of orbital elements derived from orbital perturbation theory. It is shown that micro-cathode thruster can be effectively used for several phases of a CubeSat mission, including orbital regularization, and inclination changes. C1 [Haque, Samudra E.; Teel, George; Keidar, Michael] George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Tintore, Oriol; Uribe, Eddie] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Agasid, Elwood F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mission Design Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Trinh, Greenfield Tran; Perez, Andres Dono] Univ Space Res Assoc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Haque, SE (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 801 22nd St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM samudra@gwu.edu; oriol.tintoregazulla@nasa.gov; eddie.a.uribe@nasa.gov; elwood.f.agasid@nasa.gov; gteel@gwu.edu; greenfield.t.trinh@nasa.gov; andres.donoprez@nasa.gov; keidar@gwu.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102027 ER PT J AU Hernandez, G Zawodny, JM Cisewski, MS Thornton, B Panetta, A Roell, MM Vernier, JP AF Hernandez, Gloria Zawodny, Joseph M. Cisewski, Michael S. Thornton, Brooke Panetta, Andrew Roell, Marilee M. Vernier, Jean Paul GP IEEE TI On the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III on the International Space Station SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID SAGE; VALIDATION; SATELLITE AB The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III on International Space Station (SAGE3/ISS) is anticipated to be delivered to Cape Canaveral in the spring of 2015. This is the fourth generation, fifth instrument, of visible/near-IR solar occultation instruments operated by the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) to investigate the Earth's upper atmosphere. The instrument is a moderate resolution spectrometer covering wavelengths from 290 nm to 1550 nm. The nominal science products include vertical profiles of trace gases, such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide and water vapor, along with multi-wavelength aerosol extinction. The SAGE3/ISS validation program will be based upon internal consistency of the measurements, detailed analysis of the retrieval algorithm, and comparisons with independent correlative measurements. The Instrument Payload (IP), mission architecture, and major challenges are also discussed. C1 [Hernandez, Gloria; Zawodny, Joseph M.; Cisewski, Michael S.; Thornton, Brooke; Panetta, Andrew; Roell, Marilee M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Vernier, Jean Paul] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Atmospher & Climate Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Hernandez, G (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM gloria.hernandez@nasa.gov; j.m.zawodny@nasa.gov; m.s.cisewski@nasa.gov; brooke.thornton@nasa.gov; andrew.d.panetta@nasa.gov; marilee.m.roell@nasa.gov; jeanpaul.vernier@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102069 ER PT J AU Hoffman, JP Ghaemi, H Horst, S Shaffer, S Veilleux, L AF Hoffman, James P. Ghaemi, Hirad Horst, Stephen Shaffer, Scott Veilleux, Louise GP IEEE TI Digital Calibration System Enabling Real-time On-orbit Beamforming SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Real-time On-orbit digital beamforming, combined with lightweight, large aperture reflectors, enable SweepSAR architectures, which promise significant increases in instrument capability for solid earth and biomass remote sensing. These new instrument concepts require new methods for calibrating the multiple channels, which are combined on-board, in real-time. The benefit of this effort is that it enables a new class of lightweight radar architecture, Digital Beamforming with SweepSAR, providing significantly larger swath coverage than conventional SAR architectures for reduced mass and cost. In this paper we will present the current development of the digital calibration architecture for digital beamforming radar instruments, such as the proposed D-SAR instrument. This proposed instrument's baseline design employs SweepSAR digital beamforming, requiring digital calibration. We will review the overall concepts and status of the system architecture, algorithm development, and the digital calibration testbed currently being developed. We will present results from a preliminary hardware demonstration. We will also discuss the challenges and opportunities specific to this novel architecture. C1 [Hoffman, James P.; Ghaemi, Hirad; Horst, Stephen; Shaffer, Scott; Veilleux, Louise] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hoffman, JP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM James.P.Hoffman@jpl.nasa.gov; Hirad.Ghaemi@jpl.nasa.gov; Stephen.J.Horst@jpl.nasa.gov; Scott.J.Shaffer@jpl.nasa.gov; Louise.A.Veilleux@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039100056 ER PT J AU Holladay, J Crumbly, C Hampton, B Monk, T AF Holladay, Jon Crumbly, Chris Hampton, Bryan Monk, Timothy GP IEEE TI A Comparison of Future Space Launch System (SLS) Exploration Technologies: In-Space Stages SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Space Launch System (SLS) is envisioned as a heavy-lift vehicle that will provide the foundation for future beyond-low-Earth orbit (LEO) exploration missions. Previous studies have been performed to determine the optimal configuration for the SLS and the applicability of commercial off-the-shelf in-space stages for Earth departure. Currently, NASA is analyzing the concept of an Exploration Upper Stage (EUS) that will provide LEO insertion and Earth departure burns. This paper will explore candidate in-space stages based on the EUS design for a wide range of beyond LEO missions. Mission payloads will range from small robotic systems up to human systems with deep space habitats and landers. Mission destinations will include cislunar space, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Given these wide-ranging mission objectives, a vehicle-sizing tool has been developed to determine the size of an Earth departure stage based on the mission objectives. The tool calculates masses for all the major subsystems of the vehicle including propellant loads, avionics, power, engines, main propulsion system components, tanks, pressurization system and gases, primary structural elements, and secondary structural elements. The tool uses an iterative sizing algorithm to determine the resulting mass of the stage. Any input into one of the subsystem sizing routines or the mission parameters can be treated as a parametric sweep or as a distribution for use in Monte Carlo analysis. Taking these factors together allows for multi-variable, coupled analysis runs. To increase confidence in the tool, the results have been verified against two point-of-departure designs of the EUS. The tool has also been verified against Apollo Moon mission elements and other human-rated space systems. This paper will focus on trading key propulsion technologies including chemical, Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NIP), and Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP). All of the key performance inputs and relationships will be presented and discussed in light of the various missions. For each mission there are several trajectory options and each will be discussed in terms of delta-velocity (DV) required and transit duration. Each propulsion system will be modeled, sized, and judged based on its applicability to the whole range of beyond-LEO missions. Criteria for scoring will include the resulting dry mass of the stage, resulting propellant required, time to destination, and an assessment of key enabling technologies. In addition to the larger metrics, this paper will present the results of several coupled sensitivity studies. The ultimate goals of these tools and studies are to provide NASA with the most mass-, technology-, and cost-effective in-space stage for its future exploration missions. C1 [Holladay, Jon; Crumbly, Chris; Hampton, Bryan; Monk, Timothy] NASA, Space Launch Syst Program, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, AL 35812 USA. RP Holladay, J (reprint author), NASA, Space Launch Syst Program, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, AL 35812 USA. EM jon.holladay@nasa.gov; chris.crumbly@nasa.gov; bryan.y.hampton@nasa.gov; timothy.s.monk@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101073 ER PT J AU Jedrich, N Howard, R AF Jedrich, Nicholas Howard, Regan GP IEEE TI Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission Instrument Integration and Test Challenges SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper focuses on the many challenges involved in the integration and test of the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission instrument packages both standalone and with the spacecraft. MAVEN is on schedule for a November 2013 launch from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. The instrument packages manifested for MAVEN will provide the data required to determine the impact on climate due to atmospheric loss to space. MAVEN will accomplish this by measuring the structure, composition, and variability of all regions from which escape occurs, and will sample all local solar times and most latitudes. The requirements imposed on the mission dictate the need for a rigorous ground test program and well defined spacecraft interfaces, while the fixed launch date requires innovative and timely solutions to reduce both technical and schedule risk during the test program. The test limitations and constraints will be covered, with unique tests and methods discussed in detail. Among these are high voltage operations, magnetic and optics testing. The mechanical and electrical interfaces to the spacecraft, along with the instrument interactions that drove those interface requirements will be included. All the MAVEN instruments have been successfully integrated to the spacecraft; and lessons learned that have resulted in a test program that not only lowers risk, but allowed the majority of the instruments to adhere to their original delivery schedules will be presented. C1 [Jedrich, Nicholas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Howard, Regan] Orbital Sci Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Jedrich, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM Nicholas.M.Jedrich@nasa.gov; howard.regan@orbital.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039100045 ER PT J AU Jones, DL AF Jones, Dayton L. GP IEEE TI Technologies for Low Radio Frequency Observations of the Cosmic Dawn SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID ARRAY AB The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is developing concepts and technologies for low frequency radio astronomy space missions aimed at observing highly redshifted neutral Hydrogen from the Dark Ages. This is the period of cosmic history between the recombination epoch when the microwave background radiation was produced and the re-ionization of the intergalactic medium by the first generation of stars (Cosmic Dawn). This period, at redshifts z > similar to 20, is a critical epoch for the formation and evolution of large-scale structure in the universe. The 21-cm spectral line of Hydrogen provides the most promising method for directly studying the Dark Ages, but the corresponding frequencies at such large redshifts are only tens of MHz and thus require space-based observations to avoid terrestrial RFI and ionospheric absorption and refraction. This paper reports on the status of several low frequency technology development activities at JPL, including deployable bi-conical dipoles for a planned lunar-orbiting mission, and both rover-deployed and inflation-deployed long dipole antennas for use on the lunar surface. In addition, recent results from laboratory testing of low frequency receiver designs are presented. Finally, several concepts for space-based imaging interferometers utilizing deployable low frequency antennas are described. Some of these concepts involve large numbers of antennas and consequently a large digital cross-correlator will be needed. JPL has studied correlator architectures that greatly reduce the DC power required for this step, which can dominate the power consumption of real-time signal processing. Strengths and weaknesses of each mission concept are discussed in the context of the additional technology development required. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Jones, DL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM dayton.jones@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039100014 ER PT J AU Kacpura, TJ Downey, JA Anderson, JR Baldwin, K AF Kacpura, Thomas J. Downey, Joseph A. Anderson, Jeffery R. Baldwin, Keith GP IEEE TI Evolution of a Reconfigurable Processing Platform for a Next Generation Space Software Defined Radio SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) /Harris Ka-Band Software Defined Radio (SDR) is the first, fully reprogram mabie space-qualified SDR operating in the Ka-Band frequency range. Providing exceptionally higher data communication rates than previously possible, this SDR offers in-orbit reconfiguration, multi-waveform operation, and fast deployment due to its highly modular hardware and software architecture. Currently in operation on the International Space Station (ISS), this new paradigm of reconfigurable technology is enabling experimenters to investigate navigation and networking in the space environment. The modular SDR and the NASA developed Space Telecommunications Radio System (STRS) architecture standard are the basis for Harris' reusable, digital signal processing space platform trademarked as AppSTAR (TM). As a result, two new space radio products are a synthetic aperture radar payload and an Automatic Detection Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) receiver. In addition, Harris is currently developing many new products similar to the Ka-Band software defined radio for other applications. For NASA's next generation flight Ka-Band radio development, leveraging these advancements could lead to a more robust and more capable software defined radio. The space environment has special considerations different from terrestrial applications that must be considered for any system operated in space. Each space mission has unique requirements that can make these systems unique. These unique requirements can make products that are expensive and limited in reuse. Space systems put a premium on size, weight and power. A key trade is the amount of reconfigurability in a space system. The more reconfigurable the hardware platform, the easier it is to adapt to the platform to the next mission, and this reduces the amount of non-recurring engineering costs. However, the more reconfigurable platforms often use more spacecraft resources. Software has similar considerations to hardware. Having an architecture standard promotes reuse of software and firmware. Space platforms have limited processor capability, which makes the trade on the amount of amount of flexibility paramount. C1 [Kacpura, Thomas J.; Downey, Joseph A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Anderson, Jeffery R.; Baldwin, Keith] Harris Corp Govt Commun Syst, Palm Bay, FL 32905 USA. RP Kacpura, TJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 54-1,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM thomas.j.kacpura@nasa.gov; joseph.a.downey@nasa.gov; jander08@harris.com; kbaldw01@harris.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101077 ER PT J AU Kaslow, D Soremekun, G Kim, H Spangelo, S AF Kaslow, David Soremekun, Grant Kim, Hongman Spangelo, Sara GP IEEE TI Integrated Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) Applied to the Simulation of a CubeSat Mission SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Small satellite missions are becoming increasingly complex as scientists and engineers propose to utilize them to accomplish more ambitious science and technology goals. Small satellites such as CubeSats are challenging to design because they have limited resources, coupled subsystems, and must operate in dynamic environments. Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is a key practice to advance systems engineering that can benefit CubeSat missions. MBSE creates a system model that helps integrate other discipline specific engineering models and simulations. The system level model is initiated at the start of a project and evolves throughout development. It provides a cohesive and consistent source of system requirements, design, analysis, and verification. This paper describes an integrated, executable MBSE representation of the Radio Aurora Explorer (RAX) CubeSat mission. The purpose of the RAX mission is to study the formation of magnetic field-aligned electron density irregularities in the Earth's ionosphere, which are known to disrupt tracking and communication between Earth and orbiting spacecraft. The RAX CubeSat model describes the configuration and properties for various systems and subsystems, and is capable of executing behavior and parametric models for analyzing subsystem functions and states of the spacecraft. It is comprised of a SysML model created with MagicDraw (R), a set of analytical models developed in MATLAB (R), and a high fidelity space system simulation model created in STK (R). ModelCenter was used to integrate the analytical and simulation models. The integrated analyses were linked to the SysML model using MBSE Analyzer, a bridge between SysML tools and ModelCenter. Behavioral models were executed for a representative RAX mission to study energy state and data collection capabilities. This work was undertaken to demonstrate the power, scalability, and utility of MBSE tools and methods that are available to help meet the challenge of designing spacecraft missions of ever-increasing complexity. The RAX CubeSat model will be made available to the academic community for further study and potential extension for more complex missions. C1 [Kaslow, David] Analyt Graph, Exton, PA 19341 USA. [Soremekun, Grant; Kim, Hongman] Phoenix Integrat, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Spangelo, Sara] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kaslow, D (reprint author), Analyt Graph, 220 Valley Creek Blvd, Exton, PA 19341 USA. EM david.kaslow@gmail.com; grant@phoenix-int.com; hkim@phoenix-int.com; sara.spangelo@ipl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102006 ER PT J AU Kerczewski, RJ Kamali, B Apaza, RD Wilson, JD Dimond, RP AF Kerczewski, Robert J. Kamali, Behnam Apaza, Rafael D. Wilson, Jeffrey D. Dimond, Robert P. GP IEEE TI Considerations for Improving the Capacity and Performance of AeroMACS SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS) has progressed from concept through prototype development, testing, and standards development and is now poised for the first operational deployments at nine US airports by the Federal Aviation Administration. These initial deployments will support fixed applications. Mobile applications providing connectivity to and from aircraft and ground-based vehicles on the airport surface will occur at some point in the future. Given that many fixed applications are possible for AeroMACS, it is necessary to now consider whether the existing capacity of AeroMACS will be reached even before the mobile applications are ready to be added, since AeroMACS is constrained by both available bandwidth and transmit power limitations. This paper describes some concepts that may be applied to improve the future capacity of AeroMACS, with a particular emphasis on gains that can be derived from the addition of IEEE 802.16j multihop relays to the AeroMACS standard, where a significant analysis effort has been undertaken. C1 [Kerczewski, Robert J.; Apaza, Rafael D.; Wilson, Jeffrey D.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Kamali, Behnam] Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, Macon, GA 31207 USA. [Dimond, Robert P.] Verizon Business, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Kerczewski, RJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpark Rd,MS 54-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM rkerczewski@nasa.gov; KAMALI_B@mercer.edu; rafael.d.apaza@nasa.gov; jeffrey.d.wilson@nasa.gov; robert.p.dimond@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103006 ER PT J AU Kerschmann, R Levine, J Studor, G Keith, L Winterhalter, D AF Kerschmann, Russell Levine, Joel Studor, George Keith, Lloyd Winterhalter, Daniel GP IEEE TI Implementing Natural Systems-Inspired Design in Systems Engineering for Mars Surface Operations SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID MONARCH BUTTERFLIES; EXPLORATION SYSTEMS; FLIGHT; NASA AB Natural systems-inspired design (NID) is the transfer of design solutions from biology and other natural sciences to the creation of human-engineered products. Despite the promise of improvements in cost, performance, and reliability, there has been little application of NID to spacecraft engineering. The NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) Robotic Spacecraft Technical Discipline Team is investigating NID solutions for the systems engineering and technology development processes. NID falls into two broad categories: 1) structural-and 2) process-inspired solutions. For structural NID, fiber composites resembling wood and bone micro-architecture have had a major impact on aerospace materials development. However for such products there is no formal, organized standard under which to comprehensively survey the published knowledge base in life sciences and other disciplines for NID solutions, extract those concepts, and insert them methodically into the design cycle of engineered products. Some progress has been made employing genetic algorithms, which are process-oriented biological NID solutions employing simulations of mutation, reproduction, and natural selection to produce engineered products. This approach has produced one of the few solid examples of spaceflight-proven NID hardware, the Ames Evolved Antenna, flown on board the ST-5 and LADEE missions. The lack of a systematic process for incorporating NID solutions into the systems engineering cycle is standing in the way of broadly applying this new approach for achieving innovative improvements for spacecraft, for example for Mars surface operations. The NASA Mars program presents a compelling frontier for NID solutions, particularly for aerial and surface systems where low mass and power consumption, high reliability and survivability, and flexibility of function in a hostile environment are critical. NID concepts for robotic Mars exploration platforms carrying in-situ instruments for the exploration of the atmosphere and the surface and sub-surface of Mars described herein represent only the beginning of what can be possible with NID. Success in NID design for space engineering will require moving beyond simply copying nature to produce a paradigm-shifting change of focus, which will require including NID in the system engineering process and the technology strategies that support it. We recommend three major thrusts to enable this to happen: (1) Ready access by engineering teams to the those knowledgeable about natural systems and technology development, (2) Intelligent search tools to tap natural sciences databases, and (3) Incremental organizational change that encourages the consideration of natural systems from operations concept through the entire mission life-cycle. C1 [Kerschmann, Russell] Crescendo Biosci, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Levine, Joel] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Studor, George] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Brooklyn Centre, MN 55429 USA. [Keith, Lloyd; Winterhalter, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kerschmann, R (reprint author), Crescendo Biosci, 341 Oyster Point Blvd, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. EM rkerschmann@crescendobio.com; jslevine@wm.edu; gmstudor@gmail.com; r.l.keith@jpl.nasa.gov; daniel.winterhalter@jpl.nasa.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103031 ER PT J AU Klein, E Nilsen, E Nicholas, A Whetsel, C Parrish, J Mattingly, R May, L AF Klein, Eric Nilsen, Erik Nicholas, Austin Whetsel, Charles Parrish, Joseph Mattingly, Richard May, Lisa GP IEEE TI The Mobile MAV Concept for Mars Sample Return SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Mars Sample Return (MSR) is the highest priority planetary science objective as identified in the Planetary Science Decadal Survey. To return a sample to Earth would require the accomplishment of several critical steps in the collection and transfer of the sample from the surface of Mars to the surface of the Earth. While there are many architectures and approaches to returning a sample of Martian surface material to the Earth, the current architecture includes the following series of missions: (1) a sample caching mission which would scientifically select, acquire and cache the sampled material on the surface of Mars, (2) a sample retrieval mission which would collect the sample from the surface and place it into Mars orbit, and (3) a Sample return orbiter which would rendezvous with the sample and return it to Earth. A fourth element of the architecture, the Mars Returned Sample Handling facility (MRSH) would be developed to receive the returned sample and provide for the sample analysis and curation. The Mobile MAV concept is an approach to the sample retrieval and launch element of the architecture. The design concept that was extant during the Decadal Survey studies featured a stationary platform lander, which would land a small fetch rover to retrieve the sample cache (collected by the previous mission), and the Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV), which would inject the sample cache into Mars orbit. MSL's success in demonstrating a new Entry, Descent, and Landing architecture, which placed the rover directly on the surface in a mobility touchdown configuration, motivates a closer assessment of a MSL class rover which is capable of supporting the MAV and retrieving the cached samples. This architecture eliminates the need for a return trip to a stationary lander, which would be required of a fetch rover in the Decadal Survey mission architecture, significantly reducing the required surface mission duration and traverse requirements. C1 [Klein, Eric; Nilsen, Erik; Nicholas, Austin; Whetsel, Charles; Parrish, Joseph; Mattingly, Richard] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91011 USA. [May, Lisa] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Klein, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 321-630,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91011 USA. EM Eric.Klein@jpl.nasa.gov; Erik.N.Nilsen@jpl.nasa.gov; Austin.K.Nicholas@jpl.nasa.gov; Charles.Whetsel@jpl.nasa.gov; Joseph.C.Parrish@jpl.nasa.gov; Richard.L.Mattingly@jpl.nasa.gov; Lisa.May@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103040 ER PT J AU Kremic, T Vento, D Lalli, N Palinski, T AF Kremic, Tibor Vento, Dan Lalli, Nick Palinski, Timothy GP IEEE TI Extreme Environment Simulation - Current and New Capabilities to Simulate Venus and other Planetary Bodies SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Science, technology, and planetary mission communities have a growing interest in components and systems that are capable of working in extreme (high) temperature and pressure conditions. Terrestrial applications range from scientific research, aerospace, defense, automotive systems, energy storage and power distribution, deep mining and others. As the target environments get increasingly extreme, capabilities to develop and test the sensors and systems designed to operate in such environments will be required. An application of particular importance to the planetary science community is the ability for a robotic lander to survive on the Venus surface where pressures are nearly 100 times that of Earth and temperatures approach 500C. The scientific importance and relevance of Venus missions are stated in the current Planetary Decadal Survey. Further, several missions to Venus were proposed in the most recent Discovery call. Despite this interest, the ability to accurately simulate Venus conditions at a scale that can test and validate instruments and spacecraft systems and accurately simulate the Venus atmosphere has been lacking. This paper discusses and compares the capabilities that are known to exist within and outside the United States to simulate the extreme environmental conditions found in terrestrial or planetary surfaces including the Venus atmosphere and surface. The paper then focuses on discussing the recent additional capability found in the NASA Glenn Extreme Environment Rig (GEER). The GEER, located at the NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio, is designed to simulate not only the temperature and pressure extremes described, but can also accurately reproduce the atmospheric compositions of bodies in the solar system including those with acidic and hazardous elements. GEER capabilities and characteristics are described along with operational considerations relevant to potential users. The paper presents initial operating results and concludes with a sampling of investigations or tests that have been requested or expected. C1 [Kremic, Tibor; Vento, Dan] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Lalli, Nick; Palinski, Timothy] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Kremic, T (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,M-S 142-5, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Tibor.Kremic@nasa.gov; Daniel.M.Vento@nasa.gov; Nick.M.Lalli@nasa.gov; Timothy.J.Palinski@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102039 ER PT J AU Lemke, LG Gonzales, AA Huynh, LC AF Lemke, Lawrence G. Gonzales, Andrew A. Huynh, Loc C. GP IEEE TI Mars Sample Return Using Commercial Capabilities: Propulsive Entry, Descent, and Landing SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper describes a critical portion of the work that has been done at NASA, Ames Research Center regarding the use of the commercially developed Dragon capsule as a delivery vehicle for the elements of a high priority Mars Sample Return mission. The objective of the investigation was to determine entry and landed mass capabilities that cover anticipated mission conditions. The "Red Dragon" Mars configuration uses supersonic retro-propulsion, with no required parachute system, to perform Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) maneuvers. The propulsive system proposed for use is the same system that will perform an abort, if necessary, for a human rated version of the Dragon capsule. Standard trajectory analysis tools are applied to publically available information about Dragon and other legacy capsule forms in order to perform the investigation. Trajectory simulation parameters include entry velocity, flight path angle, lift to drag Ratio (LID), landing site elevation, atmosphere density, and total entry mass. In addition, engineering assumptions for the performance of the propulsion system are stated. Mass estimates for major elements of the overall proposed architecture are coupled to this EDL analysis to close the overall architecture. Three, Type 1 synodic launch opportunities, beginning with the 2022 opportunity, define the arrival conditions. Results are given for a system reflecting a nominal baseline set of the analysis parameters as well as sensitivities to those parameters. The EDL performance envelope includes landing altitudes between 0 and -4 km referenced to the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter datum as well as minimum and maximum atmosphere density. Total entry masses between 7 and 10 mt are considered with architecture closure occurring between 9.0 and 10 mt. Propellant mass fractions for each major phase of the EDL - Entry, Terminal Descent, and Hazard Avoidance - have been derived. A useful payload mass of 2.0 mt is provided and includes mass and growth allowance for a Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV), Earth Return Vehicle (ERV), and mission unique equipment. The useful payload supports an architecture that receives a sample from another surface asset and sends it directly back to Earth for recovery in a high Earth orbit. The work shows that emerging commercial capabilities as well as previously studied EDL methodologies can be used to efficiently support an important planetary science objective. The work has applications for human exploration missions that will also use propulsive EDL techniques. U.S. Government work not protected by U.S. copyright C1 [Lemke, Lawrence G.; Gonzales, Andrew A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 93035 USA. [Huynh, Loc C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Sci & Technol Corp, Moffett Field, CA 93035 USA. RP Lemke, LG (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bldg N-244,Rm 238,MS-202A-3, Moffett Field, CA 93035 USA. EM lawrence.lemke@nasa.gov; andrew.gonzales@nasa.gov; loc.c.huynh@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103016 ER PT J AU Lin, Y AF Lin, Ying GP IEEE TI Developing Tools and Technologies to Meet MSR Planetary Protection Requirements SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper describes the tools and technologies that need to be developed for a Caching Rover mission in order to meet the overall Planetary Protection requirements for future Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign. This is the result of an eight-month study sponsored by the Mars Program Office. The goal of this study is to provide a future MSR project with a focused technology development plan for achieving the necessary planetary protection and sample integrity capabilities for a Mars Caching Rover mission. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lin, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ying.lin@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102083 ER PT J AU Lisano, ME Bernard, D AF Lisano, Michael E., II Bernard, Douglas GP IEEE TI An Almanac of Martian Dust Storms for InSight Project Energy System Design SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID MARS; VIKING AB The power and thermal systems of NASA's new InSight lander must be designed to tolerate Martian dust storms, which have been observed to rise up and obscure much of the planet, approximately once in every three Mars years. To quantify the nature of the challenge posed by dust storms in terms of their seasonal occurrence, range of durations, and intensities, the project has performed an up-to-date, comprehensive assessment and inter-calibration of archived, historic Martian dust storm data. This unique assessment, captured in a new Dust Storm Almanac, combines direct measurements of Martian atmospheric optical depth made by both landed assets and orbital assets, in the Viking era (ca 1976) and also the present era of Martian spacecraft and instruments (1996-2013). The orbital observations of optical depth, which are in infrared, have been scaled based on calibration with contemporaneous visible-spectrum optical depth data made by surface assets. Implications of the observed dust storms for the design and operation of the InSight mission, as well as for Mars surface missions in general, are discussed. C1 [Lisano, Michael E., II; Bernard, Douglas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lisano, ME (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Michael.E.Lisano@jpl.nasa.gov; Douglas.E.Bernard@jpl.nasa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101044 ER PT J AU Lock, RE Bailey, ZJ Kowalkowski, TD Nilsen, EL Mattingly, RL AF Lock, Robert E. Bailey, Zachary J. Kowalkowski, Theresa D. Nilsen, Erik. L. Mattingly, Richard. L. GP IEEE TI Mars Sample Return Orbiter Concepts Using Solar Electric Propulsion for the Post-Mars2020 Decade SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID MISSION AB Since the selection of the proposed Mars 2020 mission as a Rover with the capability of sample collection and caching, there has been renewed interest in subsequent mission concepts to return Mars samples to Earth. The general architecture for this series of missions is outlined in the Planetary Science Decadal Survey of 2011. The role of the Sample Return Orbiter (SRO) in The 2011 Decadal Survey MSR architecture was to collect an orbiting sample (OS) from low Mars orbit and deliver it to Earth's surface. The architecture focused on chemical propulsion orbiters with ballistic and aerobraking trajectories that were dedicated entirely to the capture of orbiting samples and returning them to the surface of the Earth. Recent concepts have explored the use of Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) to Mars and for the return to Earth. SEP could enable significant mission flexibility which includes: lower launch mass or increased mass delivery capability to Mars orbit and return to Earth; longer launch periods for both launch and Earth return; consistency of design across launch opportunities; access to both high and low Mars orbit altitudes; increased on-orbit Delta V budgets for orbit changes and sample rendezvous; and greater control over Earth arrival speed and geometry. With this flexibility come opportunities to: save launch cost; add functions such as remote sensing observations, secondary payload deployment, and relay telecommunications; and choose between direct return of Mars samples to the Earth's biosphere or capturing them to a stable long-term orbit around the Earth. This paper compares the previous SRO chemical-ballistic concepts with the recent SEP orbiter concepts. We will show the potential benefits gained by the inherent flexibility of SEP as applied to launch mass, launch periods, Earth return opportunities, on-orbit.V and other architectural drivers. C1 [Lock, Robert E.; Bailey, Zachary J.; Kowalkowski, Theresa D.; Nilsen, Erik. L.; Mattingly, Richard. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lock, RE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM robert.e.lock@jpl.nasa.gov; zachary.j.bailey@jpl.nasa.gov; theresa.d.kowalkowski@jpl.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103071 ER PT J AU Lorenz, R Oleson, S Cataldo, R Schmitz, P Colozza, A Bairstow, B Lee, Y Amini, R AF Lorenz, Ralph Oleson, Steve Cataldo, Robert Schmitz, Paul Colozza, Anthony Bairstow, Brian Lee, Young Amini, Rashied GP IEEE TI MASER: A Mars Meteorology and Seismology Mini-Network Mission Concept Enabled by Milliwatt-RPS SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID SCIENCE AB A design reference mission (MASER - Meteorology and Seismology Enabled by Radioisotopes) for a Mars mini-network is presented. Four hard landers using parachutes and crushable impact attenuators would be deployed in the polar plains north of the Tharsis bulge to perform seismic and meteorological measurements throughout a Martian year (including the dark winter). Operation throughout the polar winter is only possible through the use of a power subsystem that would rely upon six Radioisotope Heater Units (RHUs), providing similar to 240mWe. C1 [Lorenz, Ralph] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Oleson, Steve; Cataldo, Robert; Schmitz, Paul; Colozza, Anthony] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, COMPASS Team, Cleveland, OH USA. [Bairstow, Brian; Lee, Young; Amini, Rashied] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lorenz, R (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM Ralph.Lorenz@jhuapl.edu RI Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102086 ER PT J AU Marquez, JJ Ramirez, M AF Marquez, Jessica J. Ramirez, Margarita GP IEEE TI Level of Automation and Failure Frequency Effects on Simulated Lunar Lander Performance SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID SITUATION AWARENESS; WORKLOAD; RELIANCE AB A human-in-the-loop experiment was conducted at the NASA Ames Research Center Vertical Motion Simulator, where instrument-rated pilots completed a simulated terminal descent phase of a lunar landing. Ten pilots participated in a 2 x 2 mixed design experiment, with level of automation as the within-subjects factor and failure frequency as the between-subjects factor. The two evaluated levels of automation were high (fully automated landing) and low (manual controlled landing). During test trials, participants were exposed to either a high number of failures (75% failure frequency) or low number of failures (25% failure frequency). In order to investigate the pilots' sensitivity to changes in levels of automation and failure frequency, the dependent measure selected for this experiment was accuracy of failure diagnosis, from which D Prime and Decision Criterion were derived. For each of the dependent measures, no significant difference was found for level of automation and no significant interaction was detected between level of automation and failure frequency. A significant effect was identified for failure frequency suggesting failure frequency has a significant effect on pilots' sensitivity to failure detection and diagnosis. Participants were more likely to correctly identify and diagnose failures if they experienced the higher levels of failures, regardless of level of automation. C1 [Marquez, Jessica J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Ramirez, Margarita] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Marquez, JJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Jessica.J.Marquez@nasa.gov; Margarita.Taula@nasa.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102003 ER PT J AU McLean, CH Viesca, SG Deininger, WD Unruh, BW Spores, RA Frate, DT Yim, JT Johnson, WL Aggarwal, PK Reed, BD AF McLean, Christopher H. Viesca, Silvia Giron Deininger, William D. Unruh, Bryce W. Spores, Ronald A. Frate, David T. Yim, John T. Johnson, Wesley L. Aggarwal, Pravin K. Reed, Brian D. GP IEEE TI Green Propellant Infusion Mission Program Overview and Status SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate's (STMD) Green Propellant Infusion Mission (GPIM) Technology Demonstration Mission (TDM) is comprised of a crosscutting team of domestic spacecraft propulsion and green technology experts. The GPIM program has technology infusion-team members from all three major market sectors: Industry, NASA, and the Department of Defense (DoD). This team is led and managed by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. (Ball), and includes Aerojet Rocketdyne (AR), Air Force Research Laboratory, Aerospace Systems Directorate, Edwards AFB (AFRL), NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), and NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC). STMD programmatic and technology oversight is provided by NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. The GPIM program shall fly an operational AF-M315E green propulsion subsystem on a Ball-built BCP-100 spacecraft. C1 [McLean, Christopher H.; Viesca, Silvia Giron; Deininger, William D.; Unruh, Bryce W.] Ball Aerosp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Spores, Ronald A.] Aerojet Rocketdyne, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Frate, David T.; Yim, John T.; Reed, Brian D.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Johnson, Wesley L.] NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Aggarwal, Pravin K.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP McLean, CH (reprint author), Ball Aerosp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM cmclean@ball.com; sgironvi@ball.com; wdeining@ball.com; bunruh@ball.com; ron.spores@rocket.com; david.t.frate@nasa.gov; john.t.yim@nasa.gov; wesley.l.johnson@nasa.gov; pravin.aggarwal@nasa.gov; brian.d.reed@nasa.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101020 ER PT J AU Muirhead, BK Brophy, JR AF Muirhead, Brian K. Brophy, John R. GP IEEE TI Asteroid Redirect Robotic Mission Feasibility Study SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Asteroid Redirect Robotic Mission (ARRM) concept seeks to rendezvous with, capture, and redirect to translunar space an entire small near-Earth asteroid with a mass of up to approximately 1000 metric tonnes. It would focus the capabilities of the science, technology, and the human exploration communities on a grand challenge creating a new synergy between robotic and human missions to advance human space exploration beyond low Earth orbit for the first time in 50 years. This paper addresses the key aspects of the ARRM concept and the options studied to assess its technical feasibility. Included are evaluations of the expected number of potential targets, their expected discovery rate, the necessity to adequately characterize candidate mission targets, the process to capture a non-cooperative asteroid in deep space, and the power and propulsion technologies required for transportation back to the Earth-Moon system. A class of distant retrograde lunar orbits that are stable for more than 250 years are identified as potential locations for storing the redirected asteroid. These orbits are reachable by the Asteroid Retrieval Vehicle transporting a 1000-t asteroid and are also reachable by crewed missions using the Space Launch System and Orion. The study concludes that the key aspects of finding, capturing and redirecting an entire small, near-Earth asteroid to the Earth-Moon system by the first half of the next decade are technically feasible. The study was conducted from January 2013 through July 2013 by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in collaboration with Glenn Research Center (GRC), Johnson Space Center (JSC), Langley Research Center (LaRC), and Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). C1 [Muirhead, Brian K.; Brophy, John R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Muirhead, BK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Brian.K.Muirhead@jpl.nasa.gov; John.R.Brophy@jpl.nasa.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102047 ER PT J AU Nag, S Gatebe, C de Weck, O AF Nag, Sreeja Gatebe, Charles de Weck, Olivier GP IEEE TI Relative Trajectories for Multi-Angular Earth Observation using Science Performance Optimization SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; MODEL; INVERSION AB Distributed Space Missions (DSMs) are gaining momentum in their application to earth science missions owing to their unique ability to increase observation sampling in spatial, spectral and temporal dimensions simultaneously. This paper identifies a gap in the angular sampling abilities of traditional monolithic spacecraft and proposes to address it using small satellite clusters in formation flight. The science performance metric for the angular dimension is explored using the Bidirectional Reflectance-distribution Function (BRDF), which describes the directional variation of reflectance of a surface element. Previous studies have proposed the use of clusters of nanosatellites in formation flight, each with a VNIR imaging spectrometer, to make multi-spectral reflectance measurements of a ground target, at different zenith and azimuthal angles simultaneously. In this paper, a tradespace of formation flight geometries will be explored in order to optimize or maximize angular spread and minimize BRDF estimation errors. The simulated formation flight solutions are applied to the following case studies: Snow albedo estimation in the Arctic and vegetation in the African savannas. Results will be compared to real data from previous airborne missions (NASA's ARCTAS Campaign in 2008 and SAFARI Campaign in 2000). C1 [Nag, Sreeja; de Weck, Olivier] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gatebe, Charles] NASA GSFC, GESTAR USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Nag, S (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sreeja_n@mit.edu; Charles.K.Gatebe@nasa.gov; deweck@mit.edu RI Gatebe, Charles/G-7094-2011 OI Gatebe, Charles/0000-0001-9261-2239 NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103058 ER PT J AU Nag, S LeMoigne, J de Weck, O AF Nag, Sreeja LeMoigne, Jacqueline de Weck, Olivier GP IEEE TI Cost and Risk Analysis of Small Satellite Constellations for Earth Observation SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Distributed Space Missions (DSMs) are gaining momentum in their application to Earth science missions owing to their ability to increase observation sampling in spatial, spectral, temporal and angular dimensions. Past literature from academia and industry have proposed and evaluated many cost models for spacecraft as well as methods for quantifying risk. However, there have been few comprehensive studies quantifying the cost for multiple spacecraft, for small satellites and the cost risk for the operations phase of the project which needs to be budgeted for when designing and building efficient architectures. This paper identifies the three critical problems with the applicability of current cost and risk models to distributed small satellite missions and uses data-based modeling to suggest changes that can be made in some of them to improve applicability. Learning curve parameters to make multiple copies of the same unit, technological complexity based costing and COTS enabled small satellite costing have been studied and insights provided. C1 [Nag, Sreeja; de Weck, Olivier] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [LeMoigne, Jacqueline] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Software Engn Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nag, Sreeja] MIT, Space Syst Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [de Weck, Olivier] MIT, Aeronaut & Astronaut & Engn Syst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Nag, S (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sreeja_n@mit.edu; Jacqueline.LeMoigne@nasa.gov; deweck@mit.edu NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102085 ER PT J AU Nakamura, Y Faber, N Mauro, D Alena, R Frost, CR Bhat, G McNair, J AF Nakamura, Yosuke Faber, Nicolas Mauro, David Alena, Richard Frost, Chad R. Bhat, Gokul McNair, Janise GP IEEE TI Heterogeneous Spacecraft Networks: Performance Analysis for Low-cost Earth Observation Missions SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Heterogeneous Spacecraft Networks (HSNs) are network environments in which spacecraft from different missions and institutions can communicate with each other at low cost and with low impact on overall system resources. The Mission Design Center (MDC) at NASA Ames Research Center has been studying solutions for low cost multi-spacecraft systems for a number of years. One may now build on the idea to interconnect clusters of spacecraft with each other to have them act as mobile nodes belonging to the same collaborative mission. Recent progress in small satellite technology is significant, and one of the advantages of small satellites lies precisely in the large quantity of spacecraft that can be produced at accessible costs. It follows naturally that small satellites are an interesting candidate platform for development and demonstration of the HSN concept. This paper is the second in a series of three companion papers. The general concept of operations for HSNs in LEO and a number of future applications are proposed in the first paper [6], while enabling technology such as devices and lower layer protocols are discussed in paper three [7]. In this paper, we pick up the scenario of a low-cost and multi-institutional network of Earth Observation (EO) missions in LEO and conduct network performance analysis using the AGI System Tool Kit (STK) and the open-source Network Simulator (NS-3). A multi-spacecraft network consolidates the individual capabilities of each spacecraft from different institutions by combining benefits of both frequent revisit and concentrated observation. Complementary and correlated data could be collected simultaneously from a large set of distributed spacecraft utilizing HSN capability. In this specific configuration, communication distance between spacecraft, related delays and error rate are the major factors in network performance. Also, average duration of communication opportunities between spacecraft is usually very limited. Thus, it is important to simulate orbital dynamics, link margins, and protocols simultaneously to analyze network performances. In this paper, we compare some existing protocols to obtain a measure for the practical performance of the candidate network. We focus on best-effort data delivery, an approach necessitated by the severe constraints on communications resulting from low-cost and low system resource small spacecraft. In the application layer, we show that packet size and data rate of a source node also affect overall performance of the network. We present the resulting figures of merit from our simulations. The paper concludes with a summary of the simulation results. C1 [Nakamura, Yosuke] NASA, JAXA Space Technol Demonstrat Res Ctr, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Faber, Nicolas; Mauro, David] NASA, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Alena, Richard; Frost, Chad R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bhat, Gokul; McNair, Janise] Univ Florida, Wireless & Mobile WAM Sytems Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Nakamura, Y (reprint author), NASA, JAXA Space Technol Demonstrat Res Ctr, Ames Res Ctr, MS 202-3,Bldg 202, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM nakamura.yosuke@jaxa.jp; nicolas.t.faber@nasa.gov; david.mauro@nasa.gov; richard.l.alena@nasa.gov; chad@nasa.gov; gbhat@ufl.edu; mcnair@ece.ufl.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101067 ER PT J AU Odegard, R Milenkovic, Z Henry, J Buttacoli, M AF Odegard, Ryan Milenkovic, Zoran Henry, Joel Buttacoli, Michael GP IEEE TI Model-Based GN&C Simulation and Flight Software Development for Orion Missions Beyond LEO SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB For Orion missions beyond low Earth orbit (LEO), the Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GN&C) system is being developed using a model-based approach for simulation and flight software. Lessons learned from the development of GN&C algorithms and flight software for the Orion Exploration Flight Test One (EFT-I) vehicle have been applied to the development of further capabilities for Orion GN&C beyond EFT-I. Continuing the use of a Model-Based Development (MBD) approach with the Matlab (R)/Simulink (R) tool suite, the process for GN&C development and analysis has been largely improved. Furthermore, a model-based simulation environment in Simulink greatly eases the process for early, rapid development of flight algorithms. The benefits seen by employing lessons learned from EFT-I are described, as well as the approach for implementing additional MBD techniques. Also detailed are the key enablers for improvements to the MBD process, including enhanced configuration management techniques for model-based software systems, automated code and artifact generation, and automated testing and integration. C1 [Odegard, Ryan] Draper Lab, Houston, TX 77578 USA. [Milenkovic, Zoran] Draper Lab, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Henry, Joel; Buttacoli, Michael] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Odegard, R (reprint author), Draper Lab, 17629 El Camino Real, Houston, TX 77578 USA. EM rodegard@draper.com; zmilenkovic@draper.com; joel.r.henry@nasa.gov; michael.buttacoli@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101005 ER PT J AU Oudrhiri, K Asmar, S Esterhuizen, S Goodhart, C Harvey, N Kahan, D Kruizinga, G Paik, M Shin, D White, L AF Oudrhiri, Kamal Asmar, Sami Esterhuizen, Stephan Goodhart, Charles Harvey, Nate Kahan, Daniel Kruizinga, Gerhard Paik, Meegyeong Shin, Dong White, Leslie GP IEEE TI An Innovative Direct Measurement of the GRAIL Absolute Timing of Science Data SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL), a NASA Discovery mission, twin spacecraft were launched on 10 September 2012 and were inserted into lunar orbit on 31 December 2011 and 01 January 20121. The objective of the mission was to measure a high-resolution lunar gravity field using inter-spacecraft range measurements in order to investigate the interior structure of the Moon from crust to core. The first step in the lunar gravity field determination process involved correcting for general relativity, measurement noise, biases and relative & absolute timing. Three independent clocks participated in the process and needed to be correlated after the fact. Measuring the absolute time tags for the GRAIL mission data turned out to be a challenging task primarily because of limited periods when such measurements could be conducted. Unlike the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), where absolute timing measurements are available using the GPS system(2), no absolute timing measurements were available on the far side of the Moon or when there were no DSN coverage periods. During the early cruise phase, it was determined that a direct absolute timing measurement of each spacecraft Lunar Gravity Ranging System (LGRS) clock could be directly observed by using a DSN station to eavesdrop on the Time Transfer System (TTS) S-band intersatellite ranging signal. By detecting the TTS system directly on earth, the LGRS clock can be correlated directly to Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) because the TTS and LGRS use the same clock to time-tag their measurements(3). This paper describes the end-to-end preparation process by building and installing a dedicated hardware at Goldstone station DSS-24, selecting favorable lunar orbit geometries, real time signal detection and post processing, and finally how the absolute timing is used in the overall construction of lunar gravity fields. C1 [Oudrhiri, Kamal; Asmar, Sami; Esterhuizen, Stephan; Goodhart, Charles; Harvey, Nate; Kahan, Daniel; Kruizinga, Gerhard; Paik, Meegyeong; Shin, Dong; White, Leslie] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Oudrhiri, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Kamal.Oudrhiri@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103047 ER PT J AU Petrick, D Espinosa, D Ripley, R Crum, G Geist, A Flatley, T AF Petrick, David Espinosa, Daniel Ripley, Robin Crum, Gary Geist, Alessandro Flatley, Thomas GP IEEE TI Adapting the Reconfigurable SpaceCube Processing System for Multiple Mission Applications SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper highlights the methodology and effectiveness of adapting the reconfigurable SpaceCube system to solve complex application requirements for a variety of space flight missions. SpaceCube is a reconfigurable, modular, compact, multi-processing platform for space flight applications demanding extreme processing power. The SpaceCube system is suitable for most mission applications, particularly those that are computationally and data intensive such as instrument science data processing. We will show how the SpaceCube hybrid processing architecture is used to meet data processing performance requirements that traditional flight processors cannot meet. This paper discusses the flexible computational architecture of the SpaceCube system and its inherent advantages over other avionics systems. The SpaceCube v1.0 processing system features two commercial Xilinx Virtex-4 FX60 Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), each with two embedded PowerPC405 processors. The FPGAs are mounted in an innovative back-to-back method, which reduces the size of the circuit board design while maintaining the added benefit of two FPGAs. All SpaceCube v1.0 cards are 4" x 4", yielding a small, yet powerful hybrid computing system. The architecture exploits the Xilinx FPGAs, PowerPCs, and necessary support peripherals to maximize system flexibility. Adding to the flexibility, the entire system is modular. Each card conforms to a custom mechanical standard that allows stacking multiple cards in the same box. This paper will detail the use of SpaceCube in multiple space flight applications including the Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 4 (HST-SM4), an International Space Station (ISS) radiation test bed experiment, and the main avionics subsystem for two separate ISS attached payloads. Each mission has had varying degrees of data processing complexities, performance requirements, and external interfaces. We will show the methodology used to minimize the changes required to the physical hardware, FPGA designs, embedded software interfaces, and testing. This paper will summarize significant results as they apply to each mission application. In the HST-SM4 application we utilized the FPGA resources to accelerate portions of the image processing algorithms more than 25 times faster than a standard space processor in order to meet computational speed requirements. For the ISS radiation on-orbit demonstration, the main goal is to show that we can rely on the commercial FPGAs and processors in a space environment. We describe our FPGA and processor radiation mitigation strategies that have resulted in our eight PowerPCs being available and error free for more than 99.99% of the time over the period of four years. This positive data and proven reliability of the SpaceCube on ISS resulted in the Department of Defense (DoD) selecting SpaceCube, which is replacing an older and slower computer currently used on ISS, as the main avionics for two upcoming ISS experiment campaigns. This paper will show how we quickly reconfigured the SpaceCube system to meet the more stringent reliability requirements. C1 [Petrick, David; Espinosa, Daniel; Ripley, Robin; Crum, Gary; Geist, Alessandro; Flatley, Thomas] NASA Goddard Space Flight, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Petrick, D (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM david.j.petrick@nasa.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101002 ER PT J AU Petrick, D Geist, A Albaijes, D Davis, M Sparacino, P Crum, G Ripley, R Boblitt, J Flatley, T AF Petrick, David Geist, Alessandro Albaijes, Dennis Davis, Milton Sparacino, Pietro Crum, Gary Ripley, Robin Boblitt, Jonathan Flatley, Thomas GP IEEE TI SpaceCube v2.0 Space Flight Hybrid Reconfigurable Data Processing System SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper details the design architecture, design methodology, and the advantages of the SpaceCube v2.0 high performance data processing system for space applications. The purpose in building the SpaceCube v2.0 system is to create a superior high performance, reconfigurable, hybrid data processing system that can be used in a multitude of applications including those that require a radiation hardened and reliable solution. The SpaceCube v2.0 system leverages seven years of board design, avionics systems design, and space flight application experiences. This paper shows how SpaceCube v2.0 solves the increasing computing demands of space data processing applications that cannot be attained with a standalone processor approach. The main objective during the design stage is to find a good system balance between power, size, reliability, cost, and data processing capability. These design variables directly impact each other, and it is important to understand how to achieve a suitable balance. This paper will detail how these critical design factors were managed including the construction of an Engineering Model for an experiment on the International Space Station to test out design concepts. We will describe the designs for the processor card, power card, backplane, and a mission unique interface card. The mechanical design for the box will also be detailed since it is critical in meeting the stringent thermal and structural requirements imposed by the processing system. In addition, the mechanical design uses advanced thermal conduction techniques to solve the internal thermal challenges. The SpaceCube v2.0 processing system is based on an extended version of the 3U cPCI standard form factor where each card is 190mm x 100mm in size. The typical power draw of the processor card is 8 to 10W and scales with application complexity. The SpaceCube v2.0 data processing card features two Xilinx Virtex-5 QV Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), eight memory modules, a monitor FPGA with analog monitoring, Ethernet, configurable interconnect to the Xilinx FPGAs including gigabit transceivers, and the necessary voltage regulation. The processor board uses a back-to-back design methodology for common parts that maximizes the board real estate available. This paper will show how to meet the IPC 6012B Class 3/A standard with a 22-layer board that has two column grid array devices with 1.0mm pitch. All layout trades such as stack-up options, via selection, and FPGA signal breakout will be discussed with feature size results. The overall board design process will be discussed including parts selection, circuit design, proper signal termination, layout placement and route planning, signal integrity design and verification, and power integrity results. The radiation mitigation techniques will also be detailed including configuration scrubbing options, Xilinx circuit mitigation and FPGA functional monitoring, and memory protection. Finally, this paper will describe how this system is being used to solve the extreme challenges of a robotic satellite servicing mission where typical space-rated processors are not sufficient enough to meet the intensive data processing requirements. The SpaceCube v2.0 is the main payload control computer and is required to control critical subsystems such as autonomous rendezvous and docking using a suite of vision sensors and object avoidance when controlling two robotic arms. For this application three SpaceCube processing systems are required, each with two processor cards. C1 [Petrick, David; Geist, Alessandro; Albaijes, Dennis; Davis, Milton; Sparacino, Pietro; Crum, Gary; Ripley, Robin; Boblitt, Jonathan; Flatley, Thomas] NASA Goddard Space Flight, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Petrick, D (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM david.j.petrick@nasa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101001 ER PT J AU Petro, EM Hughes, DW Secunda, MS Chen, PT Morrissey, JR Riegle, CA AF Petro, Elaine M. Hughes, David W. Secunda, Mark S. Chen, Philip T. Morrissey, James R. Riegle, Catherine A. GP IEEE TI MAVEN Contamination Venting and Outgassing Analysis SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE DE MAVEN; venting; outgassing; Mars AB Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) is the first mission to focus its study on the Mars upper atmosphere. MA VEN will study the evolution of the Mars atmosphere and climate, by examining the conduit through which the atmosphere has to pass as it is lost to the upper atmosphere. An analysis was performed for the MA VEN mission to address two distinct concerns. The first goal of the analysis was to perform an outgassing study to determine where species outgassed from spacecraft materials would redistribute to and how much of the released material might accumulate on sensitive surfaces. The second portion of the analysis serves to predict what effect, if any, Mars atmospheric gases trapped within the spacecraft could have on instrument measurements when re-released through vents. The re-release of atmospheric gases is of interest to this mission because vented gases from a higher pressure spacecraft interior could bias instrument measurements of the Mars atmosphere depending on the flow rates and directions. C1 [Petro, Elaine M.; Hughes, David W.; Secunda, Mark S.; Chen, Philip T.; Morrissey, James R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Riegle, Catherine A.] Lockheed Martin, Denver, CO 80125 USA. RP Petro, EM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101004 ER PT J AU Pinsky, L Hoang, SM Idarraga-Munoz, J Kroupa, M Stoffle, N Bahadori, A Semones, E Jakubek, J Vykydal, Z Turecek, D Pospisil, S Kitamura, H Kodaira, S AF Pinsky, Lawrence Hoang, Son Minh Idarraga-Munoz, John Kroupa, Martin Stoffle, Nicholas Bahadori, Amir Semones, Edward Jakubek, Jan Vykydal, Zdenek Turecek, Daniel Pospisil, Stanislav Kitamura, Hisashi Kodaira, Satoshi GP IEEE TI Summary of the First Year of Medipix-Based Space Radiation Monitors on the ISS SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID INTERFACE; DETECTOR; ENERGY AB On October 16, 2012 five active radiation detectors employing the Timepix version of the technology developed by the CERN-based Medipix2 Collaboration were deployed on-board the International Space Station (ISS) using simple USB interfaces to the existing ISS laptops for power, control and readout. These devices successfully demonstrated the capabilities of this technology by providing reliable dose and dose-equivalent information based on a track-by-track analysis. Several issues were identified and solutions to adjust for them have been included in the analysis. These include items such as the need to identify nuclear interactions in the Silicon sensor, and to separate penetrating from stopping tracks. The wide effective range in fluence and particle type of this technology was also verified through the highest rates seen during the South Atlantic Anomaly passes and the heavy ions nominally seen in the Galactic Cosmic Rays. Corrections for detector response saturation effects were also successfully implemented as verified by reference to ground-based accelerator data taken at the Heavy-Ion Medical Accelerator Center (HIMAC) facility at the National Institute for Radiological Sciences in Japan, and at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York. Flight hardware has been produced that will be flown on the first launch of the new Orion spacecraft, and flight hardware development is ongoing to accommodate the next generation of this technology as a baseline for radiation monitoring and dosimetry on future operational manned missions. C1 [Pinsky, Lawrence; Hoang, Son Minh; Idarraga-Munoz, John; Kroupa, Martin; Stoffle, Nicholas] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Bahadori, Amir; Semones, Edward] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Jakubek, Jan; Vykydal, Zdenek; Turecek, Daniel; Pospisil, Stanislav] Czech Tech Univ, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, CZ-12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic. [Kitamura, Hisashi; Kodaira, Satoshi] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638555, Japan. RP Pinsky, L (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, 4800 Cullen St, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM Pinsky@uh.edu RI Vykydal, Zdenek/H-6426-2016 OI Vykydal, Zdenek/0000-0003-2329-0672 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103096 ER PT J AU Plattsmier, G Stetson, H AF Plattsmier, George Stetson, Howard GP IEEE TI Autonomous Real Time Requirements Tracing SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB One of the more challenging aspects of software development is the ability to verify and validate the functional software requirements dictated by the Software Requirements Specification (SRS) and the Software Detail Design (SDD). Insuring the software has achieved the intended requirements is the responsibility of the Software Quality team and the Software Test team. The utilization of Timeliner-TLX (TM) Auto-Procedures for relocating ground operations positions to ISS automated on-board operations has begun the transition that would be required for manned deep space missions with minimal crew requirements. [1] This transition also moves the auto-procedures from the procedure realm into the flight software arena and as such the operational requirements and testing will be more structured and rigorous. The auto-procedures would be required to meet NASA software standards as specified in the Software Safety Standard (NASA-STD-8719), the Software Engineering Requirements (NPR 7150), the Software Assurance Standard (NASA-STD-8739) and also the Human Rating Requirements (NPR-8705). The Autonomous Fluid Transfer System (AFTS) test-bed utilizes the Timeliner-TLX (TM) Language for development of autonomous command and control software. The Timeliner-TLX (TM) system has the unique feature of providing the current line of the statement in execution during real-time execution of the software. The feature of execution line number internal reporting unlocks the capability of monitoring the execution autonomously by use of a companion Timeliner-TLX (TM) sequence as the line number reporting is embedded inside the Timeliner-TLX (TM) execution engine. This negates I/O processing of this type data as the line number status of executing sequences is built-in as a function reference. This paper will outline the design and capabilities of the AFTS Autonomous Requirements Tracker, which traces and logs SRS requirements as they are being met during real-time execution of the targeted system. It is envisioned that real time requirements tracing will greatly assist the movement of auto-procedures to flight software enhancing the software assurance of auto-procedures and also their acceptance as reliable commanders. C1 [Plattsmier, George] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Stetson, Howard] Teledyne Brown Engn Inc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Plattsmier, G (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM George.l.Plattsmier@nasa.gov; Howard.K.Stetson@nasa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039100053 ER PT J AU Ponchak, DS Apaza, RD Wichgers, JM Haynes, B Roy, A AF Ponchak, Denise S. Apaza, Rafael D. Wichgers, Joel M. Haynes, Brian Roy, Aloke GP IEEE TI A Study of Future Communications Concepts and Technologies for the National Airspace System-Part II SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) is investigating current and anticipated wireless communications concepts and technologies that the National Airspace System (NAS) may need in the next 50 years. NASA has awarded three NASA Research Announcements (NAR) studies with the objective to determine the most promising candidate technologies for air-to-air and air-to-ground data exchange and analyze their suitability in a post-NextGen NAS environment. This paper will present progress made in the studies and describe the communications challenges and opportunities that have been identified during the studies' first year. C1 [Ponchak, Denise S.; Apaza, Rafael D.; Wichgers, Joel M.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Wichgers, Joel M.] Rockwell Collins, Cedar Rapids, IA USA. [Haynes, Brian] Xcelar, Hopkins, MN USA. [Roy, Aloke] Honeywell Int Inc, Columbia, MD USA. [Ponchak, Denise S.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Commun Networks & Architectures Branch, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Ponchak, DS (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Denise.S.Ponchak@nasa.gov; Rafael.D.Apaza@nasa.gov; jmwichge@rockwellcollins.com; brian.haynes@xcelar.com; aloke.roy@honeywell.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101064 ER PT J AU Raphael, D Stone, RF Guevara, DL Fraction, JE AF Raphael, David Stone, Robert F. Guevara, Damaris L. Fraction, James E. GP IEEE TI Command & Data Handling for the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission is the fourth mission of the Solar Terrestrial Probes (STP) program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The MMS mission, consisting of four identically instrumented spacecraft, will use Earth's magnetosphere as a laboratory to study magnetic reconnection, a fundamental plasma-physical process that taps the energy stored in a magnetic field and converts it - typically explosively - into heat and kinetic energy in the form of charged particle acceleration and large-scale flows of matter. The Command & Data Handling (C&DH) subsystem is responsible for the spacecraft command and telemetry, time management and distribution, analog data acquisition and also hosts the flight software. Other mission specific functions include interfacing to the Instrument Suite (IS) through the Central Instrument Data Processor (CIDP) and other hardware components such as the S-Band Transponder, the Accelerometer, the Digital Sun Sensor (DSS), and the Star Sensor. The C&DH subsystem consists of one box with two of each card (Backplane, Low Voltage and Power Services (LVPS) Card, Communication Card, Processor Card and Analog Card). One side is designated as Side A or the primary side and the other as Side B or the redundant side. Only one side (primary side) is active (fully powered on) at a given time. However, the other side (redundant side) has a warm front end where the interface to the Radio Frequency (RF) Communication subsystem (Communication Card) is on for command decoding and is also capable of downlinking data. The computing part of the redundant side is powered off. One of the technical novelties on this mission is the use of SpaceWire (SpW) as the primary spacecraft bus. The SpW network provides communication paths for commands and telemetry, including science data, between: The primary and redundant C&DH and the primary and redundant CIDP units Each C&DH and its Navigator (NA V) Each C&DH and its Power Subsystem Electronics (PSE) Each C&DH and its Engine Valve Driver (EVD) The Processor Card, Communication Card and Analog Card modules within each C&DH The network is a cold spare, redundant configuration with the exception that both Communication Cards are always powered. Also, the NA V, PSE, Processor Card, Analog Card and EVD are block redundant. Two SpW Routers reside on the C&DH, one on the Processor Card and the other on the Communication Card. A SpW node core resides on the Analog Card. They are both compatible with the European Cooperation for Space Standardization (ECSS) Space Engineering SpaceWire - Links, Nodes, Routers and Networks (ECSS-E-50-12A) standard in addition to the Router incorporating several Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) defined enhancements. The interfaces to the Attitude Control System (ACS) components (Accelerometer, DSS, Star Sensor) as well as the S-Band Transponder are primarily RS-422 with the exception of the DSS which is a single-ended interface. The ACS FSW (hosted by the Processor Card) receives Accelerometer, Star Sensor, and EVD data at 4 Hertz (Hz), and DSS data once per spacecraft revolution. The ACS FSW generates thruster firing commands which are sent over SpW to the EVD hardware. This paper will provide a detailed description into the implementation of the command and data handling functions from uplink command and data processing to data downlink. The hardware design will be highlighted in order to show how (1) requirements are met and (2) the burden on flight software is lessened. C1 [Raphael, David; Stone, Robert F.; Guevara, Damaris L.; Fraction, James E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Raphael, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 566, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM David.Raphael@nasa.gov; Robert.F.Stone@nasa.gov; Damaris.L.Guevara@nasa.gov; James.E.Fraction@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102062 ER PT J AU Ruffatto, D Beganovic, D Parness, A Spenko, M AF Ruffatto, Donald, III Beganovic, Dzenis Parness, Aaron Spenko, Matthew GP IEEE TI Experimental Results of a Controllable Electrostatic/Gecko-like Adhesive on Space Materials SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Many space applications, such as docking, satellite capture, or robotic inspection, could benefit from the use of a controllable (i.e. on-off) adhesive capable of functioning on a wide range of surfaces. This paper focuses on the experimental results of such an adhesive, which combines the benefits of both electrostatic and directional dry adhesives (i.e. gecko-like adhesives). The electrostatic element consists of a conductive electrode pattern embedded inside a soft silicone polymer dielectric. Between the electrodes and the substrate lies a dry adhesive element comprised of directional fibrillar structures. The combination of these two technologies creates a positive feedback cycle in which, depending on surface roughness and material, adhesive levels can be greater than the sum of the two individual technologies. The electrostatic adhesive serves to initially engage the micro-wedges with the surface substrate. As they engage, the micro-wedges bring the electrostatic element closer to the surface, which further increases its adhesion. This consequently allows more of the dry adhesive micro-wedges to engage, particularly on rough surfaces. This paper presents the results of experimental testing of these adhesives over a range of different space-grade materials. These include different paints, composites, and blankets. Results show that the hybrid adhesive performs up to 7.1x greater than electrostatic adhesives alone. C1 [Ruffatto, Donald, III; Beganovic, Dzenis; Spenko, Matthew] IIT, MMAE Dept, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Parness, Aaron] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ruffatto, D (reprint author), IIT, MMAE Dept, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM druffatt@hawk.iit.edu; dbeganov@hawk.iit.edu; aaron.parness@jpl.nasa.gov; mspenko@iit.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101085 ER PT J AU Sanchez, M Selva, D Cameron, B Crawley, E Seas, A Seery, B AF Sanchez, Marc Selva, Daniel Cameron, Bruce Crawley, Edward Seas, Antonios Seery, Bernie GP IEEE TI Results of the MIT Space Communication and Navigation Architecture Study SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB NASA is currently conducting an architecture study for the next-generation Space Communication and Navigation system. This is an extremely complex problem with a variety of options in terms of band selection (RF, from S-band to Ka-band and beyond, or optical), network type (bent-pipe, circuit-switched, or packet-switched), fractionation strategies (monolithic, mother-daughters, homogeneous fractionation), orbit and constellation design (GEO/MEO/LEO, number of planes, number of satellites per plane), and so forth. When all the combinations are considered, the size of the tradespace grows to several millions of architectures. The ability of these architectures to meet the requirements from different user communities and other stakeholders (e.g., regulators, international partners) needs to be assessed. In this context, a computational tool was developed to enable the exploration of such large space of architectures in terms of both performance and cost. A preliminary version of this tool was presented in a paper last year. This paper describes an updated version of the tool featuring a higher-fidelity, rule-based scheduling algorithm, as well as several modifications in the architecture enumeration and cost models. It also discusses the validation results for the tool using real TDRSS data, as well as the results and sensitivity analyses for several forward-looking scenarios. Particular emphasis is put on families of architectures that are of interest to NASA, namely TDRSS-like architectures, architectures based on hosted payloads, and highly distributed architectures. C1 [Sanchez, Marc; Selva, Daniel; Cameron, Bruce; Crawley, Edward] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Seas, Antonios; Seery, Bernie] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sanchez, M (reprint author), MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 77 Massachusetts Ave 33-409, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM msnet@mit.edu; dselva@mit.edu; bcameron@mit.edu; crawley@mit.edu; Antonios.A.Seas@nasa.gov; Bernard.D.Seery@nasa.gov RI Selva, Daniel/D-1796-2017 OI Selva, Daniel/0000-0002-7618-5182 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102028 ER PT J AU Sankararaman, S Goebel, K AF Sankararaman, Shankar Goebel, Kai GP IEEE TI Uncertainty in Prognostics: Computational Methods and Practical Challenges SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY; HEALTH AB This paper discusses the topic of uncertainty quantification in prognostics and explains the importance of accurately estimating such uncertainty in order to aid risk-informed operational decision-making. Since prognostics deals with predicting the future behavior of engineering systems, it is impossible to accurately predict the future response, and therefore, it is necessary to compute the uncertainty associated with such prediction. This paper discusses the various sources of uncertainty that influence prognostics and explains that the problem of quantifying their combined effect on prognostics can be posed as an uncertainty propagation problem. Different types of uncertainty quantification methods - sampling methods and analytical methods - are reviewed and their applicability to prognostics is investigated. The practical challenges involved in applying these methods for online health monitoring purposes are discussed. Finally, the various concepts presented in this paper are illustrated using a numerical example. C1 [Sankararaman, Shankar] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Goebel, Kai] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Sankararaman, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM shankar.sankararaman@nasa.gov; kai.goebel@nasa.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102031 ER PT J AU Scharf, DP Regehr, MW Vaughan, GM Benito, J Ansari, H Aung, M Johnson, A Casoliva, J Mohan, S Dueri, D Acikmese, B Masten, D Nietfeld, S AF Scharf, Daniel P. Regehr, Martin W. Vaughan, Geoffery M. Benito, Joel Ansari, Homayoon Aung, MiMi Johnson, Andrew Casoliva, Jordi Mohan, Swati Dueri, Daniel Acikmese, Behcet Masten, David Nietfeld, Scott GP IEEE TI ADAPT Demonstrations of Onboard Large-Divert Guidance with a VTVL Rocket SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Autonomous Ascent and Descent Powered-Flight Testbed (ADAPT) is a closed-loop, free-flying testbed for demonstrating descent and landing technologies of next-generation planetary landers. The free-flying vehicle is the Masten Space Systems Xombie vertical-takeoff, vertical-landing suborbital rocket. A specific technology ADAPT is demonstrating in the near-term is Guidance for Fuel-Optimal Large Diverts (G-FOLD), a fuel-optimal trajectory planner for diverts during powered descent, which is the final kilometers of descent to landing on rocket engines. Previously, ADAPT used Xombie to fly optimal large-divert trajectories, extending Xombie's divert range to 750 m. However, these trajectories were planned off-line with G-FOLD. This paper reports the successful Xombie flight demonstrations of large diverts using G-FOLD on board to calculate divert trajectories in real time while descending. The culminant test flight of the last year was an 800 m divert that was initiated at an altitude of 290 m while moving away from and crosswise to the landing pad. Hence, G-FOLD had to calculate a constrained divert trajectory that reversed direction, was fully three-dimensional, with horizontal motion nearly three times the initial altitude, and it did so in similar to 100 ms on board Xombie as it was descending. Xombie then flew the divert trajectory with meter-level precision, demonstrating that G-FOLD had planned a trajectory respecting all the constraints of the rocket-powered vehicle. The steps to reach this flight demonstration of on-board generation of optimal divert trajectories and the system engineering for future ADAPT payloads are also presented. C1 [Scharf, Daniel P.; Regehr, Martin W.; Vaughan, Geoffery M.; Benito, Joel; Ansari, Homayoon; Aung, MiMi; Johnson, Andrew; Casoliva, Jordi; Mohan, Swati] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Dueri, Daniel; Acikmese, Behcet] Univ Texas Austin, Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Masten, David; Nietfeld, Scott] Masten Space Syst, Mojave, CA 93501 USA. RP Scharf, DP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Daniel.P.Scharf@jpl.nasa.gov; behcet@austin.utexas.edu; dmasten@masten.aero NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103056 ER PT J AU Schoenenberger, M Kutty, P Queen, E Karlgaard, C AF Schoenenberger, Mark Kutty, Prasad Queen, Eric Karlgaard, Chris GP IEEE TI The Aerodynamics of Axisymmetric Blunt Bodies Flying at Angle of Attack SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID DESCENT; ENTRY AB The Mars Science Laboratory entry capsule is used as an example to demonstrate how a blunt body of revolution must be treated as asymmetric in some respects when flying at a non-zero trim angle of attack. A brief description of the axisymmetric moment equations are provided before solving a system of equations describing the lateral-directional moment equations for a blunt body trimming at an angle of attack. Simplifying assumptions are made which allow the solution to the equations to be rearranged to relate the roll and yaw stability with sideslip angle to the frequency of oscillation of the vehicle body rates. The equations show that for a blunt body the roll and yaw rates are in phase and proportional to each other. The ratio of the rates is determined by the static stability coefficients and mass properties about those axes. A trajectory simulation is used to validate the static yaw stability parameter identification equation and a simple method of identifying the oscillation frequency from the body rates. The approach is shown to successfully extract the modeled yaw stability coefficient along a simulated Mars entry. Mars Science Laboratory flight data results are presented from earlier work which indicate that results from both the validation case and flight data are in agreement with preflight predictions. A brief discussion of the dynamic stability is also provided. Trimming at a non-zero angle suggests that the typical axisymmetric models of the dynamic stability coefficients should be modified. However, further experimental or computational work must be done to separate damping due to body rates and wind relative rates before the correct lifting formulation would affect simulation results. C1 [Schoenenberger, Mark] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Queen, Eric] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Atmospher Flight & Entry Syst Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Schoenenberger, M (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 1 N Dryden St,MS 489, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102001 ER PT J AU Schreckenghost, D Milam, T Billman, D AF Schreckenghost, Debra Milam, Tod Billman, Dorrit GP IEEE TI Human Performance with Procedure Automation to Manage Spacecraft Systems SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB A critical resource for meeting the challenges of human exploration beyond near Earth orbit is greater reliance on spacecraft automation. If human-automation integration is not appropriately designed, however, increased automation may contribute to rather than alleviate these challenges. TRACLabs and San Jose State University are investigating the hypothesis that selecting units of work for automation based on procedures written for humans will improve human-automation designs. We conducted an exploratory study with human participants using TRACLabs' PRIDE software for authoring and executing electronic procedures to perform simulated spacecraft operations. Our research investigates manual, partially automated, and fully automated procedure execution, and support for these multiple modes. We report the results of participant use of automation functions in this paper. C1 [Schreckenghost, Debra; Milam, Tod] TRACLabs, Webster, TX 77598 USA. [Billman, Dorrit] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Schreckenghost, D (reprint author), TRACLabs, 16969 N Texas Ave,Suite 300, Webster, TX 77598 USA. EM ghost@ieee.org; tmilam@traclabs.com; dorrit.billman@nasa.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102092 ER PT J AU Sen, A Lagerloef, G Lee, T AF Sen, Amit Lagerloef, Gary Lee, Tong GP IEEE TI Review of Recent Technical Accomplishments of Aquarius - NASA's first Global Sea Surface Salinity Mission SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE DE International Sea surface salinity mission; SSS; global water cycle; microwave remote sensing; projects; climate studies; Aquarius/SAC-D; Observatory; spacecraft and instrument testing; performance; launch; NASA; CONAE ID INSTRUMENT AB Launched 10 June 2011, the NASA's Aquarius instrument onboard the Argentine built and managed Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas (SAC-D) has been tirelessly observing the open oceans, confirming and adding new knowledge to the not so vast measured records of the Earth's global oceans. This paper reviews the data collected to date, findings, challenges and future work that is at hand for the sleepless oceanographers, hydrologists and climate scientists. Although routine data is being collected, a snapshot is presented from almost 2-years of flawless operations showing new discoveries and possibilities of lot more in the future. Repetitive calibration and validation of measurements from Aquarius continue together with comparison of the data to the existing array of Argo temperature/salinity profiling floats, measurements from the recent Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS) in-situ experiment and research, and to the data collected from the European Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission. This aids in the optimization of computer model functions to improve the basic understanding of the water cycle over the oceans and its ties to climate. The Aquarius mission operations team also has been tweaking and optimizing algorithms, reprocessing data as needed, and producing salinity movies that has never been seen before. On a similar note and news, the Argentine SAC-D end, the international partners of this mission (Argentina, Italy, France and Canada) have been mining on data from their 7 other instruments on-board this 1.5 Ton satellite. A brief overview of their findings will also be covered in this paper. C1 [Sen, Amit] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lee, Tong] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Oceans & Ice Grp, Pasadena, CA USA. [Lagerloef, Gary] Earth & Space Res, Seattle, WA USA. RP Sen, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101076 ER PT J AU Serabyn, E Cady, E Kern, B Mawet, D AF Serabyn, E. Cady, E. Kern, B. Mawet, D. GP IEEE TI High Contrast Demonstrations with the Vortex Coronagraph SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID LABORATORY DEMONSTRATION; PLANET; IMAGE; EARTH; STAR AB The optical vortex coronagraph (OVC) has great potential both for carrying out high-contrast exoplanet searches around nearby stars, and for reducing the size of the space telescopes needed for exoplanet imaging and spectral characterization missions. This is because using a coronagraphic mask to modify the phase of a focal-plane stellar point spread function, instead of its intensity, leaves transmissions high even at small angular offsets from the center of the mask. Here we discuss recent progress in demonstrating the capabilities of the OVC, including the production of vector vortex phase masks, and recent contrast measurements obtained for optical vortex masks in the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's High Contrast Imaging Testbed (HCIT). Specifically, monochromatic contrasts below 10(-9) have recently been demonstrated across wavefront-corrected "dark hole" regions extending from 2-7 lambda/D from a laboratory simulated "stellar" point source, where lambda is the wavelength, and D is the aperture diameter. Initial broadband (10% bandwidth) contrasts are not far behind, at approximately the 10(-8) level. Further work is aimed at deepening and broadening wideband contrasts in the dark hole. It is anticipated that further development of broadband vortex phase masks should be able to provide the capabilities required by future spacebased coronagraphic instruments aimed at exoplanet imaging and spectroscopy. C1 [Serabyn, E.; Cady, E.; Kern, B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mawet, D.] European So Observ, Santiago 3107, Chile. RP Serabyn, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM gene.serabyn@jpl.nasa.gov; dmawet@eso.org NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103041 ER PT J AU Soriano, M Aveline, D Mckee, M Virkler, K Yamamoto, C Sengupta, A AF Soriano, Melissa Aveline, David Mckee, Michael Virkler, Kristen Yamamoto, Cliff Sengupta, Anita GP IEEE TI Cold Atom Laboratory Mission System Design SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Cold Atom Laboratory (CAL) is a multi-user facility that will provide the ability to study ultra-cold quantum gases in a microgravity environment. The laboratory is an internal payload that will operate on the International Space Station (ISS) in 2016. Principal Investigators from various universities will trade off in designing experiment sequences that vary different parameters, such as magnetic field strength or timing. The primary science data consists of two images of the cold atoms captured successively at the end of each experiment. CAL Mission Systems is responsible for payload operations, as well as processing and archival of the science data by the Ground Data System (GDS). The Mission System architecture is described and design trade-offs are discussed. Also, the requirements, expected capabilities, and margins are compared and analyzed. The payload will be operated remotely from the CAL Mission and Science Operations Center at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. One challenge is providing real-time operations, despite limited uplink bandwidth available through the Space Network. Strategies for minimizing uplink bandwidth to enable real-time operations are discussed. The CAL is currently in Phase B, with its preliminary design in development. Current progress is described, including algorithms for processing the cold atom images and initial results. C1 [Soriano, Melissa; Aveline, David; Mckee, Michael; Virkler, Kristen; Yamamoto, Cliff; Sengupta, Anita] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Soriano, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Melissa.A.Soriano@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039100040 ER PT J AU Southard, AE Getty, SA Balvin, M Elsila, JE Kotecki, AEMC Towner, DW Dworkin, JP Glavin, DP Mahaffy, PR Ferrance, J AF Southard, Adrian E. Getty, Stephanie A. Balvin, Manuel Elsila, Jamie E. Kotecki, Ana Espiritu Melina Carl Towner, Deborah W. Dworkin, J. P. Glavin, Daniel P. Mahaffy, Paul R. Ferrance, J. GP IEEE TI LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY INTERFACE FOR DETECTION OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL ORGANICS SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID METEORITES AB The OASIS (Organics Analyzer for Sampling Icy surfaces) microchip enables electrospray or thermospray of analyte for subsequent analysis by the OASIS time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Electrospray of buffer solution containing the nucleobase adenine was performed using the microchip and detected by a commercial time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Future testing of thermospray and electrospray capability will be performed using a test fixture and vacuum chamber developed especially for optimization of ion spray at atmosphere and in low pressure environments. C1 [Southard, Adrian E.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Getty, Stephanie A.; Balvin, Manuel; Elsila, Jamie E.; Kotecki, Ana Espiritu Melina Carl; Towner, Deborah W.; Dworkin, J. P.; Glavin, Daniel P.; Mahaffy, Paul R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ferrance, J.] J2F Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22911 USA. RP Southard, AE (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Adrian.e.southard@nasa.gov RI Getty, Stephanie/D-7037-2012; Elsila, Jamie/C-9952-2012; Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012; Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012 OI Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765; Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102017 ER PT J AU Takamura, E Gomez-Rosa, C Mangum, K Wasiak, F AF Takamura, Eduardo Gomez-Rosa, Carlos Mangum, Kevin Wasiak, Fran GP IEEE TI MAVEN Information Security Governance, Risk Management, and Compliance (GRC): Lessons Learned SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE DE IT security; information security; information security management; cyber security; FISMA; risk; risk management; compliance; regulations; governance; GRC AB As the first interplanetary mission managed by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) had three IT security goals for its ground system: COMPLIANCE, (IT) RISK REDUCTION, and COST REDUCTION. In a multiorganizational environment in which government, industry and academia work together in support of the ground system and mission operations, information security governance, risk management, and compliance (GRC) becomes a challenge as each component of the ground system has and follows its own set of IT security requirements. These requirements are not necessarily the same or even similar to each other's, making the auditing of the ground system security a challenging feat. A combination of standards-based information security management based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Risk Management Framework (RMF), due diligence by the Mission's leadership, and effective collaboration among all elements of the ground system enabled MAVEN to successfully meet NASA's requirements for IT security, and therefore meet Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) mandate on the Agency. Throughout the implementation of GRC on MAVEN during the early stages of the mission development, the Project faced many challenges some of which have been identified in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to document these challenges, and provide a brief analysis of the lessons MAVEN learned. The historical information documented herein, derived from an internal pre-launch lessons learned analysis, can be used by current and future missions and organizations implementing and auditing GRC. C1 [Takamura, Eduardo; Gomez-Rosa, Carlos; Mangum, Kevin; Wasiak, Fran] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Takamura, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039104007 ER PT J AU Terrile, RJ Jackson, BL Belz, AP AF Terrile, Richard J. Jackson, Byron L. Belz, Andrea P. GP IEEE TI Consideration of Risk and Reward in Balancing Technology Portfolios SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB When managing technology portfolios like the Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Program, NASA makes a considerable effort to gauge the risk and cost as guidance factors for balancing a program. Metrics like the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) are used to determine the maturity of a given technology and thereby provide an assessment of the required steps and funding needed to infuse the technology. Analysis of funded SBIR projects indicates that a newly developed metric described in this paper that can be a proxy for "benefit to NASA" shows strong correlation to receiving Phase II awards. We examine this correlation to determine which additional metrics might better assess the potential programmatic reward for investing in a given technology. By examining a pool of proposals with high technical merit that are initially recommended for funding, we have developed a metric known as the "Technology Impact" that seems to have a good correlation with proposals selected for award. This reward potential or impact of investing in a new technology is divided into two factors. The first is the value of the missions or programs impacted. For NASA the value of all funds associated with the creation of or the contribution to the program is the "market". Depending on the specific technology the size of the market could be a component, an instrument, a service or even an entire flight mission. The second factor is the leverage a new technology will have on the value of the impacted missions. As TRL acts as a proxy for risk, we propose an analogous proxy for reward called the Technology Leverage Factor (TLF) as a measure of the potential leverage a technology can have for creating the market. TLF is a measure that relates to the market contribution of the new technology. This can range from a 1% contribution for a component, a 10% contribution for an instrument, to a 100% contribution for a mission enabling technology. We use the market size estimate and TLF to demonstrate how these can be used to create risk reward metrics to be used in conjunction with TRL for technology portfolio management. C1 [Terrile, Richard J.; Jackson, Byron L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Belz, Andrea P.] Univ So Calif, USC Marshall Sch Business, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Terrile, RJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Rich.Terrile@jpl.nasa.gov; Byron.L.Jackson@jpl.nasa.gov; abelz@marshall.usc.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103069 ER PT J AU Teubert, C Daigle, MJ AF Teubert, Christopher Daigle, Matthew J. GP IEEE TI Current/Pressure Transducer Application of Model-Based Prognostics using Steady State Conditions SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Prognostics is the process of predicting a system's future states, health degradation/wear, and remaining useful life (RUL). This information plays an important role in preventing failure, reducing downtime, scheduling maintenance, and improving system utility. Prognostics relies heavily on wear estimation. In some components, the sensors used to estimate wear may not be fast enough to capture brief transient states that are indicative of wear. For this reason it is beneficial to be capable of detecting and estimating the extent of component wear using steady-state measurements. This paper details a method for estimating component wear using steady-state measurements, describes how this is used to predict future states, and presents a case study of a current/pressure (lIP) Transducer. lIP Transducer nominal and off-nominal behaviors are characterized using a physics-based model, and validated against expected and observed component behavior. This model is used to map observed steady-state responses to corresponding fault parameter values in the form of a lookup table. This method was chosen because of its fast, efficient nature, and its ability to be applied to both linear and non-linear systems. Using measurements of the steady state output, and the lookup table, wear is estimated. A regression is used to estimate the wear propagation parameter and characterize the damage progression function, which are used to predict future states and the remaining useful life of the system. C1 [Teubert, Christopher] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Daigle, Matthew J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Teubert, C (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM christopher.a.teubert@nasa.gov; matthew.j.daigle@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039102026 ER PT J AU Thrivikraman, T Horst, S Price, D Hoffman, J Veilleux, L AF Thrivikraman, Tushar Horst, Stephen Price, Douglas Hoffman, James Veilleux, Louise GP IEEE TI A Compact Two-stage 120 W GaN High Power Amplifier for SweepSAR Radar Systems SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This work presents the design and measured results of a fully integrated switched power two-stage GaN HEMT high-power amplifier (HPA) achieving 60% power-added efficiency at over 120 W output power. This high-efficiency GaN HEMT HPA is an enabling technology for L-band SweepSAR interferometric instruments that enable frequent repeat intervals and high-resolution imagery. The L-band HPA was designed using space-qualified state-of-the-art GaN HEMT technology. The amplifier exhibits over 34 dB of power gain at 51 dBm of output power across an 80 MHz bandwidth. The HPA is divided into two stages, an 8 W driver stage and 120 W output stage. The amplifier is designed for pulsed operation, with a high-speed DC drain switch operating at the pulsed-repetition interval and settles within 200 ns. In addition to the electrical design, a thermally optimized package was designed, that allows for direct thermal radiation to maintain low-junction temperatures for the GaN parts maximizing long-term reliability. Lastly, real radar waveforms are characterized and analysis of amplitude and phase stability over temperature demonstrate ultra-stable operation over temperature using integrated bias compensation circuitry allowing less than 0.2 dB amplitude variation and 2 degrees phase variation over a 70 degrees C range. C1 [Thrivikraman, Tushar; Horst, Stephen; Price, Douglas; Hoffman, James; Veilleux, Louise] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Radar Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Thrivikraman, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Radar Sci & Engn, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Tushar.Thrivikraman@jpl.nasa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101021 ER PT J AU Trase, K Fink, E AF Trase, Kathryn Fink, Eric GP IEEE TI A Model-Driven Visualization Tool for Use with Model-Based Systems Engineering Projects SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) promotes increased consistency between a system's design and its design documentation through the use of an object-oriented system model. The creation of this system model facilitates data presentation by providing a mechanism from which information can be extracted by automated manipulation of model content. Existing MBSE tools enable model creation, but are often too complex for the unfamiliar model viewer to easily use. These tools do not yet provide many opportunities for easing into the development and use of a system model when system design documentation already exists. This study creates a Systems Modeling Language (SysML) Document Traceability Framework (SDTF) for integrating design documentation with a system model, and develops an Interactive Visualization Engine for SysML Tools (InVEST), that exports consistent, clear, and concise views of SysML model data. These exported views are each meaningful to a variety of project stakeholders with differing subjects of concern and depth of technical involvement. InVEST allows a model user to generate multiple views and reports from a MBSE model, including wiki pages and interactive visualizations of data. System data can also be filtered to present only the information relevant to the particular stakeholder, resulting in a view that is both consistent with the larger system model and other model views. Viewing the relationships between system artifacts and documentation, and filtering through data to see specialized views improves the value of the system as a whole, as data becomes information.(1) C1 [Trase, Kathryn] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Fink, Eric] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. RP Trase, K (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM kathryn.trase@nasa.gov; ericwfink@gmail.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101043 ER PT J AU Uckert, K Chanover, NJ Getty, S Brinckerhoff, WB Li, X Floyd, M Voelz, DG Xiao, X Tawalbeh, R McMillan, N Chavez, A Boston, PJ Glenar, DA Ecelberger, S Cornish, T AF Uckert, Kyle Chanover, Nancy J. Getty, Stephanie Brinckerhoff, William B. Li, Xiang Floyd, Melissa Voelz, David G. Xiao, Xifeng Tawalbeh, Rula McMillan, Nancy Chavez, Arriana Boston, Penelope J. Glenar, David A. Ecelberger, Scott Cornish, Timothy GP IEEE TI A Comparative Study of in Situ Biosignature Detection Spectroscopy Techniques on Planetary Surfaces SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETER; MICROBIAL LIFE; MARS; MINERALS; GEOMICROBIOLOGY; MISSIONS; FUTURE AB We demonstrate the biosignature detection capabilities of several classes of instruments, including a compact laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer, an acousto-optic tunable filter IR point spectrometer, a laser-induced breakdown spectrometer, and a scanning electron microscope. We collected biotic and abiotic calcite, gypsum, and manganese oxide samples from Fort Stanton Cave to identify the presence of biomarkers with each instrument class. We find evidence of biologic activity in these samples including the presence of organic molecules, macroscopic and microscopic morphological features consistent with fossilized mircobes, and the presence of trace elements consistent with the biotic precipitation of minerals. The identification of extant or extinct microbial life is best supported by a suite of biosignatures, rather than a single observation. We demonstrate the unique biosignature detection results of each instrument class and discuss the importance of developing an instrument suite for future landed astrobiology missions on other planetary surfaces. C1 [Uckert, Kyle; Chanover, Nancy J.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Getty, Stephanie; Brinckerhoff, William B.; Li, Xiang; Floyd, Melissa] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Voelz, David G.; Xiao, Xifeng; Tawalbeh, Rula] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [McMillan, Nancy; Chavez, Arriana] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Boston, Penelope J.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Glenar, David A.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Ecelberger, Scott; Cornish, Timothy] C&E Res Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. RP Uckert, K (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM kuckert@astronomy.nmsu.edu; nchanove@nmsu.edu; stephanie.a.getty@nasa.gov; william.b.brinckerhoff@nasa.gov; xiang.li@nasa.gov; melissa.floyd@nasa.gov; davvoelz@nmsu.edu; xixiao@nmsu.edu; rula@nmsu.edu; nmcmilla@ad.nmsu.edu; arrichav@nmsu.edu; pboston@nmt.edu; dglenar@umbc.edu; sae@ceresearchinc.com; tcornish@ceresearchinc.com RI Getty, Stephanie/D-7037-2012; Li, Xiang/F-4539-2012 NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101037 ER PT J AU Vilnrotter, V AF Vilnrotter, V. GP IEEE TI Parameter Estimation Algorithms for Tropospheric Compensation in Uplink Arrays SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The concept of coherently combining X-band (7.2 GHz, nominally 4 cm wavelength) signals at a spacecraft from several 34 meter antennas, thus forming an Uplink Array that increases the signal power at the spacecraft or a radar target by a factor of N-2 (where N is the number of array elements), has been documented in previous publications. Although 4 cm wavelength X-band signals typically do not suffer significant losses from tropospheric delay fluctuations over the array, some degradation may occur due to fluctuating tropospheric delays when tracking with the array at low elevations, or under particularly unfavorable weather conditions such as rapidly moving thick clouds and rain. This degradation is exacerbated at higher carrier frequencies, such as Ka-band (32 GHz, nominal 1 cm wavelength) currently planned for future deep-space communications and radar applications, where a given differential delay generates four times greater phase fluctuations than at X-band. In this paper, optimum as well as suboptimum algorithms designed to estimate the relevant parameters for estimating tropospheric phase in real time are presented. For each parameter, the Cramer-Rao bound on estimator performance is derived, and compared with MATLAB simulations designed to test each algorithm's performance. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Vilnrotter, V (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Victor.A.Vilnrotter@jpl.nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101070 ER PT J AU Vilnrotter, V Hamkins, J Ashrafi, S AF Vilnrotter, Victor Hamkins, Jon Ashrafi, Shwan GP IEEE TI Performance Analysis of Digital Tracking Loops for Telemetry-Based Ranging Applications SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB In this paper, we analyze mathematical models of digital loops used to track the phase and timing of communications and navigations signals. The limits on the accuracy of phase and timing estimates play a critical role in the accuracy achievable in telemetry-based ranging applications. We describe in detail a practical algorithm to compute the loop parameters for discrete update (DU) and the continuous update (CU) loop formulations, consistent with the development of [3], and we show that a simple power-series approximation to the DU model is valid over a large range of time-bandwidth product (BLT). Several numerical examples compare the estimation error variance of the DU and CU models to each other and to Cramer-Rao lower bounds. Finally, the results are applied to the problem of ranging, by evaluating the performance of a phase-locked loop designed to track a typical ambiguity-resolving PN code received and demodulated at the spacecraft, on the uplink part of the two-way ranging link. C1 [Vilnrotter, Victor; Hamkins, Jon] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ashrafi, Shwan] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Vilnrotter, V (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Victor.A.Vilnrotter@jpl.nasa.gov; Jon.Hamkins@jpl.nasa.gov; shwan@washington.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039101071 ER PT J AU Walker, CK O'Dougherty, S Duffy, B Peters, W Lesser, D Kulesa, C Smith, IS Noll, J Goldsmith, PF Groppi, CE Mani, H Bernasconi, P AF Walker, Christopher K. O'Dougherty, Stefan Duffy, Brian Peters, William Lesser, David Kulesa, Craig Smith, I. Steve Noll, James Goldsmith, Paul F. Groppi, Christopher E. Mani, Hamdi Bernasconi, Pietro GP IEEE TI 10 Meter Sub-Orbital Large Balloon Reflector (LBR) SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE DE suborbital; terahetz telescope; terahertz astronomy; terahertz antenna AB Under the auspices of the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) Program, the University of Arizona, Southwest Research Institute, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Arizona State University, and Johns Hopkins Applied Research Laboratory are developing and demonstrating key technologies required to realize a suborbital, 10 meter class telescope suitable for operation from radio to THz frequencies. The telescope consists of an inflatable, half-aluminized spherical reflector deployed within a much larger carrier balloon - either zero pressure or super pressure. Besides serving as a launch vehicle, the carrier balloon provides both a stable mount and radome for the enclosed telescope. Looking up, the LBR will serve as a telescope. Looking down, the LBR can be used for remote sensing or telecommunication activities. The realization of a large, space-based 10 meter class telescope for far-infrared/THz studies has long been a goal of NASA. By combining successful suborbital balloon and ground-based telescope technologies, the dream of a 10 meter class telescope free of 99% of the Earth's atmospheric absorption in the far-infrared can be realized. The same telescope can also be used to perform sensitive, high spectral and spatial resolution limb sounding studies of the Earth's atmosphere in greenhouse gases and serve as a high flying hub for any number of telecommunications and surveillance activities. C1 [Walker, Christopher K.; O'Dougherty, Stefan; Duffy, Brian; Peters, William; Lesser, David; Kulesa, Craig] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Smith, I. Steve; Noll, James] Southwest Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Goldsmith, Paul F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Groppi, Christopher E.; Mani, Hamdi] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Bernasconi, Pietro] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Walker, CK (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cwalker@as.arizona.edu; SISmith@swri.edu; paul.f.goldsmith@jpl.nasa.gov; cgroppi@asu.edu; pietro.bernasconi@jhuapl.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103063 ER PT J AU Webster, J AF Webster, Jeffery GP IEEE TI NASA's New Space Flight Project Requirements: Earlier Definition for Later Cost Stability SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB NASA Procedural Requirement (NPR) 7120.5, revision E, was released on August 14, 2012. The new NPR, titled NASA Space Flight Program and Project Management Requirements, communicates NASA's top-level requirements for space flight programs and projects. The requirements are levied on NASA managers and the project engineering and programmatic teams who are developing and operating NASA's space flight missions. NASA made significant additions and changes to the requirements governing space flight programs and projects, in particular to the project life cycle, project reviews, and the project programmatic and engineering products that document project plans for developing and operating spacecraft and missions. These document products are also used to assess project readiness for approval to move into the next life cycle phase. Development of the new products, and of existing products earlier in the project life cycle, will require changes in how NASA's space flight projects are managed and implemented. In particular, projects will need additional funding and/or schedule time during the Formulation Phase of the project life cycle. Other notable changes were made to the NPR, including the addition of a program/project compliance matrix and revision of the waiver process. This paper will describe the key changes to project requirements in the new NPR, how they will impact the development of space flight projects, and how JPL is preparing to implement the new requirements. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Webster, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Jeffery.N.Webster@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103030 ER PT J AU White, C Limonadi, D Collins, C Antoun, G Roumeliotis, C Jandura, L Hallee, B Melkol, J Robinsonl, M Sletten, R AF White, Christopher Limonadi, Daniel Collins, Curtis Antoun, George Roumeliotis, Chris Jandura, Louise Hallee, Bernard Melkol, Joseph Robinsonl, Matt Sletten, Ronald GP IEEE TI Keeping the MSL Rover Safe against Slip and Settling while Sampling SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID MARS AB Extra-terrestrial rover design and operation is a relatively young field. One important aspect of the design and operation of these rovers is to safeguard the vehicle against the loads resulting from the rover slipping or settling, particularly when the robotic arm has placed a science or engineering tool on or near the ground surface. This is a significant engineering challenge because of the need to balance rover slip capability in uncertain terrains with mission mass and volume constraints - and it is a challenge few teams have had to encounter. This paper describes how system requirements, innovative numerical simulations, and an operational process termed the Slip Risk Assessment Process - are being used on the Mars Science Laboratory Rover. The paper also describes the experience the team has gained from applying these techniques for nearly 400 sols of surface operations, and points to improvements which could benefit future missions. C1 [White, Christopher; Limonadi, Daniel; Collins, Curtis; Roumeliotis, Chris; Jandura, Louise; Melkol, Joseph; Robinsonl, Matt] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Antoun, George] ATA Engn Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Hallee, Bernard; Sletten, Ronald] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP White, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM cvwhite@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039103001 ER PT J AU Younse, P Acord, K Aveline, D Bao, XQ Beegle, L Berisford, D Bhandari, P Budney, C Chandler, E Chen, F Chen, N Chung, S Cooper, M DeGrosse, P Dodd, E Fuller, M Lewis, D Lykens, K Parker, M Smith, R AF Younse, Paulo Acord, Katherine Aveline, David Bao, Xiaoqi Beegle, Luther Berisford, Dan Bhandari, Pradeep Budney, Charles Chandler, Erol Chen, Fei Chen, Nicole Chung, Shirley Cooper, Moogega DeGrosse, Patrick, Jr. Dodd, Emma Fuller, Matthew Lewis, Don Lykens, Kim Parker, Mimi Smith, Rebecca GP IEEE TI Sample Tube Seal Testing for Mars Sample Return SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Four sealing methods for encapsulating samples in 1 cm diameter thin-walled sample tubes were designed, along with a set of tests for characterization and evaluation of sample preservation capability for the proposed Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign. The sealing methods include a finned shape memory alloy (SMA) plug, expanding torque plug, contracting SMA ring cap, and expanding SMA ring plug. Mechanical strength and hermeticity of the seal were measured. Robustness of the seal to Mars simulant dust, surface abrasion, and pressure differentials were tested. Survivability tests were run to simulate thermal cycles on Mars, vibration from a Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV), and shock from Earth Entry Vehicle (EEV) landing. Material compatibility with potential sample minerals and organic molecules were studied to select proper tube and seal materials that would not lead to adverse reactions nor contaminate the sample. Cleaning and sterilization techniques were executed on coupons made from the seal materials to assess compliance with planetary protection and contamination control. Finally, a method to cut a sealed tube for sample removal was designed and tested. C1 [Younse, Paulo; Acord, Katherine; Aveline, David; Bao, Xiaoqi; Beegle, Luther; Berisford, Dan; Bhandari, Pradeep; Budney, Charles; Chandler, Erol; Chen, Fei; Chen, Nicole; Chung, Shirley; Cooper, Moogega; DeGrosse, Patrick, Jr.; Dodd, Emma; Fuller, Matthew; Lewis, Don; Lykens, Kim; Parker, Mimi; Smith, Rebecca] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Younse, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM paulo.j.younse@jpl.nasa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039100061 ER PT J AU Pi, XQ Iijima, BA Lu, WW AF Pi, Xiaoqing Iijima, Byron A. Lu, Wenwen GP Inst Navigat TI Effects of Ionospheric Scintillation on GNSS-Based Positioning SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite-Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS) CY SEP 08-12, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div AB This paper presents a characterization of L-band ionospheric scintillation observed at a single site in the polar region, and an analysis of GPS-based point positioning error caused by carrier phase data degradation during scintillation. The scintillation measurements of L1CA, L2C, and L5 signals have been made from Fairbanks, Alaska, using a Septentrio PolaRxS Pro scintillation receiver. The measurements include signal intensity and carrier phase sampled at 50 Hz, as well as S-4 and sigma(phi) indices at 1-minute cadence. The rate of TEC index (ROTI) measurements at 5-minute cadence have also been derived from the nominal GPS dual-frequency phase data collected by this receiver. In addition, measurements of standard deviation of code-carrier divergence (CCD-STD) fluctuations, which are affected by phase scintillation, are also provided by the receiver. Our analysis of observed amplitude and phase scintillation data during the auroral electrojet activity driven by space weather disturbances shows three types of scintillations: continuous, intermittent, and spike (primarily fade). Analysis of 50-Hz phase scintillation data and their 1-minute statistics (sigma(phi)) show that phase scintillation follows relation Delta phi(i)/Delta phi(j) = f(j)/f(i) or sigma(phi)i/sigma(phi)j = f(j)/f(i) between different radio frequencies, where phi(i). TEC/f(i) is the ionospheric-induced carrier phase advance at radio frequency f(i). The 1-minute statistics of amplitude scintillation (S-4) tend to follow roughly the relation too, but the high-rate signal intensity data show some decorrelation between different signals. It is also found that measurements of CCD-STD show a similar linear relation but at a higher slope than f(j)/f(i). Experiments of precise point positioning have also been conducted using the nominal dual-frequency (L1 and L2) pseudorange and carrier phase data and the GNSS Inferred Positioning System and Orbit Analysis Simulation Software (GIPSY-OASIS, briefly GIPSY). Forward-only Kinematic positioning approaches are applied to both quiet and disturbed conditions in order to compare positioning performances. It is shown that the positioning error can increase significantly which is caused by phase data degradation due to scintillation. C1 [Pi, Xiaoqing; Iijima, Byron A.; Lu, Wenwen] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Pi, XQ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2014 BP 1090 EP 1100 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BC9DO UT WOS:000356331201032 ER PT J AU Shume, EB Komjathy, A Langley, RB Verkhoglyadova, O Butala, MD Mannucci, AJ AF Shume, Esayas B. Komjathy, Attila Langley, Richard B. Verkhoglyadova, Olga Butala, Mark D. Mannucci, Anthony J. GP Inst Navigat TI Phase Scintillation Estimates in the Polar Ionosphere Inferred from Radio Occultation on Board CASSIOPE: A Summary SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite-Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS) CY SEP 08-12, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div AB We report phase-scintillation estimates in the high-latitude ionosphere inferred from high-resolution radio occultation (RO) measurements using CASSIOPE - GPS satellite radio links. For December 1, 2013, RO phase measurements from GPS SVN 50, we have computed phase-scintillation estimates (in distance units) ranging from about 1 cm to 18 cm. The RO phase measurements were concurrent with the occurrence of geomagnetic storms, substorms, and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) southward conditions signifying the control of the plasma dynamics of the polar ionosphere by solar wind and magnetospheric drivers. Hence, the phase-scintillations were principally caused by plasma instabilities, which were driven by the storm and substorm conditions. The largest phase-scintillation values most likely correspond to RO measurements carried out over turbulent regions in the auroral oval during moderate substorms (with Auroral Electrojet Index of similar to 600 nT). C1 [Shume, Esayas B.; Komjathy, Attila; Verkhoglyadova, Olga; Butala, Mark D.; Mannucci, Anthony J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Komjathy, Attila; Langley, Richard B.] Univ New Brunswick, Geodet Res Lab, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. RP Shume, EB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Verkhoglyadova, Olga/0000-0002-9295-9539 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2014 BP 1138 EP 1141 PG 4 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BC9DO UT WOS:000356331201037 ER PT J AU Force, DA Heckler, GW AF Force, Dale A. Heckler, Gregory W. GP Inst Navigat TI The Use of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System for Near Lunar Navigation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite-Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS) CY SEP 08-12, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div AB Near lunar satellite, navigation poses many difficulties, due to the distance from the Earth, and especially due to the narrow baseline presented by the possible earth stations. These difficulties are particularly strong at the L1 and L2 Lagrange Points (EML1 and EML2), due to the low rate of divergence of position and velocity with time for different positions that are close to the Lagrange points. While the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS), run by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, was developed to provide tracking and data relay services for near Earth missions, TDRSS can also provide tracking and data relay services at lunar distances. Due to the much higher EIRP of the steerable antennas and the wider baseline TDRSS provides, TDRSS has advantages over GNSS at lunar distances. The Tracking and Data Relay Satellites each have two five meter single access bi-directional antennas which can be independently aimed and used (with some restrictions) to transmit and receive signals at the same time. Because of the ability to steer the antennas so far off nadir and the much higher Effective Isotropic Radiated Power, the Tracking and Data Relay Satellites can provide usable signals to near lunar spacecraft at much larger angles than global navigation satellites. This is the major source of the larger baselines that the Tracking and Data Relay Satellites can provide compared to global navigation satellites, although the higher altitude of the Tracking and Data Relay satellites (geosynchronous altitude instead of MEO). These satellites can provide a much larger baseline than can Earth based systems, especially in the East-West direction. Even in the North-South direction, the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System will typically provide considerably better baselines due to the Moon's orbital inclination and the orbital inclinations of the various TDRSS satellites. C1 [Force, Dale A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Heckler, Gregory W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Force, DA (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2014 BP 1469 EP 1472 PG 4 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BC9DO UT WOS:000356331202012 ER PT J AU Yang, YM Komjathy, A Meng, X Langley, RB Butala, MD Shume, EB Mannucci, AJ AF Yang, Y-M. (Oscar) Komjathy, A. Meng, X. Langley, R. B. Butala, M. D. Shume, E. B. Mannucci, A. J. GP Inst Navigat TI Space-Based Remote Sensing of Natural-Hazard-Induced Ionosphere-Thermosphere Perturbations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite-Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS) CY SEP 08-12, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div ID GRAVITY-WAVES; MODEL AB We present the first Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations of the ionosphere-thermosphere perturbations associated with upper atmosphere infrasound propagation induced by natural hazard events. Total electron content (TEC) and neutral air density perturbations retrieved from NASA's GRACE measurements have been found to be in good agreement with the results from a ground-based dense GPS network, infrasound array and seismic stations. Significant TEC fluctuations and air-density perturbations, up to 6% and 4% of ambient background values respectively, were observed at the GRACE orbital altitude 8 minutes after the arrival of the seismic and infrasound waves. Wavefront arrival times are consistent with the Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model (GITM) and infrasound ray-tracing modeling results. This is the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that natural-hazard-induced ionosphere-thermosphere perturbation signatures were measured directly at 450 km altitude. We envision that space-based neutral and electron density perturbations will be an important contributor in future early warning systems of natural hazards. C1 [Yang, Y-M. (Oscar); Komjathy, A.; Meng, X.; Butala, M. D.; Shume, E. B.; Mannucci, A. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Komjathy, A.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Geodesy & Geomat Engn, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. [Langley, R. B.] Univ New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. RP Yang, YM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2014 BP 1473 EP 1477 PG 5 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BC9DO UT WOS:000356331202013 ER PT J AU Kuang, D Desai, S Haines, B Sibthorpe, A AF Kuang, Da Desai, Shailen Haines, Bruce Sibthorpe, Anthony GP Inst Navigat TI Orbital Accelerometry by LEO GNSS Tracking: Theory and Practice SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite-Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS) CY SEP 08-12, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div ID GPS; CHAMP AB A Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite moves in space under the influence of various natural forces (including gravitational and nongravitational) and man-made forces such as thruster firing. LEO GNSS tracking measures the orbital motion of LEO satellites governed by all these forces. The availability of LEO GNSS tracking with good temporal and spatial coverage and with good resolution allows us to derive the perturbing acceleration produced by those forces with reasonably good quality. In fact, force parameters and/or acceleration time series estimates are part of the orbit solution in dynamic or reduced-dynamic orbit determination processes. However, the use of the orbital force estimates has not been typically as well explored as the orbital position estimates. In this paper we assess the accuracy of the accelerations that can be determined by LEO GNSS tracking data using the reduced-dynamic precise orbit determination (POD) method, and explore ways of utilizing the acceleration estimates from reduced-dynamic POD for satellite geodesy and Earth environment monitoring. By separating the effect of one leading perturbing source from others we can measure the individual accelerations produced by that particular source and subsequently extract the relevant underlying physical information from them. We provide three examples of the application (with the signal level of the perturbation ranging from high to low): automatic thruster firing detection, atmospheric drag measurement, and calibration of the accelerometer onboard the GRACE satellites. C1 [Kuang, Da; Desai, Shailen; Haines, Bruce; Sibthorpe, Anthony] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kuang, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2014 BP 1524 EP 1535 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BC9DO UT WOS:000356331202019 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JW Hassouneh, MA Winternitz, LM Valdez, JE Ray, PS Arzoumanian, Z Gendreau, KC AF Mitchell, Jason W. Hassouneh, Munther A. Winternitz, Luke M. Valdez, Jennifer E. Ray, Paul S. Arzoumanian, Zaven Gendreau, Keith C. GP Inst Navigat TI Station Explorer for X-ray Timing and Navigation Technology Architecture Overview SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite-Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS) CY SEP 08-12, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div ID MILLISECOND PULSAR AB The Station Explorer for X-ray Timing and Navigation Technology (SEXTANT) is a technology demonstration enhancement to the Neutron-star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) mission. NICER is a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) astrophysics Explorer Mission of Opportunity, scheduled for launch in mid-2016, that will be hosted on the International Space Station (ISS) via the ExPRESS Logistics Carrier (ELC). By exploiting the regular pulsations emitted by the ultra dense remnants of dead stars, which rotate many hundreds of times per second, SEXTANT will, for the first-time, demonstrate real-time, on-board X-ray pulsar-based navigation-a significant milestone in the quest to establish a Global Positioning System (GPS)-like navigation capability available throughout our Solar System and beyond-and include the world's first completely functional system architecture for navigation using X-ray pulsars. In addition, NICER/SEXTANT will investigate the suitability of these millisecond X-ray pulsars (MSPs) as a Solar System-wide timing infrastructure to rival terrestrial atomic clocks on long timescales. This paper provides a brief overview of the SEXTANT demonstration and the design of the system architecture that consists of the NICER X-ray timing instrument, the SEXTANT [GRAPHICS] flight software and algorithms, supporting ground system, and the GSFC X-ray Navigation Laboratory Testbed (GXLT). C1 [Mitchell, Jason W.; Hassouneh, Munther A.; Winternitz, Luke M.; Valdez, Jennifer E.; Arzoumanian, Zaven; Gendreau, Keith C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ray, Paul S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mitchell, JW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2014 BP 3194 EP 3200 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BC9DO UT WOS:000356331204029 ER PT J AU Sparks, L Altshuler, E AF Sparks, Lawrence Altshuler, Eric GP Inst Navigat TI Improving WAAS Availability Along the Coast of California SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite-Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS) CY SEP 08-12, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div AB The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) broadcasts information that allows users to bound the positioning error that arises from various sources, including, in particular, the ionospheric delay of signals emitted by Global Positioning System satellites. Loss of WAAS availability occurs locally when a WAAS user computes a horizontal or vertical protection limit that exceeds a specified maximum associated with a given navigation mode and level of service. Along the coast of California, availability is routinely found to be less than 100%, even under nominal ionospheric conditions. The largest contribution to the user's computed protection limit generally comes from the ionospheric threat model that protects the user from the adverse influence of delay estimation error due to undersampled ionospheric irregularities. This paper describes a methodology for improving WAAS availability over coastal regions, in particular California and Alaska, by making the ionospheric threat model dependent upon the overall level of ionospheric disturbance. To determine the local state of the ionosphere, we propose to introduce into WAAS a moderate storm detector. Threats that cause the moderate storm detector to trip are eliminated from the quiet-time branch of the ionospheric threat model. Using this quiet-time branch under nominal ionospheric conditions significantly reduces the magnitude of the users' computed protection limits, thereby dramatically improving WAAS availability. An analysis of WAAS data over the past three years indicates that the fraction of time in which the quiet-time threat model branch could have been used throughout the WAAS coverage region exceeds 99.94%. Adopting this branch substantially increases availability at the edges of coverage - the difference in availability achieved by implementing the moderate storm detector is found, at some ionospheric grid points, to be as much as 75%. The WAAS Integrity and Performance Panel has recommended to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) that this proposal be implemented in WAAS. C1 [Sparks, Lawrence] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Altshuler, Eric] Sequoia Res Corp, Torrance, CA USA. RP Sparks, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2014 BP 3299 EP 3311 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BC9DO UT WOS:000356331204041 ER PT S AU Guzman, C Castejon, P Onaindia, E Frank, J AF Guzman, Cesar Castejon, Pablo Onaindia, Eva Frank, Jeremy GP IEEE TI Robust Plan Execution in Multi-Agent Environments SO 2014 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ICTAI) SE Proceedings-International Conference on Tools With Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI) CY NOV 10-12, 2014 CL Limassol, CYPRUS SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Biolog & Artificial Intelligence Fdn, Austrian Airlines, Cyprus Tourism Org, Univ Cyprus DE multi-agent; reactive planner; dynamic execution; monitoring plan execution; reactive execution agent; coordination; unpredictable environment AB This paper presents a novel multi-agent reactive execution model that keeps track of the execution of an agent to recover from incoming failures. It is a domain-independent execution model, which can be exploited in any planning control application, embedded into a more general multi-agent planning framework. The multi-agent reactive execution model provides a mechanism allowing an agent to respond to failures that prevent completion of a task when another agent is not able to repair the failure by itself. The model exploits the reactive planning capabilities of agents to come up with a solution at runtime, thus preventing agents from having to resort to replanning. We show the application of the proposed model for the control of multiple autonomous space vehicles. C1 [Guzman, Cesar; Castejon, Pablo; Onaindia, Eva] Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Sistemas Informat & Computac, E-46022 Valencia, Spain. [Frank, Jeremy] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Guzman, C (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Sistemas Informat & Computac, E-46022 Valencia, Spain. EM cguzman@dsic.upv.es; pcastejon@dsic.upv.es; onaindia@dsic.upv.es; Jeremy.D.Frank@nasa.gov RI Onaindia, Eva/L-9594-2014; OI Onaindia, Eva/0000-0001-6931-8293; GUZMAN ALVAREZ, CESAR AUGUSTO/0000-0002-0552-0967 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1082-3409 J9 PROC INT C TOOLS ART PY 2014 BP 384 EP 391 DI 10.1109/ICTAI.2014.65 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD0MI UT WOS:000357384700055 ER PT J AU Parma, AM Sullivan, PJ Collie, J Hartley, TW Heyman, W Johnston, R Punt, AE Rose, KA Sanchirico, J Sissenwine, MP Sugihara, G Duce, RA Armbrust, EV Benitez-Nelson, C Boyle, EA Colwell, RR Cooksey, SW Cooper, CK Hallberg, R Halpern, D Knuth, BA Matsumoto, GI Murawski, SA Orcutt, JA Ozkan-Haller, HT Ramberg, SE Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Smith, MD Tyack, PL Walsh, D Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Parma, Ana M. Sullivan, Patrick J. Collie, Jeremy Hartley, Troy W. Heyman, William Johnston, Robert Punt, Andre E. Rose, Kenneth A. Sanchirico, James Sissenwine, Michael P. Sugihara, George Duce, Robert A. Armbrust, E. Virginia Benitez-Nelson, Claudia Boyle, Edward A. Colwell, Rita R. Cooksey, Sarah W. Cooper, Cortis K. Hallberg, Robert Halpern, David Knuth, Barbara A. Matsumoto, George I. Murawski, Steven A. Orcutt, John A. Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba Ramberg, Steven E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Smith, Martin D. Tyack, Peter L. Walsh, Don Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Evaluating Effectiveness Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Evaluating the Effectiveness of Fish Stock Rebuilding Plans in the United States Summary SO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISH STOCK REBUILDING PLANS IN THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MANAGEMENT STRATEGY EVALUATION; COMMUNITY-BASED CONSERVATION; BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS; SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; GEORGES-BANK HADDOCK; EASTERN BERING-SEA; DATA-POOR STOCKS; US WEST-COAST C1 [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. [Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Collie, Jeremy] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hartley, Troy W.] Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Heyman, William; Duce, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Johnston, Robert] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Armbrust, E. Virginia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sanchirico, James] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sissenwine, Michael P.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooper, Cortis K.] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Halpern, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Murawski, Steven A.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, Russia. [Orcutt, John A.; Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramberg, Steven E.] Penn State Appl Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA USA. [Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Walsh, Don] Int Maritime Inc, Myrtle Point, OR USA. [Wright, Dawn J.] Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. RP Parma, AM (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. NR 369 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-29230-6 PY 2014 BP 1 EP + PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BC9BJ UT WOS:000356270500001 ER PT J AU Parma, AM Sullivan, PJ Collie, J Hartley, TW Heyman, W Johnston, R Punt, AE Rose, KA Sanchirico, J Sissenwine, MP Sugihara, G Duce, RA Armbrust, EV Benitez-Nelson, C Boyle, EA Colwell, RR Cooksey, SW Cooper, CK Hallberg, R Halpern, D Knuth, BA Matsumoto, GI Murawski, SA Orcutt, JA Ozkan-Haller, HT Ramberg, SE Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Smith, MD Tyack, PL Walsh, D Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Parma, Ana M. Sullivan, Patrick J. Collie, Jeremy Hartley, Troy W. Heyman, William Johnston, Robert Punt, Andre E. Rose, Kenneth A. Sanchirico, James Sissenwine, Michael P. Sugihara, George Duce, Robert A. Armbrust, E. Virginia Benitez-Nelson, Claudia Boyle, Edward A. Colwell, Rita R. Cooksey, Sarah W. Cooper, Cortis K. Hallberg, Robert Halpern, David Knuth, Barbara A. Matsumoto, George I. Murawski, Steven A. Orcutt, John A. Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba Ramberg, Steven E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Smith, Martin D. Tyack, Peter L. Walsh, Don Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Evaluating Effectiveness Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Evaluating the Effectiveness of Fish Stock Rebuilding Plans in the United States Introduction SO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISH STOCK REBUILDING PLANS IN THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. [Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Collie, Jeremy] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hartley, Troy W.] Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Heyman, William; Duce, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Johnston, Robert] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Armbrust, E. Virginia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sanchirico, James] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sissenwine, Michael P.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooper, Cortis K.] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Halpern, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Murawski, Steven A.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, Russia. [Orcutt, John A.; Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramberg, Steven E.] Penn State Appl Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA USA. [Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Walsh, Don] Int Maritime Inc, Myrtle Point, OR USA. [Wright, Dawn J.] Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. RP Parma, AM (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-29230-6 PY 2014 BP 9 EP 13 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BC9BJ UT WOS:000356270500002 ER PT J AU Parma, AM Sullivan, PJ Collie, J Hartley, TW Heyman, W Johnston, R Punt, AE Rose, KA Sanchirico, J Sissenwine, MP Sugihara, G Duce, RA Armbrust, EV Benitez-Nelson, C Boyle, EA Colwell, RR Cooksey, SW Cooper, CK Hallberg, R Halpern, D Knuth, BA Matsumoto, GI Murawski, SA Orcutt, JA Ozkan-Haller, HT Ramberg, SE Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Smith, MD Tyack, PL Walsh, D Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Parma, Ana M. Sullivan, Patrick J. Collie, Jeremy Hartley, Troy W. Heyman, William Johnston, Robert Punt, Andre E. Rose, Kenneth A. Sanchirico, James Sissenwine, Michael P. Sugihara, George Duce, Robert A. Armbrust, E. Virginia Benitez-Nelson, Claudia Boyle, Edward A. Colwell, Rita R. Cooksey, Sarah W. Cooper, Cortis K. Hallberg, Robert Halpern, David Knuth, Barbara A. Matsumoto, George I. Murawski, Steven A. Orcutt, John A. Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba Ramberg, Steven E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Smith, Martin D. Tyack, Peter L. Walsh, Don Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Evaluating Effectiveness Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI US Fisheries Management and the Law SO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISH STOCK REBUILDING PLANS IN THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. [Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Collie, Jeremy] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hartley, Troy W.] Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Heyman, William; Duce, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Johnston, Robert] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Armbrust, E. Virginia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sanchirico, James] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sissenwine, Michael P.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooper, Cortis K.] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Halpern, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Murawski, Steven A.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, Russia. [Orcutt, John A.; Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramberg, Steven E.] Penn State Appl Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA USA. [Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Walsh, Don] Int Maritime Inc, Myrtle Point, OR USA. [Wright, Dawn J.] Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. RP Parma, AM (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-29230-6 PY 2014 BP 15 EP 28 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BC9BJ UT WOS:000356270500003 ER PT J AU Parma, AM Sullivan, PJ Collie, J Hartley, TW Heyman, W Johnston, R Punt, AE Rose, KA Sanchirico, J Sissenwine, MP Sugihara, G Duce, RA Armbrust, EV Benitez-Nelson, C Boyle, EA Colwell, RR Cooksey, SW Cooper, CK Hallberg, R Halpern, D Knuth, BA Matsumoto, GI Murawski, SA Orcutt, JA Ozkan-Haller, HT Ramberg, SE Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Smith, MD Tyack, PL Walsh, D Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Parma, Ana M. Sullivan, Patrick J. Collie, Jeremy Hartley, Troy W. Heyman, William Johnston, Robert Punt, Andre E. Rose, Kenneth A. Sanchirico, James Sissenwine, Michael P. Sugihara, George Duce, Robert A. Armbrust, E. Virginia Benitez-Nelson, Claudia Boyle, Edward A. Colwell, Rita R. Cooksey, Sarah W. Cooper, Cortis K. Hallberg, Robert Halpern, David Knuth, Barbara A. Matsumoto, George I. Murawski, Steven A. Orcutt, John A. Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba Ramberg, Steven E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Smith, Martin D. Tyack, Peter L. Walsh, Don Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Evaluating Effectiveness Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Review of Federally Implemented Rebuilding Plans SO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISH STOCK REBUILDING PLANS IN THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Review; Book Chapter C1 [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. [Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Collie, Jeremy] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hartley, Troy W.] Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Heyman, William; Duce, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Johnston, Robert] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Armbrust, E. Virginia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sanchirico, James] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sissenwine, Michael P.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooper, Cortis K.] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Halpern, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Murawski, Steven A.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, Russia. [Orcutt, John A.; Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramberg, Steven E.] Penn State Appl Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA USA. [Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Walsh, Don] Int Maritime Inc, Myrtle Point, OR USA. [Wright, Dawn J.] Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. RP Parma, AM (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-29230-6 PY 2014 BP 29 EP 60 PG 32 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BC9BJ UT WOS:000356270500004 ER PT J AU Parma, AM Sullivan, PJ Collie, J Hartley, TW Heyman, W Johnston, R Punt, AE Rose, KA Sanchirico, J Sissenwine, MP Sugihara, G Duce, RA Armbrust, EV Benitez-Nelson, C Boyle, EA Colwell, RR Cooksey, SW Cooper, CK Hallberg, R Halpern, D Knuth, BA Matsumoto, GI Murawski, SA Orcutt, JA Ozkan-Haller, HT Ramberg, SE Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Smith, MD Tyack, PL Walsh, D Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Parma, Ana M. Sullivan, Patrick J. Collie, Jeremy Hartley, Troy W. Heyman, William Johnston, Robert Punt, Andre E. Rose, Kenneth A. Sanchirico, James Sissenwine, Michael P. Sugihara, George Duce, Robert A. Armbrust, E. Virginia Benitez-Nelson, Claudia Boyle, Edward A. Colwell, Rita R. Cooksey, Sarah W. Cooper, Cortis K. Hallberg, Robert Halpern, David Knuth, Barbara A. Matsumoto, George I. Murawski, Steven A. Orcutt, John A. Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba Ramberg, Steven E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Smith, Martin D. Tyack, Peter L. Walsh, Don Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Evaluating Effectiveness Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Technical Considerations in Developing Rebuilding Plans SO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISH STOCK REBUILDING PLANS IN THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. [Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Collie, Jeremy] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hartley, Troy W.] Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Heyman, William; Duce, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Johnston, Robert] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Armbrust, E. Virginia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sanchirico, James] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sissenwine, Michael P.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooper, Cortis K.] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Halpern, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Murawski, Steven A.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, Russia. [Orcutt, John A.; Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramberg, Steven E.] Penn State Appl Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA USA. [Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Walsh, Don] Int Maritime Inc, Myrtle Point, OR USA. [Wright, Dawn J.] Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. RP Parma, AM (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-29230-6 PY 2014 BP 61 EP 84 PG 24 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BC9BJ UT WOS:000356270500005 ER PT J AU Parma, AM Sullivan, PJ Collie, J Hartley, TW Heyman, W Johnston, R Punt, AE Rose, KA Sanchirico, J Sissenwine, MP Sugihara, G Duce, RA Armbrust, EV Benitez-Nelson, C Boyle, EA Colwell, RR Cooksey, SW Cooper, CK Hallberg, R Halpern, D Knuth, BA Matsumoto, GI Murawski, SA Orcutt, JA Ozkan-Haller, HT Ramberg, SE Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Smith, MD Tyack, PL Walsh, D Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Parma, Ana M. Sullivan, Patrick J. Collie, Jeremy Hartley, Troy W. Heyman, William Johnston, Robert Punt, Andre E. Rose, Kenneth A. Sanchirico, James Sissenwine, Michael P. Sugihara, George Duce, Robert A. Armbrust, E. Virginia Benitez-Nelson, Claudia Boyle, Edward A. Colwell, Rita R. Cooksey, Sarah W. Cooper, Cortis K. Hallberg, Robert Halpern, David Knuth, Barbara A. Matsumoto, George I. Murawski, Steven A. Orcutt, John A. Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba Ramberg, Steven E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Smith, Martin D. Tyack, Peter L. Walsh, Don Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Evaluating Effectiveness Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Ecosystem Considerations SO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISH STOCK REBUILDING PLANS IN THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. [Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Collie, Jeremy] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hartley, Troy W.] Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Heyman, William; Duce, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Johnston, Robert] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Armbrust, E. Virginia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sanchirico, James] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sissenwine, Michael P.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooper, Cortis K.] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Halpern, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Murawski, Steven A.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, Russia. [Orcutt, John A.; Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramberg, Steven E.] Penn State Appl Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA USA. [Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Walsh, Don] Int Maritime Inc, Myrtle Point, OR USA. [Wright, Dawn J.] Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. RP Parma, AM (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-29230-6 PY 2014 BP 85 EP 96 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BC9BJ UT WOS:000356270500006 ER PT J AU Parma, AM Sullivan, PJ Collie, J Hartley, TW Heyman, W Johnston, R Punt, AE Rose, KA Sanchirico, J Sissenwine, MP Sugihara, G Duce, RA Armbrust, EV Benitez-Nelson, C Boyle, EA Colwell, RR Cooksey, SW Cooper, CK Hallberg, R Halpern, D Knuth, BA Matsumoto, GI Murawski, SA Orcutt, JA Ozkan-Haller, HT Ramberg, SE Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Smith, MD Tyack, PL Walsh, D Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Parma, Ana M. Sullivan, Patrick J. Collie, Jeremy Hartley, Troy W. Heyman, William Johnston, Robert Punt, Andre E. Rose, Kenneth A. Sanchirico, James Sissenwine, Michael P. Sugihara, George Duce, Robert A. Armbrust, E. Virginia Benitez-Nelson, Claudia Boyle, Edward A. Colwell, Rita R. Cooksey, Sarah W. Cooper, Cortis K. Hallberg, Robert Halpern, David Knuth, Barbara A. Matsumoto, George I. Murawski, Steven A. Orcutt, John A. Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba Ramberg, Steven E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Smith, Martin D. Tyack, Peter L. Walsh, Don Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Evaluating Effectiveness Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Human Dimensions of Rebuilding SO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISH STOCK REBUILDING PLANS IN THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. [Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Collie, Jeremy] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hartley, Troy W.] Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Heyman, William; Duce, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Johnston, Robert] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Armbrust, E. Virginia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sanchirico, James] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sissenwine, Michael P.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooper, Cortis K.] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Halpern, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Murawski, Steven A.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, Russia. [Orcutt, John A.; Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramberg, Steven E.] Penn State Appl Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA USA. [Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Walsh, Don] Int Maritime Inc, Myrtle Point, OR USA. [Wright, Dawn J.] Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. RP Parma, AM (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-29230-6 PY 2014 BP 97 EP 118 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BC9BJ UT WOS:000356270500007 ER PT J AU Parma, AM Sullivan, PJ Collie, J Hartley, TW Heyman, W Johnston, R Punt, AE Rose, KA Sanchirico, J Sissenwine, MP Sugihara, G Duce, RA Armbrust, EV Benitez-Nelson, C Boyle, EA Colwell, RR Cooksey, SW Cooper, CK Hallberg, R Halpern, D Knuth, BA Matsumoto, GI Murawski, SA Orcutt, JA Ozkan-Haller, HT Ramberg, SE Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Smith, MD Tyack, PL Walsh, D Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Parma, Ana M. Sullivan, Patrick J. Collie, Jeremy Hartley, Troy W. Heyman, William Johnston, Robert Punt, Andre E. Rose, Kenneth A. Sanchirico, James Sissenwine, Michael P. Sugihara, George Duce, Robert A. Armbrust, E. Virginia Benitez-Nelson, Claudia Boyle, Edward A. Colwell, Rita R. Cooksey, Sarah W. Cooper, Cortis K. Hallberg, Robert Halpern, David Knuth, Barbara A. Matsumoto, George I. Murawski, Steven A. Orcutt, John A. Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba Ramberg, Steven E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Smith, Martin D. Tyack, Peter L. Walsh, Don Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Evaluating Effectiveness Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Looking Forward SO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISH STOCK REBUILDING PLANS IN THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. [Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Collie, Jeremy] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hartley, Troy W.] Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Heyman, William; Duce, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Johnston, Robert] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Armbrust, E. Virginia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sanchirico, James] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sissenwine, Michael P.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooper, Cortis K.] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Halpern, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Murawski, Steven A.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, Russia. [Orcutt, John A.; Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramberg, Steven E.] Penn State Appl Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA USA. [Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Walsh, Don] Int Maritime Inc, Myrtle Point, OR USA. [Wright, Dawn J.] Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. RP Parma, AM (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-29230-6 PY 2014 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BC9BJ UT WOS:000356270500008 ER PT S AU Jenniskens, P Gural, P Berdeu, A AF Jenniskens, P. Gural, P. Berdeu, A. BE Jopek, T Rietmeijer, FJM Watanabe, J Williams, IP TI CAMSS: A spectroscopic survey of meteoroid elemental abundances SO METEOROIDS 2013 SE Fizyka-Uniwersytet im Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Meteoroids Conference CY AUG 26-30, 2013 CL Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Poznan, POLAND SP Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Phys, Fundacja Uniwersytetu Adama Mickiewicza Poznaniu HO Adam Mickiewicz Univ DE meteoroids; video spectroscopy of meteors ID FIREBALL SPECTRUM; CAMERAS; ORBITS; ORIGIN AB The main element abundances (Mg, Fe, Na, ...) of some Near Earth Objects can be measured by meteor spectroscopy. The Cameras for All-sky Meteor Surveillance (CAMS) Spectrograph project aims to scale up meteor spectroscopy in the same way as CAMS scaled up the measurement of precise meteoroid trajectories from multistation video observations. Spectra are recorded with sixteen low-light video cameras, each equipped with a high 1379 lincs/mm objective transmission grating. The cameras are operated in survey mode and have recorded spectra in the San Francisco Bay Area every clear night since March 12, 2013. An interactive software tool is being developed to calibrate the wavelength alignments projected on the focal plane and extract the meteor spectra. Because the meteoroid trajectory and pre-atmospheric orbit are also independently measured, the absolute abundances of elements in the meteoroid plasma can be calculated as a function of altitude, while the orbital information can tie the meteoroid back to its parent object. C1 [Jenniskens, P.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Gural, P.] Leidos, Chantily, VA 20151 USA. [Berdeu, A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ames Explorat Acad, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. SAE Supaero, F-31400 Toulouse, France. RP Jenniskens, P (reprint author), SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM petrus.m.jenniskens@nasa.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WYDAWNICTWO NAUKOWE UAM, PI POZNAN PA UL FREDRY 10, POZNAN, 61-701, POLAND SN 0554-825X BN 978-83-232-2726-7 J9 FIZ UNIW ADAM MICK PY 2014 IS 86 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BD0DZ UT WOS:000357092100014 ER PT J AU Holloway, CM Knight, JC McDermid, JA AF Holloway, C. Michael Knight, John C. McDermid, John A. GP IEEE TI Neither Pollyanna nor Chicken Little Thoughts on the Ethics of Automation SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ETHICS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering CY MAY 23-24, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE DE ethics; automation; argument; safety case; aviation AB The terms Pollyanna and Chicken Little are used as caricatures for those who are relentlessly positive and those who, in contrast, see problems in everything. Many opinions about automation in aviation tend to reflect these contrasting viewpoints. In this paper we propose the introduction of an ethical safety case as a means to reconcile these views by clearly articulating ethical issues involved in automation. C1 [Holloway, C. Michael] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Knight, John C.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [McDermid, John A.] Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Holloway, CM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4992-2 PY 2014 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ethics; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Computer Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics; History & Philosophy of Science GA BC9DX UT WOS:000356362200029 ER PT J AU Rozier, KY Rozier, EWD AF Rozier, Kristin Yvonne Rozier, Eric W. D. GP IEEE TI Reproducibility, Correctness, and Buildability: the Three Principles for Ethical Public Dissemination of Computer Science and Engineering Research SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ETHICS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering CY MAY 23-24, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE ID PRIVACY AB We propose a system of three principles of public dissemination, which we call reproducibility, correctness, and buildability, and make the argument that consideration of these principles is a necessary step when publicly disseminating results in any evidence-based scientific or engineering endeavor. We examine how these principles apply to the release and disclosure of the four elements associated with computer science research: theory, algorithms, code, and data. Reproducibility refers to the capability to reproduce fundamental results from released details. Correctness refers to the ability of an independent reviewer to verify and validate the results of a paper. We introduce the new term buildability to indicate the ability of other researchers to use the published research as a foundation for their own new work. This is more broad than extensibility, as it requires that the published results have reached a level of completeness that the research can be used for its stated purpose, and has progressed beyond the level of a preliminary idea. We argue that these three principles are not being sufficiently met by current publications and proposals in computer science and engineering, and represent a goal for which publishing should continue to aim. We introduce standards for the evaluation of reproducibility, correctness, and buildability in relation to the varied elements of computer science research and discuss how they apply to proposals, workshops, conferences, and journal publications, making arguments for appropriate standards of each principle in these settings. We address modern issues including big data, data confidentiality, privacy, security, and privilege. Our examination raises questions for discussion in the community on the appropriateness of publishing works that fail to meet one, some, or all of the stated principles. C1 [Rozier, Kristin Yvonne] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rozier, Eric W. D.] Univ Miami, Elect & Comp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. RP Rozier, KY (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Kristin.Y.Rozier@nasa.gov; erozier2@ieee.org NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4992-2 PY 2014 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ethics; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Computer Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics; History & Philosophy of Science GA BC9DX UT WOS:000356362200012 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Lee, C Xiao, S Votava, P Lee, TJ Nemani, R Foster, I AF Zhang, Jia Lee, Chris Xiao, Sean Votava, Petr Lee, Tsengdar J. Nemani, Ramakrishna Foster, Ian GP IEEE TI A Community-Driven Workflow Recommendations and Reuse Infrastructure SO 2014 IEEE 8TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SERVICE ORIENTED SYSTEM ENGINEERING (SOSE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Symposium on Service Oriented System Engineering (SOSE) CY APR 07-11, 2014 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc AB NASA Earth Exchange (NEX) aims to provide a platform to enable and facilitate scientific collaboration and knowledge sharing in the Earth sciences, as current satellite measurements rapidly magnify the accumulation of more than 40 years of NASA datasets. One of the main objectives of NEX is to help Earth scientists leverage and reuse various data processing software modules developed by their peers, in order to quickly run value-added executable experiments (workflows). Toward this goal, this paper reports our efforts of leveraging social network analysis to intelligently extract hidden information from data processing workflows. By modeling Earth science workflow modules as social entities and their dependencies as social relationships, this research opens up new vistas for applying social science to facilitate software reuse and distributed workflow development. As a proof of concept, a prototyping system has been developed as a plug-in to the NEX workflow design and management system (VisTrails) to aid Earth scientists in discovering and reusing workflow modules and extending them to solve more complex science problems. C1 [Zhang, Jia; Lee, Chris; Xiao, Sean] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Lee, Chris; Nemani, Ramakrishna] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. [Lee, Tsengdar J.] NASA Headquarters, Sci Miss Directorate, Mountain View, CA USA. [Foster, Ian] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Foster, Ian] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM jia.zhang@sv.cmu.edu; chris.lee@sv.cmu.edu; petr.votava@nasa.gov; tsengdar.j.lee@nasa.gov; rama.nemani@nasa.gov; foster@mcs.anl.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3616-8 PY 2014 BP 162 EP 172 DI 10.1109/SOSE.2014.23 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BC8UZ UT WOS:000356137500019 ER PT S AU Scardelletti, MC Ponchak, GE Harsh, K Mackey, JA Meredith, RD Zorman, CA Beheim, GM Dynys, FW Hunter, GW AF Scardelletti, Maximilian C. Ponchak, George E. Harsh, Kevin Mackey, Jonathan A. Meredith, Roger D. Zorman, Christian A. Beheim, Glenn M. Dynys, Frederick W. Hunter, Gary W. GP IEEE TI Wireless Capacitive Pressure Sensor Operating up to 400 degrees C from 0 to 100 psi Utilizing Power Scavenging SO 2014 IEEE TOPICAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS SENSORS AND SENSOR NETWORKS (WISNET) SE IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks (WiSNet) CY JAN 19-23, 2014 CL Newport Beach, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc, SONNET DE Capacitive pressure sensor; wireless transmission; high temperature; SiC; Oscillator AB In this paper, a wireless capacitive pressure sensor developed for the health monitoring of aircraft engines has been demonstrated. The sensing system is composed of a Clapp-type oscillator that operates at 131 MHz. The Clapp oscillator is fabricated on an alumina substrate and consists of a Cree SiC MESFET, thin film inductor, Compex chip capacitors and Sporian Microsystem capacitive pressure sensor. The resonant tank circuit within the oscillator is made up of the pressure sensor and a spiral thin film inductor, which is used to magnetically couple the wireless pressure sensor signal to a coil antenna placed over 1 meter away. 75% of the power used to bias the sensing system is generated from thermoelectric power modules. The wireless pressure sensor is operational at room temperature through 400 degrees C from 0 to 100 psi and exhibits a frequency shift of over 600 kHz. C1 [Scardelletti, Maximilian C.; Ponchak, George E.; Mackey, Jonathan A.; Meredith, Roger D.; Beheim, Glenn M.; Dynys, Frederick W.; Hunter, Gary W.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Harsh, Kevin] Sporian Microsyst, Lafayette, CO USA. [Zorman, Christian A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Scardelletti, MC (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. OI Mackey, Jonathan/0000-0003-1053-7007 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2330-7900 BN 978-1-4799-2182-9 J9 IEEE TOPIC CONF WIRE PY 2014 BP 34 EP 36 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BC8PS UT WOS:000355990300012 ER PT S AU Ponchak, GE Scardelletti, MC Taylor, B Beard, S Clougherty, B Meredith, RD Beheim, GM Kiefer, WS Hunter, GW AF Ponchak, George E. Scardelletti, Maximilian C. Taylor, Brandt Beard, Steve Clougherty, Brian Meredith, Roger D. Beheim, Glenn M. Kiefer, Walter S. Hunter, Gary W. GP IEEE TI Wireless Seismometer for Venus SO 2014 IEEE TOPICAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS SENSORS AND SENSOR NETWORKS (WISNET) SE IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks (WiSNet) CY JAN 19-23, 2014 CL Newport Beach, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc, SONNET DE Wireless Sensor; Seismometer; oscillator; high temperature circuits ID SURFACE AB Measuring the seismic activity of Venus is critical to understanding its composition and interior dynamics. Because Venus has an average surface temperature of 462 degrees C and the challenge of providing cooling to multiple seismometers, a high temperature, wireless sensor using a wide bandgap semiconductor is an attractive option. This paper presents progress towards a seismometer sensor with wireless capabilities for Venus applications. A variation in inductance of a coil caused by a 1 cm movement of a ferrite probe held in the coil and attached to a balanced leaf-spring seismometer causes a variation of 80 MHz in the transmitted signal from the oscillator/sensor system at 420 degrees C, which correlates to a 10 kHz/mm sensitivity when the ferrite probe is located at the optimum location in the coil. C1 [Ponchak, George E.; Scardelletti, Maximilian C.; Meredith, Roger D.; Beheim, Glenn M.; Hunter, Gary W.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Taylor, Brandt; Beard, Steve; Clougherty, Brian] INPROX Technol Corp, Boston, MA 02109 USA. [Kiefer, Walter S.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Ponchak, GE (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. OI Kiefer, Walter/0000-0001-6741-5460 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2330-7900 BN 978-1-4799-2182-9 J9 IEEE TOPIC CONF WIRE PY 2014 BP 40 EP 42 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BC8PS UT WOS:000355990300014 ER PT J AU Kanan, C AF Kanan, Christopher GP IEEE TI Fine-Grained Object Recognition with Gnostic Fields SO 2014 IEEE WINTER CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER VISION (WACV) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) CY MAR 24-26, 2014 CL Steamboat Springs, CO SP IEEE ID FACE RECOGNITION; CORTEX; EXPERTISE; BRAIN; CELLS AB Much object recognition research is concerned with basic-level classification, in which objects differ greatly in visual shape and appearance, e.g., desk vs duck. In contrast, fine-grained classification involves recognizing objects at a subordinate level, e.g., Wood duck vs Mallard duck. At the basic-level objects tend to differ greatly in shape and appearance, but these differences are usually much more subtle at the subordinate level, making fine-grained classification especially challenging. In this work, we show that Gnostic Fields, a brain-inspired model of object categorization, excel at fine-grained recognition. Gnostic Fields exceeded state-of-the-art methods on benchmark bird classification and dog breed recognition datasets, achieving a relative improvement on the Caltech-UCSD Bird-200 (CUB-200) dataset of 30.5% over the state-of-the-art and a 25.5% relative improvement on the Stanford Dogs dataset. We also demonstrate that Gnostic Fields can be sped up, enabling real-time classification in less than 70 ms per image. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kanan, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ckanan@caltech.edu NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2014 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC8WG UT WOS:000356144800007 ER PT S AU Ammons, SM Neichel, B Lu, J Gavel, DT Srinath, S McGurk, R Rudy, A Rockosi, C Marois, C Macintosh, B Savransky, D Galicher, R Bendek, E Guyon, O Marin, E Garrel, V Sivo, G AF Ammons, S. Mark Neichel, Benoit Lu, Jessica Gavel, Donald T. Srinath, Srikar McGurk, Rosalie Rudy, Alex Rockosi, Connie Marois, Christian Macintosh, Bruce Savransky, Dmitry Galicher, Raphael Bendek, Eduardo Guyon, Olivier Marin, Eduardo Garrel, Vincent Sivo, Gaetano BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI A Measurement of the Systematic Astrometric Error in GeMS and the Short-Term Astrometric Precision in ShaneAO SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE astrometry; adaptive optics; multi-conjugate; tomography; M92; NGC 1851; brown dwarf ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS AB We measure the long-term systematic component of the astrometric error in the GeMS MCAO system as a function of field radius and Ks magnitude. The experiment uses two epochs of observations of NGC 1851 separated by one month. The systematic component is estimated for each of three field of view cases (15'' radius, 30'' radius, and full field) and each of three distortion correction schemes: 8 DOF/chip + local distortion correction (LDC), 8 DOF/chip with no LDC, and 4 DOF/chip with no LDC. For bright, unsaturated stars with 13 < Ks < 16, the systematic component is < 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mas, respectively, for the 15'' radius, 30'' radius, and full field cases, provided that an 8 DOF/chip distortion correction with LDC (for the full-field case) is used to correct distortions. An 8 DOF/chip distortion-correction model always outperforms a 4 DOF/chip model, at all field positions and magnitudes and for all field-of-view cases, indicating the presence of high-order distortion changes. Given the order of the models needed to correct these distortions (similar to 8 DOF/chip or 32 degrees of freedom total), it is expected that at least 25 stars per square arcminute would be needed to keep systematic errors at less than 0.3 milliarcseconds for multi-year programs. We also estimate the short-term astrometric precision of the newly upgraded Shane AO system with undithered M92 observations. Using a 6-parameter linear transformation to register images, the system delivers similar to 0.3 mas astrometric error over short-term observations of 2-3 minutes. C1 [Ammons, S. Mark] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Neichel, Benoit] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Lu, Jessica] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Gavel, Donald T.; Srinath, Srikar; McGurk, Rosalie; Rudy, Alex; Rockosi, Connie] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Marois, Christian] Natl Res Council Canada, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Macintosh, Bruce] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Galicher, Raphael] UPMC, CNRS, LESIA, Observ Paris, Meudon, France. [Bendek, Eduardo] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Guyon, Olivier] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Neichel, Benoit; Marin, Eduardo; Garrel, Vincent; Sivo, Gaetano] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. RP Ammons, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ammons1@llnl.gov RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014; OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Lu, Jessica/0000-0001-9611-0009 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 91481J DI 10.1117/12.2057233 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800045 ER PT S AU Baranec, C Dekany, RG Burruss, RS Bowler, BP van Dam, M Riddle, R Shelton, JC Truong, T Roberts, J Milburn, J Tesch, J AF Baranec, Christoph Dekany, Richard G. Burruss, Rick S. Bowler, Brendan P. van Dam, Marcos Riddle, Reed Shelton, J. Christopher Tuan Truong Roberts, Jennifer Milburn, Jennifer Tesch, Jonathan BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI PULSE: The Palomar Ultraviolet Laser for the Study of Exoplanets SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE adaptive optics; lasers; extreme; visible-light; exoplanets; guide stars ID INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROGRAPH; WAVE-FRONT SENSOR; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; STAR; SYSTEMS; MASS; INTERFEROMETRY; CONSTRAINTS; TELESCOPE; PLANETS AB The Palomar Ultraviolet Laser for the Study of Exoplanets (PULSE) will dramatically expand the science reach of PALM-3000, the facility high-contrast extreme adaptive optics system on the 5-meter Hale Telescope. By using an ultraviolet laser to measure the dominant high spatial and temporal order turbulence near the telescope aperture, one can increase the limiting natural guide star magnitude for exquisite correction from m(V) < 10 to m(V) < 16. Providing the highest near-infrared Strehl ratios from any large telescope laser adaptive optics system, PULSE uniquely enables spectroscopy of low-mass and more distant young exoplanet systems, essential to formulating a complete picture of exoplanet populations. C1 [Baranec, Christoph] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Dekany, Richard G.; Riddle, Reed; Milburn, Jennifer] CALTECH, Natl Opt Astron Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Burruss, Rick S.; Shelton, J. Christopher; Tuan Truong; Roberts, Jennifer; Tesch, Jonathan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bowler, Brendan P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [van Dam, Marcos] Flat Wavefronts, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. RP Baranec, C (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM baranec@hawaii.edu NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 91481D DI 10.1117/12.2055351 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800041 ER PT S AU Brandt, TD McElwain, MW Janson, M Knapp, GR Mede, K Limbach, MA Groff, T Burrows, A Gunn, JE Guyon, O Hashimoto, J Hayashi, M Jovanovic, N Kasdin, NJ Kuzuhara, M Lupton, RH Martinache, F Sorahana, S Spiegel, DS Takato, N Tamura, M Turner, EL Vanderbei, R Wisniewski, J AF Brandt, Timothy D. McElwain, Michael W. Janson, Markus Knapp, Gillian R. Mede, Kyle Limbach, Mary Anne Groff, Tyler Burrows, Adam Gunn, James E. Guyon, Olivier Hashimoto, Jun Hayashi, Masahiko Jovanovic, Nemanja Kasdin, N. Jeremy Kuzuhara, Masayuki Lupton, Robert H. Martinache, Frantz Sorahana, Satoko Spiegel, David S. Takato, Naruhisa Tamura, Motohide Turner, Edwin L. Vanderbei, Robert Wisniewski, John BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI CHARTS Science: Performance Simulations for the Subaru Telescope's Third-Generation of Exoplanet Imaging Instrumentation SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE Exoplanets; Integral Field Spectrograph; High Contrast Imaging; Adaptive Optics; Coronagraphy ID VERY-LOW MASS; SUN-LIKE STAR; PROTOPLANETARY DISK; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; KINEMATIC GROUPS; GJ 504; ATMOSPHERE; DISCOVERY; COMPANION; SEARCH AB We describe the expected scientific capabilities of CHARTS, a high-contrast integral-field spectrograph (IFS) currently under construction for the Subaru telescope. CHARTS is part of a new generation of instruments, enabled by extreme adaptive optics (AO) systems (including SCExAO at Subaru), that promise greatly improved contrasts at small angular separation thanks to their ability to use spectral information to distinguish planets from quasistatic speckles in the stellar point-spread function (PSF). CHARTS is similar in concept to GPI and SPHERE, on Gemini South and the Very Large Telescope, respectively, but will be unique in its ability to simultaneously cover the entire near-infrared J, H, and K bands with a low-resolution mode. This extraordinarily broad wavelength coverage will enable spectral differential imaging down to angular separations of a few lambda/D, corresponding to similar to 0 ''.1. SCExAO will also offer contrast approaching 10(-5) at similar separations, similar to 0 ''.1-0 ''.2. The discovery yield of a CHARTS survey will depend on the exoplanet distribution function at around 10 AU. If the distribution of planets discovered by radial velocity surveys extends unchanged to similar to 20 AU, observations of similar to 200 mostly young, nearby stars targeted by existing high-contrast instruments might find similar to 1-3 planets. Carefully optimizing the target sample could improve this yield by a factor of a few, while an upturn in frequency at a few AU could also increase the number of detections. CHARTS, with a higher spectral resolution mode of R similar to 75, will also be among the best instruments to characterize planets and brown dwarfs like HR 8799 cde and kappa And b. C1 [Brandt, Timothy D.; Spiegel, David S.] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [McElwain, Michael W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Janson, Markus] Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Knapp, Gillian R.; Limbach, Mary Anne; Groff, Tyler; Burrows, Adam; Gunn, James E.; Kasdin, N. Jeremy; Lupton, Robert H.; Turner, Edwin L.; Vanderbei, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mede, Kyle; Tamura, Motohide] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Guyon, Olivier; Martinache, Frantz; Takato, Naruhisa] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Guyon, Olivier] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Hashimoto, Jun; Wisniewski, John] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hayashi, Masahiko; Kuzuhara, Masayuki; Tamura, Motohide] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo, Japan. [Kuzuhara, Masayuki] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. [Martinache, Frantz] Observ Cote Azur, Lab Lagrange, F-06003 Nice, France. [Sorahana, Satoko] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Turner, Edwin L.] Univ Tokyo, Kavli IPMU WPI, Tokyo, Japan. RP Brandt, TD (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM tbrandt@ias.edu NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 914849 DI 10.1117/12.2057256 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800129 ER PT S AU Burruss, RS Dekany, RG Roberts, JE Shelton, JC Wallace, JK Tesch, JA Palmer, DL Hale, D Bartos, R Rykoski, KM Heffner, CM Eriksen, JE Vescelus, F AF Burruss, Rick S. Dekany, Richard G. Roberts, Jennifer E. Shelton, J. Chris Wallace, J. Kent Tesch, Jonathan A. Palmer, Dean L. Hale, David Bartos, Randall Rykoski, Kevin M. Heffner, Carolyn M. Eriksen, Jamey E. Vescelus, Fred BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI Status of the PALM-3000 high order adaptive optics instrument SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE adaptive optics; Palomar; PALM-3000; P3K; wavefront sensing AB We report on the status of PALM-3000, the second generation adaptive optics instrument for the 5.1 meter Hale telescope at Palomar Observatory. PALM-3000 was released as a facility class instrument in October 2011, and has since been used on the Hale telescope a total of over 250 nights. In the past year, the PALM-3000 team introduced several instrument upgrades, including the release of the 32x32 pupil sampling mode which allows for correction on fainter guide stars, the upgrade of wavefront sensor relay optics, the diagnosis and repair of hardware problems, and the release of software improvements. We describe the performance of the PALM-3000 instrument as a result of these upgrades, and provide on-sky results. In the 32x32 pupil sampling mode (15.8 cm per subaperture), we have achieved K-band strehl ratios as high as 11% on a 14.4 mv star, and in the 64x64 pupil sampling mode (8.1 cm per subaperture), we have achieved K-band strehl ratios as high as 86% on stars brighter than 7th mv. C1 [Burruss, Rick S.; Roberts, Jennifer E.; Shelton, J. Chris; Wallace, J. Kent; Tesch, Jonathan A.; Palmer, Dean L.; Bartos, Randall; Vescelus, Fred] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Dekany, Richard G.; Hale, David] CALTECH, Caltech Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rykoski, Kevin M.; Heffner, Carolyn M.; Eriksen, Jamey E.] CALTECH, Palomar Observ, Palomar Mt, CA 92060 USA. RP Burruss, RS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 914827 DI 10.1117/12.2055538 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800066 ER PT S AU Defrere, D Absil, O Hinz, P Kuhn, J Mawet, D Mennesson, B Skemer, A Wallace, K Bailey, V Downey, E Delacroix, C Durney, O Forsberg, P Gomez, C Habraken, S Hoffmann, WF Karlsson, M Kenworthy, M Leisenring, J Montoya, M Pueyo, L Skrutskie, M Surdej, J AF Defrere, D. Absil, O. Hinz, P. Kuhn, J. Mawet, D. Mennesson, B. Skemer, A. Wallace, K. Bailey, V. Downey, E. Delacroix, C. Durney, O. Forsberg, P. Gomez, C. Habraken, S. Hoffmann, W. F. Karlsson, M. Kenworthy, M. Leisenring, J. Montoya, M. Pueyo, L. Skrutskie, M. Surdej, J. BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI L'-band AGPM vector vortex coronagraph's first light on LBTI/LMIRCam SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE LBT; Adaptive Optics; coronagraphy; vortex phase mask; HR8799 AB We present the first observations obtained with the L'-band AGPM vortex coronagraph recently installed on LBTI/LMIRCam. The AGPM (Annular Groove Phase Mask) is a vector vortex coronagraph made from diamond subwavelength gratings. It is designed to improve the sensitivity and dynamic range of high-resolution imaging at very small inner working angles, down to 0.09 arcseconds in the case of LBTI/LMIRCam in the L' band. During the first hours on sky, we observed the young A5V star HR8799 with the goal to demonstrate the AGPM performance and assess its relevance for the ongoing LBTI planet survey (LEECH). Preliminary analyses of the data reveal the four known planets clearly at high SNR and provide unprecedented sensitivity limits in the inner planetary system (down to the diffraction limit of 0.09 arcseconds). C1 [Defrere, D.; Hinz, P.; Skemer, A.; Bailey, V.; Downey, E.; Durney, O.; Hoffmann, W. F.; Leisenring, J.; Montoya, M.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Absil, O.; Delacroix, C.; Gomez, C.; Habraken, S.; Surdej, J.] Univ Liege, Dept Astrophys Geophys & Oceanog, B-4000 Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium. [Kuhn, J.; Mennesson, B.; Wallace, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mawet, D.] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. [Forsberg, P.; Karlsson, M.] Uppsala Univ, Angstrom Lab, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. [Kenworthy, M.] Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Pueyo, L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Skrutskie, M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Defrere, D (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ddefrere@email.arizona.edu OI Skemer, Andrew/0000-0001-6098-3924; Delacroix, Christian/0000-0003-0150-4430; Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-5407-2806 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 91483X DI 10.1117/12.2057205 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800118 ER PT S AU Hartung, M Macintosh, B Langlois, P Sadakuni, N Gavel, D Wallace, JK Palmer, D Poyneer, L Savransky, D Thomas, S Dillon, D Dunn, J Hibon, P Rantakyro, F Goodsell, S AF Hartung, Markus Macintosh, Bruce Langlois, Paul Sadakuni, Naru Gavel, Don Wallace, J. Kent Palmer, Dave Poyneer, Lisa Savransky, Dmitry Thomas, Sandrine Dillon, Darren Dunn, Jennifer Hibon, Pascal Rantakyro, Fredrik Goodsell, Stephen BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI On-sky low order non-common path correction of the GPI Calibration Unit SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE High contrast imaging; non-common path aberrations AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) entered on-sky commissioning phase, and had its First Light at the Gemini South telescope in November 2013. Meanwhile, the fast loops for atmospheric correction of the Extreme Adaptive Optics (XAO) system have been closed on many dozen stars at different magnitudes (1=4-8), elevation angles and a variety of seeing conditions, and a stable loop performance was achieved from the beginning. Ultimate contrast performance requires a very low residual wavefront error (design goal 60 nm RMS), and optimization of the planet finding instrument on different ends has just begun to deepen and widen its dark hole region. Laboratory raw contrast benchmarks are in the order of 10(-6) or smaller. In the telescope environment and in standard operations new challenges are faced (changing gravity, temperature, vibrations) that are tackled by a variety of techniques such as Kalman filtering, open-loop models to keep alignment to within 5 mas, speckle nulling, and a calibration unit (CAL). The CAL unit was especially designed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to control slowly varying wavefront errors at the focal plane of the apodized Lyot coronagraph by the means of two wavefront sensors: 1) a 7x7 low order Shack-Hartmann SH wavefront sensor (LOWFS), and 2) a special Mach-Zehnder interferometer for mid-order spatial frequencies (HOWFS) - atypical in that the beam is split in the focal plane via a pinhole but recombined in the pupil plane with a beamsplitter. The original design goal aimed for sensing and correcting on a level of a few nm which is extremely challenging in a telescope environment. This paper focuses on non-common path low order wavefront correction as achieved through the CAL unit on sky. We will present the obtained results as well as explain challenges that we are facing. C1 [Hartung, Markus; Langlois, Paul; Sadakuni, Naru; Hibon, Pascal; Rantakyro, Fredrik; Goodsell, Stephen] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Macintosh, Bruce] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Gavel, Don; Dillon, Darren] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wallace, J. Kent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Palmer, Dave; Poyneer, Lisa] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine] NASA Ames, Mountain View, CA USA. [Dunn, Jennifer] Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Hartung, M (reprint author), Gemini Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile. EM mhartung@gemini.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR UNSP 91485Q DI 10.1117/12.2056661 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800175 ER PT S AU Hartung, M Hayward, T Saddlemyer, L Poyneer, L Cardwell, A Cavedoni, C Cho, M Chilcote, JK Collins, P Dillon, D Galvez, R Gausachs, G Goodsell, S Guesalaga, A Hibon, P Larkin, J Macintosh, B Palmer, D Sadakuni, N Savransky, D Serio, A Rantakyro, F Wallace, K AF Hartung, Markus Hayward, Tom Saddlemyer, Les Poyneer, Lisa Cardwell, Andrew Cavedoni, Chas Cho, Myung Chilcote, Jeffrey K. Collins, Paul Dillon, Darren Galvez, Ramon Gausachs, Gaston Goodsell, Stephen Guesalaga, Andres Hibon, Pascal Larkin, James Macintosh, Bruce Palmer, Dave Sadakuni, Naru Savransky, Dmitry Serio, Andrew Rantakyro, Fredrik Wallace, Kent BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI On-sky vibration environment for the Gemini Planet Imager and mitigation effort SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE High-contrast imaging; vibration absorbers; LQG; Kalman filter; telescope vibrations AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) entered on-sky commissioning and had its first-light at the Gemini South (GS) telescope in November 2013. GPI is an extreme adaptive optics (XAO), high-contrast imager and integral-field spectrograph dedicated to the direct detection of hot exo-planets down to a Jupiter mass. The performance of the apodized pupil Lyot coronagraph depends critically upon the residual wavefront error (design goal of 60nmRMS with <5 mas RMS tip/tilt), and therefore is most sensitive to vibration (internal or external) of Gemini's instrument suite. Excess vibration can be mitigated by a variety of methods such as passive or active dampening at the instrument or telescope structure or Kalman filtering of specific frequencies with the AO control loop. Understanding the sources, magnitudes and impact of vibration is key to mitigation. This paper gives an overview of related investigations based on instrument data (GPI AO module) as well as external data from accelerometer sensors placed at different locations on the GS telescope structure. We report the status of related mitigation efforts, and present corresponding results. C1 [Hartung, Markus; Hayward, Tom; Cardwell, Andrew; Collins, Paul; Galvez, Ramon; Gausachs, Gaston; Hibon, Pascal; Sadakuni, Naru; Savransky, Dmitry; Serio, Andrew; Rantakyro, Fredrik] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Saddlemyer, Les] Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Poyneer, Lisa; Palmer, Dave] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Cavedoni, Chas; Goodsell, Stephen] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI USA. [Cho, Myung] Natl Opt Astron Observ, GSMT Program Off, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Chilcote, Jeffrey K.; Larkin, James] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Dillon, Darren] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Guesalaga, Andres] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile. [Macintosh, Bruce] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wallace, Kent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Hartung, M (reprint author), Gemini Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile. EM mhartung@gemini.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 91480N DI 10.1117/12.2057200 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800018 ER PT S AU Laslandes, M Pellegrino, S Steeves, J Patterson, K AF Laslandes, Marie Pellegrino, Sergio Steeves, John Patterson, Keith BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI Optimization of Electrode Configuration in Surface-Parallel Actuated Deformable Mirrors SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE Deformable Mirror; Active Optics; Telescope; Optimization; Bimorph Mirror AB Thin, lightweight and low-cost deformable mirrors have been recently proposed, providing a pertinent device for wavefront error correction. We present different approaches to optimize actuator arrangement. The design is optimized according to a given correction requirement, through the number of electrodes, their shape and location. A first method focuses on the compensation of a given optical aberration (astigmatism). A second method directly optimizes the correction of a set of optical modes, taking into account the voltage limitation. We will describe the optimization techniques and give some examples of applications and design performance. C1 [Laslandes, Marie; Pellegrino, Sergio; Steeves, John] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Patterson, Keith] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Laslandes, M (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 914843 DI 10.1117/12.2056495 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800123 ER PT S AU Macintosh, BA Anthony, A Atwood, J Bauman, B Cardwell, A Caputa, K Chilcote, J de Rosa, RJ Dillon, D Doyon, R Dunn, J Erickson, D Fitzgerald, MP Gavel, DT Galvez, R Goodsell, S Graham, J Greenbaum, AZ Goodsell, S Hartung, M Hibon, P Ingraham, P Kerley, D Konopacky, Q Labrie, K Larkin, J Maire, J Marchis, F Marois, C Millar-Blanchaer, M Morzinski, K Nunez, A Oppenheimer, R Palmer, D Pazder, J Perrin, M Poyneer, LA Puyeo, L Quiroz, C Rantakyro, F Reshtov, V Saddlemyer, L Sadakuni, N Savransky, D Serio, A Sivaramakrishnan, A Smith, M Soummer, R Thomas, S Wallace, JK Wang, J Weiss, J Wiktorowicz, S Wolff, SG AF Macintosh, Bruce A. Anthony, Andre Atwood, Jenny Bauman, Brian Cardwell, Andrew Caputa, Kris Chilcote, Jeffery de Rosa, Robert J. Dillon, Daren Doyon, Rene Dunn, Jennifer Erickson, Darren Fitzgerald, Michael P. Gavel, Donald T. Galvez, Ramon Goodsell, Stephen Graham, James Greenbaum, Alexandra Z. Goodsell, Stephen Hartung, Markus Hibon, Pascale Ingraham, Patrick Kerley, Dan Konopacky, Quinn Labrie, Kathleen Larkin, James Maire, Jerome Marchis, Franck Marois, Christian Millar-Blanchaer, Max Morzinski, Katie Nunez, Arturo Oppenheimer, Rebecca Palmer, David Pazder, John Perrin, Marshall Poyneer, Lisa A. Puyeo, Laurent Quiroz, Carlos Rantakyro, Fredrik Reshtov, Vlad Saddlemyer, Les Sadakuni, Naru Savransky, Dmitry Serio, Andrew Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Smith, Malcolm Soummer, Remi Thomas, Sandrine Wallace, J. Kent Wang, Jason Weiss, Jason Wiktorowicz, Sloane Wolff, Schuyler G. BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI The Gemini Planet Imager: First Light and Commissioning SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE Adaptive optics; extrasolar planets; coronagraphy; integral field spectrograph ID POINT-SPREAD FUNCTIONS; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; ASTROMETRY; PHOTOMETRY AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a facility extreme-AO high-contrast instrument - optimized solely for study of faint companions - on the Gemini telescope. It combines a high-order MEMS AO system (1493 active actuators), an apodized-pupil Lyot coronagraph, a high-accuracy IR post-coronagraph wavefront sensor, and a near-infrared integral field spectrograph. GPI incorporates several other novel features such as ultra-high quality optics, a spatially-filtered wavefront sensor, and new calibration techniques. GPI had first light in November 2013. This paper presnets results of first-light and performance verification and optimization and shows early science results including extrasolar planet spectra and polarimetric detection of the HR4696A disk. GPI is now achieving contrasts approaching 10(-6) at 0.5" in 30 minute exposures C1 [Macintosh, Bruce A.; Ingraham, Patrick] Stanford Univ, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cardwell, Andrew; Galvez, Ramon; Goodsell, Stephen; Goodsell, Stephen; Hartung, Markus; Hibon, Pascale; Labrie, Kathleen; Nunez, Arturo; Quiroz, Carlos; Rantakyro, Fredrik; Sadakuni, Naru; Serio, Andrew] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Dillon, Daren; Graham, James; Wang, Jason] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Doyon, Rene] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Gavel, Donald T.; Wiktorowicz, Sloane] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Chilcote, Jeffery; Fitzgerald, Michael P.; Larkin, James; Weiss, Jason] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Oppenheimer, Rebecca] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Anthony, Andre; Atwood, Jenny; Caputa, Kris; Dunn, Jennifer; Kerley, Dan; Marois, Christian; Pazder, John; Reshtov, Vlad; Saddlemyer, Les; Smith, Malcolm] Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V8X 4M6, Canada. [Wallace, J. Kent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Perrin, Marshall; Puyeo, Laurent; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand; Soummer, Remi] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Konopacky, Quinn; Maire, Jerome; Millar-Blanchaer, Max] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Greenbaum, Alexandra Z.; Wolff, Schuyler G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce A.; Bauman, Brian; Palmer, David; Poyneer, Lisa A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Marchis, Franck] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [de Rosa, Robert J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Erickson, Darren] Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Morzinski, Katie] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Macintosh, BA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014; OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Morzinski, Katie/0000-0002-1384-0063; Fitzgerald, Michael/0000-0002-0176-8973; Wang, Jason/0000-0003-0774-6502; Greenbaum, Alexandra/0000-0002-7162-8036 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 91480J DI 10.1117/12.2056709 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800014 ER PT S AU Marinan, A Cahoy, K Webber, M Belikov, R Bendek, E AF Marinan, Anne Cahoy, Kerri Webber, Matthew Belikov, Ruslan Bendek, Eduardo BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI Payload characterization for CubeSat demonstration of MEMS deformable mirrors SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE MEMS Deformable Mirrors; Adaptive Optics; Wavefront Sensing; CubeSat AB Coronagraphic space telescopes require wavefront control systems for high-contrast imaging applications such as exoplanet direct imaging. High-actuator-count MEMS deformable mirrors (DM) are a key element of these wavefront control systems yet have not been flown in space long enough to characterize their on-orbit performance. The MEMS Deformable Mirror CubeSat Testbed is a conceptual nanosatellite demonstration of MEMS DM and wavefront sensing technology. The testbed platform is a 3U CubeSat bus. Of the 10 x 10 x 34.05 cm (3U) available volume, a 10 x 10 x 15 cm space is reserved for the optical payload. The main purpose of the payload is to characterize and calibrate the on-orbit performance of a MEMS deformable mirror over an extended period of time (months). Its design incorporates both a Shack Hartmann wavefront sensor (internal laser illumination), and a focal plane sensor (used with an external aperture to image bright stars). We baseline a 32-actuator Boston Micromachines Mini deformable mirror for this mission, though the design is flexible and can be applied to mirrors from other vendors. We present the mission design and payload architecture and discuss experiment design, requirements, and performance simulations. C1 [Marinan, Anne; Cahoy, Kerri] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 01239 USA. [Cahoy, Kerri; Webber, Matthew] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 01239 USA. [Belikov, Ruslan; Bendek, Eduardo] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94039 USA. RP Marinan, A (reprint author), MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 01239 USA. EM marinana@mit.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 91483Z DI 10.1117/12.2055682 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800120 ER PT S AU N'Diaye, M Dohlen, K Caillat, A Costille, A Fusco, T Jolivet, A Madec, F Mugnier, L Paul, B Sauvage, JF Soummer, R Vigan, A Wallace, JK AF N'Diaye, Mamadou Dohlen, Kjetil Caillat, Amandine Costille, Anne Fusco, Thierry Jolivet, Aissa Madec, Fabrice Mugnier, Laurent Paul, Baptiste Sauvage, Jean-Francois Soummer, Remi Vigan, Arthur Wallace, J. Kent BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI Design optimization and lab demonstration of ZELDA, a Zernike sensor for near-coronagraph quasi-static measurements SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE high angular resolution; coronagraphy; wavefront sensing; wavefront control ID EXTREME ADAPTIVE OPTICS; SELF-COHERENT CAMERA; PHASE-DIVERSITY; STELLAR CORONAGRAPH; PLANET DETECTION; ABERRATIONS; CALIBRATION; PERFORMANCE; SPACE; MASK AB The exoplanet direct imagers Gemini/GPI and VLT/SPHERE are built around extreme adaptive optics (ExAO) to correct the atmospheric turbulence and the aberrations associated with the optical surfaces. However, additional strategies are necessary to correct the non-common path aberrations (NCPA) between the ExAO and science paths that can limit the instrument contrast performance. To perform an adequate calibration, we have developed ZELDA, a Zernike sensor to achieve NCPA measurements with nanometric accuracy. We report the results of a new design analysis that maximizes the dynamic range, and from laboratory demonstrations on the LAM high-contrast testbed and on VLT/SPHERE during its integration. C1 [N'Diaye, Mamadou; Soummer, Remi] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Dohlen, Kjetil; Caillat, Amandine; Costille, Anne; Fusco, Thierry; Jolivet, Aissa; Madec, Fabrice; Paul, Baptiste; Sauvage, Jean-Francois; Vigan, Arthur] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Fusco, Thierry; Mugnier, Laurent; Paul, Baptiste; Sauvage, Jean-Francois] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, F-92322 Chatillon, France. [Jolivet, Aissa] Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege 1, Belgium. [Wallace, J. Kent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP N'Diaye, M (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM mamadou@stsci.edu OI Mugnier, Laurent/0000-0002-8364-4957; Vigan, Arthur/0000-0002-5902-7828 NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 91485H DI 10.1117/12.2056818 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800166 ER PT S AU Pope, B Thatte, N Burruss, R Tecza, M Clarke, F Cotter, G AF Pope, Benjamin Thatte, Niranjan Burruss, Rick Tecza, Matthias Clarke, Fraser Cotter, Garret BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI Wavefront sensing from the image domain with the Oxford-SWIFT integral field spectrograph SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE Adaptive optics; kernel phase; integral field spectroscopy; non-common-path error; wavefront sensing; high-resolution imaging ID PHASE-DIVERSITY; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; KERNEL PHASE; SENSOR; INTERFEROMETRY AB The limits for adaptive-optics-assisted and space-based astronomical imaging at high contrast and high resolution are typically determined by residual phase errors due to non-common-path aberrations not sensed by the wavefront sensor. These impose quasi-static speckles on the image, which are difficult to calibrate as they vary in time and with telescope orientation. Typical approaches require phase diversity of some sort,1 which requires many iterations and is accordingly time-consuming. This is especially true of integral field spectrographs, where use of standard phase diversity based techniques is additionally complicated by the presence of the image slicer / integral field unit. We present the first application of the kernel phase based 'asymmetric pupil Fourier wavefront sensing' scheme to ground-based AO-corrected integral field spectroscopy, whereby an asymmetric pupil mask and a single image are sufficient to map aberrations up to high order, including non-common-path error. This method is closely connected with kernel phase interferometry, already applied to space-based and AO-assisted imaging, in which a phase transfer matrix formalism partitions focal plane Fourier phases into a kernel space which is self-calibrating with respect to pupil aberrations, and a row space which can be used to determine those aberrations via a matrix pseudo-inverse. This requires two key conditions be satisfied: the first, that phase errors are < 1 radian in magnitude. These conditions are typically satisfied for space-based telescopes such as the HST, or AO-corrected ground-based telescopes in the near-infrared. The second requirement is that the telescope pupil is not centro-symmetric; this can be achieved simply by placing an asymmetric mask in the optical path. The row phase reconstruction then provides a phase map which can be applied directly to a deformable mirror as a static offset. While in our approach we have iteratively applied corrections, we have deliberately damped correction steps, and in principle this can be done in a single step. We push toward internally diffraction-limited performance with the Oxford-SWIFT integral field spectrograph coupled with the PALM-3000 extreme AO system on the Palomar 200-inch telescope. This represents the first observation in which the PALM3000 + SWIFT internal point-spread-function has closely approached the Airy pattern. While this can only be used on SWIFT with an internal stimulus source, as at short wavelengths the uncorrected atmospheric wavefront errors are still > 1 radian, this nevertheless demonstrates the feasibility of detecting non-common-path errors with this method as an active optics paradigm for near-infrared, AO-corrected instruments on Palomar such as PHARO or Project 1640 (P1640), or other instruments such as VLT-SPHERE or the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI). We note that this is a particularly promising approach for correcting integral field spectrographs, as the diversity of many narrowband images provides strong constraints on the wavefront error estimate, and the average of reconstructions from many narrow bands can be used to improve overall reconstruction quality. C1 [Pope, Benjamin; Thatte, Niranjan; Tecza, Matthias; Clarke, Fraser; Cotter, Garret] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Burruss, Rick] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Pope, B (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. EM benjamin.pope@astro.ox.ac.uk OI Pope, Benjamin/0000-0003-2595-9114 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 914859 DI 10.1117/12.2055334 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800159 ER PT S AU Poyneer, LA De Rosa, RJ Macintosh, B Palmer, DW Perrin, MD Sadakuni, N Savransky, D Bauman, B Cardwell, A Chilcote, JK Dillon, D Gavel, D Goodsell, SJ Hartung, M Hibon, P Rantakyro, FT Thomas, S Veran, JP AF Poyneer, Lisa A. De Rosa, Robert J. Macintosh, Bruce Palmer, David W. Perrin, Marshall D. Sadakuni, Naru Savransky, Dmitry Bauman, Brian Cardwell, Andrew Chilcote, Jeffrey K. Dillon, Daren Gavel, Donald Goodsell, Stephen J. Hartung, Markus Hibon, Pascale Rantakyroe, Fredrik T. Thomas, Sandrine Veran, Jean-Pierre BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI On-sky performance during verification and commissioning of the Gemini Planet Imager's adaptive optics system SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE Adaptive Optics; Gemini Planet Imager; LQG control; modal gain optimization; Spatially-filtered wavefront sensor; wavefront reconstruction ID WAVE-FRONT RECONSTRUCTION; FOURIER-TRANSFORM; MODAL CONTROL; CONTROL LAW; VALIDATION; SENSOR AB The Gemini Planet Imager instrument's adaptive optics (AO) subsystem was designed specifically to facilitate high-contrast imaging. It features several new technologies, including computationally efficient wavefront reconstruction with the Fourier transform, modal gain optimization every 8 seconds, and the spatially filtered wavefront sensor. It also uses a Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) controller (aka Kalman filter) for both pointing and focus. We present on-sky performance results from verification and commissioning runs from December 2013 through May 2014. The efficient reconstruction and modal gain optimization are working as designed. The LQG controllers effectively notch out vibrations. The spatial filter can remove aliases, but we typically use it oversized by about 60% due to stability problems. C1 [Poyneer, Lisa A.; Macintosh, Bruce; Palmer, David W.; Bauman, Brian] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [De Rosa, Robert J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [De Rosa, Robert J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Macintosh, Bruce] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Perrin, Marshall D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sadakuni, Naru; Cardwell, Andrew; Goodsell, Stephen J.; Hartung, Markus; Hibon, Pascale; Rantakyroe, Fredrik T.] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chilcote, Jeffrey K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Dillon, Daren; Gavel, Donald] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UARC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Veran, Jean-Pierre] Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. RP Poyneer, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM poyneer1@llnl.gov RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206 NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 91480K DI 10.1117/12.2057092 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800015 ER PT S AU Sadakuni, N Macintosh, BA Palmer, DW Poyneer, LA Max, CE Savransky, D Thomas, SJ Cardwell, A Goodsell, S Hartung, M Hibon, P Rantakyro, F Serio, A AF Sadakuni, Naru Macintosh, Bruce A. Palmer, David W. Poyneer, Lisa A. Max, Claire E. Savransky, Dmitry Thomas, Sandrine J. Cardwell, Andrew Goodsell, Stephen Hartung, Markus Hibon, Pascale Rantakyroe, Fredrik Serio, Andrew CA GPI Team BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI Effects of differential wavefront sensor bias drifts on high contrast imaging SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE adaptive optics; high contrast imaging; Gemini Planet Imager; GPI AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a new facility, extreme adaptive optics (AO), coronagraphic instrument, currently being integrated onto the 8-meter Gemini South telescope, with the ultimate goal of directly imaging extrasolar planets. To achieve the contrast required for the desired science, it is necessary to quantify and mitigate wavefront error (WFE). A large source of potential static WFE arises from the primary AO wavefront sensor (WFS) detector's use of multiple readout segments with independent signal chains including on-chip preamplifiers and external amplifiers. Temperature changes within GPI's electronics cause drifts in readout segments' bias levels, inducing an RMS WFE of 1.1 nm and 41.9 nm over 4.44 degrees Celsius, for magnitude 4 and 11 stars, respectively. With a goal of <2 nm of static WFE, these are significant enough to require remedial action. Simulations imply a requirement to take fresh WFS darks every 2 degrees Celsius of temperature change, for a magnitude 6 star; similarly, for a magnitude 7 star, every 1 degree Celsius of temperature change. For sufficiently dim stars, bias drifts exceed the signal, causing a large initial WFE, and the former periodic requirement practically becomes an instantaneous/continuous one, making the goal of <2 nm of static WFE very difficult for stars of magnitude 9 or fainter. In extreme cases, this can cause the AO loops to destabilize due to perceived nonphysical wavefronts, as some of the WFS's Shack-Hartmann quadcells are split between multiple readout segments. Presented here is GPI's AO WFS geometry, along with detailed steps in the simulation used to quantify bias drift related WFE, followed by laboratory and on sky results, and concluded with possible methods of remediation. C1 [Sadakuni, Naru; Cardwell, Andrew; Goodsell, Stephen; Hartung, Markus; Hibon, Pascale; Rantakyroe, Fredrik; Serio, Andrew] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Macintosh, Bruce A.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce A.; Palmer, David W.; Poyneer, Lisa A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Max, Claire E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine J.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Sadakuni, N (reprint author), Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. EM nsadakuni@gemini.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 91485L DI 10.1117/12.2057242 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800170 ER PT S AU Singh, G Guyon, O Baudoz, P Jovanovic, N Martinache, F Kudo, T Serabyn, E Kuhn, JG AF Singh, Garima Guyon, Olivier Baudoz, Pierre Jovanovic, Nemanja Martinache, Frantz Kudo, Tomoyuki Serabyn, Eugene Kuhn, Jonas G. BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI Lyot-based Low Order Wavefront Sensor: Implementation on the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics System and its Laboratory Performance SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE Coronagraph; High Contrast Imaging; Extreme Adaptive Optics ID PHASE-MASK CORONAGRAPH; SENSITIVITY; PRINCIPLE AB High throughput, low inner working angle (TWA) phase masks coronagraphs are essential to directly image and characterize (via spectroscopy) earth-like planets. However, the performance of low-TWA coronagraphs is limited by residual pointing errors and other low-order modes. The extent to which wavefront aberrations upstream of the coronagraph are corrected and calibrated drives coronagraphic performance. Addressing this issue is essential for preventing coronagraphic leaks, thus we have developed a Lyot-based low order wave front sensor (LLOWFS) to control the wavefront aberrations in a coronagraph. The LLOWFS monitors the starlight rejected by the coronagraphic mask using a reflective Lyot stop in the downstream pupil plane. The early implementation of LLOWFS at LESIA, Observatoire de Paris demonstrated an open loop measurement accuracy of 0.01 lambda/D for tip-tilt at 638 nm when used in conjunction with a four quadrant phase mask (FQPM) in the laboratory. To further demonstrate our concept, we have installed the reflective Lyot stops on the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme AO (SCExA0) system at the Subaru Telescope and modified the system to support small TWA phase mask coronagraphs (< 1 lambda/D) on-sky such as FQPM, eight octant phase mask, vector vortex coronagraph and the phase induced amplitude apodization complex phase mask coronagraph with a goal of obtaining milli arc-second pointing accuracy. Laboratory results have shown the measurement of tip, tilt, focus, oblique and right astigmatism at 1.55 mu m for the vector vortex coronagraph. Our initial on-sky result demonstrate the closed loop accuracy of < 7 x 10(-3) lambda/D at 1.6 mu m for tip, tilt and focus aberrations with the vector vortex coronagraph. C1 [Singh, Garima; Guyon, Olivier; Jovanovic, Nemanja; Kudo, Tomoyuki] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Singh, Garima; Baudoz, Pierre] Observ Paris, Lab Etud Spatiales & Instrumentat Astrophys, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Martinache, Frantz] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observ Cote Azur, Lab Lagrange,UMR7293, F-06304 Nice, France. [Guyon, Olivier; Serabyn, Eugene; Kuhn, Jonas G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Singh, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, 650 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM singh@naoj.org NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 914848 DI 10.1117/12.2057211 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800128 ER PT S AU Skemer, AJ Hinz, P Esposito, S Skrutskie, MF Defrere, D Bailey, V Leisenring, J Apai, D Biller, B Bonnefoy, M Brandner, W Buenzli, E Close, L Crepp, J De Rosa, RJ Desidera, S Eisner, J Fortney, J Henning, T Hofmann, KH Kopytova, T Maire, AL Males, JR Millan-Gabet, R Morzinski, K Oza, A Patience, J Rajan, A Rieke, G Schertl, D Schlieder, J Su, K Vaz, A Ward-Duong, K Weigelt, G Woodward, CE Zimmerman, N AF Skemer, Andrew J. Hinz, Philip Esposito, Simone Skrutskie, Michael F. Defrere, Denis Bailey, Vanessa Leisenring, Jarron Apai, Daniel Biller, Beth Bonnefoy, Mickael Brandner, Wolfgang Buenzli, Esther Close, Laird Crepp, Justin De Rosa, Robert J. Desidera, Silvano Eisner, Josh Fortney, Jonathan Henning, Thomas Hofmann, Karl-Heinz Kopytova, Taisiya Maire, Anne-Lise Males, Jared R. Millan-Gabet, Rafael Morzinski, Katie Oza, Apurva Patience, Jenny Rajan, Abhijith Rieke, George Schertl, Dieter Schlieder, Joshua Su, Kate Vaz, Amali Ward-Duong, Kimberly Weigelt, Gerd Woodward, Charles E. Zimmerman, Neil BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI High contrast imaging at the LBT: the LEECH exoplanet imaging survey SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE adaptive optics ID PLANET-FINDING CAMPAIGN; URSA-MAJOR GROUP; HR 8799; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; GIANT PLANETS; STARS; FREQUENCY; SYSTEM; SUN; METALLICITY AB In Spring 2013, the LEECH (LBTI Exozodi Exoplanet Common Hunt,) survey began its similar to 130-night campaign from the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) atop Mt Graharn, Arizona. This survey benefits from the many technological achievements of the LBT including two 8.4-meter mirrors on a single fixed mount, dual adaptive secondary mirrors for high Strehl performance, and a cold beam combiner to dramatically reduce the telescope's overall background emissivity. LEECH neatly complements other high-contrast planet imaging efforts by observing stars at L' (3.8 mu m), as opposed to the shorter wavelength near-infrared bands (1-2.4 mu m) of other surveys. This portion of the spectrum offers deep mass sensitivity, especially around nearby adolescent (similar to 0.1-1 Gyr) stars. LEECH's contrast is competitive with other extreme adaptive optics systems, while providing an alternative survey strategy. Additionally, LEECH is characterizing known exoplanetary systems with observations from 3-5 mu m in preparation for JWST. C1 [Skemer, Andrew J.; Hinz, Philip; Defrere, Denis; Bailey, Vanessa; Leisenring, Jarron; Apai, Daniel; Close, Laird; Eisner, Josh; Males, Jared R.; Morzinski, Katie; Rieke, George; Su, Kate; Vaz, Amali] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Esposito, Simone] Arcetri Observ, Florence, Italy. [Skrutskie, Michael F.; Oza, Apurva] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Biller, Beth; Bonnefoy, Mickael; Brandner, Wolfgang; Buenzli, Esther; Henning, Thomas; Kopytova, Taisiya; Schlieder, Joshua; Zimmerman, Neil] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Biller, Beth] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Bonnefoy, Mickael] Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble, Grenoble, France. [Crepp, Justin] Notre Dame Univ, South Bend, IN USA. [De Rosa, Robert J.; Patience, Jenny; Rajan, Abhijith; Ward-Duong, Kimberly] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [De Rosa, Robert J.] Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England. [Desidera, Silvano; Maire, Anne-Lise] Padova Observ, Padua, Italy. [Fortney, Jonathan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hofmann, Karl-Heinz; Schertl, Dieter; Weigelt, Gerd] Max Planck Inst Radio Astron, Bonn, Germany. [Millan-Gabet, Rafael] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Woodward, Charles E.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Zimmerman, Neil] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Skemer, AJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM askermer@as.arizona.edu OI Buenzli, Esther/0000-0003-3306-1486; Zimmerman, Neil/0000-0001-5484-1516; Desidera, Silvano/0000-0001-8613-2589; Esposito, Simone/0000-0002-3114-677X; Su, Kate/0000-0002-3532-5580; Skemer, Andrew/0000-0001-6098-3924; Morzinski, Katie/0000-0002-1384-0063; Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-5407-2806 NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 91480L DI 10.1117/12.2057277 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800016 ER PT S AU Vasisht, G Cady, E Zhai, CX Lockhart, T Oppeheimer, B AF Vasisht, Gautam Cady, Eric Zhai, Chengxing Lockhart, Thomas Oppeheimer, Ben CA Project 1640 Collaboration BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI Real-time Speckle Sensing and Suppression with Project 1640 at Palomar SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE, American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Soc, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE Exoplanets; coronagraphy; interferometry ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS; STELLAR MASS; HR 8799; STAR; DISCOVERY; PLANETS; IMAGES; SPACE AB Palomar's Project 1640 (P1640) is the first stellar coronagraph to regularly use active coronagraphic wavefront control (CWFC). For this it has a hierarchy of offset wavefront sensors (WFS), the most important of which is the higher-order WFS (called CAL), which tracks quasi-static modes between 2-35 cycles-per-aperture. The wavefront is measured in the coronagraph at 0.01 Hz rates, providing slope targets to the upstream Palm 3000 adaptive optics (AO) system. The CWFC handles all non-common path distortions up to the coronagraphic focal plane mask, but does not sense second order modes between the WFSs and the science integral field unit (IFU); these modes determine the system's current limit. We have two CWFC operating modes: (1) P-mode, where we only control phases, generating double-sided darkholes by correcting to the largest controllable spatial frequencies, and (2) E-mode, where we can control amplitudes and phases, generating single-sided dark-holes in specified regions-of-interest. We describe the performance and limitations of both these modes, and discuss the improvements we are considering going forward. C1 [Vasisht, Gautam; Cady, Eric; Zhai, Chengxing; Lockhart, Thomas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Oppeheimer, Ben] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Vasisht, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9616-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9148 AR 914822 DI 10.1117/12.2056591 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8OD UT WOS:000355930800061 ER PT S AU Kamali, B Apaza, RD AF Kamali, Behnam Apaza, Rafael D. GP IEEE TI IEEE 802.16J-RELAY FORTIFIED AEROMACS NETWORKS; BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES SO 2014 INTEGRATED COMMUNICATIONS, NAVIGATION AND SURVEILLANCE CONFERENCE (ICNS) SE Integration Communications Navigation and Surveillance Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance (ICNS) CY APR 08-10, 2014 CL Herndon, VA AB Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS) is an IEEE 802.16 standard-based (WiMAX) broadband aviation transmission technology, developed to provide safety critical communications coverage for airport surface in support of fixed and mobile ground to ground applications and services. We have previously demonstrated that IEEE 802.16j-amendment-based WiMAX is most feasible for AeroMACS applications. The principal argument in favor of application of IEEE 802.16j technology is the flexible and cost effective extension of radio coverage that is afforded by relay fortified WiMAX networks, with virtually no increase in the power requirements. In this article, following introductory remarks on airport surface communications, WiMAX and AeroMACS; the IEEE 802.16j-based WiMAX technology and multihop relay systems are briefly described. The two modes of relay operation supported by IEEE 802.16j amendment; i.e., transparent (TRS) and non-transparent (NTRS) modes, are discussed in some detail. Advantages and disadvantages of using TRS and NTRS in AeroMACS networks are summarized in a table. Practical issues vis-a-vis the inclusion of relays in AeroMACS networks are addressed. It is argued that the selection of relay type may affect a number of network parameters. A discussion on specific benefits and challenges of inclusion of relays in AeroMACS networks is provided. The article concludes that in case it is desired or necessary to exclusively employ one type of relay mode for all applications throughout an AeroMACS network, the proper selection would be the non-transparent mode. C1 [Kamali, Behnam] Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, Macon, GA 31207 USA. [Apaza, Rafael D.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Kamali, B (reprint author), Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, Macon, GA 31207 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-4943 BN 978-1-4799-4891-8 J9 INTEG COMMUN NAVIG PY 2014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Telecommunications GA BC8JZ UT WOS:000355752400025 ER PT S AU Kerczewski, RJ Wilson, JD Bishop, WD AF Kerczewski, Robert J. Wilson, Jeffrey D. Bishop, William D. GP IEEE TI ASSESSING SPECTRUM COMPATIBILITY FOR BEYOND-LINE-OF-SIGHT UAS CONTROL AND NON-PAYLOAD COMMUNICATIONS SO 2014 INTEGRATED COMMUNICATIONS, NAVIGATION AND SURVEILLANCE CONFERENCE (ICNS) SE Integration Communications Navigation and Surveillance Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance (ICNS) CY APR 08-10, 2014 CL Herndon, VA AB In order to provide for the safe integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System (NAS), the control and non-payload communications (CNPC) link must be highly reliable. A specific requirement is that it must operate using aviation safety radiofrequency spectrum. Two types of links are required - line-of-sight (LOS) using terrestrial-based communications and beyond-line-of-sight (BLOS) using satellite communications. The 2012 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-12) provided a suitable allocation for LOS CNPC spectrum in the 5030-5091 MHz band which, when combined with a previously existing allocation fulfills the LOS spectrum requirement. The 50305091 MHz band is also allocated for BLOS CNPC, but since a significant portion of that band is required for LOS CNPC, additional BLOS spectrum is required. More critically, there are no satellites in operation or in development to provide such services in that band. Hence BLOS CNPC cannot be provided in protected aviation spectrum under current conditions. To fill this gap and enable integration of UAS into the NAS, it has been proposed to allow CNPC to operate over certain Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) bands in which many satellites currently provide commercial services. To enable this, changes in international regulation must be enacted. Agenda Item 1.5 of the 2015 WRC examines the possible regulatory changes needed. As part of the examination process, sharing between potential UAS using satellite communications for BLOS CNPC and other services allocated to the FSS bands being considered must be studied. This paper reviews the technical requirements and approach being undertaken for these sharing studies, with emphasis on study of interference from UAS into digital repeater links operating under the Fixed Service allocation. These studies are being conducted by NASA Glenn Research Center. C1 [Kerczewski, Robert J.; Wilson, Jeffrey D.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Bishop, William D.] Verizon, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Kerczewski, RJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-4943 BN 978-1-4799-4891-8 J9 INTEG COMMUN NAVIG PY 2014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Telecommunications GA BC8JZ UT WOS:000355752400021 ER PT S AU Ribeiro, LZ Monticone, LC Snow, RE Box, F Apaza, R Bretmersky, S AF Ribeiro, Leila Z. Monticone, Leone C. Snow, Richard E. Box, Frank Apaza, Rafael Bretmersky, Steven GP IEEE TI A FRAMEWORK FOR DIMENSIONING VDL-2 AIR-GROUND NETWORKS SO 2014 INTEGRATED COMMUNICATIONS, NAVIGATION AND SURVEILLANCE CONFERENCE (ICNS) SE Integration Communications Navigation and Surveillance Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance (ICNS) CY APR 08-10, 2014 CL Herndon, VA AB This paper describes a framework developed at MITRE for dimensioning a Very High Frequency (VHF) Digital Link Mode 2 (VDL-2) Air-to-Ground network. This framework was developed to support the FAA's Data Communications (Data Comm) program by providing estimates of expected capacity required for the air-ground network services that will support Controller-Pilot-Data-Link Communications (CPDLC), as well as the spectrum needed to operate the system at required levels of performance. The Data Comm program is part of the FAA's NextGen initiative to implement advanced communication capabilities in the National Airspace System (NAS). The first component of the framework is the radio-frequency (RF) coverage design for the network ground stations. Then we proceed to describe the approach used to assess the aircraft geographical distribution and the data traffic demand expected in the network. The next step is the resource allocation utilizing optimization algorithms developed in MITRE's Spectrum Prospector (TM) tool to propose frequency assignment solutions, and a NASA-developed VDL-2 tool to perform simulations and determine whether a proposed plan meets the desired performance requirements. The framework presented is capable of providing quantitative estimates of multiple variables related to the air-ground network, in order to satisfy established coverage, capacity and latency performance requirements. Outputs include: coverage provided at different altitudes; data capacity required in the network, aggregated or on a per ground station basis; spectrum (pool of frequencies) needed for the system to meet a target performance; optimized frequency plan for a given scenario; expected performance given spectrum available; and, estimates of throughput distributions for a given scenario. We conclude with a discussion aimed at providing insight into the tradeoffs and challenges identified with respect to radio resource management for VDL-2 air-ground networks. C1 [Ribeiro, Leila Z.; Monticone, Leone C.; Snow, Richard E.; Box, Frank] MITRE Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Apaza, Rafael; Bretmersky, Steven] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Ribeiro, LZ (reprint author), MITRE Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM lribeiro@mitre.org; lmontico@mitre.org; rsnow@mitre.org; fbox@mitre.org; rafael.d.apaza@nasa.gov; steven.c.bretmersky@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-4943 BN 978-1-4799-4891-8 J9 INTEG COMMUN NAVIG PY 2014 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Telecommunications GA BC8JZ UT WOS:000355752400036 ER PT J AU Islam, T Srivastava, PK Dai, Q Gupta, M AF Islam, Tanvir Srivastava, Prashant K. Dai, Qiang Gupta, Manika TI Ice cloud detection from AMSU-A, MHS, and HIRS satellite instruments inferred by cloud profiling radar SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SMOS SATELLITE; LAND; ALGORITHM; MODIS; MODEL; IDENTIFICATION; CALIPSO AB An algorithm for ice cloud detection aided by support vector machine (AID-SVM) is presented. The AID-SVM algorithm is applied and tested for the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A, microwave humidity sounder (MHS), and high resolution infrared radiation sounder (HIRS) instruments onboard NOAA-19 satellite. The algorithm is based on satellite brightness temperature measurements and developed as well as validated by using collocated ice/no-ice cloud information acquired from the CloudSat cloud-profiling radar. The algorithm is tested over both ocean and land surfaces. Overall, the results exhibit very promising potential to acquire ice/no-ice cloud information using the passive satellite sensors. It is found that infrared satellite sensor such as HIRS is more efficient in detecting ice clouds than the counterpart microwave satellite sensors. Furthermore, the combined measurements using microwave/infrared synergy perform no better than the infrared-only measurements. C1 [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Islam, Tanvir] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Islam, Tanvir; Srivastava, Prashant K.; Dai, Qiang] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol, Avon, England. [Srivastava, Prashant K.; Gupta, Manika] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gupta, Manika] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Islam, T (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tanvir.islam@noaa.gov OI Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X EI 2150-7058 J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PY 2014 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1012 EP 1021 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2014.990643 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CK4WB UT WOS:000356222900002 ER PT B AU Bar-Cohen, Y AF Bar-Cohen, Yoseph BE BarCohen, Y TI HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS and MECHANISMS Introduction SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS AND MECHANISMS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Bar-Cohen, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6646-0; 978-1-4665-6645-3 PY 2014 BP 1 EP 15 D2 10.1201/b16545 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BC6BH UT WOS:000353719000002 ER PT B AU Bar-Cohen, Y AF Bar-Cohen, Yoseph BE BarCohen, Y TI HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS and MECHANISMS Preface SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS AND MECHANISMS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Bar-Cohen, Yoseph] Adv Technol Grp, Lombard, IL 60148 USA. [Bar-Cohen, Yoseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bar-Cohen, Yoseph] ASNT, Columbus, OH USA. [Bar-Cohen, Yoseph] SPIE, Bellingham, WA USA. RP Bar-Cohen, Y (reprint author), Adv Technol Grp, Lombard, IL 60148 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6646-0; 978-1-4665-6645-3 PY 2014 BP VII EP VIII D2 10.1201/b16545 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BC6BH UT WOS:000353719000001 ER PT B AU Dillon, RP AF Dillon, R. Peter BE BarCohen, Y TI High-Temperature Adhesives and Bonding SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS AND MECHANISMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY; JOINTS; STRENGTH C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Dillon, RP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6646-0; 978-1-4665-6645-3 PY 2014 BP 69 EP 93 D2 10.1201/b16545 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BC6BH UT WOS:000353719000005 ER PT B AU Smialek, JL Jacobson, NS AF Smialek, James L. Jacobson, Nathan S. BE BarCohen, Y TI Oxidation of High-Temperature Aerospace Materials SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS AND MECHANISMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID THERMAL-BARRIER COATINGS; DEPOSITED SILICON-CARBIDE; SIMULTANEOUS SULFIDATION-OXIDATION; 1D-SIC/C/SIC COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; AS-CAST CU-17-PERCENT-CR; SIO2 SCALE VOLATILITY; TO-PASSIVE TRANSITION; COBALT-BASE ALLOYS C1 [Smialek, James L.; Jacobson, Nathan S.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Smialek, JL (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 192 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6646-0; 978-1-4665-6645-3 PY 2014 BP 95 EP 162 D2 10.1201/b16545 PG 68 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BC6BH UT WOS:000353719000006 ER PT B AU Bar-Cohen, Y Cormia, RD AF Bar-Cohen, Yoseph Cormia, Robert D. BE BarCohen, Y TI Characterization of High-Temperature Materials SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS AND MECHANISMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bar-Cohen, Yoseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cormia, Robert D.] Foothill Coll, Dept Engn, Los Altos Hills, CA USA. RP Bar-Cohen, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6646-0; 978-1-4665-6645-3 PY 2014 BP 193 EP 221 D2 10.1201/b16545 PG 29 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BC6BH UT WOS:000353719000008 ER PT B AU Bar-Cohen, Y Lekki, JD Lee, HJ Bao, XQ Sherrit, S Lih, SS Badescu, M Gyekenyesi, A Hunter, G Woike, M Adamovsky, G AF Bar-Cohen, Yoseph Lekki, John D. Lee, Hyeong Jae Bao, Xiaoqi Sherrit, Stewart Lih, Shyh-Shiuh Badescu, Mircea Gyekenyesi, Andrew Hunter, Gary Woike, Mark Adamovsky, Grigory BE BarCohen, Y TI Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring of High-Temperature Materials and Structures SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS AND MECHANISMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; SENSOR; SIGNAL; SEGMENTATION; ELECTRONICS C1 [Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Lee, Hyeong Jae; Bao, Xiaoqi; Sherrit, Stewart; Lih, Shyh-Shiuh; Badescu, Mircea] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lekki, John D.; Hunter, Gary; Woike, Mark; Adamovsky, Grigory] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Gyekenyesi, Andrew] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Bar-Cohen, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 109 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6646-0; 978-1-4665-6645-3 PY 2014 BP 223 EP 279 D2 10.1201/b16545 PG 57 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BC6BH UT WOS:000353719000009 ER PT B AU Sherrit, S Lee, HJ Zhang, SJ Shrout, TR AF Sherrit, Stewart Lee, Hyeong Jae Zhang, Shujun Shrout, Thomas R. BE BarCohen, Y TI High-Temperature Electromechanical Actuators SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS AND MECHANISMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LANGASITE STRUCTURE COMPOUNDS; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; HIGH-POWER; CERAMICS; SENSORS; TECHNOLOGY; TITANATE C1 [Sherrit, Stewart; Lee, Hyeong Jae] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zhang, Shujun; Shrout, Thomas R.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sherrit, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 129 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6646-0; 978-1-4665-6645-3 PY 2014 BP 297 EP 329 D2 10.1201/b16545 PG 33 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BC6BH UT WOS:000353719000011 ER PT B AU Varadan, VK Chen, LF Lee, J Mathur, GN Kim, HJ Choi, SH AF Varadan, Vijay K. Chen, Linfeng Lee, Jungmin Mathur, Gyanesh N. Kim, Hyun Jung Choi, Sang H. BE BarCohen, Y TI Thermoelectric Materials and Generators: Research and Application SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS AND MECHANISMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BISMUTH TELLURIDE NANOPARTICLES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SILICON NANOWIRES; POWER GENERATORS; GROWTH-MECHANISM; PHASE SYNTHESIS; HIGH FIGURE; THIN-FILMS; BODY HEAT C1 [Varadan, Vijay K.; Chen, Linfeng; Lee, Jungmin; Mathur, Gyanesh N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Elect Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Kim, Hyun Jung] NIA, Hampton, VA USA. [Choi, Sang H.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Varadan, VK (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Elect Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 96 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6646-0; 978-1-4665-6645-3 PY 2014 BP 381 EP 426 D2 10.1201/b16545 PG 46 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BC6BH UT WOS:000353719000014 ER PT B AU Bar-Cohen, Y Bao, XQ Badescu, M Sherrit, S Zacny, K Kumar, N Shrout, TR Zhang, SJ AF Bar-Cohen, Yoseph Bao, Xiaoqi Badescu, Mircea Sherrit, Stewart Zacny, Kris Kumar, Nishant Shrout, Thomas R. Zhang, Shujun BE BarCohen, Y TI High-Temperature Drilling Mechanisms SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS AND MECHANISMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Bao, Xiaoqi; Badescu, Mircea; Sherrit, Stewart] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zacny, Kris; Kumar, Nishant] Honeybee Robot Spacecraft Mech Corp, Pasadena, CA USA. [Shrout, Thomas R.; Zhang, Shujun] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bar-Cohen, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6646-0; 978-1-4665-6645-3 PY 2014 BP 427 EP 465 D2 10.1201/b16545 PG 39 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BC6BH UT WOS:000353719000015 ER PT B AU Bar-Cohen, Y AF Bar-Cohen, Yoseph BE BarCohen, Y TI High-Temperature Materials and Mechanisms: Applications and Challenges SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS AND MECHANISMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTRONICS C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Bar-Cohen, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6646-0; 978-1-4665-6645-3 PY 2014 BP 499 EP 511 D2 10.1201/b16545 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BC6BH UT WOS:000353719000018 ER PT J AU Norris, J Davidoff, S AF Norris, Jeff Davidoff, Scott BE Coquillart, S Kiyokawa, K Swan, JE Bowman, D TI NASA Telexploration Project Demo SO 2014 IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY (VR) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality (VR) Conference CY MAR 29-APR 02, 2014 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm DE virtual reality; space exploration; robotics; Human-centered computing; Virtual reality; Human-centered computing; Scientific visualization AB NASA's Telexploration Project seeks to make us better explorers by building immersive environments that feel like we are really there. The Mission Operations Innovation Office and its Operations Laboratory at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) founded the Telexploration Project, and is researching how immersive visualization and natural human-robot interaction can enable mission scientists, engineers, and the general public to interact with NASA spacecraft and alien environments in a more effective way. These efforts have been accelerated through partnerships with many different companies, especially in the video game industry. These demos will exhibit some of the progress made at NASA and its commercial partnerships by allowing attendees to experience Mars data acquired from NASA spacecraft in a head mounted display using several rendering and interaction techniques. C1 [Norris, Jeff; Davidoff, Scott] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Norris, J (reprint author), NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Jeff.Norris@jpl.nasa.gov; Scott.Davidoff@jpl.nasa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-2871-2 PY 2014 BP 183 EP 184 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC7OD UT WOS:000355104000073 ER PT S AU Bottom, M Muirhead, PS Swift, JJ Zhao, M Gardner, P Plavchan, PP Riddle, RL Herzig, E Johnson, JA Wright, JT McCrady, N Wittenmyer, RA AF Bottom, Michael Muirhead, Philip S. Swift, Jonathan J. Zhao, Ming Gardner, Paul Plavchan, Peter P. Riddle, Reed L. Herzig, Erich Johnson, John Asher Wright, Jason T. McCrady, Nate Wittenmyer, Robert A. BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Design, motivation, and on-sky tests of an efficient fiber coupling unit for 1-meter class telescopes SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE exoplanets; fiber; fiber feed; coupling; radial velocity; guiding; small telescope AB We present the science motivation, design, and on-sky test data of a high-throughput fiber coupling unit suitable for automated 1-meter class telescopes. The optical and mechanical design of the fiber coupling is detailed and we describe a flexible controller software designed specifically for this unit. The system performance is characterized with a set of numerical simulations, and we present on-sky results that validate the performance of the controller and the expected throughput of the fiber coupling. This unit was designed specifically for the MINERVA array, a robotic observatory consisting of multiple 0.7 m telescopes linked to a single high-resolution stabilized spectrograph for the purpose of exoplanet discovery using high-cadence radial velocimetry. However, this unit could easily be used for general astronomical purposes requiring fiber coupling or precise guiding. C1 [Bottom, Michael; Swift, Jonathan J.; Gardner, Paul; Plavchan, Peter P.; Riddle, Reed L.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Muirhead, Philip S.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Zhao, Ming] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16803 USA. [Herzig, Erich] Thacher Sch, Ojai, CA 93023 USA. [Johnson, John Asher] Harvard Coll Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McCrady, Nate] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Wittenmyer, Robert A.] UNSW Australia, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Plavchan, Peter P.] Missouri State Univ, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Plavchan, Peter P.] NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Bottom, M (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 East Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM mbottom@caltech.edu OI Wright, Jason/0000-0001-6160-5888 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91472E DI 10.1117/12.2055605 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800077 ER PT S AU Capone, JI Content, DA Kutyrev, AS Robinson, FD Lotkin, GN Toy, VL Veilleux, S Moseley, SH Gehrels, NA Vogel, SN AF Capone, John I. Content, David A. Kutyrev, Alexander S. Robinson, Frederick D. Lotkin, Gennadiy N. Toy, Vicki L. Veilleux, Sylvain Moseley, Samuel H. Gehrels, Neil A. Vogel, Stuart N. BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Cryogenic optical systems for the rapid infrared imager/spectrometer (RIMAS) SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE optical design; near infrared; optomechanics; optical alignment; cryogenic systems; ground-based instrumentation; infrared spectroscopy ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; REDSHIFT AB The Rapid Infrared Imager/Spectrometer (RIMAS) is designed to perform follow-up observations of transient astronomical sources at near infrared (NIR) wavelengths (0.9 - 2.4 microns). In particular, RIMAS will be used to perform photometric and spectroscopic observations of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows to compliment the Swift satellite's science goals. Upon completion, RIMAS will be installed on Lowell Observatory's 4.3 meter Discovery Channel Telescope (DCT) located in Happy Jack, Arizona. The instrument's optical design includes a collimator lens assembly, a dichroic to divide the wavelength coverage into two optical arms (0.9 - 1.4 microns and 1.4 - 2.4 microns respectively), and a camera lens assembly for each optical arm. Because the wavelength coverage extends out to 2.4 microns, all optical elements are cooled to similar to 70 K. Filters and transmission gratings are located on wheels prior to each camera allowing the instrument to be quickly configured for photometry or spectroscopy. An athermal optomechanical design is being implemented to prevent lenses from loosing their room temperature alignment as the system is cooled. The thermal expansion of materials used in this design have been measured in the lab. Additionally, RIMAS has a guide camera consisting of four lenses to aid observers in passing light from target sources through spectroscopic slits. Efforts to align these optics are ongoing. C1 [Capone, John I.; Kutyrev, Alexander S.; Toy, Vicki L.; Veilleux, Sylvain; Vogel, Stuart N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Content, David A.; Kutyrev, Alexander S.; Robinson, Frederick D.; Lotkin, Gennadiy N.; Moseley, Samuel H.; Gehrels, Neil A.] NASAs Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Robinson, Frederick D.; Lotkin, Gennadiy N.] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Capone, JI (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, CSS Bldg,Rm 1204,Stadium Dr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jicapone@astro.umd.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914736 DI 10.1117/12.2055503 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800100 ER PT S AU Colditz, S Klein, R Beckmann, S Bryant, A Fischer, C Fumi, F Geis, N Honle, R Krabbe, A Looney, LW Poglitsch, A Raab, W Ragan, SE Rebell, F Savage, ML AF Colditz, Sebastian Klein, Randolf Beckmann, Simon Bryant, Aaron Fischer, Christian Fumi, Fabio Geis, Norbert Hoenle, Rainer Krabbe, Alfred Looney, Leslie W. Poglitsch, Albrecht Raab, Walfried Ragan, Sarah E. Rebell, Felix Savage, Maureen L. BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Boresight calibration of FIFI-LS: in theory, in the lab and on sky SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Integral Field Spectroscopy; Spectrometer; Far-infrared; FIFI LS; FIFI-LS; SOFIA; Image Rotator AB The Field-Imaging Far-Infrared Line-Spectrometer (FIFI-LS) entered service on the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) on March 2014. Exact pointing of the instrument is important. The SOFIA telescope provides an absolute pointing stability of 1 '' rms, which is sufficient for FIFI-LS. The instrument boresight relative to the telescope reference system is established with accuracy better than 1 ''. FIFI-LS has a built-in rotating K-Mirror to derotate the instrument field of view. Perfect alignment of the optical axis of the K-Mirror and the optical axis of the optical systems in both instrument channels is practically impossible. The remaining offsets result in a dependence of the instrument boresight on the K-Mirror position. Therefore a boresight calibration model is established for each channel. With these models the instrument boresight is calculated and transferred to the telescope control software. Achieving precise calibration of the boresight has been an ongoing process including the first optical models of the instrument, measurements in different laboratories and finally measurements during the commissioning flight series. In this paper, the approach used to calibrate FIFI-LS's boresight is explained. This includes the model used and an overview of the laboratory, as well as the in-flight measurements leading to the calibrated boresight model. C1 [Colditz, Sebastian; Beckmann, Simon; Bryant, Aaron; Fischer, Christian; Fumi, Fabio; Hoenle, Rainer; Krabbe, Alfred; Rebell, Felix] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Space Syst, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Klein, Randolf; Savage, Maureen L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA, SOFIA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Beckmann, Simon; Krabbe, Alfred] Deutsch SOFIA Inst, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Geis, Norbert; Poglitsch, Albrecht; Raab, Walfried] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Looney, Leslie W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ragan, Sarah E.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Colditz, S (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Space Syst, Pfaffenwaldring 29, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM colditz@irs.uni-stuttgart.de OI Klein, Randolf/0000-0002-7187-9126; Ragan, Sarah/0000-0003-4164-5588 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91474S DI 10.1117/12.2055335 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800147 ER PT S AU Dunham, EW Bida, TA Collins, PL Mandushev, G Zoonematkermani, S Van Cleve, J Angerhausen, D Mandell, A AF Dunham, E. W. Bida, T. A. Collins, P. L. Mandushev, G. Zoonematkermani, S. Van Cleve, J. Angerhausen, D. Mandell, A. BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI HIPO in-flight performance improvements SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE SOFIA; airborne; instrumentation; commissioning ID SOUTHERN SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; SPEED IMAGING PHOTOMETER; OCCULTATIONS AB The High-speed Imaging Photometer for Occultations (HIPO) is a special purpose science instrument for SOFIA. HIPO can be co-mounted with FLITECAM in the so-called FLIPO configuration for stellar occultation or extrasolar planet transit observations. We gained some flight experience with HIPO and FLITECAM in 2011 as described in a previous publication (Dunham, et al., Proc SPIE, 8446-42, 2012). Since that time a number of improvements to HIPO have been made and a deeper understanding of the airborne environment's impact on photometric precision at optical wavelengths has been obtained. The improvements to HIPO include an improved beamsplitter for the FLIPO configuration, adding deep depletion CCDs as a detector option, expanding the filter set to include a Sloan Digital Sky Survey filter set as well as two custom filters for transit work, and an ability to guide the SOFIA telescope using HIPO data being acquired for science purposes. We now understand that variations in PSF size due to varying static air density has a noticeable impact on photometric stability while the related effect of Mach number is unimportant. The seriousness of ozone absorption in the Chappuis band is now understood and an approach to avoid this has been found. Finally we present demonstration transit data to illustrate our current transit photometry capability. C1 [Dunham, E. W.; Bida, T. A.; Collins, P. L.; Mandushev, G.; Zoonematkermani, S.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Van Cleve, J.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Angerhausen, D.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Mandell, A.] NASA Goddard Spaceflight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Dunham, EW (reprint author), Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dunham@lowell.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91470H DI 10.1117/12.2057405 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800016 ER PT S AU Garner, A Stelter, RD Eikenberry, SS Lasso-Cabrera, N Raines, SN Charcos, M Edwards, M Marin-Franch, A Ackley, K Cenarro, AJ Bennett, JG Chinn, B Frommeyer, R Herlevich, MD Miller, P Murphey, CH Packham, C AF Garner, Alan Stelter, Richard D. Eikenberry, Stephen S. Lasso-Cabrera, Nestor Raines, Steven N. Charcos, Miguel Edwards, Michelle Marin-Franch, Antonio Ackley, Kendall Cenarro, A. Javier Bennett, John G. Chinn, Brain Frommeyer, Raymond Herlevich, Michael D. Miller, Paola Murphey, Charles H. Packham, Chris BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Status and first results of the Canarias infrared camera experiment (CIRCE) for the Gran Telescopio Canarias SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE AB CIRCE is a near-infrared (1-2.5 micron) imager, polarimeter and low-resolution spectrograph intended as a visitor instrument for the Gran Telescopio Canarias 10.-4m telescope. It was built largely by graduate students and postdocs, with help from the UF astronomy engineering group, and is funded by the University of Florida and the U.S. National Science Foundation. CIRCE is intended to help fill the gap in time between GTC first light and the arrival of EMIR, and will also provide the following scientific capabilities to compliment EMIR after its arrival: highresolution imaging, narrowband imaging, high-time-resolution photometry, imaging- and spectropolarimetry, low-resolution spectroscopy. In this poster, we review the lab testing results for CIRCE from 2013 and describe the instrument status (currently in shipment to GTC). C1 [Garner, Alan; Stelter, Richard D.; Eikenberry, Stephen S.; Raines, Steven N.; Ackley, Kendall; Bennett, John G.; Chinn, Brain; Frommeyer, Raymond; Herlevich, Michael D.; Miller, Paola; Murphey, Charles H.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lasso-Cabrera, Nestor; Marin-Franch, Antonio; Cenarro, A. Javier] Ctr Estudios Fis Cosmos Aragon, Teruel, Spain. [Charcos, Miguel] NASA, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, Washington, DC USA. [Edwards, Michelle] Large Binocular Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. [Packham, Chris] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Garner, A (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. OI Stelter, Deno/0000-0003-4549-0210 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91474A-1 DI 10.1117/12.2057019 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800133 ER PT S AU Greenbaum, AZ Cheetham, A Sivaramakrishnan, A Tuthill, P Norris, B Pueyo, L Sadakuni, N Rantakyro, F Hibon, P Goodsell, S Hartung, M Serio, A Cardwell, A Poyneer, L Macintosh, B Savransky, D Perrin, MD Wolff, S Ingraham, P Thomas, S AF Greenbaum, Alexandra Z. Cheetham, Anthony Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Tuthill, Peter Norris, Barnaby Pueyo, Laurent Sadakuni, Naru Rantakyroe, Fredrik Hibon, Pascale Goodsell, Stephen Hartung, Markus Serio, Andrew Cardwell, Andrew Poyneer, Lisa Macintosh, Bruce Savransky, Dmitry Perrin, Marshall D. Wolff, Schuyler Ingraham, Patrick Thomas, Sandrine CA Gpi Team BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Gemini planet imager observational calibrations X: non-redundant masking on GPI SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Gemini Planet Imager; Extreme Adaptive Optics Coronagraph; Non-Redundant Mask Interferometry; Integral Field Spectroscopy ID SPARSE APERTURE MASKING; PHASE; DISK; INTERFEROMETRY; COMPANION; LIMITS AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) Extreme Adaptive Optics Coronograph contains an interferometric mode: a 10-hole non-redundant mask (NRM) in its pupil wheel. GPI operates at Y, J, H, and K bands, using an integral field unit spectrograph (IFS) to obtain spectral data at every image pixel. NRM on GPI is capable of imaging with a half resolution element inner working angle at moderate contrast, probing the region behind the coronagraphic spot. The fine features of the NRM PSF can provide a reliable check on the plate scale, while also acting as an attenuator for spectral standard calibrators that would otherwise saturate the full pupil. NRM commissioning data provides details about wavefront error in the optics as well as operations of adaptive optics control without pointing control from the calibration system. We compare lab and on-sky results to evaluate systematic instrument properties and examine the stability data in consecutive exposures. We discuss early on-sky performance, comparing images from integration and tests with the first on-sky images, and demonstrate resolving a known binary. We discuss the status of NRM and implications for future science with this mode. C1 [Greenbaum, Alexandra Z.; Wolff, Schuyler] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cheetham, Anthony; Pueyo, Laurent; Perrin, Marshall D.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Sivaramakrishnan, Anand; Tuthill, Peter; Norris, Barnaby] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sadakuni, Naru; Rantakyroe, Fredrik; Hibon, Pascale; Goodsell, Stephen; Hartung, Markus; Serio, Andrew; Cardwell, Andrew] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Poyneer, Lisa; Macintosh, Bruce] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce; Ingraham, Patrick] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine] UARC NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Greenbaum, AZ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, 3600 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM agreenba@pha.jhu.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014; OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Greenbaum, Alexandra/0000-0002-7162-8036 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91477B DI 10.1117/12.2056429 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800220 ER PT S AU Groff, TD Kasdin, NJ Limbach, MA Galvin, M Carr, MA Knapp, G Brandt, T Loomis, C Jarosik, N Mede, K McElwain, MW Janson, M Guyon, O Jovanovic, N Takato, N Martinache, F Hayashi, M AF Groff, Tyler D. Kasdin, N. Jeremy Limbach, Mary Anne Galvin, Michael Carr, Michael A. Knapp, Gillian Brandt, Timothy Loomis, Craig Jarosik, Norman Mede, Kyle McElwain, Michael W. Janson, Markus Guyon, Olivier Jovanovic, Nemanja Takato, Naruhisa Martinache, Frantz Hayashi, Masahiko BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Construction and status of the CHARIS high contrast imaging spectrograph SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Extreme Adaptive Optics; Coronagraphy; Exoplanets; Broadband; Integral Field Spectrograph AB Princeton University is building the Coronagraphic High Angular Resolution Imaging Spectrograph (CHARIS), an integral field spectrograph (IFS) for the Subaru telescope. CHARIS is funded by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan and is designed to take high contrast spectra of brown dwarfs and hot Jovian planets in the coronagraphic image provided by the Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) and the AO188 adaptive optics systems. The project is now in the build and test phase at Princeton University. Once laboratory testing has been completed CHARIS will be integrated with SCExAO and AO188 in the winter of 2016. CHARIS has a high-resolution characterization mode in J, H, and K bands. The average spectral resolution in J, H, and K bands are R82, R68, and R82 respectively, the uniformity of which is a direct result of a new high index material, L-BBH2. CHARIS also has a second low-resolution imaging mode that spans J, H, and K bands with an average spectral resolution of R19, a feature unique to this instrument. The field of view in both imaging modes is 2.07x2.07 arcseconds. SCExAO+CHARIS will detect objects five orders of magnitude dimmer than their parent star down to an 80 milliarcsecond inner working angle. The primary challenge with exoplanet imaging is the presence of quasi-static speckles in the coronagraphic image. SCExAO has a wavefront control system to suppress these speckles and CHARIS will address their impact on spectral crosstalk through hardware design, which drives its optical and mechanical design. CHARIS constrains crosstalk to be below 1% for an adjacent source that is a full order of magnitude brighter than the neighboring spectra. Since CHARIS is on the Nasmyth platform, the optical alignment between the lenslet array and prism is highly stable. This improves the stability of the spectra and their orientation on the detector and results in greater stability in the wavelength solution for the data pipeline. This means less uncertainty in the post-processing and less overhead for on-sky calibration procedures required by the data pipeline. Here we present the science case, design, and construction status of CHARIS. The design and lessons learned from testing CHARIS highlights the choices that must be considered to design an IFS for high signal-to-noise spectra in a coronagraphic image. The design considerations and lessons learned are directly applicable to future exoplanet instrumentation for extremely large telescopes and space observatories capable of detecting rocky planets in the habitable zone. C1 [Groff, Tyler D.; Kasdin, N. Jeremy; Limbach, Mary Anne; Galvin, Michael; Carr, Michael A.; Knapp, Gillian; Brandt, Timothy; Loomis, Craig; Jarosik, Norman; Janson, Markus] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [McElwain, Michael W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Guyon, Olivier; Jovanovic, Nemanja; Takato, Naruhisa; Martinache, Frantz] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Mede, Kyle; Hayashi, Masahiko] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan. RP Groff, TD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM tgroff@princeton.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91471W DI 10.1117/12.2055769 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800062 ER PT S AU Gurevich, YV Sturmer, J Schwab, C Fuhrer, T Lamoreaux, SK Quirrenbach, A Walther, T AF Gurevich, Yulia V. Stuermer, Julian Schwab, Christian Fuehrer, Thorsten Lamoreaux, Steve K. Quirrenbach, Andreas Walther, Thomas BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI A laser locked Fabry-Perot etalon with 3 cm/s stability for spectrograph calibration SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE wavelength calibration; exoplanets; stabilized etalon; radial velocity; Doppler technique; Echelle spectrograph; high-resolution spectroscopy; Fabry-Perot ID RADIAL-VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS; FREQUENCY STABILIZATION; ABSORPTION CELL; PRECISION; S(-1) AB Accurate wavelength calibration is crucial for attaining superior Doppler precision with high resolution spectrographs. Upcoming facilities aim for 10 cm/s or better radial velocity precision to access the discovery space for Earth-like exoplanets. To achieve such precision over timescales of years, currently used wavelength calibrators such as thorium-argon lamps(1) and iodine cells(2) will need to be replaced by more precise and stable sources. The ideal wavelength calibrator would produce an array of lines that are uniformly spaced, narrower than the spectrograph resolution, of equal brightness, cover the entire wavelength range of the spectrograph, and whose frequencies do not change with time. Laser frequency combs are an extremely accurate and stable, albeit technically challenging and costly, option that has received much attention recently.(3) We present an alternative method that uses a Fabry-Perot (FP) etalon illuminated by a white light source to produce a comb-like spectrum over a wide wavelength range. Previous work focused on the development of passively stabilized FP etalons for wavelength calibration.(4-6) We improve on this method by locking the etalon to an atomic transition, the frequency of which is known to < 2 x 10(-11).(7) We use a diode laser to observe both the rubidium (Rb) D-2 transition at 780 nm and the etalon transmission spectrum. Saturated absorption spectroscopy is used to resolve the Rb hyperfine lines and precisely determine their locations. Since the etalon spectrum is probed with the same laser, the etalon can be locked by ensuring that one of its transmission peaks coincides with a particular Rb hyperfine peak (via either temperature tuning or a piezoelectric transducer incorporated into the etalon). By measuring the frequency of one etalon peak directly via comparison with the Rb, we remove any drifts or aging effects of the etalon that could cause problems for passively stabilized etalon references. We demonstrate a locking precision that is equivalent to a Doppler precision of 3 cm/s RMS.(8) Our setup is simple and robust, can be used with various etalons, and works in the infrared as well as the visible part of the spectrum. The combination of low cost, ease of use, and high precision make this calibration system an attractive option for new spectrographs and as a retrofit for existing facilities. C1 [Gurevich, Yulia V.; Lamoreaux, Steve K.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Stuermer, Julian; Quirrenbach, Andreas] ZAH, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Schwab, Christian] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schwab, Christian] NASA, Sagan Fellow, Washington, DC USA. [Fuehrer, Thorsten; Walther, Thomas] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Appl Phys, Darmstadt, Germany. RP Gurevich, YV (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, POB 208120, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91477M DI 10.1117/12.2057008 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800229 ER PT S AU Hibon, P Thomas, S Dunn, J Atwood, J Saddlemyer, L Sadakuni, N Goodsell, S Macintosh, B Graham, J Perrin, M Rantakyro, F Fesquet, V Serio, A Quiroz, C Cardwell, A Gausachs, G Savransky, D Kerley, D Hartung, M Galvez, R Hardie, K AF Hibon, Pascale Thomas, Sandrine Dunn, Jennifer Atwood, Jenny Saddlemyer, Les Sadakuni, Naru Goodsell, Stephen Macintosh, Bruce Graham, James Perrin, Marshall Rantakyro, Fredrik Fesquet, Vincent Serio, Andrew Quiroz, Carlos Cardwell, Andrew Gausachs, Gaston Savransky, Dmitry Kerley, Dan Hartung, Markus Galvez, Ramon Hardie, Kayla BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Characterization of the Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector of the Gemini Planet Imager SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Gemini Planet Imager; GPI; Instrumentation; High contrast imaging; Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector; ADC AB An Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector (ADC) uses a double-prism arrangement to nullify the vertical chromatic dispersion introduced by the atmosphere at non-zero zenith distances. The ADC installed in the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) was first tested in August 2012 while the instrument was in the laboratory. GPI was installed at the Gemini South telescope in August 2013 and first light occurred later that year on November 11th. In this paper, we give an overview of the characterizations and performance of this ADC unit obtained in the laboratory and on sky, as well as the structure of its control software. C1 [Hibon, Pascale; Sadakuni, Naru; Rantakyro, Fredrik; Fesquet, Vincent; Serio, Andrew; Quiroz, Carlos; Cardwell, Andrew; Gausachs, Gaston; Hartung, Markus; Galvez, Ramon; Hardie, Kayla] Gemini South Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Thomas, Sandrine] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Dunn, Jennifer; Atwood, Jenny; Saddlemyer, Les; Kerley, Dan] NRC Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Goodsell, Stephen] Gemini North Observ, Hilo, HI USA. [Macintosh, Bruce] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Perrin, Marshall] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 96720 USA. [Graham, James] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hibon, P (reprint author), Gemini South Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile. EM phibon@gemini.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91474U DI 10.1117/12.2055545 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800149 ER PT S AU Hoffmann, WF Hinz, PM Defrere, D Leisenrin, JM Skemer, AJ Arbo, PA Montoy, M Mennesson, B AF Hoffmann, William F. Hinz, Philip M. Defrere, Denis Leisenrin, Jarron M. Skemer, Andrew J. Arbo, Paul A. Montoy, Manny Mennesson, Bertrand BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Operation and Performance of the Mid-infrared Camera, NOMIC, on the Large Binocular Telescope SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Infrared astronomy; IBC detector; LBT; nulling interferometry; exozodiacal light AB The mid-infrared (8-13 mu m) camera, NOMIC, is a critical component of the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer search for exozodiacal light around near-by stars. It is optimized for nulling interferometry but has general capability for direct imaging, low resolution spectrometry, and Fizeau interferometry. The camera uses a Raytheon 1024x1024 Si: As IBC Aquarius array with a 30 mu m pitch which yields 0.018 arc-second pixels on the sky. This provides spatial resolution (lambda/D) at a 10 mu m wavelength of 0.27 arc-seconds for a single 8.4 meter LBT aperture and of 0.10 arcseconds for Fizeau interferometry with the dual apertures. The array is operated with a differential preamplifier and a version of the 16 channel array controller developed at Cornell University for the FORCAST instrument on the Sofia Observatory. With a 2.4 MHz pixel rate the camera can achieve integration times as short as 27 milliseconds full array and 3 milliseconds partial array. The large range of integration times and two array integration well sizes allow for a wide range of background flux on the array. We describe the design and operation of the camera and present the performance of this system in terms of linearity, noise, quantum efficiency, image quality, and photometric sensitivity. C1 [Hoffmann, William F.; Hinz, Philip M.; Defrere, Denis; Leisenrin, Jarron M.; Skemer, Andrew J.; Arbo, Paul A.; Montoy, Manny] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mennesson, Bertrand] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Hoffmann, WF (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Skemer, Andrew/0000-0001-6098-3924 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91471O DI 10.1117/12.2057252 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800054 ER PT S AU Jovanovic, N Guyon, O Martinache, F Clergeon, C Singh, G Kudo, T Newman, K Kuhn, J Serabyn, E Norris, B Tuthill, P Stewart, P Huby, E Perrin, G Lacour, S Vievard, S Murakami, N Fumika, O Minowa, Y Hayano, Y White, J Lai, O Marchis, F Duchene, G Kotani, T Woillez, J AF Jovanovic, N. Guyon, O. Martinache, F. Clergeon, C. Singh, G. Kudo, T. Newman, K. Kuhn, J. Serabyn, E. Norris, B. Tuthill, P. Stewart, P. Huby, E. Perrin, G. Lacour, S. Vievard, S. Murakami, N. Fumika, O. Minowa, Y. Hayano, Y. White, J. Lai, O. Marchis, F. Duchene, G. Kotani, T. Woillez, J. BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Development and recent results from the Subaru coronagraphic extreme adaptive optics system SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Extreme adaptive optics; High contrast imaging; Coronagraphy; Aperture masking interferometry; Exoplanetary science; SCExAO; Small inner working angle AB The Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) instrument is one of a handful of extreme adaptive optics systems set to come online in 2014. The extreme adaptive optics correction is realized by a combination of precise wavefront sensing via a non-modulated pyramid wavefront sensor and a 2000 element deformable mirror. This system has recently begun on-sky commissioning and was operated in closed loop for several minutes at a time with a loop speed of 800 Hz, on similar to 150 modes. Further suppression of quasi-static speckles is possible via a process called "speckle nulling" which can create a dark hole in a portion of the frame allowing for an enhancement in contrast, and has been successfully tested on-sky. In addition to the wavefront correction there are a suite of coronagraphs on board to null out the host star which include the phase induced amplitude apodization (PIAA), the vector vortex, 8 octant phase mask, 4 quadrant phase mask and shaped pupil versions which operate in the NIR (y-K bands). The PIAA and vector vortex will allow for high contrast imaging down to an angular separation of 1 lambda/D to be reached; a factor of 3 closer in than other extreme AO systems. Making use of the left over visible light not used by the wavefront sensor is VAMPIRES and FIRST. These modules are based on aperture masking interferometry and allow for sub-diffraction limited imaging with moderate contrasts of similar to 100-1000:1. Both modules have undergone initial testing on-sky and are set to be fully commissioned by the end of 2014. C1 [Jovanovic, N.; Guyon, O.; Clergeon, C.; Singh, G.; Kudo, T.; Minowa, Y.; Hayano, Y.; Lai, O.; Kotani, T.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Guyon, O.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Martinache, F.] Observ Cote Azur, F-06304 Nice, France. [Clergeon, C.; Singh, G.; Huby, E.; Perrin, G.; Lacour, S.; Vievard, S.] Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Newman, K.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Newman, K.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kuhn, J.; Serabyn, E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Norris, B.; Tuthill, P.; Stewart, P.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Inst Photon & Opt Sci, Sydney Inst Astron SIfA, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Murakami, N.; Fumika, O.] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Engn, Div Appl Phys, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. [White, J.] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Marchis, F.] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Duchene, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Duchene, G.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-3800 Grenoble, France. [Duchene, G.] CNRS, Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble, F-3800 Grenoble, France. [Woillez, J.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Jovanovic, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, 650 N AOhoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM nem@naoj.org NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91471Q DI 10.1117/12.2057249 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800056 ER PT S AU Klein, R Beckmann, S Bryant, A Colditz, S Fischer, C Fumi, F Geis, N Honle, R Krabbe, A Looney, L Poglitsch, A Raab, W Rebell, F Savage, M AF Klein, Randolf Beckmann, Simon Bryant, Aaron Colditz, Sebastian Fischer, Christian Fumi, Fabio Geis, Norbert Hoenle, Rainer Krabbe, Alfred Looney, Leslie Poglitsch, Albrecht Raab, Walfried Rebell, Felix Savage, Maureen BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI FIFI-LS: the facility far-infrared spectrometer for SOFIA SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE AB FIFI-LS is the German far-infrared integral field spectrometer for the SOFIA airborne observatory. The instrument offers medium resolution spectroscopy (R similar to a few 1000) in the far-infrared with two independent spectrometers covering 50-110 and 100-200 mu m. The integral field units of the two spectrometers obtain spectra covering concentric square fields-of-views sized 30 '' and 60 '', respectively. Both spectrometers can observe simultaneously at any wavelength in their ranges making efficient mapping of far-infrared lines possible. FIFI-LS has been commissioned at the airborne observatory SOFIA as a PI instrument in spring 2014. During 2015, the commissioning as facility instrument will be complete and the SOFIA observatory will take over the operation of FIFI-LS. The instrument can already be used by the community. Primary science cases are the study of the galactic and extra-galactic interstellar medium and its processes. In this presentation, the capabilities of FIFI-LS on the SOFIA telescope will be explained and how they are used by the offered observing modes. The remaining atmosphere and the warm telescope create a high background situation, which requires a differential measurement technique. This is achieved by SOFIA's chopping secondary mirror and nodding the telescope. Depending on the source size, different observing modes may be used to observe a source. All modes use spatial and spectral dithering. The resulting data products will be 3D-data cubes. The observing parameters will be specified using AOTs, like the other SOFIA instruments, and created via the tool SSPOT which is similar to the Spitzer Space Telescope SPOT tool. The observations will be done in service mode, but SOFIA invites a few investigators to fly onboard SOFIA during (part of) their observations. C1 [Klein, Randolf; Savage, Maureen] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA USRA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Beckmann, Simon; Bryant, Aaron; Colditz, Sebastian; Fischer, Christian; Fumi, Fabio; Hoenle, Rainer; Krabbe, Alfred; Rebell, Felix] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Space Syst, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Geis, Norbert; Poglitsch, Albrecht; Raab, Walfried] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Looney, Leslie] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Klein, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA USRA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM rklein@sofia.usra.edu OI Klein, Randolf/0000-0002-7187-9126 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91472X DI 10.1117/12.2055371 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800092 ER PT S AU Konopacky, QM Thomas, SJ Macintosh, BA Dillon, D Sadakuni, N Maire, J Fitzgerald, M Hinkley, S Kalas, P Esposito, T Marois, C Ingraham, PJ Marchisk, F Perrin, MD Graham, JR Wang, JJ De Rosa, RJ Morzinski, K Pueyo, L Chilcote, JK Larkin, JE Fabrycky, D Goodsell, SJ Oppenheimer, BR Patience, J Saddlemeyer, L Sivaramakrishnan, A AF Konopacky, Quinn M. Thomas, Sandrine J. Macintosh, Bruce A. Dillon, Daren Sadakuni, Naru Maire, Jerome Fitzgerald, Michael Hinkley, Sasha Kalas, Paul Esposito, Thomas Marois, Christian Ingraham, Patrick J. Marchisk, Franck Perrin, Marshall D. Graham, James R. Wang, Jason J. De Rosa, Robert J. Morzinski, Katie Pueyo, Laurent Chilcote, Jeffrey K. Larkin, James E. Fabrycky, Daniel Goodsell, Stephen J. Oppenheimer, B. R. Patience, Jenny Saddlemeyer, Leslie Sivaramakrishnan, Anand BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Gemini Planet Imager observational calibrations V: astrometry and distortion SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Gemini Planet Imager; GPI; distortion; astrometry; calibration; integral field spectroscopy; planetary dynamics; high contrast imaging ID COMPANION; PHOTOMETRY; SYSTEM; STARS AB We present the results of both laboratory and on sky astrometric characterization of the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI). This characterization includes measurement of the pixel scale* of the integral field spectrograph (IFS), the position of the detector with respect to north, and optical distortion. Two of these three quantities (pixel scale and distortion) were measured in the laboratory using two transparent grids of spots, one with a square pattern and the other with a random pattern. The pixel scale in the laboratory was also estimate using small movements of the artificial star unit (ASU) in the GPI adaptive optics system. On sky, the pixel scale and the north angle are determined using a number of known binary or multiple systems and Solar System objects, a subsample of which had concurrent measurements at Keck Observatory. Our current estimate of the GPI pixel scale is 14.14 +/- 0.01 millarcseconds/ pixel, and the north angle is -1.00 +/- 0.03 degrees. Distortion is shown to be small, with an average positional residual of 0.26 pixels over the field of view, and is corrected using a 5th order polynomial. We also present results from Monte Carlo simulations of the GPI Exoplanet Survey (GPIES) assuming GPI achieves similar to 1 milliarcsecond relative astrometric precision. We find that with this precision, we will be able to constrain the eccentricities of all detected planets, and possibly determine the underlying eccentricity distribution of widely separated Jovians. C1 [Konopacky, Quinn M.; Maire, Jerome] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M55 3H4, Canada. [Thomas, Sandrine J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce A.; Ingraham, Patrick J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 95305 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Dillon, Daren; Sadakuni, Naru] Univ Calif Observ, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sadakuni, Naru; Goodsell, Stephen J.] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Fitzgerald, Michael; Esposito, Thomas; Chilcote, Jeffrey K.; Larkin, James E.] UCLA, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hinkley, Sasha] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kalas, Paul; Graham, James R.; Wang, Jason J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marois, Christian; Saddlemeyer, Leslie] Natl Res Council Canada, Domin Astrophys Observ, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Marchisk, Franck] SETI Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Perrin, Marshall D.; Pueyo, Laurent; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [De Rosa, Robert J.; Patience, Jenny] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [De Rosa, Robert J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Morzinski, Katie] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fabrycky, Daniel] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Oppenheimer, B. R.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Konopacky, QM (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M55 3H4, Canada. RI Fitzgerald, Michael/C-2642-2009; OI Fitzgerald, Michael/0000-0002-0176-8973; Morzinski, Katie/0000-0002-1384-0063; Wang, Jason/0000-0003-0774-6502; Fabrycky, Daniel/0000-0003-3750-0183 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914784 DI 10.1117/12.2056646 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800246 ER PT S AU Larkin, JE Chilcote, JK Aliado, T Bauman, BJ Brims, G Canfield, JM Cardwell, A Dillon, D Doyon, R Dunn, J Fitzgerald, MP Graham, JR Goodsell, S Hartung, M Hibon, P Ingraham, P Johnson, CA Kress, E Konopacky, QM Macintosh, BA Magnone, KG Maire, J McLean, IS Palmer, D Perrin, MD Quiroz, C Rantakyrooe, F Sadakuni, N Saddlemyer, L Serio, A Thibault, S Thomas, SJ Vallee, P Weiss, JL AF Larkin, James E. Chilcote, Jeffrey K. Aliado, Theodore Bauman, Brian J. Brims, George Canfield, John M. Cardwell, Andrew Dillon, Daren Doyon, Rene Dunn, Jennifer Fitzgerald, Michael P. Graham, James R. Goodsell, Stephen Hartung, Markus Hibon, Pascale Ingraham, Patrick Johnson, Christopher A. Kress, Evan Konopacky, Quinn M. Macintosh, Bruce A. Magnone, Kenneth G. Maire, Jerome McLean, Ian S. Palmer, David Perrin, Marshall D. Quiroz, Carlos Rantakyroe, Fredrik Sadakuni, Naru Saddlemyer, Leslie Serio, Andrew Thibault, Simon Thomas, Sandrine J. Vallee, Philippe Weiss, Jason L. BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI The Integral Field Spectrograph for the Gemini Planet Imager SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Integral field spectrograph; Extrasolar planets AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a complex optical system designed to directly detect the self-emission of young planets within two arcseconds of their host stars. After suppressing the starlight with an advanced AO system and apodized coronagraph, the dominant residual contamination in the focal plane are speckles from the atmosphere and optical surfaces. Since speckles are diffractive in nature their positions in the field are strongly wavelength dependent, while an actual companion planet will remain at fixed separation. By comparing multiple images at different wavelengths taken simultaneously, we can freeze the speckle pattern and extract the planet light adding an order of magnitude of contrast. To achieve a bandpass of 20%, sufficient to perform speckle suppression, and to observe the entire two arcsecond field of view at diffraction limited sampling, we designed and built an integral field spectrograph with extremely low wavefront error and almost no chromatic aberration. The spectrograph is fully cryogenic and operates in the wavelength range 1 to 2.4 microns with five selectable filters. A prism is used to produce a spectral resolution of 45 in the primary detection band and maintain high throughput. Based on the OSIRIS spectrograph at Keck, we selected to use a lenslet-based spectrograph to achieve an rms wavefront error of approximately 25 nm. Over 36,000 spectra are taken simultaneously and reassembled into image cubes that have roughly 192x192 spatial elements and contain between 11 and 20 spectral channels. The primary dispersion prism can be replaced with a Wollaston prism for dual polarization measurements. The spectrograph also has a pupil-viewing mode for alignment and calibration. C1 [Larkin, James E.; Chilcote, Jeffrey K.; Aliado, Theodore; Brims, George; Canfield, John M.; Fitzgerald, Michael P.; Johnson, Christopher A.; Kress, Evan; Magnone, Kenneth G.; McLean, Ian S.; Weiss, Jason L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bauman, Brian J.; Macintosh, Bruce A.; Palmer, David] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94040 USA. [Cardwell, Andrew; Goodsell, Stephen; Hartung, Markus; Hibon, Pascale; Quiroz, Carlos; Rantakyroe, Fredrik; Sadakuni, Naru; Serio, Andrew] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Dillon, Daren; Thomas, Sandrine J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UARC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Doyon, Rene; Ingraham, Patrick; Vallee, Philippe] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Dunn, Jennifer; Saddlemyer, Leslie] Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Graham, James R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ingraham, Patrick; Macintosh, Bruce A.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Konopacky, Quinn M.; Maire, Jerome] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Perrin, Marshall D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Thibault, Simon] Univ Laval, Dept Phys, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Thomas, Sandrine J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Larkin, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM larkin@astro.ucla.edu OI Fitzgerald, Michael/0000-0002-0176-8973 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91471K DI 10.1117/12.2056504 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800051 ER PT S AU Logsdon, SE McLean, IS Becklin, EE Dunham, EW Hamilton, RT Johnson, CA Milburn, JW Savage, ML Shenoy, SS Smith, EC Vacca, WD AF Logsdon, Sarah E. McLean, Ian S. Becklin, Eric E. Dunham, Edward W. Hamilton, Ryan T. Johnson, Christopher A. Milburn, Jennifer W. Savage, Maureen L. Shenoy, Sachindev S. Smith, Erin C. Vacca, William D. BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI FLITECAM: early commissioning results SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE commissioning; spectrometer; near-infrared; SOFIA; airborne astronomy ID NARROW-BAND PHOTOMETRY; BROWN DWARFS AB We present a status report and early commissioning results for FLITECAM, the 1-5 micron imager and spectrometer for SOFIA (the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy). In February 2014 we completed six flights with FLITECAM mounted in the FLIPO configuration, a co-mounting of FLITECAM and HIPO (High-speed Imaging Photometer for Occultations; PI Edward W. Dunham, Lowell Observatory). During these flights, the FLITECAM modes from similar to 1-4 mu m were characterized. Since observatory verification flights in 2011, several improvements have been made to the FLITECAM system, including the elimination of a light leak in the FLITECAM filter wheel enclosure, and updates to the observing software. We discuss both the improvements to the FLITECAM system and the results from the commissioning flights, including updated sensitivity measurements. Finally, we discuss the utility of FLITECAM in the FLIPO configuration for targeting exoplanet transits. C1 [Logsdon, Sarah E.; McLean, Ian S.; Johnson, Christopher A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Becklin, Eric E.; Hamilton, Ryan T.; Savage, Maureen L.; Shenoy, Sachindev S.; Vacca, William D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Dunham, Edward W.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Milburn, Jennifer W.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Smith, Erin C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Logsdon, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM slogsdon@astro.ucla.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91472Y DI 10.1117/12.2056874 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800093 ER PT S AU Maire, J Ingraham, PJ De Rosa, RJ Perrin, MD Rajan, A Savransky, D Wang, JJ Ruffio, JB Wolff, SG Chilcote, JK Doyon, R Graham, JR Greenbaum, AZ Konopacky, QM Larkin, JE Macintosh, BA Marois, C Millar-Blanchaer, M Patience, J Pueyo, LA Sivaramakrishnan, A Thomas, SJ Weiss, JL AF Maire, Jerome Ingraham, Patrick J. De Rosa, Robert J. Perrin, Marshall D. Rajan, Abhijith Savransky, Dmitry Wang, Jason J. Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste Wolff, Schuyler G. Chilcote, Jeffrey K. Doyon, Rene Graham, James R. Greenbaum, Alexandra Z. Konopacky, Quinn M. Larkin, James E. Macintosh, Bruce A. Marois, Christian Millar-Blanchaer, Max Patience, Jennifer Pueyo, Laurent A. Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Thomas, Sandrine J. Weiss, Jason L. BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Gemini Planet Imager Observational Calibrations VI: Photometric and Spectroscopic Calibration for the Integral Field Spectrograph SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE spectrophotometry; IFS; data reduction; exoplanets; high-contrast imaging; high angular resolution ID BETA-PICTORIS; HR 8799; ATMOSPHERE; STAR; ASTROMETRY; EXOPLANETS; TELESCOPE; LIBRARY; FLUX AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a new facility instrument for the Gemini Observatory designed to provide direct detection and characterization of planets and debris disks around stars in the solar neighborhood. In addition to its extreme adaptive optics and coronagraphic systems which give access to high angular resolution and high-contrast imaging capabilities, GPI contains an integral field spectrograph providing low resolution spectroscopy across five bands between 0.95 and 2.5 mu m. This paper describes the sequence of processing steps required for the spectro-photometric calibration of GPI science data, and the necessary calibration files. Based on calibration observations of the white dwarf HD 8049 B we estimate that the systematic error in spectra extracted from GPI observations is less than 5%. The flux ratio of the occulted star and fiducial satellite spots within coronagraphic GPI observations, required to estimate the magnitude difference between a target and any resolved companions, was measured in the H-band to be Delta m = 9.23 +/- 0.06 in laboratory measurements and Delta m = 9.39 +/- 0.11 using on-sky observations. Laboratory measurements for the Y, J, K1 and K2 filters are also presented. The total throughput of GPI, Gemini South and the atmosphere of the Earth was also measured in each photometric passband, with a typical throughput in H-band of 18% in the non-coronagraphic mode, with some variation observed over the six-month period for which observations were available. We also report ongoing development and improvement of the data cube extraction algorithm. C1 [Maire, Jerome; Konopacky, Quinn M.] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Ingraham, Patrick J.; Macintosh, Bruce A.] Stanford Univ, Kav li Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [De Rosa, Robert J.; Rajan, Abhijith; Patience, Jennifer] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [De Rosa, Robert J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Perrin, Marshall D.; Pueyo, Laurent A.; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Wang, Jason J.; Graham, James R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Wolff, Schuyler G.; Greenbaum, Alexandra Z.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Chilcote, Jeffrey K.; Larkin, James E.; Weiss, Jason L.] UCLA, Div Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Doyon, Rene] Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Marois, Christian] Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Millar-Blanchaer, Max] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M55 3H4, Canada. [Thomas, Sandrine J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Maire, J (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George Str, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. EM maire@dunlap.utoronto.ca; patricki@stanford.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014; OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Wang, Jason/0000-0003-0774-6502; Greenbaum, Alexandra/0000-0002-7162-8036 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914785 DI 10.1117/12.2056732 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800247 ER PT S AU Moon, DS Sivanandam, S Kutyrev, AS Moseley, SH Graham, JR Roy, A AF Moon, Dae-Sik Sivanandam, Suresh Kutyrev, Alexander S. Moseley, Samuel H. Graham, James R. Roy, Aishwarya BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI The development of ground-based infrared multi-object spectrograph based on the microshutter array SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; infrared; micro-shutter array; multi-object; spectroscopy AB We report on our development of a near-infrared multi-object spectrograph for ground-based applications using the micro-shutter array, which was originally developed for the Near Infrared Spectrograph of the James Webb Space Telescope. The micro-shutter array in this case acts as a source selector at a reimaged telescope focal plane. The developed spectrograph will be implemented either with ground-layer adaptive optics system or multi-conjugate adaptive optics system on a large telescope. This will enable for the first time fully reconfigurable infrared multi-object spectroscopy with adaptive optics systems. We envision studying diverse astronomical objects with our spectrograph, including high-redshift galaxies, galaxy clusters and super star clusters. C1 [Moon, Dae-Sik] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Sivanandam, Suresh] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M55 3H4, Canada. [Kutyrev, Alexander S.; Moseley, Samuel H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Graham, James R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Roy, Aishwarya] Indian Inst Technol Kharagpur, Dept Mech Engn, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. RP Moon, DS (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Astron, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. EM moon@astro.utoronto.ca NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914746 DI 10.1117/12.2057271 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800129 ER PT S AU Osterman, SN Ycas, GG Donaldson, CL Diddams, SA Mahadevan, S Ramsey, LW Plavchan, PP AF Osterman, Steve N. Ycas, Gabriel G. Donaldson, Chelsea L. Diddams, Scott A. Mahadevan, Suvrath Ramsey, Lawrence W. Plavchan, Peter P. BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Near field modal noise reduction using annealed optical fiber SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE modal noise; annealed fiber; near infrared; radial velocity; spectroscopy AB Incomplete and unstable mode population has long complicated the application of optical fiber for transferring star and calibration light to high precision spectrographs. The need for improved precision calibrators in support of radial velocity planet surveys has led to the introduction of coherent wavelengths sources using single mode fibers that are then coupled into multi-mode fibers, further exacerbating this problem. We explore mode scrambling in annealed optical fiber with and without agitation, as compared to that obtained using octagonal fiber and using an integrating sphere. We observe improved scrambling with annealed fibers compared to conventional and octagonal fibers. C1 [Osterman, Steve N.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Osterman, Steve N.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ycas, Gabriel G.; Diddams, Scott A.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Donaldson, Chelsea L.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Diddams, Scott A.] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mahadevan, Suvrath; Ramsey, Lawrence W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mahadevan, Suvrath; Ramsey, Lawrence W.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Plavchan, Peter P.] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Exoplanet Sci Inst, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Plavchan, Peter P.] Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO USA. RP Osterman, SN (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM steven.osterman@jhuapl.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91475C DI 10.1117/12.2058416 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800165 ER PT S AU Perrin, MD Maire, J Ingraham, P Savransky, D Millar-Blanchaer, M Wolff', SG Ruffio, JB Wang, JJ Draper, ZH Sadakuni, N Marois, C Rajan, A Fitzgerald, MP Macintosh, B Graham, JR Doyon, R Larkin, JE Chilcote, JK Goodsell, SJ Palmer, DW Labrie, K Beaulieu, M De Rosa, RJ Greenbaum, AZ Hartung, M Hibon, P Konapacky, Q Lafreniere, D Lavigne, JF Marchis, F Patience, J Pueyo, L Rantakyro, FT Soummer, R Sivaramakrishnan, A Thomas, S Ward-Duong, K Wiktorowicz, S AF Perrin, Marshall D. Maire, Jerome Ingraham, Patrick Savransky, Dmitry Millar-Blanchaer, Max Wolff', Schuyler G. Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste Wang, Jason J. Draper, Zachary H. Sadakuni, Naru Marois, Christian Rajan, Abhijith Fitzgerald, Michael P. Macintosh, Bruce Graham, James R. Doyon, Rene Larkin, James E. Chilcote, Jeffrey K. Goodsell, Stephen J. Palmer, David W. Labrie, Kathleen Beaulieu, Mathilde De Rosa, Robert J. Greenbaum, Alexandra Z. Hartung, Markus Hibon, Pascale Konapacky, Quinn Lafreniere, David Lavigne, Jean-Francois Marchis, Franck Patience, Jenny Pueyo, Laurent Rantakyroe, Fredrik T. Soummer, Remi Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Thomas, Sandrine Ward-Duong, Kimberly Wiktorowicz, Sloane BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Gemini Planet Imager Observational Calibrations I: Overview of the GPI Data Reduction Pipeline SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE exoplanets; high contrast imaging; integral field spectroscopy; polarimetry; data processing ID INTEGRAL-FIELD SPECTROGRAPH; SOFTWARE AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) has as its science instrument an infrared integral field spectrograph/polarimeter (IFS). Integral field spectrographs are scientificially powerful but require sophisticated data reduction systems. For GPI to achieve its scientific goals of exoplanet and disk characterization, IFS data must be reconstructed into high quality astrometrically and photometrically accurate datacubes in both spectral and polarization modes, via flexible software that is usable by the broad Gemini community. The data reduction pipeline developed by the GPI instrument team to meet these needs is now publicly available following GPI's commissioning. This paper, the first of a series, provides a broad overview of GPI data reduction, summarizes key steps, and presents the overall software framework and implementation. Subsequent papers describe in more detail the algorithms necessary for calibrating GPI data. The GPI data reduction pipeline is open source, available from planetimager. org, and will continue to be enhanced throughout the life of the instrument. It implements an extensive suite of task primitives that can be assembled into reduction recipes to produce calibrated datasets ready for scientific analysis. Angular, spectral, and polarimetric differential imaging are supported. Graphical tools automate the production and editing of recipes, an integrated calibration database manages reference files, and an interactive data viewer customized for high contrast imaging allows for exploration and manipulation of data. C1 [Perrin, Marshall D.; Wolff', Schuyler G.; Greenbaum, Alexandra Z.; Pueyo, Laurent; Soummer, Remi; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Maire, Jerome; Konapacky, Quinn] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Ingraham, Patrick; Macintosh, Bruce] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ingraham, Patrick; Doyon, Rene; Lafreniere, David] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Millar-Blanchaer, Max] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Wolff', Schuyler G.; Greenbaum, Alexandra Z.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste; Marchis, Franck] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Wang, Jason J.; Graham, James R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Draper, Zachary H.; Marois, Christian] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Draper, Zachary H.; Marois, Christian] Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Sadakuni, Naru; Goodsell, Stephen J.; Hartung, Markus; Hibon, Pascale; Rantakyroe, Fredrik T.] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Rajan, Abhijith; De Rosa, Robert J.; Patience, Jenny; Ward-Duong, Kimberly] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Fitzgerald, Michael P.; Larkin, James E.; Chilcote, Jeffrey K.] UCLA, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce; Palmer, David W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Labrie, Kathleen] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Beaulieu, Mathilde] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 7293, Observ Cote Azur, Nice 06108 2, France. [De Rosa, Robert J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Lavigne, Jean-Francois] ABB Inc, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Thomas, Sandrine] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine] UC Santa Cruz, UARC, Santa Cruz, CA 95065 USA. [Wiktorowicz, Sloane] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Perrin, MD (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM mperrin@stsci.edu RI Fitzgerald, Michael/C-2642-2009; Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014; OI Fitzgerald, Michael/0000-0002-0176-8973; Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Wang, Jason/0000-0003-0774-6502; Greenbaum, Alexandra/0000-0002-7162-8036 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91473J DI 10.1117/12.2055246 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800109 ER PT S AU Savransky, D Thomas, SJ Poyneer, LA Dunn, J Macintosh, BA Sadakuni, N Dillon, D Goodsell, SJ Hartung, M Hibon, P Rantakyro, F Cardwell, A Seriof, A AF Savransky, Dmitry Thomas, Sandrine J. Poyneer, Lisa A. Dunn, Jennifer Macintosh, Bruce A. Sadakuni, Naru Dillon, Daren Goodsell, Stephen J. Hartung, Markus Hibon, Pascale Rantakyroe, Fredrik Cardwell, Andrew Seriof, Andrew CA GPI Team BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Automated Alignment and On-Sky Performance of the Gemini Planet Imager Coronagraph SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Gemini Planet Imager; GPI; high-contrast imaging; AO; automated operation ID PHOTOMETRY; ASTROMETRY AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a next-generation, facility instrument currently being commissioned at the Gemini South observatory. GPI combines an extreme adaptive optics system and integral field spectrograph (IFS) with an apodized-pupil Lyot coronagraph (APLC) producing an unprecedented capability for directly imaging and spectroscopically characterizing extrasolar planets. GPI's operating goal of 10-7 contrast requires very precise alignments between the various elements of the coronagraph (two pupil masks and one focal plane mask) and active control of the beam path throughout the instrument. Here, we describe the techniques used to automatically align GPI and maintain the alignment throughout the course of science observations. We discuss the particular challenges of maintaining precision alignments on a Cassegrain mounted instrument and strategies that we have developed that allow GPI to achieve high contrast even in poor seeing conditions. C1 [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine J.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. [Poyneer, Lisa A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Dunn, Jennifer] Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Macintosh, Bruce A.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sadakuni, Naru; Goodsell, Stephen J.; Hartung, Markus; Hibon, Pascale; Rantakyroe, Fredrik; Cardwell, Andrew; Seriof, Andrew] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Dillon, Daren] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Univ Calif Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Savransky, D (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ds264@cornell.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914740 DI 10.1117/12.2055752 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800125 ER PT S AU Siles, JV Mehdi, I Lee, C Lin, R Kawamura, J Schlecht, E Bruneau, P Goldsmith, PF AF Siles, Jose V. Mehdi, Imran Lee, Choonsup Lin, Robert Kawamura, Jon Schlecht, Erich Bruneau, Peter Goldsmith, Paul F. BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI A multi-pixel room-temperature local oscillator subsystem for array receivers at 1.9 THz SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Terahertz technology; local oscillators; frequency multipliers; varactor; Schottky diodes; heterodyne receivers; terahertz sources AB We report on the first room-temperature modular multi-pixel Schottky diode-based, tunable, frequency-multiplied local oscillator sub-system at 1.9 THz. This source has been developed to enable efficient high-resolution mapping of the C+ line using suborbital platforms such as the SOFIA aircraft and balloons, as well as space instruments. This compact LO source features four multipliers (X3X2X3X3) to up-convert Ka-band power to 1.9 THz. Preliminary results at 300 K demonstrate more than 5 mu W per pixel at 1.9 THz. The source is designed to provide a large output power dynamic range and can be expanded to larger array receivers. C1 [Siles, Jose V.; Mehdi, Imran; Lee, Choonsup; Lin, Robert; Kawamura, Jon; Schlecht, Erich; Bruneau, Peter; Goldsmith, Paul F.] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Siles, JV (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914777 DI 10.1117/12.2055011 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800217 ER PT S AU Smith, EC Miles, JW Helton, LA Sankrit, R Andersson, BG Becklin, EE De Buizer, JM Dowell, CD Dunham, EW Gusten, R Harper, DA Herter, TL Keller, LD Klein, R Krabbe, A Logsdon, S Marcum, PM McLean, IS Reach, WT Richter, MJ Roellig, TL Sandell, G Savage, ML Temi, P Vacca, WD Vaillancourt, JE Van Cleve, JE Young, ET AF Smith, Erin C. Miles, John W. Helton, L. Andrew Sankrit, Ravi Andersson, B-G Becklin, Eric E. De Buizer, James M. Dowell, C. Darren Dunham, Edward W. Guesten, Rolf Harper, Doyal A. Herter, Terry L. Keller, Luke D. Klein, Randolf Krabbe, Alfred Logsdon, Sarah Marcum, Pamela M. McLean, Ian S. Reach, William T. Richter, Matthew J. Roellig, Thomas L. Sandell, Goeran Savage, Maureen L. Temi, Pasquale Vacca, William D. Vaillancourt, John E. Van Cleve, Jeffrey E. Young, Erick T. BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI SOFIA science instruments: commissioning, upgrades and future opportunities SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Equipment and services; mid infrared; far infrared; imaging systems; infrared astronomy; observatories; spectrometers; telescopes ID CAMERA; GREAT AB The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) is the world's largest airborne observatory, featuring a 2.5 meter effective aperture telescope housed in the aft section of a Boeing 747SP aircraft. SOFIA's current instrument suite includes: FORCAST (Faint Object InfraRed CAmera for the SOFIA Telescope), a 5-40 mu m dual band imager/grism spectrometer developed at Cornell University; HIPO (High-speed Imaging Photometer for Occultations), a 0.3-1.1 mu m imager built by Lowell Observatory; GREAT (German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies), a multichannel heterodyne spectrometer from 60-240 mu m, developed by a consortium led by the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy; FLITECAM (First Light Infrared Test Experiment CAMera), a 1-5 mu m wide-field imager/grism spectrometer developed at UCLA; FIFI-LS (Far-Infrared Field-Imaging Line Spectrometer), a 42-200 mu m IFU grating spectrograph completed by University Stuttgart; and EXES (Echelon-Cross-Echelle Spectrograph), a 5-28 mu m highresolution spectrometer designed at the University of Texas and being completed by UC Davis and NASA Ames Research Center. HAWC+(High-resolution Airborne Wideband Camera) is a 50-240 mu m imager that was originally developed at the University of Chicago as a first-generation instrument (HAWC), and is being upgraded at JPL to add polarimetry and new detectors developed at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). SOFIA will continually update its instrument suite with new instrumentation, technology demonstration experiments and upgrades to the existing instrument suite. This paper details the current instrument capabilities and status, as well as the plans for future instrumentation. C1 [Miles, John W.; Helton, L. Andrew; Sankrit, Ravi; Andersson, B-G; Becklin, Eric E.; De Buizer, James M.; Klein, Randolf; Reach, William T.; Sandell, Goeran; Savage, Maureen L.; Vacca, William D.; Vaillancourt, John E.; Van Cleve, Jeffrey E.; Young, Erick T.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Dowell, C. Darren] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Dunham, Edward W.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Guesten, Rolf] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Harper, Doyal A.] Univ Chicago, Yerkes Observ, Williams Bay, WI 53191 USA. [Herter, Terry L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Keller, Luke D.] Ithaca Coll, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Krabbe, Alfred] Univ Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Smith, Erin C.; Marcum, Pamela M.; Roellig, Thomas L.; Temi, Pasquale] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Logsdon, Sarah; McLean, Ian S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Richter, Matthew J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Smith, EC (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 232, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. OI Andersson, B-G/0000-0001-6717-0686; Klein, Randolf/0000-0002-7187-9126; Vaillancourt, John/0000-0001-8916-1828; Reach, William/0000-0001-8362-4094 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914706 DI 10.1117/12.2056942 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800006 ER PT S AU Sugai, H Tamura, N Karoji, H Shimono, A Takato, N Kimura, M Ohyama, Y Ueda, A Aghazarian, H de Arruda, MV Barkhouser, RH Bennett, CL Bickerton, S Bozier, A Braun, DF Bui, K Capocasale, CM Carr, MA Castilho, B Chang, YC Chen, HY Chou, RCY Dawson, OR Dekany, RG Ek, EM Ellis, RS English, RJ Ferrand, D Ferreira, D Fisher, CD Golebiowski, M Gunn, JE Hart, M Heckman, TM Ho, PTP Hope, S Hovland, LE Hsu, SF Hu, YS Huang, PJ Jaquet, M Karr, JE Kempenaar, JG King, ME Le Fevre, O Le Mignant, D Ling, HH Loomis, C Lupton, RH Madec, F Mao, P Marrara, LS Menard, B Morantz, C Murayama, H Murray, GJ de Oliveira, AC de Oliveira, CM de Oliveira, LS Orndorff, JD Vilaca, RD Partos, EJ Pascal, S Pegot-Ogier, T Reiley, DJ Riddle, R Santos, L dos Santos, JB Schwochert, MA Seiffert, MD Smee, SA Smith, RM Steinkraus, RE Sodre, L Spergel, DN Surace, C Tresse, L Vidal, C Vives, S Wang, SY Wen, CY Wu, AC Wyse, R Yan, CH AF Sugai, Hajime Tamura, Naoyuki Karoji, Hiroshi Shimono, Atsushi Takato, Naruhisa Kimura, Masahiko Ohyama, Youichi Ueda, Akitoshi Aghazarian, Hrand de Arruda, Marcio Vital Barkhouser, Robert H. Bennett, Charles L. Bickerton, Steve Bozier, Alexandre Braun, David F. Bui, Khanh Capocasale, Christopher M. Carr, Michael A. Castilho, Bruno Chang, Yin-Chang Chen, Hsin-Yo Chou, Richard C. Y. Dawson, Olivia R. Dekany, Richard G. Ek, Eric M. Ellis, Richard S. English, Robin J. Ferrand, Didier Ferreira, Decio Fisher, Charles D. Golebiowski, Mirek Gunn, James E. Hart, Murdock Heckman, Timothy M. Ho, Paul T. P. Hope, Stephen Hovland, Larry E. Hsu, Shu-Fu Hu, Yen-Shan Huang, Pin Jie Jaquet, Marc Karr, Jennifer E. Kempenaar, Jason G. King, Matthew E. Le Fevre, Olivier Le Mignant, David Ling, Hung-Hsu Loomis, Craig Lupton, Robert H. Madec, Fabrice Mao, Peter Marrara, Lucas Souza Menard, Brice Morantz, Chaz Murayama, Hitoshi Murray, Graham J. de Oliveira, Antonio Cesar de Oliveira, Claudia Mendes de Oliveira, Ligia Souza Orndorff, Joe D. Vilaca, Rodrigo de Paiva Partos, Eamon J. Pascal, Sandrine Pegot-Ogier, Thomas Reiley, Daniel J. Riddle, Reed Santos, Leandro dos Santos, Jesulino Bispo Schwochert, Mark A. Seiffert, Michael D. Smee, Stephen A. Smith, Roger M. Steinkraus, Ronald E. Sodre, Laerte, Jr. Spergel, David N. Surace, Christian Tresse, Laurence Vidal, Clement Vives, Sebastien Wang, Shiang-Yu Wen, Chih-Yi Wu, Amy C. Wyse, Rosie Yan, Chi-Hung BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Progress with the Prime Focus Spectrograph for the Subaru Telescope: a massively multiplexed optical and near-infrared fiber spectrograph SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS); Subaru telescope; optical/near-infrared; multi-fiber spectroscopy; Wide Field Corrector; microlens; fiber positioner; Schmidt spectrograph ID EXCHANGER AB The Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) is an optical/near-infrared multi-fiber spectrograph with 2394 science fibers, which are distributed in 1.3 degree diameter field of view at Subaru 8.2-meter telescope. The simultaneous wide wavelength coverage from 0.38 mu m to 1.26 mu m, with the resolving power of 3000, strengthens its ability to target three main survey programs: cosmology, Galactic archaeology, and galaxy/AGN evolution. A medium resolution mode with resolving power of 5000 for 0.71 mu m to 0.89 mu m also will be available by simply exchanging dispersers. PFS takes the role for the spectroscopic part of the Subaru Measurement of Images and Redshifts (SuMIRe) project, while Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) works on the imaging part. HSC's excellent image qualities have proven the high quality of the Wide Field Corrector (WFC), which PFS shares with HSC. The PFS collaboration has succeeded in the project Preliminary Design Review and is now in a phase of subsystem Critical Design Reviews and construction. To transform the telescope plus WFC focal ratio, a 3-mm thick broad-band coated microlens is glued to each fiber tip. The microlenses are molded glass, providing uniform lens dimensions and a variety of refractive-index selection. After successful production of mechanical and optical samples, mass production is now complete. Following careful investigations including Focal Ratio Degradation (FRD) measurements, a higher transmission fiber is selected for the longest part of cable system, while one with a better FRD performance is selected for the fiber-positioner and fiber-slit components, given the more frequent fiber movements and tightly curved structure. Each Fiber positioner consists of two stages of piezo-electric rotary motors. Its engineering model has been produced and tested. After evaluating the statistics of positioning accuracies, collision avoidance software, and interferences (if any) within/between electronics boards, mass production will commence. Fiber positioning will be performed iteratively by taking an image of artificially back-illuminated fibers with the Metrology camera located in the Cassegrain container. The camera is carefully designed so that fiber position measurements are unaffected by small amounts of high special-frequency inaccuracies in WFC lens surface shapes. Target light carried through the fiber system reaches one of four identical fast-Schmidt spectrograph modules, each with three arms. All optical glass blanks are now being polished. Prototype VPH gratings have been optically tested. CCD production is complete, with standard fully-depleted CCDs for red arms and more-challenging thinner fully-depleted CCDs with blue-optimized coating for blue arms. The active damping system against cooler vibration has been proven to work as predicted, and spectrographs have been designed to avoid small possible residual resonances. C1 [Sugai, Hajime; Tamura, Naoyuki; Karoji, Hiroshi; Shimono, Atsushi; Bickerton, Steve; Murayama, Hitoshi] Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Takato, Naruhisa] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI USA. [Kimura, Masahiko; Ohyama, Youichi; Chang, Yin-Chang; Chen, Hsin-Yo; Chou, Richard C. Y.; Ho, Paul T. P.; Hsu, Shu-Fu; Hu, Yen-Shan; Huang, Pin Jie; Karr, Jennifer E.; Ling, Hung-Hsu; Wang, Shiang-Yu; Wen, Chih-Yi; Yan, Chi-Hung] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Ueda, Akitoshi] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Aghazarian, Hrand; Braun, David F.; Capocasale, Christopher M.; Dawson, Olivia R.; Ek, Eric M.; English, Robin J.; Fisher, Charles D.; Hovland, Larry E.; Kempenaar, Jason G.; King, Matthew E.; Morantz, Chaz; Partos, Eamon J.; Schwochert, Mark A.; Seiffert, Michael D.; Steinkraus, Ronald E.; Wu, Amy C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [de Arruda, Marcio Vital; Castilho, Bruno; Ferreira, Decio; Marrara, Lucas Souza; de Oliveira, Antonio Cesar; de Oliveira, Ligia Souza; Vilaca, Rodrigo de Paiva; Santos, Leandro; dos Santos, Jesulino Bispo] MCTI, Lab Nacl Astrofis, Itajuba, MG, Brazil. [Barkhouser, Robert H.; Bennett, Charles L.; Hart, Murdock; Heckman, Timothy M.; Hope, Stephen; Menard, Brice; Orndorff, Joe D.; Smee, Stephen A.; Wyse, Rosie] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bozier, Alexandre; Ferrand, Didier; Golebiowski, Mirek; Jaquet, Marc; Le Fevre, Olivier; Le Mignant, David; Madec, Fabrice; Pascal, Sandrine; Pegot-Ogier, Thomas; Surace, Christian; Tresse, Laurence; Vidal, Clement; Vives, Sebastien] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Marseille, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Bui, Khanh; Ellis, Richard S.; Mao, Peter; Reiley, Daniel J.; Riddle, Reed; Seiffert, Michael D.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Carr, Michael A.; Gunn, James E.; Loomis, Craig; Lupton, Robert H.; Spergel, David N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dekany, Richard G.; Smith, Roger M.] CALTECH, Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Murray, Graham J.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Ctr Adv Instrumentat, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [de Oliveira, Claudia Mendes; Sodre, Laerte, Jr.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geofis & Ciencias Atmosfer, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Sugai, H (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. EM hajime.sugai@ipmu.jp RI Sodre, Laerte/P-6045-2016 OI Sodre, Laerte/0000-0002-3876-268X NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91470T DI 10.1117/12.2054294 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800026 ER PT S AU Toy, VL Kutyrev, AS Lyness, EI Muench, M Robinson, FD Lotkin, GN Capone, JI Veilleux, S Moseley, SH Gehrels, NA Vogel, SN AF Toy, Vicki L. Kutyrev, Alexander S. Lyness, Eric I. Muench, Marius Robinson, F. David Lotkin, Gennadiy N. Capone, John I. Veilleux, Sylvain Moseley, Samuel H. Gehrels, Neil A. Vogel, Stuart N. BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Detector driver systems and photometric estimates for RIMAS SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE detectors; RIMAS; photometry; GRB; infrared; efficiency; H2RG; InSb ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; IMAGER AB The Rapid infrared IMAger-Spectrometer (RIMAS) is a rapid gamma-ray burst afterglow instrument that will provide photometric and spectroscopic coverage of the Y, J, H, and K bands. RIMAS separates light into two optical arms, YJ and HK, which allows for simultaneous coverage in two photometric bands. RIMAS utilizes two 2048 x 2048 pixel Teledyne HgCdTe (HAWAII-2RG) detectors along with a Spitzer Legacy IndiumAntimonide (InSb) guiding detector in spectroscopic mode to position and keep the source on the slit. We describe the software and hardware development for the detector driver and acquisition systems. The HAWAII-2RG detectors simultaneously acquire images using Astronomical Research Cameras, Inc. driver, timing, and processing boards with two C++ wrappers running assembly code. The InSb detector clocking and acquisition system runs on a National Instruments cRIO-9074 with a Labview user interface and clocks written in an easily alterable ASCII file. We report the read noise, linearity, and dynamic range of our guide detector. Finally, we present RIMAS's estimated instrument efficiency in photometric imaging mode (for all three detectors) and expected limiting magnitudes. Our efficiency calculations include atmospheric transmission models, filter models, telescope components, and optics components for each optical arm. C1 [Toy, Vicki L.; Kutyrev, Alexander S.; Capone, John I.; Veilleux, Sylvain; Vogel, Stuart N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kutyrev, Alexander S.; Lyness, Eric I.; Robinson, F. David; Lotkin, Gennadiy N.; Moseley, Samuel H.; Gehrels, Neil A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Muench, Marius] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Telemat, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. RP Toy, VL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM vtoy@astro.umd.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91472W DI 10.1117/12.2054767 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800091 ER PT S AU Wang, JJ Rajan, A Graham, JR Savransky, D Ingraham, PJ Ward-Duong, K Patience, J De Rosa, RJ Bulger, J Sivaramakrishnan, A Perrin, MD Thomas, SJ Sadakuni, N Greenbaum, AZ Pueyo, L Marois, C Oppenheimer, BR Kalas, P Cardwell, A Goodsell, S Hibon, P Rantakyro, FT AF Wang, Jason J. Rajan, Abhijith Graham, James R. Savransky, Dmitry Ingraham, Patrick J. Ward-Duong, Kimberly Patience, Jennifer De Rosa, Robert J. Bulger, Joanna Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Perrin, Marshall D. Thomas, Sandrine J. Sadakuni, Naru Greenbaum, Alexandra Z. Pueyo, Laurent Marois, Christian Oppenheimer, Ben R. Kalas, Paul Cardwell, Andrew Goodsell, Stephen Hibon, Pascale Rantakyroe, Fredrik T. CA GPI Team BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Gemini Planet Imager Observational Calibrations VIII: Characterization and Role of Satellite Spots SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE high contrast imaging; exoplanets; astrometry; spectrophotometry; Gemini Planet Imager; GPI ID PHOTOMETRY; ASTROMETRY AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) combines extreme adaptive optics, an integral field spectrograph, and a high performance coronagraph to directly image extrasolar planets in the near-infrared. Because the coronagraph blocks most of the light from the star, it prevents the properties of the host star from being measured directly. Instead, satellite spots, which are created by diffraction from a square grid in the pupil plane, can be used to locate the star and extract its spectrum. We describe the techniques implemented into the GPI Data Reduction Pipeline to measure the properties of the satellite spots and discuss the precision of the reconstructed astrometry and spectrophotometry of the occulted star. We find the astrometric precision of the satellite spots in an H-band datacube to be 0.05 pixels and is best when individual satellite spots have a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of > 20. In regards to satellite spot spectrophotometry, we find that the total flux from the satellite spots is stable to 7% and scales linearly with central star brightness and that the shape of the satellite spot spectrum varies on the 2% level. C1 [Wang, Jason J.; Graham, James R.; Kalas, Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rajan, Abhijith; Ward-Duong, Kimberly; Patience, Jennifer; De Rosa, Robert J.; Bulger, Joanna] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ingraham, Patrick J.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [De Rosa, Robert J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Sivaramakrishnan, Anand; Perrin, Marshall D.; Greenbaum, Alexandra Z.; Pueyo, Laurent] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UARC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sadakuni, Naru; Cardwell, Andrew; Goodsell, Stephen; Hibon, Pascale; Rantakyroe, Fredrik T.] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Greenbaum, Alexandra Z.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Marois, Christian] Natl Res Council Canada Herzberg, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Marois, Christian] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Oppenheimer, Ben R.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Wang, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jwang@astro.berkeley.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014; OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Wang, Jason/0000-0003-0774-6502; Greenbaum, Alexandra/0000-0002-7162-8036 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914755 DI 10.1117/12.2055753 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800159 ER PT S AU Wang, SY Braun, DF Schwochert, MA Huang, PJ Kimura, M Chen, HY Reiley, DJ Mao, P Fisher, CD Tamura, N Chang, YC Hu, YS Ling, HH Wen, CY Richard, CYC Takato, N Sugai, H Ohyama, Y Karoji, H Shimono, A Ueda, A AF Wang, Shiang-Yu Braun, David F. Schwochert, Mark A. Huang, Pin-Jie Kimura, Masahiko Chen, Hsin-Yo Reiley, Dan J. Mao, Peter Fisher, Charles D. Tamura, Naoyuki Chang, Yin-Chang Hu, Yen-Sang Ling, Hung-Hsu Wen, Chih-Yi Richard, C. -Y. Chou Takato, Naruhisa Sugai, Hajime Ohyama, Youichi Karoji, Hiroshi Shimono, Atsushi Ueda, Akitoshi BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Prime Focus Instrument of Prime Focus Spectrograph for Subaru Telescope SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Prime Focus; mechanical structure; guiding camera; multi-fiber; spectrograph AB The Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) is a new optical/near-infrared multi-fiber spectrograph design for the prime focus of the 8.2m Subaru telescope. PFS will cover 1.3 degree diameter field with 2394 fibers to complement the imaging capability of Hyper SuprimeCam (HSC). The prime focus unit of PFS called Prime Focus Instrument (PFI) provides the interface with the top structure of Subaru telescope and also accommodates the optical bench in which Cobra fiber positioners are located. In addition, the acquisition and guiding (A&G) cameras, the optical fiber positioner system, the cable wrapper, the fiducial fibers, illuminator, and viewer, the field element, and the telemetry system are located inside the PFI. The mechanical structure of the PFI was designed with special care such that its deflections sufficiently match those of the HSC's Wide Field Corrector (WFC) so the fibers will stay on targets over the course of the observations within the required accuracy. C1 [Wang, Shiang-Yu; Huang, Pin-Jie; Kimura, Masahiko; Chen, Hsin-Yo; Chang, Yin-Chang; Hu, Yen-Sang; Ling, Hung-Hsu; Wen, Chih-Yi; Richard, C. -Y. Chou; Ohyama, Youichi] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei, Taiwan. [Braun, David F.; Schwochert, Mark A.; Fisher, Charles D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kimura, Masahiko; Tamura, Naoyuki; Sugai, Hajime; Karoji, Hiroshi; Shimono, Atsushi] Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Univ WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Reiley, Dan J.; Mao, Peter] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Takato, Naruhisa] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI USA. [Ueda, Akitoshi] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei, Taiwan. EM sywang@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91475Q DI 10.1117/12.2057247 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800174 ER PT S AU Wiktorowicz, SJ Millar-Blanchaer, M Perrin, MD Graham, JR Fitzgerald, MP Maire, J Ingrahamm, P Savransky, D Macintosh, BA Thomas, SJ Chilcote, JK Draper, ZH Song, I Cardwell, A Goodsell, SJ Hartung, M Hibon, P Rantakyro, F Sadakuni, N AF Wiktorowicz, Sloane J. Millar-Blanchaer, Max Perrin, Marshall D. Graham, James R. Fitzgerald, Michael P. Maire, Jerome Ingrahamm, Patrick Savransky, Dmitry Macintosh, Bruce A. Thomas, Sandrine J. Chilcote, Jeffrey K. Draper, Zachary H. Song, Inseok Cardwell, Andrew Goodsell, Stephen J. Hartung, Markus Hibon, Pascale Rantakyro, Fredrik Sadakuni, Naru CA GPI Team BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Gemini Planet Imager Observational Calibrations VII: On-Sky Polarimetric Performance of the Gemini Planet SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Polarimetry; coronagraphy; circumstellar disks; adaptive optics; high contrast; interstellar polarizaiton ID INTERSTELLAR LINEAR-POLARIZATION; X-RAY BINARIES; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; STARS AB We present on-sky polarimetric observations with the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) obtained at straight Cassegrain focus on the Gemini South 8-m telescope. Observations of polarimetric calibrator stars, ranging from nearly unpolarized to strongly polarized, enable determination of the combined telescope and instrumental polarization. We find the conversion of Stokes I to linear and circular instrumental polarization in the instrument frame to be I -> (Q(IP), U-IP, P-IP, V-IP) = (-0.037 +/- 0.010%, +0.4338 +/- 0.0075%, 0.4354 +/- 0.0075%, -6.64 +/- 0.56%). Such precise measurement of instrumental polarization enables similar to 0.1% absolute accuracy in measurements of linear polarization, which together with GPI's high contrast will allow GPI to explore scattered light from circumstellar disk in unprecedented detail, conduct observations of a range of other astronomical bodies, and potentially even study polarized thermal emission from young exoplanets. Observations of unpolarized standard stars also let us quantify how well GPI's differential polarimetry mode can suppress the stellar PSF halo. We show that GPI polarimetry achieves cancellation of unpolarized starlight by factors of 100-200, reaching the photon noise limit for sensitivity to circumstellar scattered light for all but the smallest separations at which the calibration for instrumental polarization currently sets the limit. C1 [Wiktorowicz, Sloane J.] UC Santa Cruz, Dept Astron, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Millar-Blanchaer, Max] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Perrin, Marshall D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Graham, James R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fitzgerald, Michael P.; Chilcote, Jeffrey K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Maire, Jerome] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Ingrahamm, Patrick] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ingrahamm, Patrick] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, UARC, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Draper, Zachary H.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Song, Inseok] Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Cardwell, Andrew; Hartung, Markus; Hibon, Pascale; Rantakyro, Fredrik; Sadakuni, Naru] Southern Operat Ctr, Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Goodsell, Stephen J.] Northern Operat Ctr, Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Wiktorowicz, SJ (reprint author), UC Santa Cruz, Dept Astron, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM sloanew@ucolick.org RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 914783 DI 10.1117/12.2056616 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800245 ER PT S AU Aguayo, EJ Lyon, R Helmbrech, M Khomusi, S AF Aguayo, Eduardo J. Lyon, Richard Helmbrech, Michael Khomusi, Sausan BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, M Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA TI FEM correlation and shock analysis of a VNC MEMS mirror segment SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Society, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE MEMS; Mechanical Shock; Finite Element Modeling; Stress Prediction; Displacement Prediction; Residual Stresses; Deformable Mirror AB Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are becoming more prevalent in today's advanced space technologies. The Visible Nulling Coronagraph (VNC) instrument, being developed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, uses a MEMS Mirror to correct wavefront errors. This MEMS Mirror, the Multiple Mirror Array (MMA), is a key component that will enable the VNC instrument to detect Jupiter and ultimately Earth size exoplanets. Like other MEMS devices, the MMA faces several challenges associated with spaceflight. Therefore, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is being used to predict the behavior of a single MMA segment under different spaceflight-related environments. Finite Element Analysis results are used to guide the MMA design and ensure its survival during launch and mission operations. A Finite Element Model (FEM) has been developed of the MMA using COMSOL. This model has been correlated to static loading on test specimens. The correlation was performed in several steps-simple beam models were correlated initially, followed by increasingly complex and higher fidelity models of the MMA mirror segment. Subsequently, the model has been used to predict the dynamic behavior and stresses of the MMA segment in a representative spaceflight mechanical shock environment. The results of the correlation and the stresses associated with a shock event are presented herein. C1 [Aguayo, Eduardo J.; Khomusi, Sausan] Newton Corp, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. [Lyon, Richard] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Aguayo, EJ (reprint author), Newton Corp, 12603 Safety Turn,Ste 203, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. EM e.aguayo@thenewtoncorp.com NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9611-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9143 AR 91435C DI 10.1117/12.2074250 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WK UT WOS:000354526800165 ER PT S AU Arenberg, J Atkinson, C Breckinridge, J Conti, A Feinberg, L Lillie, C MacEwen, H Polidan, R Postman, M Matthews, G Smith, E AF Arenberg, Jonathan Atkinson, Charles Breckinridge, Jim Conti, Alberto Feinberg, Lee Lillie, Charles MacEwen, Howard Polidan, Ronald Postman, Marc Matthews, Gary Smith, Eric BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, M Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA TI A New Paradigm for Space Astrophysics Mission Design SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Society, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE Space Mission Design; Cost Scaling; Standardization AB Pursuing ground breaking science in a highly cost-constrained environment presents new challenges to the development of future space astrophysics missions. Within the conventional cost models for large observatories, executing a flagship "mission after next" appears to be unstainable. To achieve our nation's science ambitions requires a new paradigm of system design, development and manufacture. This paper explores the nature of the current paradigm and proposes a series of steps to guide the entire community to a sustainable future. C1 [Arenberg, Jonathan; Atkinson, Charles; Conti, Alberto; Polidan, Ronald] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Breckinridge, Jim] Breckinridge Associates LLC, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Feinberg, Lee] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lillie, Charles] Lillie Consulting LLC, Playa Del Rey, CA 90293 USA. [MacEwen, Howard] Reviresco LLC, Annandale, VA 22003 USA. [Postman, Marc] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Matthews, Gary] Exelis, Rochester, NY 14606 USA. [Smith, Eric] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. RP Arenberg, J (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, 1 Space Pk Dr, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. OI Conti, Alberto/0000-0002-3773-2753; Arenberg, Jonathan/0000-0003-1096-5634 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9611-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9143 AR 914315 DI 10.1117/12.2055509 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WK UT WOS:000354526800035 ER PT S AU Arenberg, JW Adamson, J Harpole, G Macias, M Niedner, MB Bowers, CW Mehalick, KI Lightsey, PA AF Arenberg, Jonathan W. Adamson, Joshua Harpole, George Macias, Matthew Niedner, Malcolm B. Bowers, Charles W. Mehalick, Kimberly I. Lightsey, Paul A. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, M Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA TI Determination of Emissivities of Key Thermo-Optical Surfaces on the James Webb Space Telescope SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Society, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE; ALUMINUM AB The James Webb Telescope (JWST) is a large cryo-optical system. Many critical thermal control or optical surfaces are exposed to ground and flight environments and are expected to be contaminated to some level. In order to calculate key system performance parameters, such as stray light and radiative thermal transfer, the emissivity must be known in terms of contamination level and temperature. This paper will introduce the methods of determining these emissivities, and the discussion will cover the types of particulate and molecular contamination expected on JWST. The results of the calculations will be introduced and discussed. C1 [Arenberg, Jonathan W.; Adamson, Joshua; Harpole, George; Macias, Matthew] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Niedner, Malcolm B.; Bowers, Charles W.; Mehalick, Kimberly I.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lightsey, Paul A.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Arenberg, JW (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. OI Arenberg, Jonathan/0000-0003-1096-5634 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9611-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9143 AR 91433Q DI 10.1117/12.2055514 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WK UT WOS:000354526800112 ER PT S AU Atkinson, C Texter, S Keski-Kuha, R Feinberg, L AF Atkinson, Charlie Texter, Scott Keski-Kuha, Ritva Feinberg, Lee BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, M Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA TI Status of the JWST Optical Telescope Element SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Society, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE JWST; space-based; observatory; infrared AB Significant progress has been made in the development of the Optical Telescope Element (OTE) for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Observatory. All of the mirror assemblies are complete and delivered. The composite Primary Mirror Backplane Support Structure (PMBSS) has completed assembly and in Static Load testing. All the deployment mechanisms have completed their qualification programs. This paper will discuss the current status of all the OTE components and the plan forward to completion. C1 [Atkinson, Charlie; Texter, Scott] Northrop Grumman, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. [Keski-Kuha, Ritva; Feinberg, Lee] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Atkinson, C (reprint author), Northrop Grumman, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9611-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9143 AR 914303 DI 10.1117/12.2055546 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WK UT WOS:000354526800003 ER PT S AU Belikov, R Lozi, J Pluzhnik, E Hix, TT Bendek, E Thomas, SJ Lynch, DH Mihara, R Irwin, JW Duncan, AL Greene, TP Guyon, O Kendrick, RL Smith, EH Witteborn, FC Schneider, G AF Belikov, Ruslan Lozi, Julien Pluzhnik, Eugene Hix, Troy T. Bendek, Eduardo Thomas, Sandrine J. Lynch, Dana H. Mihara, Roger Irwin, J. Wes Duncan, Alan L. Greene, Thomas P. Guyon, Olivier Kendrick, Richard L. Smith, Eric H. Witteborn, Fred C. Schneider, Glenn BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, M Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA TI EXCEDE Technology Development III: First Vacuum Tests. SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Society, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE exoplanets; coronagraph; debris disk; EXCEDE; high contrast; IWA; explorer; direct imaging AB This paper is the third in the series on the technology development for the EXCEDE (EXoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer) mission concept, which in 2011 was selected by NASA's Explorer program for technology development (Category III). EXCEDE is a 0.7m space telescope concept designed to achieve raw contrasts of 1e6 at an inner working angle of 1.2 l/D and 1e7 at 2 l/D and beyond. This will allow it to directly detect and spatially resolve low surface brightness circumstellar debris disks as well as image giant planets as close as in the habitable zones of their host stars. In addition to doing fundamental science on debris disks, EXCEDE will also serve as a technological and scientific precursor for any future exo-Earth imaging mission. EXCEDE uses a Starlight Suppression System (SSS) based on the PIAA coronagraph, enabling aggressive performance. Previously, we reported on the achievement of our first milestone (demonstration of EXCEDE IWA and contrast in monochromatic light) in air. In this paper, we report on our continuing progress of developing the SSS for EXCEDE, and in particular (a) the reconfiguration of our system into a more flight-like layout, with an upstream deformable mirror and an inverse PIAA system, as well as a LOWFS, and (b) testing this system in a vacuum chamber, including IWA, contrast, and stability performance. The results achieved so far are 2.9e-7 contrast between 1.2-2.0 l/D and 9.7e-8 contrast between 2.0-6.0 l/D in monochromatic light; as well as 1.4e-6 between 2.0-6.0 l/D in a 10% band, all with a PIAA coronagraph operating at an inner working angle of 1.2 l/D. This constitutes better contrast than EXCEDE requirements (in those regions) in monochromatic light, and progress towards requirements in broadband light. Even though this technology development is primarily targeted towards EXCEDE, it is also germane to any exoplanet direct imaging space-based telescopes because of the many challenges common to different coronagraph architectures and mission requirements. This work was supported in part by the NASA Explorer program and Ames Research Center, University of Arizona, and Lockheed Martin SSC. C1 [Belikov, Ruslan; Pluzhnik, Eugene; Bendek, Eduardo; Thomas, Sandrine J.; Lynch, Dana H.; Greene, Thomas P.; Witteborn, Fred C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lozi, Julien; Duncan, Alan L.; Guyon, Olivier; Schneider, Glenn] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Hix, Troy T.; Mihara, Roger; Irwin, J. Wes; Kendrick, Richard L.; Smith, Eric H.] Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Belikov, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Ruslan.belikov@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9611-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9143 AR 914323 DI 10.1117/12.2057028 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WK UT WOS:000354526800064 ER PT S AU Bendek, EA Belikov, R Lozi, J Schneider, G Thomas, S Pluhznik, E Lynch, D AF Bendek, Eduardo A. Belikov, Ruslan Lozi, Julien Schneider, Glenn Thomas, Sandrine Pluhznik, Eugene Lynch, Dana BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, M Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA TI Opto-mechanical design of the vacuum compatible EXCEDE's mission testbed SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Society, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE Exoplanets; Coronagraph; PIAA; Deformable mirrors AB In this paper we describe the opto-mechanical design, tolerance error budget an alignment strategies used to build the Starlight Suppression System (SSS) for the Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer (EXCEDE) NASA's mission. EXCEDE is a highly efficient 0.7m space telescope concept designed to directly image and spatially resolve circumstellar disks with as little as 10 zodis of circumstellar dust, as well as large planets. The main focus of this work was the design of a vacuum compatible opto-mechanical system that allows remote alignment and operation of the main components of the EXCEDE. SSS, which are: a Phase Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) coronagraph to provide high throughput and high contrast at an inner working angle (IWA) equal to the diffraction limit (IWA = 1.2 l/D), a wavefront (WF) control system based on a Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System deformable mirror (MEMS DM), and low order wavefront sensor (LOWFS) for fine pointing and centering. We describe in strategy and tolerance error budget for this system, which is especially relevant to achieve the theoretical performance that PIAA coronagraph can offer. We also discuss the vacuum cabling design for the actuators, cameras and the Deformable Mirror. This design has been implemented at the vacuum chamber facility at Lockheed Martin (LM), which is based on successful technology development at the Ames Coronagraph Experiment (ACE) facility. C1 [Bendek, Eduardo A.; Belikov, Ruslan; Lozi, Julien; Thomas, Sandrine; Pluhznik, Eugene; Lynch, Dana] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lozi, Julien; Schneider, Glenn] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bendek, EA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9611-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9143 AR 91435D DI 10.1117/12.2057016 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WK UT WOS:000354526800166 ER PT S AU Birkmann, SM Ferruit, P de Oliveira, CA Boker, T Marchi, G Giardino, G Sirianni, M Stuhlinger, M Jensen, P Rumler, P Falcolini, M Plate, MBJT Cresci, G Dorner, B Ehrenwinkler, R Gnata, X Wettemann, T AF Birkmann, Stephan M. Ferruit, Pierre de Oliveira, Catarina Alves Boeker, Torsten de Marchi, Guido Giardino, Giovanna Sirianni, Marco Stuhlinger, Martin Jensen, Peter Rumler, Peter Falcolini, Massimo Plate, Maurice B. J. te Cresci, Giovanni Dorner, Bernhard Ehrenwinkler, Ralf Gnata, Xavier Wettemann, Thomas BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, M Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA TI Status of the JWST/NIRSpec instrument SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Society, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE James Webb Space Telescope; JWST; Near Infrared Spectrograph; NIRSpec AB The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) is one of the four instruments on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), scheduled for launch in 2018. NIRSpec has been designed and built by the European Space Agency (ESA) with Airbus Defense and Space Germany as prime contractor. The instrument covers the wavelength range from 0.6 to 5.3 micron and will be able to obtain spectra of more than 100 astronomical objects simultaneously by means of a configurable array of micro-shutters. It also features an integral field unit and a suite of slits for high contrast spectroscopy of individual objects. The extensive ground calibration campaign of NIRSpec was completed in Summer 2013, after which it was delivered to NASA for integration into the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM). We highlight the major results from the instrument level calibration campaign which demonstrated full compliance with all opto-mechanical performance requirements. In addition, we present the current status of the instrument, describe the ongoing preparations for the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) test campaign to begin in June 2014, and briefly discuss plans for the pending exchange of the detector and micro-shutter assemblies following the first ISIM test cycle. C1 [Birkmann, Stephan M.; Boeker, Torsten; Sirianni, Marco] European Space Agcy STScI, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ferruit, Pierre; de Marchi, Guido; Giardino, Giovanna; Jensen, Peter; Rumler, Peter; Falcolini, Massimo] Estec, European Space Agcy, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [de Oliveira, Catarina Alves; Stuhlinger, Martin] ESAC, European Space Agcy, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Plate, Maurice B. J. te] GSFC, European Space Agcy, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cresci, Giovanni] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Dorner, Bernhard] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Ehrenwinkler, Ralf; Gnata, Xavier; Wettemann, Thomas] Airbus Def & Space, D-81663 Munich, Germany. RP Birkmann, SM (reprint author), European Space Agcy STScI, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM stephan.birkmann@esa.int OI Cresci, Giovanni/0000-0002-5281-1417 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9611-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9143 AR 914308 DI 10.1117/12.2054642 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WK UT WOS:000354526800008 ER PT S AU Cady, E Shaklan, S AF Cady, Eric Shaklan, Stuart BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, M Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA TI Measurements of incoherent light and background structure at exo-Earth detection levels in the High Contrast Imaging Testbed SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Society, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council AB A major component of the estimation and correction of starlight at very high contrasts is the creation of a dark hole: a region in the vicinity of the core of the stellar point spread function (PSF) where speckles in the PSF wings have been greatly attenuated, up to a factor of 1010 for the imaging of terrestrial exoplanets. At these very high contrasts, removing these speckles requires distinguishing between light from the stellar PSF scattered by instrument imperfections, which may be partially corrected across a broad band using deformable mirrors in the system, from light from other sources which generally may not. These other sources may be external or internal to the instrument (e.g. planets, exozodiacal light), but in either case, their distinguishing characteristic is their inability to interfere coherently with the PSF. In the following we discuss the estimation, structure, and expected origin of this "incoherent" signal, primarily in the context of a series of experiments made with a linear band-limited mask in Jan-Mar 2013. We find that the "incoherent" signal at moderate contrasts is largely estimation error of the coherent signal, while at very high contrasts it represents a true floor which is stable over week-timescales. C1 [Cady, Eric; Shaklan, Stuart] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Cady, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM eric.j.cady@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9611-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9143 AR 914338 DI 10.1117/12.2055271 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WK UT WOS:000354526800100 ER PT S AU Cataldo, G Hsieh, WT Huang, WC Moseley, SH Stevenson, TR Wollack, EJ AF Cataldo, Giuseppe Hsieh, Wen-Ting Huang, Wei-Chung Moseley, S. Harvey Stevenson, Thomas R. Wollack, Edward J. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, M Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA TI Micro-Spec: an integrated direct-detection spectrometer for far-infrared space telescopes SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Society, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE Far-infrared; submillimeter; spectroscopy AB The far-infrared and submillimeter portions of the electromagnetic spectrum provide a unique view of the astro-physical processes present in the early universe. Our ability to fully explore this rich spectral region has been limited, however, by the size and cost of the cryogenic spectrometers required to carry out such measurements. Micro-Spec (mu-Spec) is a high-sensitivity, direct-detection spectrometer concept working in the 450-1000 mu m wavelength range which will enable a wide range of flight missions that would otherwise be challenging due to the large size of current instruments with the required spectral resolution and sensitivity. The spectrometer design utilizes two internal antenna arrays, one for transmitting and one for receiving, superconducting microstrip transmission lines for power division and phase delay, and an array of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) to achieve these goals. The instrument will be integrated on a similar to 10 cm(2) silicon chip and can therefore become an important capability under the low background conditions accessible via space and high-altitude borne platforms. In this paper, an optical design methodology for mu-Spec is presented, with particular attention given to its two-dimensional diffractive region, where the light of different wavelengths is focused on the different detectors. The method is based on the maximization of the instrument resolving power and minimization of the RMS phase error on the instrument focal plane. This two-step optimization can generate geometrical configurations given specific requirements on spectrometer size, operating spectral range and performance. Two point designs with resolving power of 260 and 520 and an RMS phase error less than similar to 0.004 radians were developed for initial demonstration and will be the basis of future instruments with resolving power up to about 1200. C1 [Cataldo, Giuseppe; Hsieh, Wen-Ting; Huang, Wei-Chung; Moseley, S. Harvey; Stevenson, Thomas R.; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cataldo, Giuseppe] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Cataldo, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Giuseppe.Cataldo@nasa.gov RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9611-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9143 AR 91432C DI 10.1117/12.2055202 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WK UT WOS:000354526800072 ER PT S AU Chen, PC Rabin, DM AF Chen, Peter C. Rabin, Douglas M. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, M Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA TI Smart Materials Optical Mirrors SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Society, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE carbon nanotube; smart material; active optics; telescope mirrors; optical replication ID CARBON NANOTUBE; COMPOSITES; ACTUATORS; SENSORS AB We report the fabrication of imaging quality optical mirrors with smooth surfaces using carbon nanotubes embedded in an epoxy matrix. CNT/epoxy is a multifunctional or 'smart' composite material that has sensing capabilities and can be made to incorporate self-actuation as well. Moreover, since the precursor is a low density liquid, large and lightweight mirrors can be fabricated by processes such as replication, spincasting, and 3D printing. The technology therefore holds promise for development of a new generation of lightweight, compact 'smart' telescope mirrors with figure sensing and active or adaptive figure control. We report on measurements made of optical and mechanical characteristics. We discuss possible paths for future development. C1 [Chen, Peter C.] Lightweight Telescopes Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. [Chen, Peter C.] Catholic Univ Amer, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Chen, Peter C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rabin, Douglas M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chen, PC (reprint author), Lightweight Telescopes Inc, 5469 Hound Hill Court, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9611-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9143 AR 914350 DI 10.1117/12.2057035 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WK UT WOS:000354526800155 ER PT S AU Clampin, M AF Clampin, Mark BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, M Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA TI James Webb Space Telescope: The Road to First Science Observations (Presentation Video) SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Society, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Clampin, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9611-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9143 AR 91430L DI 10.1117/12.2063455 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WK UT WOS:000354526800018 ER PT S AU Clampin, M AF Clampin, Mark BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, M Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA TI Recent Progress with the JWST Observatory SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Society, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large aperture (6.5 meter), cryogenic space telescope with a suite of near and mid-infrared instruments covering the wavelength range of 0.6 mu m -28 mu m. JWST's primary science goal is to detect and characterize the first galaxies. It will also study the assembly of galaxies, star formation, and the formation of evolution of planetary systems. JWST is a segmented mirror telescope operating at similar to 40K, a temperature achieved by passive cooling of the observatory, via a large, 5-layer membrane-based sunshield. We present an overview of the observatory systems design, the science instruments and the mission science objectives. With the completion of the Spacecraft Critical Design Review, the spacecraft has also fully transitioned to fabrication. We will discuss recent highlights associated with the Observatory, including completion and delivery of the primary mirror segments, delivery of the primary mirror backplane and its wings, and the delivery of five template membrane layers. We will also summarize the current predicted performance of the telescope, including stray light, pointing and image quality following the completion of the final design review. Finally, the current schedule through to launch will be presented with a summary of integration and test activities planned when the science payload is delivered to Northrop Grumman following cryo-optical testing at the Johns Space Flight Center. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Clampin, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9611-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9143 AR 914302 DI 10.1117/12.2057537 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WK UT WOS:000354526800002 ER PT S AU Crouzier, A Malbet, F Preis, O Henault, F Kern, P Martin, G Feautrier, P Stadler, E Lafrasse, S Delboulbe, A Behar, E Saint-Pe, M Dupont, J Potin, S Cara, C Donati, M Doumayrou, E Lagage, PO Leger, A LeDuigou, JM Shao, M Goullioud, R AF Crouzier, A. Malbet, F. Preis, O. Henault, F. Kern, P. Martin, G. Feautrier, P. Stadler, E. Lafrasse, S. Delboulbe, A. Behar, E. Saint-Pe, M. Dupont, J. Potin, S. Cara, C. Donati, M. Doumayrou, E. Lagage, P. O. Leger, A. LeDuigou, J. M. Shao, M. Goullioud, R. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, M Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA TI Metrology calibration and very high accuracy centroiding with the NEAT testbed SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Society, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE exoplanets; astrometry; space telescope; centroid; calibration; micro-pixel accuracy; interferometry; metrology; data processing AB NEAT is an astrometric mission proposed to ESA with the objectives of detecting Earth-like exoplanets in the habitable zone of nearby solar-type stars. NEAT requires the capability to measure stellar centroids at the precision of 5 x 10(-6) pixel. Current state-of-the-art methods for centroid estimation have reached a precision of about 2 x 10(-5) pixel at two times Nyquist sampling, this was shown at the JPL by the VESTA experiment. A metrology system was used to calibrate intra and inter pixel quantum efficiency variations in order to correct pixelation errors. The European part of the NEAT consortium is building a testbed in vacuum in order to achieve 5 x 10(-6) pixel precision for the centroid estimation. The goal is to provide a proof of concept for the precision requirement of the NEAT spacecraft. The testbed consists of two main sub-systems. The first one produces pseudo stars: a blackbody source is fed into a large core fiber and lights-up a pinhole mask in the object plane, which is imaged by a mirror on the CCD. The second sub-system is the metrology, it projects young fringes on the CCD. The fringes are created by two single mode fibers facing the CCD and fixed on the mirror. In this paper we present the experiments conducted and the results obtained since July 2013 when we had the first light on both the metrology and pseudo stars. We explain the data reduction procedures we used. C1 [Crouzier, A.; Malbet, F.; Preis, O.; Henault, F.; Kern, P.; Martin, G.; Feautrier, P.; Stadler, E.; Lafrasse, S.; Delboulbe, A.; Behar, E.; Saint-Pe, M.; Dupont, J.; Potin, S.] Inst Astrophys & Planetol Grenoble, Grenoble, France. [Cara, C.; Donati, M.; Doumayrou, E.; Lagage, P. O.] Commisariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, Ctr Etud Nucl Saclay, Paris, France. [Leger, A.] Ctr Univ Orsay, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Paris, France. [LeDuigou, J. M.] Ctr Natl Etud Statiales, Paris, France. [Shao, M.; Goullioud, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Crouzier, A (reprint author), Inst Astrophys & Planetol Grenoble, 414 Rue la Piscine, Grenoble, France. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9611-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9143 AR 91434S DI 10.1117/12.2056956 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WK UT WOS:000354526800147 ER PT S AU Feinberg, LD Jones, A Mosier, G Rioux, N Redding, D Kienlen, M AF Feinberg, Lee D. Jones, Andrew Mosier, Gary Rioux, Norman Redding, Dave Kienlen, Mike BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, M Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA TI A Cost-effective and Serviceable ATLAST 9.2m Telescope Architecture SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Society, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE Space Telescope; JWST; OTE; James Webb Space Telescope; Pathfinder AB The ATLAST 9.2m architecture has evolved to be more cost effective while also meeting a more thorough understanding of the driving science requirements. The new approach can fit in an existing Delta IV Heavy rocket and makes extensive use of heritage and selective use of technology in order to minimize development time and cost. We have performed a more thorough look at how to meet the stability requirements for both thermal and dynamics and have an approach consistent with an initial error budget. In addition, we have developed concepts to support robotic or human servicing in a cost effective manner through a modular approach that relies on simple, external access and metrology. These refinements to the architecture enable a cost-effective, long-lifecycle, and relatively low risk approach to development. C1 [Feinberg, Lee D.; Jones, Andrew; Mosier, Gary; Rioux, Norman] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Redding, Dave] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Feinberg, LD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9611-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9143 AR 914316 DI 10.1117/12.2054915 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WK UT WOS:000354526800036 ER PT S AU Feinberg, LD Keski-Kuha, R Atkinson, C Booth, A Whitman, T AF Feinberg, Lee D. Keski-Kuha, Ritva Atkinson, Charlie Booth, Andrew Whitman, Tony BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, M Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA TI James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Optical Telescope Element (OTE) Pathfinder Status and Plans SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Society, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE Space Telescope; JWST; OTE; James Webb Space Telescope; Pathfinder AB A JWST OTE Pathfinder telescope that includes two spare primary mirror segments, a spare secondary mirror, and a large composite structure with a deployed secondary support structure is in the assembly stage and will be fully completed this year. This Pathfinder will check out key steps in the ambient mirror integration process and also be used at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) to check out the optical Ground Support Equipment (GSE) and associated procedures that will be used to test the full JWST telescope and instruments at JSC. This paper will summarize the Pathfinder integration and testing flow, the critical Ground Support Equipment it will test and the key tests planned with the Pathfinder. C1 [Feinberg, Lee D.; Keski-Kuha, Ritva] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Atkinson, Charlie] Northrop Grumman, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Booth, Andrew] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Whitman, Tony] Exelis, Rochester, NY 14606 USA. RP Feinberg, LD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9611-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9143 AR 91430E DI 10.1117/12.2054782 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WK UT WOS:000354526800012 ER PT S AU Goullioud, R Zhao, F Tang, H Wu, J AF Goullioud, R. Zhao, F. Tang, H. Wu, J. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, M Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA TI The WFIRST-AFTA Coronagraph design update SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP American Astron Soc, Australian Astron Observatory, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Canadian Astron Soc, Canadian Space Agcy, European Astron Society, European So Observatory, Natl Radio Astron Observatory, Royal Astron Soc, Sci & Technol Facilities Council DE WFISRT; AFTA; exoplanets; coronagraph AB The most recent concept for the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) flight mission features a secondary, descopable, instrument that will perform exoplanet detection via coronagraphy of the host star. This observatory is based on the existing Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets (AFTA) 2.4-meter telescope. The mission will study exoplanets via coronagraphy and gravitational microlensing, probe dark energy, and survey the near infrared sky. Over the past year, the engineering team has been working with the science definition team to refine the mission and payload concepts. We present the current design of the coronagraph instrument point design. C1 [Goullioud, R.; Zhao, F.; Tang, H.; Wu, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Goullioud, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM renaud.goullioud@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9611-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9143 AR 91430S DI 10.1117/12.2057393 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WK UT WOS:000354526800024 ER EF