FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Branduardi-Raymont, G Bhardwaj, A Elsner, RF Rodriguez, P AF Branduardi-Raymont, G. Bhardwaj, A. Elsner, R. F. Rodriguez, P. TI X-rays from Saturn: a study with XMM-Newton and Chandra over the years 2002-05 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: individual: Saturn; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; EMISSION; JUPITER; AURORAE AB Aim. We approach the study of Saturn and its environment in a novel way using X-ray data, by making a systematic and uniform spectral analysis of all the X-ray observations of the planet to date. Methods. We present the results of the two most recent (2005) XMM-Newton observations of Saturn together with the re-analysis of an earlier (2002) observation from the XMM-Newton archive and of three Chandra observations in 2003 and 2004. While the XMM-Newton telescope resolution does not enable us to resolve spatially the contributions of the planet's disk and rings to the X-ray flux, we can estimate their strengths and their evolution over the years from spectral analysis, and compare them with those observed with Chandra. Results. The spectrum of the X-ray emission is well fitted by an optically thin coronal model with an average temperature of 0.5 keV. The addition of a fluorescent oxygen emission line at similar to 0.53 keV improves the fits significantly. In accordance with earlier reports, we interpret the coronal component as emission from the planetary disk, produced by the scattering of solar X-rays in Saturn's upper atmosphere, and the line as originating from the Saturnian rings. The strength of the disk X-ray emission is seen to decrease over the period 2002-2005, following the decay of solar activity towards the current minimum in the solar cycle. By comparing the relative fluxes of the disk X-ray emission and the oxygen line, we suggest that the line strength does not vary over the years in the same fashion as the disk flux. We consider possible alternatives for the origin of the line. The connection between solar activity and the strength of Saturn's disk X-ray emission is investigated and compared with that of Jupiter. We also discuss the apparent lack of X-ray aurorae on Saturn; by comparing the planet's parameters relevant to aurora production with those of Jupiter we conclude that Saturnian X-ray aurorae are likely to have gone undetected because they are below the sensitivity threshold of current Earth-bound observatories. A similar comparison for Uranus and Neptune leads to the same disappointing conclusion, which is likely to hold true also with the planned next generation International X-ray Observatory. The next step in advancing this research can only be realised with in-situ X-ray observations at the planets. C1 [Branduardi-Raymont, G.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Bhardwaj, A.] Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Trivandrum 695022, Kerala, India. [Elsner, R. F.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NSSTC XD12, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Rodriguez, P.] XMM Newton SOC, Madrid 28080, Spain. RP Branduardi-Raymont, G (reprint author), Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM gbr@mssl.ucl.ac.uk OI Bhardwaj, Anil/0000-0003-1693-453X FU ESA Member States; USA (NASA); UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. FX G. B. R. acknowledges useful discussions with G. H. Jones and suggestions by T. E. Cravens. This work is based in part on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and the USA (NASA). The Mullard Space Science Laboratory acknowledges financial support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 510 AR A73 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200913110 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 574RB UT WOS:000276009100058 ER PT J AU Drahus, M Kuppers, M Jarchow, C Paganini, L Hartogh, P Villanueva, GL AF Drahus, M. Kueppers, M. Jarchow, C. Paganini, L. Hartogh, P. Villanueva, G. L. TI The HCN molecule as a tracer of the nucleus rotation of comet 73P-C/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE comets: individual: 73P-C/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3; submillimeter: planetary systems ID SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; O1 HALE-BOPP; DEEP IMPACT; RADIO OBSERVATIONS; B2 HYAKUTAKE; SUBMILLIMETER; MILLIMETER; SPECTROSCOPY; 9P/TEMPEL-1; WAVELENGTHS AB Context. The causes of cometary break-ups are still uncertain. One suggested mechanism is splitting due to fast rotation of the nucleus. This can be tested by measuring rotation periods of cometary fragments. Aims. The exceptionally close approach of the split comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 to the Earth in May 2006 made it an ideal target to investigate the rotation of its fragments. We used the HCN light curve for this purpose, because it is particularly sensitive to the rotation of the nucleus and at the same time it allows us to study the physics of cometary activity. Methods. Comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 was observed between May 1 and 22, 2006, with the Submillimeter Telescope on Mt. Graham, Arizona, USA. Emission from HCN and CS were clearly detected. In this work we focus exclusively on the observations of the HCN molecule in fragment C, obtained during five nights between May 10 and 22, 2006, which provide the best S/N and the best temporal coverage. Results. The light curve of comet 73P-C/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 in HCN shows strong non-random variations, most probably stimulated by the nucleus rotation. The variability has an amplitude of about a factor of 2 on a time scale of hours. Among several plausible solutions for periodicity, we found strong indications for a rotation period of between 3.0 and 3.4 h, consistent with the determination from the Hubble Space Telescope. At 1 AU from the Sun the mean-diurnal HCN production rate was 2.7 x 10(25) molec s(-1) ( with an uncertainty of about 20%) and the coma was expanding with a velocity of 0.8 +/- 0.1 kms(-1). The line position was evolving with a phase angle that is visible in the night-averaged spectra. Conclusions. Evolution of the line position is consistent with the solar-stimulated activity. The mean-diurnal HCN production rate should be considered as very high, and it requires an unusually large fraction of the nucleus area to be active, whereas the coma expansion velocity was typical. The proposed rotation period, being the shortest ever determined for a cometary nucleus, cautiously suggests the disruption of the parent body due to a large centrifugal force, though it cannot be considered as a proof of this scenario. On the other hand, the observed stability of 73P-C against the rotational disruption suggests a bulk tensile strength of at least 14-45 Pa. The rotation period was surprisingly stable, indicating that no more than about 0.2% of the total outgassing was effectively accelerating or decelerating the nucleus spin. This is consistent with the large active fraction of the nucleus. C1 [Drahus, M.; Kueppers, M.; Jarchow, C.; Paganini, L.; Hartogh, P.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Kueppers, M.] ESA, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Villanueva, G. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Drahus, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. EM drahus@mps.mpg.de NR 65 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 510 AR A55 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/20078882 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 574RB UT WOS:000276009100057 ER PT J AU Huffenberger, KM Crill, BP Lange, AE Gorski, KM Lawrence, CR AF Huffenberger, K. M. Crill, B. P. Lange, A. E. Gorski, K. M. Lawrence, C. R. TI Measuring Planck beams with planets SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmological parameters; cosmology: observations ID HIGH-FREQUENCY INSTRUMENT; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; DESTRIPING TECHNIQUE; WINDOW FUNCTIONS; POWER SPECTRUM; ANISOTROPY; CMB; MAPS; BRIGHTNESS AB Aims. Accurate measurement of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy requires precise knowledge of the instrument beam. We explore how well the Planck beams will be determined from observations of planets, developing techniques that are also appropriate for other experiments. Methods. We simulate planet observations with a Planck-like scanning strategy, telescope beams, noise, and detector properties. Then we employ both parametric and non-parametric techniques, reconstructing beams directly from the time-ordered data. With a faithful parameterization of the beam shape, we can constrain certain detector properties, such as the time constants of the detectors, to high precision. Alternatively, we decompose the beam using an orthogonal basis. For both techniques, we characterize the errors in the beam reconstruction with Monte Carlo realizations. For a simplified scanning strategy, we study the impact on estimation of the CMB power spectrum. Finally, we explore the consequences for measuring cosmological parameters, focusing on the spectral index of primordial scalar perturbations, n(s). Results. The quality of the power spectrum measurement will be significantly influenced by the optical modeling of the telescope. In our most conservative case, using no information about the optics except the measurement of planets, we find that a single transit of Jupiter across the focal plane will measure the beam window functions to better than 0.3% for the channels at 100-217 GHz that are the most sensitive to the CMB. Constraining the beam with optical modeling can lead to much higher quality reconstruction. Conclusions. Depending on the optical modeling, the beam errors may be a significant contribution to the measurement systematics for ns. C1 [Huffenberger, K. M.] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Huffenberger, K. M.; Crill, B. P.; Lange, A. E.; Gorski, K. M.; Lawrence, C. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Huffenberger, K. M.; Crill, B. P.; Lange, A. E.; Gorski, K. M.; Lawrence, C. R.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Huffenberger, KM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Knight Phys Bldg,1320 Campo Sano Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. EM huffenbe@physics.miami.edu OI Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099 NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 510 AR A58 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200913117 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 574RB UT WOS:000276009100064 ER PT J AU McIntosh, SW Innes, DE De Pontieu, B Leamon, RJ AF McIntosh, S. W. Innes, D. E. De Pontieu, B. Leamon, R. J. TI STEREO observations of quasi-periodically driven high velocity outflows in polar plumes SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; solar wind; Sun: transition region ID CORONAL HOLES; TRANSITION REGION; TURBULENCE-DRIVEN; SOLAR ATMOSPHERE; ALFVEN WAVES; H-ALPHA; SUMER; WIND; MACROSPICULES; CHROMOSPHERE AB Context. Plumes are one of the most ubiquitous features seen at the limb in polar coronal holes and are considered to be a source of high density plasma streams to the fast solar wind. Aims. We analyze STEREO observations of plumes and aim to reinterpret and place observations with previous generations of EUV imagers within a new context that was recently developed from Hinode observations. Methods. We exploit the higher signal-to-noise, spatial and temporal resolution of the EUVI telescopes over that of SOHO/EIT to study the temporal variation of polar plumes in high detail. We employ recently developed insight from imaging (and spectral) diagnostics of active region, plage, and quiet Sun plasmas to identify the presence of apparent motions as high-speed upflows in magnetic regions as opposed to previous interpretations of propagating waves. Results. In almost all polar plumes observed at the limb in these STEREO sequences, in all coronal passbands, we observe high speed jets of plasma traveling along the structures with a mean velocity of 135 km s(-1) at a range of temperatures from 0.5-1.5 MK. The jets have an apparent brightness enhancement of similar to 5% above that of the plumes they travel on and repeat quasi-periodically, with repeat-times ranging from five to twenty-five minutes. We also notice a very weak, fine scale, rapidly evolving, but ubiquitous companion of the plumes that covers the entire coronal hole limb. Conclusions. The observed jets are remarkably similar in intensity enhancement, periodicity and velocity to those observed in other magnetic regions of the solar atmosphere. They are multi-thermal in nature. We infer that the jets observed on the plumes are a source of heated mass to the fast solar wind. Further, based on the previous results that motivated this study, we suggest that these jets originated in the upper chromosphere. C1 [McIntosh, S. W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Innes, D. E.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [De Pontieu, B.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Leamon, R. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ADNET Syst Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McIntosh, SW (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM mscott@ucar.edu FU NASA [NNX08AH45G, NNX08BA99G, NNH08CC02C]; National Science Foundation FX We have benefited and are grateful for frequent discussions with Joe Gurman and Marco Velli. This work was started at a workshop in ISSI, Bern "Small-scale transient phenomena and their contribution to coronal heating". B. D. P., S. W. M., and R.J.L were supported by NASA grants NNX08AH45G, NNX08BA99G, and NNH08CC02C. The EUVI data used here were produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory USA), Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab USA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center USA), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory UK), University of Birmingham UK), Max-Planck-Institut for Solar System Research Germany), Centre Spatiale de Liege Belgium), Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee France), and Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale France). STEREO is a project of NASA. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 38 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 510 AR L2 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200913699 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 574RB UT WOS:000276009100001 ER PT J AU Micelotta, ER Jones, AP Tielens, AGGM AF Micelotta, E. R. Jones, A. P. Tielens, A. G. G. M. TI Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon processing in interstellar shocks SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE shock waves; dust, extinction; supernovae: general ID INFRARED-EMISSION BANDS; ASTROPHYSICAL IMPLICATIONS; ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; GRAIN DESTRUCTION; CARBONACEOUS DUST; THRESHOLD ENERGY; GRAPHITE; PAHS; MOLECULES; EVOLUTION AB Context. PAHs appear to be an ubiquitous interstellar dust component but the effects of shocks waves upon them have never been fully investigated. Aims. We study the effects of energetic (approximate to 0.01-1 keV) ion (H, He and C) and electron collisions on PAHs in interstellar shock waves. Methods. We calculate the ion-PAH and electron-PAH nuclear and electronic interactions, above the threshold for carbon atom loss from a PAH, in 50-200 km s(-1) shock waves in the warm intercloud medium. Results. Interstellar PAHs (N-C = 50) do not survive in shocks with velocities greater than 100 kms(-1) and larger PAHs (NC = 200) are destroyed for shocks with velocities = 125 km s(-1). For shocks in the approximate to 75-100 km s(-1) range, where destruction is not complete, the PAH structure is likely to be severely denatured by the loss of an important fraction (20-40%) of the carbon atoms. We derive typical PAH lifetimes of the order of a few x10(8) yr for the Galaxy. These results are robust and independent of the uncertainties in some key parameters that have yet to be well-determined experimentally. Conclusions. The observation of PAH emission in shock regions implies that that emission either arises outside the shocked region or that those regions entrain denser clumps that, unless they are completely ablated and eroded in the shocked gas, allow dust and PAHs to survive in extreme environments. C1 [Micelotta, E. R.; Tielens, A. G. G. M.] Leiden Univ, Sterrewacht Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Micelotta, E. R.; Jones, A. P.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Micelotta, E. R.; Jones, A. P.] CNRS, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Tielens, A. G. G. M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Micelotta, ER (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Sterrewacht Leiden, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM micelot@strw.leidenuniv.nl OI Micelotta, Elisabetta/0000-0002-6555-5109 FU EARA Training Network (EU) [MEST-CT-2004-504604] FX We are grateful to L. Allamandola and L. Verstraete for useful discussions, and we acknowledge our referee Tom Hartquist for careful reading and helpful comments. E. R. M. thanks G. Lavaux for support and technical assistance and acknowledges financial support by the EARA Training Network (EU grant MEST-CT-2004-504604). NR 56 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 18 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 510 AR A36 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200911682 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 552PI UT WOS:000274305100037 ER PT J AU Micelotta, ER Jones, AP Tielens, AGGM AF Micelotta, E. R. Jones, A. P. Tielens, A. G. G. M. TI Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon processing in a hot gas SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE shock waves; dust, extinction; ISM: jets and outflows ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT N132D; SCATTERING CROSS-SECTION; X-RAY-EMISSION; INTERSTELLAR DUST; INFRARED-EMISSION; SHOCKS; SPECTROSCOPY; DESTRUCTION; REGION; M82 AB Context. PAHs are thought to be a ubiquitous and important dust component of the interstellar medium. However, the effects of their immersion in a hot (post-shock) gas have never before been fully investigated. Aims. We study the effects of energetic ion and electron collisions on PAHs in the hot post-shock gas behind interstellar shock waves. Methods. We calculate the ion-PAH and electron-PAH nuclear and electronic interactions, above the carbon atom loss threshold, in H II regions and in the hot post-shock gas for temperatures ranging from 10(3)-10(8) K. Results. PAH destruction is dominated by He collisions at low temperatures (T < 3 x 10(4) K), and by electron collisions at higher temperatures. Smaller PAHs are destroyed faster for T < 10(6) K, but the destruction rates are roughly the same for all PAHs at higher temperatures. The PAH lifetime in a tenuous hot gas (n(H) approximate to 0.01 cm(-3), T approximate to 10(7) K), typical of the coronal gas in galactic outflows, is found to be about thousand years, orders of magnitude shorter than the typical lifetime of such objects. Conclusions. In a hot gas, PAHs are principally destroyed by electron collisions and not by the absorption of X-ray photons from the hot gas. The resulting erosion of PAHs occurs via C-2 loss from the periphery of the molecule, thus preserving the aromatic structure. The observation of PAH emission from a million degree, or more, gas is only possible if the emitting PAHs are ablated from dense, entrained clumps that have not yet been exposed to the full effect of the hot gas. C1 [Micelotta, E. R.; Tielens, A. G. G. M.] Leiden Univ, Sterrewacht Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Micelotta, E. R.; Jones, A. P.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Micelotta, E. R.; Jones, A. P.] CNRS, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Tielens, A. G. G. M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Micelotta, ER (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Sterrewacht Leiden, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM micelot@strw.leidenuniv.nl OI Micelotta, Elisabetta/0000-0002-6555-5109 FU EARA Training Network (EU) [MEST-CT-2004-504604] FX We are grateful to L. Allamandola and L. Verstraete for useful discussions, and we acknowledge our referee Tom Hartquist for careful reading and helpful comments. E. R. M. thanks G. Lavaux for support and technical assistance and acknowledges financial support by the EARA Training Network (EU grant MEST-CT-2004-504604). NR 54 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 19 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 510 AR A37 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200911683 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 552PI UT WOS:000274305100038 ER PT J AU Shore, SN Wahlgren, GM Genovali, K Bernabei, S Koubsky, P Slechta, M Skoda, P Skopal, A Wolf, M AF Shore, S. N. Wahlgren, G. M. Genovali, K. Bernabei, S. Koubsky, P. Slechta, M. Skoda, P. Skopal, A. Wolf, M. TI The spectroscopic evolution of the symbiotic star AG Draconis I. The O VI Raman, Balmer, and helium emission line variations during the outburst of 2006-2008 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: individual: AG Draconis; binaries: symbiotic; radiation mechanisms: general; atomic processes ID IUE OBSERVATIONS; ACTIVE PHASE; BIPOLAR JETS; HM-SAGITTAE; OVI LINES; ULTRAVIOLET; PHOTOMETRY; V1016-CYGNI; EXTINCTION; ACCRETION AB Context. AG Dra is one of a small group of low metallicity S-type symbiotic binaries with K-type giants that undergoes occasional short-term outbursts of unknown origin. Aims. Our aim is to study the behavior of the white dwarf during an outburst using the optical Raman lines and other emission features in the red giant wind. The goal is to determine changes in the envelope and the wind of the gainer in this system during a major outburst event and to study the coupling between the UV and optical during a major outburst. Methods. Using medium and high resolution groundbased optical spectra and comparisons with archival FUS E and HST/STIS spectra, we study the evolution of the Raman O VI features and the Balmer, He I, and He II lines during the outburst from 2006 Sep. through 2007 May and include more recent observations (2009) to study the subsequent evolution of the source. Results. The O VI Raman features disappeared completely at the peak of the major outburst and the subsequent variation differs substantially from that reported during the previous decade. The He I and He II lines, and the Balmer lines, vary in phase with the Raman features but there is a double-valuedness to the He I 6678, 7065 relative to the O VI Raman 6825 angstrom variations in the period between 2006-2008 that has not been previously reported. Conclusions. The variations in the Raman feature ratio through the outburst interval are consistent with the disappearance of the O VI FUV resonance wind lines from the white dwarf and of the surrounding O+5 ionized region within the red giant wind provoked by the expansion and cooling of the white dwarf photosphere. C1 [Shore, S. N.; Genovali, K.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis Enrico Fermi, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Shore, S. N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Wahlgren, G. M.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Wahlgren, G. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bernabei, S.] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Koubsky, P.; Slechta, M.; Skoda, P.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Astron, CS-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. [Skopal, A.] Slovak Acad Sci, Astron Inst, Tatranskna Lomnica 05960, Slovakia. [Wolf, M.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Astron Inst, CR-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. RP Shore, SN (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis Enrico Fermi, Largo B Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. EM shore@df.unipi.it RI Koubsky, Pavel/G-9031-2014; Slechta, Miroslav/G-9048-2014; Skoda, Petr/G-9047-2014 OI Skoda, Petr/0000-0002-7434-9518 FU INAF; ESA PECS [98058]; NASA [NNG06GJ29G]; Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [MSM0021620860]; Slovak Academy of Sciences [2/7010/27] FX Research at Loiano is supported by INAF. P. K. was supported by ESA PECS grant No. 98058. G. M. W. acknowledges support from NASA grant NNG06GJ29G. We thank the staff at Loiano for their kind help in obtaining many of the spectra used in this study as a service observing program and U. Munari, C. Rossi, and R. Viotti for use of unpublished spectra. Some spectra at Ondrejov were taken by M. Netolicky, B. Kucerova, V. Votruba and D. Korcakova. M. W. was supported by the Research Program MSM0021620860 of the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic. A. S. was supported by a grant of the Slovak Academy of Sciences No. 2/7010/27. We thank T. B. Ake for collaboration on the FUS E proposal that began this observation, unfortunately not executed before the end of the mission, and for his advice on the FUS E data, and J.P. Aufdenberg, C. Rossi, and R. Viotti for valuable discussions. The HST/STIS and FUS E spectra were obtained from the MAST archive of STScI and archival visual photometric data were provided by the AAVSO. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 510 AR A70 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200913367 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 574RB UT WOS:000276009100045 ER PT J AU Congdon, AB Keeton, CR Nordgren, CE AF Congdon, Arthur B. Keeton, Charles R. Nordgren, C. Erik TI IDENTIFYING ANOMALIES IN GRAVITATIONAL LENS TIME DELAYS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: theory; dark matter; galaxies: structure; gravitational lensing: strong; methods: numerical ID DARK-MATTER SUBSTRUCTURE; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; OPTICAL EINSTEIN RING; SMALL-SCALE STRUCTURE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; HUBBLE CONSTANT; ACS SURVEY; PG 1115+080; SDSS J0806+2006; WFI J2033-4723 AB We examine the ability of gravitational lens time delays to reveal complex structure in lens potentials. In a previous paper, we predicted how the time delay between the bright pair of images in a "fold" lens scales with the image separation, for smooth lens potentials. Here we show that the proportionality constant increases with the quadrupole moment of the lens potential, and depends only weakly on the position of the source along the caustic. We use Monte Carlo simulations to determine the range of time delays that can be produced by realistic smooth lens models consisting of isothermal ellipsoid galaxies with tidal shear. We can then identify outliers as "time delay anomalies." We find evidence for anomalies in close image pairs in the cusp lenses RX J1131-1231 and B1422+231. The anomalies in RX J1131-1231 provide strong evidence for substructure in the lens potential, while at this point the apparent anomalies in B1422+231 mainly indicate that the time delay measurements need to be improved. We also find evidence for time delay anomalies in larger-separation image pairs in the fold lenses, B1608+656 and WFI 2033-4723, and the cusp lens RX J0911+0551. We suggest that these anomalies are caused by some combination of substructure and a complex lens environment. Finally, to assist future monitoring campaigns we use our smooth models with shear to predict the time delays for all known four-image lenses. C1 [Congdon, Arthur B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Congdon, Arthur B.; Keeton, Charles R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Nordgren, C. Erik] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Congdon, AB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 169-327, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM acongdon@jpl.nasa.gov; keeton@physics.rutgers.edu; nordgren@sas.upenn.edu FU NSF [AST-0747311]; NASA FX We thank Leonidas Moustakas and Ross Fadely for helpful conversations. We also thank the referee, Olaf Wucknitz, for several helpful suggestions that improved the manuscript. A.B.C. would also like to thank Mark Eichenlaub and Dennis Lam for their input. Part of this work was funded by NSF grant AST-0747311. A.B.C. is currently supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 86 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 2 BP 552 EP 571 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/709/2/552 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 543LT UT WOS:000273579800002 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, N Oppenheimer, BR Hinkley, S Brenner, D Parry, IR Sivaramakrishnan, A Hillenbrand, L Beichman, C Crepp, JR Vasisht, G Roberts, LC Burruss, R King, DL Soummer, R Dekany, R Shao, M Bouchez, A Roberts, JE Hunt, S AF Zimmerman, Neil Oppenheimer, Ben R. Hinkley, Sasha Brenner, Douglas Parry, Ian R. Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Hillenbrand, Lynne Beichman, Charles Crepp, Justin R. Vasisht, Gautam Roberts, Lewis C., Jr. Burruss, Rick King, David L. Soummer, Remi Dekany, Richard Shao, Michael Bouchez, Antonin Roberts, Jennifer E. Hunt, Stephanie TI PARALLACTIC MOTION FOR COMPANION DISCOVERY: AN M-DWARF ORBITING ALCOR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: general; instrumentation: miscellaneous; stars: individual (Alcor); stars: low-mass, brown dwarfs; techniques: miscellaneous ID URSA-MAJOR GROUP; MASS-LUMINOSITY-RELATION; STELLAR KINEMATIC GROUPS; POINT-SPREAD FUNCTIONS; SPECKLE NOISE; DYNAMIC-RANGE; STARS; VANBIESBROECK-8; CORONAGRAPHS; ASTROMETRY AB The A5V star Alcor has an M3-M4 dwarf companion, as evidenced by a novel astrometric technique. Imaging spectroscopy combined with adaptive optics coronagraphy allowed for the detection and spectrophotometric characterization of the point source at a contrast of similar to 6 J- and H-band magnitudes and separation of 1 '' from the primary star. The use of an astrometric pupil plane grid allowed us to determine the projected separations between the companion and the coronagraphically occulted primary star to <= 3 mas precision at two observation epochs. Our measurements demonstrate common parallactic and proper motion over the course of 103 days, significantly shorter than the period of time needed for most companion confirmations through proper motion measurements alone. This common parallax method is potentially more rigorous than common proper motion, ensuring that the neighboring bodies lie at the same distance, rather than relying on the statistical improbability that two objects in close proximity to each other on the sky move in the same direction. The discovery of a low-mass (similar to 0.25 M(circle dot)) companion around a bright (V = 4.0 mag), nearby (d = 25 pc) star highlights a region of binary star parameter space that to date has not been fully probed. C1 [Zimmerman, Neil; Oppenheimer, Ben R.] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Zimmerman, Neil; Oppenheimer, Ben R.; Brenner, Douglas; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Hinkley, Sasha; Hillenbrand, Lynne; Crepp, Justin R.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Parry, Ian R.; King, David L.; Hunt, Stephanie] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Sivaramakrishnan, Anand] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Sivaramakrishnan, Anand] NSF Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Beichman, Charles] CALTECH, NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Beichman, Charles; Vasisht, Gautam; Roberts, Lewis C., Jr.; Burruss, Rick; Shao, Michael; Roberts, Jennifer E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Soummer, Remi] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Dekany, Richard; Bouchez, Antonin] CALTECH, Caltech Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Zimmerman, N (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM neil@astro.columbia.edu; bro@amnh.org OI Zimmerman, Neil/0000-0001-5484-1516 FU National Science Foundation [AST-0520822, AST-0804417, AST-0908484]; Internal Research and Technology Development; NASA; Cordelia Corporation; Hilary and Ethel Lipsitz; Vincent Astor Fund FX The authors wish to express our appreciation toward Jean Mueller, Kajsa Peffer, Karl Dunscombe, and the Mountain Crew at Palomar Observatory. We thank Adam Burgasser and Emily Rice for sharing comparison spectra to aid in our classification of the companion star. We are also indebted to our anonymous referee and the Scientific Editor of the Journal, Steven Kawaler, for expediting our review process. Project 1640 is funded by National Science Foundation grants AST-0520822, AST-0804417, and AST-0908484. A portion of the research in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and was funded by Internal Research and Technology Development funds. In addition, part of this work was performed under a contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program. The members of the Project 1640 team are also grateful for support from the Cordelia Corporation, Hilary and Ethel Lipsitz, the Vincent Astor Fund, Judy Vale, Andrew Goodwin, and an anonymous donor. NR 53 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 2 BP 733 EP 740 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/709/2/733 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 543LT UT WOS:000273579800014 ER PT J AU Turner, TJ Miller, L AF Turner, T. J. Miller, L. TI COSMIC-RAY SPALLATION IN RADIO-QUIET ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: A CASE STUDY OF NGC 4051 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (NGC 4051); galaxies: Seyfert; X-rays: galaxies ID BLACK-HOLE MASS; CROSS-SECTIONS; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; LINE; EMISSION; ELEMENTS; SYSTEMS; ORIGIN; SAMPLE; FLOWS AB We investigate conditions for and consequences of spallation in radio-quiet Seyfert galaxies. The work is motivated by the recent discovery of significant line emission at 5.44 keV in Suzaku data from NGC 4051. The energy of the new line suggests an identification as Cr I Ka emission; however, the line is much stronger than would be expected from material with cosmic abundances, leading to a suggestion of enhancement owing to nuclear spallation of Fe by low-energy cosmic rays from the active nucleus. We find that the highest abundance enhancements are likely to take place in gas out of the plane of the accretion disk and that timescales for spallation could be as short as a few years. The suggestion of a strong nuclear flux of cosmic rays in a radio-quiet active Seyfert galaxy is of particular interest in light of the recent suggestion from Pierre Auger Observatory data that ultra-high-energy cosmic rays may originate in such sources. C1 [Turner, T. J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Turner, T. J.] NASA, Astrophys Sci Div, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Miller, L.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Turner, TJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 2 BP 1230 EP 1237 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/709/2/1230 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 543LT UT WOS:000273579800053 ER PT J AU Finger, MH Ikhsanov, NR Wilson-Hodge, CA Patel, SK AF Finger, Mark H. Ikhsanov, Nazar R. Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A. Patel, Sandeep K. TI SPIN-DOWN OF THE LONG-PERIOD ACCRETING PULSAR 4U 2206+54 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; pulsars: individual (4U 2206+54); X-rays: binaries ID X-RAY BINARY; MAGNETIC NEUTRON-STARS; SOURCE 4U-2206+54; WIND-ACCRETION; FIELD DECAY; ORIGIN; MODEL; DISKS AB 4U 2206+54 is a high-mass X-ray binary which has been suspected to contain a neutron star accreting from the wind of its companion, BD+53 degrees 2790. Reig et al. have recently detected 5560 s period pulsations in both Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) and International Gamma-ray Astrophysics Laboratory observations which they conclude are due to the spin of the neutron star. We present observations made with Suzaku which are contemporaneous with their RXTE observation of this source. We find strong pulsations at a period of 5554 +/- 9 s in agreement with their results. We also present a reanalysis of BeppoSAX observations of 4U 2206+54 made in 1998, in which we find strong pulsations at a period of 5420 +/- 28 s, revealing a spin-down trend in this long-period accreting pulsar. Analysis of these data suggests that the neutron star in this system is an accretion-powered magnetar. C1 [Finger, Mark H.; Ikhsanov, Nazar R.] Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Finger, Mark H.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Ikhsanov, Nazar R.; Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A.] NASA, Space Sci Off, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Ikhsanov, Nazar R.] Pulkovo Observ, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. [Patel, Sandeep K.] Opt Sci Corp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Finger, MH (reprint author), Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL USA. RI Ikhsanov, Nazar/M-9304-2015; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 OI Ikhsanov, Nazar/0000-0002-3326-5588; NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 2 BP 1249 EP 1256 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/709/2/1249 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 543LT UT WOS:000273579800055 ER PT J AU Katsuda, S Petre, R Hughes, JP Hwang, U Yamaguchi, H Hayato, A Mori, K Tsunemi, H AF Katsuda, Satoru Petre, Robert Hughes, John P. Hwang, Una Yamaguchi, Hiroya Hayato, Asami Mori, Koji Tsunemi, Hiroshi TI X-RAY MEASURED DYNAMICS OF TYCHO'S SUPERNOVA REMNANT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: individual objects (Tycho's SNR); ISM: supernova remnants; shock waves; X-rays: ISM ID BRAHES 1572 SUPERNOVA; IA SUPERNOVAE; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; EXPANSION; EMISSION; CHANDRA; SHOCK; NOVA; LINE; SURROUNDINGS AB We present X-ray proper-motion measurements of the forward shock and reverse-shocked ejecta in Tycho's supernova remnant, based on three sets of archival Chandra data taken in 2000, 2003, and 2007. We find that the proper motion of the edge of the remnant (i.e., the forward shock and protruding ejecta knots) varies from 0 ''.20 yr(-1) (expansion index m = 0.33, where R = t(m)) to 0 ''.40 yr(-1) (m = 0.65) with azimuthal angle in 2000-2007 measurements, and 0 ''.14 yr(-1) (m = 0.26) to 0 ''.40 yr(-1) (m = 0.65) in 2003-2007 measurements. The azimuthal variation of the proper motion and the average expansion index of similar to 0.5 are consistent with those derived from radio observations. We also find proper motion and expansion index of the reverse-shocked ejecta to be 0 ''.21-0 ''.31 yr(-1) and 0.43-0.64, respectively. From a comparison of the measured m-value with Type Ia supernova evolutionary models, we find a pre-shock ambient density around the remnant of less than or similar to 0.2 cm(-3). C1 [Katsuda, Satoru; Petre, Robert; Hwang, Una] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hughes, John P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Hwang, Una] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Yamaguchi, Hiroya; Hayato, Asami] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Mori, Koji] Miyazaki Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Appl Phys, Nishi Ku, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. [Tsunemi, Hiroshi] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. RP Katsuda, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Satoru.Katsuda@nasa.gov; Robert.Petre-1@nasa.gov; jackph@physics.rutgers.edu; Una.Hwang-1@nasa.gov; hiroya@crab.riken.jp; hayato@crab.riken.jp; mori@astro.miyazaki-u.ac.jp; tsunemi@ess.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp FU JSPS Research Fellowship; NASA [NNG06EO90A]; [GO7-8071X] FX We thank the anonymous referee for thorough reading and critical comments which significantly improved the quality of this paper. S. K. is supported by a JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scientists. S. K. is also supported in part by the NASA grant under the contract NNG06EO90A. J.P.H. acknowledges partial support from Chandra grant number GO7-8071X to Rutgers University. NR 46 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 2 BP 1387 EP 1395 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/709/2/1387 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 543LT UT WOS:000273579800066 ER PT J AU Fortney, JJ Shabram, M Showman, AP Lian, Y Freedman, RS Marley, MS Lewis, NK AF Fortney, J. J. Shabram, M. Showman, A. P. Lian, Y. Freedman, R. S. Marley, M. S. Lewis, N. K. TI TRANSMISSION SPECTRA OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL HOT JUPITER MODEL ATMOSPHERES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; radiative transfer; stars: individual (HD 209458, HD 189733) ID EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; EXOPLANET HD 189733B; MASS DWARF STARS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; THERMAL EMISSION; LIGHT CURVES; MU-M; CHEMICAL-EQUILIBRIUM AB We compute models of the transmission spectra of planets HD 209458b, HD 189733b, and generic hot Jupiters. We examine the effects of temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity for the generic planets as a guide to understanding transmission spectra in general. We find that carbon dioxide absorption at 4.4 and 15 mu m is prominent at high metallicity, and is a clear metallicity indicator. For HD 209458b and HD 189733b, we compute spectra for both one-dimensional and three-dimensional model atmospheres and examine the differences between them. The differences are usually small, but can be large if atmospheric temperatures are near important chemical abundance boundaries. The calculations for the three-dimensional atmospheres, and their comparison with data, serve as constraints on these dynamical models that complement the secondary eclipse and light curve data sets. For HD 209458b, even if TiO and VO gases are abundant on the dayside, their abundances can be considerably reduced on the cooler planetary limb. However, given the predicted limb temperatures and TiO abundances, the model's optical opacity is too high. For HD 189733b we find a good match with some infrared data sets and constrain the altitude of a postulated haze layer. For this planet, substantial differences can exist between the transmission spectra of the leading and trailing hemispheres, which are an excellent probe of carbon chemistry. In thermochemical equilibrium, the cooler leading hemisphere is methane-dominated, and the hotter trailing hemisphere is CO-dominated, but these differences may be eliminated by non-equilibrium chemistry due to vertical mixing. It may be possible to constrain the carbon chemistry of this planet, and its spatial variation, with James Webb Space Telescope. C1 [Fortney, J. J.; Shabram, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Showman, A. P.; Lian, Y.; Lewis, N. K.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Freedman, R. S.; Marley, M. S.] NASA, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Freedman, R. S.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Fortney, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jfortney@ucolick.org RI Marley, Mark/I-4704-2013; OI Marley, Mark/0000-0002-5251-2943 FU Spitzer Theory Program; Origins and Spitzer programs; NASA FX We thank the referee for comments that helped to clarify our presentation. We thank Tom Greene, David Sing, Jean- Michel D ' esert, Eliza Miller- Ricci, Travis Barman, Gautam Vasisht, Mark Swain, Jean-Philippe Beaulieu, and Giovanna Tinetti for insightful discussions. J. J. F. acknowledges the support of a Spitzer Theory Program grant. A. P. S. acknowledges support from the Origins and Spitzer programs. M. S. M. acknowledges the support of the NASA Planetary Atmospheres Program. NR 91 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 2 BP 1396 EP 1406 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/709/2/1396 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 543LT UT WOS:000273579800067 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Foschini, L Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, RP Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sellerholm, A Sgro, C Shaw, MS Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Strong, AW Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tibolla, O Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Foschini, L. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sellerholm, A. Sgro, C. Shaw, M. S. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Strong, A. W. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tibolla, O. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI DETECTION OF GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM THE STARBURST GALAXIES M82 AND NGC 253 WITH THE LARGE AREA TELESCOPE ON FERMI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; galaxies: individual (M82, NGC 253); gamma rays: general; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID ALL-SKY SURVEY; NEARBY GALAXIES; SUPERNOVA RATE; RADIO-SOURCES; NGC-253; GAS; DISCOVERY; DISTANCE; NUCLEUS AB We report the detection of high-energy gamma-ray emission from two starburst galaxies using data obtained with the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Steady point-like emission above 200 MeV has been detected at significance levels of 6.8 sigma and 4.8 sigma, respectively, from sources positionally coincident with locations of the starburst galaxies M82 and NGC 253. The total fluxes of the sources are consistent with gamma-ray emission originating from the interaction of cosmic rays with local interstellar gas and radiation fields and constitute evidence for a link between massive star formation and gamma-ray emission in star-forming galaxies. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Ryde, F.; Sellerholm, A.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmo Particle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, CNRS, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Giebels, B.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Gasparrini, D.] Sci Data Ctr, ASI, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Cheung, C. C.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Meurer, C.; Sellerholm, A.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, UMR 5797, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, IN2P3, CNRS, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Foschini, L.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.; McConville, W.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kataoka, J.; Kawai, N.; Nakamori, T.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.; Strong, A. W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Morselli, A.; Ozaki, M.; Uchiyama, Y.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tibolla, O.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Torres, D. F.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM arodrig@aliga.ieec.uab.es; bechtol@stanford.edu; charles.dermer@nrl.navy.mil; Olaf.Reimer@uibk.ac.at; dtorres@ieec.uab.es RI Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Foschini, Luigi/H-3833-2012; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Saz Parkinson, Pablo Miguel/I-7980-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013 OI Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Foschini, Luigi/0000-0001-8678-0324; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; FU Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 49 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 2 BP L152 EP L157 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/709/2/L152 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 551LD UT WOS:000274209300013 ER PT J AU Barnes, R Raymond, SN Greenberg, R Jackson, B Kaib, NA AF Barnes, Rory Raymond, Sean N. Greenberg, Richard Jackson, Brian Kaib, Nathan A. TI CoRoT-7b: SUPER-EARTH OR SUPER-Io? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics; planets and satellites: individual (CoRoT-7b) ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETARY SYSTEMS; TIDAL DISSIPATION; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; GIANT PLANETS; EXOPLANETS; MASS; RADIUS; HABITABILITY; SIMULATIONS; STABILITY AB CoRoT-7b, a planet about 70% larger than the Earth orbiting a Sun-like star, is the first-discovered rocky exoplanet, and hence has been dubbed a "super-Earth." Some initial studies suggested that since the planet is so close to its host star, it receives enough insolation to partially melt its surface. However, these past studies failed to take into consideration the role that tides may play in this system. Even if the planet's eccentricity has always been zero, we show that tidal decay of the semimajor axis could have been large enough that the planet formed on a wider orbit which received less insolation. Moreover, CoRoT-7b could be tidally heated at a rate that dominates its geophysics and drives extreme volcanism. In this case, CoRoT-7b is a "super-Io" that, like Jupiter's volcanic moon, is dominated by volcanism and rapid resurfacing. Such heating could occur with an eccentricity of just 10(-5). This small value could be driven by CoRoT-7c if its own eccentricity is larger than similar to 10(-4). CoRoT-7b may be the first of a class of planetary super-Ios likely to be revealed by the CoRoT and Kepler spacecraft. C1 [Barnes, Rory; Kaib, Nathan A.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Raymond, Sean N.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Greenberg, Richard] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jackson, Brian] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. FU NASA [NNH05ZDA001C, NNG05GH65G]; NPP FX R.B. and S.N.R. acknowledge funding from the NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory lead team, supported by NASA under Cooperative Agreement No. NNH05ZDA001C. R. G. acknowledges support from NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics program, grant No. NNG05GH65G. B.J. is funded by an NPP administered by ORNL. NR 43 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 2 BP L95 EP L98 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/709/2/L95 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 551LD UT WOS:000274209300001 ER PT J AU De Pasquale, M Schady, P Kuin, NPM Page, MJ Curran, PA Zane, S Oates, SR Holland, ST Breeveld, AA Hoversten, EA Chincarini, G Grupe, D Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bissaldi, E Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Briggs, MS Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Connaughton, V Conrad, J Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Dingus, BL Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Fishman, G Focke, WB Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Granot, J Greiner, J Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Kippen, RM Knodlseder, J Kocevski, D Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE McGlynn, S Meegan, C Meszaros, P Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Monte, C Monzani, ME Moretti, E Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paciesas, WS Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Preece, R Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Schalk, TL Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stamatikos, M Starck, JL Stecker, FW Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Toma, K Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Uehara, T Usher, TL van der Horst, AJ Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V von Kienlin, A Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Wu, XF Yamazaki, R Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF De Pasquale, M. Schady, P. Kuin, N. P. M. Page, M. J. Curran, P. A. Zane, S. Oates, S. R. Holland, S. T. Breeveld, A. A. Hoversten, E. A. Chincarini, G. Grupe, D. Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bissaldi, E. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Briggs, M. S. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Connaughton, V. Conrad, J. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Dingus, B. L. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Fishman, G. Focke, W. B. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Granot, J. Greiner, J. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Kippen, R. M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocevski, D. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. McGlynn, S. Meegan, C. Meszaros, P. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Moretti, E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paciesas, W. S. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Preece, R. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Schalk, T. L. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stamatikos, M. Starck, J. -L. Stecker, F. W. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Toma, K. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Uehara, T. Usher, T. L. van der Horst, A. J. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. von Kienlin, A. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Wu, X. F. Yamazaki, R. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI SWIFT AND FERMI OBSERVATIONS OF THE EARLY AFTERGLOW OF THE SHORT GAMMA-RAY BURST 090510 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB090510); relativistic processes; shock waves ID LIGHT CURVES; EXTENDED EMISSION; TELESCOPE; BREAKS; PROMPT; JETS; GRBS AB We present the observations of GRB090510 performed by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope and the Swift observatory. This is a bright, short burst that shows an extended emission detected in the GeV range. Furthermore, its optical emission initially rises, a feature so far observed only in long bursts, while the X-ray flux shows an initial shallow decrease, followed by a steeper decay. This exceptional behavior enables us to investigate the physical properties of the gamma-ray burst outflow, poorly known in short bursts. We discuss internal and external shock models for the broadband energy emission of this object. C1 [De Pasquale, M.; Schady, P.; Kuin, N. P. M.; Page, M. J.; Curran, P. A.; Zane, S.; Oates, S. R.; Breeveld, A. A.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Holland, S. T.; Celik, Oe.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.; Stamatikos, M.; Stecker, F. W.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hoversten, E. A.; Grupe, D.; Gehrels, N.; Meszaros, P.; Toma, K.; Wu, X. F.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chincarini, G.] Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Chincarini, G.] Osservatorio Astron Brera INAF, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy. [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. 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[Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. 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[Fukazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.; Uehara, T.; Yamazaki, R.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gasparrini, D.] Sci Data Ctr, ASI, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Gehrels, N.; McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gehrels, N.; McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Granot, J.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Stamatikos, M.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jackson, M. S.; McGlynn, S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Meegan, C.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohno, M.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Wu, X. F.] J CPNPC, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Wu, X. F.] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP De Pasquale, M (reprint author), Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM mdp@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; mjp@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; Veronique.Pelassa@lpta.in2p3.fr; toma@astro.psu.edu RI Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Stecker, Floyd/D-3169-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Curran, Peter/B-5293-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Wu, Xuefeng/G-5316-2015; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; Moretti, Elena/0000-0001-5477-9097; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Curran, Peter/0000-0003-3003-4626; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Wu, Xuefeng/0000-0002-6299-1263; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018 FU STFC FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States, CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. S.Z. acknowledges STFC support. This work used data supplied by the UK Swift SDC at the University of Leicester. NR 46 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 2 BP L146 EP L151 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/709/2/L146 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 551LD UT WOS:000274209300012 ER PT J AU Juett, AM Davis, DS Mushotzky, R AF Juett, Adrienne M. Davis, David S. Mushotzky, Richard TI TESTING THE RELIABILITY OF CLUSTER MASS INDICATORS WITH A SYSTEMATICS LIMITED DATA SET SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: general; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS; XMM-NEWTON; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; DARK ENERGY; CHANDRA; EVOLUTION; SAMPLE; FRACTION; REXCESS; SCATTER AB We present the mass-X-ray observable scaling relationships for clusters of galaxies using the XMM-Newton cluster catalog of Snowden et al. Our results are roughly consistent with previous observational and theoretical work, with one major exception. We find two to three times the scatter around the best-fit mass scaling relationships as expected from cluster simulations or seen in other observational studies. We suggest that this is a consequence of using hydrostatic mass, as opposed to virial mass, and is due to the explicit dependence of the hydrostatic mass on the gradients of the temperature and gas density profiles. We find a larger range of slope in the cluster temperature profiles at r(500) than previous observational studies. Additionally, we find only a weak dependence of the gas mass fraction on cluster mass, consistent with a constant. Our average gas mass fraction results argue for a closer study of the systematic errors due to instrumental calibration and analysis method variations. We suggest that a more careful study of the differences between various observational results and with cluster simulations is needed to understand sources of bias and scatter in cosmological studies of galaxy clusters. C1 [Davis, David S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Davis, David S.] NASA, Astroparticle Phys Lab, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mushotzky, Richard] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Xray Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ajuett@milkway.gsfc.nasa.gov; david.s.davis@nasa.gov; richard@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 2 BP L103 EP L107 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/709/2/L103 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 551LD UT WOS:000274209300003 ER PT J AU Stecker, FW Scully, ST AF Stecker, Floyd William Scully, Sean T. TI DERIVATION OF A RELATION FOR THE STEEPENING OF TeV-SELECTED BLAZAR gamma-RAY SPECTRA WITH ENERGY AND REDSHIFT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: general; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID COMPTON SCATTERING; RADIATION AB We derive a relation for the steepening of blazar gamma-ray spectra between the multi-GeV Fermi energy range and the TeV energy range observed by atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes. The change in spectral index is produced by two effects: (1) an intrinsic steepening, independent of redshift, owing to the properties of emission and absorption in the source and (2) a redshift-dependent steepening produced by intergalactic pair production interactions of blazar gamma-rays with low-energy photons of the "intergalactic background light" (IBL). Given this relation, with good enough data on the mean gamma-ray spectral energy distribution of TeV-selected BL Lac objects, the redshift evolution of the IBL can, in principle, be determined independently of stellar evolution models. We apply our relation to the results of new Fermi observations of TeV-selected blazars. C1 [Stecker, Floyd William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Scully, Sean T.] James Madison Univ, Dept Phys, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. RP Stecker, FW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM W.Stecker@nasa.gov; scullyst@jmu.edu RI Stecker, Floyd/D-3169-2012 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 2 BP L124 EP L126 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/709/2/L124 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 551LD UT WOS:000274209300007 ER PT J AU Currie, T Hernandez, J Irwin, J Kenyon, SJ Tokarz, S Balog, Z Bragg, A Berlind, P Calkins, M AF Currie, Thayne Hernandez, Jesus Irwin, Jonathan Kenyon, Scott J. Tokarz, Susan Balog, Zoltan Bragg, Ann Berlind, Perry Calkins, Mike TI THE STELLAR POPULATION OF h AND chi PERSEI: CLUSTER PROPERTIES, MEMBERSHIP, AND THE INTRINSIC COLORS AND TEMPERATURES OF STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations: individual (NGC 869, NGC 884); stars: pre-main sequence ID LOW-MASS STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE EVOLUTION; YOUNG OPEN CLUSTERS; GAS GIANT PLANETS; M-CIRCLE-DOT; B-TYPE STARS; MONITOR PROJECT; THEORETICAL ISOCHRONES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEMS AB From photometric observations of similar to 47,000 stars and spectroscopy of similar to 11,000 stars, we describe the first extensive study of the stellar population of the famous Double Cluster, h and chi Persei, down to subsolar masses. By analyzing optical spectra and optical/infrared photometry, we constrain the distance moduli (dM), reddening (E(B - V)), and ages for h Persei, chi Persei, and the low-density halo population surrounding both cluster cores. With the exception of mass and spatial distribution, the clusters are nearly identical in every measurable way. Both clusters have E(B - V) similar to 0.52-0.55 and dM = 11.8-11.85; the halo population, while more poorly constrained, likely has identical properties. As determined from the main-sequence turnoff, the luminosity of M supergiants, and pre-main-sequence isochrones, ages for h Persei, chi Persei, and the halo population all converge on approximate to 14 Myr, thus showing a stunning agreement between estimates based on entirely different physics. From these data, we establish the first spectroscopic and photometric membership lists of cluster stars down to early/mid M dwarfs. At minimum, there are similar to 5000 members within 10' of the cluster centers, while the entire h and chi Persei region has at least similar to 13,000 and as many as 20,000 members. The Double Cluster contains approximate to 8400 M(circle dot) of stars within 10' of the cluster centers. We estimate a total mass of at least 20,000 M(circle dot). We conclude our study by outlining outstanding questions regarding the past and present properties of h and chi Persei. From comparing recent work, we compile a list of intrinsic colors and derive a new effective temperature scale for O-M dwarfs, giants, and supergiants. C1 [Currie, Thayne; Irwin, Jonathan; Kenyon, Scott J.; Tokarz, Susan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Currie, Thayne] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hernandez, Jesus] Ctr Invest Astron CIDA, Merida 5101A, Venezuela. [Irwin, Jonathan] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Balog, Zoltan] MPIA Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. [Bragg, Ann] Marietta Coll, Dept Phys, Marietta, OH USA. [Berlind, Perry; Calkins, Mike] Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Currie, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tcurrie@cfa.harvard.edu; jhernan@umich.edu; jirwin@cfa.harvard.edu NR 96 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 186 IS 2 BP 191 EP 221 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/186/2/191 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 552IU UT WOS:000274283900002 ER PT J AU Wang, TJ Brosius, JW Thomas, RJ Rabin, DM Davila, JM AF Wang, Tongjiang Brosius, Jeffrey W. Thomas, Roger J. Rabin, Douglas M. Davila, Joseph M. TI ABSOLUTE RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION OF THE EUNIS-06 170-205 angstrom CHANNEL AND CALIBRATION UPDATE FOR CORONAL DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER/NORMAL-INCIDENCE SPECTROMETER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: spectrographs; Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: UV radiation ID SOLAR ACTIVE-REGION; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; QUIET-SUN; EMISSION-LINES; TRANSITION REGION; SOUNDING ROCKET; ATOMIC DATABASE; SERTS-95; SPECTROGRAPH; INTENSITY AB The Extreme-Ultraviolet Normal-Incidence Spectrograph sounding-rocket payload was flown on 2006 April 12 (EUNIS-06), carrying two independent imaging spectrographs covering wavebands of 300-370 angstrom in first order and 170-205 angstrom in second order, respectively. The absolute radiometric response of the EUNIS-06 long-wavelength (LW) channel was directly measured in the same facility used to calibrate Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) prior to the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) launch. Because the absolute calibration of the short-wavelength (SW) channel could not be obtained from the same lab configuration, we here present a technique to derive it using a combination of solar LW spectra and density-and temperature-insensitive line intensity ratios. The first step in this procedure is to use the coordinated, cospatial EUNIS and SOHO/CDS spectra to carry out an intensity calibration update for the CDS NIS-1 waveband, which shows that its efficiency has decreased by a factor about 1.7 compared to that of the previously implemented calibration. Then, theoretical insensitive line ratios obtained from CHIANTI allow us to determine absolute intensities of emission lines within the EUNIS SW bandpass from those of cospatial CDS/NIS-1 spectra after the EUNIS LW calibration correction. A total of 12 ratios derived from intensities of 5 CDS and 12 SW emission lines from Fe x to Fe XIII yield an instrumental response curve for the EUNIS-06 SW channel that matches well to a relative calibration which relied on combining measurements of individual optical components. Taking into account all potential sources of error, we estimate that the EUNIS-06 SW absolute calibration is accurate to +/- 20%. C1 [Wang, Tongjiang; Brosius, Jeffrey W.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Wang, Tongjiang; Brosius, Jeffrey W.; Thomas, Roger J.; Rabin, Douglas M.; Davila, Joseph M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wang, TJ (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM wangtj@helio.gsfc.nasa.gov FU NASA Heliophysics Division; NRL [N00173-06-1-G033]; Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory in England; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Germany FX The EUNIS program is supported by the NASA Heliophysics Division through its Low Cost Access to Space Program in Solar and Heliospheric Physics. The authors thank the entire EUNIS team for the concerted effort that led to a successful first flight. T.J.W. is grateful to Dr. William T. Thompson for his valuable comments on CDS calibration. The work of T.J.W. was supported by NRL grant N00173-06-1-G033. The authors also thank the anonymous referee for valuable suggestions. Radiometric calibration of the EUNIS-06 instrument was made possible by financial contributions and technical support from both the Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory in England and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Germany, for which we are very grateful. CHIANTI is a collaborative project involving the NRL (USA), the Universities of Florence (Italy) and Cambridge (UK), and George Mason University (USA). NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 186 IS 2 BP 222 EP 232 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/186/2/222 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 552IU UT WOS:000274283900003 ER PT J AU Rebull, LM Padgett, DL McCabe, CE Hillenbrand, LA Stapelfeldt, KR Noriega-Crespo, A Carey, SJ Brooke, T Huard, T Terebey, S Audard, M Monin, JL Fukagawa, M Gudel, M Knapp, GR Menard, F Allen, LE Angione, JR Baldovin-Saavedra, C Bouvier, J Briggs, K Dougados, C Evans, NJ Flagey, N Guieu, S Grosso, N Glauser, AM Harvey, P Hines, D Latter, WB Skinner, SL Strom, S Tromp, J Wolf, S AF Rebull, L. M. Padgett, D. L. McCabe, C. -E. Hillenbrand, L. A. Stapelfeldt, K. R. Noriega-Crespo, A. Carey, S. J. Brooke, T. Huard, T. Terebey, S. Audard, M. Monin, J. -L. Fukagawa, M. Guedel, M. Knapp, G. R. Menard, F. Allen, L. E. Angione, J. R. Baldovin-Saavedra, C. Bouvier, J. Briggs, K. Dougados, C. Evans, N. J. Flagey, N. Guieu, S. Grosso, N. Glauser, A. M. Harvey, P. Hines, D. Latter, W. B. Skinner, S. L. Strom, S. Tromp, J. Wolf, S. TI THE TAURUS SPITZER SURVEY: NEW CANDIDATE TAURUS MEMBERS SELECTED USING SENSITIVE MID-INFRARED PHOTOMETRY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; stars: formation; stars: pre-main sequence ID ORION NEBULA CLUSTER; STAR-FORMING REGION; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; ALL-SKY SURVEY; MOLECULAR CLOUD; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; C2D SURVEY; X-RAY AB We report on the properties of pre-main-sequence objects in the Taurus molecular clouds as observed in seven mid-and far-infrared bands with the Spitzer Space Telescope. There are 215 previously identified members of the Taurus star-forming region in our similar to 44 deg(2) map; these members exhibit a range of Spitzer colors that we take to define young stars still surrounded by circumstellar dust (noting that similar to 20% of the bona fide Taurus members exhibit no detectable dust excesses). We looked for new objects in the survey field with similar Spitzer properties, aided by extensive optical, X-ray, and ultraviolet imaging, and found 148 new candidate members of Taurus. We have obtained follow-up spectroscopy for about half the candidate sample, thus far confirming 34 new members, three probable new members, and 10 possible new members, an increase of 15%-20% in Taurus members. Of the objects for which we have spectroscopy, seven are now confirmed extragalactic objects, and one is a background Be star. The remaining 93 candidate objects await additional analysis and/or data to be confirmed or rejected as Taurus members. Most of the new members are Class II M stars and are located along the same cloud filaments as the previously identified Taurus members. Among non-members with Spitzer colors similar to young, dusty stars are evolved Be stars, planetary nebulae, carbon stars, galaxies, and active galactic nuclei. C1 [Rebull, L. M.; Padgett, D. L.; McCabe, C. -E.; Noriega-Crespo, A.; Carey, S. J.; Brooke, T.; Flagey, N.; Guieu, S.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hillenbrand, L. A.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Stapelfeldt, K. R.; Angione, J. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Huard, T.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Terebey, S.; Angione, J. R.; Tromp, J.] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Audard, M.; Baldovin-Saavedra, C.] Univ Geneva, ISDC Data Ctr Astrophys, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Audard, M.; Baldovin-Saavedra, C.] Univ Geneva, Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Monin, J. -L.; Menard, F.; Bouvier, J.; Dougados, C.] Univ Grenoble, CNRS, UMR 5571, Lab Astrophys Grenoble, Grenoble, France. [Fukagawa, M.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Guedel, M.; Briggs, K.; Glauser, A. M.] ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Knapp, G. R.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Allen, L. E.; Strom, S.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. [Evans, N. J.; Harvey, P.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Grosso, N.] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, INSU, Observ Astron Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. [Glauser, A. M.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Hines, D.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Latter, W. B.] NASA, Herschel Sci Ctr, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Skinner, S. L.] Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wolf, S.] Univ Kiel, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. RP Rebull, LM (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, M-S 220-6,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM luisa.rebull@jpl.nasa.gov RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012; Guedel, Manuel/C-8486-2015; OI Guedel, Manuel/0000-0001-9818-0588; Rebull, Luisa/0000-0001-6381-515X FU NASA; JPL/Caltech; National Science Foundation; U.S. Government [NAG W-2166]; ESA; Swiss National Science Foundation [PP002-110504] FX We thank the Palomar Observatory, Sloan Telescope, CFHT, XMM-Newton, and of course Spitzer staff for their assistance using the telescopes. We thank the anonymous referee for thoughtful and thorough comments. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Abstract Service, and of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This research has made use of data products from the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS), which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. These data are served by the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made use of the Digitized Sky Surveys, which were produced at the Space Telescope Science Institute under U.S. Government grant NAG W-2166. The images of these surveys are based on photographic data obtained using the Oschin Schmidt Telescope on Palomar Mountain and the UK Schmidt Telescope. The plates were processed into the present compressed digital form with the permission of these institutions. This research has made use of observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA member states and the USA (NASA). The research described in this paper was partially carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. M. Audard and C. Baldovin-Saavedra acknowledge support from a Swiss National Science Foundation grant (PP002-110504). NR 77 TC 130 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 186 IS 2 BP 259 EP 307 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/186/2/259 PG 49 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 552IU UT WOS:000274283900005 ER PT J AU Tueller, J Baumgartner, WH Markwardt, CB Skinner, GK Mushotzky, RF Ajello, M Barthelmy, S Beardmore, A Brandt, WN Burrows, D Chincarini, G Campana, S Cummings, J Cusumano, G Evans, P Fenimore, E Gehrels, N Godet, O Grupe, D Holland, S Kennea, J Krimm, HA Koss, M Moretti, A Mukai, K Osborne, JP Okajima, T Pagani, C Page, K Palmer, D Parsons, A Schneider, DP Sakamoto, T Sambruna, R Sato, G Stamatikos, M Stroh, M Ukwata, T Winter, L AF Tueller, J. Baumgartner, W. H. Markwardt, C. B. Skinner, G. K. Mushotzky, R. F. Ajello, M. Barthelmy, S. Beardmore, A. Brandt, W. N. Burrows, D. Chincarini, G. Campana, S. Cummings, J. Cusumano, G. Evans, P. Fenimore, E. Gehrels, N. Godet, O. Grupe, D. Holland, S. Kennea, J. Krimm, H. A. Koss, M. Moretti, A. Mukai, K. Osborne, J. P. Okajima, T. Pagani, C. Page, K. Palmer, D. Parsons, A. Schneider, D. P. Sakamoto, T. Sambruna, R. Sato, G. Stamatikos, M. Stroh, M. Ukwata, T. Winter, L. TI THE 22 MONTH SWIFT-BAT ALL-SKY HARD X-RAY SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies: active; gamma rays: observations; novae, cataclysmic variables; surveys; X-rays: binaries ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; INTEGRAL SOURCES; XMM-NEWTON; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; CATALOG; TELESCOPE; PULSAR; IDENTIFICATION; COUNTERPART; BINARIES AB We present the catalog of sources detected in the first 22 months of data from the hard X-ray survey (14-195 keV) conducted with the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) coded mask imager on the Swift satellite. The catalog contains 461 sources detected above the 4.8 sigma level with BAT. High angular resolution X-ray data for every source from Swift-XRT or archival data have allowed associations to be made with known counterparts in other wavelength bands for over 97% of the detections, including the discovery of similar to 30 galaxies previously unknown as active galactic nuclei and several new Galactic sources. A total of 266 of the sources are associated with Seyfert galaxies (median redshift z similar to 0.03) or blazars, with the majority of the remaining sources associated with X-ray binaries in our Galaxy. This ongoing survey is the first uniform all-sky hard X-ray survey since HEAO-1 in 1977. Since the publication of the nine-month BAT survey we have increased the number of energy channels from four to eight and have substantially increased the number of sources with accurate average spectra. The BAT 22 month catalog is the product of the most sensitive all-sky survey in the hard X-ray band, with a detection sensitivity (4.8 sigma) of 2.2 x 10(-11) erg cm(-2) s(-1) (1 mCrab) over most of the sky in the 14-195 keV band. C1 [Tueller, J.; Baumgartner, W. H.; Markwardt, C. B.; Skinner, G. K.; Mushotzky, R. F.; Barthelmy, S.; Cummings, J.; Gehrels, N.; Holland, S.; Krimm, H. A.; Koss, M.; Mukai, K.; Okajima, T.; Parsons, A.; Sakamoto, T.; Sambruna, R.; Stamatikos, M.; Ukwata, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Baumgartner, W. H.; Mukai, K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Baumgartner, W. H.; Markwardt, C. B.; Skinner, G. K.; Holland, S.; Krimm, H. A.; Koss, M.; Mukai, K.] CRESST, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Markwardt, C. B.; Skinner, G. K.; Koss, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ajello, M.] SLAC Natl Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ajello, M.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Beardmore, A.; Evans, P.; Godet, O.; Osborne, J. P.; Page, K.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Xray & Observat Astron Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Brandt, W. N.; Burrows, D.; Grupe, D.; Kennea, J.; Pagani, C.; Schneider, D. P.; Stroh, M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chincarini, G.; Campana, S.; Moretti, A.] INAF, OAB, I-20121 Milan, Italy. [Cusumano, G.] INAF, IASF Palermo, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm Palermo, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [Fenimore, E.; Palmer, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Okajima, T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sakamoto, T.; Stamatikos, M.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sato, G.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Ukwata, T.] George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Winter, L.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Tueller, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Wayne.Baumgartner@nasa.gov RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012; Koss, Michael/B-1585-2015; Brandt, William/N-2844-2015; OI Koss, Michael/0000-0002-7998-9581; Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453; Campana, Sergio/0000-0001-6278-1576; Cusumano, Giancarlo/0000-0002-8151-1990; moretti, alberto/0000-0002-9770-0315 NR 59 TC 138 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 186 IS 2 BP 378 EP 405 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/186/2/378 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 552IU UT WOS:000274283900009 ER PT J AU Dotson, JL Vaillancourt, JE Kirby, L Dowell, CD Hildebrand, RH Davidson, JA AF Dotson, Jessie L. Vaillancourt, John E. Kirby, Larry Dowell, C. Darren Hildebrand, Roger H. Davidson, Jacqueline A. TI 350 mu m POLARIMETRY FROM THE CALTECH SUBMILLIMETER OBSERVATORY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; H II regions; ISM: clouds; ISM: magnetic fields; polarization; submillimeter: general ID FAR-INFRARED POLARIZATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MOLECULAR CLOUD; ARRAY POLARIMETRY; SAGITTARIUS B2; ORION; SPECTRUM; GALAXY; HERTZ AB We present a summary of data obtained with the 350 mu m polarimeter, Hertz, at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. We give tabulated results and maps showing polarization vectors and intensity contours. The summary includes over 4300 individual measurements in 56 Galactic sources and two galaxies. Of these measurements, 2153 have P >= 3 sigma(p) statistical significance. The median polarization of the entire data set is 1.46%. C1 [Dotson, Jessie L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Vaillancourt, John E.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kirby, Larry; Hildebrand, Roger H.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kirby, Larry; Hildebrand, Roger H.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dowell, C. Darren] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Davidson, Jacqueline A.] Univ Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. [Hildebrand, Roger H.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Dotson, JL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jessie.dotson@nasa.gov; jvaillancourt@sofia.usra.edu FU NSF [AST 05-05124, AST 05-40882, AST 08-38261]; J.E.V.'s NASA Graduate Student Research Program [NGT 5-63] FX We are grateful to the staff of CSO for their invaluable assistance. We also thank Giles Novak, Dave Chuss, Martin Houde, and David Schleuning for assistance with the observations and many invaluable conversations. This work was supported by NSF grant AST 05-05124 and by J.E.V.'s NASA Graduate Student Research Program (NGT 5-63). CSO has been supported by NSF grants AST 05-40882 and 08-38261. NR 38 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 186 IS 2 BP 406 EP 426 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/186/2/406 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 552IU UT WOS:000274283900010 ER PT J AU Fynbo, JPU Jakobsson, P Prochaska, JX Malesani, D Ledoux, C Postigo, AD Nardini, M Vreeswijk, PM Wiersema, K Hjorth, J Sollerman, J Chen, HW Thone, CC Bjornsson, G Bloom, JS Castro-Tirado, A Christensen, L De Cia, A Fruchter, AS Gorosabel, JU Graham, JF Jaunsen, AO Jensen, BL Kann, DA Kouveliotou, C Levan, A Maund, J Masetti, N Milvang-Jensen, B Palazzi, E Perley, DA Pian, E Rol, E Schady, P Starling, R Tanvir, N Watson, DJ Xu, D Augusteijn, T Grundahl, F Telting, J Quirion, PO AF Fynbo, J. P. U. Jakobsson, P. Prochaska, J. X. Malesani, D. Ledoux, C. Postigo, A. de Ugarte Nardini, M. Vreeswijk, P. M. Wiersema, K. Hjorth, J. Sollerman, J. Chen, H. -W. Thoene, C. C. Bjornsson, G. Bloom, J. S. Castro-Tirado, A. Christensen, L. De Cia, A. Fruchter, A. S. Gorosabel, J. U. Graham, J. F. Jaunsen, A. O. Jensen, B. L. Kann, D. A. Kouveliotou, C. Levan, A. Maund, J. Masetti, N. Milvang-Jensen, B. Palazzi, E. Perley, D. A. Pian, E. Rol, E. Schady, P. Starling, R. Tanvir, N. Watson, D. J. Xu, D. Augusteijn, T. Grundahl, F. Telting, J. Quirion, P. -O. TI LOW-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY OF GAMMA-RAY BURST OPTICAL AFTERGLOWS: BIASES IN THE SWIFT SAMPLE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ABSORBERS (vol 185, pg 526, 2009) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Correction DE dust, extinction; galaxies: high-redshift; gamma-ray burst: general C1 [Fynbo, J. P. U.; Malesani, D.; Vreeswijk, P. M.; Hjorth, J.; Sollerman, J.; Thoene, C. C.; Jaunsen, A. O.; Jensen, B. L.; Maund, J.; Milvang-Jensen, B.; Watson, D. J.; Xu, D.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Fynbo, J. P. U.; Jakobsson, P.; Bjornsson, G.; De Cia, A.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, Ctr Astrophys & Cosmol, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Prochaska, J. X.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ledoux, C.; Postigo, A. de Ugarte; Vreeswijk, P. M.] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. [Nardini, M.] SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Wiersema, K.; Rol, E.; Starling, R.; Tanvir, N.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Sollerman, J.] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Chen, H. -W.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Chen, H. -W.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Thoene, C. C.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-23806 Merate, Italy. [Bloom, J. S.; Perley, D. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Castro-Tirado, A.; Gorosabel, J. U.] IAA CSIC, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Christensen, L.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Fruchter, A. S.; Graham, J. F.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kann, D. A.] Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. [Kouveliotou, C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Levan, A.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Masetti, N.; Palazzi, E.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Pian, E.] INAF Trieste Astron Observ, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Schady, P.] UCL Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Augusteijn, T.; Telting, J.] Nord Opt Telescope, Santa Cruz De La Palma 38700, Santa Cruz Tene, Spain. [Grundahl, F.; Quirion, P. -O.] Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RP Fynbo, JPU (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RI Fynbo, Johan/L-8496-2014; Christensen, Lise/M-5301-2014; Watson, Darach/E-4521-2015; Jakobsson, Pall/L-9950-2015; Palazzi, Eliana/N-4746-2015 OI Fynbo, Johan/0000-0002-8149-8298; Christensen, Lise/0000-0001-8415-7547; Watson, Darach/0000-0002-4465-8264; Jakobsson, Pall/0000-0002-9404-5650; NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 186 IS 2 BP 485 EP 496 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/186/2/485 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 552IU UT WOS:000274283900013 ER PT J AU Chardonnet, P Chechetkin, V Titarchuk, L AF Chardonnet, Pascal Chechetkin, Valery Titarchuk, Lev TI On the pair-instability supernovae and gamma-ray burst phenomenon SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gamma ray: bursts; Stellar evolution; Supernovae ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; SHOCK WAVE; SPECTRA; STARS; AFTERGLOW; COMPTONIZATION; GALAXY; MODEL; CORE; DETONATION AB We present a model of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) related to "very massive" stars. In the framework of our model, the GRB phenomenon is a result of helium burning in degenerate conditions in a massive star (a parts per thousand(3)130 M (aS (TM))), in which the thermal nuclear burning occurs in the deflagration regime and has a pulsating temporal pattern. The shock runs away from the burning (reaction) zone, which leads to the development of a coronal outflow (jet-like) structure. In our scenario the GRB observable prompt fast rise and decay part can be a result of photon propagation through the hot corona (Comptonization photosphere) of the star. On the other hand, the GRB afterglow is a cooling phase of the expanding and outflowing envelope. Presumably, the X-ray part of the GRB emergent spectrum is formed due to upscattering of soft photons of outer layers of the star off hot coronal electrons, and thus it should have a specific shape of the Comptonization spectrum. C1 [Chardonnet, Pascal] Univ Savoie, CNRS, LAPTH, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Chechetkin, Valery] Russian Acad Sci, Keldysh Inst Appl Math IPM, Moscow 1250477, Russia. [Titarchuk, Lev] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Titarchuk, Lev] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] George Mason, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Chardonnet, P (reprint author), Univ Savoie, CNRS, LAPTH, BP 110, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. EM chardonnet@lapp.in2p3.fr; lev.titarchuk@nrl.navy.mil NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 325 IS 2 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1007/s10509-009-0178-4 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 540CE UT WOS:000273307500002 ER PT J AU Mauldin, R Kosciuch, E Eisele, F Huey, G Tanner, D Sjostedt, S Blake, D Chen, G Crawford, J Davis, D AF Mauldin, Roy Kosciuch, Edward Eisele, Fred Huey, Greg Tanner, David Sjostedt, Steve Blake, Don Chen, Gao Crawford, Jim Davis, Douglas TI South Pole Antarctica observations and modeling results: New insights on HOx radical and sulfur chemistry SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE OH; H2SO4; MSA; Hydroxyl; Sulfuric; ANTCI; Pole; Antarctic; Oxidation; SO2 ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; NOX EMISSIONS; PEM-TROPICS; ISCAT 2000; OH; SNOW; MSA; PARTICLES; H2SO4; ANTCI AB Measurements of OH, H2SO4, and MSA at South Pole (SP) Antarctica were recorded as a part of the 2003 Antarctic Chemistry Investigation (ANTCI 2003). The time period 22 November, 2003-2 January, 2004 provided a unique opportunity to observe atmospheric chemistry at SP under both natural conditions as well as those uniquely defined by a solar eclipse event. Results under natural solar conditions generally confirmed those reported previously in the year 2000. In both years the major chemical driver leading to large scale fluctuations in OH was shifts in the concentration levels of NO. Like in 2000, however, the 2003 observational data were systematically lower than model predictions. This can be interpreted as indicating that the model mechanism is still missing a significant HOx sink reaction(s); or, alternatively, that the OH calibration source may have problems. Still a final possibility could involve the integrity of the OH sampling scheme which involved a fixed building site. As expected, during the peak in the solar eclipse both NO and OH showed large decreases in their respective concentrations. Interestingly, the observational OH profile could only be approximated by the model mechanism upon adding an additional HOx radical source in the form of snow emissions of CH2O and/or H2O2. This would lead one to think that either CH2O and/or H2O2 snow emissions represent a significant HOx radical source under summertime conditions at SP. Observations of H2SO4 and MSA revealed both species to be present at very low concentrations (e.g., 5 x 10(5) and 1 x 10(5) molec cm(-3), respectively), but similar to those reported in 2000. The first measurements of SO2 at SP demonstrated a close coupling with the oxidation product H2SO4. The observed low concentrations of MSA appear to be counter to the most recent thinking by glacio-chemists who have suggested that the plateau's lower atmosphere should have elevated levels of MSA. We speculate here that the absence of MSA may reflect efficient atmospheric removal mechanisms for this species involving either dynamical and/or chemical processes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mauldin, Roy; Kosciuch, Edward; Eisele, Fred] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Huey, Greg; Tanner, David; Sjostedt, Steve; Davis, Douglas] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Blake, Don] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Chen, Gao; Crawford, Jim] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Mauldin, R (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, 1850 Table Mesa, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mauldin@ucar.edu RI Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Sjostedt, Steven/B-5032-2015 OI Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; FU NSF Office of Polar Programs [OPP-0229633, OPP-0230246] FX We would like to thank NOAA CMDL for their help during the study and the use of their meteorological data. This work was funded by the NSF Office of Polar Programs through awards #'s OPP-0229633, and OPP-0230246. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 572 EP 581 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.058 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 556TD UT WOS:000274614300014 ER PT J AU Wang, XY Liang, XZ Jiang, WM Tao, ZN Wang, JXL Liu, HN Han, ZW Liu, SY Zhang, YY Grell, GA Peckham, SE AF Wang, Xueyuan Liang, Xin-Zhong Jiang, Weimei Tao, Zhining Wang, Julian X. L. Liu, Hongnian Han, Zhiwei Liu, Shuyan Zhang, Yuyan Grell, Georg A. Peckham, Steven E. TI WRF-Chem simulation of East Asian air quality: Sensitivity to temporal and vertical emissions distributions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE WRF-Chem; Emissions; Diurnal cycle; Vertical redistribution; Air quality modeling; East Asia ID OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; UNITED-STATES; INVENTORY; MODEL; CHEMISTRY; AEROSOL; PERIOD AB This study develops fine temporal (seasonal, day-of-week, diurnal) and vertical allocations of anthropogenic emissions for the TRACE-P inventory and evaluates their impacts on the East Asian air quality prediction using WRF-Chem simulations in July 2001 at 30-km grid spacing against available surface measurements from EANET and NEMCC. For NO2 and SO2, the diurnal and vertical redistributions of emissions play essential roles, while the day-of-week variation is less important. When all incorporated, WRF-Chem best simulates observations of surface NO2 and SO2 concentrations, while using the default emissions produces the worst result. The sensitivity is especially large over major cities and industrial areas, where surface NO2 and SO2 concentrations are reduced by respectively 3-7 and 6-12 ppbv when using the scaled emissions. The incorporation of all the three redistributions of emissions simulates surface O-3 concentrations higher by 4-8 ppbv at night and 2-4 ppbv in daytime over broad areas of northern, eastern and central China. To this sensitivity, the diurnal redistribution contributes more than the other two. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wang, Xueyuan; Liang, Xin-Zhong; Tao, Zhining; Liu, Shuyan] Univ Illinois, Div Illinois State Water Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Wang, Xueyuan; Jiang, Weimei; Liu, Hongnian] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Tao, Zhining] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, Julian X. L.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Han, Zhiwei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yuyan] Nanjing Municipal Environm Monitoring Ctr Stn, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Grell, Georg A.; Peckham, Steven E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Div Illinois State Water Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, 2204 Griffith Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM xliang@illinois.edu RI Tao, Zhining/E-1432-2012; Liu, Shuyan/M-8813-2014; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Wang, Julian/C-3188-2016 OI Tao, Zhining/0000-0003-0608-712X; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; FU United States Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) [EPA RD-83337301-0]; China Scholarship Council FX We thank David G. Streets and Qiang Zhang at Argonne National Laboratory for providing the TRACE-P inventory data and Yang Zhang at North Carolina State University for the NEMCC measurements. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. We acknowledge the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET) for the observational data, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Forecast Systems Laboratory and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign for the supercomputing support. The research was partially supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) award EPA RD-83337301-0 and the China Scholarship Council. The views expressed are of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsoring gencies or the Illinois State Water Survey. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 44 IS 5 BP 660 EP 669 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.11.011 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 560VL UT WOS:000274931800007 ER PT J AU Yildiz, Y Annaswamy, A Kolmanovsky, IV Yanakiev, D AF Yildiz, Yildiray Annaswamy, Anuradha Kolmanovsky, Ilya V. Yanakiev, Diana TI Adaptive posicast controller for time-delay systems with relative degree n <= 2 SO AUTOMATICA LA English DT Article DE Adaptive control; Tirne-delay systems; Model matching ID FINITE SPECTRUM ASSIGNMENT; SINGLE-INPUT SYSTEMS; FUEL RATIO CONTROL; DEAD-TIME; PREDICTOR; STABILITY; ALGORITHM AB In this paper, we present an Adaptive Posicast Controller that deals with parametric uncertainties in linear systems with delays. It is assumed that the plant has no right half plane zeros and the delay is known. The adaptive controller is based on the Smith Predictor and Finite Spectrum Assignment with time-varying parameters adjusted online. A novel Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is used to show semi-global stability of the closed-loop error equations. The controller is applied to engine fuel-to-air ratio control. The implementation results show that the Adaptive Posicast Controller significantly improves the closed-loop performance when compared to the case with the existing baseline controller. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yildiz, Yildiray; Annaswamy, Anuradha] MIT, Act Adapt Control Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kolmanovsky, Ilya V.; Yanakiev, Diana] Ford Motor Co, Res & Innovat Ctr, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. RP Yildiz, Y (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, UC Santa Cruz, UARC, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM yildiray.yildiz@nasa.gov; aanna@mit.edu; ikolmano@ford.com; dyanakie@ford.com FU Ford-MIT Alliance Initiative FX This work was supported through the Ford-MIT Alliance Initiative. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Davor Hrovat of Ford Motor Company for his support and encouragement during this project. NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0005-1098 J9 AUTOMATICA JI Automatica PD FEB PY 2010 VL 46 IS 2 BP 279 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.automatica.2009.11.008 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 558QA UT WOS:000274758400005 ER PT J AU Gopalakrishnan, R Genc, KO Rice, AJ Lee, SMC Evans, HJ Maender, CC Ilaslan, H Cavanagh, PR AF Gopalakrishnan, Raghavan Genc, Kerim O. Rice, Andrea J. Lee, Stuart M. C. Evans, Harlan J. Maender, Christian C. Ilaslan, Hakan Cavanagh, Peter R. TI Muscle Volume, Strength, Endurance, and Exercise Loads During 6-Month Missions in Space SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE atrophy; microgravity; magnetic resonance imaging; countermeasures; spaceflight ID FLYWHEEL RESISTIVE EXERCISE; SHORT-DURATION SPACEFLIGHT; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BED-REST; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; KNEE EXTENSOR; NUTRITION COUNTERMEASURES; CONCURRENT EXERCISE; 17-DAY SPACEFLIGHT; LOWER-BODY AB GoPALAKRISHNAN R, GENC KO, RICE AJ, LEE SMC, EVANs HJ, MAENDER CC, ILASLAN H, CAVANAGH PR. Muscle volume, strength, endurance, and exercise loads during 6-month missions in space. Aviat Space Environ Med 2010; 81:91-102. Introduction: Decrements in muscular strength during long-duration missions in space could be mission-critical during construction and exploration activities. The purpose of this study was to quantify changes in muscle volume, strength, and endurance of crewmembers on the International Space Station (ISS) in the context of new measurements of loading during exercise countermeasures. Methods: Strength and muscle volumes were measured from four male ISS crewmembers (49.5 +/- 4.7 yr, 179.3 +/- 7.1 cm, 85.2 +/- 10.4 kg) before and after long-duration spaceflight (181 +/- 15 d). Preflight and in-flight measurements of forces between foot and shoe allowed comparisons of loading from 1-g exercise and exercise countermeasures on ISS. Results: Muscle volume change was greater in the calf (-10 to 16%) than the thigh (-4% to -7%), but there was no change in the upper arm (+0.4 to -0.8%). Isometric and isokinetic strength changes at the knee (range -10.4 to -24.1%), ankle (range -4 to -22.3%), and elbow (range -7.5 to -16.7%) were observed. Although there was an overall postflight decline in total work (-14%) during the endurance test, an increase in postflight resistance to fatigue was observed. The peak in-shoe forces during running and cycling on ISS were approximately 461% and 50% lower compared to 1-g values. Discussion: Muscle volume and strength were decreased in the lower extremities of crewmembers during long-duration spaceflight on ISS despite the use of exercise countermeasures. In-flight countermeasures were insufficient to replicate the daily mechanical loading experienced by the crewmembers before flight. Future exercise protocols need careful assessment both in terms of intensity and duration to maximize the "dose" of exercise and to increase loads compared to the measured levels. C1 [Gopalakrishnan, Raghavan] Cleveland Clin, Dept Biomed Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Ilaslan, Hakan] Cleveland Clin, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Genc, Kerim O.; Rice, Andrea J.; Cavanagh, Peter R.] Univ Washington, Dept Orthoped & Sports Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Genc, Kerim O.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Lee, Stuart M. C.; Evans, Harlan J.] Wyle Integrated Sci & Engn, Houston, TX USA. [Maender, Christian C.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Cavanagh, PR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Orthoped & Sports Med, 1959 NE Pacific St,BB 1065D,Box 36500, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM cavanagh@u.washington.edu RI Gopalakrishnan, Raghavan/F-1213-2015 OI Gopalakrishnan, Raghavan/0000-0002-9038-9392 FU NASA [NCC 9 153] FX This work was supported by NASA cooperative agreement NCC 9 153. We appreciate the remarkable cooperation of the subjects and are grateful to the NASA JSC Exercise Physiology Laboratory for the isokinetic and isometric data collection.; Authors and affiliations: Raghavan Gopalakrishnan, B.S., M.S., the Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Hakan Ilaslan, M.D., the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH- Kerim O. Genc, M.S., M.S., Andrea J. Rice, B.S., M.S., and Peter R. Cavanagh, Ph.D., D.Sc., the Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kerim O. Genc, M.S., M.S., the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Stuart M. C. Lee, B.S., M.S., and Harlan J. Evans, M.S., Ph.D., Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering, Houston, TX; and Christian C. Maender, B.S., M.S., NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX. NR 50 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 13 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 BP 91 EP 102 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2583.2010 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 549QE UT WOS:000274067900001 PM 20131648 ER PT J AU Casner, SM Neville, EC AF Casner, Stephen M. Neville, Erin C. TI Airline Pilots' Knowledge and Beliefs About Over-the-Counter Medications SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE OTC drugs; flying; regulations; survey ID CIVIL-AVIATION; FATALITIES AB CASNER SM, NEVILLE EC. Airline pilots' knowledge and beliefs about over-the-counter medications. Aviat Space Environ Med 2010; 81:112-9. Introduction: Toxicological studies of accident pilots frequently find the presence of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. While many of these drugs are approved for use while flying, others are not. To better understand how pilots come to use unapproved OTC drugs, this study explored psychological and behavioral factors that might influence pilots' decisions about using OTC drug products. Methods: There were 216 working airline pilots who completed a survey that probed their 1) attitudes toward taking medications; 2) knowledge of OTC medications and the pilot-specific rules that govern their usage; 3) perceived pressures in the work environment; and 4) use of available information about OTC medications. Results: The results characterize pilots as workers who are often highly motivated to consider the use of OTC medications, but who lack the knowledge, available information, and information-seeking habits to make informed decisions about OTC drug usage under the more complicated constraints of a safety-critical job. Discussion: Rather than attempt to diminish the perceived appeal of OTC medications in the minds of pilots, we argue that pilots Must be provided with additional guidance when making decisions about OTC drug usage. C1 [Casner, Stephen M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Neville, Erin C.] San Jose State Univ, Res Fdn, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Casner, SM (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM stephen.casner@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 BP 112 EP 119 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2648.2010 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 549QE UT WOS:000274067900004 PM 20131651 ER PT J AU Darden, CB Nadler, DJ Carcione, BC Blakeslee, RJ Stano, GT Buechler, DE AF Darden, Christopher B. Nadler, David J. Carcione, Brian C. Blakeslee, Richard J. Stano, Geoffrey T. Buechler, Dennise E. TI Utilizing Total Lightning Information to Diagnose Convective Trends SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; REAL-TIME C1 [Darden, Christopher B.; Nadler, David J.; Carcione, Brian C.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Blakeslee, Richard J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Stano, Geoffrey T.] NASA SPoRT ENSCO Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. [Buechler, Dennise E.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Darden, CB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, 320A Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM Chris.Darden@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 91 IS 2 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2808.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 572XH UT WOS:000275869800002 ER PT J AU Calderhead, AI Martel, R Alasset, PJ Rivera, A Garfias, J AF Calderhead, A. I. Martel, R. Alasset, P. -J. Rivera, A. Garfias, J. TI Land subsidence induced by groundwater pumping, monitored by D-InSAR and field data in the Toluca Valley, Mexico SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; WATER-LEVEL CHANGES; SAR INTERFEROMETRY; GLACIER ALASKA; LAS-VEGAS; SURFACE; CALIFORNIA; DISPLACEMENTS; DEFORMATION; LANDSLIDES AB Excessive groundwater pumping from compressible aquifers leads to land subsidence, potentially causing significant damage to buildings and infrastructure. Differential interferometry is applied to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images (D-InSAR) of the Toluca Valley, Mexico, with the aim of measuring and monitoring land subsidence. D-InSAR results are verified with field data. Additionally, the different sensors are compared and contrasted. A total of 30 SAR images from various C-band sensors with dates ranging from December 1995 to May 2008 were used. Forty-four D-InSAR pairs were generated with 31 usable interferograms. ENVISAT ASAR generally had shorter baselines than RADARSAT-1, and thus more usable interferograms. Verifying InSAR results involved installing and taking measurements from two extensometer systems. The compressible clays compact in a relatively linear fashion, where varying compaction rates are a function of drawdown and geologic properties. The total maximum subsidence for a point location in the valley between November 2003 and May 2008 is approximately 40 cm. It is estimated that the maximum total subsidence since 1962 is over 2.0 m. C1 [Calderhead, A. I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Calderhead, A. I.; Martel, R.] Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Alasset, P. -J.] C CORE, Ottawa, ON K2K 3H4, Canada. [Rivera, A.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Garfias, J.] Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Fac Ingn CIRA, Toluca 50130, Mex Cp, Mexico. RP Calderhead, AI (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,Mail Stop 300-227, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM angus.i.calderhead@jpl.nasa.gov OI Garfias, Jaime/0000-0001-6388-2109 FU Ministere des Relations Internationales; CONACyT; Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEM); Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre & Environnement, (INRS ETE); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC); International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Ministere d'Education du Quebec FX We are grateful to the Canadian Space Agency and the Geological Survey of Canada for providing the RADAR-SAT-1 data, and we acknowledge the European Space Agency for providing ERS and ENVISAT ASAR data at cost of reproduction under project C1P 3821. We are appreciative of the Canadian Centre for Remote Sensing for providing support with the InSAR technique and comments and the Comision National del Agua for their logistical support in the field. We are also thankful to the Ministere des Relations Internationales, CONACyT, the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEM), Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre & Environnement, (INRS ETE), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) (a discovery grant held by Richard Martel), the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC), the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), and the Ministere d'Education du Quebec for their financial support. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 19 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 36 IS 1 BP 9 EP 23 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 657XX UT WOS:000282453700002 ER PT J AU Lee, MI Choi, I Tao, WK Schubert, SD Kang, IS AF Lee, Myong-In Choi, Ildae Tao, Wei-Kuo Schubert, Siegfried D. Kang, In-Sik TI Mechanisms of diurnal precipitation over the US Great Plains: a cloud resolving model perspective SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Diurnal cycle; Nocturnal precipitation; Cloud-resolving model; Cloud-radiation feedback ID LOW-LEVEL JET; TROPICAL OCEANIC CONVECTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; UNITED-STATES; MOISTURE TRANSPORT; TRIGGER FUNCTION; NORTHERN MEXICO; CYCLE; SIMULATIONS; SYSTEMS AB The mechanisms of summertime diurnal precipitation in the US Great Plains were examined with the two-dimensional (2D) Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) cloud-resolving model (CRM). The model was constrained by the observed large-scale background state and surface flux derived from the Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program's Intensive Observing Period (IOP) data at the Southern Great Plains (SGP). The model, when continuously-forced by realistic surface flux and large-scale advection, simulates reasonably well the temporal evolution of the observed rainfall episodes, particularly for the strongly forced precipitation events. However, the model exhibits a deficiency for the weakly forced events driven by diurnal convection. Additional tests were run with the GCE model in order to discriminate between the mechanisms that determine daytime and nighttime convection. In these tests, the model was constrained with the same repeating diurnal variation in the large-scale advection and/or surface flux. The results indicate that it is primarily the surface heat and moisture flux that is responsible for the development of deep convection in the afternoon, whereas the large-scale upward motion and associated moisture advection play an important role in preconditioning nocturnal convection. In the nighttime, high clouds are continuously built up through their interaction and feedback with long-wave radiation, eventually initiating deep convection from the boundary layer. Without these upper-level destabilization processes, the model tends to produce only daytime convection in response to boundary layer heating. This study suggests that the correct simulation of the diurnal variation in precipitation requires that the free-atmospheric destabilization mechanisms resolved in the CRM simulation must be adequately parameterized in current general circulation models (GCMs) many of which are overly sensitive to the parameterized boundary layer heating. C1 [Lee, Myong-In; Tao, Wei-Kuo; Schubert, Siegfried D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lee, Myong-In] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Choi, Ildae; Kang, In-Sik] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. RP Lee, MI (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM myong-in.lee@nasa.gov RI 안, 민섭/D-9972-2015; OI Lee, Myong-In/0000-0001-8983-8624 NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 34 IS 2-3 BP 419 EP 437 DI 10.1007/s00382-009-0531-x PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 546JZ UT WOS:000273808400015 ER PT J AU Deamer, D Weber, AL AF Deamer, David Weber, Arthur L. TI Bioenergetics and Life's Origins SO COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID VESICLES; PREBIOTIC SYNTHESIS; CARBONYL SULFIDE; EARLY EARTH; THIOGLUTAMIC ACID; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; HYDROGEN-CYANIDE; PRIMITIVE EARTH; AMINO-ACIDS; SUGAR MODEL AB Bioenergetics is central to our understanding of living systems, yet has attracted relatively little attention in origins of life research. This article focuses on energy resources available to drive primitive metabolism and the synthesis of polymers that could be incorporated into molecular systems having properties associated with the living state. The compartmented systems are referred to as protocells, each different from all the rest and representing a kind of natural experiment. The origin of life was marked when a rare few protocells happened to have the ability to capture energy from the environment to initiate catalyzed heterotrophic growth directed by heritable genetic information in the polymers. This article examines potential sources of energy available to protocells, and mechanisms by which the energy could be used to drive polymer synthesis. C1 [Deamer, David] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Dept Biomol Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Weber, Arthur L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Deamer, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Dept Biomol Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM deamer@soe.ucsc.edu NR 84 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 7 U2 33 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1943-0264 J9 CSH PERSPECT BIOL JI Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 2 IS 2 AR a004929 DI 10.1101/cshperspect.a004929 PG 16 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 625FX UT WOS:000279881400015 PM 20182625 ER PT J AU Gafiychuk, V Datsko, B AF Gafiychuk, V. Datsko, B. TI Mathematical modeling of different types of instabilities in time fractional reaction-diffusion systems SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Reaction-diffusion system; Fractional differential equations; Inhomogeneous oscillations; Dissipative structures ID PATTERN-FORMATION; EQUATIONS AB In this article we investigate possible scenarios of pattern formations in reaction-diffusion systems with time fractional derivatives. Linear stability analysis is performed for different values of derivative orders. Results of qualitative analysis are confirmed by numerical simulations of specific partial differential equations. Most attention is paid to two models: a fractional order reaction diffusion system with Bonhoeffer-van der Pol kinetics and to the Brusselator model. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gafiychuk, V.] SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Gafiychuk, V.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Datsko, B.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Appl Problems Mech & Math, UA-79053 Lvov, Ukraine. RP Gafiychuk, V (reprint author), SGT Inc, 7701 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 400, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM vagaf@yahoo.com; b_datsko@yahoo.com NR 21 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 59 IS 3 BP 1101 EP 1107 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2009.05.013 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 558SS UT WOS:000274767000008 ER PT J AU Laikre, L Allendorf, FW Aroner, LC Baker, CS Gregovich, DP Hansen, MM Jackson, JA Kendall, KC McKelvey, K Neel, MC Olivieri, I Ryman, N Schwartz, MK Bull, RS Stetz, JB Tallmon, DA Taylor, BL Vojta, CD Waller, DM Waples, RS AF Laikre, Linda Allendorf, Fred W. Aroner, Laurel C. Baker, C. Scott Gregovich, David P. Hansen, Michael M. Jackson, Jennifer A. Kendall, Katherine C. McKelvey, Kevin Neel, Maile C. Olivieri, Isabelle Ryman, Nils Schwartz, Michael K. Bull, Ruth Short Stetz, Jeffrey B. Tallmon, David A. Taylor, Barbara L. Vojta, Christina D. Waller, Donald M. Waples, Robin S. TI Neglect of Genetic Diversity in Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITY; MUTATION C1 [Laikre, Linda; Ryman, Nils] Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, Div Populat Genet, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Allendorf, Fred W.; Aroner, Laurel C.; Bull, Ruth Short] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Baker, C. Scott; Jackson, Jennifer A.] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Baker, C. Scott; Jackson, Jennifer A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Gregovich, David P.; Taylor, Barbara L.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Hansen, Michael M.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biol Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [McKelvey, Kevin; Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Neel, Maile C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Neel, Maile C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Olivieri, Isabelle] Univ Montpellier 2, Inst Sci Evolut, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France. [Tallmon, David A.] Univ Alaska SE, Biol & Marine Biol Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Vojta, Christina D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Waples, Robin S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Waller, Donald M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Laikre, L (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, Div Populat Genet, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM linda.laikre@popgen.su.se RI Jackson, Jennifer/E-7997-2013; Hansen, Michael/I-5979-2013; Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; Olivieri, Isabelle/E-5872-2016; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-5372-4828; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF) [EF-0423641]; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; Formas; BONUS Baltic Organisations' Network for Funding Science EEIG; U.S. Forest Service; University of Montana FX We thank J. Hellmann and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments. This work was conducted as part of the Working Group on Genetic Monitoring: Development of Tools for Conservation and Management, jointly supported by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF # EF-0423641) and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF # DEB-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. L. L. acknowledges financial support from Formas and BONUS Baltic Organisations' Network for Funding Science EEIG. The work of L. C. A. on this project was supported by a Joint Research Venture between the U.S. Forest Service and the University of Montana. NR 22 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 9 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 86 EP 88 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01425.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544VF UT WOS:000273686700013 PM 20028412 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Ganguly, J Ito, M AF Zhang, Xiaoyu Ganguly, Jibamitra Ito, Motoo TI Ca-Mg diffusion in diopside: tracer and chemical inter-diffusion coefficients SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diffusion; Thermodynamic factor; Diopside; Eucrites; Cooling rates ID FE-MG; ALUMINOSILICATE GARNETS; CATION DIFFUSION; SELF-DIFFUSION; KINETICS; OLIVINE; EXSOLUTION; PRESSURE; PYROXENE; COUPLES AB We have experimentally determined the tracer diffusion coefficients (D*) of (44)Ca and (26)Mg in a natural diopside (similar to Di(96)) as function of crystallographic direction and temperature in the range of 950-1,150 A degrees C at 1 bar and f(O(2)) corresponding to those of the WI buffer. The experimental data parallel to the a*, b, and c crystallographic directions show significant diffusion anisotropy in the a-c and b-c planes, with the fastest diffusion being parallel to the c axis. With the exception of logD*((26)Mg) parallel to the a* axis, the experimental data conform to the empirical diffusion "compensation relation", converging to logD similar to -19.3 m(2)/s and T similar to 1,155 A degrees C. Our data do not show any change of diffusion mechanism within the temperature range of the experiments. Assuming that D* varies roughly linearly as a function of angle with respect to the c axis in the a-c plane, at least within a limited domain of similar to 20A degrees from the c-axis, our data do not suggest any significant difference between D*(//c) and D*(aSyen(001)), the latter being the diffusion data required to model compositional zoning in the (001) augite exsolution lamellae in natural clinopyroxenes. Since the thermodynamic mixing property of Ca and Mg is highly nonideal, calculation of chemical diffusion coefficient of Ca and Mg must take into account the effect of thermodynamic factor (TF) on diffusion coefficient. We calculate the dependence of the TF and the chemical interdiffusion coefficient, D(Ca-Mg), on composition in the diopside-clinoenstatite mixture, using the available data on mixing property in this binary system. Our D*(Ca) values parallel to the c axis are about 1-1.5 log units larger than those Dimanov et al. (1996). Incorporating the effect of TF, the D(Ca-Mg) values calculated from our data at 1,100-1,200 A degrees C is similar to 0.6-0.7 log unit greater than the experimental quasibinary D((Ca-Mg + Fe)) data of Fujino et al. (1990) at 1 bar, and similar to 0.6 log unit smaller than that of Brady and McCallister (1983) at 25 kb, 1,150 A degrees C, if our data are normalized to 25 kb using activation volume (similar to 4 and similar to 6 cm(3)/mol for Mg and Ca diffusion, respectively) calculated from theoretical considerations. C1 [Zhang, Xiaoyu; Ganguly, Jibamitra] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ito, Motoo] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Ito, Motoo] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Ganguly, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ganguly@email.arizona.edu RI Ganguly, Jibamitra/K-6795-2012 FU NASA [NNX07AJ74G] FX This research was supported by a grant from the NASA Cosmochemistry program NNX07AJ74G. We are grateful to Prof. N. Sugiura and Dr. Miyazaki for providing access to the SIMS facility at the University of Tokyo while M. I. has been at the same University on a JSPS fellowship, and to Prof. Richard Hervig for providing access to the SIMS facility at the Arizona State University and helpful advice on the analytical procedures. Our sincere thanks are due to Profs. Youxue Zhang and Jim Van Orman for constructive reviews of the manuscript, and to Prof. Rabi Bhattacharya for deriving the relation for constrained regression for Mg diffusion. We also thank Dr. Marilena Stimpfl for some of the initial studies that have partly laid the groundwork of the experimental investigations. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 159 IS 2 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.1007/s00410-009-0422-5 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 532WW UT WOS:000272782100003 ER PT J AU Rodehacke, CB Roether, W Hellmer, HH Hall, T AF Rodehacke, Christian B. Roether, Wolfgang Hellmer, Hartmut H. Hall, Timothy TI Temporal variations and trends of CFC11 and CFC12 surface-water saturations in Antarctic marginal seas: Results of a regional ocean circulation model SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Tracers; Chlorofluorocarbons; Saturation; Antarctic bottom water; Southern ocean; Tracer inventory ID RONNE ICE SHELF; ATLANTIC DEEP-WATER; WEDDELL SEA; BOTTOM-WATER; FORMATION RATES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; VENTILATION RATES; WIND-SPEED; ROSS SEA AB The knowledge of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC11, CFC12) concentrations in ocean surface waters is a prerequisite for deriving formation rates of, and water mass ages in, deep and bottom waters on the basis of CFC data. In the Antarctic coastal region, surface-layer data are sparse in time and space, primarily due to the limited accessibility of the region. To help filling this gap, we carried Out CFC simulations using a regional ocean general circulation model (OGCM) for the Southern Ocean, which includes the ocean-ice shelf interaction. The simulated surface layer saturations, i.e. the actual surface concentrations relative to solubility-equilibrium values, are verified against available observations. The CFC surface saturations driven by concentration gradients between atmosphere and ocean are controlled mainly by the sea ice cover, sea surface temperature, and salinity. However, no uniform explanation exists for the controlling mechanisms. Here, we present simulated long-term trends and seasonal variations of surface-layer saturation at Southern Ocean deep and bottom water formation sites and other key regions, and we discuss differences between these regions. The amplitudes of the seasonal saturation cycle vary from 22% to 66% and their long-term trends range from 0.1%/year to 0.9%/year. The seasonal surface saturation maximum lags the ice cover minimum by two months. By utilizing observed bottle data the full seasonal CFC saturation cycle can be determined offering the possibility to predict long-term trends in the future. We show that ignoring the trends and using instead the saturations actually observed can lead to systematic errors in deduced inventory-based formation Fates by up to 10% and suggest an erroneous decline with time. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rodehacke, Christian B.; Roether, Wolfgang] Univ Bremen, Abt Ozeanog, Inst Umweltphys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Rodehacke, Christian B.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Hellmer, Hartmut H.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Dept Climate Sci, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Hall, Timothy] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Rodehacke, CB (reprint author), Zentrum Marine & Atmospharen Wissensch, Inst Meeresforsch, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM christian.rodehacke@zmaw.de; wroether@physik.uni-bremen.de; hartmut.hellmer@awi.de; thall@giss.nasa.gov OI Hellmer, Hartmut/0000-0002-9357-9853; Rodehacke, Christian/0000-0003-3110-3857 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [Ro 318/43]; National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA04OAR4310122] FX We thank R. Timmermann and C. Lichey for providing the model forcing fields. The sea ice concentrations were prepared by C. Colon and S. Alfano while C.B.R. participated in the NASA New York City Research Initiative (NYCRI) program under the aegis of F. Scalzo. C.B.R. thanks B. Klein and the team of the Institute for (Tracer) Oceanography at University of Bremen for their contribution to the data processing. Our particular thanks to A. Beckmann, without his comments and support in all questions regarding numerical simulations this work would never have been finalized. The project was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Nr. Ro 318/43 and by a National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Grant no. NA04OAR4310122. NR 84 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 BP 175 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2009.09.008 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 564MT UT WOS:000275219700002 ER PT J AU Sarantos, M Killen, RM Sharma, AS Slavin, JA AF Sarantos, Menelaos Killen, Rosemary M. Sharma, A. Surjalal Slavin, James A. TI Sources of sodium in the lunar exosphere: Modeling using ground-based observations of sodium emission and spacecraft data of the plasma SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Moon ID LEONID METEOR-SHOWER; PHOTON-STIMULATED DESORPTION; SOLAR-WIND; ATMOSPHERE; MERCURY; MOON; SURFACE; MAGNETOTAIL; IMPACT; NA AB Observations of the equatorial lunar sodium emission are examined to quantify the effect of precipitating ions on source rates for the Moon's exospheric volatile species. Using a model of exospheric sodium transport under lunar gravity forces, the measured emission intensity is normalized to a constant lunar phase angle to minimize the effect of different viewing geometries. Daily averages of the solar Lyman a flux and ion flux are used as the input variables for photon-stimulated desorption (PSD) and ion sputtering, respectively, while impact vaporization due to the micrometeoritic influx is assumed constant. Additionally, a proxy term proportional to both the Lyman a and to the ion flux is introduced to assess the importance of ion-enhanced diffusion and/or chemical sputtering. The combination of particle transport and constrained regression models demonstrates that, assuming sputtering yields that are typical of protons incident on lunar soils, the primary effect of ion impact on the surface of the Moon is not direct sputtering but rather an enhancement of the PSD efficiency. It is inferred that the ion-induced effects must double the PSD efficiency for flux typical of the solar wind at 1 AU. The enhancement in relative efficiency of PSD due to the bombardment of the lunar surface by the plasma sheet ions during passages through the Earth's magnetotail is shown to be approximately two times higher than when it is due to solar wind ions. This leads to the conclusion that the priming of the surface is more efficiently carried out by the energetic plasma sheet ions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sarantos, Menelaos; Slavin, James A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Killen, Rosemary M.; Sharma, A. Surjalal] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Killen, Rosemary M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Magnetospheres Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sarantos, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Code 670, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM menelaos.sarantos-1@nasa.gov RI Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; Sarantos, Menelaos/H-8136-2013 OI Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; FU NASA [NNX08AY95G] FX We acknowledge the use of Lunar Prospector data (P.I.: R.P. Lin). The OMNI data were obtained at: http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. The solar Lyman a flux was obtained from the LASP Interactive Solar Irradiance Center at: http://Iasp.colorado.edu/LISIRD/data-access.htm. M.S. was supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellowship at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Work at the University of Maryland was supported by the NASA LASER program under grant NNX08AY95G. The authors thank A.L. Sprague and S.A. Boardsen for useful suggestions and M.A. McGrath for her thorough review of this paper. NR 44 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2010 VL 205 IS 2 BP 364 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.07.039 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556OB UT WOS:000274599400004 ER PT J AU Castillo-Rogez, JC McCord, TB AF Castillo-Rogez, Julie C. McCord, Thomas B. TI Ceres' evolution and present state constrained by shape data SO ICARUS LA English DT Review DE Geophysics ID CHONDRITE PARENT BODIES; EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; HF-W CHRONOMETRY; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; THERMAL EVOLUTION; ICY SATELLITES; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; DAWN MISSION; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; GALILEAN SATELLITES AB We model Ceres' thermo-physical-chemical evolution by considering a large range of initial conditions as well as various evolutionary scenarios. Models are constrained by available shape measurements, which point to a differentiated interior for Ceres. We address the role played by hydrothermal activity in the long-term evolution of Ceres and especially the evolution of its hydrosphere. We suggest that models with times of formation shorter than about 5 My after the production of calcium-aluminum inclusions are more likely to undergo hydrothermal activity in their early history, which affects Ceres' long-term thermal evolution. We evaluate the conditions for preserving liquid water inside Ceres, a possibility enhanced by its warm surface temperature and the enrichment of its hydrosphere in a variety of chemical species. However, thermal modeling of the hydrosphere needs to be further investigated. We show that shape data can help constrain the amount of hydrated silicate in the core, and thus the extent of hydrothermal activity in Ceres. We discuss the importance of these results for the Dawn mission's arrival at Ceres in 2015. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Castillo-Rogez, Julie C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [McCord, Thomas B.] Bear Fight Ctr, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. RP Castillo-Rogez, JC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 79-24,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Julie.C.Castillo@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA; UCLA; JPL/NASA; JPL Research and Technology FX This work at the Bear Fight Center was supported in part by the NASA Dawn Discovery Program under contract to the Bear Fight Center, Columbus Technologies and Services, Inc. by the UCLA and funded by JPL/NASA. This work has been conducted at the jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Copyright 2008 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. J.C.R. was a Caltech postdoctoral researcher during part of this research. She acknowledges support of the JPL Research and Technology Development program. The authors are indebted to the reviewers for their valuable comments and especially to Dr. Olivier Mousis for his input about the possible origin of Ceres. The authors are much grateful to L. McFadden and M.Zolotov for their extensive review of this manuscript. The authors acknowledge discussion of some of the issues addressed in this paper with Barbara Cohen, Steve Vance, Georgiana Kramer, and Mathieu Choukroun. The manuscript benefited from extensive editing by G. Kramer. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. NR 135 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2010 VL 205 IS 2 BP 443 EP 459 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.008 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556OB UT WOS:000274599400009 ER PT J AU Cruikshank, DP Emery, JP Kornei, KA Bellucci, G d'Aversa, E AF Cruikshank, Dale P. Emery, Joshua P. Kornei, Katherine A. Bellucci, Giancarlo d'Aversa, Emiliano TI Eclipse reappearances of Io: Time-resolved spectroscopy (1.9-4.2 mu m) SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Io; Ices, IR spectroscopy; Satellites, Surfaces ID SPECTRAL EVIDENCE; ABSORPTION-BANDS; SO2 ATMOSPHERE; CONDENSATION; IDENTIFICATION; TELESCOPE; NIGHTSIDE; SEARCH; FROST; LO AB We obtained time-resolved, near-infrared spectra of Io during the 60-90 min following its reappearance from eclipse by Jupiter on five occasions in 2004. The purpose was to search for spectral changes, particularly in the well-known SO(2) frost absorption bands, that would indicate surface-atmosphere exchange of gaseous SO(2) induced by temperature changes during eclipse. These observations were a follow-on to eclipse spectroscopy observations in which Bellucci et al. [Bellucci et al., 2004. Icarus 172, 141-148] reported significant changes in the strengths of two strong SO(2) bands in data acquired with the VIMS instrument aboard the Cassini spacecraft. One of the bands (4.07 mu m [nu(1) + nu(3)]) observed by Bellucci et al. is visible from ground-based observatories and is included in our data. We detected no changes in Io's spectrum at any of the five observed events during the approximately 60-90 min during which spectra were obtained following Io's emergence from Jupiter's shadow. The areas of the three strongest SO(2) bands in the region 3.5-4.15 mu m were measured for each spectrum; the variation of the band areas with time does not exceed that which can be explained by the Io's few degrees of axial rotation during the intervals of observation, and in no case does the change in band strength approach that seen in the Cassini VIMS data. Our data are of sufficient quality and resolution to show the weak 2.198 mu m (4549.6 cm(-1)) 4 nu(1) band of SO(2) frost on Io for what we believe is the first time. At one of the events (June 22, 2004), we began the acquisition of spectra similar to 6 min before Io reappeared from Jupiter's shadow, during which time it was detected through its own thermal emission. No SO(2) bands were superimposed on the purely thermal spectrum on this occasion, suggesting that the upper limit to condensed SO(2) in the vertical column above Io's surface was similar to 4 x 10(-5) g cm(-2). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Cruikshank, Dale P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Emery, Joshua P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kornei, Katherine A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bellucci, Giancarlo; d'Aversa, Emiliano] IFSI, INAF, Area Ric Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Cruikshank, DP (reprint author), NASA, Infrared Telescope Facil, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Dale.P.Cruikshank@nasa.gov OI Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2010 VL 205 IS 2 BP 516 EP 527 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.05.035 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556OB UT WOS:000274599400015 ER PT J AU Lopes, RMC Stofan, ER Peckyno, R Radebaugh, J Mitchell, KL Mitri, G Wood, CA Kirk, RL Wall, SD Lunine, JI Hayes, A Lorenz, R Farr, T Wye, L Craig, J Ollerenshaw, RJ Janssen, M LeGall, A Paganelli, F West, R Stiles, B Callahan, P Anderson, Y Valora, P Soderblom, L AF Lopes, R. M. C. Stofan, E. R. Peckyno, R. Radebaugh, J. Mitchell, K. L. Mitri, G. Wood, C. A. Kirk, R. L. Wall, S. D. Lunine, J. I. Hayes, A. Lorenz, R. Farr, T. Wye, L. Craig, J. Ollerenshaw, R. J. Janssen, M. LeGall, A. Paganelli, F. West, R. Stiles, B. Callahan, P. Anderson, Y. Valora, P. Soderblom, L. CA Cassini RADAR Team TI Distribution and interplay of geologic processes on Titan from Cassini radar data SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Geological processes; Radar observations ID AMMONIUM-SULFATE; SURFACE; METHANE; ORIGIN; SAR; STABILITY; ROTATION; IMAGES; MAPPER; DUNES AB The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper is providing an unprecedented view of Titan's surface geology. Here we use Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image swaths (Ta-T30) obtained from October 2004 to December 2007 to infer the geologic processes that have shaped Titan's surface. These SAR swaths cover about 20% of the surface, at a spatial resolution ranging from similar to 350 m to similar to 2 km. The SAR data are distributed over a wide latitudinal and longitudinal range, enabling some conclusions to be drawn about the global distribution of processes. They reveal a geologically complex surface that has been modified by all the major geologic processes seen on Earth - volcanism, tectonism, impact cratering, and erosion and deposition by fluvial and aeolian activity. In this paper, we map geomorphological units from SAR data and analyze their areal distribution and relative ages of modification in order to infer the geologic evolution of Titan's surface. We find that dunes and hummocky and mountainous terrains are more widespread than lakes, putative cryovolcanic features, mottled plains, and craters and crateriform structures that may be due to impact. Undifferentiated plains are the largest areal unit; their origin is uncertain. In terms of latitudinal distribution, dunes and hummocky and mountainous terrains are located mostly at low latitudes (less than 301), with no dunes being present above 60 degrees. Channels formed by fluvial activity are present at all latitudes, but lakes are at high latitudes only. Crateriform structures that may have been formed by impact appear to be uniformly distributed with latitude, but the well-preserved impact craters are all located at low latitudes, possibly indicating that more resurfacing has occurred at higher latitudes. Cryovolcanic features are not ubiquitous, and are mostly located between 300 and 600 north. We examine temporal relationships between units wherever possible, and conclude that aeolian and fluvial/pluvial/lacustrine processes are the most recent, while tectonic processes that led to the formation of mountains and Xanadu are likely the most ancient. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lopes, R. M. C.; Mitchell, K. L.; Mitri, G.; Wall, S. D.; Farr, T.; Craig, J.; Ollerenshaw, R. J.; Janssen, M.; LeGall, A.; West, R.; Stiles, B.; Callahan, P.; Anderson, Y.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Stofan, E. R.; Paganelli, F.] Proxemy Res, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. [Peckyno, R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Radebaugh, J.; Valora, P.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Wood, C. A.] Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA. [Kirk, R. L.; Soderblom, L.] US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lunine, J. I.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lorenz, R.] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wye, L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys & Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lopes, RMC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Rosaly.M.Lopes@jpl.nasa.gov RI Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016; OI Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167; Farr, Thomas/0000-0001-5406-2096 FU National Aerospace and Space Administration (NASA) FX We are grateful for helpful reviews from Jason Barnes and Lynn Carter. This work was conducted at the jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aerospace and Space Administration (NASA). This research was carried out at the jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 70 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2010 VL 205 IS 2 BP 540 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.010 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556OB UT WOS:000274599400017 ER PT J AU Vinatier, S Bezard, B Nixon, CA Mamoutkine, A Carlson, RC Jennings, DE Guandique, EA Teanby, NA Bjoraker, GL Flasar, FM Kunde, VG AF Vinatier, Sandrine Bezard, Bruno Nixon, Conor A. Mamoutkine, Andrei Carlson, Ronald C. Jennings, Donald E. Guandique, Ever A. Teanby, Nick A. Bjoraker, Gordon L. Flasar, F. Michael Kunde, Virgil G. TI Analysis of Cassini/CIRS limb spectra of Titan acquired during the nominal mission I. Hydrocarbons, nitriles and CO2 vertical mixing ratio profiles SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Abundances, Atmosphere; Infrared observations ID COMPOSITE INFRARED SPECTROMETER; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES; COUPLING PHOTOCHEMISTRY; HETERODYNE OBSERVATIONS; LATITUDINAL VARIATIONS; ISOTOPIC-RATIOS; HAZE FORMATION; HCN; STRATOSPHERE; HC3N AB Observations of the Composite InfraRed Spectrometer (CIRS) during the entire nominal Cassini mission (2004-2008) provide us with an accurate global view of composition and temperature in the middle atmosphere of Titan (between 100 and 500 km). We investigated limb spectra acquired at 0.5 cm(-1) resolution at nine different latitudes between 56 degrees S and 80 degrees N, with a better sampling in the northern hemisphere where molecular abundances and temperature present strong latitudinal variations. From this limb data acquired between February 2005 and May 2008, we retrieved the vertical mixing ratio profiles of C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C3H8, CH3C2H, C4H2, C6H6, HCN, HC3N and CO2. We present here for the first time, the latitudinal variations of the C2H6, C3H8, CO2, C2H4 and C6H6 vertical mixing ratios profiles. Some molecules, such as C2H6 or C3H8 present little variations above their condensation level. The other molecules (except CO2) show a significant enhancement of their mixing ratios poleward of 50 degrees N. C2H4 is the only molecule whose mixing ratio decreases with height at latitudes below 46 degrees N. Regions depleted in C2H2, HCN and C4H2 are observed around 400 km (0.01 mbar) and 55 degrees N. We also inferred a region enriched in CO2 located between 30 and 40 degrees N in the 2-0.7 mbar pressure range. At 80 degrees N, almost all molecules studied here present a local minimum of their mixing ratio profiles near 300 km (similar to 0.07 mbar), which is in contradiction with Global Circulation Models that predict constant-with-height vertical profiles due to subsidence at the north pole. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Vinatier, Sandrine; Bezard, Bruno] Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Vinatier, Sandrine] Univ Paris 06, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Nixon, Conor A.; Kunde, Virgil G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nixon, Conor A.; Mamoutkine, Andrei; Carlson, Ronald C.; Jennings, Donald E.; Guandique, Ever A.; Bjoraker, Gordon L.; Flasar, F. Michael] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mamoutkine, Andrei; Guandique, Ever A.] ADNET Syst Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Carlson, Ronald C.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Teanby, Nick A.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Vinatier, S (reprint author), Observ Meudon, LESIA, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM sandrine.vinatier@obspm.fr RI Nixon, Conor/A-8531-2009; Flasar, F Michael/C-8509-2012; Bjoraker, Gordon/D-5032-2012; Jennings, Donald/D-7978-2012; OI Nixon, Conor/0000-0001-9540-9121; Teanby, Nicholas/0000-0003-3108-5775 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales; Programme National de Planetologie (INSU) FX The authors thank warmly all the CIRS Team for the large amount of work they do regarding the data preparation and processing. The authors also thank Sebastien Lebonnois for helpfull discussions on dynamics. This research was funded by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and the Programme National de Planetologie (INSU). NR 40 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2010 VL 205 IS 2 BP 559 EP 570 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.013 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556OB UT WOS:000274599400018 ER PT J AU Choukroun, M Grasset, O Tobie, G Sotin, C AF Choukroun, Mathieu Grasset, Olivier Tobie, Gabriel Sotin, Christophe TI Stability of methane clathrate hydrates under pressure: Influence on outgassing processes of methane on Titan SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Experimental techniques; Interiors; Geophysics; Geological processes ID AMMONIA-WATER SYSTEM; ICY SATELLITES; PLANETOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; HUYGENS PROBE; SURFACE; VOLATILES; CASSINI; LIQUID AB We have conducted high-pressure experiments in the H2O-CH4 and H2O-CH4-NH3 systems in order to investigate the stability of methane clathrate hydrates, with an optical sapphire-anvil cell coupled to a Raman spectrometer for sample characterization. The results obtained confirm that three factors determine the stability of methane clathrate hydrates: (1) the bulk methane content of the samples: (2) the presence of additional gas compounds such as nitrogen; (3) the concentration of ammonia in the aqueous solution. We show that ammonia has a strong effect on the stability of methane clathrates. For example, a 10 wt.% NH3 solution decreases the dissociation temperature of methane clathrates by 14-25 K at pressures above 5 MPa. Then, we apply these new results to Titan's conditions. Dissociation of methane clathrate hydrates and subsequent outgassing can only occur in Titan's icy crust, in presence of locally large amounts of ammonia and in a warm context. We propose a model of cryomagma chamber within the crust that provides the required conditions for methane outgassing: emplacement of an ice plume triggers the melting (if solid) or heating (if liquid) of large ammonia-water pockets trapped at shallow depth, and the generated cryomagmas dissociate surrounding methane clathrate hydrates. We show that this model may allow for the outgassing of significant amounts of methane, which would be sufficient to maintain the presence of methane in Titan's atmosphere for several tens of thousands of years after a large cryovolcanic event. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Choukroun, Mathieu; Sotin, Christophe] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Grasset, Olivier; Tobie, Gabriel; Sotin, Christophe] Univ Nantes, CRNS, UMR Planetol & Geodynam 6112, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. RP Choukroun, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 79-24, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mathieu.choukroun@jpl.nasa.gov; Olivier.Grasset@univ-nantes.fr; Gabriel.Tobie@univ-nantes.fr; Christophe.Sotin@jpl.nasa.gov RI Choukroun, Mathieu/F-3146-2017 OI Choukroun, Mathieu/0000-0001-7447-9139 FU NASA; Oak Ridge Associated Universities; French Programme National de Planetologie FX The authors would like to thank E. Le Merin for his valuable help in improving the experimental setup and the quality of the experiments. The authors are grateful to two anonymous reviewers, whose comments helped improve on this manuscript. MC acknowledges support from a NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellowship, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities. This work has been supported by the French Programme National de Planetologie. Part of this work has been carried out at the jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. Government sponsorship acknowledged. The NASA Astrobiology Institute node "Icy Worlds" is acknowledged for its commitment and encouragement to this work. NR 79 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 35 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2010 VL 205 IS 2 BP 581 EP 593 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.011 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556OB UT WOS:000274599400020 ER PT J AU Poulet, F Arvidson, RE Bibring, JP Gondet, B Jouglet, D Langevin, Y Morris, RV AF Poulet, F. Arvidson, R. E. Bibring, J. -P. Gondet, B. Jouglet, D. Langevin, Y. Morris, R. V. TI Mineralogy of the Phoenix landing site from OMEGA observations and how that relates to in situ Phoenix measurements SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, Surface; Mineralogy; Spectroscopy ID HYDROUS MINERALS; MARTIAN SURFACE; MARS; WATER; EXPRESS; DUST; DEPOSITS; ANALOG; H2O AB We present an analysis comparing observations acquired by the Mars Express Observatoire pour la Mineralogie l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activite (OMEGA) and Phoenix lander measurements. Analysis of OMEGA data provides evidence for hydrous and ferric phases at the Phoenix landing site and the surrounding regions. The 3 mu m hydration band deepens with increasing latitude, along with the appearance and deepening of a 1.9 mu m H2O band as latitude increases similar to 60 degrees polewards. A water content of 10-11% is derived from the OMEGA data for the optical surface at the Phoenix landing site compared to 1-2% derived for subsurface soil by Phoenix lander measurements. The hydration of these regions is best explained by surface adsorbed water onto soil grains. No evidence for carbonate or perchlorate-bearing phases is evident from OMEGA data, consistent with the relatively small abundances of these phases detected by Phoenix. The identification of spectral features consistent with hydrated phases (possibly zeolites) from OMEGA data covering regions outside the landing site and the ubiquitous ferric absorption edge suggest that chemical weathering may play a role in the arctic soils. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Poulet, F.; Bibring, J. -P.; Gondet, B.; Jouglet, D.; Langevin, Y.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Arvidson, R. E.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Morris, R. V.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Poulet, F (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Batiment 121, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM francois.poulet@ias.u-psud.fr NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2010 VL 205 IS 2 BP 712 EP 715 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.10.007 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556OB UT WOS:000274599400030 ER PT J AU Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Liu, JK Mumolo, JM Ting, DZ Hill, CJ Nguyen, J Simolon, B Woolaway, J Wang, SC Li, WP LeVan, PD Tidrow, MZ AF Gunapala, Sarath D. Bandara, Sumith V. Liu, John K. Mumolo, Jason M. Ting, David Z. Hill, Cory J. Nguyen, Jean Simolon, Brian Woolaway, James Wang, Samuel C. Li, Weiping LeVan, Paul D. Tidrow, Meimei Z. TI Demonstration of Megapixel Dual-Band QWIP Focal Plane Array SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Infrared detectors; infrared imaging; quantum well devices ID WELL INFRARED DETECTORS; CAMERA; PHOTODETECTORS; MIDWAVELENGTH AB Quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) are well known for their stability, high pixel-pixel uniformity and high pixel operability which are quintessential parameters for large area imaging arrays. In this paper we report the first demonstration of the megapixel-simultaneously-readable and pixel-co-registered dual-band QWIP focal plane array (FPA). The dual-band QWIP device was developed by stacking two multi-quantum-well stacks tuned to absorb two different infrared wavelengths. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the midwave infrared (MWIR) band extends from 4.4-5.1 mu m and FWHM of the long-wave infrared (LWIR) band extends from 7.8-8.8 mu m. Dual-band QWIP detector arrays were hybridized with direct injection 30 mu m pixel pitch megapixel dual-band simultaneously readable CMOS read out integrated circuits using the indium bump hybridization technique. The initial dual-band megapixel QWIP FPAs were cooled to 68 K operating temperature. The preliminary data taken from the first megapixel QWIP FPA has shown system NE Delta T of 27 and 40 mK for MWIR and LWIR bands, respectively. C1 [Gunapala, Sarath D.; Bandara, Sumith V.; Liu, John K.; Mumolo, Jason M.; Ting, David Z.; Hill, Cory J.; Nguyen, Jean] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Simolon, Brian; Woolaway, James] FLIR Syst Inc, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Wang, Samuel C.; Li, Weiping] GCS Inc, Torrance, CA 90505 USA. [LeVan, Paul D.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Tidrow, Meimei Z.] Missile Def Agcy AS, Washington, DC 20301 USA. RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU Air Force and Missile Defense Agency; Missile Defense Agency; Air Force Research Laboratory FX Manuscript received January 14, 2009; revised March 20, 2009. Current version published January 22, 2010. This work was supported in part by the Air Force and Missile Defense Agency. The research described in this paper was performed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and was sponsored by the Missile Defense Agency and the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 46 IS 2 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1109/JQE.2009.2024550 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 550RC UT WOS:000274145100002 ER PT J AU Mackenzie, AI Rao, SM Baginski, ME AF Mackenzie, Anne I. Rao, Sadasiva M. Baginski, Michael E. TI Method of Moments Solution of Electromagnetic Scattering Problems Involving Arbitrarily-Shaped Conducting/Dielectric Bodies Using Triangular Patches and Pulse Basis Functions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Basis functions; conducting bodies; dielectric bodies; electromagnetic scattering; scattering ID CONDUCTING BODIES; REVOLUTION; RADIATION; FIELD AB We present a new method of moments solution procedure for calculating electromagnetic scattering and radiation from conductor/dielectric composite structures. The solution is obtained using triangular patch modeling and a recently developed pair of mutually orthogonal pulse basis functions to represent the equivalent currents and. The pulse basis functions are defined with respect to the edges in the triangulated model and partially spread over the triangles connected to the edge. The orthogonality of the basis functions allows the development of stable solutions for all formulations and configurations investigated. A set of numerical results is presented that illustrates the efficacy of the present approach. C1 [Mackenzie, Anne I.] NASA, Electromagnet & Sensors Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Rao, Sadasiva M.; Baginski, Michael E.] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Mackenzie, AI (reprint author), NASA, Electromagnet & Sensors Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM anne.mackenzie-1@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 488 EP 493 DI 10.1109/TAP.2009.2037839 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 551LL UT WOS:000274210700026 ER PT J AU Fernando, PR Katkoori, S Keymeulen, D Zebulum, R Stoica, A AF Fernando, Pradeep R. Katkoori, Srinivas Keymeulen, Didier Zebulum, Ricardo Stoica, Adrian TI Customizable FPGA IP Core Implementation of a General-Purpose Genetic Algorithm Engine SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Evolvable hardware; field programmable gate arrays; genetic algorithm; IP core ID HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION; EVOLVABLE HARDWARE AB Hardware implementation of genetic algorithms (GAs) is gaining importance because of their proven effectiveness as optimization engines for real-time applications (e.g., evolvable hardware). Earlier hardware implementations suffer from major drawbacks such as absence of GA parameter programmability, rigid predefined system architecture, and lack of support for multiple fitness functions. In this paper, we report the design of an IP core that implements a general-purpose GA engine that addresses these problems. Specifically, the proposed GA IP core can be customized in terms of the population size, number of generations, crossover and mutation rates, random number generator seed, and the fitness function. It has been successfully synthesized and verified on a Xilinx Virtex II Pro Field programmable gate arrays device (xc2vp30-7ff896) with only 13% logic slice utilization, 1% block memory utilization for GA memory, and a clock speed of 50MHz. The GA core has been used as a search engine for real-time adaptive healing but can be tailored to any given application by interfacing with the appropriate application-specific fitness evaluation module as well as the required storage memory and by programming the values of the desired GA parameters. The core is soft in nature i.e., a gate-level netlist is provided which can be readily integrated with the user's system. The performance of the GA core was tested using standard optimization test functions. In the hardware experiments, the proposed core either found the globally optimum solution or found a solution that was within 3.7% of the value of the globally optimal solution. The experimental test setup including the GA core achieved a speedup of around 5.16x over an analogous software implementation. C1 [Fernando, Pradeep R.; Katkoori, Srinivas] Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Keymeulen, Didier; Zebulum, Ricardo; Stoica, Adrian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Fernando, PR (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM prfernan@cse.usf.edu; katkoori@cse.usf.edu; didier.keymeulen@jpl.nasa.gov; ricardo.zebulum@jpl.nasa.gov; adrian.stoica@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA/JPL [21081010]; National Science Foundation; Honeywell; Florida I4 High Tech Corridor FX This work was partially supported by NASA/JPL, funded Project No. 21081010, entitled Self-Reconfigurable Electronics for Extreme Environments (SRE-EE), performed during 2006-2007. S. Katkoori's research sponsors include the National Science Foundation, Honeywell, NASA JPL, and the Florida I4 High Tech Corridor Initiative. NR 39 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1089-778X EI 1941-0026 J9 IEEE T EVOLUT COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 14 IS 1 BP 133 EP 149 DI 10.1109/TEVC.2009.2025032 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 550SD UT WOS:000274148700007 ER PT J AU Irom, F Nguyen, DN Bagatin, M Cellere, G Gerardin, S Paccagnella, A AF Irom, Farokh Nguyen, Duc N. Bagatin, Marta Cellere, Giorgio Gerardin, Simone Paccagnella, Alessandro TI Catastrophic Failure in Highly Scaled Commercial NAND Flash Memories SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Catastrophic; destructive; dielectric gate rupture; micro-dose; nonvolatile memory; single event ID THIN GATE OXIDES; HEAVY-IONS; IRRADIATION; BREAKDOWN; RUPTURE AB Heavy ion single-event measurements on a variety of high density commercial NAND flash memories are reported. Three single event effect (SEE) phenomena were investigated: single effect upsets (SEUs), single effect functional interrupts (SEFIs), and a new high current phenomenon which at high LETs results in catastrophic loss of ability to erase and program the device. C1 [Irom, Farokh; Nguyen, Duc N.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bagatin, Marta; Cellere, Giorgio; Gerardin, Simone; Paccagnella, Alessandro] Univ Padua, Dept Informat Engn, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Irom, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM farokh.irom@jpl.nasa.gov; duc.n.nguyen@jpl.nasa.gov; marta.bagatin@dei.unipd.it; giorgio.cellere@ieee.org; simone.gerardin@dei.unipd.it; paccag@dei.unipd.it FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX Manuscript received July 16, 2009; revised September 10, 2009, October 03, 2009, and October 16, 2009. Current version published February 10, 2010. The research in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), under the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 57 IS 1 BP 266 EP 271 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2035315 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 553UA UT WOS:000274391100002 ER PT J AU Smart, MC Ratnakumar, BV Whitcanack, LD Puglia, FJ Santee, S Gitzendanner, R AF Smart, Marshall C. Ratnakumar, B. V. Whitcanack, L. D. Puglia, F. J. Santee, S. Gitzendanner, R. TI Life verification of large capacity Yardney Li-ion cells and batteries in support of NASA missions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE energy storage ID MARS EXPLORATION ROVER; AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS; LITHIUM BATTERIES; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE AB Lithium-ion batteries have been used on a number of NASA missions and have been base-lined for use on a number of tip-coining aerospace applications. The Li-ion cells and batteries that have been developed together with Yardney Technical Products are especially attractive due to their high specific energy and energy density, good performance over a wide operating temperature range, as well as their good calendar and cycle life performance. However, given that the Li-ion technology is relatively new to the aerospace community and that mature, large capacity prototype cells have continued to evolve over the last 10 years, real-time performance test data is especially valuable in demonstrating the capabilities over a number of environmental and application specific conditions. For this reason, we have focused on performing a number of generic and mission specific performance life tests to establish the viability of the technology to meet current and future applications. In this work, we will describe the results of a number of generic cycle life tests, including 100% depth-of-discharge (DOD) cycling at various temperatures, partial DOD cycling simulating planetary orbiters and low earth orbit (LEO) satellite conditions, as well as partial DOD mission specific testing. We will also describe the results obtained from a number of calendar life tests where the cells were stored under different conditions, such as at different temperatures and different storage modes (i.e. open circuit voltage (OCV) conditions and storage under trickle charge conditions). Methods to quantify the capacity degradation and impedance growth of the batteries when subjected to different electrical and environmental conditions will be discussed, as well as, possible degradation mechanisms that can lead to reduced lifetime. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Smart, Marshall C.; Ratnakumar, B. V.; Whitcanack, L. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Puglia, F. J.; Santee, S.; Gitzendanner, R.] Yardney Tech Prod Inc, Pawcatuck, CT 06379 USA. RP Smart, MC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Marshall.C.Smart@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NASA-Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESRT) FX The work described here was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and under sponsorship of the NASA-Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESRT). NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 32 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0363-907X J9 INT J ENERG RES JI Int. J. Energy Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 34 IS 2 SI SI BP 116 EP 132 DI 10.1002/er.1653 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 560SR UT WOS:000274923500004 ER PT J AU Smith, K Kim, GH Darcy, E Pesaran, A AF Smith, Kandler Kim, Gi-Heon Darcy, Eric Pesaran, Ahmad TI Thermal/electrical modeling for abuse-tolerant design of lithium ion modules SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-BEHAVIOR; BATTERY; CELLS AB Proper understanding of heat generation and design of heat dissipation paths arc critical for ensuring the safety of lithium ion modules during abuse events such as external shorts. Additionally, the behavior of positive thermal coefficient (PTC) current limiting devices-generally effective at the single-cell level-can be difficult to predict for a multi-cell module. To help guide battery pack design, a coupled thermal/electrical model of a commercial 18650-size cell and a module with 16 cells in parallel (16P) are developed. Cell electrical response is modeled using an equivalent circuit, including the temperature-dependent behavior of the PTC. Cell thermal response is modeled with a high-resolution thermal model from which a simpler 5-node thermal circuit model is extracted. Cell models are integrated into a module-level model considering cell-to-cell electrical and thermal interactions via conduction, convection. and radiation. The module-level model is validated with a 16P external short experiment and applied in a parametric study to assess thermal safety margin. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Smith, Kandler; Kim, Gi-Heon; Pesaran, Ahmad] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Transportat Technol & Syst, Golden, CO USA. [Darcy, Eric] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Div Energy Syst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Smith, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Transportat Technol & Syst, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO USA. EM kandler.smith@nrel.gov NR 14 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 52 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0363-907X J9 INT J ENERG RES JI Int. J. Energy Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 34 IS 2 SI SI BP 204 EP 215 DI 10.1002/er.1666 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 560SR UT WOS:000274923500011 ER PT J AU Wang, JX Wolff, DB AF Wang, Jianxin Wolff, David B. TI Evaluation of TRMM Ground-Validation Radar-Rain Errors Using Rain Gauge Measurements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEASURING MISSION TRMM; SMALL-SCALE RAINFALL; REPRESENTATIVENESS ERRORS; FIELD CAMPAIGN; DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; GAGE AB Ground-validation (CV) radar-rain products are often utilized for validation of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) space-based rain estimates, and, hence, quantitative evaluation of the GV radar-rain product error characteristics is vital. This study uses quality-controlled gauge data to compare with TRMM GV radar rain rates in an effort to provide such error characteristics. The results show that significant differences of concurrent radar gauge rain rates exist at various time scales ranging from 5 min to 1 day, despite lower overall long-term bias. However, the differences between the radar area-averaged rain rates and gauge point rain rates cannot be explained as due to radar error only. The error variance separation method is adapted to partition the variance of radar gauge differences into the gauge area point error variance and radar-rain estimation error variance. The results provide relatively reliable quantitative uncertainty evaluation of TRMM GV radar-rain estimates at various time scales and are helpful to understand better the differences between measured radar and gauge rain rates. It is envisaged that this study will contribute to better utilization of CV radar-rain products to validate versatile space-based rain estimates from TRMM, as well as the proposed Global Precipitation Measurement satellite and other satellites. C1 [Wang, Jianxin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Wang, JX (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jianxin.wang@nasa.gov RI Wolff, David/H-5502-2012 FU NASA [NN007EJ50C] FX This study was funded by NASA Grant NN007EJ50C. The authors thank Dr. Ramesh Kakar (NASA Headquarters), Dr. Scott Braun (TRMM Project Scientist), and Dr. Arthur Hou (GPM Project Scientist) for their support of this effort. We also thank the TRMM GV colleagues D. A. Marks, D. S. Silberstein, and J. L. Pippitt for providing TSP 2A53 and KMLB radar gap information. Thanks also are given to support staff at Kennedy Space Center for their routine operation of the rain gauge network. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 49 IS 2 BP 310 EP 324 DI 10.1175/2009JAMC2264.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 567NU UT WOS:000275454700008 ER PT J AU Van Thien, L Gallus, WA Olsen, MA Livesey, N AF Van Thien, Le Gallus, William A., Jr. Olsen, Mark A. Livesey, Nathaniel TI Comparison of Aura MLS Water Vapor Measurements with GFS and NAM Analyses in the Upper Troposphere-Lower Stratosphere SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANALYSIS SYSTEM; ECMWF ANALYSES; MODEL; CONVECTION; COORDINATE; REGIONS; MONSOON AB Water vapor mixing ratios in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere measured by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) version 2.2 instrument have been compared with Global Forecast System(GFS) analyses at five levels within the 300-100-hPa layer and North American Mesoscale (NAM) model analyses at six levels within the 300-50-hPa layer over the two years of 2005 and 2006 at four analysis times (e.g., 0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 UTC). Probability density functions of the vapor mixing ratios suggest that both analyses are often moister than Aura MLS values, but NAM model analyses agree somewhat better with Aura MLS measurements than GFS model analyses over the same North American domain at the five common levels. Examining five subsets of the global GFS domain, the GFS model analysis is moister than Aura MLS estimates everywhere but at 150 and 100 hPa in all regions outside of the tropics. NAM model analysis water vapor mixing ratios exceeded the Aura MLS values at all levels from 250 to 150 hPa in all four seasons of both years and some seasons at 100 and 50 hPa. Moist biases in winter and spring of both years were similar at all levels, but these moist biases in summer and fall were smaller in 2005 than in 2006 at all levels. These differences may be due to the change in the NAM from using the Eta Model to using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) in June 2006. C1 [Van Thien, Le; Gallus, William A., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA USA. [Olsen, Mark A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Livesey, Nathaniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Van Thien, L (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, 2525 Correa Rd,HIG 350, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM thienle@hawaii.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX06AH91G] FX The authors thank Eric A. Aligo for his assistance with the computational work. Comments from two anonymous reviewers substantially improved the paper. This research was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Grant NNX06AH91G. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 27 IS 2 BP 274 EP 289 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1317.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 554HY UT WOS:000274427300002 ER PT J AU Battaglia, A Rustemeier, E Tokay, A Blahak, U Simmer, C AF Battaglia, Alessandro Rustemeier, Elke Tokay, Ali Blahak, Ulrich Simmer, Clemens TI PARSIVEL Snow Observations: A Critical Assessment SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL VIDEO DISDROMETER; FALL VELOCITY; SIZE; HYDROMETEORS; PARTICLES AB The performance of the laser-optical Particle Size Velocity (PARSIVEL) disdrometer is evaluated to determine the characteristics of falling snow. PARSIVEL's measuring principle is reexamined to detect its limitations and pitfalls when applied to solid precipitation. This study uses snow observations taken during the Canadian Cloudsat/Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) Validation Project (C3VP) campaign, when two PARSIVEL instruments were collocated with a single two-dimensional disdrometer (2-DVD), which allows more detailed observation of snowflakes. When characterizing the snowflake size, PARSIVEL instruments inherently retrieve only one size parameter, which is approximately equal to the widest horizontal dimension (more accurately with large snowflakes) and that has no microphysical meaning. Unlike for raindrops, the equivolume PARSIVEL diameter-the PARSIVEL output variable-has no physical counterpart for snowflakes. PARSIVEL's fall velocity measurement may not be accurate for a single snowflake particle. This is due to the internally assumed relationship between horizontal and vertical snow particle dimensions. The uncertainty originates from the shape-related factor, which tends to depart more and more from unity with increasing snowflake sizes and can produce large errors. When averaging over a large number of snowflakes, the correction factor is size dependent with a systematic tendency to an underestimation of the fall speed (but never exceeding 20%). Compared to a collocated 2-DVD for long-lasting events, PARSIVEL seems to overestimate the number of small snowflakes and large particles. The disagreement between PARSIVEL and 2-DVD snow measurements can only be partly ascribed to PARSIVEL intrinsic limitations (border effects and sizing problems), but it has to deal with the difficulties and drawbacks of both instruments in fully characterizing snow properties. C1 [Battaglia, Alessandro; Rustemeier, Elke; Simmer, Clemens] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Tokay, Ali] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tokay, Ali] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Blahak, Ulrich] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Forschungszentrum, Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Battaglia, A (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, Hugel 20, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM batta@uni-bonn.de RI Simmer, Clemens/M-4949-2013; OI Simmer, Clemens/0000-0003-3001-8642; Battaglia, Alessandro/0000-0001-9243-3484 FU NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; TRMM Program [NNX07AF45G]; Deutsche Forschung Gemeinshaft (DFG) FX We would like to acknowledge V. N. Bringi and G. J. Huang of Colorado State University for providing 2-DVD data; D. Hudak, P. Rodriguez, and S. Brady of Environment Canada for organizing the field campaign and operating PARSIVELs during C3VP; P. G. Bashor of Computer Sciences Corporation for installing the PARSIVEL; M. Schwaller and R. Lawrence of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for funding PARSIVEL operation; R. Kakar of TRMM Program Scientist for funding the research under Grant NNX07AF45G; and the Deutsche Forschung Gemeinshaft (DFG) for funding the work by E. Rustemeier in the frame of TOSCA and of the Transregio T32 project Pattern in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere-Systems: Monitoring, Modeling and Data Assimilation. We also acknowledge the very helpful and detailed remarks of the anonymous reviewers, who considerably improved the readability of the text. NR 18 TC 46 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 27 IS 2 BP 333 EP 344 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1332.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 554HY UT WOS:000274427300006 ER PT J AU Carra, C Cucinotta, FA AF Carra, Claudio Cucinotta, Francis A. TI Binding Sites of the E. Coli DNA Recombinase Protein to the ssDNA: A Computational Study SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS LA English DT Review DE EcRecA; Homologous recombination; MM-PBSA; Binding; Molecular dynamics, PCA ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; GENERALIZED BORN MODEL; BACTERIAL RECA PROTEINS; ABSOLUTE FREE-ENERGIES; AMBER FORCE-FIELD; C-TERMINAL DOMAIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE AB Homologous recombination (HR) is a major pathway for the repair of double strand breaks, which is of primary importance for genomic stability and survival of all organisms. The crucial step in HR is the formation of the nucleoprotein filament composed by a single stranded DNA chain surrounded by the recombinases protein. The filament leads the search for an undamaged homologue, a sister-chromatid or homologous chromosome, as a template for the repair process. The theoretical study presented in this work is aimed to increase the understanding of the mechanism of interaction between a trimer of the recombinase enzyme in the Escherichia coli, EcRecA, with a model system of single stranded DNA, dT(9). The molecular dynamics (MD) calculations were performed using the Amber 10 computer code. The binding free energies are calculated with the Molecular Mechanics (MM) Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) and Generalized Born (GB) solvent accessible surface area (SA), MM-PB(GB) SA model. The study is extended by the use of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of the conformational space. Several mutants are considered and the corresponding calculated binding free energies are compared. An experimental correlation between the binding free energy and the enzyme activity is absent in the literature, however our results confirm how the wild type RecA has a higher binding affinity compared to the mutants examined. Moreover, for all cases considered, a significant contribution of the binding free energy is due to one amino-acid, R196, located in the binding loop 2 of the enzyme. This is consistent with the complete loss of the enzyme activity for any mutation on that point. C1 [Carra, Claudio] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Cucinotta, Francis A.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Carra, C (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM claudio.carra-1@nasa.gov; francis.a.cucinotta@nasa.gov FU NASA FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this work from the NASA Space Radiation Risk Assessment Project. We would like to extend our gratitude to Dr Shaowen Hu for the useful discussion on the computational methods and to Masani Denmon-Carra for helpful considerations. NR 107 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU ADENINE PRESS PI SCHENECTADY PA 2066 CENTRAL AVE, SCHENECTADY, NY 12304 USA SN 0739-1102 J9 J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN JI J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 27 IS 4 BP 407 EP 427 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 530NK UT WOS:000272599400002 PM 19916564 ER PT J AU Lau, KM Wu, HT AF Lau, K. -M. Wu, H. -T. TI Characteristics of Precipitation, Cloud, and Latent Heating Associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATIONS; MEASURING MISSION TRMM; WESTERN PACIFIC; CLIMATE MODELS; VARIABILITY; CONVECTION; RADIATION; CLUSTERS AB This study investigates the evolution of cloud and rainfall structures associated with Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data. Two complementary indices are used to define MJO phases. Joint probability distribution functions (PDFs) of cloud-top temperature and radar echo-top height are constructed for each of the eight MJO phases. The genesis stage of MJO convection over the western Pacific (phases 1 and 2) features a bottom-heavy PDF, characterized by abundant warm rain, low clouds, suppressed deep convection, and higher sea surface temperature (SST). As MJO convection develops (phases 3 and 4), a transition from the bottom-heavy to top-heavy PDF occurs. The latter is associated with the development of mixed-phase rain and middle-to-high clouds, coupled with rapid SST cooling. At the MJO convection peak (phase 5), a top-heavy PDF contributed by deep convection with mixed-phase and ice-phase rain and high echo-top heights (>5 km) dominates. The decaying stage (phases 6 and 7) is characterized by suppressed SST, reduced total rain, increased contribution from stratiform rain, and increased nonraining high clouds. Phase 7, in particular, signals the beginning of a return to higher SST and increased warm rain. Phase 8 completes the MJO cycle, returning to a bottom-heavy PDF and SST conditions similar to phase 1. The structural changes in rain and clouds at different phases of MJO are consistent with corresponding changes in derived latent heating profiles, suggesting the importance of a diverse mix of warm, mixed-phase, and ice-phase rain associated with low-level, congestus, and high clouds in constituting the life cycle and the time scales of MJO. C1 [Lau, K. -M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wu, H. -T.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Lau, KM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 613,Bldg 33,Rm C121, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM william.k.lau@nasa.gov RI Lau, William /E-1510-2012 OI Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691 FU Precipitation Measurement Missions, NASA FX This research is supported by the Precipitation Measurement Missions, NASA headquarters. The authors thank Dr. Hiroshiko Masunaga for providing brightness temperature and echo-top height data and Mr. Stephen Lang and Dr. Wei-Kuo Tao for providing the latent heating data. The comments and suggestions of two anonymous reviewers are much appreciated. NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 504 EP 518 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2920.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 553DT UT WOS:000274346700002 ER PT J AU Hagos, S Zhang, CD Tao, WK Lang, S Takayabu, YN Shige, S Katsumata, M Olson, B L'Ecuyer, T AF Hagos, Samson Zhang, Chidong Tao, Wei-Kuo Lang, Steve Takayabu, Yukari N. Shige, Shoichi Katsumata, Masaki Olson, Bill L'Ecuyer, Tristan TI Estimates of Tropical Diabatic Heating Profiles: Commonalities and Uncertainties SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TRMM PR DATA; SPECTRAL RETRIEVAL; VERTICAL PROFILES; CLOUD CLUSTERS; TOGA COARE; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; MOISTURE BUDGETS; ENERGY BUDGET AB This study aims to evaluate the consistency and discrepancies in estimates of diabatic heating profiles associated with precipitation based on satellite observations and microphysics and those derived from the thermodynamics of the large-scale environment. It presents a survey of diabatic heating profile estimates from four Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) products, four global reanalyses, and in situ sounding measurements from eight field campaigns at various tropical locations. Common in most of the estimates are the following: (i) bottom-heavy profiles, ubiquitous over the oceans, are associated with relatively low rain rates, while top-heavy profiles are generally associated with high rain rates; (ii) temporal variability of latent heating profiles is dominated by two modes, a deep mode with a peak in the upper troposphere and a shallow mode with a low-level peak; and (iii) the structure of the deep modes is almost the same in different estimates and different regions in the tropics. The primary uncertainty is in the amount of shallow heating over the tropical oceans, which differs substantially among the estimates. C1 [Hagos, Samson; Zhang, Chidong] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Tao, Wei-Kuo; Lang, Steve; Olson, Bill] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Takayabu, Yukari N.] Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Tokyo, Japan. [Shige, Shoichi] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Osaka, Japan. [Katsumata, Masaki] JAMSTEC RIGC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. [L'Ecuyer, Tristan] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hagos, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K9-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM samson.hagos@pnl.gov RI hagos, samson /K-5556-2012; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/C-7040-2013; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/E-5607-2012; PMM, JAXA/K-8537-2016 OI L'Ecuyer, Tristan/0000-0002-7584-4836; FU NASA TRMM/GPM FX We express our sincere gratitude to the editor and anonymous reviewers, as well as Paul Ciesielski, Steve Esbensen, Richard Johnson, Yasu-Masa Kodama, Steve Kruger, Wen-wen Tung, Xiaoqing Wu, Xiping Zeng, and Minghua Zhang, who provided or helped us acquire the various sounding datasets. This study was support by the NASA TRMM/GPM project. NR 44 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 542 EP 558 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3025.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 553DT UT WOS:000274346700004 ER PT J AU Karnieli, A Agam, N Pinker, RT Anderson, M Imhoff, ML Gutman, GG Panov, N Goldberg, A AF Karnieli, Arnon Agam, Nurit Pinker, Rachel T. Anderson, Martha Imhoff, Marc L. Gutman, Garik G. Panov, Natalya Goldberg, Alexander TI Use of NDVI and Land Surface Temperature for Drought Assessment: Merits and Limitations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL VEGETATION INDEX; RESOLUTION SATELLITE DATA; CHANGE-VECTOR ANALYSIS; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; NOAA-AVHRR DATA; COVER CHANGE; NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; MULTITEMPORAL SPACE; THERMAL-EMISSIONS AB A large number of water- and climate-related applications, such as drought monitoring, are based on spaceborne-derived relationships between land surface temperature (LST) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The majority of these applications rely on the existence of a negative slope between the two variables, as identified in site- and time-specific studies. The current paper investigates the generality of the LST-NDVI relationship over a wide range of moisture and climatic/radiation regimes encountered over the North American continent (up to 60 degrees N) during the summer growing season (April-September). Information on LST and NDVI was obtained from long-term (21 years) datasets acquired with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). It was found that when water is the limiting factor for vegetation growth (the typical situation for low latitudes of the study area and during the midseason), the LST NDVI correlation is negative. However, when energy is the limiting factor for vegetation growth (in higher latitudes and elevations, especially at the beginning of the growing season), a positive correlation exists between LST and NDVI. Multiple regression analysis revealed that during the beginning and the end of the growing season, solar radiation is the predominant factor driving the correlation between LST and NDVI, whereas other biophysical variables play a lesser role. Air temperature is the primary factor in midsummer. It is concluded that there is a need to use empirical LST-NDVI relationships with caution and to restrict their application to drought monitoring to areas and periods where negative correlations are observed, namely, to conditions when water-not energy-is the primary factor limiting vegetation growth. C1 [Karnieli, Arnon; Panov, Natalya; Goldberg, Alexander] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Remote Sensing Lab, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. [Agam, Nurit; Anderson, Martha] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Pinker, Rachel T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Imhoff, Marc L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gutman, Garik G.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. RP Karnieli, A (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Remote Sensing Lab, Sede Boker Campus, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. EM karnieli@bgu.ac.il RI Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Agam, Nurit/0000-0002-8921-6179 FU University of Maryland's Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC) [NNG04GM89G]; NASA EOD/IDS [NAG59634]; Radiation Sciences Program, Earth Science Division, Science Mission Directorate [NNG04GD65G] FX We wish to thank the NASA Headquarters' Land Cover Land Use Change Program, the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, and the University of Maryland's Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC) for support (Grant NNG04GM89G). NARR data were obtained from NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. The work that led to the availability of the radiative fluxes was supported by NASA EOD/IDS Grant NAG59634 and by Grant NNG04GD65G from the Radiation Sciences Program, Earth Science Division, Science Mission Directorate. The ISCCP data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Sciences Data Center. Finally, the authors wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their important and constructive comments. NR 96 TC 104 Z9 115 U1 6 U2 50 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 618 EP 633 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2900.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 553DT UT WOS:000274346700008 ER PT J AU Stern, D Jimenez, R Verde, L Kamionkowski, M Stanford, SA AF Stern, Daniel Jimenez, Raul Verde, Licia Kamionkowski, Marc Stanford, S. Adam TI Cosmic chronometers: constraining the equation of state of dark energy. I: H(z) measurements SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark energy experiments; galaxy clusters; galaxy surveys ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; STELLAR POPULATION SYNTHESIS; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; DEEP CLUSTER SURVEY; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE AB We present new determinations of the cosmic expansion history from red-envelope galaxies. We have obtained for this purpose high-quality spectra with the Keck-LRIS spectrograph of red-envelope galaxies in 24 galaxy clusters in the redshift range 0.2 < z < 1.0. We complement these Keck spectra with high-quality, publicly available archival spectra from the SPICES and VVDS surveys. We improve over our previous expansion history measurements in Simon et al. (2005) by providing two new determinations of the expansion history: H (z) = 97 +/- 62 km sec(-1) Mpc(-1) at z similar or equal to 0.5 and H (z) = 90 +/- 40 km sec(-1) Mpc(-1) at z similar or equal to 0.9. We discuss the uncertainty in the expansion history determination that arises from uncertainties in the synthetic stellar-population models. We then use these new measurements in concert with cosmic-microwave-background (CMB) measurements to constrain cosmological parameters, with a special emphasis on dark-energy parameters and constraints to the curvature. In particular, we demonstrate the usefulness of direct H (z) measurements by constraining the dark-energy equation of state parameterized by w(0) and w(a) and allowing for arbitrary curvature. Further, we also constrain, using only CMB and H (z) data, the number of relativistic degrees of freedom to be 4 +/- 0.5 and their total mass to be < 0.2 eV, both at 1 sigma. C1 [Stern, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Jimenez, Raul; Verde, Licia] Univ Barcelona, ICREA, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Jimenez, Raul; Verde, Licia] Univ Barcelona, Inst Sci Cosmos ICC, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Kamionkowski, Marc] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Stanford, S. Adam] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stanford, S. Adam] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Stern, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 169-506, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM stern@thisvi.jpl.nasa.gov; raul@icc.ub.edu; licia@icc.ub.edu; kamion@tapir.caltech.edu; stanford@physics.ucdavis.edu OI Kamionkowski, Marc/0000-0001-7018-2055; Verde, Licia/0000-0003-2601-8770; Jimenez, Raul/0000-0002-3370-3103 FU Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation [AYA 2008-03531]; European Union [FP7 PEOPLE-2002IRG4-4-IRG, 202182]; DoE [DEFG03-92-ER40701]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX The work of DS was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, operated by the California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. The work of RJ and LV is supported by funds from the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation AYA 2008-03531 and the European Union (FP7 PEOPLE-2002IRG4-4-IRG#202182). MK was supported by DoE DEFG03-92-ER40701 and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. We thank the members of the SPICES and VVDS teams for making their spectroscopic data publicly available, and we acknowledge the use of the Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA). Support for LAMBDA is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science. Finally, the authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. NR 84 TC 225 Z9 228 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD FEB PY 2010 IS 2 AR 008 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2010/02/008 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 575XA UT WOS:000276102300027 ER PT J AU Lien, MC Ruthruff, E Johnston, JC AF Lien, Mei-Ching Ruthruff, Eric Johnston, James C. TI Attentional Capture With Rapidly Changing Attentional Control Settings SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE attentional capture; spatial attention; task switching; attentional control ID VISUAL-SEARCH; TOP-DOWN; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; PERCEPTUAL SELECTIVITY; ABRUPT ONSETS; CONTINGENT; COLOR; SET; TASK; SINGLETONS AB The classic theory of spatial attention hypothesized 2 modes, voluntary and involuntary. Folk, Remington, and Johnston (1992) reported that even involuntary attention capture by stimuli requires a match between stimulus properties and what the observer is looking for. This surprising conclusion has been confirmed by many subsequent studies. In these studies, however, the observer typically looks for the same property throughout an entire session. Real-world behavior, in contrast, often requires frequent shifts in attentional set. The present study examined whether such shifts weaken attentional settings, allowing task-irrelevant objects to capture attention. Surprisingly, fluctuating control settings did not increase vulnerability to capture by salient stimuli (color singletons and abrupt onsets). We conclude that the attention control system is remarkably flexible, able to rapidly and fully adopt new settings and abandon old settings. C1 [Lien, Mei-Ching] Oregon State Univ, Dept Psychol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ruthruff, Eric] Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Johnston, James C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lien, MC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Psychol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mei.lien@oregonstate.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We are grateful for financial support from the Aviation Safety program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 47 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0096-1523 J9 J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN JI J. Exp. Psychol.-Hum. Percept. Perform. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1037/a0015875 PG 16 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 550GE UT WOS:000274115500001 PM 20121291 ER PT J AU Ozdogan, M Rodell, M Beaudoing, HK Toll, DL AF Ozdogan, Mutlu Rodell, Matthew Beaudoing, Hiroko Kato Toll, David L. TI Simulating the Effects of Irrigation over the United States in a Land Surface Model Based on Satellite-Derived Agricultural Data SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL PREDICTION; NATIONAL CENTERS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLIMATE MODELS; SOIL-MOISTURE; NLDAS PROJECT; HIGH-PLAINS; ETA-MODEL; TEMPERATURE AB A novel method is introduced for integrating satellite-derived irrigation data and high-resolution crop-type information into a land surface model (LSM). The objective is to improve the simulation of land surface states and fluxes through better representation of agricultural land use. Ultimately, this scheme could enable numerical weather prediction (NWP) models to capture land-atmosphere feedbacks in managed lands more accurately and thus improve forecast skill. Here, it is shown that the application of the new irrigation scheme over the continental United States significantly influences the surface water and energy balances by modulating the partitioning of water between the surface and the atmosphere. In this experiment, irrigation caused a 12% increase in evapotranspiration (QLE) and an equivalent reduction in the sensible heat flux (QH) averaged over all irrigated areas in the continental United States during the 2003 growing season. Local effects were more extreme: irrigation shifted more than 100 W m(-2) from QH to QLE in many locations in California, eastern Idaho, southern Washington, and southern Colorado during peak crop growth. In these cases, the changes in ground heat flux (QG), net radiation (RNET), evapotranspiration (ET), runoff (R), and soil moisture (SM) were more than 3 W m(-2), 20 W m(-2), 5 mm day(-1), 0.3 mm day(-1), and 100 mm, respectively. These results are highly relevant to continental-to-global-scale water and energy cycle studies that, to date, have struggled to quantify the effects of agricultural management practices such as irrigation. On the basis of the results presented here, it is expected that better representation of managed lands will lead to improved weather and climate forecasting skill when the new irrigation scheme is incorporated into NWP models such as NOAA's Global Forecast System (GFS). C1 [Ozdogan, Mutlu] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rodell, Matthew; Beaudoing, Hiroko Kato; Toll, David L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Beaudoing, Hiroko Kato] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ozdogan, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm, 1710 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ozdogan@wisc.edu RI Rodell, Matthew/E-4946-2012; OI Rodell, Matthew/0000-0003-0106-7437; Ozdogan, Mutlu/0000-0002-1707-3375 FU U.S. National Research Council; NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP) Fellowships FX This research was partially made possible by the U.S. National Research Council and NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP) Fellowships awarded to Mutlu Ozdogan. Dr. Ozdogan also acknowledges generous computation and logistical support from the Hydrological Sciences Branch at NASA GSFC. GOES land surface temperature data were provided by Martha Anderson of ARS, USDA Maryland. The lysimeter data for California were provided by Dr. James Ayars of ARS, USDA California. NR 51 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 BP 171 EP 184 DI 10.1175/2009JHM1116.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 566BN UT WOS:000275344800010 ER PT J AU Gabb, TP Telesman, J Hazel, B Mourer, DP AF Gabb, Timothy P. Telesman, Jack Hazel, Brian Mourer, David P. TI The Effects of Hot Corrosion Pits on the Fatigue Resistance of a Disk Superalloy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE aerospace; corrosion testing; failure analysis; mechanical testing; superalloys ID PITTING CORROSION; LIFE AB The effects of hot corrosion pits on low-cycle fatigue life and failure modes of the disk superalloy ME3 were investigated. Low-cycle fatigue specimens were subjected to hot corrosion exposures producing pits, then tested at low and high temperatures. Fatigue lives and failure initiation points were compared to those of specimens without corrosion pits. Several tests were interrupted to estimate the fraction of fatigue life that fatigue cracks initiated at pits. Corrosion pits significantly reduced fatigue life by 60 to 98%. Fatigue cracks initiated at a very small fraction of life for high-temperature tests, but initiated at higher fractions in tests at low temperature. Critical pit sizes required to promote fatigue cracking were estimated based on measurements of pits initiating cracks on fracture surfaces. C1 [Gabb, Timothy P.; Telesman, Jack] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Hazel, Brian] GE Aviat, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. [Mourer, David P.] GE Aviat, Lynn, MA 01910 USA. RP Gabb, TP (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM tim.gabb@grc.nasa.gov FU NASA Glenn Research Center; NASA Aviation Safety and Intelligent Propulsion FX The authors would like to acknowledge Ron Tolbert at GE Aviation for technical work, John Gayda at NASA Glenn Research Center for finite element modeling, James W. Smith for microprobe evaluations, and the NASA Aviation Safety and Intelligent Propulsion programs for support. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 77 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s11665-009-9399-5 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 544OM UT WOS:000273667600011 ER PT J AU Hatamleh, O Forth, S Reynolds, AP AF Hatamleh, Omar Forth, Scott Reynolds, Anthony P. TI Fatigue Crack Growth of Peened Friction Stir-Welded 7075 Aluminum Alloy under Different Load Ratios SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE fatigue crack growth; friction stir welding; laser peening; shot peening; stress ratio; 7075 ID RESIDUAL-STRESS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; WELDING SPEED; MICROSTRUCTURE; JOINTS AB The effect of peening on the fatigue crack growth performance of friction stir-welded 7075 aluminum alloy was investigated. The fatigue crack growth rates were assessed for laser- and shot-peening conditions at stress ratios (R) of 0.1 and 0.7. The surface and through thickness residual stress distributions were characterized for the different regions in the weld. The results indicate a significant reduction in fatigue crack growth rates using laser peening compared to shot peening and the as-welded condition. The effect of the compressive stresses obtained through laser peening was deemed responsible for increasing the resistance to fatigue crack growth of the welds. C1 [Hatamleh, Omar] NASA, Struct Branch, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Forth, Scott] NASA, Mat Branch, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Reynolds, Anthony P.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Hatamleh, O (reprint author), NASA, Struct Branch, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM omar.hatamleh-1@nasa.gov RI Reynolds, Anthony/F-2585-2010 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1007/s11665-009-9439-1 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 544OM UT WOS:000273667600013 ER PT J AU Tessler, A Di Sciuva, M Gherlone, M AF Tessler, Alexander Di Sciuva, Marco Gherlone, Marco TI A CONSISTENT REFINEMENT OF FIRST-ORDER SHEAR DEFORMATION THEORY FOR LAMINATED COMPOSITE AND SANDWICH PLATES USING IMPROVED ZIGZAG KINEMATICS SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE first-order shear deformation plate theory; zigzag kinematics; laminated composite plates; sandwich plates; virtual work principle ID IMPROVED INPLANE RESPONSES; HIGHER-ORDER THEORY; DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; MODELS; SHELLS; BEAMS; STRESS AB A refined zigzag theory is presented for laminated-composite and sandwich plates that includes the kinematics of first-order shear deformation theory as its baseline. The theory is variationally consistent and is derived from the virtual work principle. Novel piecewise-linear zigzag functions are used, providing a more realistic representation of the deformation states of transverse shear-flexible plates than other similar theories. The formulation does not enforce full continuity of the transverse shear stresses across the plate's thickness, yet it is robust. Transverse shear correction factors are not required to yield accurate results. The theory avoids the shortcomings of earlier zigzag theories ( such as shear-force inconsistency and difficulties in simulating clamped boundary conditions) which have limited their accuracy. This new theory requires only C-0-continuous kinematic approximations and is perfectly suited for developing computationally efficient finite elements. It should be useful for obtaining relatively efficient, accurate estimates of structural response, needed in designing high-performance load-bearing aerospace structures. C1 [Tessler, Alexander] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Struct Mech & Concepts Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Di Sciuva, Marco; Gherlone, Marco] Politecn Torino, Dept Aeronaut & Space Engn, I-10129 Turin, Italy. RP Tessler, A (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Struct Mech & Concepts Branch, Mail Stop 190, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM alexander.tessler-1@nasa.gov; marco.disciuva@polito.it; marco.gherlone@polito.it RI Tessler, Alexander/A-4729-2009; OI Gherlone, Marco/0000-0002-5711-0046 FU Piedmont Region [E57]; Politecnico di Torino FX Di Sciuva and Gherlone acknowledge the Piedmont Region for the financial support of this research in the framework of Contract E57 "Multidisciplinary optimization of aeromechanical structural systems." The third author also gratefully acknowledges Politecnico di Torino for supporting his research in the framework of the Young Researchers Program ( 2007). NR 42 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 10 PU MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE PUBL PI BERKELEY PA UNIV CALIFORNIA, DEPT MATHEMATICS, BERKELEY, CA 94720-3840 USA SN 1559-3959 J9 J MECH MATER STRUCT JI J. Mech. Mater. Struct. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 BP 341 EP 367 DI 10.2140/jomms.2010.5.341 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 657UQ UT WOS:000282442700010 ER PT J AU Rinsland, CP Chiou, L Goldman, A Hannigan, JW AF Rinsland, Curtis P. Chiou, Linda Goldman, Aaron Hannigan, James W. TI Multi-decade measurements of the long-term trends of atmospheric species by high-spectral-resolution infrared solar absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric remote sensing; Infrared; Long-term trends ID VERTICAL COLUMN ABUNDANCE; CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT ACE; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE SF6; KITT-PEAK; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; OZONE; CHLORINE; HCFC-22; CHCLF2 AB Solar absorption spectra were recorded for the first time in 5 years with the McMath Fourier transform spectrometer at the US National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak in southern Arizona, USA (31.91 degrees N latitude, 111.61 degrees W longitude, 2.09 km altitude). The solar absorption spectra cover 750-1300 and 1850-5000 cm(-1) and were recorded on 20 days during March-June 2009. The measurements mark the continuation of a long-term record of atmospheric chemical composition measurements that have been used to quantify seasonal cycles and long-term trends of both tropospheric and stratospheric species from observations that began in 1977. Fits to the measured spectra have been performed, and they indicate the spectra obtained since return to operational status are nearly free of channeling and the instrument line shape function is well reproduced taking into account the measurement parameters. We report updated time series measurements of total columns for six atmospheric species and their analysis for seasonal cycles and long-term trends. As an example, the time series fit shows a decrease in the annual increase rate in Montreal-Protocol-regulated chlorofluorocarbon CCl(2)F(2) from 1.51 +/- 0.38% yr(-1) at the beginning of the time span to -1.54 +/- 1.28% yr(-1) at the end of the time span, 1 sigma, and hence provides evidence for the impact of those regulations on the trend. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rinsland, Curtis P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Chem & Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Chiou, Linda] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Latham, MD 20706 USA. [Goldman, Aaron] Univ Denver, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Hannigan, James W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rinsland, CP (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Chem & Dynam Branch, 21 Langley Blvd,Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM c.p.rinsland@larc.nasa.gov FU NASA Langley Research Center FX Analysis of the Kitt Peak spectra at the NASA Langley Research Center was supported by NASA's Upper Atmospheric Chemistry and Modeling Program (ACMAP) and Upper Atmosphere Research Program (UARP). We acknowledge the US National Solar Observatory for providing the infrared solar spectra and observational parameters assumed in this study. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 111 IS 3 BP 376 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.09.012 PG 8 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 547TZ UT WOS:000273913600006 ER PT J AU Rinsland, CP Chiou, L Boone, C Bernath, P Mahieu, E AF Rinsland, Curtis P. Chiou, Linda Boone, Chris Bernath, Peter Mahieu, Emmanuel TI First measurements of the HCFC-142b trend from atmospheric chemistry experiment (ACE) solar occultation spectra (vol 110, pg 2127, 2009) SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Correction C1 [Rinsland, Curtis P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Chiou, Linda] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Boone, Chris] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bernath, Peter] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Mahieu, Emmanuel] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Liege, Belgium. RP Rinsland, CP (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM curtis.p.rinsland@nasa.gov RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 111 IS 3 BP 520 EP 520 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.09.008 PG 1 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 547TZ UT WOS:000273913600020 ER PT J AU Heymsfield, GM Tian, L Heymsfield, AJ Li, LH Guimond, S AF Heymsfield, Gerald M. Tian, Lin Heymsfield, Andrew J. Li, Lihua Guimond, Stephen TI Characteristics of Deep Tropical and Subtropical Convection from Nadir-Viewing High-Altitude Airborne Doppler Radar SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL VELOCITY CHARACTERISTICS; GROUND-BASED RADAR; OCEANIC CONVECTION; SQUALL LINE; PRECIPITATION FEATURES; TERMINAL VELOCITY; HOT TOWERS; TOGA COARE; TRMM; AIRCRAFT AB This paper presents observations of deep convection characteristics in the tropics and subtropics that have been classified into four categories: tropical cyclone, oceanic, land, and sea breeze. Vertical velocities in the convection were derived from Doppler radar measurements collected during several NASA field experiments from the nadir-viewing high-altitude ER-2 Doppler radar (EDOP). Emphasis is placed on the vertical structure of the convection from the surface to cloud top (sometimes reaching 18-km altitude). This unique look at convection is not possible from other approaches such as ground-based or lower-altitude airborne scanning radars. The vertical motions from the radar measurements are derived using new relationships between radar reflectivity and hydrometeor fall speed. Various convective properties, such as the peak up-draft and downdraft velocities and their corresponding altitude, heights of reflectivity levels, and widths of reflectivity cores, are estimated. The most significant findings are the following: 1) strong updrafts that mostly exceed 15 m s(-1), with a few exceeding 30 m s(-1), are found in all the deep convection cases, whether over land or ocean; 2) peak updrafts were almost always above the 10-km level and, in the case of tropical cyclones, were closer to the 12-km level; and 3) land-based and sea-breeze convection had higher reflectivities and wider convective cores than oceanic and tropical cyclone convection. In addition, the high-resolution EDOP data were used to examine the connection between reflectivity and vertical velocity, for which only weak linear relationships were found. The results are discussed in terms of dynamical and microphysical implications for numerical models and future remote sensors. C1 [Heymsfield, Gerald M.; Li, Lihua] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tian, Lin] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Heymsfield, Andrew J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Guimond, Stephen] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Heymsfield, GM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM gerald.heymsfield@nasa.gov RI Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011 NR 65 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 67 IS 2 BP 285 EP 308 DI 10.1175/2009JAS3132.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 555UL UT WOS:000274541400001 ER PT J AU Watson, AB AF Watson, Andrew B. TI Display motion blur: Comparison of measurement methods SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY LA English DT Article DE MPRT; BET; EBET; PBET; GET ID LCD AB Motion blur is a significant display property for which accurate, valid, and robust measurement methods are needed. Recent motion-blur measurements of a set of eight displays by a set of six measurement devices provided an opportunity to evaluate techniques of measurement and analysis. Both the raw data waveforms collected by each device and the metrics derived from those waveforms were examined. Significant discrepancies between instruments and variability within instruments were found. A new motion-blur metric (GET) that exhibits increased robustness and reduced variability relative to existing metrics is proposed. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Watson, AB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 262-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM andrew.b.watson@nasa.gov FU NASA's Space Human Factors Engineering Project [466199]; NASA/FAA Interagency [DTFAWA-08-X80023] FX I thank all the members of the ICDM who provided data or other support for this project, especially Ed Kelly (NIST), Joe Miseli (Sun Microsystems and Oracle), and Jongseo Lee (Samsung). This work was supported in part by NASA's Space Human Factors Engineering Project, WBS 466199 and by NASA/FAA Interagency Agreement DTFAWA-08-X80023. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC INFORMATION DISPLAY PI CAMPBELL PA 1475 S BASCOM AVE, STE 114, CAMPBELL, CA 95008 USA SN 1071-0922 J9 J SOC INF DISPLAY JI J. Soc. Inf. Disp. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 18 IS 2 BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.1889/JSID18.2.179 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 550TZ UT WOS:000274154400011 ER PT J AU Schairer, ET Heineck, JT AF Schairer, Edward T. Heineck, James T. TI Photogrammetric recession measurements of ablative materials in arcjets SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE photogrammetry; ablation; recession; arcjet; cross correlation ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY AB This paper describes an optical method for measuring the recession time histories of ablative thermal protection system (TPS) materials as they are tested in an arcjet facility. The method is non-intrusive and requires no external light source or modifications to the test article. It does require, first, a test article that exhibits texture as it ablates, and, second, high-resolution video images of the ablating surface from at least two directions. Software automatically reads the sequences of images and, by successive image cross correlation, tracks the deformation of a surface grid that conforms to the shape of the test article. Standard photogrammetric transformations are used to convert image-plane displacements of the surface grid to object-space displacements. The method yields a time history of the displacement of each node of the grid for the full time that the test article is exposed to the arcjet flow. Measurements have been made during many tests in the 60 MW arcjet at NASA Ames Research Center, including tests of TPS materials for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle and Mars Science Laboratory. The photogrammetric recession measurements have been in good agreement with post-test measurements of the change in thickness of the test articles. C1 [Schairer, Edward T.; Heineck, James T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Schairer, ET (reprint author), Expt AeroPhys Branch, MS 260-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM edward.t.schairer@nasa.gov FU Thermo-physics Facilities Branch at Ames; NASA CEV Thermal Protection System FX The authors thank Joe Hartman, formerly chief of the Thermo-physics Facilities Branch at Ames, for recognizing the potential of PRM and for providing the funding and opportunity to perform proof-of-concept tests. We also thank James Reuther, George Raiche and Jay Grinstead of the NASA CEV Thermal Protection System/Advanced Development Program for funding our work. Thanks also to Frank Hui, Imelda Terrazas-Salinas, Enrique Carballo and Vince Meglio of the Thermo-physics Facilities Branch at Ames for making room for our cameras and mirrors in an already crowded facility and for integrating our measurements into their test plans. We thank Antonella Alunna and Jose Chavez for providing direct measurements, and Ed Martinez of the Thermo-physics Facilities Branch for permission to use embedded-sensor data. Thanks also to Louise Walker of the Experimental AeroPhysics Branch for help in preparing figures. Finally, we thank the principal investigators - Kristina Skokova (CEV materials), Tomo Oishi (embedded sensors) and Dave Driver (MSL wedge tests) - for including us in their test plans. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 21 IS 2 AR 025304 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/21/2/025304 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 545JW UT WOS:000273729300017 ER PT J AU Yu, A Yang, F Elsherbeni, AZ Huang, J Rahmat-Samii, Y AF Yu, Ang Yang, Fan Elsherbeni, Atef Z. Huang, John Rahmat-Samii, Yahya TI APERTURE EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF REFLECTARRAY ANTENNAS SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aperture efficiency; illumination efficiency; spillover efficiency; reflectarray AB In the design procedure of a reflectarray antenna system, the aperture efficiency needs to be first analyzed to forecast the System performance. This article investigates the effects of the reflectarray configuration parameters on the antenna aperture efficiency. A general approach is introduced to calculate the spillover efficiency of a reflectarray with arbitrarily shaped aperture and feed scheme. Meanwhile, the illumination efficiency of the reflectarray is anal),zed with a unified set of equations. On the basis of these derivations, parametric studies are performed to provide design guidelines for optimizing the aperture efficiency of reflectarray antennas. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 364-372, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24949 C1 [Yu, Ang; Yang, Fan; Elsherbeni, Atef Z.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Elect Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. [Huang, John] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Rahmat-Samii, Yahya] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Yu, A (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Elect Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. EM ayu@olemiss.edu NR 8 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0895-2477 EI 1098-2760 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 52 IS 2 BP 364 EP 372 DI 10.1002/mop.24949 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 541SH UT WOS:000273439900030 ER PT J AU Hou, Z Banday, AJ Gorski, KM Groeneboom, NE Eriksen, HK AF Hou, Zhen Banday, A. J. Gorski, K. M. Groeneboom, N. E. Eriksen, H. K. TI Frequentist comparison of CMB local extrema statistics in the five-year WMAP data with two anisotropic cosmological models SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: data analysis; cosmic microwave background ID HEMISPHERICAL POWER ASYMMETRY; PROBE SKY MAPS; GAUSSIAN STATISTICS; COLD SPOTS; FULL-SKY; MICROWAVE; PEAKS; HOT; FLUCTUATIONS AB We present local extrema studies of two models that introduce a preferred direction into the observed cosmic microwave background temperature field. In particular, we make a frequentist comparison of the one- and two-point statistics for the dipole modulation and ACW models with data from the five-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). This analysis is motivated by previously revealed anomalies in the WMAP data, and particularly the difference in the statistical nature of the temperature anisotropies when analysed in hemispherical partitions. The analysis of the one-point statistics indicates that the previously determined hemispherical variance difficulties can be apparently overcome by a dipole modulation field, but new inconsistencies arise if the mean and the l-dependence of the statistics are considered. The two-point correlation functions of the local extrema, xi(TT) (the temperature pair product) and xi(PP) (point-point spatial pair count), demonstrate that the impact of such a modulation is to over-'asymmetrise' the temperature field on smaller scales than the wavelength of the dipole or quadrupole, and this is disfavoured by the observed data. The results from the ACW model predictions, however, are consistent with the standard isotropic hypothesis. The two-point analysis confirms that the impact of this type of violation of isotropy on the temperature extrema statistics is relatively weak. From this work, we conclude that a model with more spatial structure than the dipole modulated or rotational-invariance breaking models are required to fully explain the observed large-scale anomalies in the WMAP data. C1 [Hou, Zhen] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Hou, Zhen; Banday, A. J.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Hou, Zhen] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Banday, A. J.] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Gorski, K. M.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gorski, K. M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gorski, K. M.] Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Groeneboom, N. E.; Eriksen, H. K.] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. [Eriksen, H. K.] Univ Oslo, Ctr Math Applicat, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Hou, Z (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. EM houzhen@pmo.ac.cn FU Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Doctoral Promotion Programme (MPG-CAS-DPP) FX ZH acknowledges the support by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Doctoral Promotion Programme (MPG-CAS-DPP). Most of the computations were performed at the Rechenzentrum Garching (RZG) of Max-Planck-Gesellschaft and the IPP. Some of the results in this paper have been derived using the healpix (Gorski et al. 2005) software and analysis package. We acknowledge use of the Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA) supported by the NASA Office of Space Science. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 401 IS 4 BP 2379 EP 2387 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15866.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 544VQ UT WOS:000273687800018 ER PT J AU Schady, P Page, MJ Oates, SR Still, M De Pasquale, M Dwelly, T Kuin, NPM Holland, ST Marshall, FE Roming, PWA AF Schady, P. Page, M. J. Oates, S. R. Still, M. De Pasquale, M. Dwelly, T. Kuin, N. P. M. Holland, S. T. Marshall, F. E. Roming, P. W. A. TI Dust and metal column densities in gamma-ray burst host galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE dust; extinction; galaxies: ISM; gamma-rays: bursts; gamma-rays: observations ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE CALIBRATION; TIME-DEPENDENT PHOTOIONIZATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; RAPTOR OBSERVATIONS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; EXTINCTION LAW; GRB AFTERGLOWS; STAR-FORMATION AB In this paper we present the results from the analysis of a sample of 28 gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow spectral energy distributions, spanning the X-ray through to near-infrared wavelengths. This is the largest sample of GRB afterglow spectral energy distributions thus far studied, providing a strong handle on the optical depth distribution of soft X-ray absorption and dust-extinction systems in GRB host galaxies. We detect an absorption system within the GRB host galaxy in 79 per cent of the sample, and an extinction system in 71 per cent of the sample, and find the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) extinction law to provide an acceptable fit to the host galaxy extinction profile for the majority of cases, consistent with previous findings. The range in the soft X-ray absorption to dust-extinction ratio, N(H,X)/A(V), in GRB host galaxies spans almost two orders of magnitude, and the typical ratios are significantly larger than those of the Magellanic Clouds or Milky Way. Although dust destruction could be a cause, at least in part, for the large N(H,X)/A(V) ratios, the good fit provided by the SMC extinction law for the majority of our sample suggests that there is an abundance of small dust grains in the GRB environment, which we would expect to have been destroyed if dust destruction were responsible for the large N(H,X)/A(V) ratios. Instead, our analysis suggests that the distribution of N(H,X)/A(V) in GRB host galaxies may be mostly intrinsic to these galaxies, and this is further substantiated by evidence for a strong negative correlation between N(H,X)/A(V) and metallicity for a subsample of GRB hosts with known metallicity. C1 [Schady, P.; Page, M. J.; Oates, S. R.; Still, M.; De Pasquale, M.; Kuin, N. P. M.] UCL Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Dwelly, T.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Holland, S. T.; Marshall, F. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Holland, S. T.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Holland, S. T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Roming, P. W. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Schady, P (reprint author), UCL Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM ps@mssl.ucl.ac.uk FU High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC); UK Swift Science Data Centre at the University of Leicester; Leicester Data base and Archive Service (LEDAS); NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Leicester University, UK FX We thank the anonymous referee for very helpful comments that have improved the quality of this paper, and we also gratefully acknowledge the contribution of all members of the Swift team. This research has made use of data obtained from the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), the UK Swift Science Data Centre at the University of Leicester and the Leicester Data base and Archive Service (LEDAS), provided by NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Leicester University, UK, respectively. NR 167 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 401 IS 4 BP 2773 EP 2792 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15861.x PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 544VQ UT WOS:000273687800052 ER PT J AU Pizzarello, S Weber, AL AF Pizzarello, Sandra Weber, Arthur L. TI Stereoselective Syntheses of Pentose Sugars Under Realistic Prebiotic Conditions SO ORIGINS OF LIFE AND EVOLUTION OF BIOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Asymmetric synthesis; Pentose sugars; Aldol condensation; Dipeptide; Catalyst ID AMINO-ACIDS; CATALYSTS AB Glycolaldehyde and DL-glyceraldehyde reacted in a water-buffered solution under mildly acidic conditions and in the presence of chiral dipeptide catalysts produced pentose sugars whose configuration is affected by the chirality of the catalyst. The chiral effect Was found to vary between catalysts and to be largest for di-valine. Lyxose, arabinose, ribose and xylose are formed in different amounts, whose relative proportions do not change significantly with the varying of conditions. With LL-peptide catalysts, ribose was the only pentose sugar to have a significant D-enantiomeric excess (ee) (<= 44%), lyxose displayed an L-ee of <= 66%, arabinose a smaller L-ee of <= 8%, and xylose was about racemic. These data expand our previous findings for tetrose sugars and further substantiate the suggestion that interactions between simple molecules of prebiotic relevance on the early Earth might have included the transfer of chiral asymmetry and advanced molecular evolution. C1 [Pizzarello, Sandra] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Weber, Arthur L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. RP Pizzarello, S (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM pizzar@asu.edu; arthur.l.weber@nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank Esther Varon for technical assistance in these studies and Ronald Breslow for reviewing the manuscript. This investigation was supported by grants from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration programs: Astrobiology and Exobiology (SP and AW), Cosmochemistry and Origins of the Solar System (SP). NR 9 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-6149 J9 ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B JI Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 40 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1007/s11084-009-9178-1 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 550QE UT WOS:000274142200002 PM 19899000 ER PT J AU Scerpella, TA Dowthwaite, JN Gero, NM Kanaley, JA Ploutz-Snyder, RJ AF Scerpella, Tamara A. Dowthwaite, Jodi N. Gero, Nicole M. Kanaley, Jill A. Ploutz-Snyder, Robert J. TI Skeletal Benefits of Pre-Menarcheal Gymnastics Are Retained After Activity Cessation SO PEDIATRIC EXERCISE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL ACQUISITION; ARTISTIC GYMNASTS; FEMALE GYMNASTS; PUBERTAL GIRLS; IMPACT; MASS; DENSITY; EXERCISE; PLAYERS; ADULTHOOD AB Mechanical loading during childhood and adolescence may yield skeletal benefits that persist beyond activity cessation and menarche. At 1 year pre- and 2 years post-menarche, nondominant forearm areal bone mineral density (aBMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and projected area (area) were compared in gymnasts (n = 9), ex-gymnasts (n = 8) and nongymnasts (n = 13). At both observations, gymnasts and ex-gymnasts had higher forearm aBMD, BMC and area than nongymnasts, gymnasts had higher postmenarcheal means than ex-gymnasts for all three parameters. Childhood mechanical loading yields skeletal advantages that persist at least 24 months after loading cessation and menarche. Continued postmenarcheal loading yields additional benefit. C1 [Scerpella, Tamara A.; Dowthwaite, Jodi N.; Gero, Nicole M.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Orthoped Surg, Syracuse, NY USA. [Kanaley, Jill A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Nutr & Exercise Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Ploutz-Snyder, Robert J.] Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Scerpella, TA (reprint author), SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Orthoped Surg, Syracuse, NY USA. FU NIH/NIAMS; Orthopedic Research and Education Foundation; SUNY Upstate Medical University FX Funding for the current study was provided by: NIH/NIAMS, the Orthopedic Research and Education Foundation and SUNY Upstate Medical University. This work was made possible through the efforts of many individuals who participated in subject measurement and data management over the years. The authors would particularly like to acknowledge the assistance of Christina Morganti, Moira Davenport, Susan Hemingway, Cathy Riley, Paula Rosenbaum and Kay Bruening. Of course, we are most grateful for the continued dedication of our subjects and their parents. The authors are subject to no conflicts of interest. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 0899-8493 J9 PEDIATR EXERC SCI JI Pediatr. Exerc. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 22 IS 1 BP 21 EP 33 PG 13 WC Pediatrics; Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Pediatrics; Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 618KX UT WOS:000279352900003 PM 20332537 ER PT J AU Dick, MJ Drouin, BJ Pearson, JC AF Dick, Michael J. Drouin, Brian J. Pearson, John C. TI Collisional cooling investigation of THz rotational transitions of water SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DENSE INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; PRESSURE-BROADENING PARAMETERS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; WAVE-ASTRONOMY-SATELLITE; VERY-LOW TEMPERATURE; LINE-OF-SIGHT; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; EXCITATION RATES; FREQUENCY REGION; VAPOR LINES AB An investigation of the pressure broadening by helium and hydrogen of six rotational transitions of water has been completed. The six transitions studied included two para water transitions (0(00)-1(11) and 1(11)-2(02)) and four ortho water transitions (1(01)-1(10), 2(21)-3(12), 3(03)-3(12) and 3(12)-3(21)) in the frequency region 0.55-1.17 THz. This survey was accomplished using the collisional cooling technique which allowed the broadening of each transition to be studied below the water condensation temperature. For each of the transitions studied, the temperature dependence of the pressure broadening by helium showed little dependence on temperature, while the broadening by hydrogen showed a sharp decrease at the lowest temperatures. This behavior was modeled, for each transition broadened by helium and hydrogen, with a power law, or a power law modified with a Boltzmann-like step function, and the results of these fits will be presented. In addition, an extensive investigation of the systematic error in the temperature of the water vapor in the collisional cooling experiment will be discussed. Finally, the impact of these new broadening measurements on models of star formation in the interstellar medium will be outlined. C1 [Dick, Michael J.; Drouin, Brian J.; Pearson, John C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Drouin, BJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM brian.j.drouin@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 AR 022706 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.022706 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 562RW UT WOS:000275072500094 ER PT J AU Anderson, JD Schubert, G AF Anderson, John D. Schubert, Gerald TI Rhea's gravitational field and interior structure inferred from archival data files of the 2005 Cassini flyby SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Article DE Celestial mechanics; Data reduction techniques; Orbit determination; Radio observations; Satellites composition; Saturn satellites ID GRAVITY-WAVE DETECTION; UPPER LIMITS; SPACECRAFT AB There are three published gravitational fields for Rhea, and they all differ significantly. All three published fields fit the data equally well, although not to the noise level. There are obvious trends in the Doppler residuals. However, by restricting the data in the fit to a shorter interval surrounding the closest approach to Rhea, an unbiased estimate for Rhea's quadrupole gravitational field is obtained. This paper also investigates the effects of thermal emission, which are shown to be quite important and may explain part of the discrepancy between this study and previous works. With this approach, and under the assumption that Rhea is in hydrostatic equilibrium (HE), our earlier conclusions about Rhea's internal structure are confirmed. Rhea is an undifferentiated satellite made up of about 25% rock-metal and 75% water ice by mass. The best-fit value of the quadrupole gravitational coefficient C-22 from the present analysis is (267.6 +/- 4.9) x 10(-6). Further, any assertions that Rhea is not in HE are not supported by the data, and only an additional highly inclined flyby to Rhea's equator could resolve this issue. Provided Rhea were not in HE, no useful constraint on Rhea's interior structure could be imposed. Non-HE contributions to the first-order deviations from sphericity considered here are not readily available. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson, John D.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Schubert, Gerald] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Schubert, Gerald] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jdandy@earthlink.net FU NASA FX We thank S.W. Asmar and D.U. Fleischman of JPL's Radio Science Systems Group for providing us with text versions of data files archived in NASA's PDS Atmospheres Node as cors_0132 (Cassini RSS Raw Data Set-RHGR1). G.S. acknowledges support by grants from NASA through the Planetary Geology and Geophysics and the Planetary Atmospheres programs. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-9201 J9 PHYS EARTH PLANET IN JI Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 178 IS 3-4 BP 176 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.pepi.2009.09.003 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 561IP UT WOS:000274969700005 ER PT J AU Sittler, EC Hartle, RE Johnson, RE Cooper, JF Lipatov, AS Bertucci, C Coates, AJ Szego, K Shappirio, M Simpson, DG Wahlund, JE AF Sittler, E. C., Jr. Hartle, R. E. Johnson, R. E. Cooper, J. F. Lipatov, A. S. Bertucci, C. Coates, A. J. Szego, K. Shappirio, M. Simpson, D. G. Wahlund, J. -E. TI Saturn's magnetospheric interaction with Titan as defined by Cassini encounters T9 and T18: New results SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Titan; Saturn's magnetosphere; Magnetodisc; Plasma; Magnetic fields; Ion composition ID PLASMA SPECTROMETER; ELECTRON-IMPACT; IONOSPHERE; IONIZATION; VOYAGER-1; EXOSPHERE; FIELD; MODEL AB We present new results of Cassini's T9 flyby with complementary observations from T18. Based on Cassini plasma spectrometer (CAPS) and Cassini magnetometer (MAG), compositional evidence shows the upstream flow for both T9 and T18 appears composed of light ions (H+ and H-2(+)), with external pressures similar to 30 times lower than that for the earlier TA flyby where heavy ions dominated the magnetospheric plasma. When describing the plasma heating and sputtering of Titan's atmosphere, T9 and T18 can be considered interactions of low magnetospheric energy input. On the other hand, T5. when heavy ion fluxes are observed to be higher than typical (i.e., TA), represents the limiting case of high magnetospheric energy input to Titan's upper atmosphere. Anisotropy estimates of the upstream flow are 1 < T-perpendicular to/T-parallel to < 3 and the flow is perpendicular to B, indicative of local picked up ions from Titan's H and H-2 coronae extending to Titan's Hill sphere radius. Beyond this distance the corona forms a neutral torus that surrounds Saturn. The T9 flyby unexpectedly resulted in observation of two "wake" crossings referred to as Events 1 and 2. Event 2 was evidently caused by draped magnetosphere field lines, which are scavenging pickup ions from Titan's induced magnetopause boundary with outward flux similar to 2 x 10(6) ions/cm(2)/s. The composition of this out flow is dominated by H-2(+) and H+ ions. Ionospheric flow away from Titan with ion flux similar to 7 x 10(6) ion/cm(2)/s is observed for Event 1. In between Events 1 and 2 are high energy field aligned flows of magnetosphere protons that may have been accelerated by the convective electric field across Titan's topside ionosphere. T18 observations are much closer to Titan than T9, allowing one to probe this type of interaction down to altitudes similar to 950 km. Comparisons with previously reported hybrid simulations are made. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sittler, E. C., Jr.; Hartle, R. E.; Cooper, J. F.; Lipatov, A. S.; Shappirio, M.; Simpson, D. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Johnson, R. E.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Lipatov, A. S.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Bertucci, C.] Inst Astron & Space Phys, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Coates, A. J.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Szego, K.] KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. [Wahlund, J. -E.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, Upsalla, Sweden. RP Sittler, EC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM edward.c.sittler@nasa.gov RI Cooper, John/D-4709-2012; Coates, Andrew/C-2396-2008; OI Coates, Andrew/0000-0002-6185-3125; Bertucci, Cesar/0000-0002-2540-5384 FU NASA [1243218]; ADNET Systems Incorporate; TRAX Corporation FX This work was supported at NASA Goddard Space Flight center in part by the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) Project through NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory contract 1243218 with the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, Texas. Additional support was provided at Goddard by the NASA Cassini Data Analysis Program (CDAP). We would also like to acknowledge the data analysis support by S. Bakshi from ADNET Systems Incorporate and R. Kilgore for graphic arts support from TRAX Corporation. NR 53 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 327 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2009.09.017 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 562HO UT WOS:000275041000001 ER PT J AU Gilliland, RL Brown, TM Christensen-Dalsgaard, J Kjeldsen, H Aerts, C Appourchaux, T Basu, S Bedding, TR Chaplin, WJ Cunha, MS De Cat, P De Ridder, J Guzik, JA Handler, G Kawaler, S Kiss, L Kolenberg, K Kurtz, DW Metcalfe, TS Monteiro, MJPFG Szabo, R Arentoft, T Balona, L Debosscher, J Elsworth, YP Quirion, PO Stello, D Suarez, JC Borucki, WJ Jenkins, JM Koch, D Kondo, Y Latham, DW Rowe, JF Steffen, JH AF Gilliland, Ronald L. Brown, Timothy M. Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen Kjeldsen, Hans Aerts, Conny Appourchaux, Thierry Basu, Sarbani Bedding, Timothy R. Chaplin, William J. Cunha, Margarida S. De Cat, Peter De Ridder, Joris Guzik, Joyce A. Handler, Gerald Kawaler, Steven Kiss, Laszlo Kolenberg, Katrien Kurtz, Donald W. Metcalfe, Travis S. Monteiro, Mario J. P. F. G. Szabo, Robert Arentoft, Torben Balona, Luis Debosscher, Jonas Elsworth, Yvonne P. Quirion, Pierre-Olivier Stello, Dennis Carlos Suarez, Juan Borucki, William J. Jenkins, Jon M. Koch, David Kondo, Yoji Latham, David W. Rowe, Jason F. Steffen, Jason H. TI Kepler Asteroseismology Program: Introduction and First Results SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Review ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; WHITE-DWARF STARS; SUBDWARF-B STARS; ORDER G-MODES; NONRADIAL OSCILLATIONS; RED GIANTS; HYBRID PULSATORS; THETA-OPHIUCHI; VARIABLE-STARS AB Asteroseismology involves probing the interiors of stars and quantifying their global properties, such as radius and age, through observations of normal modes of oscillation. The technical requirements for conducting asteroseismology include ultrahigh precision measured in photometry in parts per million, as well as nearly continuous time series over weeks to years, and cadences rapid enough to sample oscillations with periods as short as a few minutes. We report on results from the first 43 days of observations, in which the unique capabilities of Kepler in providing a revolutionary advance in asteroseismology are already well in evidence. The Kepler asteroseismology program holds intrinsic importance in supporting the core planetary search program through greatly enhanced knowledge of host star properties, and extends well beyond this to rich applications in stellar astrophysics. C1 [Gilliland, Ronald L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Brown, Timothy M.] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen; Kjeldsen, Hans; Arentoft, Torben; Quirion, Pierre-Olivier] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Aerts, Conny; De Ridder, Joris; Debosscher, Jonas] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Appourchaux, Thierry] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Basu, Sarbani] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Bedding, Timothy R.; Kiss, Laszlo; Stello, Dennis] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Chaplin, William J.; Elsworth, Yvonne P.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Cunha, Margarida S.; Monteiro, Mario J. P. F. G.] Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. [De Cat, Peter] Observ Royal Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Guzik, Joyce A.] LANL, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Handler, Gerald; Kolenberg, Katrien] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Kawaler, Steven] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kiss, Laszlo; Szabo, Robert] Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. [Kurtz, Donald W.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. [Metcalfe, Travis S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Metcalfe, Travis S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, SCD, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Balona, Luis] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. [Quirion, Pierre-Olivier] CSA, St Hubert, PQ J3Y 8Y9, Canada. [Carlos Suarez, Juan] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Jenkins, Jon M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kondo, Yoji] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Latham, David W.] Harvard Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Steffen, Jason H.] Fermilab Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gilliland, RL (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM gillil@stsci.edu RI Steffen, Jason/A-4320-2013; Monteiro, Mario J.P.F.G./B-4715-2008; Basu, Sarbani/B-8015-2014; Suarez, Juan Carlos/C-1015-2009; OI Monteiro, Mario J.P.F.G./0000-0003-0513-8116; Basu, Sarbani/0000-0002-6163-3472; Suarez, Juan Carlos/0000-0003-3649-8384; Bedding, Timothy/0000-0001-5943-1460; Cunha, Margarida/0000-0001-8237-7343; Bedding, Tim/0000-0001-5222-4661; Kawaler, Steven/0000-0002-6536-6367 FU NASA; European Research Council [227224]; Research Council of K. U. Leuven [GOA/2008/04]; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office-BELSPO FX Kepler is the tenth Discovery mission. Funding for this mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. C. A., J. D. R., and J. D. received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement No. 227224 (PROSPERITY), as well as from the Research Council of K. U. Leuven (GOA/2008/04), and from the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office-BELSPO. We are grateful to the legions of highly skilled individuals at many private businesses, universities, and research centers through whose efforts the marvelous data being returned by Kepler have been made possible. NR 85 TC 245 Z9 245 U1 3 U2 14 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 122 IS 888 BP 131 EP 143 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 553US UT WOS:000274392900001 ER PT J AU Beichman, CA Krist, J Trauger, JT Greene, T Oppenheimer, B Sivaramakrishnan, A Doyon, R Boccaletti, A Barman, TS Rieke, M AF Beichman, Charles A. Krist, John Trauger, John T. Greene, Tom Oppenheimer, Ben Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Doyon, Rene Boccaletti, Anthony Barman, Travis S. Rieke, Marcia TI Imaging Young Giant Planets From Ground and Space SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID 4-QUADRANT PHASE MASK; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; DEBRIS DISKS; SIM-PLANETQUEST; LARGE TELESCOPE; BROWN DWARFS; 100 AU; STARS; DETECTABILITY AB High-contrast imaging can find and characterize gas giant planets around nearby young stars and the closest M stars, complementing radial velocity and astrometric searches by exploring orbital separations inaccessible to indirect methods. Ground-based coronagraphs are already probing within 25 AU of nearby young stars to find objects as small as similar to 3 M(Jup). This paper contrasts near-term and future ground-based capabilities with high-contrast imaging modes of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Monte Carlo modeling reveals that JWST can detect planets with masses as small as 0.2 M(Jup) across a broad range of orbital separations. We present new calculations for planet brightness as a function of mass and age for specific JWST filters and extending to 0.1 M(Jup). C1 [Beichman, Charles A.; Krist, John; Trauger, John T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Greene, Tom] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Oppenheimer, Ben; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Doyon, Rene] Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Boccaletti, Anthony] Univ Paris 06, Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Barman, Travis S.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Rieke, Marcia] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Beichman, CA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation [AST-0804417] FX This work used archive information drawn from the NSTeD, 2MASS, and SIMBAD archives. Some of the research described in this publication was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The work of A. Sivaramakrishnan is supported in part by the National Science Foundation grant AST-0804417. We gratefully acknowledge I. Baraffe in extending the CONDO3 models to lower masses. C. A. B. is extremely grateful to Ben Oppenheimer, Dave Latham, and Dimitar Sasselov for their hospitality during sabbatical sojourns at the American Museum of Natural History and the Center for Astrophysics. We thank Peter Lawson for providing Figure 1 and Dr. Sally Dodson-Robinson for useful discussions. Finally, we acknowledge the extensive efforts of an anonymous referee whose careful reading and numerous suggestions greatly improved the content and presentation of this article. NR 98 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 122 IS 888 BP 162 EP 200 PG 39 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 553US UT WOS:000274392900005 ER PT J AU Slaba, TC Blattnig, SR Aghara, SK Townsend, LW Handler, T Gabriel, TA Pinsky, LS Reddell, B AF Slaba, T. C. Blattnig, S. R. Aghara, S. K. Townsend, L. W. Handler, T. Gabriel, T. A. Pinsky, L. S. Reddell, B. TI Coupled neutron transport for HZETRN SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article DE Neutron transport; Radiation constraints; Space radiation; Dose; Space radiation transport; HZETRN ID SPACE AB Exposure estimates inside space vehicles, surface habitats, and high altitude aircrafts exposed to space radiation are highly influenced by secondary neutron production. The deterministic transport code HZETRN has been identified as a reliable and efficient tool for such studies, but improvements to the underlying transport models and numerical methods are still necessary. In this paper, the forward-backward (FB) and directionally coupled forward-backward (DC) neutron transport models are derived, numerical methods for the FB model are reviewed, and a computationally efficient numerical solution is presented for the DC model. Both models are compared to the Monte Carlo codes HETC-HEDS, FLUKA, and MCNPX, and the DC model is shown to agree closely with the Monte Carlo results. Finally, it is found in the development of either model that the decoupling of low energy neutrons from the light ion transport procedure adversely affects low energy light ion fluence spectra and exposure quantities. A first order correction is presented to resolve the problem, and it is shown to be both accurate and efficient. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Slaba, T. C.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23505 USA. [Blattnig, S. R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Aghara, S. K.] Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. [Townsend, L. W.; Handler, T.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Gabriel, T. A.] Sci Invest & Dev, Knoxville, TN 37922 USA. [Pinsky, L. S.; Reddell, B.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Slaba, TC (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23505 USA. EM Tony.C.Slaba@nasa.gov FU NASA [NNLO6AA14A] FX This research was sponsored by NASA Research Grant NNLO6AA14A. We would like to thank John W. Wilson for his contributions and guidance in this work. NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 45 IS 2 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.01.005 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 588YF UT WOS:000277109900006 ER PT J AU Bissell, M Schimmerling, W Kronenberg, A Blakely, EA AF Bissell, Mina Schimmerling, Walter Kronenberg, Amy Blakely, Eleanor A. TI Aloke Chatterjee (1940-2009) IN MEMORIAM SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Bissell, Mina; Kronenberg, Amy; Blakely, Eleanor A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Schimmerling, Walter] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Bissell, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 173 IS 2 BP 259 EP 260 DI 10.1667/RRXX14.1 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 552EH UT WOS:000274270200019 ER PT J AU Olsen, D Dou, CY Zhang, XD Hu, LB Kim, H Hildum, E AF Olsen, Doug Dou, Changyong Zhang, Xiaodong Hu, Lianbo Kim, Hojin Hildum, Edward TI Radiometric Calibration for AgCam SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE radiometric calibration; CCD quantum efficiency; vignetting; least squares fit; remote sensing AB The student-built Agricultural Camera (AgCam) now onboard the International Space Station observes the Earth surface through two linescan cameras with Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) arrays sensitive to visible and near-infrared wavelengths, respectively. The electro-optical components of the AgCam were characterized using precision calibration equipment; a method for modeling and applying these measurements was derived. Correction coefficients to minimize effects of optical vignetting, CCD non-uniform quantum efficiency, and CCD dark current are separately determined using a least squares fit approach. Application of correction coefficients yields significant variability reduction in flat-field images; comparable results are obtained when applied to ground test images. C1 [Olsen, Doug; Zhang, Xiaodong; Kim, Hojin] Univ N Dakota, No Great Plains Ctr People & Environm, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Dou, Changyong] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Hu, Lianbo] Ocean Univ China, Ocean Remote Sensing Inst, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Hildum, Edward] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Airborne Sci & Technol Lab, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Olsen, D (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, No Great Plains Ctr People & Environm, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM olsen@aero.und.edu; cydou@ceode.ac.cn; zhang@aero.und.edu; lianbo.hu@gmail.com; hkim@aero.und.edu; edward.a.hildum@nasa.gov FU NASA [NNX06AE16G] FX This study was funded under NASA grant NNX06AE16G. We would like to acknowledge the extensive contributions of the students and faculty of the University of North Dakota who contributed to the design and development of AgCam, in particular the School of Engineering and Mines and our colleagues in the Northern Great Plains Center for People and the Environment. We also would like to thank the Airborne Remote Sensing Laboratory at NASA Ames Research Center for the use of their calibration facility and the expertise of their personnel. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 2 IS 2 BP 464 EP 477 DI 10.3390/rs2020464 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HJ UT WOS:000208401200005 ER PT J AU Davis, AB Marshak, A AF Davis, Anthony B. Marshak, Alexander TI Solar radiation transport in the cloudy atmosphere: a 3D perspective on observations and climate impacts SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID OPTICAL DEPTH RETRIEVALS; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; OXYGEN A-BAND; INDEPENDENT PIXEL APPROXIMATION; DENSITY-FUNCTION DERIVATION; SPHERICAL HARMONICS MODEL; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING LIDAR; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; NEURAL-NETWORK RETRIEVAL; DISCRETE-ORDINATE-METHOD AB The interplay of sunlight with clouds is a ubiquitous and often pleasant visual experience, but it conjures up major challenges for weather, climate, environmental science and beyond. Those engaged in the characterization of clouds (and the clear air nearby) by remote sensing methods are even more confronted. The problem comes, on the one hand, from the spatial complexity of real clouds and, on the other hand, from the dominance of multiple scattering in the radiation transport. The former ingredient contrasts sharply with the still popular representation of clouds as homogeneous plane-parallel slabs for the purposes of radiative transfer computations. In typical cloud scenes the opposite asymptotic transport regimes of diffusion and ballistic propagation coexist. We survey the three-dimensional (3D) atmospheric radiative transfer literature over the past 50 years and identify three concurrent and intertwining thrusts: first, how to assess the damage (bias) caused by 3D effects in the operational 1D radiative transfer models? Second, how to mitigate this damage? Finally, can we exploit 3D radiative transfer phenomena to innovate observation methods and technologies? We quickly realize that the smallest scale resolved computationally or observationally may be artificial but is nonetheless a key quantity that separates the 3D radiative transfer solutions into two broad and complementary classes: stochastic and deterministic. Both approaches draw on classic and contemporary statistical, mathematical and computational physics. C1 [Davis, Anthony B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Marshak, Alexander] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Davis, AB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Anthony.B.Davis@jpl.nasa.gov; Alexander.Marshak@nasa.gov RI Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012 FU US Department of Energy; NASA's; Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) Programs; JPL/CalTech FX The author's research described in this paper was supported largely by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. The authors also acknowledge sustained financial support from NASA's Radiation Sciences Program and from the Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) Programs at the DOE's Los Alamos National Laboratory. Most of the writing and publication of this paper was supported by JPL/CalTech, under contract with NASA. The authors thank Howard Barker, Luc Bissonnette, Hartmut Bosch, Bob Cahalan, Brian Cairns, Christine Chiu, Jim Coakley, Dave Crisp, Roger Davies, Ed Eloranta, Frank Evans, Nicolas Ferlay, Pierre Flamant, Philip Gabriel, Mike Garay, Barry Ganapol, Larry di Girolamo, Mike Hall, Lee Harrison, Robin Hogan, Yongxiang Hu, Yuri Knyazikhin, Alexander Kokhanovsky, Alexander Kostinski, Ed Larsen, Paul Lawson, Norman Loeb, Steve Love, Bernhart Mayer, Charles Miller, Qilong Min, Michael Mishchenko, Jim Morel, Dennis O'Brien, Lazaros Oreopoulos, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Igor Polonsky, Christian von Savigny, Jim Spinhirne, Graeme Stephens, Tamas Varnai, Mark Vaughan, Jim Weinman, Guoyong Wen, Dave Winker, Warren Wiscombe, Ping Yang, Yuekui Yang, Eleonora Zege and Tobias Zinner for many fruitful discussions. NR 290 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0034-4885 EI 1361-6633 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 73 IS 2 AR 026801 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/73/2/026801 PG 70 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 546JN UT WOS:000273807200003 ER PT J AU Stohlgren, TJ Ma, P Kumar, S Rocca, M Morisette, JT Jarnevich, CS Benson, N AF Stohlgren, Thomas J. Ma, Peter Kumar, Sunil Rocca, Monique Morisette, Jeffrey T. Jarnevich, Catherine S. Benson, Nate TI Ensemble Habitat Mapping of Invasive Plant Species SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Boosted regression trees; invasive species; Maxent; multivariate adaptive regression splines; random forest; species distribution modeling ID DISTRIBUTION MODELS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; RANDOM FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ABSENCE DATA; DISTRIBUTIONS; PREDICTION; RISK; CONSERVATION; PERFORMANCE AB Ensemble species distribution models combine the strengths of several species environmental matching models, while minimizing the weakness of any one model. Ensemble models may be particularly useful in risk analysis of recently arrived, harmful invasive species because species may not yet have spread to all suitable habitats, leaving species-environment relationships difficult to determine. We tested five individual models (logistic regression, boosted regression trees, random forest, multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and maximum entropy model or Maxent) and ensemble modeling for selected nonnative plant species in Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks, Wyoming; Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California, and areas of interior Alaska. The models are based on field data provided by the park staffs, combined with topographic, climatic, and vegetation predictors derived from satellite data. For the four invasive plant species tested, ensemble models were the only models that ranked in the top three models for both field validation and test data. Ensemble models may be more robust than individual species-environment matching models for risk analysis. C1 [Stohlgren, Thomas J.; Morisette, Jeffrey T.; Jarnevich, Catherine S.] Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Ma, Peter] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr Sigma Space, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kumar, Sunil] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rocca, Monique] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Benson, Nate] Natl Pk Serv, Natl Interagency Fire Ctr, Boise, ID USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM tom_stohlgren@usgs.gov RI Rocca, Monique/N-4528-2013; Kumar, Sunil/A-6730-2009 OI Rocca, Monique/0000-0002-5298-1643; FU NASA Decision Support through Earth Science Results [NN-H-04-Z-YO-010] FX We wish to thank and fully credit the National Park Service collaborators from Yellowstone: Craig McClure, Ann Rodman, and Eric Miller. Sequoia and Kings Canyon: Athena Demetry, Tony Caprio, and Pat Lineback. Alaska: Jeff Heyes, Jennifer Allen, and Brian Sorbel. Grand Teton: Kelly McCloskey and Diane Abendroth. We would also like to credit the professionals, volunteers, plant ecologists, fire ecologists, biological science technicians, GIS specialists, and the many seasonal field technicians for their contributions of expertise, time, effort, and data. More specifically, thanks to Christi Sorrell, Mike Stefancic, Roy Renkin, Gil Crain, Steve Miller, Bob Crabtree, Josh Harmsen, Dan Tyers, Susan Klein, Carolyn Richard, Carrie Guiles, Gary Muerle, Richard Thiel, Erik Frenzel, Karen Webster, Thomas McGinnis, Sylvia Haultain, Karen Folger, Jody Lyle, Thomas Liebscher, Trisha Wurtz, Katie Villano, Matt Macander, Blaine Spellman, Michele Young, Eric "Doc" Janssen, Klara Varga, and the Greater Yellowstone Coordinating Committee. Logistical support was provided by the USGS Fort Collins Science Center and the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. Funding was provided by NASA Decision Support through Earth Science Results, Grant NN-H-04-Z-YO-010 (Woody Turner, program manager). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 53 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2 BP 224 EP 235 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01343.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 553TN UT WOS:000274389800006 PM 20136746 ER PT J AU Morrow, JH Booth, CR Hooker, SB AF Morrow, John H. Booth, C. R. Hooker, Stanford B. TI Advanced Instrumentation For Optically Complex Waters SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Morrow, John H.; Booth, C. R.] Biospher Inc, San Diego, CA USA. [Hooker, Stanford B.] NASA, Calibrat & Validat Off, Halethorpe, MD USA. RP Morrow, JH (reprint author), Biospher Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RI Hooker, Stanford/E-2162-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 51 IS 2 BP 25 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 563OR UT WOS:000275142700004 ER PT J AU Kar, A Stroscio, MA Dutta, M Kumari, J Meyyappan, M AF Kar, Ayan Stroscio, Michael A. Dutta, Mitra Kumari, Jyoti Meyyappan, M. TI Growth and properties of tin oxide nanowires and the effect of annealing conditions SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; TEMPERATURE; SENSORS; ARRAY AB Luminescence data obtained in the visible region from the SnO(2) nanowires are used to determine the defect levels within the bandgap responsible for the strong orange emission, and a shift in the orange luminescence is seen at low temperatures. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) in the UV region shows the merging of the various emission lines at low temperature into a single broad UV peak with increasing temperatures. Investigations of PL and transmission electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (TEM-XEDS) from wires of different diameters show that the luminescence in the gap originates from surface states and thinner wires have more oxygen vacancies compared to thicker ones. Nanowires post rapid thermal annealing in two different ambients viz. oxygen and nitrogen are compared, using Raman, photoluminescence (PL) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as characterization tools. Our data demonstrate that annealing in oxygen improves the crystalline quality of the nanowires due to the decrease in the oxygen vacancies. C1 [Kar, Ayan; Stroscio, Michael A.; Dutta, Mitra] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Stroscio, Michael A.; Dutta, Mitra] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Stroscio, Michael A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Kumari, Jyoti; Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Dutta, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM dutta@ece.uic.edu NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 2 SI SI AR 024012 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/25/2/024012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 546YU UT WOS:000273852300013 ER PT J AU Sun, WY Chern, JD AF Sun, Wen-Yih Chern, Jiun-Dar TI One-Dimensional Sea Ice-Ocean Model Applied to SHEBA Experiment in 1997-1998 Winter SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE SHEBA; Model; Energy budget ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; HEAT-FLUX; SNOW; VALIDATION; RADIATION; CLIMATE; ZONE AB A one-dimensional sea ice-ocean model with its application in the Arctic Ocean is presented. The model includes a mixed-layer ocean model, a multi-layer snow/ice model, and the interfaces among atmosphere, snow/sea ice, and sea water. The observational data from the measurements at the ice station of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) field experiment between November 1997 and January 1998 were used to drive and validate the model. The energy budget of the stand-alone simulations shows that the longwave radiative cooling is mainly balanced by the heat released of freezing at the bottom of the sea-ice. The results also show that the effect of ventilation and blowing snow are required to reproduce the detailed observed surface temperature, thickness of the sea ice, sensible heat flux and upward longwave radiation. C1 [Sun, Wen-Yih] Taiwan Typhoon & Flood Res Inst, Taichung 40763, Taiwan. [Sun, Wen-Yih] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Sun, Wen-Yih] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Chern, Jiun-Dar] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chern, Jiun-Dar] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Sun, WY (reprint author), Taiwan Typhoon & Flood Res Inst, Taichung 40763, Taiwan. EM wysun@purdue.edu FU NSF; Taiwan High Performance Computing Center; National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research FX We would like to thank M. Lynch-Stieglitz, S. G. Warner, and M. G. Bosilovich for their helpful discussions and R. Y. Sun for proofreading. Part of this research was supported by NSF and Taiwan High Performance Computing Center. We also thank Drs. Andreas, Fairall, Guest, and Perason for providing meteorological data of SHEBA; Dr. Moritz for precipitation data; Drs. McPhee, Stanton, Martinson and Morison for ocean data; Drs. Perovich, Greenfell, Light, Richter-Menge, Sturm, Tucker, Eicken, Maykut, and Elder for snow and ice data. SHEBA has been sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 21 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.3319/TAO.2009.03.20.01(IWNOP) PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 575MS UT WOS:000276071800002 ER PT J AU Jones, R Forth, SC AF Jones, R. Forth, S. C. TI Cracking in D6ac steel SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Crack closure; Fatigue crack growth; Similitude; Frost-Dugdale; D6ac steel ID FATIGUE CRACKS; GROWTH AB This paper examines the results of an extensive test program undertaken to study crack growth in D6ac steel and shows that in each case the increment in the crack length per cycle (da/dN) conforms to the Generalised Frost-Dugdale crack growth law. This is found to be true for both constant K(max), constant R ratio load increasing, and compression compression pre-cracking tests in the L-T, T-L and the S-T directions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jones, R.] Monash Univ, DSTO Ctr Expertise Struct Mech, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Jones, R.] Monash Univ, CRC Railway Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Forth, S. C.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Jones, R (reprint author), Monash Univ, DSTO Ctr Expertise Struct Mech, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, POB 31, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM Rhys.Jones@eng.monash.edu.au OI jones, rhys/0000-0003-3197-2796 FU Australian Defence Science and Technology (DSTO); NASA Johnson Space Centre; NASA Marshall Spaceflight Centre FX This work was performed as part of a collaborative research program between the Australian Defence Science and Technology (DSTO) Centre of Expertise in Structural Mechanics, the NASA Johnson Space Centre, and the NASA Marshall Spaceflight Centre. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8442 J9 THEOR APPL FRACT MEC JI Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.tafmec.2009.12.005 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 580QK UT WOS:000276464100005 ER PT J AU Nickels, K DiCicco, M Bajracharya, M Backes, P AF Nickels, Kevin DiCicco, Matthew Bajracharya, Max Backes, Paul TI Vision guided manipulation for planetary robotics - position control SO ROBOTICS AND AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Vision guided manipulation; Stereo imaging; Planetary robotics; Comparison study ID MARS EXPLORATION ROVER; CAMERA AB Manipulation systems for planetary exploration operate under severe restrictions. They need to integrate vision and manipulation to achieve the reliability, safety, and predictability required of expensive systems operating on remote planets. They also must operate on very modest hardware that is shared with many other systems, and must operate without human intervention. Typically such systems employ calibrated stereo cameras and calibrated manipulators to achieve precision of the order of one centimeter with respect to instrument placement activities. This paper presents three complementary approaches to vision guided manipulation designed to robustly achieve high precision in manipulation. These approaches are described and compared, both in simulation and on hardware. In situ estimation and adaptation of the manipulator and/or camera models in these methods account for changes in the system configuration, thus ensuring consistent precision for the life of the mission. All the three methods provide several-fold increases in accuracy of manipulator positioning over the standard flight approach. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nickels, Kevin] Trinity Univ, Dept Engn Sci, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. [DiCicco, Matthew; Bajracharya, Max; Backes, Paul] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nickels, K (reprint author), Trinity Univ, Dept Engn Sci, 1 Trinity Pl, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. EM Kevin.Nickels@trinity.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The work involves important contributions from many colleagues at both JPL and collaborating institutions. The authors gratefully acknowledge these interactions and note many of the specific developments in the references that follow.; Some of the background on planetary manipulation also appears in [10].; This work was carried out while Dr. Nickels was on an academic leave from Trinity University. Trinity's contribution to his stay at JPL during the 2005-2006 academic year is gratefully acknowledged. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8890 EI 1872-793X J9 ROBOT AUTON SYST JI Robot. Auton. Syst. PD JAN 31 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 1 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.robot.2009.07.029 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA 535KX UT WOS:000272968200011 ER PT J AU Massie, ST Gille, J Craig, C Khosravi, R Barnett, J Read, W Winker, D AF Massie, Steven T. Gille, John Craig, Cheryl Khosravi, Rashid Barnett, John Read, William Winker, David TI HIRDLS and CALIPSO observations of tropical cirrus SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENT II OBSERVATIONS; GROUND-BASED LIDAR; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; TROPOPAUSE; CLOUDS; LAYER; LITE AB High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) measurements of cirrus frequency of occurrence in the upper tropical troposphere are quantified for September 2006 to August 2007. Monthly geospatial averages of cloud frequency of occurrence between 90 and 177 hPa are similar and correlate well with Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) relative humidity with respect to ice (RHI) data, though clouds are present at individual RHI values less than 100%, due to the 5, 1, and sub-1 km vertical resolutions of the MLS, HIRDLS, and CALIPSO experiments. Seasonal variations in cloud frequency of occurrence are similar, with largest frequencies during winter (December-February). Though the CALIPSO and HIRDLS experiments employ nadir-and limb-viewing observational geometries, respectively, CALIPSO horizontal scales of cirrus are frequently larger than 100 km, and therefore similarities are present in the geospatial distributions of cloud occurrence. Isolated laminar cirrus is most prevalent away from the equator. The monthly patterns of HIRDLS and CALIPSO cloud occurrence are archived for useful comparisons to climate models. C1 [Massie, Steven T.; Gille, John; Craig, Cheryl; Khosravi, Rashid] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Gille, John] Univ Colorado, Ctr Limb Atmospher Sounding, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barnett, John] Univ Oxford, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Read, William] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Winker, David] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Massie, ST (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM massie@ucar.edu; gille@ucar.edu; cacraig@ucar.edu; Rashid@ucar.edu; j.barnett1@physics.ox.ac.uk; bill@mls.jpl.nasa.gov; dmwinker@gmail.com FU NASA [NNX08AN76G]; NASA HIRDLS; National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research is supported by NASA grant NNX08AN76G and the NASA HIRDLS project at NCAR. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. MLS data were produced at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at California Institute of Technology under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Appreciation is expressed to Eric Jensen, Charles Bardeen, and Debbie Mao for helpful reviews of the paper. This paper is dedicated to the memory of John L. Mergenthaler. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 30 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00H11 DI 10.1029/2009JD012100 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 550KT UT WOS:000274127400002 ER PT J AU Catania, GA Neumann, TA AF Catania, G. A. Neumann, T. A. TI Persistent englacial drainage features in the Greenland Ice Sheet SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WEST GREENLAND; EVOLUTION; FLOW; GLACIERS; LAKES; TEMPERATURE; PROPAGATION; CONDUITS; FRACTURE; BEDROCK AB Surface melting on the Greenland Ice Sheet is common up to similar to 1400 m elevation and, in extreme melt years, even higher. Water produced on the ice sheet surface collects in lakes and drains over the ice sheet surface via supraglacial streams and through the ice sheet via moulins. Water delivered to the base of the ice sheet can cause uplift and enhanced sliding locally. Here we use ice-penetrating radar data to observe the effects of significant basal melting coincident with moulins and calculate how much basal melt occurred. We find that more melting has occurred than can be explained by the release of potential energy from the drainage of surface meltwater during one melt season suggesting that these moulins are persistent for multiple years. We find only a few persistent moulins in our study area that drain the equivalent of multiple lakes per year and likely remain active over several years. Our observations indicate that once established, these persistent moulins might be capable of establishing well-connected meltwater drainage pathways. Citation: Catania, G. A., and T. A. Neumann (2010), Persistent englacial drainage features in the Greenland Ice Sheet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L02501, doi:10.1029/2009GL041108. C1 [Catania, G. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Catania, G. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Neumann, T. A.] NASA, Cryospher Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Catania, GA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, 10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78759 USA. EM gcatania@ig.utexas.edu RI Catania, Ginny/B-9787-2008; Neumann, Thomas/D-5264-2012 FU NASA [NNG06GA83G] FX We thank VECO, J. Greenbaum and J. Rumrill for assistance in the field. S. Price, B. Bindschadler, two anonymous reviewers, and our editor provided comments that substantially improved the manuscript. This work was supported by NASA (grant NNG06GA83G). NR 28 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L02501 DI 10.1029/2009GL041108 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 550KI UT WOS:000274126300002 ER PT J AU Slavin, JA Lepping, RP Wu, CC Anderson, BJ Baker, DN Benna, M Boardsen, SA Killen, RM Korth, H Krimigis, SM McClintock, WE McNutt, RL Sarantos, M Schriver, D Solomon, SC Travnicek, P Zurbuchen, TH AF Slavin, James A. Lepping, Ronald P. Wu, Chin-Chun Anderson, Brian J. Baker, Daniel N. Benna, Mehdi Boardsen, Scott A. Killen, Rosemary M. Korth, Haje Krimigis, Stamatios M. McClintock, William E. McNutt, Ralph L., Jr. Sarantos, Menelaos Schriver, David Solomon, Sean C. Travnicek, Pavel Zurbuchen, Thomas H. TI MESSENGER observations of large flux transfer events at Mercury SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CLOUDS; 1ST FLYBY; MAGNETOPAUSE; MAGNETOSPHERE; RECONNECTION; FIELD; MODEL AB Six flux transfer events (FTEs) were encountered during MESSENGER's first two flybys of Mercury (M1 and M2). For M1 the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was predominantly northward and four FTEs with durations of 1 to 6 s were observed in the magnetosheath following southward IMF turnings. The IMF was steadily southward during M2, and an FTE 4 s in duration was observed just inside the dawn magnetopause followed similar to 32 s later by a 7-s FTE in the magnetosheath. Flux rope models were fit to the magnetic field data to determine FTE dimensions and flux content. The largest FTE observed by MESSENGER had a diameter of similar to 1 R(M) (where R(M) is Mercury's radius), and its open magnetic field increased the fraction of the surface exposed to the solar wind by 10-20 percent and contributed up to similar to 30 kV to the cross-magnetospheric electric potential. Citation: Slavin, J. A., et al. (2010), MESSENGER observations of large flux transfer events at Mercury, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L02105, doi:10.1029/2009GL041485. C1 [Slavin, James A.; Lepping, Ronald P.; Boardsen, Scott A.; Sarantos, Menelaos] NASA, Heliophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wu, Chin-Chun] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Anderson, Brian J.; Korth, Haje; Krimigis, Stamatios M.; McNutt, Ralph L., Jr.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Baker, Daniel N.; McClintock, William E.] Acad Athens, Off Space Res & Technol, Athens, Greece. [Benna, Mehdi; Killen, Rosemary M.] Univ Colorado, Lab Solar & Atmospher Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Krimigis, Stamatios M.] NASA, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schriver, David] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Solomon, Sean C.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Travnicek, Pavel] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Astron Inst, CZ-14131 Prague, Czech Republic. [Zurbuchen, Thomas H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Slavin, JA (reprint author), NASA, Heliophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM james.a.slavin@nasa.gov RI Anderson, Brian/I-8615-2012; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; McNutt, Ralph/E-8006-2010; Sarantos, Menelaos/H-8136-2013; Travnicek, Pavel/G-8608-2014; Benna, Mehdi/F-3489-2012 OI Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; McNutt, Ralph/0000-0002-4722-9166; FU NASA [NASW-00002, NAS5-97271] FX Computational assistance and data visualization support provided by J. Feggans are gratefully acknowledged. Conversations with S. Imber and A. Glocer are appreciated. The MESSENGER project is supported by the NASA Discovery Program under contracts NASW-00002 to the Carnegie Institution of Washington and NAS5-97271 to the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L02105 DI 10.1029/2009GL041485 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 550KI UT WOS:000274126300004 ER PT J AU Zhou, YP Lau, KM Reale, O Rosenberg, R AF Zhou, Y. P. Lau, K. -M. Reale, O. Rosenberg, R. TI AIRS impact on precipitation analysis and forecast of tropical cyclones in a global data assimilation and forecast system SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The impact of assimilating quality-controlled Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) temperature retrievals obtained from partially cloudy regions is assessed, with focus on precipitation produced by the GEOS-5 data assimilation and forecasting system, for three tropical cyclones: Nargis (April 27 - May 03, 2008) in the Indian Ocean, Wilma (October 15-26, 2005) and Helene (September 12-16, 2006) in the Atlantic. It is found that the precipitation analysis obtained when assimilating AIRS cloudy retrievals (AIRS) can capture regions of heavy precipitation associated with tropical cyclones much better than without AIRS data (CONTRL) or when using AIRS clear-sky radiances (RAD). The precipitation along the storm track shows that the AIRS assimilation produces larger mean values and more intense rain rates than the CONTRL and RAD assimilations. The corresponding precipitation forecasts initialized from AIRS analysis show reasonable prediction skill and better performance than forecasts initialized from CONTRL and RAD analyses up to day-2. Citation: Zhou, Y. P., K.-M. Lau, O. Reale, and R. Rosenberg (2010), AIRS impact on precipitation analysis and forecast of tropical cyclones in a global data assimilation and forecast system, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L02806, doi:10.1029/2009GL041494. C1 [Zhou, Y. P.; Lau, K. -M.; Reale, O.; Rosenberg, R.] NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zhou, Y. P.; Reale, O.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Catonsville, MD USA. [Rosenberg, R.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Zhou, YP (reprint author), NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Lau, William /E-1510-2012 OI Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691 FU NASA FX The project is supported by NASA PMM project sponsored by Ramesh Kakar. The authors thank Tsengdar Lee and acknowledge use of NASA High-End computing resources. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L02806 DI 10.1029/2009GL041494 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 550KI UT WOS:000274126300006 ER PT J AU Galvan, DA Moldwin, MB Sandel, BR Crowley, G AF Galvan, David A. Moldwin, Mark B. Sandel, Bill R. Crowley, Geoff TI On the causes of plasmaspheric rotation variability: IMAGE EUV observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IO PLASMA TORUS; MAGNETOSPHERIC CONVECTION; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; COROTATION; DISTURBANCE; ATMOSPHERE; DEPARTURE AB IMAGE EUV observations demonstrate that the plasmasphere usually does not corotate as assumed in simple convection models, even at low L shells. We carry out a statistical survey of plasmaspheric rotation rates over several months of IMAGE EUV data in 2001, using two different measurement techniques. We test the prevailing hypothesis, that subcorotation is due to enhanced auroral zone Joule heating driving equatorward thermospheric winds, by testing for correlation of rotation rates with several geomagnetic indices. Azimuthal features such as "notches" are tracked in local time over a single pass of the IMAGE satellite, both visually and using an automated cross-correlation routine. Each technique provides an estimate of the plasmasphere's rotation rate. We find a weak correlation between rotation rate and Dst, Kp, AE, the midnight boundary index (MBI), and Joule heating estimates from assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics (AMIE) at L = 2.5, but not at L = 3.5. In general, lower rotation rates correspond to higher auroral and geomagnetic activity. We also make the first direct observation of plasmaspheric superrotation. The plasmaspheric rotation rate is found to be highly variable on multiday timescales, but the typical state of the plasmasphere is subcorotation, with inferred mean values ranging from 88% to 95% of corotation, depending on L shell. In addition, a statistical analysis shows that rotation rates near dusk are generally lower than those at dawn, suggesting that local time and magnetospheric convection contribute to the variation in rotation rate as well. We conclude that the cause of variability in plasmaspheric rotation rate is a combination of storm phase, local-time-dependent convection, and westward ionospheric drift. C1 [Galvan, David A.; Moldwin, Mark B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Sandel, Bill R.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Crowley, Geoff] Atmospher & Space Technol Res Associates, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Galvan, DA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Moldwin, Mark/F-8785-2011 OI Moldwin, Mark/0000-0003-0954-1770 FU NASA [NNG05GL87H, NNG04GG43G, NNX07AG46G]; NSF [ATM-0348398, ATM-0703335] FX This research was supported by a NASA Graduate Student Research Program (GSRP) fellowship (grant NNG05GL87H), a NASA Guest Investigator grant (NNG04GG43G), and a NSF grant (ATM-0348398). Work at the University of Arizona was supported by NASA grant NNX07AG46G. G. C. was supported by NSF grant ATM-0703335 from the GEM program. We thank Terry Forrester for his insightful comments and discussion regarding the EUV data itself as well as IDL EUV analysis tools available at http://euv.lpl.arizona.edu/euv/index.html. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 29 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A01214 DI 10.1029/2009JA014321 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 550LM UT WOS:000274129300001 ER PT J AU Sadleir, JE Smith, SJ Bandler, SR Chervenak, JA Clem, JR AF Sadleir, John E. Smith, Stephen J. Bandler, Simon R. Chervenak, James A. Clem, John R. TI Longitudinal Proximity Effects in Superconducting Transition-Edge Sensors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY MICROCALORIMETERS; NOISE; SUPERCURRENTS; SANDWICHES; DETECTORS AB We have found experimentally that the critical current of a square thin-film superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) depends exponentially upon the side length L and the square root of the temperature T, a behavior that has a natural theoretical explanation in terms of longitudinal proximity effects if the TES is regarded as a weak link between superconducting leads. As a consequence, the effective transition temperature T-c of the TES is current dependent and at fixed current scales as 1/L-2. We have also found that the critical current can show clear Fraunhofer-like oscillations in an applied magnetic field, similar to those found in Josephson junctions. We have observed the longitudinal proximity effect in these devices over extraordinarily long lengths up to 290 mu m, 1450 times the mean-free path. C1 [Sadleir, John E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sadleir, John E.; Smith, Stephen J.; Bandler, Simon R.; Chervenak, James A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Clem, John R.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Clem, John R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sadleir, JE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM john.e.sadleir@nasa.gov RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Smith, Stephen/B-1256-2008 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Smith, Stephen/0000-0003-4096-4675 FU NASA's Solar and Heliospheric Physics Supporting Research; Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX Our work at Goddard was partially funded under NASA's Solar and Heliospheric Physics Supporting Research and at the Ames Laboratory by the Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. We thank J. Beyer (PTB Berlin) and K. Irwin (NIST Boulder) for providing the SQUIDS used in this work. We also thank F. Finkbeiner, R. Brekosky, and D. Kelly for essential roles in device fabrication, and C. Kilbourne, I. Robinson, F. S. Porter, R. Kelley, and M. Eckart for useful discussion of these results and the manuscript. NR 28 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 4 AR 047003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.047003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 553AK UT WOS:000274336600045 PM 20366733 ER PT J AU Mohajeri, N T-Raissi, A Bokerman, G Captain, JE Peterson, BV Whitten, M Trigwell, S Berger, C Brenner, J AF Mohajeri, Nahid T-Raissi, Ali Bokerman, Gary Captain, Janine E. Peterson, Barbara V. Whitten, Mary Trigwell, Steve Berger, Cristina Brenner, James TI TEM-XRD analysis of PdO particles on TiO2 support for chemochromic detection of hydrogen SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Chemochromic hydrogen sensor; Pigment; Transmission Electron Microscope; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID ULTRAFINE METAL PARTICLES; SOL-GEL; NANOPARTICLES; CATALYSTS AB Safety is always a concern in all applications that utilize hydrogen (H-2) in one form or another. Hydrogen leaks are invisible and odorless. In addition, blending odorants or additives into hydrogen in a manner similar to natural gas is generally undesirable for certain applications, including proton exchange membrane fuel cells. To facilitate detection of the location of hydrogen leaks, a special nonreversible chemochromic H2 sensing material that employs titania (TiO2) Supported palladium oxide (PdO) pigments encapsulated within a special silicone matrix has been developed at the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) and field tested at National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center. Several batches of PdO hydrogen gas sensing pigments were synthesized using various TiO2 supports, and their hydrogen detection activity was determined. TEM and particle size distribution analysis showed that smaller particles with a hemispherical, crystalline structure produced faster coloration kinetics when exposed to H-2 gas. However, agglomerated PdO particles on the TiO2 surface displayed greater color contrast. XRD analysis indicated that the crystalline phase of TiO2 had no effect on the chemochromic performance of the pigments in a laboratory environment. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mohajeri, Nahid; T-Raissi, Ali; Bokerman, Gary] Univ Cent Florida, Florida Solar Energy Ctr, Cocoa, FL 32922 USA. [Captain, Janine E.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Peterson, Barbara V.; Trigwell, Steve] ASRC Aerosp, ASRC 15, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Whitten, Mary; Berger, Cristina] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Brenner, James] Florida Inst Technol, Natl Ctr Hydrogen Res, Dept Chem Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Mohajeri, N (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Florida Solar Energy Ctr, 1679 Clearlake Rd, Cocoa, FL 32922 USA. EM nmohajeri@fsec.ucf.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through Glenn Research Center (GRC) [NAG3-2751] FX The support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through Glenn Research Center (GRC) under Contract No. NAG3-2751. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JAN 29 PY 2010 VL 144 IS 1 BP 208 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2009.10.064 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 561AR UT WOS:000274947800033 ER PT J AU Jochnowitz, EB Zhang, X Nimlos, MR Flowers, BA Stanton, JF Ellison, GB AF Jochnowitz, Evan B. Zhang, Xu Nimlos, Mark R. Flowers, Bradley A. Stanton, John F. Ellison, G. Barney TI Infrared Spectrum of the Propargyl Peroxyl Radical, HC C-CH2OO (X)over-tilde (2)A '' SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CAVITY RINGDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; GAS-PHASE ACIDITY; SELF-REACTION; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; ELECTRONIC-TRANSITION; ABSORPTION SPECTRA; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; ARGON MATRICES AB When the propargyl radical, HCCCH2, and O-2 are codeposited onto a cold argon matrix, a chemical reaction ensues; infrared absorption spectra reveal the formation of the propargyl peroxyl radical: HC = C - CH2 (H) over tilde B-2(1) + O-2 -> trans-HC=CH2OO (H) over tilde (2) A. We do not observe the isomeric adduct, CH2=C=CHOO (X) over tilde (2)A ''. The propargyl radicals are produced by a hyperthermal nozzle while a second nozzle alternately fires bursts of O2/Ar at the 20 K matrix. The absorption spectra of the radicals are measured using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. We observe 13 of the 18 fundamental infrared bands of the propargyl peroxyl radical in an Ar matrix at 20 K. The experimental frequencies (cm(-1)) of trans-HC C-CH2OO (H) over tilde (2) A '' are assigned. The a' modes are v(1) = 3326, v(2) = 2960, v(3) = 2149, v(4) = 1440, v(5) = 1338, v(6) = 1127. v(7) = 982, v(8) = 928, v(9) = 684, and v(10) = 499 cm(-1), while the a '' modes are v(14) = 1218, v(15) = 972, and v(16) = 637 cm(-1). Linear dichroism spectra were measured with photo-oriented HCCCH2OO radical samples to establish the experimental polarizations of several vibrational hands. The experimental frequencies (v) for the propargyl peroxyl radical are compared to the anharmonic frequencies (v) resulting from electronic structure calculations. We have used CBS-QB3 electronic structure calculations to estimate the peroxyl bond energies: Delta H-298(trans-HC CCh(2) -> OO -> CH2CCH (H) over tilde B-2(1) + O-2) = 19 +/- 1 kcal mol(-1) and Delta H-298(trans-CH2=C=CH-OO -> CH2CCH (H) over tilde B-2(1) + O-2) = 21 +/- 1 kcal mol(-1). The experimental thermochemistry for C3H3 reacting with oxygen has been reanalyzed as Delta H-rxn(298)(HCCCH2 + O-2 -> CH2=C=O + HCO) = -83 +/- 3 kcal mol(-1); Delta H-rxn(298)(HCCCH2 + O-2 -> CH3CO + CO) = -111 +/- 3 kcal mol(-1); Delta H-rxn(298)(HCCCH2 + O-2 -> CH2CHO + CO) = -106 +/- 4 kcal mol(-1); Delta H-rxn(298)(HCCCH2 + O-2 -> HCHO + HCCO) = -67 +/- 4 kcal mol(-1); Delta H-rxn(298)(HCCCH2 + O-2 -> CH2CH + CO2) = -105 +/- 3 kcal mol(-1). C1 [Jochnowitz, Evan B.; Zhang, Xu; Nimlos, Mark R.; Flowers, Bradley A.; Ellison, G. Barney] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jochnowitz, Evan B.] Univ Basel, Inst Phys Chem, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Zhang, Xu] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Nimlos, Mark R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Flowers, Bradley A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Stanton, John F.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem, Inst Theoret Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Ellison, GB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM barney@jila.colorado.edu FU United States Department of Energy [DE-FG02-93ER14364, DE-FG02-07ER15884]; National Science Foundation [CHE-9813659]; Robert A. Welch Foundation; NASA FX This work was Supported by grants from the United States Department of Energy (DE-FG02-93ER14364) a and the National Science Foundation (CHE-9813659) (G.B.E., J.F.S.), the Department of Energy, Basis Energy Sciences (DE-FG02-07ER15884), and the Robert A. Welch Foundation (J.F.S.). X.Z. would like to acknowledge support from a NASA postdoctoral fellowship. NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 28 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 3 BP 1498 EP 1507 DI 10.1021/jp907806g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 544QB UT WOS:000273672600034 PM 20039710 ER PT J AU Soderberg, AM Chakraborti, S Pignata, G Chevalier, RA Chandra, P Ray, A Wieringa, MH Copete, A Chaplin, V Connaughton, V Barthelmy, SD Bietenholz, MF Chugai, N Stritzinger, MD Hamuy, M Fransson, C Fox, O Levesque, EM Grindlay, JE Challis, P Foley, RJ Kirshner, RP Milne, PA Torres, MAP AF Soderberg, A. M. Chakraborti, S. Pignata, G. Chevalier, R. A. Chandra, P. Ray, A. Wieringa, M. H. Copete, A. Chaplin, V. Connaughton, V. Barthelmy, S. D. Bietenholz, M. F. Chugai, N. Stritzinger, M. D. Hamuy, M. Fransson, C. Fox, O. Levesque, E. M. Grindlay, J. E. Challis, P. Foley, R. J. Kirshner, R. P. Milne, P. A. Torres, M. A. P. TI A relativistic type Ibc supernova without a detected gamma-ray burst SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID IC SUPERNOVAE; BLAST WAVES; GRB 980425; EMISSION; 1998BW; RATES; ARRAY AB Long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) mark(1) the explosive death of some massive stars and are a rare sub-class of type Ibc supernovae. They are distinguished by the production of an energetic and collimated relativistic outflow powered(2) by a central engine (an accreting black hole or neutron star). Observationally, this outflow is manifested(3) in the pulse of gamma-rays and a long-lived radio afterglow. Until now, central-engine driven supernovae have been discovered exclusively through their gamma-ray emission, yet it is expected(4) that a larger population goes undetected because of limited satellite sensitivity or beaming of the collimated emission away from our line of sight. In this framework, the recovery of undetected GRBs may be possible through radio searches(5,6) for type Ibc supernovae with relativistic outflows. Here we report the discovery of luminous radio emission from the seemingly ordinary type Ibc SN 2009bb, which requires a substantial relativistic outflow powered by a central engine. A comparison with our radio survey of type Ibc supernovae reveals that the fraction harbouring central engines is low, about one per cent, measured independently from, but consistent with, the inferred(7) rate of nearby GRBs. Independently, a second mildly relativistic supernova has been reported(8). C1 [Soderberg, A. M.; Copete, A.; Levesque, E. M.; Grindlay, J. E.; Challis, P.; Foley, R. J.; Kirshner, R. P.; Torres, M. A. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chakraborti, S.; Ray, A.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Mumbai 400005, Maharashtra, India. [Pignata, G.; Hamuy, M.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Chevalier, R. A.; Fox, O.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Chandra, P.] Royal Mil Coll Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada. [Wieringa, M. H.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia. [Chaplin, V.; Connaughton, V.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Barthelmy, S. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bietenholz, M. F.] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Bietenholz, M. F.] Hartebeestehoek Radio Observ, ZA-1740 Krugersdorp, South Africa. [Chugai, N.] RAS, Inst Astron, Moscow 119017, Russia. [Stritzinger, M. D.] Carnegie Observ, Las Campanas Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Stritzinger, M. D.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Fransson, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Levesque, E. M.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Milne, P. A.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Soderberg, AM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-51, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM asoderberg@cfa.harvard.edu RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Hamuy, Mario/G-7541-2016 FU NASA; Ford Foundation; NSF; FONDECYT; Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio; FONDAP; CONICYT; 11th Five Year Plan Project FX The VLA is operated by the NRAO, a facility of the NSF operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. GMRT is run by the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. A. M. S. and O. F. acknowledge support by NASA through Hubble and GSRP grants, respectively. E. M. L. is funded through a Ford Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship. R. J. F. is a Clay fellow. R. A. C. and R. P. K. acknowledge support through NASA and NSF grants. G. P. and M. H. acknowledge support from FONDECYT, Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio, FONDAP and CONICYT. A. R. and S. C. are funded by an 11th Five Year Plan Project. NR 28 TC 157 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 28 PY 2010 VL 463 IS 7280 BP 513 EP 515 DI 10.1038/nature08714 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 548QK UT WOS:000273981100044 PM 20110995 ER PT J AU Paragi, Z Taylor, GB Kouveliotou, C Granot, J Ramirez-Ruiz, E Bietenholz, M van der Horst, AJ Pidopryhora, Y van Langevelde, HJ Garrett, MA Szomoru, A Argo, MK Bourke, S Paczynski, B AF Paragi, Z. Taylor, G. B. Kouveliotou, C. Granot, J. Ramirez-Ruiz, E. Bietenholz, M. van der Horst, A. J. Pidopryhora, Y. van Langevelde, H. J. Garrett, M. A. Szomoru, A. Argo, M. K. Bourke, S. Paczynski, B. TI A mildly relativistic radio jet from the otherwise normal type Ic supernova 2007gr SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; SN 2007GR; EMISSION AB The class of type Ic supernovae have drawn increasing attention since 1998 owing to their sparse association (only four so far) with long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)(1-4). Although both phenomena originate from the core collapse of a massive star, supernovae emit mostly at optical wavelengths, whereas GRBs emit mostly in soft gamma-rays or hard X-rays. Though the GRB central engine generates ultra-relativistic jets, which beam the early emission into a narrow cone, no relativistic outflows have hitherto been found in type Ib/c supernovae explosions, despite theoretical expectations(5-7) and searches(8). Here we report radio (interferometric) observations that reveal a mildly relativistic expansion in a nearby type Ic supernova, SN 2007gr. Using two observational epochs 60 days apart, we detect expansion of the source and establish a conservative lower limit for the average apparent expansion velocity of 0.6c. Independently, a second mildly relativistic supernova has been reported(9). Contrary to the radio data, optical observations(10-13) of SN 2007gr indicate a typical type Ic supernova with ejecta velocities similar to 6,000 km s(-1), much lower than in GRB-associated supernovae. We conclude that in SN 2007gr a small fraction of the ejecta produced a low-energy mildly relativistic bipolar radio jet, while the bulk of the ejecta were slower and, as shown by optical spectropolarimetry(14), mildly aspherical. C1 [Paragi, Z.; Pidopryhora, Y.; van Langevelde, H. J.; Szomoru, A.; Bourke, S.] JIVE, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Paragi, Z.] MTA Res Grp Phys Geodesy & Geodynam, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary. [Taylor, G. B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kouveliotou, C.; van der Horst, A. J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Granot, J.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Ramirez-Ruiz, E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Bietenholz, M.] Hartebeesthoek Radio Observ, ZA-1740 Krugersdorp, South Africa. [Bietenholz, M.] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Garrett, M. A.] Netherlands Inst Radio Astron ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [van Langevelde, H. J.; Garrett, M. A.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Garrett, M. A.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Argo, M. K.] Curtin Univ Technol, Curtin Inst Radio Astron, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. RP Paragi, Z (reprint author), JIVE, Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. EM zparagi@jive.nl OI Argo, Megan/0000-0003-3594-0214; van Langevelde, Huib Jan/0000-0002-0230-5946; Paragi, Zsolt/0000-0002-5195-335X FU Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) [K72515]; EC [02662]; national research councils; Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research (NWO); European Community [R113CT 2003 5058187]; Royal Society; NASA FX Z. P. acknowledges support from the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA, grant K72515). We are grateful to A. Soderberg for providing the VLA coordinates of SN 2007gr in August 2007, which helped us to confirm our initial e-VLBI detection and thus enabled our follow-up VLBI observations. e-VLBI development in Europe is supported by the EC DG-INFSO funded Communication Network Developments project 'EXPReS', contract no. 02662. The EVN is a joint facility of European, Chinese, South African and other radio astronomy institutes funded by their national research councils. The WSRT is operated by ASTRON (Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy) with support from the Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research (NWO). ParselTounge was developed in the context of the ALBIUS project, funded by the European Community's sixth Framework Programme under RadioNet R113CT 2003 5058187. J. G. acknowledges a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. A. J. v. d. H. was supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the MSFC, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 17 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 28 PY 2010 VL 463 IS 7280 BP 516 EP 518 DI 10.1038/nature08713 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 548QK UT WOS:000273981100045 PM 20110996 ER PT J AU Rowlands, DD Luthcke, SB McCarthy, JJ Klosko, SM Chinn, DS Lemoine, FG Boy, JP Sabaka, TJ AF Rowlands, D. D. Luthcke, S. B. McCarthy, J. J. Klosko, S. M. Chinn, D. S. Lemoine, F. G. Boy, J. -P. Sabaka, T. J. TI Global mass flux solutions from GRACE: A comparison of parameter estimation strategies-Mass concentrations versus Stokes coefficients SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GRAVITATIONAL-FIELD; GRAVITY-FIELD; SYSTEM AB The differences between mass concentration (mascon) parameters and standard Stokes coefficient parameters in the recovery of gravity information from gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) intersatellite K-band range rate data are investigated. First, mascons are decomposed into their Stokes coefficient representations to gauge the range of solutions available using each of the two types of parameters. Next, a direct comparison is made between two time series of unconstrained gravity solutions, one based on a set of global equal area mascon parameters (equivalent to 4 degrees X 4 degrees at the equator), and the other based on standard Stokes coefficients with each time series using the same fundamental processing of the GRACE tracking data. It is shown that in unconstrained solutions, the type of gravity parameter being estimated does not qualitatively affect the estimated gravity field. It is also shown that many of the differences in mass flux derivations from GRACE gravity solutions arise from the type of smoothing being used and that the type of smoothing that can be embedded in mascon solutions has distinct advantages over postsolution smoothing. Finally, a 1 year time series based on global 2 degrees equal area mascons estimated every 10 days is presented. C1 [Rowlands, D. D.; Luthcke, S. B.; Lemoine, F. G.; Boy, J. -P.; Sabaka, T. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McCarthy, J. J.; Klosko, S. M.; Chinn, D. S.] SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Boy, J. -P.] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, EOST IPGS, UMR 7516, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. RP Rowlands, DD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Code 698, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM david.d.rowlands@nasa.gov RI Rowlands, David/D-2751-2012; Sabaka, Terence/D-5618-2012; Luthcke, Scott/D-6283-2012; Lemoine, Frank/D-1215-2013; Boy, Jean-Paul/E-6677-2017 OI Boy, Jean-Paul/0000-0003-0259-209X FU NASA FX Support for this work was provided by NASA through the GRACE Science team. We gratefully acknowledge the quality of GRACE Level 1B products produced by our colleagues at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We would like to thank Shin-Chan Han (UMBC and GSFC's Planetary Geodynamics Laboratory) for useful suggestions. NR 22 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 27 PY 2010 VL 115 AR B01403 DI 10.1029/2009JB006546 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 550LH UT WOS:000274128800002 ER PT J AU Koster, RD Mahanama, SPP Yamada, TJ Balsamo, G Berg, AA Boisserie, M Dirmeyer, PA Doblas-Reyes, FJ Drewitt, G Gordon, CT Guo, Z Jeong, JH Lawrence, DM Lee, WS Li, Z Luo, L Malyshev, S Merryfield, WJ Seneviratne, SI Stanelle, T van den Hurk, BJJM Vitart, F Wood, EF AF Koster, R. D. Mahanama, S. P. P. Yamada, T. J. Balsamo, Gianpaolo Berg, A. A. Boisserie, M. Dirmeyer, P. A. Doblas-Reyes, F. J. Drewitt, G. Gordon, C. T. Guo, Z. Jeong, J. -H. Lawrence, D. M. Lee, W. -S. Li, Z. Luo, L. Malyshev, S. Merryfield, W. J. Seneviratne, S. I. Stanelle, T. van den Hurk, B. J. J. M. Vitart, F. Wood, E. F. TI Contribution of land surface initialization to subseasonal forecast skill: First results from a multi-model experiment SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; SOIL-MOISTURE; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATION; PREDICTION; PRECIPITATION; FORMULATION; SYSTEM; IMPACT AB The second phase of the Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE-2) is aimed at quantifying, with a suite of long-range forecast systems, the degree to which realistic land surface initialization contributes to the skill of subseasonal precipitation and air temperature forecasts. Results, which focus here on North America, show significant contributions to temperature prediction skill out to two months across large portions of the continent. For precipitation forecasts, contributions to skill are much weaker but are still significant out to 45 days in some locations. Skill levels increase markedly when calculations are conditioned on the magnitude of the initial soil moisture anomaly. Citation: Koster, R. D., et al. (2010), Contribution of land surface initialization to subseasonal forecast skill: First results from a multi-model experiment, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L02402, doi:10.1029/2009GL041677. C1 [Koster, R. D.; Mahanama, S. P. P.; Yamada, T. J.; Li, Z.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GMAO, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Balsamo, Gianpaolo; Vitart, F.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Berg, A. A.; Drewitt, G.] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Boisserie, M.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Dirmeyer, P. A.; Guo, Z.] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Doblas-Reyes, F. J.] ICREA, Inst Catala Ciencies Clima, Barcelona, Spain. [Gordon, C. T.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Jeong, J. -H.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, S-41320 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lawrence, D. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lee, W. -S.; Merryfield, W. J.] Environm Canada, CCCMA, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Seneviratne, S. I.; Stanelle, T.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [van den Hurk, B. J. J. M.] KNMI, Dept Climate Res, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Luo, L.; Wood, E. F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Malyshev, S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Li, Z.] SAIC, Beltsville, MD USA. [Mahanama, S. P. P.; Yamada, T. J.] UMBC, GEST, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Koster, RD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GMAO, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM randal.d.koster@nasa.gov RI Luo, Lifeng/C-8734-2009; Lawrence, David/C-4026-2011; Seneviratne, Sonia/G-8761-2011; Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012; Balsamo, Gianpaolo/I-3362-2013; Dirmeyer, Paul/B-6553-2016; Doblas-Reyes, Francisco/C-1228-2016 OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-2968-3023; Seneviratne, Sonia/0000-0001-9528-2917; Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383; Balsamo, Gianpaolo/0000-0002-1745-3634; Dirmeyer, Paul/0000-0003-3158-1752; Doblas-Reyes, Francisco/0000-0002-6622-4280 FU NOAA; NASA; WCRP FX Coordinators of the GLACE-2 project gratefully acknowledge financial support from NOAA's Climate Prediction Program for the Americas and NASA's Terrestrial Hydrology program. The various participants in the project (see Table 1) were able to perform the GLACE-2 simulations thanks to financial and computational support from their home institutions and/or from the institutions hosting the numerical prediction systems. We thank WCRP's GEWEX and CLIVAR projects for their sponsorship of this project. NR 29 TC 131 Z9 134 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 26 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L02402 DI 10.1029/2009GL041677 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 550JV UT WOS:000274125000001 ER PT J AU Chen, K Zhuang, CG Li, Q Zhu, Y Voyles, PM Weng, X Redwing, JM Singh, RK Kleinsasser, AW Xi, XX AF Chen, Ke Zhuang, C. G. Li, Qi Zhu, Y. Voyles, P. M. Weng, X. Redwing, J. M. Singh, R. K. Kleinsasser, A. W. Xi, X. X. TI High-J(c) MgB2 Josephson junctions with operating temperature up to 40 K SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE chemical vapour deposition; critical current density (superconductivity); Josephson effect; magnesium compounds; magnetic fields; sputtering; thin films ID TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; THIN-FILMS; MAGNESIUM DIBORIDE; FABRICATION AB Sandwich-type MgB2/MgO/MgB2 Josephson junctions with Au or MgB2 interconnection were fabricated using hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposited MgB2 thin films and RF-magnetron-sputtered MgO barrier. The junctions show properties similar to those in high-J(c) Nb junctions with J(c) up to 275 kA/cm(2) at 4 K, which remains nonzero up to 40 K. Critical current modulations by applied magnetic field and constant voltage steps under microwave radiation were observed. Combined with the larger energy gaps in MgB2 than in Nb, the junctions presented here allow simple MgB2 digital circuits to work over 20 K or with a clock speed above 1 THz. C1 [Chen, Ke; Zhuang, C. G.; Li, Qi; Xi, X. X.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Zhu, Y.; Voyles, P. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Weng, X.; Redwing, J. M.; Xi, X. X.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Singh, R. K.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mech Aerosp Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Kleinsasser, A. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chen, K (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM kchen@temple.edu RI Zhu, Ye/A-1844-2011; weng, xiaojun/D-5096-2011; OI Zhu, Ye/0000-0002-5217-493X; Voyles, Paul/0000-0001-9438-4284 FU ONR [N00014-07-1-0079]; DOE [DE-FG02-08ER46531]; NSF NNIN FX We would like to thank John Rowell, Nate Newman, Ruggero Vaglio, Bob Burhman, and Bob Dynes for helpful discussions. The work is partially funded by ONR under Grant No. N00014-07-1-0079 (X.X.X.) and by DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46531 (Q.L.). We acknowledge use of facilities at the PSU Site of the NSF NNIN. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 25 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 4 AR 042506 DI 10.1063/1.3298366 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551BH UT WOS:000274179900053 ER PT J AU Marty, GD Heintz, RA AF Marty, Gary D. Heintz, Ronald A. TI Ruptured yolk sacs and visceral fungi in emergent pink salmon alevins: histopathology and relation to marine survival SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Pink salmon; Oncorhynchus gorbuscha; Ruptured yolk sac; Alevins; Histopathology; Marine survival ID ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; CYTOCHROME-P4501A INDUCTION; LEPEOPHTHEIRUS-SALMONIS; PHOMA-HERBARUM; CHINOOK SALMON; CRUDE-OIL; DISEASE; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; EMBRYOS AB Marine survival of anadromous salmon species is highly variable, and causes of this variability are often unknown. In the 1990s, cultured pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha alevins from 2 different regions in Alaska, USA, had years with increased postemergent mortality that could not. be attributed to viruses, bacteria, or parasites. In both regions, lifetime marine survival of the most severely affected fish groups was as low as 11%, in 1 region and 0.13% in the other region. To determine causes of morbidity, alevins from both regions were sampled for detailed histopathology (n = 144 and 36). Microscopic lesions associated with increased postemergent mortality included ruptured yolk sacs or 'coagulated yolk' (up to 38%, of abnormal fish affected) and invasive fungi in the stomach or swimbladder (Up to 39%, of abnormal fish affected). The diagnosis of a ruptured yolk sac was based on the presence of yolk protein in the peritoneal cavity. Putative yolk proteins sometimes also distended peritoneal macrophages, systemic vessels, hepatocyte cytoplasm, splenic macrophages, and renal ducts. The most severe case of visceral fungi had hyphae invading from the stomach into the swimbladder and kidney. In the hatchery with the greatest postemergent. mortality, 38%, of the abnormal fish sampled had no significant microscopic lesions. We hypothesize that ruptured yolk sacs and visceral fungi occurred in fish that. were predisposed to develop these lesions because of poor body condition. High prevalence of these lesions might be a useful marker for predicting poor marine survival. C1 [Marty, Gary D.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Heintz, Ronald A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Marty, GD (reprint author), Minist Agr & Lands, Ctr Anim Hlth, 1767 Angus Campbell Rd, Abbotsford, BC V3G 2M3, Canada. EM gdmarty@ucdavis.edu FU Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation; 'Exxon Valdez' Oil Spill Trustee Council FX We thank W. Widmann for histotechnology and N. Willits for statistical analysis; J.B. Olsen sampled the fish in Prince William Sound, D. Reggiani provided mortality and return data for Prince William Sound, and M. Plot-nick provided commercial fisheries data from the Alaska Department. of Fish and Game. D. Marty reviewed the Manuscript. The research described in this paper was supported by the Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation and the 'Exxon Valdez' Oil Spill Trustee Council. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JAN 25 PY 2010 VL 88 IS 2 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.3354/dao02150 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 557DG UT WOS:000274648400004 PM 20225673 ER PT J AU Feldman, WC Lawrence, DJ Goldsten, JO Gold, RE Baker, DN Haggerty, DK Ho, GC Krucker, S Lin, RP Mewaldt, RA Murphy, RJ Nittler, LR Rhodes, EA Slavin, JA Solomon, SC Starr, RD Vilas, F Vourlidas, A AF Feldman, William C. Lawrence, David J. Goldsten, John O. Gold, Robert E. Baker, Daniel N. Haggerty, Dennis K. Ho, George C. Krucker, Saem Lin, Robert P. Mewaldt, Richard A. Murphy, Ronald J. Nittler, Larry R. Rhodes, Edgar A. Slavin, James A. Solomon, Sean C. Starr, Richard D. Vilas, Faith Vourlidas, Angelos TI Evidence for extended acceleration of solar flare ions from 1-8 MeV solar neutrons detected with the MESSENGER Neutron Spectrometer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; ENERGETIC PARTICLE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SPACECRAFT; EMISSION; INSTRUMENT; SPECTRA; MISSION; RHESSI AB Neutrons produced on the Sun during the M2 flare on 31 December 2007 were observed at 0.48 AU by the MESSENGER Neutron Spectrometer. These observations are the first detection of solar neutrons inside 1 AU. This flare contained multiple acceleration episodes as seen in type III radio bursts. After these bursts ended, both the energetic particle and neutron fluxes decayed smoothly to background with an e-folding decay time of 2.84 h, spanning a 9 h time period. This time is considerably longer than the mean lifetime of a neutron, which indicates that either the observed neutrons were generated in the spacecraft by solar energetic particle protons, or they originated on the Sun. If most of the neutrons came from the Sun, as our simulations of neutron production on the spacecraft show, they must have been continuously produced. A likely explanation of their long duration is that energetic ions were accelerated over an extended time period onto closed magnetic arcades above the corona and then slowly pitch angle-scattered by coronal turbulence into their chromospheric loss cones. Because of their relatively low energy loss in the Neutron Spectrometer (0.5-7.5 MeV), most of these neutrons beta decay to energetic protons and electrons close to the Sun, thereby forming an extended seed population available for further acceleration by subsequent shocks driven by coronal mass ejections in interplanetary space. C1 [Feldman, William C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Baker, Daniel N.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Lawrence, David J.; Goldsten, John O.; Gold, Robert E.; Haggerty, Dennis K.; Ho, George C.; Rhodes, Edgar A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Krucker, Saem; Lin, Robert P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mewaldt, Richard A.; Vourlidas, Angelos] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Murphy, Ronald J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nittler, Larry R.; Solomon, Sean C.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Slavin, James A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Starr, Richard D.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Vilas, Faith] Univ Arizona, MMT Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Feldman, WC (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM feldman@psi.edu RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; Ho, George/G-3650-2015; Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; Ho, George/0000-0003-1093-2066; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667 FU NASA Discovery Program [NNX-08AI11G] FX The MESSENGER mission is supported by the NASA Discovery Program. We are grateful to the entire MESSENGER team for making the mission a success. Special thanks go to Brian Anderson for his essential contributions to the Magnetometer instrument. This work was carried out under the auspices of the Planetary Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, and all of the institutions of the coauthored team. The work at Caltech was supported by NASA under grant NNX-08AI11G, and W. C. Feldman also thanks the Los Alamos National Laboratory for providing an office and access to their library during parts of this project. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 23 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A01102 DI 10.1029/2009JA014535 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547RN UT WOS:000273906900004 ER PT J AU Catling, DC Claire, MW Zahnle, KJ Quinn, RC Clark, BC Hecht, MH Kounaves, S AF Catling, D. C. Claire, M. W. Zahnle, K. J. Quinn, R. C. Clark, B. C. Hecht, M. H. Kounaves, S. TI Atmospheric origins of perchlorate on Mars and in the Atacama SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Review ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; CHLORINE EMISSIONS INVENTORY; WESTERN SOUTH-AMERICA; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA; REACTIVE CHLORINE; STRATOSPHERIC CHLORINE; CLOX REACTIONS; MARTIAN SOIL; AB-INITIO; CHEMISTRY AB Isotopic studies indicate that natural perchlorate is produced on Earth in arid environments by the oxidation of chlorine species through pathways involving ozone or its photochemical products. With this analogy, we propose that the arid environment on Mars may have given rise to perchlorate through the action of atmospheric oxidants. A variety of hypothetical pathways can be proposed including photochemical reactions, electrostatic discharge, and gas-solid reactions. Because perchlorate-rich deposits in the Atacama desert are closest in abundance to perchlorate measured at NASA's Phoenix Lander site, we made a preliminary study of the means to produce Atacama perchlorate to help shed light on the origin of Martian perchlorate. We investigated gas phase pathways using a 1-D photochemical model. We found that perchlorate can be produced in sufficient quantities to explain the abundance of perchlorate in the Atacama from a proposed gas phase oxidation of chlorine volatiles to perchloric acid. The feasibility of gas phase production for the Atacama provides justification for future investigations of gas phase photochemistry as a possible source for Martian perchlorate. C1 [Catling, D. C.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Astrobiol Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Claire, M. W.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Astrobiol Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Clark, B. C.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Hecht, M. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kounaves, S.] Tufts Univ, Dept Chem, Medford, MA 02035 USA. [Quinn, R. C.] SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Zahnle, K. J.; Quinn, R. C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Catling, D. C.] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. RP Catling, DC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Astrobiol Program, POB 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dcatling@u.washington.du RI Catling, David/D-2082-2009; OI Catling, David/0000-0001-5646-120X; Kounaves, Samuel/0000-0002-2629-4831 FU NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI); UK STFC [ST/G008345/1] FX D. C., M. C., and K. Z. acknowledge support from a NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI) Director's Discretionary Fund award entitled "Volcanic SO2, Atmospheric Photochemistry, and Climate on Early Mars'' to the University of Washington. D. C. also acknowledges support from UK STFC grant ST/G008345/1 awarded to the University of Bristol. NR 107 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 9 U2 52 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN 22 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E00E11 DI 10.1029/2009JE003425 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 547QQ UT WOS:000273904600001 ER PT J AU Denk, T Neukum, G Roatsch, T Porco, CC Burns, JA Galuba, GG Schmedemann, N Helfenstein, P Thomas, PC Wagner, RJ West, RA AF Denk, Tilmann Neukum, Gerhard Roatsch, Thomas Porco, Carolyn C. Burns, Joseph A. Galuba, Goetz G. Schmedemann, Nico Helfenstein, Paul Thomas, Peter C. Wagner, Roland J. West, Robert A. TI Iapetus: Unique Surface Properties and a Global Color Dichotomy from Cassini Imaging SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IRREGULAR SATELLITES; GALILEAN SATELLITES; SOLAR-SYSTEM; E-RING; PHOEBE; HYPERION; LAPETUS; SATURN; ENCELADUS; SCIENCE AB Since 2004, Saturn's moon Iapetus has been observed repeatedly with the Imaging Science Subsystem of the Cassini spacecraft. The images show numerous impact craters down to the resolution limit of similar to 10 meters per pixel. Small, bright craters within the dark hemisphere indicate a dark blanket thickness on the order of meters or less. Dark, equator-facing and bright, poleward-facing crater walls suggest temperature-driven water-ice sublimation as the process responsible for local albedo patterns. Imaging data also reveal a global color dichotomy, wherein both dark and bright materials on the leading side have a substantially redder color than the respective trailing-side materials. This global pattern indicates an exogenic origin for the redder leading-side parts and suggests that the global color dichotomy initiated the thermal formation of the global albedo dichotomy. C1 [Denk, Tilmann; Neukum, Gerhard; Galuba, Goetz G.; Schmedemann, Nico] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Wissensch, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. [Roatsch, Thomas; Wagner, Roland J.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Planetenforschung, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Porco, Carolyn C.] Space Sci Inst, Cassini Imaging Cent Lab Operat CICLOPS, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Burns, Joseph A.; Helfenstein, Paul; Thomas, Peter C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [West, Robert A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Denk, T (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Wissensch, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. EM Tilmann.Denk@fu-berlin.de FU German Aerospace Center; NASA/JPL FX We acknowledge the individuals at CICLOPS (at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, CO) and JPL (Pasadena, CA), as well as the members and associates of the Imaging Team for the successful conduct of the ISS experiment onboard the Cassini spacecraft. This paper is dedicated to Steve Ostro, whose work helped considerably to explain the nature of Iapetus' dark terrain. This work has been funded by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and NASA/JPL. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 22 PY 2010 VL 327 IS 5964 BP 435 EP 439 DI 10.1126/science.1177088 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 546BS UT WOS:000273783100029 PM 20007863 ER PT J AU Zambrano, HA Walther, JH Jaffe, RL AF Zambrano, H. A. Walther, J. H. Jaffe, R. L. TI Thermally driven molecular linear motors: A molecular dynamics study (vol 131, 241104, 2009) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Correction DE molecular dynamics method C1 [Zambrano, H. A.; Walther, J. H.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Mech Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Jaffe, R. L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Walther, J. H.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Computat Sci & Engn Lab, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Zambrano, HA (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Mech Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. EM jhw@mek.dtu.dk RI Walther, Jens/D-9549-2015; OI Walther, Jens/0000-0001-8100-9178; Zambrano, Harvey/0000-0003-1049-8482 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 21 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 3 AR 039901 DI 10.1063/1.3298779 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 547LS UT WOS:000273890800039 ER PT J AU Romano, P Sidoli, L Ducci, L Cusumano, G La Parola, V Pagani, C Page, KL Kennea, JA Burrows, DN Gehrels, N Sguera, V Bazzano, A AF Romano, P. Sidoli, L. Ducci, L. Cusumano, G. La Parola, V. Pagani, C. Page, K. L. Kennea, J. A. Burrows, D. N. Gehrels, N. Sguera, V. Bazzano, A. TI Swift/XRT monitoring of the supergiant fast X-ray transient IGR J18483-0311 for an entire orbital period SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE X-rays: binaries; X-rays: individual: IGR J18483-0311 ID TELESCOPE; J11215-5952; OUTBURSTS; ACCRETION; BINARIES AB IGR J18483-0311 is an X-ray pulsar with transient X-ray activity, belonging to the new class of high-mass X-ray binaries called supergiant fast X-ray transients. This system is one of the two members of this class, together with IGR J11215-5952, where both the orbital (18.52 d) and spin period (21 s) are known. We report on the first complete monitoring of the X-ray activity along an entire orbital period of a supergiant fast X-ray transient. These Swift observations, lasting 28 d, cover more than one entire orbital phase consecutively. They are a unique data set, which allows us to constrain the different mechanisms proposed to explain the nature of this new class of X-ray transients. We applied the new clumpy wind model for blue supergiants developed by Ducci et al. to the observed X-ray light curve. Assuming an eccentricity of e = 0.4, the X-ray emission from this source can be explained in terms of the accretion from a spherically symmetric clumpy wind, composed of clumps with different masses, ranging from 10(18) g to 5 x 10(21) g. C1 [Romano, P.; Cusumano, G.; La Parola, V.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [Sidoli, L.; Ducci, L.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Ducci, L.] Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-22100 Como, Italy. [Pagani, C.; Kennea, J. A.; Burrows, D. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Page, K. L.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sguera, V.; Bazzano, A.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Romano, P (reprint author), Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, Via U Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. EM romano@ifc.inaf.it RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; OI Cusumano, Giancarlo/0000-0002-8151-1990; Sidoli, Lara/0000-0001-9705-2883; La Parola, Valentina/0000-0002-8087-6488; sguera, vito/0000-0001-8202-9381 FU NASA [ASI I/088/06/0, I/023/05/0, NAS5-00136] FX We thank the Swift team duty scientists and science planners. We also thank the remainder of the Swift XRT and BAT teams, S. Barthelmy and J. A. Nousek, in particular, for their invaluable help and support. This work was supported in Italy by contracts ASI I/088/06/0 and I/023/05/0, at PSU by NASA contract NAS5-00136. We thank P.A. Evans and S. Vercellone for helpful discussions. We also thank the anonymous referee for comments that helped improve the paper. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 21 PY 2010 VL 401 IS 3 BP 1564 EP 1569 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15789.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 543DM UT WOS:000273550500014 ER PT J AU Cooper, OR Parrish, DD Stohl, A Trainer, M Nedelec, P Thouret, V Cammas, JP Oltmans, SJ Johnson, BJ Tarasick, D Leblanc, T McDermid, IS Jaffe, D Gao, R Stith, J Ryerson, T Aikin, K Campos, T Weinheimer, A Avery, MA AF Cooper, O. R. Parrish, D. D. Stohl, A. Trainer, M. Nedelec, P. Thouret, V. Cammas, J. P. Oltmans, S. J. Johnson, B. J. Tarasick, D. Leblanc, T. McDermid, I. S. Jaffe, D. Gao, R. Stith, J. Ryerson, T. Aikin, K. Campos, T. Weinheimer, A. Avery, M. A. TI Increasing springtime ozone mixing ratios in the free troposphere over western North America SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; SURFACE OZONE; UNITED-STATES; ASIAN EMISSIONS; MOZAIC PROGRAM; AIRCRAFT; CLIMATOLOGY; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; TRENDS AB In the lowermost layer of the atmosphere-the troposphere-ozone is an important source of the hydroxyl radical, an oxidant that breaks down most pollutants and some greenhouse gases(1). High concentrations of tropospheric ozone are toxic, however, and have a detrimental effect on human health and ecosystem productivity(1). Moreover, tropospheric ozone itself acts as an effective greenhouse gas(2). Much of the present tropospheric ozone burden is a consequence of anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors(3) resulting in widespread increases in ozone concentrations since the late 1800s(3-7). At present, east Asia has the fastest-growing ozone precursor emissions(8). Much of the springtime east Asian pollution is exported eastwards towards western North America(9). Despite evidence that the exported Asian pollution produces ozone(10), no previous study has found a significant increase in free tropospheric ozone concentrations above the western USA since measurements began in the late 1970s(5,11,12). Here we compile springtime ozone measurements from many different platforms across western North America. We show a strong increase in springtime ozone mixing ratios during 1995-2008 and we have some additional evidence that a similar rate of increase in ozone mixing ratio has occurred since 1984. We find that the rate of increase in ozone mixing ratio is greatest when measurements are more heavily influenced by direct transport from Asia. Our result agrees with previous modelling studies, which indicate that global ozone concentrations should be increasing during the early part of the twenty-first century as a result of increasing precursor emissions, especially at northern mid-latitudes(13), with western North America being particularly sensitive to rising Asian emissions(14). We suggest that the observed increase in springtime background ozone mixing ratio may hinder the USA's compliance with its ozone air quality standard. C1 [Cooper, O. R.; Aikin, K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cooper, O. R.; Parrish, D. D.; Trainer, M.; Oltmans, S. J.; Johnson, B. J.; Gao, R.; Ryerson, T.; Aikin, K.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Dept Reg & Global Pollut Issues, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Nedelec, P.; Thouret, V.; Cammas, J. P.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, CNRS, Lab Aerol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Tarasick, D.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Expt Studies Res Div, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Leblanc, T.; McDermid, I. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. [Jaffe, D.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher & Environm Chem, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. [Stith, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Aviat Facil, Broomfield, CO 80021 USA. [Campos, T.; Weinheimer, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Avery, M. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Cooper, OR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM owen.r.cooper@noaa.gov RI Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013 OI Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; FU NOAA; European Communities; EADS; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Goal Program. We acknowledge the support of MOZAIC by the European Communities, EADS, Airbus and the airlines (Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France) who have carried MOZAIC equipment free of charge since 1994. B. Ridley, NCAR (retired), measured ozone from the NCAR C-130 during TOPSE. G. L. Gregory, NASA (retired), measured ozone from the Convair CV-990 during CITE-1C. M. Proffitt, NOAA (retired) measured ozone from the NASA ER2 during STRAT and POLARIS, and measured ozone from the NASA WB57 during WAM. PACDEX ozone data were provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation (http://data.eol.ucar.edu/). EDGAR (http://www.mnp.nl/edgar) is a product of the National Institute for Public Health and the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research and is part of the Global Emissions Inventory Activity of IGBP/IGAC. Finally we thank R. Dickerson for providing the mean ozone values for June 1985 and May-June 1986. NR 30 TC 174 Z9 177 U1 16 U2 118 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 21 PY 2010 VL 463 IS 7279 BP 344 EP 348 DI 10.1038/nature08708 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 545PM UT WOS:000273748100041 PM 20090751 ER PT J AU Yi, WH Malkovskiy, A Xu, YQ Wang, XQ Sokolov, AP Lebron-Colon, M Meador, MA Pang, Y AF Yi, Wenhui Malkovskiy, Andrey Xu, Yongqian Wang, Xiao-Qian Sokolov, Alexei P. Lebron-Colon, Marisabel Meador, Michael A. Pang, Yi TI Polymer conformation-assisted wrapping of single-walled carbon nanotube: The impact of cis-vinylene linkage SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanotube; Conjugated polymer; Fluorescence ID SELECTIVE INTERACTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC POLYMER; COMPOSITE; TRANSISTORS; SEPARATION AB A soluble pi-conjugated polymer cis-PmPV is found to be twice as effective as its trans-PmPV isomer in dispersing SWNTs into organic solvents. The improved efficiency is related to the specific conformation of cis-vinylene-enriched PmPV, which facilitates a planar pi-pi interaction with SWNT surface and leads to improved nanotube dispersion. (1)H NMR spectra indicate that the cis-CH=CH bonds are partially converted to the trans-CH=CH, thereby providing necessary conformational cavity for SWNT wrapping. Irradiation triggers a precipitation from SWNT dispersion, providing a purified SWNT/conjugated polymer composite. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yi, Wenhui; Xu, Yongqian; Pang, Yi] Univ Akron, Dept Chem, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Malkovskiy, Andrey; Sokolov, Alexei P.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Wang, Xiao-Qian] Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. [Wang, Xiao-Qian] Clark Atlanta Univ, Ctr Funct, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. [Lebron-Colon, Marisabel; Meador, Michael A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Struct & Mat Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Pang, Y (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Chem, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM yp5@uakron.edu FU University of Akron; NASA's Fundamental Aernonautics Program [NNC3-1044]; Cooperative Center in Polymer Photonics; NSF [DMR-0934142]; National Science Foundation [CHE-9977144] FX YP acknowledges the financial supports from The University of Akron and NASA (Grant NNC3-1044). APS acknowledges the financial support from the Air Force through the Cooperative Center in Polymer Photonics. ML and MAM acknowledge support from NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program. XQW acknowledges support from NSF (DMR-0934142). We also wish to thank The National Science Foundation (CHE-9977144) for funds used to purchase the NMR instrument used in this work. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN 21 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 2 BP 475 EP 481 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.11.052 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 546IM UT WOS:000273804500019 ER PT J AU Bi, L Yang, P Kattawar, GW Kahn, R AF Bi, Lei Yang, Ping Kattawar, George W. Kahn, Ralph TI Modeling optical properties of mineral aerosol particles by using nonsymmetric hexahedra SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SCATTERING PROPERTIES; MATTER COMPONENT CONCENTRATIONS; DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ICE CRYSTALS; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; NONSPHERICAL PARTICLES; DIELECTRIC PARTICLES; CLIMATE; DUST AB We explore the use of nonsymmetric geometries to simulate the single-scattering properties of airborne dust particles with complicated morphologies. Specifically, the shapes of irregular dust particles are assumed to be nonsymmetric hexahedra defined by using the Monte Carlo method. A combination of the discrete dipole approximation method and an improved geometric optics method is employed to compute the single-scattering properties of dust particles for size parameters ranging from 0.5 to 3000. The primary optical effect of eliminating the geometric symmetry of regular hexahedra is to smooth the scattering features in the phase function and to decrease the backscatter. The optical properties of the nonsymmetric hexahedra are used to mimic the laboratory measurements. It is demonstrated that a relatively close agreement can be achieved by using only one shape of nonsymmetric hexahedra. The agreement between the theoretical results and their measurement counterparts can be further improved by using a mixture of nonsymmetric hexahedra. It is also shown that the hexahedron model is much more appropriate than the "equivalent sphere" model for simulating the optical properties of dust particles, particularly, in the case of the elements of the phase matrix that associated with the polarization state of scattered light. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bi, Lei; Kattawar, George W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kahn, Ralph] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Bi, Lei/B-9242-2011; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012 OI Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0803779]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-06-1-0069] FX This research is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant ATM-0803779. George W. Kattawar's research is also supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under contract N00014-06-1-0069. The authors thank M. A. Yurkin and A. G. Hoekstra for the use of their ADDA code, and C. F. Bohren and R. Huffman for the use of their Mie code. NR 68 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 20 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 3 BP 334 EP 342 DI 10.1364/AO.49.000334 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 547II UT WOS:000273880200009 PM 20090797 ER PT J AU Lee, ZP Arnone, R Hu, CM Werdell, PJ Lubac, B AF Lee, ZhongPing Arnone, Robert Hu, Chuanmin Werdell, P. Jeremy Lubac, Bertrand TI Uncertainties of optical parameters and their propagations in an analytical ocean color inversion algorithm SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CLEAREST NATURAL-WATERS; REMOTE-SENSING REFLECTANCE; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; THEORETICAL DERIVATION; LEAVING RADIANCE; MODEL; CHLOROPHYLL; ABSORPTION; PHYTOPLANKTON; BACKSCATTERING AB Following the theory of error propagation, we developed analytical functions to illustrate and evaluate the uncertainties of inherent optical properties (IOPs) derived by the quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA). In particular, we evaluated the effects of uncertainties of these optical parameters on the inverted IOPs: the absorption coefficient at the reference wavelength, the extrapolation of particle backscattering coefficient, and the spectral ratios of absorption coefficients of phytoplankton and detritus/gelbstoff, respectively. With a systematically simulated data set (46,200 points), we found that the relative uncertainty of QAA-derived total absorption coefficients in the blue-green wavelengths is generally within +/- 10% for oceanic waters. The results of this study not only establish theoretical bases to evaluate and understand the effects of the various variables on IOPs derived from remote-sensing reflectance, but also lay the groundwork to analytically estimate uncertainties of these IOPs for each pixel. These are required and important steps for the generation of quality maps of IOP products derived from satellite ocean color remote sensing. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Lee, ZhongPing; Lubac, Bertrand] Mississippi State Univ, No Gulf Inst, Stennis Space Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA. [Arnone, Robert; Lubac, Bertrand] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA. [Hu, Chuanmin] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Werdell, P. Jeremy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lee, ZP (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, No Gulf Inst, Stennis Space Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA. EM zplee@ngi.msstate.edu RI Werdell, Jeremy/D-8265-2012; hu, chuanmin/J-5021-2012 FU NASA's Biology and Biogeochemistry and Water- and Energy Cycle Programs; Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by NASA's Biology and Biogeochemistry and Water- and Energy Cycle Programs and by the Naval Research Laboratory. We also thank Emmanuel Boss and an anonymous reviewer for the comments and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 60 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 20 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 3 BP 369 EP 381 DI 10.1364/AO.49.000369 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 547II UT WOS:000273880200013 PM 20090801 ER PT J AU Ricca, A Bauschlicher, CW Mattioda, AL Boersma, C Allamandola, LJ AF Ricca, Alessandra Bauschlicher, Charles W., Jr. Mattioda, Andrew L. Boersma, Christiaan Allamandola, Louis J. TI THE FAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF VERY LARGE NEUTRAL POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; infrared: ISM; ISM: molecules; methods: numerical ID PAHS; EMISSION; SPECTRA; IR AB Here we report the computed far-infrared (FIR) spectra of neutral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules containing at least 82 carbons up to 130 carbons and with shapes going from compact round and oval-type structures to rectangular and to trapezoidal. The effects of size and shape on the FIR band positions and intensities are discussed. Using FIR data from the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database Version 1.1, we generate synthetic spectra that support the suggestion that the 16.4, 17.4, and 17.8 mu m bands arise from PAHs. C1 [Ricca, Alessandra] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Bauschlicher, Charles W., Jr.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Technol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Mattioda, Andrew L.; Boersma, Christiaan; Allamandola, Louis J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Ricca, A (reprint author), SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, 515 N Whisman Rd, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM Alessandra.Ricca-1@nasa.gov RI Boersma, Christiaan/L-7696-2014 OI Boersma, Christiaan/0000-0002-4836-217X NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 1 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/709/1/42 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 539TY UT WOS:000273282500004 ER PT J AU Mawet, D Serabyn, E Liewer, K Burruss, R Hickey, J Shemo, D AF Mawet, D. Serabyn, E. Liewer, K. Burruss, R. Hickey, J. Shemo, D. TI THE VECTOR VORTEX CORONAGRAPH: LABORATORY RESULTS AND FIRST LIGHT AT PALOMAR OBSERVATORY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE brown dwarfs; instrumentation: adaptive optics; instrumentation: high angular resolution; techniques: high angular resolution ID PHASE MASK CORONAGRAPH; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; PLANET; TELESCOPE; COMPANION; DISKS; EARTH AB High-contrast coronagraphy will be needed to image and characterize faint extrasolar planetary systems. Coronagraphy is a rapidly evolving field, and many enhanced alternatives to the classical Lyot coronagraph have been proposed in the past 10 years. Here, we discuss the operation of the vector vortex coronagraph, which is one of the most efficient possible coronagraphs. We first present recent laboratory results and then first light observations at the Palomar observatory. Our near-infrared H-band (centered at similar to 1.65 mu m) and K-band (centered at similar to 2.2 mu m) vector vortex devices demonstrated excellent contrast results in the lab, down to similar to 10(-6) at an angular separation of similar to 3 lambda/d. On sky, we detected a brown dwarf companion 3000 times fainter than its host star (HR 7672) in the K(s) band (centered at similar to 2.15 mu m), at an angular separation of similar to 2.5 lambda/d. Current and next-generation high-contrast instruments can directly benefit from the demonstrated capabilities of such a vector vortex: simplicity, small inner working angle, high optical throughput (>90%), and maximal off-axis discovery space. C1 [Mawet, D.; Serabyn, E.; Liewer, K.; Burruss, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hickey, J.] CALTECH, Palomar Observ, Palomar Mt, CA 92060 USA. [Shemo, D.] JDS Uniphase Corp, Santa Rosa, CA 95407 USA. RP Mawet, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Dimitri.Mawet@jpl.nasa.gov FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); California Institute of Technology (Caltech); NASA/JPL; Cornell University FX This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (Caltech), under contract with NASA. D. M. is supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at JPL, Caltech, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The data presented in this paper are based on observations obtained at the Hale Telescope, Palomar Observatory, as part of a continuing collaboration between Caltech, NASA/JPL, and Cornell University. NR 29 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/709/1/53 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 539TY UT WOS:000273282500005 ER PT J AU Leauthaud, A Finoguenov, A Kneib, JP Taylor, JE Massey, R Rhodes, J Ilbert, O Bundy, K Tinker, J George, MR Capak, P Koekemoer, AM Johnston, DE Zhang, YY Cappelluti, N Ellis, RS Elvis, M Giodini, S Heymans, C Le Fevre, O Lilly, S McCracken, HJ Mellier, Y Refregier, A Salvato, M Scoville, N Smoot, G Tanaka, M Van Waerbeke, L Wolk, M AF Leauthaud, Alexie Finoguenov, Alexis Kneib, Jean-Paul Taylor, James E. Massey, Richard Rhodes, Jason Ilbert, Olivier Bundy, Kevin Tinker, Jeremy George, Matthew R. Capak, Peter Koekemoer, Anton M. Johnston, David E. Zhang, Yu-Ying Cappelluti, Nico Ellis, Richard S. Elvis, Martin Giodini, Stefania Heymans, Catherine Le Fevre, Oliver Lilly, Simon McCracken, Henry J. Mellier, Yannick Refregier, Alexandre Salvato, Mara Scoville, Nick Smoot, George Tanaka, Masayuki Van Waerbeke, Ludovic Wolk, Melody TI A WEAK LENSING STUDY OF X-RAY GROUPS IN THE COSMOS SURVEY: FORM AND EVOLUTION OF THE MASS-LUMINOSITY RELATION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology: observations; gravitational lensing; large-scale structure of universe ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; GALAXY CLUSTER SURVEY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; DARK-MATTER HALOS; WIDE-FIELD SURVEY; SCALING RELATIONS; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; ADVANCED CAMERA; SOURCE CATALOG AB Measurements of X-ray scaling laws are critical for improving cosmological constraints derived with the halo mass function and for understanding the physical processes that govern the heating and cooling of the intracluster medium. In this paper, we use a sample of 206 X-ray-selected galaxy groups to investigate the scaling relation between X-ray luminosity (L(X)) and halo mass (M(200)) where M(200) is derived via stacked weak gravitational lensing. This work draws upon a broad array of multi-wavelength COSMOS observations including 1.64 degrees(2) of contiguous imaging with the Advanced Camera for Surveys to a limiting magnitude of I(F814W) = 26.5 and deep XMM-Newton/Chandra imaging to a limiting flux of 1.0 x 10(-15) erg cm(-2) s(-1) in the 0.5-2 keV band. The combined depth of these two data sets allows us to probe the lensing signals of X-ray-detected structures at both higher redshifts and lower masses than previously explored. Weak lensing profiles and halo masses are derived for nine sub-samples, narrowly binned in luminosity and redshift. The COSMOS data alone are well fit by a power law, M(200) alpha (L(X))(alpha), with a slope of alpha = 0.66 +/- 0.14. These results significantly extend the dynamic range for which the halo masses of X-ray-selected structures have been measured with weak gravitational lensing. As a result, tight constraints are obtained for the slope of the M-L(X) relation. The combination of our group data with previously published cluster data demonstrates that the M-L(X) relation is well described by a single power law, a = 0.64 +/- 0.03, over two decades in mass, M(200) similar to 10(13.5)-10(15.5) h(72)(-1) M(circle dot). These results are inconsistent at the 3.7 sigma level with the self-similar prediction of alpha = 0.75. We examine the redshift dependence of the M-L(X) relation and find little evidence for evolution beyond the rate predicted by self-similarity from z similar to 0.25 to z similar to 0.8. C1 [Leauthaud, Alexie] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Leauthaud, Alexie; Tinker, Jeremy; Smoot, George] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Finoguenov, Alexis; Cappelluti, Nico; Giodini, Stefania] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Munich, Germany. [Finoguenov, Alexis] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Kneib, Jean-Paul; Ilbert, Olivier; Le Fevre, Oliver] Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, LAM, F-13013 Marseille, France. [Taylor, James E.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Massey, Richard; Heymans, Catherine] Astron Inst, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Rhodes, Jason] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Rhodes, Jason; Ellis, Richard S.; Salvato, Mara; Scoville, Nick] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bundy, Kevin; George, Matthew R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Capak, Peter] Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Koekemoer, Anton M.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Johnston, David E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Zhang, Yu-Ying] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Elvis, Martin] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lilly, Simon] ETH, Inst Astron, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [McCracken, Henry J.; Mellier, Yannick] Inst Astrophys, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Refregier, Alexandre] CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Salvato, Mara] IPP Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Tanaka, Masayuki] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Van Waerbeke, Ludovic] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Wolk, Melody] Ecole Normale Super, F-94235 Cachan, France. RP Leauthaud, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM asleauthaud@lbl.gov RI Le Fevre, Olivier/G-7389-2011; Kneib, Jean-Paul/A-7919-2015; OI Kneib, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-4616-4989; Cappelluti, Nico/0000-0002-1697-186X; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048 FU NASA [NAS 5-26555]; ESA Member States; European Southern Observatory [175.A-0839]; Association of Universities forResearch in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA); National Science Foundation; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; Associated Universities, Inc; CEA/DAPNIA; National Research Council of Canada; Canadian Astronomy Data Centre; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique de France; TERAPIX; University of Hawaii FX Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA Inc, under NASA contract NAS 5-26555; also based on data collected at the Subaru Telescope, which is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; the XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA; the European Southern Observatory under Large Program 175.A-0839, Chile; Kitt Peak National Observatory, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, and the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which are operated by the Association of Universities forResearch in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation; the National Radio Astronomy Observatory which is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc; and the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope with MegaPrime/MegaCam operated as a joint project by the Canada-France-Hawaii-Telescope Corporation, CEA/DAPNIA, the National Research Council of Canada, the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique de France, TERAPIX and the University of Hawaii. NR 112 TC 149 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 1 BP 97 EP 114 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/709/1/97 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 539TY UT WOS:000273282500010 ER PT J AU Rivers, E Markowitz, A Pottschmidt, K Roth, S Barragan, L Furst, F Suchy, S Kreykenbohm, I Wilms, J Rothschild, R AF Rivers, Elizabeth Markowitz, Alex Pottschmidt, Katja Roth, Stefanie Barragan, Laura Fuerst, Felix Suchy, Slawomir Kreykenbohm, Ingo Wilms, Joern Rothschild, Richard TI A COMPREHENSIVE SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE X-RAY PULSAR 4U 1907+09 FROM TWO OBSERVATIONS WITH THE SUZAKU X-RAY OBSERVATORY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars: individual (4U 1907+09); stars: magnetic field; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: stars ID MAGNETIC NEUTRON-STARS; SPIN-DOWN RATE; CYCLOTRON LINE; BULK COMPTONIZATION; TORQUE REVERSAL; ACCRETION; LUMINOSITY; 4U-1907+09; OUTBURST; WINDS AB We present results from two observations of the wind-accreting X-ray pulsar 4U 1907+09 using the Suzaku Observatory. The broadband time-averaged spectrum allows us to examine the continuum emission of the source and the cyclotron resonance scattering feature at similar to 19 keV. Additionally, using the narrow CCD response of Suzaku near 6 keV allows us to study in detail the Fe K bandpass and to quantify the Fe K beta line for this source for the first time. The source is absorbed by fully covering material along the line of sight with a column density of N-II similar to 2 x 10(22) cm(-2), consistent with a wind-accreting geometry, and a high Fe abundance (similar to 3-4 times solar). Time-and phase-resolved analyses allow us to study variations in the source spectrum. In particular, dips found in the 2006 observation which are consistent with earlier observations occur in the hard X-ray bandpass, implying a variation of the whole continuum rather than occultation by intervening material, while a dip near the end of the 2007 observation occurs mainly in the lower energies implying an increase in N-H along the line of sight, perhaps indicating clumpiness in the stellar wind. C1 [Rivers, Elizabeth; Markowitz, Alex; Suchy, Slawomir; Rothschild, Richard] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Pottschmidt, Katja] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pottschmidt, Katja] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pottschmidt, Katja] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Roth, Stefanie; Barragan, Laura; Fuerst, Felix; Kreykenbohm, Ingo; Wilms, Joern] Dr Karl Remeis Sternwarte & Erlangen Ctr Astropar, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. RP Rivers, E (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM erivers@ucsd.edu RI Wilms, Joern/C-8116-2013; Kreykenbohm, Ingo/H-9659-2013; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 OI Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410; Kreykenbohm, Ingo/0000-0001-7335-1803; FU NASA [NAG5-30720, NNX08AC88G, NNX09AG79G]; Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie under Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und [50OR0701, 50OR0808, 50OR0905]; Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst FX This research has made use of data obtained from the Suzaku satellite, a collaborative mission between the space agencies of Japan (JAXA) and the USA (NASA). This work has made use of HEASARC online services, supported by NASA/GSFC. The research was supported by NASA contract NAG5-30720, and grants NNX08AC88G and NNX09AG79G. We acknowledge support from the Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie under Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt grants 50OR0701, 50OR0808, and 50OR0905. F. F. acknowledges support from a Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst stipend. NR 59 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 1 BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/709/1/179 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 539TY UT WOS:000273282500017 ER PT J AU Zeiger, B Darling, J AF Zeiger, Benjamin Darling, Jeremy TI FORMALDEHYDE ANTI-INVERSION AT z=0.68 IN THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS B0218+357 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (B0218_357); galaxies: ISM; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; radio lines: galaxies; quasars: absorption lines ID EINSTEIN RING B0218+357; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; INTERSTELLAR H2CO; SYSTEM B0218+35.7; PARA RATIO; ABSORPTION; REDSHIFT; EMISSION; GAS AB We report new observations of the 1(10)-1(11) (6 cm) and 2(11)-2(12) (2 cm) transitions of ortho-formaldehyde (o-H(2)CO) in absorption at z = 0.68466 toward the gravitational lens system B0218 + 357. Radiative transfer modeling indicates that both transitions are anti-inverted relative to the 4.6 K microwave background, regardless of the source covering factor, with excitation temperatures of similar to 1 K and 1.5-2 K for the 1(10)-1(11) and 2(11)-2(12) lines, respectively. Using these observations and a large velocity gradient radiative transfer model that assumes a gradient of 1 km s(-1) pc(-1), we obtain a molecular hydrogen number density of 2 x 10(3) cm(-3) < n(H(2)) < 1 x 10(4) cm(-3) and a column density of 2.5 x 10(13) cm(-2) < N(o-H(2)CO) < 8.9 x 10(13) cm(-2), where the allowed ranges conservatively include the range of possible source covering factors in both lines. The measurements suggest that H(2)CO excitation in the absorbing clouds in the B0218 + 357 lens is analogous to that in Galactic molecular clouds: it would show H(2)CO absorption against the cosmic microwave background if it were not illuminated by the background quasar or if it were viewed from another direction. C1 [Zeiger, Benjamin; Darling, Jeremy] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Darling, Jeremy] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Lunar Sci Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Zeiger, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM benjamin.zeiger@colorado.edu; jdarling@colorado.edu RI Darling, Jeremy/A-7968-2009 OI Darling, Jeremy/0000-0003-2511-2060 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 1 BP 386 EP 395 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/709/1/386 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 539TY UT WOS:000273282500036 ER PT J AU Chornock, R Bloom, JS Cenko, SB Filippenko, AV Silverman, JM Hicks, MD Lawrence, KJ Mendez, AJ Rafelski, M Wolfe, AM AF Chornock, R. Bloom, J. S. Cenko, S. B. Filippenko, A. V. Silverman, J. M. Hicks, M. D. Lawrence, K. J. Mendez, A. J. Rafelski, M. Wolfe, A. M. TI THE QUASAR SDSS J1536+0441: AN UNUSUAL DOUBLE-PEAKED EMITTER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; quasars: individual (SDSS J153636.22+044127.0) ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLE SYSTEM; BROAD-LINE REGION; EMISSION-LINES; TELESCOPE; J153636.22+044127.0; SPECTROGRAPH; ARP-102B; DISK AB The quasar SDSS J153636.22+044127.0, exhibiting peculiar broad emission-line profiles with multiple components, was proposed as a candidate sub-parsec binary supermassive black hole system. More recently, imaging revealed two spatially distinct sources, leading some to suggest that the system was a quasar pair separated by similar to 5 kpc. We present Palomar and Keck optical spectra of this system from which we identify a third velocity component to the emission lines. We argue that the system is more likely an unusual member of the class of active galactic nuclei known as "double-peaked emitters" than a sub-parsec black hole binary or quasar pair. We find no significant velocity evolution of the two main peaks over the course of 0.95 yr, with a 3 sigma upper limit on any secular change of 70 km s(-1) yr(-1). We also find that the three velocity components of the emission lines are spatially coincident to within 0 ''.015 along the slit, apparently ruling out the double-quasar hypothesis. C1 [Chornock, R.; Bloom, J. S.; Cenko, S. B.; Filippenko, A. V.; Silverman, J. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hicks, M. D.; Lawrence, K. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mendez, A. J.; Rafelski, M.; Wolfe, A. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mendez, A. J.; Rafelski, M.; Wolfe, A. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Chornock, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chornock@astro.berkeley.edu FU W.M. Keck Foundation; Gary and Cynthia Bengier; Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund; National Science Foundation [AST-0607485, AST-0908886.] FX We acknowledge P. Chang, J. Comerford, M. George, M. Modjaz, J. Oishi, E. Quataert, and L. Strubbe for lively conversations during astro-ph coffee, where we first learned of the BL09 publication. We thank J. X. Prochaska and D. Stern for assistance with the observations. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and NASA; it was made possible by the generous financial support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. A.V.F.'s group at UC Berkeley wishes to acknowledge financial support from Gary and Cynthia Bengier, the Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund, and National Science Foundation grants AST-0607485 and AST-0908886. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 1 BP L39 EP L43 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/709/1/L39 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 540DC UT WOS:000273310000007 ER PT J AU Levesque, EM Soderberg, AM Foley, RJ Berger, E Kewley, LJ Chakraborti, S Ray, A Torres, MAP Challis, P Kirshner, RP Barthelmy, SD Bietenholz, MF Chandra, P Chaplin, V Chevalier, RA Chugai, N Connaughton, V Copete, A Fox, O Fransson, C Grindlay, JE Hamuy, MA Milne, PA Pignata, G Stritzinger, MD Wieringa, MH AF Levesque, E. M. Soderberg, A. M. Foley, R. J. Berger, E. Kewley, L. J. Chakraborti, S. Ray, A. Torres, M. A. P. Challis, P. Kirshner, R. P. Barthelmy, S. D. Bietenholz, M. F. Chandra, P. Chaplin, V. Chevalier, R. A. Chugai, N. Connaughton, V. Copete, A. Fox, O. Fransson, C. Grindlay, J. E. Hamuy, M. A. Milne, P. A. Pignata, G. Stritzinger, M. D. Wieringa, M. H. TI THE HIGH-METALLICITY EXPLOSION ENVIRONMENT OF THE RELATIVISTIC SUPERNOVA 2009bb SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: ISM; gamma rays: bursts: general; supernovae: individual (SN 2009bb) ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; MASSIVE STARS; STARBURST GALAXIES; HOST GALAXIES; WOLF-RAYET; EMISSION; RADIO; CLASSIFICATION; PROGENITORS AB We investigate the environment of the nearby (d approximate to 40 Mpc) broad-lined Type Ic supernova (SN) 2009bb. This event was observed to produce a relativistic outflow likely powered by a central accreting compact object. While such a phenomenon was previously observed only in long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs), no LGRB was detected in association with SN 2009bb. Using an optical spectrum of the SN 2009bb explosion site, we determine a variety of interstellar medium properties for the host environment, including metallicity, young stellar population age, and star formation rate. We compare the SN explosion site properties to observations of LGRB and broad-lined SN Ic host environments on optical emission line ratio diagnostic diagrams. Based on these analyses, we find that the SN 2009bb explosion site has a metallicity between 1.7 Z(circle dot) and 3.5 Z(circle dot), in agreement with other broad-lined SN Ic host environments and at odds with the low-redshift LGRB host environments and recently proposed maximum metallicity limits for relativistic explosions. We consider the implications of these findings and the impact that SN 2009bb's unusual explosive properties and environment have on our understanding of the key physical ingredient that enables some SNe to produce a relativistic outflow. C1 [Levesque, E. M.; Kewley, L. J.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Levesque, E. M.; Soderberg, A. M.; Foley, R. J.; Berger, E.; Torres, M. A. P.; Challis, P.; Kirshner, R. P.; Copete, A.; Grindlay, J. E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chakraborti, S.; Ray, A.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. [Barthelmy, S. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bietenholz, M. F.] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Bietenholz, M. F.] Hartebeestehoek Radio Observ, ZA-1740 Krugersdorp, South Africa. [Chandra, P.] Royal Mil Coll Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 784, Canada. [Chaplin, V.; Connaughton, V.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Chevalier, R. A.; Fox, O.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Chugai, N.] RAS, Inst Astron, Moscow 119017, Russia. [Fransson, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Hamuy, M. A.; Pignata, G.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Milne, P. A.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pignata, G.] Univ Andres Bello, Dept Ciencias Fis, Santiago, Chile. [Stritzinger, M. D.] Carnegie Observ, Las Campanas Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Stritzinger, M. D.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Wieringa, M. H.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia. RP Levesque, EM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM emsque@ifa.hawaii.edu RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Hamuy, Mario/G-7541-2016 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; Ford Foundation; NSF EARLY CAREER AWARD [AST07-48559]; NASA; 11th Five Year Plan [11P-409]; NSF; Millennium Center for Supernova Science [P06-045-F]; Comite Mixto ESO-Gobierno de Chile; Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP [15010003]; Center of Excellence in Astrophysics and Associated Technologies [PFB 06]; Proyectos Fondecyt [1060808, 1109421] FX We gratefully acknowledge the hospitality and assistance of the staff at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. GMRT is run by the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. This work made use of the Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. We also include data from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processes and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. E.M.L.'s participation was made possible in part by a Ford Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship. L.J.K. and E. M. L. gratefully acknowledge support by NSF EARLY CAREER AWARD AST07-48559. A. M. S. acknowledges support by NASA through a Hubble Fellowship grant. A.R. and S.C.'s research is part of the 11th Five Year Plan Project No. 11P-409 at TIFR. R. A. C. and R. P. K. acknowledge support through NSF grants. G. P. and M. H. acknowledge support from the Millennium Center for Supernova Science (P06-045-F), Comite Mixto ESO-Gobierno de Chile, Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP (15010003), Center of Excellence in Astrophysics and Associated Technologies (PFB 06) and Proyectos Fondecyt 1060808 and 1109421. NR 49 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2010 VL 709 IS 1 BP L26 EP L31 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/709/1/L26 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 540DC UT WOS:000273310000005 ER PT J AU Zhou, F Moore, AL Pettes, MT Lee, Y Seol, JH Ye, QL Rabenberg, L Shi, L AF Zhou, Feng Moore, Arden L. Pettes, Michael T. Lee, Yong Seol, Jae Hun Ye, Qi Laura Rabenberg, Lew Shi, Li TI Effect of growth base pressure on the thermoelectric properties of indium antimonide nanowires SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; INSB; FIGURE; MERIT; DEPOSITION; POWER; INAS AB We report a study of the effect of the growth base pressure on the thermoelectric (TE) properties of indium antimonide (InSb) nanowires (NWs) synthesized using a vapour-liquid-solid method at different base pressures varying from ambient to high vacuum. A suspended device was used to characterize the TE properties of the NWs, which are zinc-blende structure with < 1 1 0 > growth direction based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization of the same NWs assembled on the suspended device. The obtained Seebeck coefficient is negative, with the magnitude being smaller than the literature bulk values and increasing with decreasing growth base pressure. These results are attributed to the loss of In from the source materials due to oxidation by residual oxygen in the growth environment and the consequent formation of Sb-doped NWs. The electron mobility and lattice thermal conductivity in the NWs are lower than the corresponding bulk values because of both surface scattering and stronger dopant scattering in the Sb-doped NWs. Based on these findings, it is suggested that growth from In-rich source materials can be used to achieve composition stoichiometry in the NWs so as to increase the Seebeck coefficient and TE figure of merit. C1 [Zhou, Feng; Rabenberg, Lew; Shi, Li] Univ Texas Austin, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Moore, Arden L.; Pettes, Michael T.; Lee, Yong; Seol, Jae Hun; Rabenberg, Lew; Shi, Li] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ye, Qi Laura] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Shi, L (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM lishi@mail.utexas.edu RI Shi, Li/C-8123-2013; Pettes, Michael/D-3572-2012; Moore, Arden/G-9227-2014 OI Shi, Li/0000-0002-5401-6839; Pettes, Michael/0000-0001-6862-6841; Moore, Arden/0000-0002-9217-7510 FU Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation FX This work is supported in part by Office of Naval Research (Program Manager: Dr Mihal E Gross) and National Science Foundation (Thermal Transport Processes Program). LS acknowledges helpful discussion with Dr Yi Cui and Dr Jin Song on growth of InSb NWs. The authors thank Professor John Goodenough for suggesting the oxidation of In from the source material as the cause of the n- type doping of the NWs. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JAN 20 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 2 AR 025406 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/43/2/025406 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 535IA UT WOS:000272959500025 ER PT J AU Stumpf, RP Werdell, PJ AF Stumpf, Richard P. Werdell, P. Jeremy TI Adjustment of ocean color sensor calibration through multi-band statistics SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; VICARIOUS CALIBRATION; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; SEAWIFS IMAGERY; FLUORESCENCE; REFLECTANCE; ALGORITHMS; SCATTERING; BLOOMS AB The band-by-band vicarious calibration of on-orbit satellite ocean color instruments, such as SeaWiFS and MODIS, using ground-based measurements has significant residual uncertainties. This paper applies spectral shape and population statistics to tune the calibration of the blue bands against each other to allow examination of the interband calibration and potentially provide an analysis of calibration trends. This adjustment does not require simultaneous matches of ground and satellite observations. The method demonstrates the spectral stability of the SeaWiFS calibration and identifies a drift in the MODIS instrument onboard Aqua that falls within its current calibration uncertainties. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Stumpf, Richard P.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Werdell, P. Jeremy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Stumpf, RP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 1305 EW Highway N-SCI1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM richard.stumpf@noaa.gov RI Werdell, Jeremy/D-8265-2012 FU NASA MODIS Science Team; NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program [NRA-03-OES-02, NNH04-AB40I]; NOAA Integrated Program Office Project FX We thank members of the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group for their valuable comments and members of the MOBY Operations Team for access to MOBY data. Funding support was provided through the NASA MODIS Science Team, the NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program, NRA-03-OES-02, project NNH04-AB40I, and the NOAA Integrated Program Office Project, "Assuring Ocean Color Product Consistency of NPOESS". Initial computations were made by Kip Desch. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 18 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 2 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.1364/OE.18.000401 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 547BP UT WOS:000273860400002 PM 20173860 ER PT J AU Cady, E Kasdin, NJ Shaklan, S AF Cady, Eric Kasdin, N. Jeremy Shaklan, Stuart TI Designing asymmetric and branched petals for planet-finding occulters SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; CORONAGRAPH AB One of the proposed methods for finding small extrasolar planets is through use of an occulter, a spacecraft which flies in formation with a space-based telescope to block the light from a star, while leaving nearby planets unaffected. This is accomplished by placing the occulter far enough from the telescope to give it a small angular size, and by carefully choosing the shape to strongly suppress the starlight at the telescope aperture. For most designs, this shape takes the form of a number of bilaterally-symmetric structures called petals, arrayed about a circular central disk. In this paper, we show that the necessary number of petals may be reduced by the introduction of an asymmetry in the petal shape, and describe a a general procedure for producing such a shape by optimization for any occulter with petals. In addition, we show that permitting openings within each petal allows a number of additional modifications to be made without affecting the suppression. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Cady, Eric; Kasdin, N. Jeremy] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Shaklan, Stuart] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Cady, E (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Olden St, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ecady@princeton.edu FU NASA [NNX08AL58G] FX The authors would like to thank Robert Vanderbei and David Spergel for useful discussions. This work was performed under NASA contract NNX08AL58G, as part of the Astrophysics Strategic Missions Concept Studies (ASMCS) series of exoplanet concept studies. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 18 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 2 BP 523 EP 543 DI 10.1364/OE.18.000523 PG 21 WC Optics SC Optics GA 547BP UT WOS:000273860400014 PM 20173872 ER PT J AU Kounaves, SP Hecht, MH Kapit, J Gospodinova, K DeFlores, L Quinn, RC Boynton, WV Clark, BC Catling, DC Hredzak, P Ming, DW Moore, Q Shusterman, J Stroble, S West, SJ Young, SMM AF Kounaves, S. P. Hecht, M. H. Kapit, J. Gospodinova, K. DeFlores, L. Quinn, R. C. Boynton, W. V. Clark, B. C. Catling, D. C. Hredzak, P. Ming, D. W. Moore, Q. Shusterman, J. Stroble, S. West, S. J. Young, S. M. M. TI Wet Chemistry experiments on the 2007 Phoenix Mars Scout Lander mission: Data analysis and results SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARTIAN SOIL; LANDING SITE; ASSEMBLAGES AB Chemical analyses of three Martian soil samples were performed using the Wet Chemistry Laboratories on the 2007 Phoenix Mars Scout Lander. One soil sample was obtained from the top similar to 2 cm (Rosy Red) and two were obtained at similar to 5 cm depth from the ice table interface (Sorceress 1 and Sorceress 2). When mixed with water in a similar to 1:25 soil to solution ratio (by volume), a portion of the soil components solvated. Ion concentrations were measured using an array of ion selective electrodes and solution conductivity using a conductivity cell. The measured concentrations represent the minimum leachable ions in the soil and do not take into account species remaining in the soil. Described is the data processing and analysis for determining concentrations of seven ionic species directly measured in the soil/solution mixture. There were no significant differences in concentrations, pH, or conductivity, between the three samples. Using laboratory experiments, refinement of the surface calibrations, and modeling, we have determined a pH for the soil solution of 7.7(+/-0.3), under prevalent conditions, carbonate buffering, and P-CO2 in the cell headspace. Perchlorate was the dominant anion in solution with a concentration for Rosy Red of 2.7(+/-1) mM. Equilibrium modeling indicates that measured [Ca2+] at 0.56(+/-0.5) mM and [Mg2+] at 2.9(+/-1.5) mM, are consistent with carbonate equilibrium for a saturated solution. The [Na+] and [K+] were 1.4(+/-0.6), and 0.36(+/-0.3) mM, respectively. Results indicate that the leached portion of soils at the Phoenix landing site are slightly alkaline and dominated by carbonate and perchlorate. However, it should be noted that there is a 5-15 mM discrepancy between measured ions and conductivity and another species may be present. C1 [Kounaves, S. P.; Kapit, J.; Gospodinova, K.; Hredzak, P.; Moore, Q.; Shusterman, J.; Stroble, S.; Young, S. M. M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Chem, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Boynton, W. V.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Catling, D. C.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Clark, B. C.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Hecht, M. H.; DeFlores, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ming, D. W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Quinn, R. C.] SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [West, S. J.] Invensys Proc Syst, Foxboro, MA 02035 USA. [Quinn, R. C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Catling, D. C.] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. RP Kounaves, SP (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Chem, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RI Catling, David/D-2082-2009; OI Catling, David/0000-0001-5646-120X; Kounaves, Samuel/0000-0002-2629-4831 NR 21 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN 16 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E00E10 DI 10.1029/2009JE003424 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 545KU UT WOS:000273731800001 ER PT J AU Smith, SM Baumgardner, J Mertens, CJ Russell, JM Mlynczak, MG Mendillo, M AF Smith, S. M. Baumgardner, J. Mertens, C. J. Russell, J. M. Mlynczak, M. G. Mendillo, M. TI Mesospheric OH temperatures: Simultaneous ground-based and SABER OH measurements over Millstone Hill SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mesosphere; Hydroxyl; Nightglow; Temperatures; Spectrograph; Satellite ID ROTATIONAL TEMPERATURES; AIRGLOW; OSCILLATIONS; EARTH AB We present rotational temperature measurements of the mesospheric OH emission layer using a meridional imaging spectrograph at Millstone Hill (42.6 degrees N, 72.5 degrees W). The system is equipped with a state-of-the-art bare-CCD detector and can yield simultaneous quasi-meridional images of the mesospheric OH and O(2) intensity and temperature fields at 87 and 94 kin altitude during the course of each night. A cross-validation study of the rotational OH temperature measurements obtained on 61 nights during the autumnal months of 2005-2007 was undertaken with near-simultaneous kinetic temperature measurements made by the SABER instrument aboard the NASA TIMED satellite during overpasses of Millstone Hill. Excellent agreement was obtained between the two datasets with the small differences being attributable to differences in the spatial and temporal averaging inherent between the two datasets. (C) 2009 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, S. M.; Baumgardner, J.; Mendillo, M.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Mertens, C. J.; Mlynczak, M. G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Russell, J. M.] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Smith, SM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM smsm@bu.edu RI Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; Mendillo, Michael /H-4397-2014 FU NSF [ATM-0123064, ATM-0322875]; NASA FX This study was supported by the NSF CEDAR program under Grant ATM-0123064 and the NSF Aeronomy Program under Grant ATM-0322875. S.M.S., J.B. and M.M. would like to thank the director and staff at the MIT Haystack Observatory for their continued support for our observation program. M.G.M. acknowledges the support of the SABER project from the NASA Science Mission Directorate and the NASA Langley Science Directorate. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 45 IS 2 BP 239 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2009.09.022 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 555JY UT WOS:000274508000003 ER PT J AU Dansby-Sparks, RN Jin, J Mechery, SJ Sampathkumaran, U Owen, TW Yu, BD Goswami, K Hong, KL Grant, J Xue, ZL AF Dansby-Sparks, Royce N. Jin, Jun Mechery, Shelly J. Sampathkumaran, Uma Owen, Thomas William Yu, Bi Dan Goswami, Kisholoy Hong, Kunlun Grant, Joseph Xue, Zi-Ling TI Fluorescent-Dye-Doped Sol-Gel Sensor for Highly Sensitive Carbon Dioxide Gas Detection below Atmospheric Concentrations SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FILM SENSORS; CO2; OXYGEN; ICE; AIR AB Optical fluorescence sol-gel sensors have been developed for the detection of carbon dioxide gas in the 0.03-30% range with a detection limit of 0.008% (or 80 ppm) and a quantitation limit of 0.02% (or 200 ppm) CO2. Sol-gels were spin-coated on glass slides to create an organically modified silica-doped matrix with the 1-hydroxypyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonate (HPTS) fluorescent indicator. The luminescence intensity of the HPTS indicator (513 nm) is quenched by CO2, which protonates the anionic form of HPTS. An ion pair technique was used to incorporate the lipophilic dye into the hydrophilic sol-gel matrix. TiO2 particles (<5 mu m diameter) were added to induce Mie scattering and increase the incident light interaction with the sensing film, thus increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. Moisture-proof overcoatings have been used to maintain a constant level of water inside the sensor films. The optical sensors are inexpensive to prepare and can be easily coupled to fiber optics for remote sensing capabilities. A fiber-optic bundle was used for the gas detection and shown to work as part of a multianalyte platform for simultaneous detection of multiple analytes. The studies reported here resulted in the development of sol-gel optical fluorescent sensors for CO2 gas with sensitivity below that in the atmosphere (ca. 387 ppm). These sensors are a complementary approach to current FT-IR measurements for real-time carbon dioxide detection in environmental applications. C1 [Mechery, Shelly J.; Sampathkumaran, Uma; Owen, Thomas William; Yu, Bi Dan; Goswami, Kisholoy] InnoSense LLC, Torrance, CA 90505 USA. [Dansby-Sparks, Royce N.; Jin, Jun; Xue, Zi-Ling] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Grant, Joseph] NASA, Div Sci & Technol, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sampathkumaran, U (reprint author), InnoSense LLC, 2531 W 237th St,Suite 127, Torrance, CA 90505 USA. RI Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 FU NASA SBIR [07-1 T9.01-9883]; Chinese Government Scholarship Program; Hilton A. Smith Graduate Fellowship Program; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department. of Energy FX This work was supported under an STTR proposal to the NASA SBIR (Grant 07-1 T9.01-9883) and by the Chinese Government Scholarship Program (J.J.) and Hilton A. Smith Graduate Fellowship Program (R.N.D.-S.). The work (SEM and film thickness measurements) at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We are thankful to Joe Horton, Dale Hensley, and David Joy (CNMS) for expert assistance in obtaining SEM images and Deepak Bhandari (The University of Tennessee, Knoxville) for help in obtaining film thickness measurements by noncontact profilometry. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 2 BP 593 EP 600 DI 10.1021/ac901890r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 542HR UT WOS:000273484200022 PM 20038093 ER PT J AU Dietrich, R Ivins, ER Casassa, G Lange, H Wendt, J Fritsche, M AF Dietrich, R. Ivins, E. R. Casassa, G. Lange, H. Wendt, J. Fritsche, M. TI Rapid crustal uplift in Patagonia due to enhanced ice loss SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE glacial isostatic adjustment; crustal uplift; Southern Patagonia Icefield; climate change; Little Ice Age; GPS geodesy ID GLACIAL-ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT; SOUTHERN SOUTH-AMERICA; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; OUTLET GLACIERS; GPS; VISCOSITY; HOLOCENE; FLUCTUATIONS; ICEFIELDS; ICELAND AB A vertical crustal uplift rate of 39 mm yr(-1) is measured between 2003 and 2006 using Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements at the northeastern edge of the Southern Patagonia Icefield (SPI). This is the largest present-day glacial isostatic rate ever recorded. The combination of SPI's rapid melting and the unique regional slab-window tectonics that promotes a relatively low viscosity, is central to our interpretation of the observations. The two effects lead to a strong interaction of short relaxation times with ice loads that change on a comparable time scale. The profile of GPS observations link ice loss to the soft viscoelastic isostatic flow response over the time scale of the Little Ice Age (LIA), including ice loss in the period of observation. The agreement of the results with our model predictions strongly suggests the large crustal uplift in Patagonia is due an accelerated glacier wasting since the termination of the LIA and that the effective regional mantle viscosity is near 4.0-8.0 x 10(18) Pa s. A century-long diminution of the icefields, at rates that are about 1/4 - 1/2 the contemporary loss rates, is consistent with multidecadal-scale temperature trends estimated for the past 50-100 years and is, in fact, a key feature in any model capable of explaining the uplift data. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dietrich, R.; Fritsche, M.] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Planetare Geodasie, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Ivins, E. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Casassa, G.; Wendt, J.] Ctr Estudios Cient, Valdivia, Chile. [Lange, H.] TERRASAT SA, Santiago, Chile. RP Dietrich, R (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Planetare Geodasie, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. EM dietrich@ipg.geo.tu-dresden.de RI Ivins, Erik/C-2416-2011 FU International Bureau of the BMBF (Germany); Chilean Government; Centers of Excellence Base Financing Program of Conicyt; Antofagasta Minerals; Arauco; Empresas CMPC; Indura; Naviera Ultragas; Telefonica del Sur; NASA FX This research was supported by the International Bureau of the BMBF (Germany). The Centro de Estudios Cientificos (CECS) is funded by the Chilean Government through the Millennium Science Initiative and the Centers of Excellence Base Financing Program of Conicyt. CECS is also supported by a group of private companies which at present includes Antofagasta Minerals, Arauco, Empresas CMPC, Indura, Naviera Ultragas and Telefonica del Sur. Part of this research was supported by NASA's Earth Surface and Interior Focus Area, and conducted at the jet Propulsion Laboratory, California institute of Technology. In the field Anja Wendt and Andres Rivera (both from CECS) provided valuable collaboration, and Hans Silva contributed with logistics. The support of the motor boat Soberania (Captain Pirincho and crew) and the ferry boat Integracion (and crew from the Ministry of Public Works) is acknowledged. NR 48 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 289 IS 1-2 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.10.021 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 551AU UT WOS:000274178000003 ER PT J AU Malone, JL Castro, MC Hall, CM Doran, PT Kenig, F Mckay, CP AF Malone, Jessica L. Castro, M. Clara Hall, Chris M. Doran, Peter T. Kenig, Fabien Mckay, Chris P. TI New insights into the origin and evolution of Lake Vida, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica - A noble gas study in ice and brines SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Lake Vida; McMurdo Dry Valleys; Antarctica; noble gases; three-phase partitioning model ID TAYLOR VALLEY; WATER CIRCULATION; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; NATURAL TRACERS; DISSOLVED-GAS; PARIS BASIN; HELIUM; BONNEY; FLUIDS; MODEL AB Unlike other lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, Lake Vida has a thick (similar to 19 m) ice cover sealing a liquid brine body of unusually high salinity (similar to 245 g/L) from the atmosphere. To constrain the conditions under which the atypical Lake Vida ice cover formed and evolved, 19 ice samples were collected down to a depth of similar to 14 m, together with three brine samples trapped in the ice at similar to 16 m for analysis of helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon concentrations. The broad pattern of noble gas concentrations for Lake Vida samples is fundamentally different from that of air saturated water (ASW) at 0 degrees C and an elevation of 340 m for salinities of 0 (ice) and 245 g/L (brine). Overall, ice samples are enriched in He and depleted in Ne with saturation relative to ASW averages of 1.38 and 0.82, respectively, and strongly depleted in Ar, Kr, and Xe with relative saturations of 0.10, 0.06, and 0.05, respectively. By contrast, brine samples are generally depleted in He and Ne (relative saturation averages of 0.33 and 0.27, respectively) but enriched in Ar, Kr, and Xe, with relative saturation averages of 1.45, 3.15, and 8.86, respectively. A three-phase freezing partitioning model generating brine, ice and bubble concentrations for all stable noble gases was tested and compared with our data. Measured brine values are best reproduced for a salinity value of 175 g/L, a pressure of 1.1 atm, and a bubble volume of 20 cm(3) kg(-1). Sensitivity tests for ice + bubble samples show an ideal fit for bubble volumes of similar to 1-2 cm(3) kg(-1). Our results show that the conditions under which ice and brine formed and evolved at Lake Vida are significantly different from other ice-covered lakes in the area. Our brine data suggest that Lake Vida may be transitioning from a wet to a dry-based lake, while the ice + bubble data suggest at least partial re-equilibration of residual liquid with the atmosphere as ice forms at the top of Lake Vida ice cover. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Malone, Jessica L.; Castro, M. Clara; Hall, Chris M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Doran, Peter T.; Kenig, Fabien] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Mckay, Chris P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Malone, JL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, 1100 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM maloneje@umich.edu; mccastro@umich.edu; cmhall@umich.edu; pdoran@uic.edu; fkenig@uic.edu; cmckay@mail.arc.nasa.gov RI Kenig, Fabien/A-4961-2008; OI Kenig, Fabien/0000-0003-4868-5232 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0545071] FX The authors thank Dr. P. Delaney for the editorial handling of this manuscript as well as Dr. M. van Soest and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful and constructive comments. Financial support by the National Science Foundation CAREER award EAR-0545071 is greatly appreciated. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 289 IS 1-2 BP 112 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.10.034 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 551AU UT WOS:000274178000011 ER PT J AU van Acken, D Becker, H Walker, RJ McDonough, WF Wombacher, F Ash, RD Piccoli, PM AF van Acken, David Becker, Harry Walker, Richard J. McDonough, William F. Wombacher, Frank Ash, Richard D. Piccoli, Phil M. TI Formation of pyroxenite layers in the Totalp ultramafic, massif (Swiss Alps) - Insights from highly siderophile elements and Os isotopes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review ID PLATINUM-GROUP ELEMENTS; MONOSULFIDE SOLID-SOLUTION; BOUSERA PERIDOTITE MASSIF; CORE-MANTLE INTERACTION; MIDOCEAN RIDGE BASALTS; RHENIUM-OSMIUM ISOTOPE; ALPINE-TYPE PERIDOTITE; POOR RIFTED MARGIN; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; RE-OS AB Pyroxenitic layers are a minor constituent of ultramafic mantle massifs, but are considered important for basalt generation and mantle refertilization. Mafic spinel websterite and garnet-spinel clinopyroxenite layers within Jurassic ocean floor peridotites from the Totalp ultramafic massif (eastern Swiss Alps) were analyzed for their highly siderophile element (HSE) and Os isotope composition. Aluminum-poor pyroxenites (websterites) display chondritic to suprachondritic initial gamma(Os) (160 Ma) of -2 to +27. Osmium, Ir and Ru. abundances are depleted in websterites relative to the associated peridotites and to mantle lherzolites worldwide, but relative abundances (Os/Ir, Ru/Ir) are similar. Conversely, Pt/Ir, Pd/Ir and Re/Ir are elevated. Aluminum-rich pyroxenites (clinopyroxenites) are characterized by highly radiogenic (187)Os/(188)Os with initial gamma(Os) (160 Ma) between +20 and +1700. Their HSE composition is similar to that of basalts, as they are more depleted in Os, Ir and Ru compared to Totalp websterites, along with even higher Pt/Ir, Pd/Ir and Re/Ir. The data are most consistent with multiple episodes of reaction of mafic pyroxenite precursor melts with surrounding peridotites, with the highest degree of interaction recorded in the websterites, which typically occur in direct contact to peridotites. Clinopyroxenites, in contrast, represent melt-dominated systems, which retained the precursor melt characteristics to a large extent. The melts may have been derived from a sublithospheric mantle source with high Pd/Ir, Pt/Ir and Re/Os, coupled with highly radiogenic (187)Os/(188)Os compositions. Modeling indicates that partial melting of subducted, old oceanic crust in the asthenosphere could be a possible source for such melts. Pentlandite and godlevskite are identified in both types of pyroxenites as the predominant sulfide minerals and HSE carriers. Heterogeneous HSE abundances within these sulfide grains likely reflect subsolidus processes. In contrast, large grain-to-grain variations, and correlated variations of HSE ratios, indicate chemical disequilibrium under high-temperature conditions. This likely reflects multiple events of melt-rock interaction and sulfide precipitation. Notably, sulfides from the same thick section for the pyroxenites may display both residual-peridotite and melt-like HSE signatures. Because Totalp pyroxenites are enriched in Pt and Re, and depleted in Os, they will develop excess radiogenic (187)Os and (186)Os, compared to ambient mantle. These enrichments, however, do not possess the requisite Pt-Re-Os composition to account for the coupled suprachondritic (186)Os-(187)Os signatures observed in some Hawaiian picrites, Gorgona komatiites, or the Siberian plume. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [van Acken, David; Becker, Harry; Wombacher, Frank] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Wissensch, AB Geochem, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. [van Acken, David; Walker, Richard J.; McDonough, William F.; Ash, Richard D.; Piccoli, Phil M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP van Acken, D (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy,MS KR,B31, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM david.vanacken@nasa.gov RI McDonough, William/C-4791-2009; Walker, Richard/K-6869-2016; McDonough, William/I-7720-2012 OI McDonough, William/0000-0001-9154-3673; Walker, Richard/0000-0003-0348-2407; McDonough, William/0000-0001-9154-3673 FU NSF [EAR 0309810, EAR 0739006]; Freie Universitat Berlin FX We thank C. Behr, M. Feth, H. Frohna-Binder, A. Gottsche, K. Hammerschmidt, W. Michaelis, R. Milke, R. Naumann, B. Pracejus and I. Puchtel for technical assistance. Sulfur analyses at the University of Leicester were provided by the late Dr. T.S. Brewer. The electron microprobe analyses were performed in the NispLab and we acknowledge the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab. Discussions with J.-P. Lorand, SJ. Barnes, V. Le Roux, A.J.V. Riches and O. Muntener are gratefully acknowledged. We thank Chris Dale, Olivier Alard, an anonymous reviewer and Mark Rehkiimper (associate editor) for comments and editorial handling which significantly improved the manuscript. This work was partly funded by NSF Grant EAR 0309810 to H.B. and RJW. and EAR 0739006 to W.F.M. and funds from the Freie Universitat Berlin. NR 150 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 661 EP 683 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2009.10.007 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 540IT UT WOS:000273325500018 ER PT J AU Bridges, NT Razdan, A Yin, XT Greeley, R Ali, S Kushunapally, R AF Bridges, Nathan T. Razdan, Anshuman Yin, Xuetao Greeley, Ronald Ali, Saif Kushunapally, Rakesh TI Quantification of shape and texture for wind abrasion studies: Proof of concept using analog targets SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Abrasion; Wind erosion; Ventifacts; Texture ID LANDING SITE; MARS; VENTIFACTS; FIELD; SAND AB The surface topology, surface area, and volume of rock simulant targets abraded in a boundary layer wind tunnel are quantified using results from a laser scanner with a spatial resolution of similar to 300 mu m, an order of magnitude improvement over previous measurement techniques. Laplacian smoothing enables delineation of topography at even finer scale. The surface area to volume ratio generally increases at a rate greater than log (2/3), indicating roughening with time. Sub-millimeter- to millimeter-scale changes provide information on the relationships between natural abrasion and the resulting textures. Pit size frequency statistics reflect a balance between pit production from fresh impacts and net loss when two or more pits merge into a single pit. Most targets show a rollover in curves, whereby the number of pits smaller than a few hundred mu m in size decrease with continuing abrasion whereas the abundance of larger pits increases. This is evidence that smaller pits merge into larger ones over time. There is a weak correspondence between elongation and diameter, with larger pits tending to have a more elliptical shape, especially among more abraded samples. For angled front faces and with increasing abrasion, pits tend to dig into the targets at an angle greater than that of the facet. Most facets have a greater fraction of elongated pits aligned downwind at the conclusion of abrasion compared to the start, with variable trends at intermediate stages. Profiles of layered targets show a progressive retreat of the front face, with angled targets developing stair-stepped topography, with 60 angles showing the greatest development and 30 the least. Natural abraded rocks in terrestrial desert environments and probably on Mars show many of the textural characteristics documented in the wind tunnel rock simulants. Correlation of these parameters promises to provide information on integrated abrasion duration, offering a new tool for constraining weathering history on Earth and Mars. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bridges, Nathan T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Greeley, Ronald] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Bridges, NT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 183-501,Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM nathan.bridges@jpl.nasa.gov; razdan@asu.edu; yinxuetao@gmail.com; greeley@asu.edu; saifali@gmail.com; rkushunapa@pdi.com RI Bridges, Nathan/D-6341-2016 FU NASA; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Reviews by D. Radies and an anonymous reviewer improved this paper. We appreciate the hard work of E.E. Eddlemon, who made the abrasion targets and performed some pilot studies of their abrasion using the Mars Surface Wind Tunnel in the Planetary Aeolian Laboratory at Ames Research Center. L.D. Neakrase helped run the abrasion experiments at the Arizona State University Wind Tunnel. D. Addleman and the staff of Cyberware Inc. provided technical information on laser scanners and provided the template for Fig. 3. This research was supported by a grant from NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program. The research described in this paper was carried out at the jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 3 BP 213 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.07.002 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 537KA UT WOS:000273110600009 ER PT J AU Soibel, A Wright, MW Farr, WH Keo, SA Hill, CJ Yang, RQ Liu, HC AF Soibel, Alexander Wright, Malcolm W. Farr, William H. Keo, Sam A. Hill, Cory J. Yang, Rui Q. Liu, H. C. TI Midinfrared Interband Cascade Laser for Free Space Optical Communication SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Optical communication; semiconductor lasers AB A free space optical (FSO) link utilizing midinfrared (mid-IR) interband cascade lasers has been demonstrated in the 3- to 5-mu m atmospheric transmission window with data rates up to 70 Mb/s and bit-error rate (BER) less than 10(-8). The performance of the mid-IR FSO link has been compared with the performance of a near-IR link under various fog conditions using an indoor communication testbed. These experiments demonstrated the lower attenuation and scintillation advantages of a mid-IR FSO link. C1 [Soibel, Alexander; Wright, Malcolm W.; Farr, William H.; Keo, Sam A.; Hill, Cory J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Yang, Rui Q.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Liu, H. C.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Soibel, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM asoibel@jpl.nasa.gov; Malcolm.W.Wright@jpl.nasa.gov; William.H.Farr@jpl.nasa.gov; Sam.A.Keo@jpl.nasa.gov; cory.j.hill@jpl.nasa.gov; rui.q.yang@ou.edu; h.c.liu@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca RI Soibel, Alexander/A-1313-2007 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 2 BP 121 EP 123 DI 10.1109/LPT.2009.2036449 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 543HV UT WOS:000273566000009 ER PT J AU Sizemore, HG Mellon, MT Searls, ML Lemmon, MT Zent, AP Heet, TL Arvidson, RE Blaney, DL Keller, HU AF Sizemore, H. G. Mellon, M. T. Searls, M. L. Lemmon, M. T. Zent, A. P. Heet, T. L. Arvidson, R. E. Blaney, D. L. Keller, H. U. TI In situ analysis of ice table depth variations in the vicinity of small rocks at the Phoenix landing site SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARTIAN GROUND-ICE; THERMAL INERTIA; MARS; STABILITY; HETEROGENEITY; VARIABILITY; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE AB Prior to the Phoenix mission, ice stability simulations predicted that surface rocks at the landing site would produce depressions in the ice table (the boundary between dry and ice-cemented soil) if ground ice at the site were in diffusive equilibrium with atmospheric water vapor. We use stereo images and digital elevation models to investigate variations in the depth of the ice table near two decimeter-scale rocks at the Phoenix landing site and compare the observed depth variations to ice stability simulations. We find that ice table depth variations observed near rocks at the landing site are consistent with our theoretical predictions. Based on our results we conclude that: 1) Water transport in the near-surface regolith occurs primarily via vapor diffusion; 2) Environmental conditions in which water transport is dominated by diffusion have been persistent at the landing site for 100s to 1000s of years or longer; that is, ground ice is in diffusive equilibrium with atmospheric water vapor; and 3) In diffusive equilibrium, thermal stability dictates the depth of the ice table on horizontal length scales as small as centimeters. C1 [Sizemore, H. G.; Mellon, M. T.; Searls, M. L.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Heet, T. L.; Arvidson, R. E.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Blaney, D. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Keller, H. U.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Lemmon, M. T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zent, A. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Sizemore, HG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM hanna.sizemore@colorado.edu RI Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016 OI Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136; FU NASA [NNX08AE33G] FX The ice stability modeling reported here was supported by NASA through grant NNX08AE33G. We are grateful to two anonymous referees for their detailed and constructive reviews. We would also like to thank the Phoenix spacecraft for living through the primary mission and allowing us to dig a hole under a rock. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E00E09 DI 10.1029/2009JE003414 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 545KQ UT WOS:000273731400001 ER PT J AU Vaughan, RG Keszthelyi, LP Davies, AG Schneider, DJ Jaworowski, C Heasler, H AF Vaughan, R. Greg Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. Davies, Ashley G. Schneider, David J. Jaworowski, Cheryl Heasler, Henry TI Exploring the limits of identifying sub-pixel thermal features using ASTER TIR data SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE volcano remote sensing; thermal features; sub-pixel thermal mixing; ASTER thermal infrared ID REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; MOUNT EREBUS VOLCANO; INFRARED BANDS; ETNA ERUPTION; LAVA LAKE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; LASCAR VOLCANO; LANDSAT-7 ETM+; REMOTE; ANTARCTICA AB Understanding the characteristics of volcanic thermal emissions and how they change with time is important for forecasting and monitoring volcanic activity and potential hazards. Satellite instruments view volcanic thermal features across the globe at various temporal and spatial resolutions. Thermal features that may be a precursor to a major eruption, or indicative of important changes in an on-going eruption can be subtle, making them challenging to reliably identify with satellite instruments. The goal of this study was to explore the limits of the types and magnitudes of thermal anomalies that could be detected using satellite thermal infrared (TIR) data. Specifically, the characterization of sub-pixel thermal features with a wide range of temperatures is considered using ASTER multispectral TIR data. First, theoretical calculations were made to define a "thermal mixing detection threshold" for ASTER, which quantifies the limits of ASTER's ability to resolve sub-pixel thermal mixing over a range of hot target temperatures and % pixel areas. Then, ASTER TIR data were used to model sub-pixel thermal features at the Yellowstone National Park geothermal area (hot spring pools with temperatures from 40 to 90 degrees C) and at Mount Erebus Volcano, Antarctica (an active lava lake with temperatures from 200 to 800 degrees C). Finally, various sources of uncertainty in sub-pixel thermal calculations were quantified for these empirical measurements, including pixel resampling, atmospheric correction, and background temperature and emissivity assumptions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vaughan, R. Greg; Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Davies, Ashley G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Schneider, David J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. [Jaworowski, Cheryl; Heasler, Henry] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY USA. RP Vaughan, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM gvaughan@usgs.gov FU USGS Flagstaff Science Center FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the USGS Flagstaff Science Center as part of the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Program. The authors would like to thank Chris Okubo, Robin Fergason, Mike Ramsey, and one anonymous reviewer for their very helpful and constructive reviews of this manuscript. NR 60 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 189 IS 3-4 BP 225 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.11.010 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 561ON UT WOS:000274987500002 ER PT J AU Manca, GM Vallisneri, M AF Manca, Gian Mario Vallisneri, Michele TI Cover art: Issues in the metric-guided and metric-less placement of random and stochastic template banks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GRAVITATIONAL-WAVES; COALESCING BINARIES; COMPACT BINARIES; PARAMETER SPACE; CHOICE; SEARCHES; FILTERS AB The efficient placement of signal templates in source-parameter space is a crucial requisite for exhaustive matched-filtering searches of modeled gravitational-wave sources, as well as other searches based on more general detection statistics. Unfortunately, the current placement algorithms based on regular parameter-space meshes are difficult to generalize beyond simple signal models with few parameters. Various authors have suggested that a general, flexible, yet efficient alternative can be found in randomized placement strategies such as random placement and stochastic placement, which enhances random placement by selectively rejecting templates that are too close to others. In this article we explore several theoretical and practical issues in randomized placement: the size and performance of the resulting template banks; the very general, purely geometric effects of parameter-space boundaries; the use of quasirandom (self-avoiding) number sequences; most important, the implementation of these algorithms in curved signal manifolds with and without the use of a Riemannian signal metric, which may be difficult to obtain. Specifically, we show how the metric can be replaced with a discrete triangulation-based representation of local geometry. We argue that the broad class of randomized placement algorithms offers a promising answer to many search problems, but that the specific choice of a scheme and its implementation details will still need to be fine-tuned separately for each problem. C1 [Manca, Gian Mario; Vallisneri, Michele] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Manca, GM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We are grateful to B. Allen, S. Babak, D. A. Brown, T. Creighton, I. W. Harry, B. Krishnan, C. Messenger, B. J. Owen, I. Pinto, R. Prix, and B. S. Sathyaprakash for useful discussions. G. M. M. gratefully acknowledges support from the NASA postdoctoral program administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities; M. V. from JPL's HRDF and RTD programs. This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Copyright 2009 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 AR 024004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.024004 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 562QS UT WOS:000275068900052 ER PT J AU Young, AP Knysh, S Smelyanskiy, VN AF Young, A. P. Knysh, S. Smelyanskiy, V. N. TI First-Order Phase Transition in the Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-GLASS; MODEL AB We simulate the quantum adiabatic algorithm (QAA) for the exact cover problem for sizes up to N = 256 using quantum Monte Carlo simulations incorporating parallel tempering. At large N, we find that some instances have a discontinuous (first-order) quantum phase transition during the evolution of the QAA. This fraction increases with increasing N and may tend to 1 for N -> 1. C1 [Young, A. P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Knysh, S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ELORET Corp, MS 229, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Smelyanskiy, V. N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 269 3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Young, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. FU National Security Agency (NSA) under Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-09-10391]; Committee on Research at UCSC; National Security Agency's Laboratory of Physics Sciences; NASA Ames NAS Supercomputing Center FX We thank Eddie Farhi, Florent Krzakala, Boris Altshuler, and Mike Moore for helpful discussions and correspondence. The work of A. P. Y. is supported in part by the National Security Agency (NSA) under Army Research Office (ARO) contract number W911NF-09-10391, and by a Special Research Grant from the Committee on Research at UCSC. The work of S. K. and V. N. S. is supported by National Security Agency's Laboratory of Physics Sciences and the NASA Ames NAS Supercomputing Center. We are grateful to Andre Petukhov for generously allowing us a to use the Gamow computer cluster at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. NR 18 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 2 AR 020502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.020502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 548XK UT WOS:000274002900004 PM 20366577 ER PT J AU Friedl, MA Sulla-Menashe, D Tan, B Schneider, A Ramankutty, N Sibley, A Huang, XM AF Friedl, Mark A. Sulla-Menashe, Damien Tan, Bin Schneider, Annemarie Ramankutty, Navin Sibley, Adam Huang, Xiaoman TI MODIS Collection 5 global land cover: Algorithm refinements and characterization of new datasets SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Global land cover; MODIS; Classification ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; AVHRR DATA; EOS-MODIS; CLASSIFICATION; VEGETATION; PRODUCTS; CLIMATE; DATABASE; DISCOVER AB Information related to land cover is immensely important to global change science. In the past decade, data sources and methodologies for creating global land cover maps from remote sensing have evolved rapidly. Here we describe the datasets and algorithms used to create the Collection 5 MODIS Global Land Cover Type product, which is substantially changed relative to Collection 4. In addition to using updated input data, the algorithm and ancillary datasets used to produce the product have been refined. Most importantly, the Collection 5 product is generated at 500-m spatial resolution, providing a four-fold increase in spatial resolution relative to the previous version. In addition, many components of the classification algorithm have been changed. The training site database has been revised, land surface temperature is now included as an input feature. and ancillary datasets used in post-processing of ensemble decision tree results have been updated. Further, methods used to correct classifier results for bias imposed by training data properties have been refined, techniques used to fuse ancillary data based on spatially varying prior probabilities have been revised, and a variety of methods have been developed to address limitations of the algorithm for the urban, wetland, and deciduous needleleaf classes. Finally, techniques used to stabilize classification results across years have been developed and implemented to reduce year-to-year variation in land cover labels not associated with land cover change. Results from a cross-validation analysis indicate that the overall accuracy of the product is about 75% correctly classified, but that the range in class-specific accuracies is large. Comparison of Collection 5 maps with Collection 4 results show substantial differences arising from increased spatial resolution and changes in the input data and classification algorithm. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Friedl, Mark A.; Sulla-Menashe, Damien; Sibley, Adam; Huang, Xiaoman] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Tan, Bin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Resources Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schneider, Annemarie] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Ramankutty, Navin] Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Ramankutty, Navin] Program Earth Syst Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. RP Friedl, MA (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, 675 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM friedl@bu.edu RI Tan, Bin/G-1331-2012; OI Sulla-Menashe, Damien/0000-0002-0435-6114; Ramankutty, Navin/0000-0002-3737-5717 FU NASA Cooperative Agreement [NNX08AE61A] FX The research described in this paper was supported by NASA Cooperative Agreement Number NNX08AE61A. The authors also thank the many individuals who have contributed to this effort over the years. We also thank Steve Stehman for informal and helpful discussions related to accuracy assessment. NR 57 TC 727 Z9 774 U1 25 U2 237 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 1 BP 168 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.016 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 518JY UT WOS:000271688700013 ER PT J AU Huang, CQ Coward, SN Masek, JG Thomas, N Zhu, ZL Vogelmann, JE AF Huang, Chengquan Coward, Samuel N. Masek, Jeffrey G. Thomas, Nancy Zhu, Zhiliang Vogelmann, James E. TI An automated approach for reconstructing recent forest disturbance history using dense Landsat time series stacks SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat time series stacks (LTSS); Vegetation change tracker (VCT); Forest z-score (FZ); Integrated forest z-score (IFZ) ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; TERM ACQUISITION PLAN; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; WESTERN OREGON; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; CLOUD DETECTION; TASSELED CAP; COVER DATA AB A highly automated algorithm called vegetation change tracker (VCT) has been developed for reconstructing recent forest disturbance history using Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). This algorithm is based on the spectral-temporal properties of land cover and forest change processes, and requires little or no fine tuning for most forests with closed or near close canopy cover. It was found very efficient, taking 2-3 h on average to analyze an LTSS consisting of 12 or more Landsat images using an average desktop PC. This LTSS-VCT approach has been used to examine disturbance patterns with a biennial temporal interval from 1984 to 2006 for many locations across the conterminous U.S. Accuracy assessment over 6 validation sites revealed that overall accuracies of around 80% were achieved for disturbances mapped at individual year level. Average user's and producer's accuracies of the disturbance classes were around 70% and 60% in 5 of the 6 sites, respectively, suggesting that although forest disturbances were typically rare as compared with nochange classes, on average the VCT detected more than half of those disturbances with relatively low levels of false alarms. Field assessment revealed that VCT was able to detect most stand clearing disturbance events, including harvest, fire, and urban development, while some non-stand clearing events such as thinning and selective logging were also mapped in western U.S. The applicability of the LTSS-VCT approach depends on the availability of a temporally adequate supply of Landsat imagery. To ensure that forest disturbance records can be developed continuously in the future, it is necessary to plan and develop observational capabilities today that will allow continuous acquisition of frequent Landsat or Landsat-like observations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Chengquan; Coward, Samuel N.; Thomas, Nancy] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Masek, Jeffrey G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Vogelmann, James E.] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Huang, CQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cqhuang@umd.edu RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; OI Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798; Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 FU NASA's Terrestrial Ecology; Carbon Cycle Science; Applied Sciences Programs; U.S. Geological Survey; LANDFIRE; Wildland Fire Leadership Council of the United States FX This study contributes to the North American Carbon Program, with grant support from NASA's Terrestrial Ecology, Carbon Cycle Science, and Applied Sciences Programs. Funding support for developing and validating the VCT algorithm was also provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and the LANDFIRE project, which was sponsored by the intergovernmental Wildland Fire Leadership Council of the United States. High level preprocessing of the Landsat images using the LEDAPS was performed by Teng-Kui Lim of Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI). Donald Chlen, Daniel Steinwand, Jay Kost, and Brian Tolk of USGS/EROS participated in the field trips for validating the derived disturbance products. The authors wish to thank the four anonymous reviewers for their detailed comments, which led to major improvements to the original manuscript. NR 67 TC 269 Z9 288 U1 8 U2 94 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 1 BP 183 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.017 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 518JY UT WOS:000271688700014 ER PT J AU Vogel, MB Des Marais, DJ Parenteau, MN Jahnke, LL Turk, KA Kubo, MDY AF Vogel, Marilyn B. Des Marais, David J. Parenteau, Mary N. Jahnke, Linda L. Turk, Kendra A. Kubo, Michael D. Y. TI Biological influences on modern sulfates: Textures and composition of gypsum deposits from Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gypsum; Sulfates; Biological influence; Sabkha; Biofilm-mineral interactions; Carbonate replacement ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING FORCE MICROSCOPY; DEATH-VALLEY; PRECIPITATION KINETICS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; CRYSTAL MORPHOLOGY; EVAPORITE DEPOSITS; LENTICULAR GYPSUM; GROWTH-INHIBITORS; GALLOCANTA LAKE AB Gypsum (CaSO(4)center dot 2H(2)O) deposits from a range of sedimentary environments at Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico were investigated for microscale texture and composition in order to differentiate features formed under substantial microbial influence from those for which microbial effects were relatively minor or absent. Gypsum deposits were classified according to their sedimentary environment, textures, crystal habit, brine composition and other geochemical factors. The environments studied included subaqueous sediments in anchialine pools and in solar salterns, as well as subsurface sediments of mudflats and saltpans. Gypsum that developed in the apparent absence of biofilms included crystals precipitated in the water column and subsedimentary discs that precipitated from phreatic brines. Subsedimentary gypsum developed in sabkha environments exhibited a sinuous microtexture and poikilitically enclosed detrital particles. Water column precipitates had euhedral prismatic habits and extensive penetrative twinning. Gypsum deposits influenced by biofilms included bottom nucleated crusts and gypsolites developing in anchialine pools and saltern ponds. Gypsum precipitating within benthic biofilms, and in biofilms within subaerial sediment surfaces provided compelling evidence of biological influences on crystal textures and habits. This evidence included irregular, high relief surface textures, accessory minerals (S degrees, Ca-carbonate, Sr/Ca-sulfate and Mg-hydroxide) and distinctive crystal habits such as equant forms and crystals having distorted prism faces. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vogel, Marilyn B.; Turk, Kendra A.; Kubo, Michael D. Y.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Des Marais, David J.; Jahnke, Linda L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrobiol Branch N239 4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Parenteau, Mary N.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NPP, NASA, Astrobiol Branch,ARC, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Vogel, MB (reprint author), SETI Inst, 415 N Whisman Rd, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM Marilyn.B.Vogel@nasa.gov FU NASA Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology; NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI); Oak Ridge Associated Universities NASA Postdoctoral Program FX This work was funded by grants from the NASA Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology program and the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI) to DJD and the Ames Team of the NAL MBV acknowledges support from Oak Ridge Associated Universities NASA Postdoctoral Program. We also thank the staff of the Stanford/U.S.G.S SUMAC facility for microscopy support. F. Mazdab of the U.S. Geological Survey provided helpful feedback on crystallographic descriptions. D. Blake and D. Cardace are thanked for use of and assistance with the Terra XRD/XRF instrument. The manuscript greatly benefitted from reviews by C. Pierre and B.C. Schrieber. NR 84 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 223 IS 3-4 BP 265 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.11.013 PG 16 WC Geology SC Geology GA 561LW UT WOS:000274979800004 ER PT J AU Reed, PA McCluskey, GE Kondo, Y Sahade, J Guinan, EF Gimenez, A Caton, DB Reichart, DE Ivarsen, KM Nysewander, MC AF Reed, Phillip A. McCluskey, George E., Jr. Kondo, Yoji Sahade, Jorge Guinan, Edward F. Gimenez, Alvaro Caton, Daniel B. Reichart, Daniel E. Ivarsen, Kevin M. Nysewander, Melissa C. TI Ultraviolet study of the active interacting binary star R Arae using archival IUE data SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; techniques: spectroscopic; binaries: close; circumstellar matter; stars: evolution; ultraviolet: stars ID CLOSE BINARIES AB The eclipsing and strongly interacting binary star system R Arae (HD 149730) is in a very active and very short-lived stage of its evolution. R Ara consists of a B9V primary and an unknown secondary. We have collected the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) archival data on R Ara, with most of the data being studied for the first time. There are 117 high-resolution IUE spectra taken in 1980, 1982, 1985, 1989 and 1991. We provide photometric and spectroscopic evidence for mass transfer and propose a geometry for the accretion structure. We use colour-scale radial velocity plots to view the complicated behaviour of the blended absorption features and to distinguish the motions of hotter and cooler regions within the system. We observed a primary eclipse of R Ara in 2008 and have verified that its period is increasing. A model of the system and its evolutionary status is presented. C1 [Reed, Phillip A.] Kutztown State Univ, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. [Reed, Phillip A.; McCluskey, George E., Jr.] Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Kondo, Yoji] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sahade, Jorge] Fac Ciencias Astron, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Guinan, Edward F.] Villanova Univ, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Gimenez, Alvaro] CSIC, Ctr Astrobiol, INTA, Madrid 28850, Spain. [Caton, Daniel B.] Appalachian State Univ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Reichart, Daniel E.; Ivarsen, Kevin M.; Nysewander, Melissa C.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Reed, PA (reprint author), Kutztown State Univ, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. EM preed@kutztown.edu NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 11 PY 2010 VL 401 IS 2 BP 913 EP 923 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15741.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 540FS UT WOS:000273317300011 ER PT J AU Holczer, T Behar, E Arav, N AF Holczer, Tomer Behar, Ehud Arav, Nahum TI X-RAY ABSORPTION ANALYSIS OF MCG-6-30-15: DISCERNING THREE KINEMATIC SYSTEMS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (MCG-6-30-15); line: formation; techniques: spectroscopic; X-rays: galaxies ID ACTIVE-GALACTIC-NUCLEI; REFLECTION GRATING SPECTROMETER; SEYFERT-1 GALAXY MCG-6-30-15; DUSTY WARM ABSORBER; THERMAL-INSTABILITY; EMISSION-LINES; ACCRETION DISK; OUTFLOW; DENSITY; IRON AB By analyzing the X-ray spectrum of MCG -6-30-15 obtained with the High Energy Transmission Grating (HETGS) spectrometer on board the Chandra observatory, we identify three kinematically distinct absorption systems; two outflow components intrinsic to MCG -6-30-15, and one local at z = 0. The slow outflow at -100 +/- 50 km s(-1) has a large range of ionization manifested by absorption from 24 different charge states of Fe, which enables a detailed reconstruction of the absorption measure distribution (AMD). This AMD spans 5 orders of magnitude in ionization parameter: -1.5 < log xi < 3.5 (erg s(-1) cm), with a total column density of N(H) = (5.3 +/- 0.7) x 10(21) cm(-2). The fast outflow at -1900 +/- 150 km s(-1) has a well-defined ionization parameter with log xi = 3.82 +/- 0.03 (erg s(-1) cm) and column density N(H) = 8.1 +/- 0.7 x 10(22) cm(-2). Assuming this component is a thin, uniform, spherical shell, it can be estimated to lie within 11 light days of the active galactic nucleus center. The third component, most clearly detected in the lower oxygen charge states O(+1)-O(+6), has been confused in the past with the fast outflow, but is identified here with local gas (z = 0) and a total column density N(H) of a few 10(20) cm(-2). Finally, we exploit the excellent spectral resolution of the HETGS and use the present spectrum to determine the rest-frame wavelengths of oxygen inner-shell lines that were previously uncertain. C1 [Holczer, Tomer] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Behar, Ehud] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Arav, Nahum] Dept Phys, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Holczer, T (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM tomer@physics.technion.ac.il; behar@physics.technion.ac.il; arav@vt.edu FU Chandra [AR-7 8011A]; NASA [08-ADP08-0076] FX We thank Shai Kaspi and Doron Chelouche for useful discussions. T. H. and N. A. acknowledge support from Chandra grant AR-7 8011A. E. B. acknowledges funding from NASA grant 08-ADP08-0076. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 2 BP 981 EP 994 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/981 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 536CY UT WOS:000273021000006 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Camilo, F Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cognard, I Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Luca, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Espinoza, C Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Frailis, M Freire, PCC Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giavitto, G Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, RP Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Johnston, S Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kramer, M Kuehn, F Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Lyne, AG Makeev, A Marelli, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Moretti, E Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Nolan, PL Norris, JP Noutsos, A Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Pierbattista, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Ray, PS Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stappers, BW Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Theureau, G Thompson, DJ Thorsett, SE Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Van Etten, A Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wallace, E Wang, P Watters, K Weltevrede, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Camilo, F. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cognard, I. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Luca, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. Silva, E. do Couto e Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Espinoza, C. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Frailis, M. Freire, P. C. C. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giavitto, G. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnston, S. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kramer, M. Kuehn, F. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Lyne, A. G. Makeev, A. Marelli, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Moretti, E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Noutsos, A. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pierbattista, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Ray, P. S. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stappers, B. W. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Theureau, G. Thompson, D. J. Thorsett, S. E. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Van Etten, A. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wallace, E. Wang, P. Watters, K. Weltevrede, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE CRAB PULSAR AND NEBULA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: observations; ISM: individual (Crab Nebula); pulsars: individual (Crab); supernova remnants ID GAMMA-RAY PULSARS; HIGH-ENERGY; TIMING OBSERVATIONS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; LIGHT CURVES; EGRET DATA; X-RAYS; 50 TEV; EMISSION; RADIATION AB We report on gamma-ray observations of the Crab Pulsar and Nebula using 8 months of survey data with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). The high quality light curve obtained using the ephemeris provided by the Nancay and Jodrell Bank radio telescopes shows two main peaks stable in phase with energy. The first gamma-ray peak leads the radio main pulse by (281 +/- 12 +/- 21) mu s, giving new constraints on the production site of non-thermal emission in pulsar magnetospheres. The first uncertainty is due to gamma-ray statistics, and the second arises from the rotation parameters. The improved sensitivity and the unprecedented statistics afforded by the LAT enable precise measurement of the Crab Pulsar spectral parameters: cut-off energy at E(c) = (5.8 +/- 0.5 +/- 1.2) GeV, spectral index of Gamma = (1.97 +/- 0.02 +/- 0.06) and integral photon flux above 100 MeV of (2.09 +/- 0.03 +/- 0.18) x 10(-6) cm(-2) s(-1). The first errors represent the statistical error on the fit parameters, while the second ones are the systematic uncertainties. Pulsed gamma-ray photons are observed up to similar to 20 GeV which precludes emission near the stellar surface, below altitudes of around 4-5 stellar radii in phase intervals encompassing the two main peaks. A detailed phase-resolved spectral analysis is also performed: the hardest emission from the Crab Pulsar comes from the bridge region between the two gamma-ray peaks while the softest comes from the falling edge of the second peak. The spectrum of the nebula in the energy range 100 MeV-300 GeV is well described by the sum of two power laws of indices Gamma(sync) = (3.99 +/- 0.12 +/- 0.08) and Gamma(IC) = (1.64 +/- 0.05 +/- 0.07), corresponding to the falling edge of the synchrotron and the rising edge of the inverse Compton (IC) components, respectively. This latter, which links up naturally with the spectral data points of Cherenkov experiments, is well reproduced via IC scattering from standard magnetohydrodynamic nebula models, and does not require any additional radiation mechanism. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Ray, P. S.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Silva, E. do Couto e; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Silva, E. do Couto e; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Pierbattista, M.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.; Moretti, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.; Moretti, E.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Giebels, B.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.; Wallace, E.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] IEEC CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.; Marelli, M.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, UMR 6115, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] INSU, CNRS, Observ Paris, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Luca, A.] IUSS, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, UMR 5797, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. 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D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Johnston, S.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.; Nakamori, T.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-30128 Toulouse 4, France. [Kramer, M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ozaki, M.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM grondin@cenbg.in2p3.fr; lemoine@cenbg.in2p3.fr; loparco@ba.infn.it; mazziotta@ba.infn.it RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Thorsett, Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; De Luca, Andrea/0000-0001-6739-687X; Moretti, Elena/0000-0001-5477-9097; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278; Marelli, Martino/0000-0002-8017-0338 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K.A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom FX The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy.; The Nancay Radio Observatory is operated by the Paris Observatory, associated with the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). The Lovell Telescope is owned and operated by the University of Manchester as part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics with support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom. NR 49 TC 134 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 2 BP 1254 EP 1267 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1254 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 536CY UT WOS:000273021000024 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, RP Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Shaw, MS Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Shaw, M. S. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI OBSERVATIONS OF THE VERY HARD GAMMA-RAY BLAZAR PG 1553+113 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: individual (PG 1553+113); gamma rays: observations ID BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPACE-TELESCOPE SURVEY; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; RADIO-SOURCES; MAGIC TELESCOPE; ENERGY-SPECTRA; HOST GALAXIES; CRAB-NEBULA AB We report the observations of PG 1553+113 during the first similar to 200 days of Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope science operations, from 2008 August 4 to 2009 February 22 (MJD 54682.7-54884.2). This is the first detailed study of PG 1553+113 in the GeV gamma-ray regime and it allows us to fill a gap of three decades in energy in its spectral energy distribution (SED). We find PG 1553+113 to be a steady source with a hard spectrum that is best fit by a simple power law in the Fermi energy band. We combine the Fermi data with archival radio, optical, X-ray, and very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray data to model its broadband SED and find that a simple, one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model provides a reasonable fit. PG 1553+113 has the softest VHE spectrum of all sources detected in that regime and, out of those with significant detections across the Fermi energy bandpass so far, the hardest spectrum in that energy regime. Thus, it has the largest spectral break of any gamma-ray source studied to date, which could be due to the absorption of the intrinsic gamma-ray spectrum by the extragalactic background light (EBL). Assuming this to be the case, we selected a model with a low level of EBL and used it to absorb the power-law spectrum from PG 1553+113 measured with Fermi (200 MeV-157 GeV) to find the redshift, which gave the best fit to the measured VHE data (90 GeV-1.1 TeV) for this parameterization of the EBL. We show that this redshift can be considered an upper limit on the distance to PG 1553+113. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM,CEA,IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Horan, D.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Hughes, R. E.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.; McConville, W.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kataoka, J.; Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-30128 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ozaki, M.; Uchiyama, Y.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM deirdre@llr.in2p3.fr RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Wallenberg Foundation in Sweden FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges the generous support of a number of agencies and institutes that have supported the Fermi LAT Collaboration. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States; the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase from the following agencies is also gratefully acknowledged: the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation in Sweden. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. Thanks to Wystan Benbow, Luigi Costamante, Daniela Dorner, Andrea Tramacere, and Robert Wagner for supplying archival data points. NR 66 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 2 BP 1310 EP 1320 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1310 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 536CY UT WOS:000273021000028 ER PT J AU Weltevrede, P Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Camilo, F Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cognard, I Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Cutini, S Dermer, CD Desvignes, G de Angelis, A de Luca, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Dormody, M Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Freire, PCC Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giavitto, G Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hays, E Hobbs, G Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Johnston, S Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Keith, M Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kramer, M Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Lyne, AG Makeev, A Manchester, RN Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE McGlynn, S Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Ransom, SM Razzano, M Rea, N Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stappers, BW Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Theureau, G Thompson, DJ Thorsett, SE Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Van Etten, A Vasileiou, V Venter, C Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Wang, N Watters, K Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Weltevrede, P. Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Camilo, F. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cognard, I. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. Desvignes, G. de Angelis, A. de Luca, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. Dormody, M. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Freire, P. C. C. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giavitto, G. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hays, E. Hobbs, G. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnston, S. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Keith, M. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kramer, M. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Lyne, A. G. Makeev, A. Manchester, R. N. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. McGlynn, S. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Ransom, S. M. Razzano, M. Rea, N. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stappers, B. W. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Theureau, G. Thompson, D. J. Thorsett, S. E. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Van Etten, A. Vasileiou, V. Venter, C. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Wang, N. Watters, K. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI GAMMA-RAY AND RADIO PROPERTIES OF SIX PULSARS DETECTED BY THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars: individual (PSRs J0631+1036, J0659+1414, J0742-2822, J1420-6048, J1509-5850, J1718-3825) ID MIDDLE-AGED PULSARS; PSR B0656+14; SOUTHERN PULSARS; EMPIRICAL-THEORY; NEUTRON-STARS; WIND NEBULAE; EMISSION REGION; SPACE-TELESCOPE; TIMING PACKAGE; YOUNG PULSARS AB We report the detection of pulsed gamma-rays for PSRs J0631+1036, J0659+1414, J0742-2822, J1420-6048, J1509-5850, and J1718-3825 using the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (formerly known as GLAST). Although these six pulsars are diverse in terms of their spin parameters, they share an important feature: their gamma-ray light curves are (at least given the current count statistics) single peaked. For two pulsars, there are hints for a double-peaked structure in the light curves. The shapes of the observed light curves of this group of pulsars are discussed in the light of models for which the emission originates from high up in the magnetosphere. The observed phases of the gamma-ray light curves are, in general, consistent with those predicted by high-altitude models, although we speculate that the gamma-ray emission of PSR J0659+1414, possibly featuring the softest spectrum of all Fermi pulsars coupled with a very low efficiency, arises from relatively low down in the magnetosphere. High-quality radio polarization data are available showing that all but one have a high degree of linear polarization. This allows us to place some constraints on the viewing geometry and aids the comparison of the gamma-ray light curves with high-energy beam models. C1 [Weltevrede, P.; Hobbs, G.; Johnston, S.; Keith, M.; Manchester, R. N.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Weltevrede, P.; Kramer, M.; Lyne, A. G.; Stappers, B. W.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Cutini, S.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; McGlynn, S.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA Saclay, Lab AIM,CEA,IRFU,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.; de Luca, A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cognard, I.; Desvignes, G.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, LPCE, UMR 6115, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cognard, I.; Desvignes, G.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, Observ Paris, INSU, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Luca, A.] IUSS, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Dormody, M.; Porter, T. A.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dormody, M.; Porter, T. A.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Freire, P. C. C.] Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guillemot, L.; Kramer, M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Jackson, M. S.; McGlynn, S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.; Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ransom, S. M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Rea, N.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Rea, N.] Sterrenkundig Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Uchiyama, Y.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Venter, C.] North West Univ, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Wang, N.] NAOC, Urumqi Observ, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Weltevrede, P (reprint author), CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. EM weltevrede@manchester.ac.uk; Simon.Johnston@atnf.csiro.au; smith@cenbg.in2p3.fr RI Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Rea, Nanda/I-2853-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; De Luca, Andrea/0000-0001-6739-687X; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Rea, Nanda/0000-0003-2177-6388; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Thorsett, Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613 FU Commonwealth of Australia; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K.A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX The Australia Telescope is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by the CSIRO. The Nan, cay Radio Observatory is operated by the Paris Observatory, associated with the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). The Lovell Telescope is owned and operated by the University of Manchester as part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics with support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 86 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 2 BP 1426 EP 1441 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1426 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 536CY UT WOS:000273021000038 ER PT J AU Camero-Arranz, A Finger, MH Ikhsanov, NR Wilson-Hodge, CA Beklen, E AF Camero-Arranz, A. Finger, M. H. Ikhsanov, N. R. Wilson-Hodge, C. A. Beklen, E. TI NEW TORQUE REVERSAL AND SPIN-UP OF 4U 1626-67 OBSERVED BY FERMI/GAMMA-RAY BURST MONITOR AND SWIFT/BURST ALERT TELESCOPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries: close; pulsars: individual (4U 1626-67); stars: neutron; X-rays: stars ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; MAGNETIC NEUTRON-STARS; X-RAY; PULSAR 4U-1626-67; TIMING EXPLORER; ACCRETION DISCS; DISCOVERY; BINARIES; SPECTROSCOPY; HERCULES-X-1 AB After about 18 yr of steadily spinning down, the accretion-powered pulsar 4U 1626-67 experienced a new torque reversal at the beginning of 2008. For the present study, we have used all available Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor data since its launch in 2008 June 11 and over 5 yr of hard X-ray Swift/Burst Alert Telescope observations (starting from 2004 October up to the present time). From 2004 up to the end of 2007 the spin-down rate averaged at a mean rate of similar to(nu) over dot = -4.8 x 10(-13) Hz s(-1) until the torque reversal reported here. This second detected torque reversal was centered near MJD 54500 (2008 February 4) and it lasted approximately 150 days. During the reversal, the source also underwent an increase in flux by a fraction of similar to 2.5. Since then it has been following a steady spin-up at a mean rate of similar to (nu) over dot = 4 x 10(-13) Hz s(-1). We present a detailed long-term timing analysis of this source and a long-term spectral hardness ratio study in order to see whether there are spectral changes around this new observed torque reversal. C1 [Camero-Arranz, A.; Finger, M. H.; Wilson-Hodge, C. A.] Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Camero-Arranz, A.] Fdn Espanola Ciencia & Tecnol, Madrid 28020, Spain. [Camero-Arranz, A.] MICINN Minist Ciencia & Innovac, Madrid 28027, Spain. [Finger, M. H.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Ikhsanov, N. R.; Wilson-Hodge, C. A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Ikhsanov, N. R.] Pulkovo Observ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Beklen, E.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Beklen, E.] Suleyman Demirel Univ, Dept Phys, TR-32260 Isparta, Turkey. RP Camero-Arranz, A (reprint author), Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RI Ikhsanov, Nazar/M-9304-2015 OI Ikhsanov, Nazar/0000-0002-3326-5588 FU Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion; NASA [NNX08AG12G]; Russian Foundation of Basic Research [07-02-00535a] FX A.C.-A. thanks, for the support of this project, the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion through the 2008 postdoctoral program MICINN/Fulbright under grant 2008-0116. N.R.I. acknowledges supported from NASA Postdoctoral Program at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA, and support from the Russian Foundation of Basic Research under the grant 07-02-00535a. M. H. F. acknowledges support from NASA grant NNX08AG12G. We also want to thank the Fermi/GBM team for its help. NR 49 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 2 BP 1500 EP 1506 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1500 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 536CY UT WOS:000273021000045 ER PT J AU Roy, A Ade, PAR Bock, JJ Chapin, EL Devlin, MJ Dicker, SR Griffin, M Gundersen, JO Halpern, M Hargrave, PC Hughes, DH Klein, J Marsden, G Martin, PG Mauskopf, P Miville-Deschenes, MA Netterfield, CB Olmi, L Patanchon, G Rex, M Scott, D Semisch, C Truch, MDP Tucker, C Tucker, GS Viero, MP Wiebe, DV AF Roy, Arabindo Ade, Peter A. R. Bock, James J. Chapin, Edward L. Devlin, Mark J. Dicker, Simon R. Griffin, Matthew Gundersen, Joshua O. Halpern, Mark Hargrave, Peter C. Hughes, David H. Klein, Jeff Marsden, Gaelen Martin, Peter G. Mauskopf, Philip Miville-Deschenes, Marc-Antoine Netterfield, Calvin B. Olmi, Luca Patanchon, Guillaume Rex, Marie Scott, Douglas Semisch, Christopher Truch, Matthew D. P. Tucker, Carole Tucker, Gregory S. Viero, Marco P. Wiebe, Donald V. TI BLAST05: POWER SPECTRA OF BRIGHT GALACTIC CIRRUS AT SUBMILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE balloons; ISM: clouds; ISM: structure; submillimeter ID INTERSTELLAR DUST; INFRARED-EMISSION; CONFUSION NOISE; SKY CONFUSION; MU-M; TELESCOPE; IRAS AB We report multi-wavelength power spectra of diffuse Galactic dust emission from Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope observations at 250, 350, and 500 mu m in Galactic plane fields in Cygnus X and Aquila. These submillimeter power spectra statistically quantify the self-similar structure observable over a broad range of scales and can be used to assess the cirrus noise which limits the detection of faint point sources. The advent of submillimeter surveys with the Herschel Space Observatory makes the wavelength dependence a matter of interest. We show that the observed relative amplitudes of the power spectra can be related through a spectral energy distribution (SED). Fitting a simple modified black body to this SED, we find the dust temperature in Cygnus X to be 19.8 +/- 1.5 K and in the Aquila region 16.8 +/- 0.8 K. Our empirical estimates provide important new insight into the substantial cirrus noise that will be encountered in forthcoming observations. C1 [Roy, Arabindo; Hargrave, Peter C.; Netterfield, Calvin B.; Viero, Marco P.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Ade, Peter A. R.; Griffin, Matthew; Hargrave, Peter C.; Mauskopf, Philip; Tucker, Carole] Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Bock, James J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bock, James J.] CALTECH, Observat Cosmol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chapin, Edward L.; Halpern, Mark; Marsden, Gaelen; Scott, Douglas; Wiebe, Donald V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Devlin, Mark J.; Dicker, Simon R.; Klein, Jeff; Rex, Marie; Semisch, Christopher] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gundersen, Joshua O.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Carol Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Hughes, David H.] INAOE, Puebla, Mexico. [Martin, Peter G.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Miville-Deschenes, Marc-Antoine] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, UMR8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Netterfield, Calvin B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Olmi, Luca] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, UPR Stn, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Olmi, Luca] Ist Radioastron, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Patanchon, Guillaume] Lab APC, F-75205 Paris, France. [Truch, Matthew D. P.; Tucker, Gregory S.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Roy, A (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. EM aroy@cita.utoronto.ca RI Klein, Jeffrey/E-3295-2013; OI Olmi, Luca/0000-0002-1162-7947; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840 FU NASA [NAG5-12785, NAG5-13301, NNGO-6GI11G]; Canadian Space Agency (CSA); UK Particle Physics & Astronomy Research Council (PPARC); Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility (CSBF) FX The BLAST collaboration acknowledges the support of NASA through grant numbers NAG5-12785, NAG5-13301, and NNGO-6GI11G, the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the UK Particle Physics & Astronomy Research Council (PPARC), and Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC). We thank the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility (CSBF) staff for their outstanding work. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 2 BP 1611 EP 1620 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1611 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 536CY UT WOS:000273021000056 ER PT J AU Habbal, SR Druckmuller, M Morgan, H Daw, A Johnson, J Ding, A Arndt, M Esser, R Rusin, V Scholl, I AF Habbal, S. Rifai Druckmueller, M. Morgan, H. Daw, A. Johnson, J. Ding, A. Arndt, M. Esser, R. Rusin, V. Scholl, I. TI MAPPING THE DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRON TEMPERATURE AND Fe CHARGE STATES IN THE CORONA WITH TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE eclipses; solar wind; Sun: corona ID INNER CORONA; MINOR IONS; WIND; SPECTROMETER; STREAMERS; MINIMUM; OUTFLOW; HOLES; SOHO AB The inference of electron temperature from the ratio of the intensities of emission lines in the solar corona is valid only when the plasma is collisional. Once collisionless, thermodynamic ionization equilibrium no longer holds, and the inference of an electron temperature and its gradient from such measurements is no longer valid. At the heliocentric distance where the transition from a collision-dominated to a collisionless plasma occurs, the charge states of different elements are established, or frozen-in. These are the charge states which are subsequently measured in interplanetary space. We show in this study how the 2006 March 29 and 2008 August 1 eclipse observations of a number of Fe emission lines yield an empirical value for a distance, which we call R(t), where the emission changes from being collisionally to radiatively dominated. R(t) ranges from 1.1 to 2.0R(circle dot), depending on the charge state and the underlying coronal density structures. Beyond that distance, the intensity of the emission reflects the distribution of the corresponding Fe ion charge states. These observations thus yield the two-dimensional distribution of electron temperature and charge state measurements in the corona for the first time. The presence of the Fe x 637.4 nm and Fe xi 789.2 nm emission in open magnetic field regions below R(t), such as in coronal holes and the boundaries of streamers, and the absence of Fe XIII 1074.7 nm and Fe XIV 530.3 nm emission there indicate that the sources of the solar wind lie in regions where the electron temperature is less than 1.2 x 10(6) K. Beyond R(t), the extent of the Fe x [Fe(9+)] and Fe xi emission [Fe(10+)], in comparison with Fe XIII [Fe(12+)] and Fe XIV [Fe(13+)], matches the dominance of the Fe10+ charge states measured by the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer, SWICS, on Ulysses, at -43 degrees latitude at 4 AU, in March-April 2006, and Fe(9+) and Fe(10+) charge states measured by SWICS on the Advanced Composition Explorer, ACE, in the ecliptic plane at 1 AU, at the time of both eclipses. The remarkable correspondence between these two measurements establishes the first direct link between the distribution of charge states in the corona and in interplanetary space. C1 [Habbal, S. Rifai; Morgan, H.; Scholl, I.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Druckmueller, M.] Brno Univ Technol, Fac Mech Engn, Brno 61669, Czech Republic. [Daw, A.] Appalachian State Univ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Daw, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Johnson, J.] Electricon, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [Ding, A.] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Opt & Atom Phys, Berlin, Germany. [Ding, A.] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Tech Phys, Berlin, Germany. [Arndt, M.] Bridgewater State Coll, Bridgewater, MA 02325 USA. [Esser, R.] Univ Tromso, N-9001 Tromso, Norway. [Rusin, V.] Slovak Acad Sci, Astron Inst, Tatranska Lomnica 05960, Slovakia. RP Habbal, SR (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM shadia@ifa.hawaii.edu RI daw, adrian/D-2297-2012; OI Morgan, Huw/0000-0002-6547-5838 FU NASA [NNX08AQ29G]; NSF [ATM 08-02520, ATM-0801633, NSF-AGS-0450096]; Czech Science Foundation [205/09/1469]; Slovak Academy of Sciences Grant Agency VEGA [7012]; APVT [51-012-704]; SWICS Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) FX The eclipse observations of Team 1 were made possible by funding from NASA, grant NNX08AQ29G, NSF grant ATM 08-02520 to the University of Hawaii (S. R. H., J. J., and H. M.), NSF grant ATM-0801633 and a NC Space grant New Investigations award to Appalachian State University (A. D.), and NSF grant NSF-AGS-0450096 to Bridge-water State College (M. A.). Miloslav Druckmuller was supported by grant 205/09/1469 from the Czech Science Foundation. V. R. was partially supported by the Slovak Academy of Sciences Grant Agency VEGA, grant No. 7012, and by the Science and Technology Assistance Agency APVT under contract APVT 51-012-704. M. D. and V. R. also extend their thanks to Peter Aniol, ASTELCO for technical and financial support. We thank Alan Lichty from Princeton Instrument for lending us a PIXIS 1024BR camera for the 2006 eclipse observations. The SWICS Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) data were provided by the ACE Science Center at http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ASC/. The SWICS/Ulysses data are available at http://helio.esa.int/ulysses/ftp/data/swics/. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 2 BP 1650 EP 1662 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1650 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 536CY UT WOS:000273021000060 ER PT J AU Sayers, J Golwala, SR Ade, PAR Aguirre, JE Bock, JJ Edgington, SF Glenn, J Goldin, A Haig, D Lange, AE Laurent, GT Mauskopf, PD Nguyen, HT Rossinot, P Schlaerth, J AF Sayers, J. Golwala, S. R. Ade, P. A. R. Aguirre, J. E. Bock, J. J. Edgington, S. F. Glenn, J. Goldin, A. Haig, D. Lange, A. E. Laurent, G. T. Mauskopf, P. D. Nguyen, H. T. Rossinot, P. Schlaerth, J. TI STUDIES OF MILLIMETER-WAVE ATMOSPHERIC NOISE ABOVE MAUNA KEA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atmospheric effects; site testing; techniques: photometric ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; SOUTH-POLE; SUBMILLIMETER ASTRONOMY; BOLOMETER CAMERA; BOLOCAM; TELESCOPE; FLUCTUATIONS; OPACITY; TRANSMISSION; BRIGHTNESS AB We reportmeasurements of the fluctuations in atmospheric emission (atmospheric noise) above Mauna Kea recorded with Bolocam at 143 and 268 GHz from the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. The 143 GHz data were collected during a 40 night observing run in late 2003, and the 268 GHz observations were made in early 2004 and early 2005 over a total of 60 nights. Below similar or equal to 0.5 Hz, the data time-streams are dominated by atmospheric noise in all observing conditions. The atmospheric noise data are consistent with a Kolmogorov-Taylor turbulence model for a thin wind-driven screen, and the median amplitude of the fluctuations is 280 mK(2) rad(-5/3) at 143 GHz and 4000 mK(2) rad(-5/3) at 268 GHz. Comparing our results with previous ACBAR data, we find that the normalization of the power spectrum of the atmospheric noise fluctuations is a factor of similar or equal to 80 larger above Mauna Kea than above the South Pole at millimeter wavelengths. Most of this difference is due to the fact that the atmosphere above the South Pole is much drier than the atmosphere above Mauna Kea. However, the atmosphere above the South Pole is slightly more stable as well: the fractional fluctuations in the column depth of precipitable water vapor are a factor of similar or equal to root 2 smaller at the South Pole compared to Mauna Kea. Based on our atmospheric modeling, we developed several algorithms to remove the atmospheric noise, and the best results were achieved when we described the fluctuations using a low-order polynomial in detector position over the 8' field of view. However, even with these algorithms, we were not able to reach photon-background-limited instrument photometer performance at frequencies below similar or equal to 0.5 Hz in any observing conditions. We also observed an excess low-frequency noise that is highly correlated between detectors separated by less than or similar to(f/#)lambda; this noise appears to be caused by atmospheric fluctuations, but we do not have an adequate model to explain its source. We hypothesize that the correlations arise from the classical coherence of the electromagnetic field across a distance of similar or equal to(f/#)lambda on the focal plane. C1 [Sayers, J.; Bock, J. J.; Goldin, A.; Nguyen, H. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Aguirre, J. E.; Haig, D.; Mauskopf, P. D.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. [Aguirre, J. E.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Glenn, J.; Laurent, G. T.; Schlaerth, J.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Glenn, J.; Laurent, G. T.; Schlaerth, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Golwala, S. R.; Edgington, S. F.; Lange, A. E.; Rossinot, P.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Sayers, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jack@caltech.edu FU NASA [NSF/AST-9618798, NSF/AST-0098737, NSF/AST-9980846, NSF/AST-0229008, NSF/AST-0206158] FX We acknowledge the assistance of the following: Minhee Yun and Anthony D. Turner of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, who fabricated the Bolocam science array; Toshiro Hatake of the JPL electronic packaging group, who wirebonded the array; Marty Gould of Zen Machine and Ricardo Paniagua and the Caltech PMA/GPS Instrument Shop, who fabricated much of the Bolocam hardware; Carole Tucker of Cardiff University, who tested metal-mesh reflective filters used in Bolocam; Ben Knowles of the University of Colorado, who contributed to the software pipeline, the day crew and Hilo staff of the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, who provided invaluable assistance during commissioning and data-taking for this survey data set; high school teacher Tobias Jacoby and high school students Jonathon Graff, Gloria Lee, and Dalton Sargent, who helped as summer research assistants; and Kathy Deniston, who provided effective administrative support at Caltech. We thank W. L. Holzapfel for his many useful comments as referee of our manuscript. Bolocam was constructed and commissioned using funds from NSF/AST-9618798, NSF/AST-0098737, NSF/AST-9980846, NSF/AST-0229008, and NSF/AST-0206158. J. S. and G. L. were partially supported by NASA Graduate Student Research Fellowships, J. S. was partially supported by a NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellowship, J. A. was partially supported by a Jansky Postdoctoral Fellowship, and S. G. was partially supported by a R. A. Millikan Postdoctoral Fellowship at Caltech. The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 2 BP 1674 EP 1691 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1674 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 536CY UT WOS:000273021000062 ER PT J AU Acciari, VA Aliu, E Arlen, T Aune, T Bautista, M Beilicke, M Benbow, W Bottcher, M Boltuch, D Bradbury, SM Buckley, JH Bugaev, V Byrum, K Cannon, A Cesarini, A Chow, YC Ciupik, L Cogan, P Cui, W Duke, C Falcone, A Finley, JP Finnegan, G Fortson, L Furniss, A Galante, N Gall, D Gillanders, GH Godambe, S Grube, J Guenette, R Gyuk, G Hanna, D Holder, J Hui, CM Humensky, TB Kaaret, P Karlsson, N Kertzman, M Kieda, D Konopelko, A Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Maier, G McArthur, S McCann, A McCutcheon, M Millis, J Moriarty, P Nagai, T Ong, RA Otte, AN Pandel, D Perkins, JS Pichel, A Pohl, M Quinn, J Ragan, K Reyes, LC Reynolds, PT Roache, E Rose, HJ Schroedter, M Sembroski, GH Senturk, GD Smith, AW Steele, D Swordy, SP Theiling, M Thibadeau, S Varlotta, A Vassiliev, VV Vincent, S Wagner, RG Wakely, SP Ward, JE Weekes, TC Weinstein, A Weisgarber, T Williams, DA Wissel, S Wood, M Zitzer, B Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Silva, EDE Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Hays, E Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Rodriguez, AY Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Shaw, MS Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M Barber, SD Terndrup, DM AF Acciari, V. A. Aliu, E. Arlen, T. Aune, T. Bautista, M. Beilicke, M. Benbow, W. Boettcher, M. Boltuch, D. Bradbury, S. M. Buckley, J. H. Bugaev, V. Byrum, K. Cannon, A. Cesarini, A. Chow, Y. C. Ciupik, L. Cogan, P. Cui, W. Duke, C. Falcone, A. Finley, J. P. Finnegan, G. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Galante, N. Gall, D. Gillanders, G. H. Godambe, S. Grube, J. Guenette, R. Gyuk, G. Hanna, D. Holder, J. Hui, C. M. Humensky, T. B. Kaaret, P. Karlsson, N. Kertzman, M. Kieda, D. Konopelko, A. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. LeBohec, S. Maier, G. McArthur, S. McCann, A. McCutcheon, M. Millis, J. Moriarty, P. Nagai, T. Ong, R. A. Otte, A. N. Pandel, D. Perkins, J. S. Pichel, A. Pohl, M. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reyes, L. C. Reynolds, P. T. Roache, E. Rose, H. J. Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G. H. Senturk, G. Demet Smith, A. W. Steele, D. Swordy, S. P. Theiling, M. Thibadeau, S. Varlotta, A. Vassiliev, V. V. Vincent, S. Wagner, R. G. Wakely, S. P. Ward, J. E. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. Weisgarber, T. Williams, D. A. Wissel, S. Wood, M. Zitzer, B. Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Hays, E. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Rodriguez, A. Y. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Shaw, M. S. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. Barber, S. D. Terndrup, D. M. CA VERITAS Collaboration Fermi LAT Collaboration TI DISCOVERY OF VERY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA RAYS FROM PKS 1424+240 AND MULTIWAVELENGTH CONSTRAINTS ON ITS REDSHIFT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: individual (PKS 1424+240=VER J1427+237), gamma rays: observations ID BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; BACKGROUND-RADIATION; SOURCE LIST; VERITAS; ASTRONOMY; EMISSION; SPECTRA; BLAZARS; MISSION AB We report the first detection of very high energy(83) (VHE) gamma-ray emission above 140 GeV from PKS 1424+240, a BL Lac object with an unknown redshift. The photon spectrum above 140 GeV measured by VERITAS is well described by a power law with a photon index of 3.8 +/- 0.5(stat) +/- 0.3(syst) and a flux normalization at 200 GeV of (5.1 +/- 0.9(stat) +/- 0.5(syst)) x 10(-11) TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1), where stat and syst denote the statistical and systematical uncertainties, respectively. The VHE flux is steady over the observation period between MJD 54881 and 55003 (from 2009 February 19 to June 21). Flux variability is also not observed in contemporaneous high-energy observations with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Contemporaneous X-ray and optical data were also obtained from the Swift XRT and MDM observatory, respectively. The broadband spectral energy distribution is well described by a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model favoring a redshift of less than 0.1. 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RP Furniss, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM nepomuk.otte@gmail.com; amy.furniss@gmail.com; jchiang@slac.stanford.edu RI Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; OI Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Ward, John E/0000-0003-1973-0794; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Pandel, Dirk/0000-0003-2085-5586; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924 FU K. A. Wallenberg Foundation FX Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation. NR 37 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 2 BP L100 EP L106 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/708/2/L100 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 540CJ UT WOS:000273308000007 ER PT J AU Verdini, A Velli, M Matthaeus, WH Oughton, S Dmitruk, P AF Verdini, A. Velli, M. Matthaeus, W. H. Oughton, S. Dmitruk, P. TI A TURBULENCE-DRIVEN MODEL FOR HEATING AND ACCELERATION OF THE FAST WIND IN CORONAL HOLES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MHD; solar wind; turbulence; waves ID FREQUENCY ALFVEN WAVES; MEAN MAGNETIC-FIELD; FAST SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; MHD TURBULENCE; TRANSITION REGION; RADIAL EVOLUTION; CROSS HELICITY; ENERGY-FLOW; CHROMOSPHERE AB A model is presented for generation of fast solar wind in coronal holes, relying on heating that is dominated by turbulent dissipation of MHD fluctuations transported upward in the solar atmosphere. Scale-separated transport equations include large-scale fields, transverse Alfvenic fluctuations, and a small compressive dissipation due to parallel shears near the transition region. The model accounts for proton temperature, density, wind speed, and fluctuation amplitude as observed in remote sensing and in situ satellite data. C1 [Verdini, A.] Observ Royal Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Velli, M.] Univ Florence, Dipart Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Velli, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Matthaeus, W. H.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Oughton, S.] Univ Waikato, Dept Math, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Dmitruk, P.] Univ Buenos Aires, CONICET, Dept Fis, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Verdini, A (reprint author), Observ Royal Belgique, 3 Ave Circulaire, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. EM verdini@oma.be RI Oughton, Sean/A-3380-2012 OI Oughton, Sean/0000-0002-2814-7288 FU NASA [NNX08AI47G]; NSF [ATM-0539995, ATM-0752135]; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office FX This research was supported in part by NASA (Heliophysics Theory, NNX08AI47G) and NSF (Solar-Terrestrial and SHINE programs ATM-0539995 and ATM-0752135). A. V. acknowledges support from the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office through the ESA-PRODEX program. We acknowledge the UVCS project (J. Kohl, S. Cranmer) for providing data used in Figure 1. NR 46 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 2 BP L116 EP L120 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/708/2/L116 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 540CJ UT WOS:000273308000010 ER PT J AU Wagstaff, KL Kocurek, M Mazzoni, D Tang, BY AF Wagstaff, Kiri L. Kocurek, Michael Mazzoni, Dominic Tang, Benyang TI Progressive refinement for support vector machines SO DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY LA English DT Article DE Support vector machines; Efficiency; Reclassification ID MISR AB Support vector machines (SVMs) have good accuracy and generalization properties, but they tend to be slow to classify new examples. In contrast to previous work that aims to reduce the time required to fully classify all examples, we present a method that provides the best-possible classification given a specific amount of computational time. We construct two SVMs: a "full" SVM that is optimized for high accuracy, and an approximation SVM (via reduced-set or subset methods) that provides extremely fast, but less accurate, classifications. We apply the approximate SVM to the full data set, estimate the posterior probability that each classification is correct, and then use the full SVM to reclassify items in order of their likelihood of misclassification. Our experimental results show that this method rapidly achieves high accuracy, by selectively devoting resources (reclassification) only where needed. It also provides the first such progressive SVM solution that can be applied to multiclass problems. C1 [Wagstaff, Kiri L.; Mazzoni, Dominic; Tang, Benyang] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kocurek, Michael] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Wagstaff, KL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kiri.wagstaff@jpl.nasa.gov; mikekocurek@gmail.com; dmazzoni@google.com; benyang.tang@jpl.nasa.gov OI Wagstaff, Kiri/0000-0003-4401-5506 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA Advanced Information Systems Technology; National Science Foundation [IIS-0705681] FX We wish to thank Dennis DeCoste, Robert Granat, and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. The research described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We gratefully acknowledge the support of a grant from the NASA Advanced Information Systems Technology program and grant #IIS-0705681 from the National Science Foundation. The MISR remote-sensing data was obtained from the Langley Atmospheric Science Data Center. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-5810 EI 1573-756X J9 DATA MIN KNOWL DISC JI Data Min. Knowl. Discov. PD JAN 10 PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 53 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s10618-009-0149-y PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 546LN UT WOS:000273812400003 ER PT J AU Schwadron, NA Townsend, L Kozarev, K Dayeh, MA Cucinotta, F Desai, M Golightly, M Hassler, D Hatcher, R Kim, MY Posner, A PourArsalan, M Spence, HE Squier, RK AF Schwadron, N. A. Townsend, L. Kozarev, K. Dayeh, M. A. Cucinotta, F. Desai, M. Golightly, M. Hassler, D. Hatcher, R. Kim, M. -Y. Posner, A. PourArsalan, M. Spence, H. E. Squier, R. K. TI Earth-Moon-Mars Radiation Environment Module framework SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES; COSMIC-RAYS; INTERACTION REGIONS; MODULATION; MODEL; HELIOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; IONS; ACCELERATION AB We are preparing to return humans to the Moon and setting the stage for exploration to Mars and beyond. However, it is unclear if long missions outside of low-Earth orbit can be accomplished with acceptable risk. The central objective of a new modeling project, the Earth-Moon-Mars Radiation Exposure Module (EMMREM), is to develop and validate a numerical module for characterizing time-dependent radiation exposure in the Earth-Moon-Mars and interplanetary space environments. EMMREM is being designed for broad use by researchers to predict radiation exposure by integrating over almost any incident particle distribution from interplanetary space. We detail here the overall structure of the EMMREM module and study the dose histories of the 2003 Halloween storm event and a June 2004 event. We show both the event histories measured at 1 AU and the evolution of these events at observer locations beyond 1 AU. The results are compared to observations at Ulysses. The model allows us to predict how the radiation environment evolves with radial distance from the Sun. The model comparison also suggests areas in which our understanding of the physics of particle propagation and energization needs to be improved to better forecast the radiation environment. Thus, we introduce the suite of EMMREM tools, which will be used to improve risk assessment models so that future human exploration missions can be adequately planned for. C1 [Schwadron, N. A.; Kozarev, K.; Golightly, M.; Spence, H. E.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 01760 USA. [Townsend, L.; Hatcher, R.; PourArsalan, M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dayeh, M. A.; Desai, M.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Cucinotta, F.; Kim, M. -Y.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Hassler, D.] SW Res Inst, Space Studies Dept, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Posner, A.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Squier, R. K.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Schwadron, NA (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Astron, 275 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 01760 USA. EM nathanas@bu.edu; ltownsen@tennessee.edu; kozarev@bu.edu; maldayeh@swri.edu; francis.a.cucinotta1@jsc.nasa.gov; mdesai@swri.edu; myung-hee.y.kim1@jsc.nasa.gov; aposner@swri.edu; mpourars@utk.edu; squier@cs.georgetown.edu RI Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011; OI Posner, Arik/0000-0003-1572-8734; Kim, Myung-Hee/0000-0001-5575-6858; Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205 FU NASA LWS EMMREM [NNX07AC14G] FX Research support from the NASA LWS EMMREM project and grant NNX07AC14G is gratefully acknowledged. NR 35 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JAN 9 PY 2010 VL 8 AR S00E02 DI 10.1029/2009SW000523 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 542QL UT WOS:000273509700001 ER PT J AU Wintucky, EG Simons, RN Chevalier, CT Freeman, JC AF Wintucky, E. G. Simons, R. N. Chevalier, C. T. Freeman, J. C. TI Ka-band high efficiency asymmetric MMIC power combiner for space communications SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RATIO AB A novel Ka-band (32.05 +/- 0.25 GHz) high efficiency asymmetric waveguide four-port combiner for coherent combining of two monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifiers having unequal outputs has been successfully designed, fabricated and characterised. The measured combiner efficiency is greater than 90%, the return loss greater than 18 dB and isolation greater than 22 dB. Applications considered are NASA's space communications systems needing 8-15 W of RF power. C1 [Wintucky, E. G.; Simons, R. N.; Freeman, J. C.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Chevalier, C. T.] QinetiQ N Amer, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Wintucky, EG (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Edwin.G.Wintucky@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 91 EP 92 DI 10.1049/el.2010.2742 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 547LI UT WOS:000273889500058 ER PT J AU Su, WY Bodas-Salcedo, A Xu, KM Charlock, TP AF Su, Wenying Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro Xu, Kuan-Man Charlock, Thomas P. TI Comparison of the tropical radiative flux and cloud radiative effect profiles in a climate model with Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; MEASURING MISSION SATELLITE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; 1998 EL-NINO; HADLEY-CENTER; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; AEROSOL RETRIEVALS; BUDGET EXPERIMENT; ICE CRYSTALS; MODIS DATA AB An insightful link of model performance to the physical assumptions in general circulation models (GCMs) can be explored if assessment of radiative fluxes and cloud radiative effects go beyond those at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). In this study, we compare the radiative flux profiles (at surface, 500 hPa, 200 hPa, 70 hPa, and TOA) and cloud effect profiles (500 hPa, 200 hPa, and TOA) from HadGAM1, using Surface and Atmospheric Radiation Budget (SARB) data from Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) on the TRMM satellite over the tropics (30 degrees S-30 degrees N). Comparison at TOA reveals that HadGAM1 agrees well with CERES for mean cloud height but lacks in cloudiness. Comparing to its predecessor, HadAM3, HadGAM1 agrees better with observations in TOA LW cloud effects, net cloud effects, and the ratio of SW to LW cloud effects. Extending the comparison to multiple levels, we gain additional insight into the vertical differences in clouds: for clouds at heights below 500 hPa, HadGAM1 and CERES are in good agreement in terms of cloudiness, but HadGAM1 underestimates the average cloud height; for clouds between 500 and 200 hPa, HadGAM1 underestimates the cloudiness but overestimates the average cloud height; for clouds at heights above 200 hPa, HadGAM1 produces more clouds than in CERES. Stratifying the cloud effects by dynamic regimes, we find that HadGAM1 underestimates cloudiness and overestimates averaged cloud height in the convective regimes, but the opposite is true in the strong subsidence regimes. C1 [Su, Wenying] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Su, Wenying; Xu, Kuan-Man; Charlock, Thomas P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Su, WY (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. EM wenying.su-1@nasa.gov RI Xu, Kuan-Man/B-7557-2013 OI Xu, Kuan-Man/0000-0001-7851-2629 FU Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES); Defra; MoD Integrated Climate Program [GA01101]; NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program; [CBC/2B/0417_Annex C5] FX This research was funded by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project. The authors thank Mark Ringer, Fred Rose, David Rutan, David Kratz, and Zachary Eitzen for helpful discussions. A. B. was supported by the Defra and MoD Integrated Climate Program (Defra, GA01101; MoD, CBC/2B/0417_Annex C5). K.-M. X. acknowledges the support of the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program. The CERES data were obtained from the Atmospheric Sciences Data Center at the NASA Langley Research Center. ECMWF ERA-Interim data used in this study have been obtained from the ECMWF data server. NR 65 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 7 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D01105 DI 10.1029/2009JD012490 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 542PJ UT WOS:000273506600002 ER PT J AU Fleming, ED Prufert-Bebout, L AF Fleming, Erich D. Prufert-Bebout, Leslie TI Characterization of cyanobacterial communities from high-elevation lakes in the Bolivian Andes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; UV-SCREENING COMPOUND; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; SHEATH PIGMENT; CALOTHRIX SP.; CHLOROPHYLL-D; SCYTONEMIN; DIVERSITY; ULTRAVIOLET; RADIATION AB The Bolivian Altiplano is a harsh environment for life with high solar irradiation (visible and UVR), below freezing temperatures, and some of the lowest precipitation rates on the planet. However, microbial life is visibly abundant in small isolated refugia of spring or snowmelt-fed lakes. In this study, we characterized the cyanobacterial composition of a variety of microbial mats present in three lake systems: Laguna Blanca, Laguna Verde (elevation 4300 m), and a summit lake in the Licancabur Volcano cone (elevation 5970 m). These lakes and their adjacent geothermal springs present an interesting diversity of environments within a geographically small region (5 km(2)). From these sites, 78 cyanobacterial cultures were isolated in addition to similar to 400 cyanobacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences from environmental genomic DNA. Based on microscopy, cultivation, and molecular analyses, these communities contained many heterocytous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (e.g., Calothrix, Nostoc, Nodularia) as well as a large number of cyanobacteria belonging to the form-genus Leptolyngbya. More than a third (37%) of all taxa in this study were new species (<= 96% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity), and 11% represented new and novel taxa distantly related (<= 93% identity) to any known cyanobacteria. This is one of the few studies to characterize cyanobacterial communities based on both cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent analyses. C1 [Fleming, Erich D.; Prufert-Bebout, Leslie] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Fleming, ED (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM erich.d.fleming@nasa.gov NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JAN 7 PY 2010 VL 115 AR G00D07 DI 10.1029/2008JG000817 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 542PQ UT WOS:000273507500001 ER PT J AU Warneke, C Froyd, KD Brioude, J Bahreini, R Brock, CA Cozic, J de Gouw, JA Fahey, DW Ferrare, R Holloway, JS Middlebrook, AM Miller, L Montzka, S Schwarz, JP Sodemann, H Spackman, JR Stohl, A AF Warneke, C. Froyd, K. D. Brioude, J. Bahreini, R. Brock, C. A. Cozic, J. de Gouw, J. A. Fahey, D. W. Ferrare, R. Holloway, J. S. Middlebrook, A. M. Miller, L. Montzka, S. Schwarz, J. P. Sodemann, H. Spackman, J. R. Stohl, A. TI An important contribution to springtime Arctic aerosol from biomass burning in Russia SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; CARBON; SNOW AB Using aircraft observations and transport model calculations we determine the total amounts of various gas-phase and aerosol species in the Arctic due to distant biomass burning (BB) emissions. We find that for many climate- relevant species, including black carbon (BC) and organic aerosols, fires in Russia that typically occur during the critical springtime snowmelt can more than double the high seasonal Arctic atmospheric background that has built up in the winter months (commonly called "Arctic haze''). Decision makers have targeted BC, because it is expected to cause strong positive forcing over snow-covered surfaces yet is significantly shorter lived than greenhouse gases. These results demonstrate that BB is more important for the Arctic than previously believed and should be considered in any attempt to mitigate impacts. Citation: Warneke, C., et al. (2010), An important contribution to springtime Arctic aerosol from biomass burning in Russia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L01801, doi: 10.1029/2009GL041816. C1 [Warneke, C.; Froyd, K. D.; Brioude, J.; Bahreini, R.; Brock, C. A.; Cozic, J.; de Gouw, J. A.; Fahey, D. W.; Holloway, J. S.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ferrare, R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Miller, L.; Montzka, S.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sodemann, H.; Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Warneke, C.; Froyd, K. D.; Brioude, J.; Bahreini, R.; Cozic, J.; de Gouw, J. A.; Holloway, J. S.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Warneke, C (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM carsten.warneke@noaa.gov RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Cozic, Julie/A-5464-2011; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; NR 23 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L01801 DI 10.1029/2009GL041816 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 542OZ UT WOS:000273505600006 ER PT J AU McMillan, WW Pierce, RB Sparling, LC Osterman, G McCann, K Fischer, ML Rappengluck, B Newsom, R Turner, D Kittaka, C Evans, K Biraud, S Lefer, B Andrews, A Oltmans, S AF McMillan, W. W. Pierce, R. B. Sparling, L. C. Osterman, G. McCann, K. Fischer, M. L. Rappenglueck, B. Newsom, R. Turner, D. Kittaka, C. Evans, K. Biraud, S. Lefer, B. Andrews, A. Oltmans, S. TI An observational and modeling strategy to investigate the impact of remote sources on local air quality: A Houston, Texas, case study from the Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-VAPOR; RAMAN LIDAR; OZONE; AEROSOL; MODIS; POLLUTION; EUROPE; VALIDATION AB Quantifying the impacts of remote sources on individual air quality exceedances remains a significant challenge for air quality forecasting. One goal of the 2006 Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II) was to assess the impact of distant sources on air quality in east Texas. From 23 to 30 August 2006, retrievals of tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) from NASA's Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) reveal the transport of CO from fires in the United States Pacific Northwest to Houston, Texas. This transport occurred behind a cold front and contributed to the worst ozone exceedance period of the summer in the Houston area. We present supporting satellite observations from the NASA A-Train constellation of the vertical distribution of smoke aerosols and CO. Ground-based in situ CO measurements in Oklahoma and Texas track the CO plume as it moves south and indicate mixing of the aloft plume to the surface by turbulence in the nocturnal boundary layer and convection during the day. Ground-based aerosol speciation and lidar observations do not find appreciable smoke aerosol transport for this case. However, MODIS aerosol optical depths and model simulations indicate some smoke aerosols were transported from the Pacific Northwest through Texas to the Gulf of Mexico. Chemical transport and forward trajectory models confirm the three major observations: (1) the AIRS envisioned CO transport, (2) the satellite determined smoke plume height, and (3) the timing of the observed surface CO increases. Further, the forward trajectory simulations find two of the largest Pacific Northwest fires likely had the most significant impact. C1 [McMillan, W. W.; Sparling, L. C.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [McMillan, W. W.; Sparling, L. C.; McCann, K.; Evans, K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Pierce, R. B.] Univ Wisconsin, NOAA, NESDIS, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies,STAR, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Osterman, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Fischer, M. L.; Biraud, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rappenglueck, B.; Lefer, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Newsom, R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Turner, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kittaka, C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Andrews, A.; Oltmans, S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP McMillan, WW (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Cir, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM mcmillan@umbc.edu RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495 FU NASA [NAG511163, NAG5-11653, NNG04GN42G, NNG06GB06G]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Division of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC03-76SF00098, DE-FG02-08ER64538] FX We were deeply saddened by the passing of coauthor Chieko Kittaka during the initial review of this manuscript. Her inputs to the revisions were sorely missed. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the NASA EOS Program through NASA grants NAG511163, NAG5-11653, NNG04GN42G, and NNG06GB06G. Our thanks go to Minnie Wong at the University of Maryland, Fire Information for Resource Management System and the MODIS Rapid Response Project, for providing the MODIS hot spot data. The tower measurements in Oklahoma were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Division of Biological and Environmental Research, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program, under contract DE-AC03-76SF00098. Analysis of the Raman lidar data was partially supported by DOE grant DE-FG02-08ER64538 to the University of Wisconsin-Madison. We thank Mark Schoeberl for access to the GSFC trajectory code. Thanks go to the entire AIRS Team, particularly our NOAA collaborators Chris Barnet and Walter Wolf, and the personnel at NASA DISC. A special note of thanks goes to Bruce Doddridge of NASA and Fred Fehsenfeld of NOAA for supporting our involvement with TexAQS II. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. W. W. M. thanks Rae Force for her unwavering support. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 5 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D01301 DI 10.1029/2009JD011973 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 542PF UT WOS:000273506200002 ER PT J AU Liu, YM Zhu, DM Strayer, DM Israelsson, UE AF Liu, Yuanming Zhu, Da-Ming Strayer, Donald M. Israelsson, Ulf E. TI Magnetic levitation of large water droplets and mice SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Magnetic levitation; Reduced gravity; Variable gravity; Water droplets; Mice ID SHAPE OSCILLATIONS; GRAVITY SIMULATOR; LIQUID-HELIUM AB We report successful levitation of large water droplets and mice using a newly built variable gravity simulator. The simulator consists mainly of a superconducting magnet with a room temperature accessible experimental levitating space. The superconducting magnet generates a field and field gradient product that is large enough to levitate water and many other common liquids. The warm bore of the magnet has a diameter of 66 mm, large enough to levitate small mammals. We demonstrate that water drops up to 50 mm in diameter and young mice can be levitated ill the system. The capability of levitating large water drops and biological systems offers new opportunities for conducting detailed and in-depth study of properties of fluids and biological systems in reduced gravity environments. Crown copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Yuanming; Strayer, Donald M.; Israelsson, Ulf E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Zhu, Da-Ming] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Liu, YM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Yuanming.Liu@jpl.nasa.gov NR 19 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD JAN 4 PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 208 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2009.08.033 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 547VQ UT WOS:000273918100020 ER PT S AU Zhang, WZ Inanc, T Elfes, A AF Zhang, Weizhong Inanc, Tamer Elfes, Alberto GP IEEE TI Opportunistic 3D Trajectory Generation for the JPL Aerobot with Nonlinear Trajectory Generation Methodology SO 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS AND VISION (ICARCV 2010) SE International Conference on Control Automation Robotics and Vision LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV 2010) CY DEC 07-10, 2010 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE DE Opportunistic Trajectory Generation; Optimal Control; Aerobot AB NASA is supposed to implement a sustainable and affordable human and robotic program to explore the solar system and beyond as it is the first goal of The Presidents Vision for U. S. Space Exploration. The robotic exploration across the solar system consists of exploring Jupiters moons, asteroids and other bodies to search for evidence of life, and to understand the history of the solar system. Trajectory generation for a robotic vehicle is an essential part of the total mission planning. To save energy by exploiting possible situation such as wind will assist a robotic explorer extend its life span and perform tasks more reliably. In this paper, we propose to utilize Nonlinear Trajectory Generation (NTG) methodology to generate 3D opportunistic trajectories for an Aerobot by exploiting wind. The Aerobot is dynamically controlled by three propellers which are respectively parallel to the local three Cartesian axes. Constraints for the Aerobot control are derived from Euler-Lagrange equations since the Aerobot satisfies with the Lagrange-D'Alembert principle. The new proposed Aerobot model takes the aerodynamics into account. The results show that NTG can take the advantage of wind profiles to save significant energy for the defined goal. C1 [Zhang, Weizhong; Inanc, Tamer] Univ Louisville, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Elfes, Alberto] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Propuls Lab JPL, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Zhang, WZ (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM w0zhan08@gwise.louisville.edu; t.inanc@louisville.edu; elfes@jpl.nasa.gov RI Elfes, Alberto/E-2463-2011 OI Elfes, Alberto/0000-0003-2433-995X FU KY NASA EPSCoR [WKURF 596855-08-02] FX 1This work was partially supported by KY NASA EPSCoR contract WKURF 596855-08-02. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2474-2953 BN 978-1-4244-7813-2 J9 I C CONT AUTOMAT ROB PY 2010 BP 2442 EP 2447 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Robotics GA BVH39 UT WOS:000291559800418 ER PT S AU Debes, JH Hoard, DW Wachter, S Leisawitz, D Cohen, M AF Debes, J. H. Hoard, D. W. Wachter, S. Leisawitz, D. Cohen, M. BE Werner, K Rauch, T TI First Results of the WIRED Survey SO 17TH EUROPEAN WHITE DWARF WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th European White Dwarf Workshop CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Tubingen, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, Univ Tubingen DE circumstellar material; white dwarfs; brown dwarfs ID WHITE-DWARFS; STELLAR EVOLUTION; DISKS; PHOTOMETRY; ACCRETION; PLANETS; CATALOG; STARS AB The WISE IR Excesses around Degenerates (WIRED) Survey is designed to find low mass companions and dusty disks around white dwarfs using NASA's Wide-field Infared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission. WISE has finished scanning the entire sky, and we have currently cross-correlated the SDSS DR4 white dwarf catalogue with 2MASS, UKIDSS, and WISE photometry to identify candidate excess sources. We show the expected sensitivity level of the WIRED Survey to white dwarfs with dust and/or low mass companions, and present two candidate WISE detections. C1 [Debes, J. H.; Leisawitz, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Debes, J. H.] NASA, Washington, DC 32899 USA. [Hoard, D. W.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wachter, S.] CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cohen, M.] Monterey Inst Res Astron, Marina Del Rey, CA 93933 USA. RP Debes, JH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. FU NASA; NSF; Alfred P.Sloan Foundation; U.S.Dept.of Energy, NASA; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society FX This work is based on data from: (a)WISE, which is a joint project of the University of California, LosAngeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (Caltech), funded by NASA;(b)the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS);(c)the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC)/ Caltech, funded by NASA and the NSF;and (d) the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II was provided by the Alfred P.Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the NSF, the U.S.Dept.of Energy, NASA, the Japanese Monbukagakusho,the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. We used the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, and the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which is operated by JPL, Caltech, under a contract with NASA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0823-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1273 BP 164 EP 169 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTK36 UT WOS:000287165200034 ER PT S AU Hoard, DW Debes, JH Wachter, S Leisawitz, DT Cohen, M AF Hoard, D. W. Debes, J. H. Wachter, S. Leisawitz, D. T. Cohen, M. BE Werner, K Rauch, T TI The WISE InfraRed Excesses around Degenerates (WIRED) Survey SO 17TH EUROPEAN WHITE DWARF WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th European White Dwarf Workshop CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Tubingen, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, Univ Tubingen ID WHITE-DWARFS; CATALOG AB The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) is a NASA medium class Explorer mission that performed an all sky survey in four infrared bands. We present an overview of the WISE InfraRed Excesses around Degenerates (WIRED) Survey, which has the goals of characterizing white dwarf stars in the WISE bands, confirming objects known to have infrared excess from past observations, and revealing new examples of white dwarfs with infrared excess that can be attributed to unresolved companions or debris disks. We obtained preliminary WISE detections (S/N > 2) in at least one band of 405 white dwarfs from the 9316 unique possible targets in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4 Catalog of Spectroscopically Identified White Dwarfs (not all potential targets were available in the sky coverage used here). A companion paper in this volume discusses specific results from our target detections. C1 [Hoard, D. W.; Wachter, S.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hoard, D. W.; Leisawitz, D. T.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Smithsonian Astrophy Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wachter, S.] CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cohen, M.] Monterey Res Astronom, Marina Del Rey, CA 93933 USA. RP Hoard, DW (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. FU NASA; UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS); Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS); NSF; Sloan DigitalSky Survey (SDSS); Alfred P.Sloan Foundation; U.S.Dept. of Energy, NASA; apanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England FX This work is based on data from: WISE, which is a joint project of the University of California, LosAngeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (Caltech), funded by NASA; the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS); the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center(IPAC)/Caltech,funded by NASA and the NSF; and the Sloan DigitalSky Survey (SDSS). Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II was provided by the Alfred P.Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institution, the NSF, the U.S.Dept. of Energy, NASA, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. We used the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, and the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, operated by JPL, Caltech, under a contract with NASA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0823-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1273 BP 170 EP 173 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTK36 UT WOS:000287165200035 ER PT S AU Friederich, F Rauch, T Werner, K Koesterke, L Kruk, JW AF Friederich, Felix Rauch, Thomas Werner, Klaus Koesterke, Lars Kruk, Jeffrey W. BE Werner, K Rauch, T TI UV Spectroscopy of the Central Star of the Planetary Nebula Abell 43 SO 17TH EUROPEAN WHITE DWARF WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th European White Dwarf Workshop CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Tubingen, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, Univ Tubingen DE ISM: physical properties; planetary nebulae: nuclei; stars: abundances; stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: atmospheres; stars: wind AB The central star of the planetary nebula Abell 43 (WD 1751+106) is one of only four known so-called hybrid PG 1159 stars. These are hydrogen-deficient due to a late thermal pulse. We present results of a spectral analysis of FUSE, HST / GHRS, and IUE UV observations by means of NLTE model-atmosphere techniques. C1 [Friederich, Felix; Rauch, Thomas; Werner, Klaus] Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Kepler Ctr Astro & Particle Phys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Koesterke, Lars] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Adv Comp Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Kruk, Jeffrey W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Friederich, F (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Kepler Ctr Astro & Particle Phys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RI Kruk, Jeffrey/G-4047-2012 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0823-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1273 BP 231 EP 234 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTK36 UT WOS:000287165200046 ER PT S AU Adamczak, J Werner, K Rauch, T Schuh, S Drake, JJ Kruk, JW AF Adamczak, J. Werner, K. Rauch, T. Schuh, S. Drake, J. J. Kruk, J. W. BE Werner, K Rauch, T TI Analysis of Chandra-LETG spectra of two DA white dwarfs and a PG 1159 star SO 17TH EUROPEAN WHITE DWARF WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th European White Dwarf Workshop CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Tubingen, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, Univ Tubingen DE White dwarfs; Stars: Individual: LB 1919; GD 246; Chandra; X-ray spectroscopy; PG 1159 stars; Individual Objects: PG 1520+525 ID ABUNDANCES AB We present results of model-atmosphere analyses of soft X-ray spectra of three hot WDs. These are the relatively iron-rich DA GD246, the surprisingly metal-poor DA LB 1919, and the H-deficient PG1159-type star PG1520+525. The two DAs are modeled with chemically stratified and with homogeneous NLTE models in order to constrain metal abundances. FUSE and HST spectra are also employed. For the PG 1159 star the effective temperature can be constrained to a precision that is not attained with optical and UV spectroscopy alone. C1 [Adamczak, J.; Werner, K.; Rauch, T.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Kepler Ctr Astro & Particle Phys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Schuh, S.] Univ Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany. [Drake, J. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Kruk, J. W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Adamczak, J (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Kepler Ctr Astro & Particle Phys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. EM adamczak@astro.uni-tuebingen.de; werner@astro.uni-tuebingen.de; rauch@astro.uni-tuebingen.de; schuh@astro.physik.uni-goettingen.de RI Kruk, Jeffrey/G-4047-2012 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0823-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1273 BP 406 EP 411 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTK36 UT WOS:000287165200084 ER PT S AU Debes, JH Kilic, M AF Debes, J. H. Kilic, M. BE Werner, K Rauch, T TI Results from a Magellan Spectroscopic DAZ Monitoring Campaign SO 17TH EUROPEAN WHITE DWARF WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th European White Dwarf Workshop CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Tubingen, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, Univ Tubingen DE circumstellar material; white dwarfs; spectroscopy ID COOL WHITE-DWARFS; METAL ABUNDANCE PATTERNS; ACCRETION; DISKS AB The MIKE optical spectrograph on the Magellan Telescopes is a powerful instrument for detecting and monitoring the faint metal lines present in nearby DAZ white dwarfs. With a spectral resolution of 30,000 and spectra with S/N>20 that cover from 3500 angstrom to 9500 angstrom, we can both monitor the Ca H and K lines as well as search for other metal lines of Mg and Fe. We present monitoring of 30 southern DAZs for variability in their Ca H and K lines, presenting some of our strongest candidates for variability. In addition to these white dwarfs, we have searched other white dwarfs for evidence of metal line absorption. In the process we have found two new DAZs that reside within 15 pc. C1 [Debes, J. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kilic, M.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Debes, JH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0823-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1273 BP 488 EP 491 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTK36 UT WOS:000287165200101 ER PT S AU Brown, BA Lindesay, J AF Brown, Beth A. Lindesay, James BE Oluseyi, HM TI Causal Structures of Dynamic Black Holes SO 2009 JOINT ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF BLACK PHYSICISTS AND THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF HISPANIC PHYSICISTS, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Joint Annual Meeting of the National-Society-of-Black-Physicists/National-Society-of-Hispanic-Physic s CY FEB 11-15, 2009 CL Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN SP Natl Sci Fdn, Natl Aeronautics & Space Adm, Us Dept Energy, Off Naval Res, Fisk Univ, Vanderbilt Univ HO Fisk Univ DE Dynamic black holes; Penrose diagrams; spatially coherent space-times AB Dynamic space-times, especially those manifesting horizons, provide useful laboratories for examining how macroscopic quantum behaviors consistently co-generate gravitational phenomena. For this reason, the behaviors and large-scale causal structures of spatially coherent dynamic black holes will be explored in this presentation. Geodesic motions on an evaporating black hole will also be presented. Research recently completed with Beth Brown, including her final Penrose diagram for an accreting black hole, will be presented. C1 [Brown, Beth A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Brown, BA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0830-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1280 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1063/1.3507200 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BTH72 UT WOS:000286947800001 ER PT S AU Lall, P Vaidya, R More, V Goebel, K Suhling, J AF Lall, Pradeep Vaidya, Rahul More, Vikrant Goebel, Kai Suhling, Jeff GP IEEE TI PHM-BASED RESIDUAL LIFE COMPUTATION OF ELECTRONICS SUBJECTED TO A COMBINATION OF MULTIPLE CYCLIC-THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS SO 2010 12TH IEEE INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS SE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm) CY JUN 02-05, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE DE Prognostics; Reliability; Leading Indicators; Health Management; Lead-free alloys ID SN-AG-CU; LEAD-FREE ELECTRONICS; FAILURE-ENVELOPE APPROACH; SOLDER-JOINT RELIABILITY; FINE-PITCH BGAS; FEATURE-EXTRACTION; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; THERMOMECHANICAL LOADS; VIBRATION SURVIVABILITY; DAMAGE INITIATION AB Electronic assemblies deployed in harsh environments may be subjected to multiple thermal environments during the use-life of the equipment. Often the equipment may not have any macro-indicators of damage such as cracks or delamination. Quantification of thermal environments during use-life is often not feasible because of the data-capture and storage requirements, and the overhead on core-system functionality. There is need for tools and techniques to quantify damage in deployed systems in absence of macro-indicators of damage without knowledge of prior stress history. The presented PHM framework is targeted towards high reliability applications such as avionic and space systems. In this paper, Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu alloy packages have been subjected to multiple thermal cycling environments including -55 to 125C and 0 to 100C. Assemblies investigated include area-array packages soldered on FR4 printed circuit cards. The methodology involves the use of condition monitoring devices, for gathering data on damage pre-cursors at periodic intervals. Damage-state interrogation technique has been developed based on the Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm in conjunction with the microstructural damage evolution proxies. The presented technique is applicable to electronic assemblies which have been deployed on one thermal environment, then withdrawn from service and targeted for redeployment in a different thermal environment. Test cases have been presented to demonstrate the viability of the technique for assessment of prior damage, operational readiness and residual life for assemblies exposed to multiple thermo-mechanical environments. Prognosticated prior damage and the residual life show good correlation with experimental data, demonstrating the validity of the presented technique for multiple thermo-mechanical environments. C1 [Lall, Pradeep; Vaidya, Rahul; More, Vikrant; Suhling, Jeff] Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, NSF Ctr Adv Vehicle & Extreme Environm Elect CAVE, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Goebel, Kai] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lall, P (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, NSF Ctr Adv Vehicle & Extreme Environm Elect CAVE, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM lall@eng.auburn.edu FU NASA-IVHM National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNA08BA21C] FX The research presented in this paper has been supported by NASA-IVHM Program Grant NNA08BA21C from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-9870 BN 978-1-4244-5343-6 J9 INTERSOC C THERMAL T PY 2010 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BTO55 UT WOS:000287517900110 ER PT J AU Gunapala, SD Ting, DZ Hill, CJ Nguyen, J Soibel, A Rafol, SB Keo, SA Mumolo, JM Lee, MC Liu, JK Liao, A AF Gunapala, S. D. Ting, D. Z. Hill, C. J. Nguyen, J. Soibel, A. Rafol, S. B. Keo, S. A. Mumolo, J. M. Lee, M. C. Liu, J. K. Liao, A. GP IEEE TI Demonstration of Megapixel LWIR Superlattice Focal Plane Array SO 2010 23RD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the IEEE Photonics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2010 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE Photon Soc C1 [Gunapala, S. D.; Ting, D. Z.; Hill, C. J.; Nguyen, J.; Soibel, A.; Rafol, S. B.; Keo, S. A.; Mumolo, J. M.; Lee, M. C.; Liu, J. K.; Liao, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5369-6 PY 2010 BP 637 EP 638 DI 10.1109/PHOTONICS.2010.5699049 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BTS83 UT WOS:000287997500321 ER PT S AU Beaubouef, T Petry, FE AF Beaubouef, Theresa Petry, Frederick E. GP IEEE TI Database Security Issues in Rough Relational Databases SO 2010 42ND SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY (SSST) SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd South Eastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 07-09, 2010 CL Univ Texas, Tyler, TX HO Univ Texas DE rough sets; database security; information theory; entropy; rough relational database ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; UNCERTAINTY; COMMUNICATION AB In this paper we consider security issues that arise in imprecise databases based on rough set theory. The aspect of security considered is similar to that in statistical databases for which a combination of queries cannot reveal exact values of attributes. Information theory measures are used to characterize security for imprecise databases. C1 [Beaubouef, Theresa] Southeastern Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. [Petry, Frederick E.] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Beaubouef, T (reprint author), Southeastern Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4244-5692-5 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2010 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTN66 UT WOS:000287413500068 ER PT S AU Lee, JS Griss, M Chafekar, D Chandra, U AF Lee, Juong-Sik Griss, Martin Chafekar, Deepti Chandra, Umesh GP IEEE TI Personal Relationship Management via Mobile Phone SO 2010 7TH IEEE CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE-CCNC 2010 SE IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference CY JAN 09-12, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, Samsung, Nokia AB Efficiently maintaining and managing personal relationships have become imperative in our personal and professional lives. In this paper we describe the design of a mobile Personal Relationship Manager (PRM), a prototype implementation on Nokia S60 smartphones, and results from initial user studies. The PRM system automatically extracts and manages contacts and their network from user's various communication activities, and provides various functions for managing personal communications efficiently. Our contributions are to make it easy to enable the users to manage personal relationships and communications, and the user studies that validate the design of our prototype. C1 [Lee, Juong-Sik; Chafekar, Deepti; Chandra, Umesh] Nokia Res Ctr, 955 Page Mill Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Griss, Martin] NASA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Nokia Res Ctr, 955 Page Mill Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM juong-sik.lee@nokia.com; martin.griss@sv.cmu.edu; deepti.chafekar@nokia.com; umesh.1.chandra@nokia.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2331-9852 BN 978-1-4244-5175-3 J9 CONSUM COMM NETWORK PY 2010 BP 216 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BRI28 UT WOS:000282765100043 ER PT S AU Stepanyan, V Krishnakumar, K AF Stepanyan, Vahram Krishnakumar, Kalmanje GP IEEE TI MRAC Revisited: Guaranteed Performance with Reference Model Modification SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD ID REFERENCE ADAPTIVE-CONTROL; TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE; IMPROVEMENT AB This paper presents modification of the conventional model reference adaptive control (MRAC) architecture in order to achieve guaranteed transient performance both in the output and input signals of an uncertain system. The proposed modification is based on the tracking error feedback to the reference model. It is shown that approach guarantees tracking of a given command and the ideal control signal (one that would be designed if the system were known) not only asymptotically but also in transient by a proper selection of the error feedback gain. The method prevents generation of high frequency oscillations that are unavoidable in conventional MRAC systems for large adaptation rates. The provided design guideline makes it possible to track a reference command of any magnitude form any initial position without re-tuning. The benefits of the method are demonstrated in simulations. C1 [Stepanyan, Vahram; Krishnakumar, Kalmanje] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Miss Crit Technol Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Stepanyan, V (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Miss Crit Technol Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM vahram.stepanyan@nasa.gov; kalmanje.krishnakumar@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187900014 ER PT S AU Yildiz, Y Kolmanovsky, IV AF Yildiz, Yildiray Kolmanovsky, Ilya V. GP IEEE TI A Control Allocation Technique to Recover From Pilot-Induced Oscillations (CAPIO) due to Actuator Rate Limiting SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD ID RATE-SATURATING ACTUATORS; DESIGN AB This paper proposes a control allocation technique that can help pilots recover from pilot induced oscillations (PIO). When actuators are rate-saturated due to aggressive pilot commands, high gain flight control systems or some anomaly in the system, the effective delay in the control loop may increase depending on the nature of the cause. This effective delay increase manifests itself as a phase shift between the commanded and actual system signals and can instigate PIOs. The proposed control allocator reduces the effective time delay by minimizing the phase shift between the commanded and the actual attitude accelerations. Simulation results are reported, which demonstrate phase shift minimization and recovery from PIOs. Conversion of the objective function to be minimized and constraints to a form that is suitable for implementation is given. C1 [Yildiz, Yildiray] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, UC Santa Cruz, MS 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kolmanovsky, Ilya V.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Yildiz, Y (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, UC Santa Cruz, MS 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM yildiray.yildiz@nasa.gov; ilya@umich.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 516 EP 523 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187900085 ER PT S AU Ryan, JJ Speyer, JL AF Ryan, John J. Speyer, Jason L. GP IEEE TI Peak-Seeking Control Using Gradient and Hessian Estimates SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD ID OPTIMIZATION AB A peak-seeking control method is presented which utilizes a linear time-varying Kalman filter. Performance function coordinate and magnitude measurements are used by the Kalman filter to estimate the gradient and Hessian of the performance function. The gradient and Hessian are used to command the system toward a local extremum. The method is naturally applied to multiple-input multiple-output systems. Applications of this technique to a single-input single-output example and a two-input one-output example are presented. C1 [Ryan, John J.] NASA, DFRC, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Speyer, Jason L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Ryan, JJ (reprint author), NASA, DFRC, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 611 EP 616 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187900101 ER PT S AU Acikmese, B Blackmore, L AF Acikmese, Behcet Blackmore, Lars GP IEEE TI Lossless Convexification of a Class of Non-Convex Optimal Control Problems for Linear Systems SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD ID MODEL-PREDICTIVE CONTROL; DESCENT GUIDANCE AB We consider a class of finite time horizon optimal control problems for continuous time linear systems with a convex cost, convex state constraints and non-convex control constraints. We propose a convex relaxation of the non-convex control constraints, and prove that the optimal solution of the relaxed problem is also an optimal solution for the original problem. This lossless convexification approach enables the use of interior point methods of convex optimization to obtain globally optimal solutions of the original non-convex optimal control problem. We demonstrate this solution approach with a number of planetary soft landing problems. C1 [Acikmese, Behcet; Blackmore, Lars] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Acikmese, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM behcet@jpl.nasa.gov; lars@jpl.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 776 EP 781 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187901027 ER PT S AU Ono, M Blackmore, L Williams, BC AF Ono, Masahiro Blackmore, Lars Williams, Brian C. GP IEEE TI Chance Constrained Finite Horizon Optimal Control with Nonconvex Constraints SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD ID MODEL-PREDICTIVE CONTROL AB This paper considers finite-horizon optimal control for dynamic systems subject to additive Gaussian-distributed stochastic disturbance and a chance constraint on the system state defined on a non-convex feasible space. The chance constraint requires that the probability of constraint violation is below a user-specified risk bound. A great deal of recent work has studied joint chance constraints, which are defined on the a conjunction of linear state constraints. These constraints can handle convex feasible regions, but do not extend readily to problems with non-convex state spaces, such as path planning with obstacles. In this paper we extend our prior work on chance constrained control in non-convex feasible regions to develop a new algorithm that solves the chance constrained control problem with very little conservatism compared to prior approaches. In order to address the non-convex chance constrained optimization problem, we present two innovative ideas in this paper. First, we develop a new bounding method to obtain a set of decomposed chance constraints that is a sufficient condition of the original chance constraint. The decomposition of the chance constraint enables its efficient evaluation, as well as the application of the branch and bound method. However, the slow computation of the branch and bound algorithm prevents practical applications. This issue is addressed by our second innovation called Fixed Risk Relaxation (FRR), which efficiently gives a tight lower bound to the convex chance-constrained optimization problem. Our empirical results show that the FRR typically makes branch and bound algorithm 10-20 times faster. In addition we show that the new algorithm is significantly less conservative than the existing approach. C1 [Ono, Masahiro; Williams, Brian C.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Blackmore, Lars] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Ono, M (reprint author), MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM hiro_ono@mit.edu; Lars@jpl.nasa.gov; williams@mit.edu NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 1145 EP 1152 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187901087 ER PT S AU Frost, SA Bodson, M AF Frost, Susan A. Bodson, Marc GP IEEE TI Resource Balancing Control Allocation SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD ID REENTRY VEHICLES; ALGORITHMS AB Next generation aircraft with a large number of actuators will require advanced control allocation methods to compute the actuator commands needed to follow desired trajectories while respecting system constraints. Previously, algorithms were proposed to minimize the l(1) or l(2) norms of the tracking error and of the control effort. The paper discusses the alternative choice of using the l(1) norm for minimization of the tracking error and a normalized l(infinity) norm, or sup norm, for minimization of the control effort. The algorithm computes the norm of the actuator deflections scaled by the actuator limits. Minimization of the control effort then translates into the minimization of the maximum actuator deflection as a percentage of its range of motion. The paper shows how the problem can be solved effectively by converting it into a linear program and solving it using a simplex algorithm. Properties of the algorithm are investigated through examples. In particular, the min-max criterion results in a type of resource balancing, where the resources are the control surfaces and the algorithm balances these resources to achieve the desired command. A study of the sensitivity of the algorithms to the data is presented, which shows that the normalized l(infinity) algorithm has the lowest sensitivity, although high sensitivities are observed whenever the limits of performance are reached. C1 [Frost, Susan A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bodson, Marc] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Frost, SA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM susan.a.frost@nasa.gov; bodson@eng.utah.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 1326 EP 1331 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187901116 ER PT S AU Nhan, TN AF Nhan T. Nguyen GP IEEE TI Optimal Control Modification Adaptive Law for Time-Scale Separated Systems SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD AB Recently a new optimal control modification has been introduced that can achieve robust adaptation with a large adaptive gain without incurring high-frequency oscillations as with the standard model-reference adaptive control. This modification is based on an optimal control formulation to minimize the L(2) norm of the tracking error. The optimal control modification adaptive law results in a stable adaptation in the presence of a large adaptive gain. This study examines the optimal control modification adaptive law in the context of a system with a time scale separation resulting from a fast plant with a slow actuator. A singular perturbation analysis is performed to derive a modification to the adaptive law by transforming the original system into a reduced-order system in slow time. A model matching conditions in the transformed time coordinate results in an increase in the actuator command that effectively compensate for the slow actuator dynamics. Simulations demonstrate effectiveness of the method. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Nhan, TN (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Nhan.T.Nguyen@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 2470 EP 2475 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187902141 ER PT S AU Frost, SA Balas, MJ Wright, AD AF Frost, Susan A. Balas, Mark J. Wright, Alan D. GP IEEE TI Augmented Adaptive Control of a Wind Turbine in the Presence of Structural Modes SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD ID SYSTEMS; SPACE AB Wind turbines operate in highly turbulent environments resulting in aerodynamic loads that can easily excite turbine structural modes, potentially causing component fatigue and failure. Two key technology drivers for turbine manufacturers are increasing turbine up time and reducing maintenance costs. Since the trend in wind turbine design is towards larger, more flexible turbines with lower frequency structural modes, manufacturers will want to develop methods to operate in the presence of these modes. Accurate models of the dynamic characteristics of new wind turbines are often not available due to the complexity and expense of the modeling task, making wind turbines ideally suited to adaptive control. In this paper, we develop theory for adaptive control with rejection of disturbances in the presence of modes that inhibit the controller. We use this method to design an adaptive collective pitch controller for a high-fidelity simulation of a utility-scale, variable-speed wind turbine operating in Region 3. The objective of the adaptive pitch controller is to regulate generator speed, accommodate wind gusts, and reduce the interference of certain structural modes in feedback. The control objective is accomplished by collectively pitching the turbine blades. The adaptive pitch controller for Region 3 is compared in simulations with a baseline classical Proportional Integrator (PI) collective pitch controller. C1 [Frost, Susan A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Wright, Alan D.] DOE, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Balas, Mark J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Frost, SA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM susan.a.frost@nasa.gov; mbalas@uwyo.edu; alan_wright@nrel.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 2760 EP 2765 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187903025 ER PT S AU Dong, LL Edwards, J AF Dong, Lili Edwards, Jason GP IEEE TI Closed-loop Voltage Control of a Parallel-plate MEMS Electrostatic Actuator SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD DE Electrostatic actuator; MEMS; ADRC; ESO; stability; robustness ID PULL-IN; MICROACTUATORS; TRAVEL; RANGE AB This paper addresses the control problem of extending the travel range of a MEMS electrostatic actuator through a closed-loop voltage control scheme. Since the electrostatic actuator is inherently unstable due to its pull-in limit, one of the major control goals is to stabilize the actuator system beyond the limit. In addition, the controller has to be robust against external disturbances and noise. After comparing and analyzing the advanced controllers being reported, an active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) is originally employed to the micro actuator to solve the control problem. The ADRC mainly consists of an extended state observer (ESO) and a PD controller. The ESO is used to estimate system states and the external disturbance, which can be taken as an augmented state of the ESO. The PD controller based on the observed states drives the displacement output of the actuator to a desired level. The ADRC is successfully simulated onto a parallel-plate electrostatic actuator. The simulation results verified the effectiveness of the controller through extending the travel range of the actuator to 99% of the initial gap between two plates in the presences of noise and disturbance. C1 [Dong, Lili] Cleveland State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Edwards, Jason] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Dong, LL (reprint author), Cleveland State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. EM L.Dong34@csuohio.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 3409 EP 3414 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187903130 ER PT S AU Barlow, JS AF Barlow, Jonathan S. GP IEEE TI Data-Based Predictive Control with Multirate Prediction Step SO 2010 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD AB Data-based predictive control is an emerging control method that stems from Model Predictive Control (MPC). MPC computes current control action based on a prediction of the system output a number of time steps into the future and is generally derived from a known model of the system. Data-based predictive control has the advantage of deriving predictive models and controller gains from input-output data. Thus, a controller can be designed from the outputs of complex simulation code or a physical system where no explicit model exists. If the output data happens to be corrupted by periodic disturbances, the designed controller will also have the built-in ability to reject these disturbances without the need to know them. When data-based predictive control is implemented online, it becomes a version of adaptive control. One challenge of MPC is computational requirements increasing with prediction horizon length. This paper develops a closed-loop dynamic output feedback controller that minimizes a multi-step-ahead receding-horizon cost function with multirate prediction step. One result is a reduced influence of prediction horizon and the number of system outputs on the computational requirements of the controller. Another result is an emphasis on portions of the prediction window that are sampled more frequently. A third result is the ability to include more outputs in the feedback path than in the cost function. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Stinger Gaffarian Technol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Barlow, JS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Stinger Gaffarian Technol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jonathan.s.barlow@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-7427-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2010 BP 5513 EP 5519 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BTK95 UT WOS:000287187905150 ER PT J AU Ponchak, GE Scardelletti, MC Jordan, JL AF Ponchak, George E. Scardelletti, Maximilian C. Jordan, Jennifer L. GP IEEE TI 30 and 90 MHz Oscillators Operating Through 450 and 470 degrees C for High Temperature Wireless Sensors SO 2010 ASIA-PACIFIC MICROWAVE CONFERENCE SE Asia Pacific Microwave Conference-Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC) CY DEC 07-10, 2010 CL Yokohama, JAPAN SP Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, IEEE MTT S, IEEE AP S, EuMA, URSI, IEEE MTT S Japan Kansai Nagoya Chapters, IEICE Tech Grp Microwaves, IEICE Tech Grp Microwave Simulator Technol, Japan Inst Elect Packaging, Japan Soc Electromagnet Wave Energy Applicat, IEEJ Res Comm Millimeter Wave Engn & Sci, Murata Sci Fdn, Telecommunicat Advancement Fdn DE SiC; Oscillator; High Temperature; Wireless Sensor AB This paper presents the first demonstration of oscillators operating above 400 degrees C. The oscillators are fabricated with Cree SiC MESFETs and thin film, MIM capacitors and inductors on an alumina substrate. The tank circuit inductor is used to magnetically couple the oscillator signal to a coil placed 1 m from the circuit. The first oscillator is designed at 30 MHz, it operated at 27.8 MHz, and the second is designed to operate at 100 MHz, it operated at 90 MHz. The 30 MHz oscillator operated through 450 degrees C and the 100 MHz oscillator operated through 470 degrees C. The received power, frequency, and phase noise as a function of temperature is presented. In addition, the failure mechanism of the oscillator is discussed. C1 [Ponchak, George E.; Scardelletti, Maximilian C.; Jordan, Jennifer L.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Ponchak, GE (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM george.ponchak@ieee.org; Maximilian.C.Scardelletti@nasa.gov; jennifer.l.jordan@nasa.gov FU NASA Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) program FX This work was supported by the NASA Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) program. The authors thank Nicholas C. Varaljay and Elizabeth A. McQuaid for fabricating the circuits. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-4-902339-22-2 J9 ASIA PACIF MICROWAVE PY 2010 BP 1027 EP 1030 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BG9WK UT WOS:000394046200250 ER PT S AU Roberts, AC Huning, JR Brenguier, JL Albertson, RT AF Roberts, A. C. Huning, J. R. Brenguier, J-L Albertson, R. T. GP ISPRS TI Development of an International Forum which Coordinates Airborne Science Platform Capabilities SO 2010 CANADIAN GEOMATICS CONFERENCE AND SYMPOSIUM OF COMMISSION I, ISPRS CONVERGENCE IN GEOMATICS - SHAPING CANADA'S COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Canadian Geomatics Conference / Symposium of Commission I,International-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing Convergence in Geomatics - Shaping Canada's Competitive Landscape CY JUN 15-18, 2010 CL Calgary, CANADA SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE EUFAR; ICCAGRA; Research Aircraft; Airborne Science; Geoscience Aircraft AB There are two major science airborne platform organizations, European Facility for Airborne Research (EUFAR) and Interagency Coordinating Committee for Airborne Geoscience Research and Applications (ICCAGRA), which combined, operate about 80 aircraft for science missions. EUFAR operates primarily aircraft based in the European Union to support its remote sensing and in-situ experiments or sensor developments. The EUFAR works with multiple agencies from its member countries to support its airborne platform requirements. ICCAGRA is a US Government organization that primarily coordinates activities between the member agencies in support of scientific research by airborne platforms. In addition, China, Canada, Australia, Brazil, Costa Rica, and others, all have smaller internal programs using airborne platforms for their scientific in-situ and remote sensing studies. As a result of little coordination between these varied international organizations, there are many lost opportunities to the science community thus hampering the potential data acquisition yields from the missions that are flown. These barriers are physical, regulatory, availability, procedural, etc. There is a need for an international forum to address these issues and develop ways to counter the barriers so the platforms can maximize their scientific contributions through building awareness, education, developing physical methodologies to interface equipment, engaging regulatory authorities, developing joint processes between governments and science agencies for utilizing excess capacity, etc. These issues need to be discussed in an international venue where we as a science community can improve our collaboration and develop ways to maximize the science effectiveness from these expensive facilities. C1 [Roberts, A. C.] NGC, Informat Syst, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. [Huning, J. R.] SAIC Inc, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Brenguier, J-L] METEO FRANCE, F-31057 Toulouse 1, France. [Albertson, R. T.] NASA, HQ, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Roberts, AC (reprint author), NGC, Informat Syst, 9326 Spectrum Ctr Dr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM a.roberts@ngc.com; jimhuning@gmail.com; bureau@eufar.net; randal.t.albertson@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38 PN 1 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD1RP UT WOS:000358301700017 ER PT J AU Geng, JH Wang, Q Smith, J Luo, T Amzajerdian, F Jiang, SB AF Geng, Jihong Wang, Qing Smith, Jake Luo, Tao Amzajerdian, Farzin Jiang, Shibin GP IEEE TI All-fiber Q-switched single-frequency Tm-doped laser SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID 2 MU-M AB We present an all-fiber Q-switched single-frequency laser oscillator operating in the eye-safe region at 1950nm, which is, to our best knowledge, the first demonstration of a Q-switched single-frequency fiber laser near 2 mu m. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Geng, Jihong; Wang, Qing; Smith, Jake; Luo, Tao; Jiang, Shibin] AdValue Photon Inc, 4585 S Palo Verde Rd,Suite 405, Tucson, AZ 85714 USA. [Amzajerdian, Farzin] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Geng, JH (reprint author), AdValue Photon Inc, 4585 S Palo Verde Rd,Suite 405, Tucson, AZ 85714 USA. EM jgeng@advaluephotonics.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513602332 ER PT J AU Jiang, Y Ding, YJJ Zotova, IB Prasad, NS AF Jiang, Yi Ding, Yujie J. Zotova, Ioulia B. Prasad, Narasimha S. GP IEEE TI Frequency upconversion in periodically-poled LiNbO3 capable of achieving single-photon sensitivities for detections at 1.27 mu m and 1.57 mu m SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB We have demonstrated that frequency upconversion in periodically-poled LiNbO3 is capable of reaching single-photon sensitivities for detections at 1.27 mu m and 1.57 mu m at room temperature. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Jiang, Yi; Ding, Yujie J.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Zotova, Ioulia B.] ArkLight, Center Valley, PA 18034 USA. [Prasad, Narasimha S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Laser Remote Sensing Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Jiang, Y (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM yud2@lehigh.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513601038 ER PT J AU Soibel, A Frez, C Ksendzov, A Qiu, Y Forouhar, S Chen, J Hosoda, T Kipshidze, G Shterengas, L Tsvid, G Belenky, G AF Soibel, A. Frez, C. Ksendzov, A. Qiu, Y. Forouhar, S. Chen, J. Hosoda, T. Kipshidze, G. Shterengas, L. Tsvid, G. Belenky, G. GP IEEE TI 3.2 mu m Single Spatial Mode Diode Lasers Operating at Room Temperature SO 2010 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (QELS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS) CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA AB Ridge waveguide type-I quantum-well GaSb-based diode lasers, with active regions utilizing InGaAsSb/AlInGaAsSb quantum wells, have been demonstrated to operate at temperatures as high as 40 degrees C with 1 mW of power at wavelengths above 3.2 mu m. (C) 2010. Optical Society of America C1 [Soibel, A.; Frez, C.; Ksendzov, A.; Qiu, Y.; Forouhar, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Chen, J.; Hosoda, T.; Kipshidze, G.; Shterengas, L.; Tsvid, G.; Belenky, G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Soibel, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Alexander.Soibel@jpl.nasa.gov RI Chen, Jianfeng/D-8206-2011 FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA95500810458]; US Army Research Office [W911NF0610399]; JPL Director's Research and Development Fund (DRDF); AEMC program; NASA's Exploration Systems Mission Directorate FX This work was supported by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contract FA95500810458, US Army Research Office under contract W911NF0610399, by JPL Director's Research and Development Fund (DRDF) and by AEMC program, NASA's Exploration Systems Mission Directorate. Part of the research described in this letter was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-890-2 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BUW45 UT WOS:000290513601216 ER PT S AU Chamberlain, N Chen, J Hodges, R Hughes, R Jakoboski, J AF Chamberlain, N. Chen, J. Hodges, R. Hughes, R. Jakoboski, J. GP IEEE TI Juno Microwave Radiometer All-Metal Patch Array Antennas SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI C1 [Chamberlain, N.; Chen, J.; Hodges, R.; Hughes, R.; Jakoboski, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Chamberlain, N (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Neil.F.Chamberlain@jpl.nasa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212402114 ER PT S AU Hoppe, DJ Khayatian, B Sosnowski, JB AF Hoppe, Daniel J. Khayatian, Behrouz Sosnowski, John B. GP IEEE TI The Deep Space Network's X/X/Ka Feed: Modifications for 100 kW CW Uplink Operation SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI C1 [Hoppe, Daniel J.; Khayatian, Behrouz; Sosnowski, John B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hoppe, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 238-737, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Daniel.J.Hoppe@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212402109 ER PT S AU Imbriale, WA AF Imbriale, William A. GP IEEE TI Faster Antenna Noise Temperature Calculations using a Novel Approximation Technique SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Imbriale, WA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Imbriale@jpl.nasa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212403033 ER PT S AU Llombart, N Cooper, KB Dengler, RJ Siegel, PH AF Llombart, Nuria Cooper, Ken B. Dengler, Robert J. Siegel, Peter H. GP IEEE TI Terahertz Reflector Antenna System for a Scanned and Multiplexed FMCW Radar SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI C1 [Llombart, Nuria; Cooper, Ken B.; Dengler, Robert J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Llombart, Nuria; Siegel, Peter H.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Escuela Opt, Madrid, Spain. RP Llombart, N (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212402112 ER PT S AU Mueller, CH Miranda, FA AF Mueller, Carl H. Miranda, Felix A. GP IEEE TI High Temperature Permittivity Measurements of Alumina Enhanced Thermal Barrier (AETB-8) Material for CEV Antenna Radomes SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI AB Alumina Enhanced Thermal Barrier (AEBT-8) material is currently being considered as a potential radome material for phased array antennas that will be conformally mounted to the outer surface of NASA's Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle. Accordingly, there is a need to establish if the dielectric properties of the AEBT-8 material change as a function of temperature. In this paper we discuss the measurements of the real (epsilon(r)') and imaginary (epsilon(r)'') parts of the dielectric constant of AEBT-8 at temperatures from 25-900 degrees C and in the frequency range from 2-18 GHz. Our results show that neither epsilon(r)' or epsilon(r)'' showed a measurable temperature dependence when tested in the aforementioned temperature range. Comparison at room temperature to measurements taken using the waveguide technique showed good agreement for epsilon(r)', but the epsilon(r)'' values for the AETB-8 material are so low that diffraction phenomena limits the accuracy of the results obtained using the free space technique. C1 [Mueller, Carl H.] QinetiQ N Amer Operat, Mission Solut Grp, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Miranda, Felix A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Mueller, CH (reprint author), QinetiQ N Amer Operat, Mission Solut Grp, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Felix.A.Miranda@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212403136 ER PT S AU Nessel, JA Acosta, RJ AF Nessel, James A. Acosta, Roberto J. GP IEEE TI Atmospheric Compensation for Uplink Arrays via Radiometry SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI C1 [Nessel, James A.; Acosta, Roberto J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Nessel, JA (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM james.a.nessel@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212400068 ER PT S AU Yu, A Yang, F Elsherbeni, AZ Huang, J AF Yu, A. Yang, F. Elsherbeni, A. Z. Huang, J. GP IEEE TI Experimental Demonstration of a Single Layer Tri-band Circularly Polarized Reflectarray SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI ID ELEMENTS; ANTENNA C1 [Yu, A.; Yang, F.; Elsherbeni, A. Z.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Elect Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. [Huang, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Yu, A (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Elect Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. EM ayu@olemiss.edu; fyang@olemiss.edu; atef@olemiss.edu; john.huang3313@gmail.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212404081 ER PT S AU Zawadzki, M Rengarajan, S Hodges, RE Chen, J AF Zawadzki, M. Rengarajan, S. Hodges, R. E. Chen, J. GP IEEE TI Low-Sidelobe Slot Arrays for the Juno Microwave Radiometer SO 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation/CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 11-17, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, URSI C1 [Zawadzki, M.; Rengarajan, S.; Hodges, R. E.; Chen, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Zawadzki, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Mark.S.Zawadzki@jpl.nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-4968-2 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTL34 UT WOS:000287212400149 ER PT S AU Celaya, JR Wysocki, P Vashchenko, V Saha, S Goebel, K AF Celaya, Jose R. Wysocki, Philip Vashchenko, Vladislav Saha, Sankalita Goebel, Kai GP IEEE TI Accelerated Aging System for Prognostics of Power Semiconductor Devices SO 2010 IEEE AUTOTESTCON SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2010 Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 13-16, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE prognostics; electronics prognostics; accelerated life testing ID MODULES; RELIABILITY AB Prognostics is an engineering discipline that focuses on estimation of the health state of a component and the prediction of its remaining useful life (RUL) before failure. Health state estimation is based on actual conditions and it is fundamental for the prediction of RUL under anticipated future usage. Failure of electronic devices is of great concern as future aircraft will see an increase of electronics to drive and control safety-critical equipment throughout the aircraft. Therefore, development of prognostics solutions for electronics is of key importance. This paper presents an accelerated aging system for gate-controlled power transistors. This system allows for the understanding of the effects of failure mechanisms, and the identification of leading indicators of failure which are essential in the development of physics-based degradation models and RUL prediction. In particular, this system isolates electrical overstress from thermal overstress. Also, this system allows for a precise control of internal temperatures, enabling the exploration of intrinsic failure mechanisms not related to the device packaging. By controlling the temperature within safe operation levels of the device, accelerated aging is induced by electrical overstress only, avoiding the generation of thermal cycles. The temperature is controlled by active thermal-electric units. Several electrical and thermal signals are measured in-situ and recorded for further analysis in the identification of leading indicators of failures. This system, therefore, provides a unique capability in the exploration of different failure mechanisms and the identification of precursors of failure that can be used to provide a health management solution for electronic devices. C1 [Celaya, Jose R.] SGT Inc, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94040 USA. [Wysocki, Philip] NASA Ames Res Ctr, ASRC Aerospace, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Vashchenko, Vladislav] Natl Semicond Corp, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Saha, Sankalita] MCT Inc, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Goebel, Kai] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Celaya, JR (reprint author), SGT Inc, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94040 USA. FU NASA Aviation Safety Program- IVHM Project FX This work was funded by NASA Aviation Safety Program- IVHM Project. The authors would like to acknowledge intern Shompa Mahiuddin for helping in the set up and monitoring of accelerated aging experiments; and Dr. Antonio Ginart from Impact Technologies for technical discussions and suggestions. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-7959-7 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2010 BP 118 EP 123 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTI75 UT WOS:000287044100024 ER PT S AU Lansdowne, CA Maclean, JR Graffagnino, FJ McCartney, PA AF Lansdowne, Chatwin A. Maclean, John R. Graffagnino, Frank J. McCartney, Patrick A. GP IEEE TI Automation Hooks Architecture Trade Study for Flexible Test Orchestration SO 2010 IEEE AUTOTESTCON SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2010 Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 13-16, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE Software standards; Test equipment; Test facilities; Testing; Software management; Software reusability AB We describe the conclusions of a technology and communities survey supported by concurrent and follow-on proof-of-concept prototyping to evaluate feasibility of defining a durable, versatile, reliable, visible software interface to support strategic modularization of test software development. The objective is that test sets and support software with diverse origins, ages, and abilities can be reliably integrated into test configurations that assemble and tear down and reassemble with scalable complexity in order to conduct both parametric tests and monitored trial runs. The resulting approach is based on integration of three recognized technologies that are currently gaining acceptance within the test industry and when combined provide a simple, open and scalable test orchestration architecture that addresses the objectives of the Automation Hooks task. The technologies are automated discovery using multicast DNS Zero Configuration Networking (zeroconf), commanding and data retrieval using resource-oriented Restful Web Services, and XML data transfer formats based on Automatic Test Markup Language (ATML). This open-source standards-based approach provides direct integration with existing commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) analysis software tools. C1 [Lansdowne, Chatwin A.] NASA, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Maclean, John R.] METECS, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Lansdowne, CA (reprint author), NASA, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM chatwin.lansdowne@nasa.gov; john.r.maclean@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-7959-7 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2010 BP 193 EP 195 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTI75 UT WOS:000287044100037 ER PT S AU Kulkarni, C Biswas, G Koutsoukos, X Celaya, J Goebel, K AF Kulkarni, Chetan Biswas, Gautam Koutsoukos, Xenofon Celaya, Jose Goebel, Kai GP IEEE TI Integrated Diagnostic/Prognostic Experimental Setup for Capacitor Degradation and Health Monitoring SO 2010 IEEE AUTOTESTCON SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2010 Systems Readiness Technology Conference CY SEP 13-16, 2010 CL Orlando, FL ID ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS AB This paper proposes the experiments and setups for studying diagnosis and prognosis of electrolytic capacitors in DC-DC power converters. Electrolytic capacitors and power MOSFET's have higher failure rates than other components in DC-DC converter systems. Currently, our work focuses on experimental analysis and modeling electrolytic capacitors degradation and its effects on the output of DC-DC converter systems. The output degradation is typically measured by the increase in Equivalent series resistance and decrease in capacitance leading to output ripple currents. Typically, the ripple current effects dominate, and they can have adverse effects on downstream components. A model based approach to studying degradation phenomena enables us to combine the physics based modeling of the DC-DC converter with physics of failure models of capacitor degradation, and predict using stochastic simulation methods how system performance deteriorates with time. Degradation experiments were conducted where electrolytic capacitors were subjected to electrical and thermal stress to accelerate the aging of the system. This more systematic analysis may provide a more general and accurate method for computing the remaining useful life (RUL) of the component and the converter system. C1 [Kulkarni, Chetan; Biswas, Gautam; Koutsoukos, Xenofon] Vanderbilt Univ, ISIS, Dept EECS, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. [Celaya, Jose] SGT Inc, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Goebel, Kai] SGT Inc, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Kulkarni, C (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, ISIS, Dept EECS, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. EM chetan.kulkarni@vanderbilt.edu; jose.r.celaya@nasa.gov FU NASA NRA - NNX07ADIZA FX The experiments for this paper were conducted at the Prognostics Center of Excellence, NASA Ames Research.. This project was funded by NASA NRA - NNX07ADIZA, where Vanderbilt has a subcontract from Honeywell Labs, Minneapolis. We thank Raj Bharadwaj ( PI ), Adam Sweet ( COTAR )and Scott Poll of NASA Ames for their helpful suggestions. We would also like to thank Mona Fahimi at the NASA Ames PCoE lab for her help during the experiments and developing the hardware. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-7959-7 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2010 BP 351 EP 357 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTI75 UT WOS:000287044100071 ER PT S AU Ivancic, WD Paulsen, P Stewart, D Eddy, W McKim, J Taylor, J Lynch, S Heberle, J Northam, J Jackson, C Wood, L AF Ivancic, William D. Paulsen, Phillip Stewart, Dave Eddy, Wesley McKim, James Taylor, John Lynch, Scott Heberle, Jay Northam, James Jackson, Chris Wood, Lloyd GP IEEE TI Large File Transfers from Space using Multiple Ground Terminals and Delay-Tolerant Networking SO 2010 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE GLOBECOM 2010 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2010) CY DEC 06-10, 2010 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE DE Communication; delay-tolerant networking; DTN; satellite; Internet; protocols; bundle; IP; TCP AB We use Delay-Tolerant Networking (DTN) to break control loops between space-ground communication links and ground-ground communication links to increase overall file delivery efficiency, as well as to enable large files to be proactively fragmented and received across multiple ground stations. DTN proactive fragmentation and reactive fragmentation were demonstrated from the UK-DMC satellite using two independent ground stations. The files were reassembled at a bundle agent, located at Glenn Research Center in Cleveland Ohio. The first space-based demonstration of this occurred on September 30 and October 1, 2009. This paper details those experiments. C1 [Ivancic, William D.; Paulsen, Phillip; Stewart, Dave; Eddy, Wesley; McKim, James] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Ivancic, WD (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-5638-3 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS42 UT WOS:000287977401038 ER PT S AU Jeon, SJ Hwang, E Kumar, BVKV Cheng, MK AF Jeon, Seungjune Hwang, Euiseok Kumar, B. V. K. Vijaya Cheng, Michael K. GP IEEE TI LDPC Codes for Memory Systems with Scrubbing SO 2010 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE GLOBECOM 2010 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2010) CY DEC 06-10, 2010 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE AB In space, radiation particles can introduce temporary or permanent errors in memory systems. To protect against potential memory faults, either thick shielding or error correcting codes (ECC) are used. Thick shielding translates into increased mass and conventional ECCs designed for memories are typically capable of only correcting a single error and detecting a double error. Decoding is usually performed through hard-decisions where bits are treated as either correct or flipped in polarity. In this work, we demonstrate that low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes that are already prevalent in many communication applications can also be used to protect memories in space. We develop a channel that models memory error events in a space radiation environment. We describe how to compute soft symbol reliabilities on our channel and compare the performance of soft-decision decoding LDPC codes against conventional hard-decision decoding of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes and Bose-Chaudhuri-Hoquenghem (BCH) codes for a specific memory structure. C1 [Jeon, Seungjune; Hwang, Euiseok; Kumar, B. V. K. Vijaya] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Data Storage Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Cheng, Michael K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Jeon, SJ (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Data Storage Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sjeon@cmu.edu; euiseokh@cmu.edu; kumar@ece.cmu.edu; mkcheng@jpl.nasa.gov FU California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory Strategic University Research Partnership FX This research is supported in part by a California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory Strategic University Research Partnership grant. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-5638-3 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS42 UT WOS:000287977401099 ER PT S AU Rahman, MS Atiquzzaman, M Eddy, W Ivancic, W AF Rahman, Md Sazzadur Atiquzzaman, Mohammed Eddy, Wesley Ivancic, William GP IEEE TI Performance Comparison between MIPv6 and SEMO6 SO 2010 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE GLOBECOM 2010 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2010) CY DEC 06-10, 2010 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE DE Mobility; Handoff; Multihoming; MIPv6; SEMO6 AB Internet mobility protocols are designed to support handover between different wireless networks. Many of them, such as Mobile IPv6, suffer problems such as high handover latency, high packet overhead, high packet loss during handoff, requirement for infrastructure change, etc. To solve these problems, SEamless MObility using SHIM6 (SEMO6), a multihoming based mobility protocol framework for host mobility, has been proposed. The goal of this paper is to experimentally validate that SEMO6 can perform better than MIPv6. We show that SEMO6 can improve the performance of applications in IP-based mobile networks. C1 [Rahman, Md Sazzadur; Atiquzzaman, Mohammed] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Eddy, Wesley; Ivancic, William] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Rahman, MS (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM sazzad@ou.edu; atiq@ou.edu; weddy@grc.nasa.gov; wivancic@grc.nasa.gov FU NASA [NNX06AE44G] FX The research reported in this paper was funded by NASA Grant NNX06AE44G NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-5638-3 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS42 UT WOS:000287977405080 ER PT S AU Jeon, S Hwang, E Kumar, BVKV Cheng, MK AF Jeon, Seungjune Hwang, Euiseok Kumar, B. V. K. Vijaya Cheng, Michael K. GP IEEE TI A Multibit-Per-Cell Memory Model and Nonbinary LDPC Codes SO 2010 IEEE GLOBECOM WORKSHOPS SE IEEE Globecom Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Globecom Workshops CY DEC 05-10, 2010 CL Miami, FL AB Protecting nonvolatile memory systems in harsh radiation environments encountered in space missions is important and error correcting schemes can extend the lifetime of those memory systems. For example, recent research has shown that LDPC codes can extend the lifetime of nonvolatile memory under space radiation environment more than Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) or Reed-Solomon (RS) codes at fixed codeword error rates. However, conventional memory models assume that bit errors are independent, but multibit errors were reported in satellite experiments. Moreover, memory feature sizes are shrinking and multibit-per-cell structures are becoming standard so radiation will increasingly lead to multibit errors. For these reasons, we can expect that the bit errors in memory systems will be correlated. In this work, we develop a mathematical multibit-per-cell memory model under a radiation environment. In this memory model, bit errors are correlated and the probability of errors depends on radiation parameters and time. For correlated bit errors, nonbinary codes can be more effective than binary codes. We will demonstrate that nonbinary LDPC code can outperform conventional BCH and RS codes in a correlated multibit error environment. C1 [Jeon, Seungjune; Hwang, Euiseok; Kumar, B. V. K. Vijaya] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Data Storage Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Cheng, Michael K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Jeon, SJ (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Data Storage Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sjeon@cmu.edu; euiseokh@cmu.edu; kumar@ece.cmu.edu; mkcheng@jpl.nasa.gov FU California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory Strategic University Research Partnership FX This research is supported in part by a California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory Strategic University Research Partnership grant NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2166-0069 BN 978-1-4244-8865-0 J9 IEEE GLOBE WORK PY 2010 BP 1895 EP 1899 DI 10.1109/GLOCOMW.2010.5700272 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BVI32 UT WOS:000291611300359 ER PT S AU Hwang, E Jeon, S Negi, R Kumar, BVKV Cheng, MK AF Hwang, Euiseok Jeon, Seungjune Negi, Rohit Kumar, B. V. K. Vijaya Cheng, Michael K. GP IEEE TI Scrubbing with Partial Side Information for Radiation-Tolerant Memory SO 2010 IEEE GLOBECOM WORKSHOPS SE IEEE Globecom Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Globecom Workshops CY DEC 05-10, 2010 CL Miami, FL ID COMPUTER MEMORY; RELIABILITY; DEFECTS; CODES AB Memory systems used in space applications suffer from radiation-induced errors, either temporary upsets (soft errors) or permanent defects (hard errors or stuck-at errors). Scrubbing is a method to protect memory contents by periodically decoding the stored data to correct those soft and stuck-at errors then rewriting the corrected data back into memory. However, defective cells will remain and accumulate over time. Conventional coding disregards defective cells, however this may be inefficient for memory protection in space. In this study, alternative coding schemes for scrubbing are investigated, where the channel model depends on the cell states, defective or not, and the encoder uses channel state information (CSI) or side information. At every scrubbing, the error correcting code (ECC) decoder provides partial CSI back to the encoder and the encoder uses the CSI to improve the performance of memory systems with scrubbing. Information theoretic limits of the channel with partial CSI are investigated and several coding schemes are introduced to mitigate the effects of defective cells, particularly those caused by stuck-at defects. In addition, coding schemes with partial CSI are concatenated with binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes to protect memory contents from both soft and stuck-at errors in space radiation environments. Numerical simulation results show that scrubbing with partial CSI improves reliability over the state-agnostic approaches. C1 [Hwang, Euiseok; Jeon, Seungjune; Negi, Rohit; Kumar, B. V. K. Vijaya] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Data Storage Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Cheng, Michael K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hwang, E (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Data Storage Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM euiseokh@cmu.edu; sjeon@cmu.edu; negi@ece.cmu.edu; kumar@ece.cmu.edu; mkcheng@jpl.nasa.gov FU California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory Strategic University Research Partnership FX This research is supported in part by a California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory Strategic University Research Partnership grant NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2166-0069 BN 978-1-4244-8865-0 J9 IEEE GLOBE WORK PY 2010 BP 1941 EP 1945 DI 10.1109/GLOCOMW.2010.5700282 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BVI32 UT WOS:000291611300368 ER PT S AU Liu, SP Panangadan, A Talukder, A Raghavendra, CS AF Liu, Shuping Panangadan, Anand Talukder, Ashit Raghavendra, Cauligi S. GP IEEE TI Compact Representation of Coordinated Sampling Policies for Body Sensor Networks SO 2010 IEEE GLOBECOM WORKSHOPS SE IEEE Globecom Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Globecom Workshops CY DEC 05-10, 2010 CL Miami, FL DE Body Area Network; Energy efficiency; Markov Decision Process (MDP); Policy representation; Supervised Learning AB Embedded sensors of a Body Sensor Network need to efficiently utilize their energy resources to operate for an extended amount of time. A Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework has been used to obtain a globally optimal policy that coordinated the sampling of multiple sensors to achieve high efficiency in such sensor networks. However, storing the coordinated sampling policy table requires a large amount of memory which may not be available at the embedded sensors. Computing a compact representation of the MDP global policy will be useful for such sensor nodes. In this paper we show that a decision tree-based learning of a compact representation is feasible with little loss in performance. The global optimal policy is computed offline using the MDP framework and this is then used as training data in a decision tree learner. Our simulation results show that both unpruned and high confidence-pruned decision trees provide an error rate of less than 1% while significantly reducing the memory requirements. Ensembles of lower-confidence trees are capable of perfect representation with only small increase in classifier size compared to individual pruned trees. C1 [Liu, Shuping; Talukder, Ashit; Raghavendra, Cauligi S.] Univ Southern Calif, Ming Hsieh Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Panangadan, Anand; Talukder, Ashit] Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. [Panangadan, Anand; Talukder, Ashit] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Liu, SP (reprint author), Univ Southern Calif, Ming Hsieh Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM lius@usc.edu; APanangadan@chla.usc.edu; Ashit.Talukder@jpl.nasa.gov; raghu@usc.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2166-0069 BN 978-1-4244-8865-0 J9 IEEE GLOBE WORK PY 2010 BP 2044 EP 2048 DI 10.1109/GLOCOMW.2010.5700304 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BVI32 UT WOS:000291611300387 ER PT S AU Grottke, M Nikora, AP Trivedi, KS AF Grottke, Michael Nikora, Allen P. Trivedi, Kishor S. GP IEEE TI An Empirical Investigation of Fault Types in Space Mission System Software SO 2010 IEEE-IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS DSN SE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2010 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE Comp Soc, IFIP, Microsoft Res, at&t, Yahoo, Natl Sci Fdn, Hewlett-Packard, Homeland Security, ARBOR ID AVAILABILITY AB As space mission software becomes more complex, the ability to effectively deal with faults is increasingly important. The strategies that can be employed for fighting a software bug depend on its fault type. Bohrbugs are easily isolated and removed during software testing. Mandelbugs appear to behave chaotically. While it is more difficult to detect these faults during testing, it may not be necessary to correct them; a simple retry after a failure occurrence may work. Aging-related bugs, a sub-class of Mandelbugs, can cause an increasing failure rate. For these faults, proactive techniques may prevent future failures. In this paper, we analyze the faults discovered in the on-board software for 18 JPL/NASA space missions. We present the proportions of the various fault types and study how they have evolved over time. Moreover, we examine whether or not the fault type and attributes such as the failure effect are independent. C1 [Grottke, Michael] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany. [Nikora, Allen P.] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Trivedi, Kishor S.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Grottke, M (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany. EM Michael.Grottke@wiso.uni-erlangen.de; Allen.P.Nikora@jpl.nasa.gov; kst@ee.duke.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Office of Safety and Mission Assurance Software Assurance Research Program FX The work described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and was sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Office of Safety and Mission Assurance Software Assurance Research Program. This task is managed locally by JPL's Assurance Technology Program Office NR 19 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-0889 BN 978-1-4244-7501-8 J9 I C DEPEND SYS NETWO PY 2010 BP 447 EP 456 DI 10.1109/DSN.2010.5544284 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTJ18 UT WOS:000287078300048 ER PT S AU Saini, V Li, ZR Mustafa, T Biris, AS Bourdo, S Viswanathan, T Boyer, C Rioux, J Trigwell, SS AF Saini, Viney Li, Zhongrui Mustafa, Thikra Biris, Alexandru S. Bourdo, Shawn Viswanathan, Tito Boyer, Cyril Rioux, Julien Trigwell, Steven S. GP IEEE TI Organic/inorganic hybrid photovoltaic cells based on substitutionally doped single wall carbon nanotubes SO 2010 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the IEEE Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Houston, TX SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, IEEE DE Carbon nanotubes; doping; solar cells; heterojunctions; silicon ID THIN-FILMS; POLYMER AB In this work we have reported low cost solar cells which can be processed to scalability by depositing direct and uniform films using airbrushing, inkjet printing, or spin-coating techniques. We have synthesized single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition (cCVD) method, which were subsequently doped with boron for photovoltaic applications. The carbon nanotubes were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The solar cell devices were fabricated by depositing a uniform dispersion of b-SWNT films on n-Si creating numerous heterojunctions. These studies are the first in which b-SWNTs have been utilized directly for photo-generation. C1 [Saini, Viney; Li, Zhongrui; Mustafa, Thikra; Biris, Alexandru S.] Univ Arkansas, UALR Nanotechnol Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Bourdo, Shawn; Viswanathan, Tito] Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Boyer, Cyril; Rioux, Julien] Ecole Ingenieurs CESI EIA, La Couronne, France. [Trigwell, Steven S.] NASA, ASRC Aerosp Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. RP Saini, V (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, UALR Nanotechnol Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM vxsaini@ualr.edu; zxli3@ualr.edu; txmustafa@ualr.edu; asbiris@ualr.edu; sxbourdo@ualr.edu; boyer-c@hotmail.fr; ju219@hotmail.fr FU DOE [DE-FG 36-06 GO 86072]; Arkansas Science and Technology Authority (ASTA) [08-CAT-03] FX This research was partially supported by the DOE (Grant No. DE-FG 36-06 GO 86072). Also, financial support from the Arkansas Science and Technology Authority (ASTA) grant # 08-CAT-03 is highly appreciated. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-6395-4 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA BTN68 UT WOS:000287415300034 ER PT S AU Tkacenko, A AF Tkacenko, Andre GP IEEE TI APPROXIMATE EIGENVALUE DECOMPOSITION OF PARA-HERMITIAN SYSTEMS THROUGH SUCCESSIVE FIR PARAUNITARY TRANSFORMATIONS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 14-19, 2010 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE matrix decomposition; approximation methods; polynomial approximation ID ALGORITHM AB The eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) of a Hermitian matrix in terms of unitary matrices is well known. In this paper, we present an algorithm for the approximate EVD (AEVD) of a para-Hermitian (PH) system. Here, the approximate diagonalization is carried out successively by applying degree-1 finite impulse response (FIR) paraunitary (PU) transformations. The system parameters are chosen to make the zeroth order diagonal energy (ZODE) nondecreasing at each stage. Simulation results presented for the design of a signal-adapted PU filter bank (FB) show close agreement with the behavior of the infinite order principal component FB (PCFB). C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Signal Proc Res Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tkacenko, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Signal Proc Res Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Andre.Tkacenko@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-4296-6 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2010 BP 4074 EP 4077 DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2010.5495751 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BTJ55 UT WOS:000287096004002 ER PT S AU Liu, X Gales, MJF Hieronymus, JL Woodland, PC AF Liu, X. Gales, M. J. F. Hieronymus, J. L. Woodland, P. C. GP IEEE TI LANGUAGE MODEL COMBINATION AND ADAPTATION USING WEIGHTED FINITE STATE TRANSDUCERS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 10-19, 2010 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In speech recognition systems language model (LMs) are often constructed by training and combining multiple n-gram models. They can be either used to represent different genres or tasks found in diverse text sources, or capture stochastic properties of different linguistic symbol sequences, for example, syllables and words. Unsupervised LM adaptation may also be used to further improve robustness to varying styles or tasks. When using these techniques, extensive software changes are often required. In this paper an alternative and more general approach based on weighted finite state transducers (WFSTs) is investigated for LM combination and adaptation. As it is entirely based on well-defined WFST operations, minimum change to decoding tools is needed. A wide range of LM combination configurations can be flexibly supported. An efficient on-the-fly WFST decoding algorithm is also proposed. Significant error rate gains of 7.3% relative were obtained on a state-of-the-art broadcast audio recognition task using a history dependently adapted multi-level LM modelling both syllable and word sequences. C1 [Liu, X.; Gales, M. J. F.; Woodland, P. C.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Trumpington St, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. [Hieronymus, J. L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Trumpington St, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. EM xl207@eng.cam.ac.uk; mjfg@eng.cam.ac.uk; jlh83@eng.cam.ac.uk; pcw@eng.cam.ac.uk FU DARPA under the GALE program via a subcontract to BBN Technologies FX This work was in part supported by DARPA under the GALE program via a subcontract to BBN Technologies. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-4296-6 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2010 BP 5390 EP 5393 DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2010.5494941 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BTJ55 UT WOS:000287096005076 ER PT S AU Shahriar, AM Atiquzzaman, M Ivancic, W AF Shahriar, Abu Zafar M. Atiquzzaman, Mohammed Ivancic, William GP IEEE TI Performance of Prefix Delegation-Based Route Optimization Schemes: Intra Mobile Network case SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications CY MAY 23-27, 2010 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE ID NEMO AB Among the route optimization schemes in NEtwork MObility (NEMO), the prefix delegation-based schemes perform better than other schemes. Since the prefix delegation-based schemes are designed for communication between a mobile network and a wired network, they lack evaluation for the case of intra mobile network communication involving MIPv6 incapable hosts in a mobile network. We evaluate prefix delegation-based schemes to reveal their inefficiencies for the case where both the communicating hosts are mobile and MIPv6 incapable, propose extensions, and compare them. Since both the communicating hosts are mobile, handoff latency in extended schemes are large resulting in significant performance loss when the speed of the mobile network is high. Results reveal that the effect of speed of the mobile network dominates the performance in such cases. We conclude that for slow moving mobile networks, extended schemes are preferable. C1 [Shahriar, Abu Zafar M.; Atiquzzaman, Mohammed] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ivancic, William] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Satellite Networks & Architectures Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Shahriar, AM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM shahriar@ou.edu; atiq@ou.edu; wivancic@grc.nasa.gov FU NASA [NNX06AE44G] FX The work has been supported by NASA Grant NNX06AE44G. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-6404-3 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BUU13 UT WOS:000290335603039 ER PT S AU Iwashita, Y Stoica, A Kurazume, R AF Iwashita, Yumi Stoica, Adrian Kurazume, Ryo GP IEEE TI PEOPLE IDENTIFICATION USING SHADOW DYNAMICS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing CY SEP 26-29, 2010 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Shadow biometrics; gait; people identification; spherical harmonics AB People identification has numerous applications, ranging from surveillance/security to robotics. Face and body movement/gait biometrics are the most important tools for this task. Traditional biometrics use direct observation of the body, yet in some situations a projection may offer more information than the direct signal, for example the shadow of a person observed from overhead, e. g. from an unmanned aerial vehicle, may contain more detail than the top view of the head/body. We introduced the idea of shadow biometrics, exploiting biometrics information in human shadow silhouettes as derived from video imagery; this enables "overhead biometrics", for recognition of human identity and behavior from high altitude airborne platforms using overhead video sequences. In this paper, we provide a demonstration of person identification based on gait recognition from shadow analysis. We describe compensation steps to address shadow variation with conditions of observation (sun position, etc). We define measures of shape variation, such as horizontal stripes on the silhouette, their length change in time determines frequency components (here spherical harmonics) for each gait cycle, which are used for classification by a k-nearest neighbor classifier. A correct classification rate (CCR) of 95 % was obtained. A degradation of CCR from 95 % to 75 % was observed when reduced spatial and temporal resolution from 1cm to 2cm, and from 30fps to 15fps. C1 [Iwashita, Yumi; Kurazume, Ryo] Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Stoica, Adrian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Iwashita, Y (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. OI Kurazume, Ryo/0000-0002-4219-7644 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-7994-8 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2010 BP 2453 EP 2456 DI 10.1109/ICIP.2010.5652653 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BTP82 UT WOS:000287728002134 ER PT S AU Chang, SH Wolf, M Burdick, JW AF Chang, SangHyun Wolf, Michael Burdick, Joel W. GP IEEE TI Human Detection and Tracking via Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Radar SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 03-08, 2010 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE AB This paper presents an algorithm for human presence detection and tracking using an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) impulse-based mono-static radar. UWB radar can complement other human tracking technologies, as it works well in poor visibility conditions. UWB electromagnetic wave scattering from moving humans forms a complex returned signal structure which can be approximated to a specular multipath scattering model (SMPM). The key technical challenge is to simultaneously track multiple humans (and non-humans) using the complex scattered waveform observations. We develop a multiple-hypothesis tracking (MHT) framework that solves the complicated data association and tracking problem for an SMPM of moving objects/targets. Human presence detection utilizes SMPM signal features, which are tested in a classical likelihood ratio (LR) detector framework. The process of human detection and tracking is a combination of the MHT method and the LR human detector. We present experimental results in which a mono-static UWB radar tracks human and non-human targets, and detects human presence by discerning human from moving non-human objects. C1 [Chang, SangHyun; Burdick, Joel W.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wolf, Michael] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Chang, SH (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM sanghyun@caltech.edu; jwb@robotics.caltech.edu; michael.wolf-131531@jpl.nasa.gov FU LIG Nex1 Corporation, Yongin, Korea; Agency for Defense Development (ADD), Seoul, Korea FX This work was not supported by the LIG Nex1 Corporation, Yongin, Korea, and the Agency for Defense Development (ADD), Seoul, Korea. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-5040-4 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2010 BP 452 EP 457 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2010.5509451 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BSD39 UT WOS:000284150002034 ER PT S AU Wettergreen, DS Thompson, DR AF Wettergreen, David S. Thompson, David R. GP IEEE TI Science on the Fly: Enabling Science Autonomy during Robotic Traverse SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 03-08, 2010 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE AB Robotic explorers must be capable of autonomous navigation into unknown terrain as well as autonomous science to interpret their observations to guide exploration. In this research we have created a robot able to select science features, direct instruments, collect observations, build maps, and interpret this information to plan actions. We report on field experiments in California's Amboy Crater lava field and demonstrate fundamental capabilities for adaptive exploration in geologic mapping tasks. We show feature detection and instrument visual servoing that enables automated science observation of dozens of targets. Gaussian process models are used to discover spatial and cross-sensor structure including correlations between different locations and sensing scales. The rover develops these relationships on the fly with only on-board computation, reinterpreting remote sensing data in light of the surface materials it observes. The rover learns spatial models of physical phenomena and guides its exploration into informative areas using Maximum Entropy Sampling to improve exploration efficiency. The Amboy Crater experiments show that science autonomy can play a useful role in facilitating geologic survey on kilometer scales. C1 [Wettergreen, David S.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Thompson, David R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Wettergreen, DS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM dsw@ri.cmu.edu; david.r.thompson@jpl.nasa.gov FU U.S. National Air and Space Administration [NNG0-4GB66G, NAG5-12890] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. National Air and Space Administration under Grant NNG0-4GB66G and NAG5-12890 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-5040-4 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2010 BP 1110 EP + DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2010.5509866 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BSD39 UT WOS:000284150004140 ER PT S AU Wolf, MT Blackmore, L Kuwata, Y Fathpour, N Elfes, A Newman, C AF Wolf, Michael T. Blackmore, Lars Kuwata, Yoshiaki Fathpour, Nanaz Elfes, Alberto Newman, Claire GP IEEE TI Probabilistic Motion Planning of Balloons in Strong, Uncertain Wind Fields SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 03-08, 2010 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE ID AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES AB This paper introduces a new algorithm for probabilistic motion planning in arbitrary, uncertain vector fields, with emphasis on high-level planning for Montgolfiere balloons in the atmosphere of Titan. The goal of the algorithm is to determine what altitude-and what horizontal actuation, if any is available on the vehicle-to use to reach a goal location in the fastest expected time. The winds can vary greatly at different altitudes and are strong relative to any feasible horizontal actuation, so the incorporation of the winds is critical for guidance plans. This paper focuses on how to integrate the uncertainty of the wind field into the wind model and how to reach a goal location through the uncertain wind field, using a Markov decision process (MDP). The resulting probabilistic solutions enable more robust guidance plans and more thorough analysis of potential paths than existing methods. C1 [Wolf, Michael T.; Blackmore, Lars; Kuwata, Yoshiaki; Fathpour, Nanaz; Elfes, Alberto] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Wolf, MT (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Elfes, Alberto/E-2463-2011 OI Elfes, Alberto/0000-0003-2433-995X NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-5040-4 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2010 BP 1123 EP 1129 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2010.5509135 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BSD39 UT WOS:000284150000011 ER PT S AU Cheng, Y AF Cheng, Yang GP IEEE TI Real-time Surface Slope Estimation by Homography Alignment for Spacecraft Safe Landing SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 03-08, 2010 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE ID MOTION; PROJECTIONS; PLANE AB This paper offers a real-time approach for simultaneously determining spacecraft motion and multiple 3D planar surfaces for spacecraft safe landing. The approach contains three algorithms: a multiple homography alignment algorithm, which constructs homographies under unified epipolar geometry; a closed-form motion estimation algorithm; and a simple routine for surface slope estimation. This approach has three significant advantages: first, it works well for both a simple planar scene and more complex 3D world containing many smaller planar surfaces; second, it decomposes a very large optimization problem into much smaller sub-problems that are computationally less expensive. This computational advantage means that this approach can be exploited in real time robotic operations such as during time critical spacecraft landing. Finally, this approach is very reliable and accurate. The effectiveness of this approach is determined quantitatively through extensive simulations and qualitatively with actual images C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Cheng, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ycheng@jpl.nasa.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-5040-4 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2010 BP 2280 EP 2286 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2010.5509684 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BSD39 UT WOS:000284150003113 ER PT S AU Jain, A AF Jain, Abhinandan GP IEEE TI Graph Theory Roots of Spatial Operators for Kinematics and Dynamics SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 03-08, 2010 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE ID MULTIBODY SYSTEM DYNAMICS; QUASI-VELOCITIES; FORMULATION; EQUATIONS; MATRIX AB Spatial operators have been used to analyze the dynamics of robotic multibody systems and to develop novel computational dynamics algorithms for them. Mass matrix factorization, inversion, diagonalization, linearization are among the several techniques developed using operators. These techniques have been shown to apply broadly to systems ranging from serial, tree, to closed topology systems, as well as to systems with rigid and flexible links/joints. This paper uses concepts from graph theory to obtain a deeper understanding of the mathematical foundations of spatial operators. We show that spatial kernel operators are instances of block weighted adjacency matrices for the underlying multibody topology graphs, and that spatial propagation operators are 1-resolvents of these matrices. We explore at an abstract level the properties of such 1-resolvents in order to understand the precise requirements on and the range of applicability of spatial operators to the broad class of dynamics problems. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Jain, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-5040-4 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2010 BP 2745 EP 2750 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2010.5509525 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BSD39 UT WOS:000284150002108 ER PT S AU Abad-Manterola, P Burdick, JW Nesnas, IAD Chinchali, S Fuller, C Zhou, XC AF Abad-Manterola, Pablo Burdick, Joel W. Nesnas, Issa A. D. Chinchali, Sandeep Fuller, Christine Zhou, Xuecheng GP IEEE TI Axel Rover Paddle Wheel Design, Efficiency, and Sinkage on Deformable Terrain SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 03-08, 2010 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE ID ROBOTS AB This paper presents the Axel robotic rover which has been designed to provide robust and flexible access to extreme extra-planetary terrains. Axel is a lightweight 2-wheeled vehicle that can access steep slopes and negotiate relatively large obstacles due to its actively managed tether and novel wheel design. This paper reviews the Axel system and focuses on its novel paddle wheel characteristics. We show that the paddle design has superior rock climbing ability. We also adapt basic terramechanics principles to estimate the sinkage of paddle wheels on loose sand. Experimental comparisons between the transport efficiency of mountain bike wheels and paddle wheels are summarized. Finally, we present an unfolding wheel prototype which allows Axel to be compacted for efficient transport. C1 [Abad-Manterola, Pablo; Burdick, Joel W.; Zhou, Xuecheng] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Nesnas, Issa A. D.] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Abad-Manterola, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM pablo@caltech.edu; jwb@robotics.caltech.edu; nesnas@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-5040-4 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2010 BP 2821 EP 2827 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2010.5509391 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BSD39 UT WOS:000284150001122 ER PT S AU Blackmore, L Kuwata, Y Wolf, MT Assad, C Fathpour, N Newman, C Elfes, A AF Blackmore, Lars Kuwata, Yoshiaki Wolf, Michael T. Assad, Christopher Fathpour, Nanaz Newman, Claire Elfes, Alberto GP IEEE TI Global Reachability and Path Planning for Planetary Exploration with Montgolfiere Balloons SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 03-08, 2010 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE ID AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; VENUS AB Aerial vehicles are appealing systems for possible future exploration of planets and moons such as Venus and Titan, because they combine extensive coverage with high-resolution data collection and in-situ science capabilities. Recent studies have proposed the use of a montgolfiere balloon, which controls its altitude by changing the heating rate or venting gas from the balloon, but has no actuation capability in the horizontal plane. A montgolfiere can use the variation in wind with altitude to guide itself to a desired location. This paper considers the problems of determining the altitude profile that the montgolfiere should follow in order to reach its target most quickly. We provide a new method that solves this path planning problem for all possible target locations, thereby providing a reachability analysis for the entire globe. The key idea is to perform a principled simplification and decoupling of the dynamics of the montgolfiere. We then discretize the search space, converting the planning problem into a graph search problem, and use Dijkstra's algorithm to calculate the minimum-time path from the start location to every possible location in the graph. We demonstrate the approach on a possible Titan mission scenario. C1 [Blackmore, Lars; Kuwata, Yoshiaki; Wolf, Michael T.; Assad, Christopher; Fathpour, Nanaz; Elfes, Alberto] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Newman, Claire] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Blackmore, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Elfes, Alberto/E-2463-2011 OI Elfes, Alberto/0000-0003-2433-995X NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-5040-4 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2010 BP 3581 EP 3588 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2010.5509298 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BSD39 UT WOS:000284150001030 ER PT S AU Smith, RN Pereira, A Chao, Y Li, PP Caron, DA Jones, BH Sukhatme, GS AF Smith, Ryan N. Pereira, Arvind Chao, Yi Li, Peggy P. Caron, David A. Jones, Burton H. Sukhatme, Gaurav S. GP IEEE TI Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Trajectory Design Coupled with Predictive Ocean Models: A Case Study SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 03-08, 2010 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE ID EXPLICIT; GLIDERS; SYSTEM AB Data collection using Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) is increasing in importance within the oceanographic research community. Contrary to traditional moored or static platforms, mobile sensors require intelligent planning strategies to maneuver through the ocean. However, the ability to navigate to high-value locations and collect data with specific scientific merit is worth the planning efforts. In this study, we examine the use of ocean model predictions to determine the locations to be visited by an AUV, and aid in planning the trajectory that the vehicle executes during the sampling mission. The objectives are: a) to provide near-real time, in situ measurements to a large-scale ocean model to increase the skill of future predictions, and b) to utilize ocean model predictions as a component in an end-to-end autonomous prediction and tasking system for aquatic, mobile sensor networks. We present an algorithm designed to generate paths for AUVs to track a dynamically evolving ocean feature utilizing ocean model predictions. This builds on previous work in this area by incorporating the predicted current velocities into the path planning to assist in solving the 3-D motion planning problem of steering an AUV between two selected locations. We present simulation results for tracking a fresh water plume by use of our algorithm. Additionally, we present experimental results from field trials that test the skill of the model used as well as the incorporation of the model predictions into an AUV trajectory planner. These results indicate a modest, but measurable, improvement in surfacing error when the model predictions are incorporated into the planner. C1 [Smith, Ryan N.; Pereira, Arvind; Sukhatme, Gaurav S.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Comp Sci, Robot Embedded Syst Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Caron, David A.; Jones, Burton H.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Marine Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Chao, Yi; Li, Peggy P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Smith, RN (reprint author), Univ Southern Calif, Dept Comp Sci, Robot Embedded Syst Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM ryannsmi@usc.edu; menezesp@usc.edu; yi.chao@jpl.nasa.gov; p.p.li@jpl.nasa.gov; dcaron@usc.edu; bjones@usc.edu; gaurav@usc.edu FU NOAA MERHAB [NA05NOS4781228]; NSF as part of the Center for Embedded Network Sensing (CENS) [CCR-0120778]; NSF [CNS-0520305, CNS-0540420]; ONR MURI [N00014-09-1-1031, N00014-08-1-0693]; ONR SoA program and a gift from the Okawa Foundation FX This work was supported in part by the NOAA MERHAB program under grant NA05NOS4781228 and by NSF as part of the Center for Embedded Network Sensing (CENS) under grant CCR-0120778, by NSF grants CNS-0520305 and CNS-0540420, by the ONR MURI program (grants N00014-09-1-1031 and N00014-08-1-0693) by the ONR SoA program and a gift from the Okawa Foundation. The ROMS ocean modeling research described in this publication was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).The authors acknowledge Carl Oberg for his work with glider hardware making field implementations possible. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-5040-4 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2010 BP 4770 EP 4777 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2010.5509240 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BSD39 UT WOS:000284150000116 ER PT S AU Thompson, DR Chien, S Chao, Y Li, P Cahill, B Levin, J Schofield, O Balasuriya, A Petillo, S Arrott, M Meisinger, M AF Thompson, David R. Chien, Steve Chao, Yi Li, Peggy Cahill, Bronwyn Levin, Julia Schofield, Oscar Balasuriya, Arjuna Petillo, Stephanie Arrott, Matthew Meisinger, Michael GP IEEE TI Spatiotemporal Path Planning in Strong, Dynamic, Uncertain Currents SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 03-08, 2010 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE AB This work addresses mission planning for autonomous underwater gliders based on predictions of an uncertain, time-varying current field. Glider submersibles are highly sensitive to prevailing currents so mission planners must account for ocean tides and eddies. Previous work in variable-current path planning assumes that current predictions are perfect, but in practice these forecasts may be inaccurate. Here we evaluate plan fragility using empirical tests on historical ocean forecasts for which followup data is available. We present methods for glider path planning and control in a time-varying current field. A case study scenario in the Southern California Bight uses current predictions drawn from the Regional Ocean Monitoring System (ROMS). C1 [Thompson, David R.; Chien, Steve; Chao, Yi; Li, Peggy] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cahill, Bronwyn; Levin, Julia; Schofield, Oscar] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Balasuriya, Arjuna; Petillo, Stephanie] MIT, Ctr Ocean Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Arrott, Matthew; Meisinger, Michael] Univ Calif San Diego, Calit2, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Thompson, DR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM david.r.thompson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-5040-4 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2010 BP 4778 EP 4783 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2010.5509249 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BSD39 UT WOS:000284150000125 ER PT S AU Wang, RT Tjoelker, RL AF Wang, Rabi T. Tjoelker, R. L. GP IEEE TI High Q Miniature Sapphire Acoustic Resonator SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 01-04, 2010 CL New Port Beach, CA SP IEEE ID CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES AB We have demonstrated high Q measurements in a room temperature Miniature Sapphire Acoustic Resonator (MSAR). Initial measurements of bulk acoustic modes in room temperature sapphire at 39 MHz have demonstrated a Q of 8.8x10(6). The long term goal of this work is to integrate such a high Q resonator with small, low noise quartz oscillator electronics, providing a fractional frequency stability better than 1x10(-14) @ 1s. C1 [Wang, Rabi T.; Tjoelker, R. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Wang, RT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM RABI.T.WANG@JPL.NASA.GOV NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4244-6401-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2010 BP 155 EP 157 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556354 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTM93 UT WOS:000287378700033 ER PT S AU Larigani, ST Burt, EA Tjoelker, RL AF Larigani, S. Taghavi Burt, E. A. Tjoelker, R. L. GP IEEE TI Helium Pressure Shift of the Hyperfine Clock Transition in Hg-201(+) SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 01-04, 2010 CL Newport Beach, CA SP IEEE AB There are two stable odd isotopes of mercury with singly ionized hyperfine structure suitable for a microwave atomic clock: Hg-199+ and Hg-201(+). We are investigating the viability of a trapped ion clock based on Hg-201(+) in a configuration that uses a buffer gas to increase ion loading efficiency and counter ion heating from rf trapping fields. Traditionally, either helium or neon is used as the buffer gas at similar to 10(-5) torr to confine mercury ions near room temperature. In addition to the buffer gas, other residual background gasses such as H2O, N-2, O-2, CO, CO2, and CH4 may be present in trace quantities. Collisions between trapped ions and buffer gas or background gas atoms/molecules produce a momentary shift of the ion clock transition frequency and constitute one of the largest systematic effects in this type of clock. Here we report an initial measurement of the He pressure shift in Hg-201(+) and compare this to Hg-199(+). C1 [Larigani, S. Taghavi; Burt, E. A.; Tjoelker, R. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Larigani, ST (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM shervin.taghavi@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4244-6401-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2010 BP 212 EP 214 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556341 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTM93 UT WOS:000287378700044 ER PT S AU Prestage, JD Chung, SK AF Prestage, John D. Chung, Sang K. GP IEEE TI Repetitive Interrogation of 2-level Quantum Systems SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 01-04, 2010 CL New Port Beach, CA SP IEEE AB Trapped ion clocks derive information from a reference atomic transition by repetitive interrogations of the same quantum system, either a single ion or ionized gas of many millions of ions. Atomic beam frequency standards, by contrast, measure reference atomic transitions in a continuously replenished "flow through" configuration where initial ensemble atomic coherence is zero. We will describe some issues and problems that can arise when atomic state selection and preparation of the quantum atomic system is not completed, that is, optical pumping has not fully relaxed the coherence and also not fully transferred atoms to the initial state. We present a simple two-level density matrix analysis showing how frequency shifts during the state-selection process can cause frequency shifts of the measured clock transition. Such considerations are very important when a low intensity lamp light source is used for state selection, where there is relatively weak relaxation and re-pumping of ions to an initial state and much weaker 'environmental' relaxation of the atomic coherence set-up in the atomic sample. C1 [Prestage, John D.; Chung, Sang K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Prestage, JD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM John.D.Prestage@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4244-6401-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2010 BP 220 EP 221 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556339 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTM93 UT WOS:000287378700046 ER PT S AU Enzer, DG Wang, RT Klipstein, WM AF Enzer, Daphna G. Wang, Rabi T. Klipstein, William M. GP IEEE TI GRAIL - A Microwave Ranging Instrument To Map Out The Lunar Gravity Field SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 01-04, 2010 CL New Port Beach, CA SP IEEE AB Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory, or GRAIL, is a NASA mission to map out the gravity field of the moon to an unprecedented level of detail. The instrument for this mission is based on GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment), an earth-orbiting mission currently mapping out the gravity field of the earth. This paper will describe the similarities and differences between these two instruments with a focus on the microwave ranging measurements used to determine the gravity parameters and the testbed built at Jet Propulsion Laboratory to demonstrate micron level ranging capability. The onboard ultrastable oscillator and RF instruments will be described and noise contributions discussed. C1 [Enzer, Daphna G.; Wang, Rabi T.; Klipstein, William M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Enzer, DG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM daphna.g.enzer@jpl.nasa.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4244-6401-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2010 BP 572 EP 577 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556264 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTM93 UT WOS:000287378700123 ER PT S AU Chembo, YK Yu, N AF Chembo, Yanne K. Yu, Nan GP IEEE TI Parameter optimization for octave-spanning optical frequency comb generation in whispering-gallery mode resonators SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 01-04, 2010 CL New Port Beach, CA SP IEEE AB Using modal expansion model, we investigate the various physical mechanisms that are critical for optical frequency combs generated with whispering gallery mode resonators. In particular, we show how the pump power, Kerr nonlinearity and dispersion profile interact, and eventually lead to an optical frequency comb that may span over one octave in optimal conditions. C1 [Chembo, Yanne K.; Yu, Nan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chembo, YK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM yanne.chembo@jpl.nasa.gov; nan.yu@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4244-6401-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2010 BP 689 EP 691 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2010.5556173 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTM93 UT WOS:000287378700146 ER PT S AU Habib, S Pickerring, K Tzortziou, M Maninio, A Policelli, F Stehr, J AF Habib, Shahid Pickerring, Ken Tzortziou, Maria Maninio, Antonio Policelli, Fritz Stehr, Jeff GP IEEE TI IMPROVED HYPOXIA MODELING FOR NUTRIENT CONTROL DECISIONS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Remote Sensing; Modeling; Nitrogen; Air pollution; Sea coast AB The Gulf of Mexico Modeling Framework is a suite of coupled models linking the deposition and transport of sediment and nutrients to subsequent bio-geo chemical processes and the resulting effect on concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the coastal waters of Louisiana and Texas. Here, we examine the potential benefits of using multiple NASA remote sensing data products within this Modeling Framework for increasing the accuracy of the models and their utility for nutrient control decisions in the Gulf of Mexico. Our approach is divided into three components: evaluation and improvement of (a) the precipitation input data (b) atmospheric constituent concentrations in EPA's air quality/deposition model and (c) the calculation of algal biomass,organic carbon and suspended solids within the water quality/eutrophication models of the framework. C1 [Habib, Shahid; Pickerring, Ken; Tzortziou, Maria; Maninio, Antonio; Policelli, Fritz] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tzortziou, Maria; Stehr, Jeff] Univ Maryland, College Park, MARYLAND. RP Habib, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Science Mission Directorate, Earth Science FX This research was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Earth Science. We thank Robin Dennis, Russell Kreis and Robert Pinder from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for their contributions to the modeling efforts. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650463 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800003 ER PT S AU Scipal, K Arcioni, M Chave, J Dall, J Fois, F LeToan, T Lin, CC Papathanassiou, K Quegan, S Rocca, F Saatchi, S Shugart, H Ulander, L Williams, M AF Scipal, K. Arcioni, M. Chave, J. Dall, J. Fois, F. LeToan, T. Lin, C-C. Papathanassiou, K. Quegan, S. Rocca, F. Saatchi, S. Shugart, H. Ulander, L. Williams, M. GP IEEE TI THE BIOMASS MISSION - AN ESA EARTH EXPLORER CANDIDATE TO MEASURE THE BIOMASS OF THE EARTH'S FORESTS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Biomass; PolInSAR; P-band AB The European Space Agency (ESA) released a Call for Proposals for the next Earth Explorer Core Mission in March 2005, with the aim to select the 7(th) Earth Explorer (EE-7) mission for launch in the next decade. Twenty-four proposals were received and subject to scientific and technical assessment. Six candidate missions were selected and further investigated in the preliminary feasibility studies (Phase 0). One of these missions is BIOMASS, which has recently been selected to proceed to Phase-A. BIOMASS is a response to the urgent need for greatly improved mapping of global biomass and the lack of any current space systems capable of addressing this need. C1 [Scipal, K.; Arcioni, M.; Fois, F.; Lin, C-C.] European Space Agcy, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Chave, J.] CNRS, Toulouse, France. [Dall, J.] Tech Univ Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark. [LeToan, T.] Ctr Etud Spatiales Biosphere, Toulouse, France. [Papathanassiou, K.] German Aerosp Ctr, Wessling, Germany. [Quegan, S.] Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, South Yorkshire, England. [Rocca, F.] Politecn Milan, Milan, Italy. [Saatchi, S.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Shugart, H.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Ulander, L.] Swedish Def Res Agcy, Linkoping, Sweden. [Williams, M.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Scipal, K (reprint author), European Space Agcy, Noordwijk, Netherlands. RI Williams, Mathew/G-6140-2016; OI Williams, Mathew/0000-0001-6117-5208; Dall, Jorgen/0000-0002-3873-1074 NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 52 EP 55 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5648979 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800014 ER PT S AU Rogers, M Vane, D AF Rogers, Matt Vane, Deborah GP IEEE TI THE CLOUDSAT EDUCATION NETWORK: SCIENTIFICALLY SIGNIFICANT COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH BETWEEN STUDENTS AND SCIENTISTS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Student Research; Education and Remote Sensing; Cloud Classification; Student/Scientist Interaction AB The CloudSat Education Network (CEN) is the primary education and public outreach component of the CloudSat mission. Approximately 116 schools in 16 countries around the world participate in the CEN, and are recruited from schools in the GLOBE program. Students and teachers in the CEN make atmospheric observations of temperature, precipitation, and crucially, of cloud type and cloud cover amount (including photographs of cloud observations), using a modified GLOBE Atmosphere protocol as a guide for observations. CEN observations are taken coincident with CloudSat overpasses, providing coincident spaceborne-and student surface observations. A preliminary comparison study using CEN-collected observations of cloud type during the period from 20072008 compared the observed cloud types to those retrieved using the CloudSat 2B-CLDCLASS product. In this preliminary study, there were 227 coincidental measurements between CEN schools and CloudSat overpasses, with an agreement rate of approximately 66% between the surface observers and satellite observations. C1 [Rogers, Matt; Vane, Deborah] Colorado State Univ, Jet Prop Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Rogers, M (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Jet Prop Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 84 EP 86 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651427 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800022 ER PT S AU Sun-Mack, S Minnis, P Kato, S Chen, Y Yi, YH Gibson, S Heck, P Winker, D Ayers, K AF Sun-Mack, Sunny Minnis, Patrick Kato, Seiji Chen, Yan Yi, Yuhong Gibson, Sharon Heck, Pat Winker, Dave Ayers, Kirk GP IEEE TI ENHANCED CLOUD ALGORITHM FROM COLLOCATED CALIPSO, CLOUDSAT AND MODIS GLOBAL BOUNDARY LAYER LAPSE RATE STUDIES SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Lapse rate; CERES; MODIS; CALIPSO AB Coincident profile information from CALIPSO's lidar and CloudSat's radar offers a unique opportunity to map the vertical structure of clouds over the globe with accuracies never before realized. At Langley NASA, both CALIPSO and CloudSat are collocated with each MODIS 1-km pixel to create a new data set named C3M (Figure 1). A year (July 2006 - June 2007) of C3M data is used to derive global lapse rate maps, as an enhancement to NASA Langley's CERES Cloud Property Retrieval System (CCPRS) [1]. The lapse rates are derived for boundary layer clouds using the the cloud-top temperature from Aqua MODIS level 1 data, skin temperature over ocean and surface temperature over land from the GMAO GEOS-4, and cloud-top height from CALIPSO. The derived global lapse rate maps are used to process a month of CERES-MODIS data to calculate cloud top heights, which are compared with CALIPSO cloud top height. The comparisons shows good agreement between CERES-MODIS and CALIPSO. C1 [Sun-Mack, Sunny; Chen, Yan; Yi, Yuhong; Gibson, Sharon; Ayers, Kirk] SSAI, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Minnis, Patrick; Winker, Dave] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Heck, Pat] CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. RP Sun-Mack, S (reprint author), SSAI, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 201 EP 204 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649624 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800052 ER PT S AU Aumann, HH Ruzmaikin, A AF Aumann, H. H. Ruzmaikin, A. GP IEEE TI CORRELATION BETWEEN THE SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND THE FREQUENCY OF SEVERE STORMS IN THE TROPICAL OCEANS USING SEVEN YEARS OF AIRS DATA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Climate Change; Infrared Radiation; Hyperspectral AB The analysis of the daily count of Deep Convective Clouds (DCC) with cloud top temperatures colder than 210K and the zonal mean Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in large regions of the tropical oceans shows a correlation, which can be used to show that the frequency of DCC increases about 40% for each degree K increase in the zonal mean SST. This sensitivity is consistent with a simple model, which assumes that DCC have a high likelihood of forming in the tail of the zonal SST distribution where the local SST exceeds 302 K. Tropical zones with warmer SST have more locations with SST>302K, and consequently have a higher frequency of DCC. This model appears to be valid for a wide range of conditions, including the Tropical Warm Pool (TWP). DCC are associated with the most intense thunderstorms over the tropical ocean. The correlation between the zonal mean SST and the DCC frequency allows us to estimate the rate of increase of the frequency of intense thunderstorms in the tropical oceans due to global warming as 5%/decade. C1 [Aumann, H. H.; Ruzmaikin, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Aumann, HH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 205 EP 208 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651140 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800053 ER PT S AU Krieger, G Hajnsek, I Papathanassiou, K Eineder, M Younis, M De Zan, F Huber, S Lopez-Dekker, P Prats, P Werner, M Shen, Y Freeman, A Rosen, P Hensley, S Johnson, W Veilleux, L Grafmueller, B Werninghaus, R Bamler, R Moreira, A AF Krieger, G. Hajnsek, I. Papathanassiou, K. Eineder, M. Younis, M. De Zan, F. Huber, S. Lopez-Dekker, P. Prats, P. Werner, M. Shen, Y. Freeman, A. Rosen, P. Hensley, S. Johnson, W. Veilleux, L. Grafmueller, B. Werninghaus, R. Bamler, R. Moreira, A. GP IEEE TI Tandem-L: An Innovative Interferometric and Polarimetric SAR Mission to Monitor EArth System Dynamics with High Resolution SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB Tandem-L is a proposal for an innovative interferometric and polarimetric radar mission that enables the systematic monitoring of dynamic processes on the Earth surface. Important mission objectives are global forest height and biomass inventories, large scale measurements of millimetric displacements due to tectonic shifts, and systematic observations of glacier movements. The innovative mission concept and the high data acquisition capacity of Tandem-L provide a unique data source to observe, analyze and quantify the dynamics of a wide range of mutually interacting processes in the bio-, litho-, hydro-and cryosphere. By this, Tandem-L will be an essential step to advance our understanding of the Earth system and its intricate dynamics. C1 [Krieger, G.; Hajnsek, I.; Papathanassiou, K.; Eineder, M.; Younis, M.; De Zan, F.; Huber, S.; Lopez-Dekker, P.; Prats, P.; Werner, M.; Werninghaus, R.; Bamler, R.; Moreira, A.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Cologne, Germany. [Grafmueller, B.] EADS Astrium GmbH, Astrium, Germany. [Shen, Y.; Freeman, A.; Rosen, P.; Hensley, S.; Johnson, W.; Veilleux, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Krieger, G (reprint author), German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Cologne, Germany. RI Lopez-Dekker, Paco/D-4862-2012; Krieger, Gerhard/D-5164-2012; Moreira, Alberto/C-1147-2013; OI Krieger, Gerhard/0000-0002-4548-0285; Moreira, Alberto/0000-0002-3436-9653; Prats-Iraola, Pau/0000-0002-7583-2309 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 253 EP 256 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650322 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800066 ER PT S AU Sikorski, RJ Chiang, KF Nishihama, M Wolfe, RE Xiong, XX Schwaller, MR AF Sikorski, Richard J. Chiang, Kwo-Fu Nishihama, Masahiro Wolfe, Robert E. Xiong, Xiaoxiong Schwaller, Mathew R. GP IEEE TI AN OVERVIEW OF NASA NPP SDS-NICSE ACTIVITIES ON VIIRS SDR ASSESSMENT SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION AB The NPP Instrument Calibration Support Element (NICSE) of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Science Data Segment (SDS) is designed to assess the long-term geometric and radiometric performance of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument data. VIIRS is scheduled for flight on NPP and subsequent program flights. In making its assessments of VIIRS performance, the NICSE directly supports NASA's goal of determining whether VIIRS data is consistent with the decades-long long-term Earth Science Data Record (ESDR) that includes data from multiple satellites and instruments, and NASA's goal of recommending improvements to VIIRS data products. The NICSE promotes the generation of a well-calibrated VIIRS data set that can integrate into a long-term ESDR. In general, the NICSE performs this process by establishing a quantitative understanding of the radiometric and geometric performance of the VIIRS data set. C1 [Sikorski, Richard J.] INNOVIM, 7501 Greenway Ctr Dr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Chiang, Kwo-Fu; Nishihama, Masahiro] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Wolfe, Robert E.; Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Schwaller, Mathew R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sikorski, RJ (reprint author), INNOVIM, 7501 Greenway Ctr Dr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RI Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012; Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012 OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855; NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 296 EP 299 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652599 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800077 ER PT S AU Patt, FS Feldman, GC AF Patt, Frederick S. Feldman, Gene C. GP IEEE TI VIIRS PRODUCT EVALUATION AT THE OCEAN PEATE SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Remote sensing; Radiometry AB The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP) mission will support the continuation of climate records generated from NASA missions. The NASA Science Data Segment (SDS) relies upon discipline-specific centers of expertise to evaluate the NPP data products for suitability as climate data records. The Ocean Product Evaluation and Analysis Tool Element (PEATE) will build upon well-established NASA capabilities within the Ocean Color program in order to evaluate the NPP Visible and Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Ocean Color and Chlorophyll data products. The specific evaluation methods will support not only the evaluation of product quality but also the sources of differences with existing data records. C1 [Patt, Frederick S.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Feldman, Gene C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Patt, FS (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 300 EP 303 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652551 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800078 ER PT S AU Wolfe, RE Devadiga, S Ye, G Masuoka, EJ Schweiss, RJ AF Wolfe, Robert E. Devadiga, Sadashiva Ye, Gang Masuoka, Edward J. Schweiss, Robert J. GP IEEE TI EVALUATION OF THE VIIRS LAND ALGORITHMS AT LAND PEATE SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Remote Sensing; NPOESS; VIIRS; Environmental Data Records; Climate Data Records AB The Land Product Evaluation and Algorithm Testing Element (Land PEATE), a component of the Science Data Segment of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP), is being developed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The primary task of the Land PEATE is to assess the quality of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land data products made by the Interface Data Processing System (IDPS) using the Operational (OPS) Code during the NPP era and to recommend improvements to the algorithms in the IDPS OPS code. The Land PEATE uses a version of the MODIS Adaptive Processing System (MODAPS), NPPDAPS, that has been modified to produce products from the IDPS OPS code and software provided by the VIIRS Science Team, and uses the MODIS Land Data Operational Product Evaluation (LDOPE) team for evaluation of the data records generated by the NPPDAPS. Land PEATE evaluates the algorithms by comparing data products generated using different versions of the algorithm and also by comparing to heritage products generated from different instrument such as MODIS using various quality assessment tools developed at LDOPE. This paper describes the Land PEATE system and some of the approaches used by the Land PEATE for evaluating the VIIRS Land algorithms during the pre-launch period of the NPP mission and the proposed plan for long term monitoring of the quality of the VIIRS Land products post-launch. C1 [Wolfe, Robert E.; Masuoka, Edward J.; Schweiss, Robert J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Devadiga, Sadashiva; Ye, Gang] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sigma Space Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wolfe, RE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012 OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 304 EP 307 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652831 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800079 ER PT S AU Smith, WL Minnis, P Benjamin, SG Weygandt, SS AF Smith, William L., Jr. Minnis, Patrick Benjamin, Stanley G. Weygandt, Stephen S. GP IEEE TI 4-D CLOUD WATER CONTENT FIELDS DERIVED FROM OPERATIONAL SATELLITE DATA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE C1 [Smith, William L., Jr.; Minnis, Patrick] NASA, LaRC, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Benjamin, Stanley G.; Weygandt, Stephen S.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Smith, WL (reprint author), NASA, LaRC, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RI Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015; Weygandt, Stephen/E-7497-2015; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010 OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236; Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 308 EP 311 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652807 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800080 ER PT S AU Fenigstein, D Ruf, C James, M Simmons, D Miller, T Buckley, C AF Fenigstein, David Ruf, Chris James, Mark Simmons, David Miller, Timothy Buckley, Courtney GP IEEE TI ANALYSIS OF ANECHOIC CHAMBER TESTING OF THE HURRICANE IMAGING RADIOMETER SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE microwave radiometer; synthetic aperture radiometry; image reconstruction AB The Hurricane Imaging Radiometer System (HIRAD) is a new airborne passive microwave remote sensor developed to observe hurricanes. HIRAD incorporates synthetic thinned array radiometry technology, which use Fourier synthesis to reconstruct images from an array of correlated antenna elements. The HIRAD system response to a point emitter has been measured in an anechoic chamber. With this data, a Fourier inversion image reconstruction algorithm has been developed. Performance analysis of the apparatus is presented, along with an overview of the image reconstruction algorithm. C1 [Fenigstein, David; Ruf, Chris] Univ Michigan, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [James, Mark; Simmons, David; Miller, Timothy; Buckley, Courtney] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Fenigstein, D (reprint author), Univ Michigan, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dfenig@umich.edu RI Ruf, Christopher/I-9463-2012 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 550 EP 553 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651985 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800143 ER PT S AU Racette, P AF Racette, Paul GP IEEE TI APPLICATION OF ENSEMBLE DETECTION AND ANALYSIS TO MODELING UNCERTAINTY IN NON STATIONARY PROCESSES SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Radiometer calibration; measurement uncertainty; non stationary processes; ensemble detection and analysis; empirical mode decomposition; observation theory AB Characterization of non stationary and nonlinear processes is a challenge in many engineering and scientific disciplines. Climate change modeling and projection, retrieving information from Doppler measurements of hydrometeors, and modeling calibration architectures and algorithms in microwave radiometers are example applications that can benefit from improvements in the modeling and analysis of non stationary processes. Analyses of measured signals have traditionally been limited to a single measurement series. Ensemble Detection is a technique whereby mixing calibrated noise produces an ensemble measurement set. The collection of ensemble data sets enables new methods for analyzing random signals and offers powerful new approaches to studying and analyzing non stationary processes. Derived information contained in the dynamic stochastic moments of a process will enable many novel applications. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Racette, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 582 EP 585 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650690 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800151 ER PT S AU Durbin, P Tilmes, C Duggan, B Das, B AF Durbin, Phillip Tilmes, Curt Duggan, Brian Das, Bigyani GP IEEE TI OMI NEAR REAL TIME DATA PROCESSING SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Real time systems; Satellite applications; Data processing AB The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) is a satellite instrument that measures ozone columns and profiles, aerosols, clouds, surface ultraviolet (UV) irradiance, and the trace gases. OMI was initially setup for processing standard products when the best data became available. The capability to produce Near Real Time (NRT) data was added later. In order to accomplish this it was necessary to modify algorithms and the processing system in order to reduce latency while still ensuring quality. This paper presents the challenges of producing a NRT System for the OMI instrument from the standard processing system. C1 [Durbin, Phillip; Duggan, Brian; Das, Bigyani] ADNET Syst Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Tilmes, Curt] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Durbin, P (reprint author), ADNET Syst Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RI Tilmes, Curt/D-5637-2012; Das, Bigyani/P-4064-2014; OI Tilmes, Curt/0000-0002-6512-0287; Duggan, Brian/0000-0001-5138-9130 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 586 EP 588 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651380 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800152 ER PT S AU Mao, JP Kawa, SR Abshire, JB Riris, H AF Mao, Jianping Kawa, S. Randolph Abshire, James B. Riris, Haris GP IEEE TI SENSITIVITY STUDIES FOR SPACE-BASED LASER MEASUREMENTS OF ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATION TOWARDS FUTURE NASA MISSION ASCENDS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION; REFLECTED SUNLIGHT; COLUMN; BUDGET; BAND AB NASA Goddard Space Flight Center is developing an active laser approach for global atmospheric CO2 concentration measurement from space as a candidate for NASA's future mission ASCENDS - the Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons. This pulsed laser approach provides several advantages with respect to passive approaches and other laser techniques toward high-precision CO2 concentration measurement from space. Sensitivity studies conducted for this development identify the best line and ideal wavelengths for the lower atmospheric CO2 and O-2 abundance measurement that allow the estimate of CO2 concentration in the lower atmosphere associated with CO2 sources and sinks. Studies also identify the ancillary data requirements, laser system and other measurement optimizations in order to achieve the high-precision measurement. C1 [Mao, Jianping] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. [Kawa, S. Randolph; Abshire, James B.; Riris, Haris] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Mao, JP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. RI Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012; Riris, Haris/D-1004-2013; Abshire, James/I-2800-2013 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 643 EP 645 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651523 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800167 ER PT S AU Georgieva, EM Heaps, WS Huang, W AF Georgieva, E. M. Heaps, W. S. Huang, W. GP IEEE TI A BROAD BAND LIDAR FOR PRECISE ATMOSPHERIC CO2 COLUMN ABSORPTION MEASUREMENT FROM SPACE SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Instrumentation; measurement; metrology; remote sensing; atmospheric composition; optical instruments; absorption; interferometry; Fabry-Perot AB Accurate global measurement of carbon dioxide column with the aim of discovering and quantifying unknown sources and sinks has been a high priority for the last decade. In order to uncover the "missing sink" that is responsible for the large discrepancies in the budget the critical precision for a measurement from space needs to be on the order of 1ppm [1]. To better understand the CO2 budget and to evaluate its impact on global warming the National Research Council (NRC) in its recent decadal survey report (NACP) to NASA recommended a laser based total CO2 mapping mission in the near future [2]. That's the goal of Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) mission -to significantly enhance the understanding of the role of CO2 in the global carbon cycle. Our current goal is to develop an ultra precise, inexpensive new lidar system for column measurements of CO2 changes in the lower atmosphere that uses a Fabry-Perot interferometer based system as the detector portion of the instrument and replaces the narrow band laser commonly used in lidars with a high power broadband source. This approach reduces the number of individual lasers used in the system and considerably reduces the risk of failure. It also tremendously reduces the requirement for wavelength stability in the source putting this responsibility instead on the Fabry-Perot subsystem. C1 [Georgieva, E. M.] UMBC, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. [Heaps, W. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Huang, W.] Inc, Sci Syst & Applicat, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Georgieva, EM (reprint author), UMBC, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. EM Elena.M.Georgieva@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 649 EP 652 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650811 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800169 ER PT S AU Dabney, P Harding, D Abshire, J Huss, T Jodor, G Machan, R Marzouk, J Rush, K Seas, A Shuman, C Sun, XL Valett, S Vasilyev, A Yu, A Zheng, YH AF Dabney, Philip Harding, David Abshire, James Huss, Tim Jodor, Gabriel Machan, Roman Marzouk, Joe Rush, Kurt Seas, Antonios Shuman, Christopher Sun, Xiaoli Valett, Susan Vasilyev, Aleksey Yu, Anthony Zheng, Yunhui GP IEEE TI THE SLOPE IMAGING MULTI-POLARIZATION PHOTON-COUNTING LIDAR: DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE RESULTS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID AIRBORNE; LASER; VEGETATION AB The Slope Imaging Multi-polarization Photon-counting Lidar is an airborne instrument developed to demonstrate laser altimetry measurement methods that will enable more efficient observations of topography and surface properties from space. The instrument was developed through the NASA Earth Science Technology Office Instrument Incubator Program with a focus on cryosphere remote sensing. The SIMPL transmitter is an 11 KHz, 1064 nm, plane-polarized micropulse laser transmitter that is frequency doubled to 532 nm and split into four push-broom beams. The receiver employs single-photon, polarimetric ranging at 532 and 1064 nm using Single Photon Counting Modules in order to achieve simultaneous sampling of surface elevation, slope, roughness and depolarizing scattering properties, the latter used to differentiate surface types. Data acquired over ice-covered Lake Erie in February, 2009 are documenting SIMPL's measurement performance and capabilities, demonstrating differentiation of open water and several ice cover types. ICESat-2 will employ several of the technologies advanced by SIMPL, including micropulse, single photon ranging in a multi-beam, push-broom configuration operating at 532 nm. C1 [Dabney, Philip; Harding, David; Abshire, James; Rush, Kurt; Seas, Antonios; Sun, Xiaoli; Valett, Susan; Yu, Anthony] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Huss, Tim; Jodor, Gabriel; Machan, Roman; Marzouk, Joe; Zheng, Yunhui] Signa Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Shuman, Christopher] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Vasilyev, Aleksey] Inc, Sci Syst & Applicat, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Dabney, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; Dabney, Philip/C-9976-2013; Abshire, James/I-2800-2013; Harding, David/F-5913-2012 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 653 EP 656 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650862 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800170 ER PT S AU Liu, Z Dong, DA Lundgren, P AF Liu, Zhen Dong, Danan Lundgren, Paul GP IEEE TI MONITORING TIME-DEPENDENT VOLCANIC DYNAMICS AT LONG VALLEY CALDERA USING INSAR AND GPS MEASUREMENTS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Geophysical inversion problems; Geodesy; Radar imaging; interferometry; Global Positioning System ID CALIFORNIA; OPTIMIZATION; UNREST AB Continuous monitoring Long Valley Caldera since the late 1970s, including data from seismic and geodetic networks has shown renewed episodic unrest activities with accelerated uplift separated by reduced uplift, no activity or slow deflation. We examine the time-dependent behaviors at Long Valley Caldera in 1996-2009 by integrating InSAR and continuous GPS (CGPS) measurements. The ERS-1/2 radar data between 1992 and 2008 and reprocessed three-component continuous GPS (CGPS) data from Long Valley GPS network in 1996-2009 were combined to invert for source geometry and volume change in the following deformation episodes: 97-98 uplift, 02-03 uplift, 04-07 slow subsidence, and 0709 slow uplift. Our results show that all post-2000 events locate in the shallow depth range of similar to 7-9 km and have nearly identical source location, suggesting that these events are caused by the same partial melt magma source at the mid-crustal level. All three events are characterized by the low volume change, in comparison with previous 1997-1998 inflation event that has much larger volume change and steeper source geometry. If we regard post-2000 events as proxy for future eruption hazard, the inferred source dynamics (e. g., mid-crustal location and low volume change) from these post-2000 events suggest that the probability for near-term eruption is low. Our study demonstrates that CGPS, along with InSAR, are important tools in monitoring time-dependent source process at the active volcano region. C1 [Liu, Zhen; Dong, Danan; Lundgren, Paul] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Liu, Z (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 665 EP 668 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651647 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800173 ER PT S AU Houborg, R Rodell, M Lawrimore, J Li, BL Reichle, R Heim, R Rosencrans, M Tinker, R Famiglietti, JS Svoboda, M Wardlow, B Zaitchik, BF AF Houborg, Rasmus Rodell, Matthew Lawrimore, Jay Li, Bailing Reichle, Rolf Heim, Richard Rosencrans, Matthew Tinker, Rich Famiglietti, James S. Svoboda, Mark Wardlow, Brian Zaitchik, Benjamin F. GP IEEE TI USING ENHANCED GRACE WATER STORAGE DATA TO IMPROVE DROUGHT DETECTION BY THE US AND NORTH AMERICAN DROUGHT MONITORS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE GRACE; terrestrial water storage; data assimilation; drought monitor; drought indicators ID MODEL AB NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites measure time variations of the Earth's gravity field enabling reliable detection of spatio-temporal variations in total terrestrial water storage (TWS), including groundwater. The U. S. and North American Drought Monitors rely heavily on precipitation indices and do not currently incorporate systematic observations of deep soil moisture and groundwater storage conditions. Thus GRACE has great potential to improve the Drought Monitors by filling this observational gap. GRACE TWS data were assimilating into the Catchment Land Surface Model using an ensemble Kalman smoother enabling spatial and temporal downscaling and vertical decomposition into soil moisture and groundwater components. The Drought Monitors combine several short-and long-term drought indicators expressed in percentiles as a reference to their historical frequency of occurrence. To be consistent, we generated a climatology of estimated soil moisture and ground water based on a 60-year Catchment model simulation, which was used to convert seven years of GRACE assimilated fields into drought indicator percentiles. At this stage we provide a preliminary evaluation of the GRACE assimilated moisture and indicator fields. C1 [Houborg, Rasmus; Rodell, Matthew; Li, Bailing; Reichle, Rolf] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Houborg, Rasmus; Li, Bailing] Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Lawrimore, Jay; Heim, Richard; Rosencrans, Matthew; Tinker, Rich] NOAAS Nat Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Famiglietti, James S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Reichle, Rolf] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA. [Svoboda, Mark; Wardlow, Brian] Univ Nebraska, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Zaitchik, Benjamin F.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Houborg, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012; Rodell, Matthew/E-4946-2012; Zaitchik, Benjamin/B-9461-2013 OI Rodell, Matthew/0000-0003-0106-7437; NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 710 EP 713 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5654237 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800185 ER PT S AU Truong-Loi, ML Dubois-Fernandez, P Pottier, E Freeman, A Souyris, JC AF My-Linh Truong-Loi Dubois-Fernandez, Pascale Pottier, Eric Freeman, Anthony Souyris, Jean-Claude GP IEEE TI POTENTIALS OF A COMPACT POLARIMETRIC SAR SYSTEM SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Compact polarimetry; conformity coefficient; Faraday rotation; soil moisture; biomass; calibration; PolInSAR ID FOREST BIOMASS AB The goal of this study is to show the potential of a compactpol SAR system for vegetation applications. Compact-pol concept has been suggested to minimize the system design while maximize the information and is declined as the pi/4, pi/2 and hybrid modes. In this paper, the applications such as classification, Faraday rotation and soil moisture estimates are first reminded, then, biomass estimation from CP data is presented and a calibration procedure using external targets is proposed. Finally, the interferometry concept is added to assess the capabilities of a compact-pol system to retrieve vegetation height. C1 [My-Linh Truong-Loi; Dubois-Fernandez, Pascale] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Salon De Provence, France. [My-Linh Truong-Loi; Pottier, Eric] Univ Rennes 1, IETR, F-35014 Rennes, France. [My-Linh Truong-Loi] CNES, Toulouse, France. [Souyris, Jean-Claude] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Truong-Loi, ML (reprint author), Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Salon De Provence, France. RI Dubois-Fernandez, Pascale/A-6743-2012 FU CNES; ONERA FX The authors would like to thank their colleagues from the French Aerospace Lab (ONERA) for providing the RAMSES data. The research was conducted under a grant by CNES and ONERA. Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 742 EP 745 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649036 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800193 ER PT S AU Reuter, D Richardson, C Irons, J Allen, R Anderson, M Budinoff, J Casto, G Coltharp, C Finneran, P Forsbacka, B Hale, T Jennings, T Jhabvala, M Lunsford, A Magnuson, G Mills, R Morse, T Otero, V Rohrbach, S Smith, R Sullivan, T Tesfaye, Z Thome, K Unger, G Whitehouse, P AF Reuter, Dennis Richardson, Cathy Irons, James Allen, Rick Anderson, Martha Budinoff, Jason Casto, Gordon Coltharp, Craig Finneran, Paul Forsbacka, Betsy Hale, Taylor Jennings, Tom Jhabvala, Murzy Lunsford, Allen Magnuson, Greg Mills, Rick Morse, Tony Otero, Veronica Rohrbach, Scott Smith, Ramsey Sullivan, Terry Tesfaye, Zelalem Thome, Kurtis Unger, Glenn Whitehouse, Paul GP IEEE TI The Thermal Infrared Sensor on the Landsat Data Continuity Mission SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE TIRS; LDCM; evapotranspiration ID MODEL AB The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), a joint NASA and USGS mission, is scheduled for launch in December, 2012. The LDCM instrument payload will consist of the Operational Land Imager (OLI), provided by Ball Aerospace and Technology Corporation (BATC) under contract to NASA and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), provided by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). This paper outlines the design of the TIRS instrument and gives an example of its application to monitoring water consumption by measuring evapotranspiration. C1 [Reuter, Dennis; Richardson, Cathy; Irons, James; Budinoff, Jason; Casto, Gordon; Coltharp, Craig; Forsbacka, Betsy; Jhabvala, Murzy; Mills, Rick; Otero, Veronica; Rohrbach, Scott; Smith, Ramsey; Thome, Kurtis; Unger, Glenn; Whitehouse, Paul] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Allen, Rick] Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID USA. [Anderson, Martha] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Finneran, Paul] Jackson & Tull Inc, Beltsville, MD USA. [Hale, Taylor; Jennings, Tom] SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Lunsford, Allen] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC USA. [Magnuson, Greg] Orbital Sci Corp, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Morse, Tony] Idaho Dept Water Resources, Boise, ID USA. [Sullivan, Terry] Muniz Engn, Seabrook, MD USA. [Tesfaye, Zelalem] Millenium Engn & Integrat Co, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Reuter, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Smith, Ramsey/D-4710-2012; Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Irons, James/D-8535-2012; OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 8 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 754 EP 757 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653746 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800196 ER PT S AU Mishchenko, M Cairns, B Kopp, G Maring, H Fafaul, B Knobelspiesse, K Chowdhary, J AF Mishchenko, Michael Cairns, Brian Kopp, Greg Maring, Hal Fafaul, Bryan Knobelspiesse, Kirk Chowdhary, Jacek GP IEEE TI ACCURATE MONITORING OF TERRESTRIAL AEROSOLS AND TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE: THE NASA GLORY MISSION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE solar irradiance; aerosols; radiative forcing ID TIM AB Current uncertainties in the total solar irradiance (TSI) and aerosol radiative forcings of climate are so large that they limit quantitative evaluation of climate models against global temperature change. Reducing these uncertainties is the objective of the NASA Glory mission scheduled for launch in November 2010 as part of the NASA A-Train. Glory is intended to meet the following scientific objectives: Improve the quantification of solar variability by continuing the uninterrupted 32-year satellite measurement record of TSI, facilitate the quantification of the aerosol direct and indirect forcings of climate, and provide better aerosol representations for use by other operational satellite instruments. C1 [Mishchenko, Michael; Cairns, Brian] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. [Kopp, Greg] Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Maring, Hal] NASA Headquaters, Washington, DC USA. [Fafaul, Bryan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Knobelspiesse, Kirk; Chowdhary, Jacek] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Mishchenko, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. RI Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012; Knobelspiesse, Kirk/S-5902-2016; OI Knobelspiesse, Kirk/0000-0001-5986-1751; Cairns, Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 758 EP 760 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652996 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800197 ER PT S AU Pepe, A Ortiz, AB Bonano, M Lanari, R Lundgren, P Rosen, PA AF Pepe, A. Ortiz, Bertran A. Bonano, M. Lanari, R. Lundgren, P. Rosen, P. A. GP IEEE TI Deformation in Hawaii's volcanoes obtained from a ScanSAR-to-StripMap Small BAseline Subset Technique SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Differential SAR Interferometry; SBAS; ScanSAR ID DIFFERENTIAL SAR INTERFEROGRAMS; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; ALGORITHM AB We investigate the displacement phenomena affecting Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes at Big Island (Hawaii, USA), by applying an advanced ScanSAR-to-stripmap differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) approach. The implemented method, based on the application of the well-known Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) technique, allows the generation of LOS mean deformation velocity maps and corresponding time series, leading us to characterize the complex deformation of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes. The presented analysis relies on the use of a SAR dataset composed by 49 ASAR ENVISAT satellite images, relevant to both stripmap and ScanSAR operational modes, acquired on descending orbits (track 200) from January 2003 to September 2008. Moreover, in order to assess the quality of the proposed combined ScanSAR-to-stripmap approach, we perform a comparison between the achieved DInSAR results and the LOS-projected GPS displacement measurements. C1 [Pepe, A.; Bonano, M.; Lanari, R.] IREA CNR, Via Diocleziano 328, I-80124 Naples, Italy. [Ortiz, Bertran A.; Lundgren, P.; Rosen, P. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Ortiz, Bertran A.] Sky Res Inc, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bonano, M.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Idraulica Transport & Strade, Fac Ingn, Rome 00184, Italy. RP Pepe, A (reprint author), IREA CNR, Via Diocleziano 328, I-80124 Naples, Italy. EM pepe.a@irea.cnr.it; ana.bertran@skyresearch.com; bonano.m@irea.cnr.it; lanari.r@irea.cnr.it; lundgren.p@jpl.nasa.gov RI Pepe, Antonio/J-9454-2016 OI Pepe, Antonio/0000-0002-7843-3565 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 769 EP 772 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651771 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800200 ER PT S AU Willis, JK Fu, LL Lindstrom, E Srinivasan, M AF Willis, Josh K. Fu, Lee-Lueng Lindstrom, Eric Srinivasan, Margaret GP IEEE TI 17 YEARS AND COUNTING: SATELLITE ALTIMETRY FROM RESEARCH TO OPERATIONS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Altimetry; oceanography; sea level rise AB In 1992, NASA and the French space agency launched the first high-precision satellite altimeter to measure changes in sea surface height. With it began a new era in oceanography. Data from satellite altimeters continues to be used to estimate global sea level rise, sea surface height, geostrophic velocity, significant wave height and atmospheric water vapor over the global oceans. In combination with other ocean observations such as color, winds, and gravity, as well as temperature, salinity and velocity from profiling floats, researchers continue to discover new insights into a wide variety of ocean processes and are increasingly able to discern more mesoscale structures. Precision satellite altimetry has matured to the stage where responsibility for the observations is being transitioned from research agencies to operational agencies. Maintaining these observations over the long term will have important implications for climate monitoring as well as scientific and operational use. C1 [Willis, Josh K.; Fu, Lee-Lueng; Srinivasan, Margaret] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lindstrom, Eric] NASA, Washington, DC USA. RP Willis, JK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 777 EP 780 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652195 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800202 ER PT S AU Peddle, DR Hall, FG AF Peddle, Derek R. Hall, Forrest G. GP IEEE TI PHYSICALLY-BASED CANOPY REFLECTANCE MODEL INVERSION OF FOREST STRUCTURE FROM MODIS IMAGERY IN BOREAL AND MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN USING THE BIOPHYS-MFM ALGORITHM SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE boreal; mountains; MODIS; structure ID MULTIPLE-FORWARD-MODE; CLASSIFICATION AB The Multiple Forward Mode Biophysical Structural (BIOPHYS-MFM) canopy reflectance model inversion algorithm was used to derive forest structural outputs from Terra-MODIS imagery over boreal forest and mountainous terrain. Validation results expressed as average differences against field data showed boreal and mountain retrieval accuracies for forest density within 350 and 800 stems/ha, respectively, with canopy radius on the order of 1m or less for most plots. Accuracies were generally higher in boreal forest than mountainous terrain, with the latter improved using advanced topographic correction. Higher stem density accuracies were obtained for pine versus spruce in both settings. These levels of results from MODIS are appropriate for follow-on input to carbon and other ecosystem models as well as regional-scale forest inventories and other programs. C1 [Peddle, Derek R.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. [Hall, Forrest G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hall, Forrest G.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Peddle, DR (reprint author), Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. EM derek.peddle@uleth.ca NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 785 EP 788 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651122 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800204 ER PT S AU Zhang, QY Middleton, EM AF Zhang, Qingyuan Middleton, Elizabeth M. GP IEEE TI INTRODUCTION TO FRACTION OF ABSORBED PAR BY CANOPY CHLOROPHYLL (FAPARCHL) AND CANOPY LEAF WATER CONTENT DERIVED FROM HYPERION, SIMULATED HYSPIRI AND MODIS IMAGES SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE fAPAR(chl); leaf water content (LWC); Hyperion; HyspIRI; MODIS ID LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CHAPARRAL ECOSYSTEM; SAIL MODEL; FOREST; AVIRIS; ABSORPTANCE; CARBON; FLUX AB Fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorbed by canopy chlorophyll (fAPAR(chl)) is different from fraction of PAR absorbed by the whole canopy (fAPAR(canopy), i.e., FPAR). The concept, algorithm and product of fAPARchl, and the product of leaf water content (LWC) are new to the remote sensing community and ecosystem scientists. In this paper, we introduce fAPARchl and LWC and provide examples. Different from vegetation indices, both fAPARchl and LWC provide unique quantitative vegetation physiological information. They can be utilized in carbon cycle studies, land-atmosphere interaction research, land cover and land use studies, terrestrial ecosystems, forestry and agricultural studies. C1 [Zhang, Qingyuan] UMBC, Goddard Earth Sci Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Zhang, Qingyuan; Middleton, Elizabeth M.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zhang, QY (reprint author), UMBC, Goddard Earth Sci Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM qyz72@yahoo.com FU Earth Observing One (EO-1) Mission Science Office; HyspIRI science; Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC) FX This study was supported by two NASA Headquarters sponsored programs, the Earth Observing One (EO-1) Mission Science Office (Sponsor, Dr. Garik Gutman) and the HyspIRI science support project at the Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC), through Dr. William (Woody) Turner. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 793 EP 796 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649467 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800206 ER PT S AU Shi, JC Chen, KS Tsang, L Jackson, T Njoku, E Van Zyl, J O' Neill, P Entekhabi, D Johnson, J Moghaddam, M Entekhabi, D Johnson, J Moghaddam, M AF Shi, Jiancheng Chen, K. S. Tsang, L. Jackson, T. Njoku, E. Van Zyl, J. O' Neill, P. Entekhabi, D. Johnson, J. Moghaddam, M. Entekhabi, D. Johnson, J. Moghaddam, M. GP IEEE TI DERIVING SOIL MOISTURE WITH THE COMBINED L-BAND RADAR AND RADIOMETER MEASUREMENTS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE soil moisture; L-band radar and radiometer AB In this study, we develop a combined active/passive technique to estimate surface soil moisture with the focus on the short vegetated surfaces. We first simulated a database for both active and passive signals under SMAP's sensor configurations using the radiative transfer model with a wide range of conditions for surface soil moisture, roughness and vegetation properties that we considered as the random orientated disks and cylinders. Using this database, we developed 1) the techniques to estimate surface backscattering and emission components and 2) the technique to estimate soil moisture with the estimated surface backscattering and emission components. We will demonstrate these techniques with the model simulated data and its validation with the airborne PALS image data from the soil moisture SGP'99 and SMEX'02 experiments. C1 [Shi, Jiancheng] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, ICESS, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Chen, K. S.] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli 32001, Taiwan. [Tsang, L.] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jackson, T.] USDA, ARS Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Njoku, E.; Van Zyl, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [O' Neill, P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Entekhabi, D.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Johnson, J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Moghaddam, M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Shi, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, ICESS, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM shi@icess.ucsb.edu RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 812 EP 815 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652424 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800211 ER PT S AU Stocker, EF Stout, J Kummerow, C Berg, W AF Stocker, Erich Franz Stout, John Kummerow, Christian Berg, Wesley GP IEEE TI A GENERALIZED LOGICAL FORMAT FOR INTER-CALIBRATED BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES FOR THE GLOBAL PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT MISSION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE GPM; Intercalibration; 1C. common format AB An important aspect of the GPM mission is the merging of precipitation data from multiple radiometers on different satellites. This requires that each radiometer be consistently calibrated and that each be intercalibrated with a mission reference standard. For GPM the reference standard is to be the core satellite carrying a dual frequency precipitation radar and a well calibrated conically scanning radiometer. This paper describes a common format for representing these intercalibrated brightness temperatures which will be used for all radiometer products from GPM partner satellites. The use of common formats ensures that users obtain all the required information and also facilitates the rain retrieval algorithm code preparation as it can always except to have the data that it needs for the retrieval. C1 [Stocker, Erich Franz] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 610-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stocker, EF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 610-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 844 EP 846 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5654253 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800219 ER PT S AU Morris, KR Schwaller, MR AF Morris, K. Robert Schwaller, Mathew R. GP IEEE TI DATA VISUALIZATION AND ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR THE GLOBAL PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT (GPM) VALIDATION NETWORK SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE precipitation measurement; radar; satellite; data visualization ID RADAR AB The Validation Network (VN) prototype for the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission compares data from the its predecessor Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite's Precipitation Radar (PR) to ground radar (GR) measurements from U. S. and international operational weather radars. This prototype is a major component of the GPM Ground Validation System (GVS). The VN provides a means for the precipitation measurement community to identify and resolve significant discrepancies between the GR observations and similar satellite observations. The VN prototype is based on research results and computer code Liao et al. [1]. Morris and Schwaller [3] describe the VN prototype and initial results in detail. This paper describes software tools that have been developed for visualization and statistical analysis of the original and volume matched PR and GR data. C1 [Morris, K. Robert] SAIC, Natick, MA USA. [Morris, K. Robert; Schwaller, Mathew R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Morris, KR (reprint author), SAIC, Natick, MA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 847 EP 850 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5654248 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933800220 ER PT S AU Toll, D Doorn, B Engman, E AF Toll, David Doorn, Bradley Engman, Edwin GP IEEE TI NASA'S WATER RESOURCES ELEMENT WITHIN THE APPLIED SCIENCES PROGRAM SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Water Resources; Hydrology; Remote Sensing AB The NASA Earth Systems Division has the primary responsibility for the Applied Science Program and the objective to accelerate the use of NASA science results in applications to help solve problems important to society and the economy. The primary goal of the NASA Applied Science Program is to improve future and current operational systems by infusing them with scientific knowledge of the Earth system gained through space-based observation, assimilation of new observations, and development and deployment of enabling technologies, systems, and capabilities. This paper discusses major problems facing water resources managers, including having timely and accurate data to drive their decision support tools. It then describes how NASA's science and space based satellites may be used to overcome this problem. Opportunities for the water resources community to participate in NASA's Water Resources Applications Program are described. C1 [Toll, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Doorn, Bradley] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Engman, Edwin] Sci & Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA USA. RP Toll, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 918 EP 921 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653865 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801015 ER PT S AU Kizer, S Liu, X Larar, A Smith, W Zhou, D Barnet, C Divakarla, M Guo, G Blackwell, B Leslie, V Jairam, L St Jermain, K AF Kizer, Susan Liu, Xu Larar, Allen Smith, William Zhou, Daniel Barnet, Chris Divakarla, Murty Guo, Guang Blackwell, Bill Leslie, Vincent Jairam, Laura St Jermain, Karen GP IEEE TI PORTING AND TESTING NPOESS CRIMSS EDR ALGORITHMS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB As a part of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) and the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP), the instruments Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) and Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) make up the Cross-track Infrared and Microwave Sounder Suite (CrIMSS). CrIMSS will primarily provide global temperature, moisture, and pressure profiles and calibrated radiances [1]. In preparation for the NPOESS/NPP launch, porting and testing of the CrIMSS Environmental Data Record (EDR) algorithms need to be performed. C1 [Kizer, Susan] Sci Syst Applicat Intl, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Liu, Xu; Larar, Allen; Zhou, Daniel] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Smith, William] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Barnet, Chris] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Appl, Silver Spring, MD 20746 USA. [Divakarla, Murty] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Guo, Guang] PSGS, Fairfax, VA 20706 USA. [Blackwell, Bill; Leslie, Vincent; Jairam, Laura] MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. [St Jermain, Karen] NOAA, NPOESS Integrated Program Office, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kizer, S (reprint author), Sci Syst Applicat Intl, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RI Divakarla, Murty/E-7936-2011 OI Divakarla, Murty/0000-0002-0399-3381 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1067 EP 1069 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652925 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801053 ER PT S AU Hilliard, L Campbell, B Graham, S Foody, M Klitsner, D Conaty, A AF Hilliard, L. Campbell, B. Graham, S. Foody, M. Klitsner, D. Conaty, A. GP IEEE TI LRN, ERN:, & BERN @ WIRELESS INTEGRATING THE SCIENCES (WITS) THEATRE SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE C1 [Hilliard, L.; Campbell, B.; Graham, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Foody, M.] Global Imaginat, Campbell, CA 95008 USA. [Klitsner, D.] KID Grp, LLC, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Conaty, A.] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Hilliard, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Lawrence.M.Hilliard@nasa.gov; Brian.A.Campbell@nasa.gov; steven.m.graham-1@nasa.gov; Mike@GlobalImagination.com; dan@kid-group.com; agnes.conaty@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1125 EP 1128 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651712 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801069 ER PT S AU Colliander, A McDonald, K Zimmermann, R Linke, T Schroeder, R Kimball, J Njoku, E AF Colliander, Andreas McDonald, Kyle Zimmermann, Reiner Linke, Thomas Schroeder, Ronny Kimball, John Njoku, Eni GP IEEE TI QUIKSCAT BACKSCATTER SENSITIVITY TO LANDSCAPE FREEZE/THAW STATE OVER ALECTRA SITES IN ALASKA FROM 2000 TO 2007: APPLICATION TO SMAP VALIDATION PLANNING SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Freeze/thaw state; SMAP; QuikSCAT; ALECTRA AB The mapping of freeze/thaw state of the landscape is one of the main objectives of NASA's upcoming SMAP (Soil Moisture Active and Passive) mission. This study applies ALECTRA (Alaska Ecological Transect) biophysical network and QuikSCAT scatterometer data to evaluate some of the validation issues regarding the SMAP freeze/thaw measurements. Although the QuikSCAT data is at Ku-band frequency, rather than the L-band of the SMAP instrument, the data is utilized due to its uniquely high temporal resolution over the ALECTRA sites. The results show that multiple temperature measurements representative of individual landscape (soil, snow cover, vegetation and atmosphere) elements and spatial heterogeneity within the satellite field-of-view are important for understanding the radar backscatter process and aggregate freeze/thaw signal. The backscatter temporal dynamics and relative contribution of these landscape elements to the freeze-thaw signal varies with land cover type, seasonal weather and climate conditions. C1 [Colliander, Andreas; McDonald, Kyle; Linke, Thomas; Schroeder, Ronny; Njoku, Eni] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zimmermann, Reiner] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. [Kimball, John] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT USA. RP Colliander, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM andreas.colliander@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1269 EP 1272 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652955 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801106 ER PT S AU Diner, DJ Ackerman, TP Braverman, AJ Bruegge, CJ Chopping, MJ Clothiaux, EE Davies, R Di Girolamo, L Kahn, RA Knyazikhin, Y Liu, Y Marchand, R Martonchik, JV Muller, JP Nolin, AW Pinty, B Verstraete, MM Wu, DL Garay, MJ Kalashnikova, OV Davis, AB Davis, ES Chipman, RA AF Diner, David J. Ackerman, Thomas P. Braverman, Amy J. Bruegge, Carol J. Chopping, Mark J. Clothiaux, Eugene E. Davies, Roger Di Girolamo, Larry Kahn, Ralph A. Knyazikhin, Yuri Liu, Yang Marchand, Roger Martonchik, John V. Muller, Jan-Peter Nolin, Anne W. Pinty, Bernard Verstraete, Michel M. Wu, Dong L. Garay, Michael J. Kalashnikova, Olga V. Davis, Anthony B. Davis, Edgar S. Chipman, Russell A. GP IEEE TI TEN YEARS OF MISR OBSERVATIONS FROM TERRA: LOOKING BACK, AHEAD, AND IN BETWEEN SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Remote sensing; aerosols; clouds; surfaces ID MULTIANGLE MEASUREMENTS; RETRIEVAL; HEIGHT AB The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument has been collecting global Earth data from NASA's Terra satellite since February 2000. With its nine along-track view angles, four visible/near-infrared spectral bands, intrinsic spatial resolution of 275 m, and stable radiometric and geometric calibration, no instrument that combines MISR's attributes has previously flown in space. The more than 10-year (and counting) MISR data record provides unprecedented opportunities for characterizing long-term trends in aerosol, cloud, and surface properties, and includes 3-D textural information conventionally thought to be accessible only to active sensors. C1 [Diner, David J.; Braverman, Amy J.; Bruegge, Carol J.; Martonchik, John V.; Wu, Dong L.; Garay, Michael J.; Kalashnikova, Olga V.; Davis, Anthony B.; Davis, Edgar S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ackerman, Thomas P.; Marchand, Roger] Univ Washington, Walla Walla, WA USA. [Chopping, Mark J.] Montclair State Univ, Montclair, NJ USA. [Clothiaux, Eugene E.] Penn State Univ, State Coll, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Davies, Roger] Univ Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. [Di Girolamo, Larry] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. [Kahn, Ralph A.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Knyazikhin, Yuri] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Liu, Yang] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Muller, Jan-Peter] Univ Coll London, Dorking WC1E 6BT, Surrey, England. [Nolin, Anne W.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pinty, Bernard; Verstraete, Michel M.] Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. [Chipman, Russell A.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Diner, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Wu, Dong/D-5375-2012; OI Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Verstraete, Michel/0000-0003-0968-8721 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1297 EP 1299 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649389 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801113 ER PT S AU Wolfe, RE Ramapriyan, HK AF Wolfe, Robert E. Ramapriyan, Hampapuram (Rama) K. GP IEEE TI SCALING THE PIPE: NASA EOS TERRA DATA SYSTEMS AT 10 SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE EOS; Terra; science data system; MODIS; CERES; ASTER; MISR; MOPITT AB Standard products from the five sensors on NASA's Earth Observing System's (EOS) Terra satellite are being used world-wide for earth science research and applications. This paper describes the evolution of the Terra data systems over the last decade in which the distributed systems that produce, archive and distribute high quality Terra data products were scaled by two orders of magnitude. C1 [Wolfe, Robert E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614-5,Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ramapriyan, Hampapuram (Rama) K.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wolfe, RE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614-5,Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Wolfe, RE (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM robert.e.wolfe@nasa.gov RI Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012 OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1300 EP 1303 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652069 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801114 ER PT S AU Chandrasekar, V Schwaller, M Vega, M Carswell, J Mishra, KV Meneghini, R Nguyen, C AF Chandrasekar, V. Schwaller, Mathew Vega, Manuel Carswell, James Mishra, Kumar Vijay Meneghini, Robert Cuong Nguyen GP IEEE TI SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING OVERVIEW OF THE NASA DUAL-FREQUENCY DUAL-POLARIZED DOPPLER RADAR (D3R) SYSTEM FOR GPM GROUND VALIDATION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE GPM; ground validation; D3R; Dual-frequency radar; TRMM ID TRMM AB As an integral part of Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, Ground Validation (GV) program proposes to establish an independent global cross-validation process to characterize errors and quantify uncertainties in the precipitation measurements of the GPM program. A ground-based Dual-Frequency Dual-Polarized Doppler Radar (D3R) that will provide measurements at the two broadly separated frequencies (Ku- and Ka-band) is currently being developed to enable GPM ground validation, enhance understanding of the microphysical interpretation of precipitation and facilitate improvement of retrieval algorithms. The first generation D3R design will comprise of two separate co-aligned single-frequency antenna units mounted on a common pedestal with dual-frequency dual-polarized solid-state transmitter. This paper describes the salient features of this radar, the system concept and its engineering design challenges. C1 [Chandrasekar, V.; Vega, Manuel; Mishra, Kumar Vijay; Cuong Nguyen] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schwaller, Mathew; Vega, Manuel; Meneghini, Robert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Carswell, James] Remote Sensing Solut, Barnstable, MA USA. RP Chandrasekar, V (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU NASA FX This research is supported by the NASA GPM program. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1308 EP 1311 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649440 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801116 ER PT S AU Arii, M van Zyl, JJ Kim, Y AF Arii, Motofumi van Zyl, Jakob J. Kim, Yunjin GP IEEE TI RETRIVEVAL OF SOIL MOISTURE UNDER VEGETATION USING POLARIMETRIC SCATTERING CUBES SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Polarimetric radar; soil moisture inversion; discrete scatterer model; polarimetric scattering cubes AB Soil moisture inversion from polarimetric SAR data has attracted significant attention for the past twenty years. Comparing with the simple case of bare surface, it is extremely complicated for vegetated terrain to invert soil moisture because of a larger number of scattering mechanisms that contributes to the observation. In this paper, we show how polarimetric decomposition technique, which decomposes SAR observation into preferred scattering mechanisms, can be used for the inversion. The result leads us to give up the use of polarimetric decomposition because of an unknown attenuation ratio caused by the canopy. Then a new inversion algorithm using Polarimetric Scattering Cubes (PSC) is introduced with simulation results to show a sensitivity to physical parameter such as vegetation distribution. Finally, we also discuss how the technique should be implemented for the real SAR data. C1 [Arii, Motofumi] Mitsubishi Space Software Co Ltd, 792 Kami Machiya, Kanagawa 2470065, Japan. [van Zyl, Jakob J.; Kim, Yunjin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Arii, M (reprint author), Mitsubishi Space Software Co Ltd, 792 Kami Machiya, Kanagawa 2470065, Japan. FU NASA FX This work was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1323 EP 1326 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649918 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801120 ER PT S AU Whitcomb, J Moghaddam, M McDonald, K Podest, E Chapman, B AF Whitcomb, J. Moghaddam, M. McDonald, K. Podest, E. Chapman, B. GP IEEE TI MAPPING AND CHANGE DETECTION FOR BOREAL WETLANDS OF NORTH AMERICA BASED ON JERS AND PALSAR DATA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE boreal wetlands; classification; synthetic aperture radar; JERS; PALSAR AB We have been developing high-resolution thematic maps of wetlands throughout the North American boreal regions. We assemble a wetlands map for each region based on data collected during the late 1990s, then construct a second map based on data collected during the late 2000s. Comparison of the two maps then makes it possible to assess changes that have occurred over the course of the intervening decade.. C1 [Whitcomb, J.; Moghaddam, M.] Univ Michigan, Radiat Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [McDonald, K.; Podest, E.; Chapman, B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Whitcomb, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Radiat Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jbwhit@umich.edu FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was done at the University of Michigan and at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1371 EP 1373 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650013 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801132 ER PT S AU Williams, ML Silman, M Saatchi, S Hensley, S Sanford, M Yohannan, A Kofman, B Reis, J Kampes, B AF Williams, M. L. Silman, M. Saatchi, S. Hensley, S. Sanford, M. Yohannan, A. Kofman, B. Reis, J. Kampes, B. GP IEEE TI ANALYSIS OF GEOSAR DUAL-BAND INSAR DATA FOR PERUVIAN FOREST SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE SAR; Interferometry; DBInSAR; Tropical; Forest; Biomass; REDD AB At present there is no consensus as to which remote sensing technologies are appropriate for tropical forest biomass estimation. cloud cover in the tropics and biomass saturation suggest that a combination of low-frequency SAR and interferometry (either PolInSAR or dual-band interferometric SAR - DBInSAR) could provide a solution. Tropical forest biomass recovery using X-P DBInSAR has been demonstrated from an airborne platform using the X-P DEM height difference. This height is known to be considerably lower than the tree height as a result of penetration of microwaves into the canopy that can be significant even at X-band. We model the penetration using the RVOG model and show that in the strong attenuation approximation the interferometric coherence magnitude can be used to estimate penetration depth. We compare the model with GeoSAR DBInSAR observations of Peruvian forest, and, by comparison with LiDAR data, show that the GeoSAR X-band interferometric height can be corrected towards the upper canopy using knowledge of the coherence magnitude combined with the high-frequency "X-RVOG" model. We employ the corrected height with a biomass inversion equation derived from plot samples covered in the Peru campaign and generate a map of above ground forest biomass. C1 [Williams, M. L.; Sanford, M.; Yohannan, A.; Kofman, B.; Reis, J.; Kampes, B.] Fugro EarthData Inc, 7320 Execut Way, Frederick, MD 21704 USA. [Silman, M.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Saatchi, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hensley, S.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Williams, ML (reprint author), Fugro EarthData Inc, 7320 Execut Way, Frederick, MD 21704 USA. EM mlwilliams@earthdata.com NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1398 EP 1401 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651188 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801139 ER PT S AU Tarabalka, Y Benediktsson, JA Chanussot, J Tilton, JC AF Tarabalka, Yuliya Benediktsson, Jon Atli Chanussot, Jocelyn Tilton, James C. GP IEEE TI A MULTIPLE CLASSIFIER APPROACH FOR SPECTRAL-SPATIAL CLASSIFICATION OF HYPERSPECTRAL DATA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Hyperspectral images; classification; segmentation; multiple classifiers; minimum spanning forest AB A new multiple classifier method for spectral-spatial classification of hyperspectral images is proposed. Several classifiers are used independently to classify an image. For every pixel, if all the classifiers have assigned this pixel to the same class, the pixel is kept as a marker, i.e., a seed of the spatial region, with the corresponding class label. We propose to use spectral-spatial classifiers at the preliminary step of the marker selection procedure, each of them combining the results of a pixel-wise classification and a segmentation map. Different segmentation approaches lead to different classification results. Furthermore, a minimum spanning forest is built, where each tree is rooted on a classification-driven marker and forms a region in the spectral-spatial classification map. Experimental results are presented on a 103-band ROSIS image of the University of Pavia, Italy. The proposed method significantly improves classification accuracies, when compared to previously proposed classification techniques. C1 [Tarabalka, Yuliya; Benediktsson, Jon Atli] Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Chanussot, Jocelyn] Grenoble Inst Technol, GIPSA Lab, Grenoble, France. [Tilton, James C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tarabalka, Y (reprint author), Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. EM yuliya.tarabalka@hyperinet.eu RI Benediktsson, Jon/F-2861-2010 OI Benediktsson, Jon/0000-0003-0621-9647 FU Marie Curie Research Training Network FX This research is supported in part by the Marie Curie Research Training Network HYPER-I-NET. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1410 EP 1413 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649222 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801142 ER PT J AU Valinia, A Seery, BD AF Valinia, Azita Seery, Bernard D. GP IEEE TI THE USE OF REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR ADVANCING AMERICA'S ENERGY POLICY SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Energy Policy; Green House Gases; Climate Change; Carbon Sequestration; Global Carbon Cycle; Carbon Observing System ID CARBON-CYCLE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FEEDBACK; MODEL AB After briefly reviewing America's Energy Policy laid out by the Obama Administration, we outline how a Global Carbon Observing System designed to monitor Carbon from space can provide the necessary data and tools to equip decision makers with the knowledge necessary to formulate effective energy use and practices policy. To stabilize greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere in a manner that it does not interfere with the Earth's climate system (which is one of the goals of United Nations Framework for Convention on Climate Change) requires vastly improved prediction of the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) concentrations. This in turn requires a robust understanding of the carbon exchange mechanisms between atmosphere, land, and oceans and a clear understanding of the sources and sinks (i.e. uptake and storage) of CO(2). We discuss how the Carbon Observing System from space aids in better understanding of the connection between the carbon cycle and climate change and provides more accurate predictions of atmospheric CO(2) concentration. It also enables implementation of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation policies such as cap and trade programs, international climate treaties, as well as formulation of effective energy use policies. C1 [Valinia, Azita; Seery, Bernard D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Valinia, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1426 EP 1429 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5648839 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801146 ER PT S AU Kelly, AC Coronado, PL Case, WF Franklin, AG AF Kelly, Angelita C. Coronado, Patrick L. Case, Warren F. Franklin, Amelia G. GP IEEE TI TERRA, AQUA, AND AURA DIRECT BROADCAST-PROVIDING EARTH SCIENCE DATA FOR REAL-TIME APPLICATIONS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB The need for real-time data to aid in disaster management and monitoring has been clearly demonstrated for the past several years, e. g., during fires, the tsunami in Indonesia in 2004, the hurricane Katrina in 2005, and more recently, the Iceland volcano eruption and the oil spill in the gulf off the Louisiana coast. Users want (and often require) the means to get earth observation data for operational regional use as soon as it is captured by satellites. This is especially true during events that can cause loss of human life and/or property. To meet this need, NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites, Terra, Aqua, and Aura provide real-time data useful to disaster management teams. This paper describes the satellites, their Direct Broadcast (DB) capabilities, the data uses, and the Direct Readout (DR) processing environment required to address decision support systems. C1 [Kelly, Angelita C.] NASA, Earth Sci Missions Operat Project, Mission Validat & Operat Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Coronado, Patrick L.; Franklin, Amelia G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Direct Readout Lab, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Case, Warren F.] NASA, SGT Inc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Kelly, AC (reprint author), NASA, Earth Sci Missions Operat Project, Mission Validat & Operat Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1438 EP 1441 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650520 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801149 ER PT S AU Michael, K Murphy, K Lowe, D Masuoka, E Vollmer, B Tilmes, C Teague, M Ye, G Maiden, M Goodman, HM Justice, C AF Michael, Karen Murphy, Kevin Lowe, Dawn Masuoka, Edward Vollmer, Bruce Tilmes, Curt Teague, Michael Ye, Gang Maiden, Martha Goodman, H. Michael Justice, Christopher GP IEEE TI IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LAND, ATMOSPHERE NEAR REAL-TIME CAPABILITY FOR EOS (LANCE) SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Real time systems; Satellite applications AB The past decade has seen a rapid increase in availability and usage of near real-time data from satellite sensors. Applications have demonstrated the utility of timely data in a number of areas ranging from numerical weather prediction and forecasting, to monitoring of natural hazards, disaster relief, agriculture and homeland security. As applications mature, the need to transition from prototypes to operational capabilities presents an opportunity to improve current near real-time systems and inform future capabilities. This paper presents NASA's effort to implement a near real-time capability for land and atmosphere data acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) instruments on the Terra, Aqua, and Aura satellites. C1 [Michael, Karen; Murphy, Kevin; Lowe, Dawn; Masuoka, Edward; Vollmer, Bruce; Tilmes, Curt] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Teague, Michael; Ye, Gang] Sigma Space, Lanham, MD USA. [Maiden, Martha; Goodman, H. Michael] NASA, Washington, DC USA. [Justice, Christopher] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. RP Michael, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM karen.a.michael@nasa.gov; kevin.j.murphy@nasa.gov; dawn.r.lowe@nasa.gov; edward.j.masuoka@nasa.gov; bruce.e.vollmer@nasa.gov; curt.a.tilmes@nasa.gov; michael.teague@sigmaspace.com; gang.ye-1@nasa.gov; martha.e.maiden@nasa.gov; michael.goodman@nasa.gov; justice@hermes.geog.umd.edu RI Tilmes, Curt/D-5637-2012; OI Tilmes, Curt/0000-0002-6512-0287 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1442 EP 1445 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650534 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801150 ER PT S AU Georgiev, GT Butler, JJ Thome, KJ Ranson, KJ King, MD AF Georgiev, Georgi T. Butler, James J. Thome, Kurt J. Ranson, K. Jon King, Michael D. GP IEEE TI THE EFFECT OF INCIDENT LIGHT POLARIZATION ON VEGETATION BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE FACTOR SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE BRF; Reflectance; Multiangular; Remote Sensing; Vegetation ID BRDF AB A laboratory-based Bidirectional Reflectance Factor (BRF) polarization study of vegetation is presented in this paper. The BRF was measured using a short-arc Xenon lamp/monochromator assembly producing a tunable light source with a well-defined spectral bandpass at the following visible and near-infrared wavelengths: 340nm, 470 nm, and 870 nm. All vegetation samples were measured using P and S linearly polarized incident light over a range of incident and scatter angles. By comparing these results, we quantitatively examined how the BRF of the samples depends on the polarization of the incident light. The differences are significant, depend strongly on the incident and scatter angles, and can be as high as 135% at 67 deg incident and 470nm. C1 [Georgiev, Georgi T.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Butler, James J.; Thome, Kurt J.; Ranson, K. Jon] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [King, Michael D.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80309 USA. RP Georgiev, GT (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM georgi.t.georgiev@nasa.gov RI Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Ranson, Kenneth/G-2446-2012; Butler, James/D-4188-2013; King, Michael/C-7153-2011 OI Ranson, Kenneth/0000-0003-3806-7270; King, Michael/0000-0003-2645-7298 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1652 EP 1655 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652893 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801203 ER PT S AU Angal, A Chander, G Choi, T Wu, AS Xiong, XX AF Angal, Amit Chander, Gyanesh Choi, Taeyoung (Jason) Wu, Aisheng Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack) GP IEEE TI THE USE OF THE SONORAN DESERT AS A PSEUDO-INVARIANT SITE FOR OPTICAL SENSOR CROSS-CALIBRATION AND LONG-TERM STABILITY MONITORING SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB The Sonoran Desert is a large, flat, pseudo-invariant site near the United States-Mexico border. It is one of the largest and hottest deserts in North America, with an area of 311,000 square km. This site is particularly suitable for calibration purposes because of its high spatial and spectral uniformity and reasonable temporal stability. This study uses measurements from four different sensors, Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Aqua MODIS, and Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM), to assess the suitability of this site for long-term stability monitoring and to evaluate the "radiometric calibration differences" between spectrally matching bands of all four sensors. In general, the drift in the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance of each sensor over a span of nine years is within the specified calibration uncertainties. Monthly precipitation measurements of the Sonoran Desert region were obtained from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN), and their effects on the retrieved TOA reflectances were evaluated. To account for the combined uncertainties in the TOA reflectance due to the surface and atmospheric Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF), a semi-empirical BRDF model has been adopted to monitor and reduce the impact of illumination geometry differences on the retrieved TOA reflectances. To evaluate calibration differences between the MODIS and Landsat sensors, correction for spectral response differences using a hyperspectral sensor is also demonstrated. C1 [Angal, Amit] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Chander, Gyanesh] USGS, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Choi, Taeyoung (Jason); Wu, Aisheng] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Angal, A (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1656 EP 1659 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652812 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801204 ER PT J AU Thome, K Reuter, D Richardson, C Smith, R AF Thome, Kurtis Reuter, Dennis Richardson, Cathleen Smith, Ramsey GP IEEE TI CALIBRATION OF THE THERMAL INFRARED SENSOR ON THE LANDSAT DATA CONTINUITY MISSION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Radiometric calibration; TIRS; LDCM AB The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) continues Landsat data into a fourth decade with a two-sensor platform that includes the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). TIRS will operate in pushbroom mode with two spectral bands (10.8 and 12 micrometer) and a required spatial resolution of 120-m and 185-km swath. The radiometric assessment of TIRS relies on NIST-traceability of the radiometric calibration, knowledge of out-of-band spectral response, and characterizing and minimizing stray light. Calibration testing will take place at NASA GSFC using a vacuum-compatible system that is capable of filling the entrance aperture of TIRS while permitting evaluation of the entire field of view. Spectral response of the sensor will be determined using a monochromator source external to the test chamber. The error budget for the calibration system shows that the required 2% radiometric accuracy for scene temperatures between 260 and 330 K is well within the capabilities of the system. C1 [Thome, Kurtis; Reuter, Dennis; Richardson, Cathleen; Smith, Ramsey] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Thome, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614-4, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RI Smith, Ramsey/D-4710-2012; Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1660 EP 1663 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652758 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801205 ER PT S AU Chander, G Mishra, N Helder, DL Aaron, D Choi, T Angal, A Xiong, X AF Chander, G. Mishra, N. Helder, D. L. Aaron, D. Choi, T. Angal, A. Xiong, X. GP IEEE TI USE OF EO-1 HYPERION DATA TO CALCULATE SPECTRAL BAND ADJUSTMENT FACTORS (SBAF) BETWEEN THE L7 ETM+ AND TERRA MODIS SENSORS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB Different applications and technology developments in Earth observations necessarily require different spectral coverage. Thus, even for the spectral bands designed to look at the same region of the electromagnetic spectrum, the relative spectral responses (RSR) of different sensors may be different. In this study, spectral band adjustment factors (SBAF) are derived using hyperspectral Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion measurements to adjust for the spectral band differences between the Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and the Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance measurements from 2000 to 2009 over the pseudo-invariant Libya 4 reference standard test site. C1 [Chander, G.] SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Mishra, N.; Helder, D. L.; Aaron, D.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Choi, T.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Angal, A.] SSAI, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, X.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1667 EP 1670 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652746 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801207 ER PT S AU Corp, LA Cook, BD Middleton, EM Cheng, YB Huemmrich, KF Campbell, PKE AF Corp, Lawrence A. Cook, Bruce D. Middleton, Elizabeth M. Cheng, Yen-Ben Huemmrich, K. Fred Campbell, Petya K. E. GP IEEE TI FUSION: A FULLY ULTRAPORTABLE SYSTEM FOR IMAGING OBJECTS IN NATURE SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Imaging Spectroscopy; Thermal Imaging; LiDAR; Remote Sensing ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; LIGHT-USE; FOREST; LIDAR; EFFICIENCY AB To improve satellite-derived estimates of terrestrial plant production and exchange of CO2, water, and energy with the atmosphere, scientists need to consider ecosystem composition, structure, function, and health. This can be accomplished through the fusion of Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data, which can provide 3D information about the vertical and horizontal distribution of vegetation [1,2,3,4,6,7,9]; and hyperspectral remote sensing, which can inform us about variations in biophysical variables (e. g., photosynthetic pigments) and responses to environmental stressors (e. g., heat, moisture loss) [3,5,8,10]. Satellite observations from upcoming Decadal Survey missions [11] will provide NASA with the unique opportunity to fuse LiDAR data from ICESat-II, DESDynI, and LIST with hyperspectral and thermal imagery from HyspIRI and GEO-CAPE. This synergy will augment and enhance the individual science objectives of decadal survey missions, and will allow scientists the opportunity to develop 3D models of plant canopies that better describe global cycling of carbon, water and energy. Multiple NASA's Earth Science Focus Areas are served by this science, including carbon cycle and ecosystems; water and energy cycle; and climate variability and change (i.e., ecosystem responses and feedbacks to climate change). One of the major obstacles to the development of data fusion algorithms is the availability of accurately co-registered data of similar grain size [1]. This is often the case when instruments are flown on different platforms and at different times during a field campaign. We believe that "instrument fusion" is a prerequisite to "data fusion", and we have developed a system the integrates a full-waveform LiDAR, narrow band hyperspectral imager, and broad band thermal imager in a single, compact and portable instrument package that could be readily deployed on a number of observation platforms. FUSION will provide accurate co aligned datasets that are needed for: (i) calibration and validation of satellite-derived land products; (ii) development of data fusion algorithms; and (iii) combine observations from multiple sensors to characterize ecosystem composition, structure, function, and health. C1 [Corp, Lawrence A.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Cook, Bruce D.; Middleton, Elizabeth M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cheng, Yen-Ben] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Annapolis, MD 20701 USA. [Huemmrich, K. Fred; Campbell, Petya K. E.] Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, UMBC, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Corp, LA (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RI Campbell, Petya/G-4931-2013; Cook, Bruce/M-4828-2013; Campbell, Petya/L-7486-2013 OI Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Cook, Bruce/0000-0002-8528-000X; Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1671 EP 1674 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652788 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801208 ER PT S AU Chander, G Killough, B Gowda, S AF Chander, G. Killough, B. Gowda, S. GP IEEE TI AN OVERVIEW OF THE WEB-BASED GOOGLE EARTH COINCIDENT IMAGING TOOL SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB The Committee on Earth Observing Satellites (CEOS) Visualization Environment (COVE) tool is a browser-based application that leverages Google Earth web to display satellite sensor coverage areas. The analysis tool can also be used to identify near simultaneous surface observation locations for two or more satellites. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) CEOS System Engineering Office (SEO) worked with the CEOS Working Group on Calibration and Validation (WGCV) to develop the COVE tool. The CEOS member organizations are currently operating and planning hundreds of Earth Observation (EO) satellites. Standard cross-comparison exercises between multiple sensors to compare near-simultaneous surface observations and to identify corresponding image pairs are time-consuming and labor-intensive. COVE is a suite of tools that have been developed to make such tasks easier. C1 [Chander, G.] SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Killough, B.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Gowda, S.] AMA Inc, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov; Brian.D.Killough@nasa.gov; gowda@ama-inc.com FU NASA SEO FX The development of the COVE tool was supported by NASA SEO. Special thanks are extended to AMA, Inc. for developing the core COVE tool. The AMA team includes: Dave Cornelius, Michael Mahair, Min Qu, Angela Bowes, and Paul Kessler. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support and feedback from the CEOS WGCV community. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1679 EP 1682 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652852 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801210 ER PT S AU Mattmann, CA Downs, RR Marshall, JJ Most, NF Samadi, S AF Mattmann, Chris A. Downs, Robert R. Marshall, James J. Most, Neal F. Samadi, Shahin GP IEEE TI REUSE OF SOFTWARE ASSETS FOR THE NASA EARTH SCIENCE DECADAL SURVEY MISSIONS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE ESDS; Software Reuse; Reference Architecture AB Software assets from existing Earth science missions can be reused for the new decadal survey missions that are being planned by NASA in response to the 2007 Earth Science National Research Council (NRC) Study. The new missions will require the development of software to curate, process, and disseminate the data to science users of interest and to the broader NASA mission community. In this paper, we discuss new tools and a blossoming community that are being developed by the Earth Science Data System (ESDS) Software Reuse Working Group (SRWG) to improve capabilities for reusing NASA software assets. C1 [Mattmann, Chris A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Downs, Robert R.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Int Earth Sci Informat Network, Network, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Marshall, James J.; Most, Neal F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, INNOVIM, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Samadi, Shahin] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Mattmann, CA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mattmann@jpl.nasa.gov; rdowns@ciesin.columbia.edu; James.J.Marshall@nasa.gov RI Marshall, James/A-9611-2009; Downs, Robert/B-4153-2013 OI Marshall, James/0000-0002-6867-5616; Downs, Robert/0000-0002-8595-5134 FU NASA [NNG08HZ11C]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors are grateful to the members of the National Aeronautics and Space Admi nistration (NASA) Earth Science Data Systems Software Reuse Working Group who have contributed to the efforts described in this work. Support was provided for Robert Downs under NASA contract NNG08HZ11C. This e ffort was supported in part by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, managed by the California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1687 EP 1690 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653018 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801212 ER PT S AU McPherson, C Reagan, J Hostetler, C Hair, J Ferrare, R AF McPherson, Christopher Reagan, John Hostetler, Chris Hair, John Ferrare, Rich GP IEEE TI PROGRESS IN THE VALIDATION OF DUAL-WAVELENGTH AEROSOL RETRIEVAL MODELS VIA AIRBORNE HIGH SPECTRAL RESOLUTION LIDAR DATA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Aerosols; Laser radar AB The Constrained Ratio Aerosol Model-fit (CRAM) technique is a method for making aerosol retrievals from dual-wavelength elastic scatter lidars which attempts to constrain the retrievals so as to be consistent with a number of aerosol models thought to characterize a variety of aerosol types observed around the world. The NASA Langley Research Center Airborne HSRL is an airborne high spectral resolution lidar capable of direct measurements of aerosol extinction and backscatter at 532 nm and having the capability for elastic backscatter measurements at 1064 nm. Aerosol measurements by HSRL during the TEXas Air Quality Survey/Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (TEXAQS/GoMACCS) campaign are used to validate existing aerosol models critical to the application of CRAM, in particular to data from the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) lidar instrument on board the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite. C1 [McPherson, Christopher; Reagan, John] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hostetler, Chris; Hair, John; Ferrare, Rich] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP McPherson, C (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. FU NASA GSRP Fellowship [NNX07AM11H]; NASA [NNX09AJ52G] FX This work has been supported under the NASA GSRP Fellowship through grant NNX07AM11H, as well as under NASA grant NNX09AJ52G. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1714 EP 1717 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5648851 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801219 ER PT S AU Ebuchi, N Liu, WT AF Ebuchi, Naoto Liu, W. Timothy GP IEEE TI AMSR AND DFS SYNERGY SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE GCOM; AMSR; DFS; microwave radiometer; microwave scatterometer ID BOUNDARY-LAYER RESPONSE; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ADEOS-II; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; MOISTURE TRANSPORT; OCEANIC INFLUENCE; SST VARIATIONS; WIND STRESS; SEAWINDS AB The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA), and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) are now proposing to launch the second satellite of the Global Change Observation Mission-W (GCOM-W2) carrying the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-3 (AMSR-3) together with Dual Frequency Scatterometer (DFS). This paper reviews sensor and science synergy of microwave scatterometers and radiometers. C1 [Ebuchi, Naoto] Hokkaido Univ, Inst Low Temp Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. [Liu, W. Timothy] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Ebuchi, N (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Inst Low Temp Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1812 EP 1814 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649640 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801244 ER PT S AU Zhang, P Anderson, B Tan, B Barlow, M Myneni, R AF Zhang, Ping Anderson, Bruce Tan, Bin Barlow, Mathew Myneni, Ranga GP IEEE TI MONITORING CROP YIELD IN USA USING A SATELLITE-BASED CLIMATE-VARIABILITY IMPACT INDEX SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Remote Sensing; agriculture; image region analysis; modeling; GIS ID MAIZE; WATER; MODEL AB A quantitative index is applied to monitor crop growth and predict agricultural yield in continental USA. The Climate-Variability Impact Index (CVII), defined as the monthly contribution to overall anomalies in growth during a given year, is derived from 1-km MODIS Leaf Area Index. The growing-season integrated CVII can provide an estimate of the fractional change in overall growth during a given year. In turn these estimates can provide fine-scale and aggregated information on yield for various crops. Trained from historical records of crop production, a statistical model is used to produce crop yield during the growing season based upon the strong positive relationship between crop yield and the CVII. By examining the model prediction as a function of time, it is possible to determine when the in-season predictive capability plateaus and which months provide the greatest predictive capacity. C1 [Zhang, Ping; Tan, Bin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zhang, Ping; Tan, Bin] Earth Res Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Anderson, Bruce; Myneni, Ranga] Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Barlow, Mathew] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Zhang, Ping/D-7257-2012; Tan, Bin/G-1331-2012; Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1815 EP 1818 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650394 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801245 ER PT S AU Corp, LA Middleton, EM Daughtry, CST Russ, AL Campbell, PKE Huemmrich, KF Cheng, YB AF Corp, Lawrence A. Middleton, Elizabeth M. Daughtry, Craig S. T. Russ, Andrew L. Campbell, Petya K. E. Huemmrich, K. Fred Cheng, Yen-Ben GP IEEE TI FORECASTING CORN YIELD WITH IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID USE EFFICIENCY; REFLECTANCE; INDICATOR; CHEMISTRY; CANOPY; RED AB Corn is the most widely produced grain in the United States with 87 million acres planted in 2009 accounting for more than 90 percent of total value and production of feed grains. Half of United States' corn production is used in livestock feed with the remainder processed into a multitude of food and industrial products including starch, sweeteners, corn oil, beverage and industrial alcohol, and fuel ethanol. With increased focus on renewable energy, an unusual link between corn and oil commodities has been created increasing the demand for the grain in ethanol production. As a result, monitoring crop performance is vital for yield forecasting and developing timely remediation strategies to optimize crop performance. Several factors including water availability, nitrogen (N) supply, soil organic mater, disease, and supply of other nutrients, have a significant impact on crop growth and grain yields. Imaging spectroscopy can provide timely, spatially explicit information for managing agricultural ecosystems. The HyspIRI mission called for by the NRC Decadal Survey [11] identifies the need for a near term space-borne hyperspectral imaging spectrometer to globally map early signs of ecosystem change through altered physiology. The primary instrument on the proposed NASA HyspIRI mission is a hyperspectral (10 nm FWHM) mapper with a 60 m ground resolution and a 19 day global revisit, which will enable imaging spectroscopy with high temporal repeat to capture the impact of environmental perturbations on ecosystem productivity. Recent advances in airborne hyperspectral imaging systems [i.e., AVIRIS [7], AISA EAGLE & Hawk (Specim, Oulu, Finland)] along with Earth Observing One (EO-1) Hyperion satellite data have made it possible to obtain high resolution spatial and full range visible (VIS) to short wave infrared (SWIR) spectral information that can be further employed to explore vegetation productivity and change in both agricultural and surrounding ecosystems to further define algorithms and products applicable to the HyspIRI mission. From hyperspectral data, numerous statistical and spectroscopic approaches have been developed that use features in vegetation spectral curves to gain insight to biophysical parameters, including: biomass, pigments, tissue water content, and the amount of lignin, cellulose, and foliar N [1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14]. In the case of optically dense vegetation, the spectral derivative has been shown to be indicative of the abundance and activity of the absorbers in the leaves [2, 4]. Further, linear unmixing and spectral angle matching techniques take advantage of the high dimensionality of hyperspectral data and can be used alone or in conjunction with other vegetation indices for ecosystem assessment [8]. Here we will further investigate these spectroscopic techniques to enhance corn yield forecasting capabilities. C1 [Corp, Lawrence A.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Middleton, Elizabeth M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Daughtry, Craig S. T.; Russ, Andrew L.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Campbell, Petya K. E.; Huemmrich, K. Fred] UMBC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Cheng, Yen-Ben] Earth Res Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20701 USA. RP Corp, LA (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RI Campbell, Petya/G-4931-2013; Campbell, Petya/L-7486-2013 OI Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1819 EP 1822 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649267 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801246 ER PT S AU Bounoua, L Imhoff, ML Franks, S AF Bounoua, Lahouari Imhoff, Marc L. Franks, Shannon GP IEEE TI IRRIGATION REQUIREMENT ESTIMATION USING VEGETATION INDICES AND INVERSE BIOPHYSICAL MODELING SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Irrigation modeling; semi-arid regions AB We explore an inverse biophysical modeling process forced by satellite and climatological data to quantify irrigation requirements in semi-arid agricultural areas. We constrain the carbon and water cycles modeled under both equilibrium, balance between vegetation and climate, and non-equilibrium, water added through irrigation. We postulate that the degree to which irrigated dry lands vary from equilibrium climate conditions is related to the amount of irrigation. The amount of water required over and above precipitation is considered as an irrigation requirement. For July, results show that spray irrigation resulted in an additional amount of water of 1.3 mm per occurrence with a frequency of 24.6 hours. In contrast, the drip irrigation required only 0.6 mm every 45.6 hours or 46% of that simulated by the spray irrigation. The modeled estimates account for 87% of the total reported irrigation water use, when soil salinity is not important and 66% in saline lands. C1 [Bounoua, Lahouari; Imhoff, Marc L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Franks, Shannon] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Bounoua, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1823 EP 1826 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649325 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801247 ER PT S AU Allen, BD Denkins, TC Kilgore, JH Wells, JE AF Allen, B. Danette Denkins, Todd C. Kilgore, Jon H. Wells, James E. GP IEEE TI MANAGEMENT OF NASA'S EARTH VENTURE-1 (EV-1) AIRBORNE SCIENCE SELECTIONS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Project management; Reviews; Earth; Systems engineering; Remote sensing AB The Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) Program Office (PO) is responsible for programmatic management of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Science Mission Directorate's (SMD) Earth Venture (EV) missions. EV is composed of both orbital and suborbital Earth science missions. The first of the Earth Venture missions is EV-1, which are Principal Investigator-led, temporally-sustained, suborbital (airborne) science investigations cost-capped at $30M each over five years. Traditional orbital procedures, processes and standards used to manage previous ESSP missions, while effective, are disproportionally comprehensive for suborbital missions. Conversely, existing airborne practices are primarily intended for smaller, temporally shorter investigations, and traditionally managed directly by a program scientist as opposed to a program office such as ESSP. ESSP has crafted a management approach for the successful implementation of the EV-1 missions within the constructs of current governance models. NASA Research and Technology Program and Project Management Requirements form the foundation of the approach for EV-1. Additionally, requirements from other existing NASA Procedural Requirements (NPRs), systems engineering guidance and management handbooks were adapted to manage programmatic, technical, schedule, cost elements and risk. The program management approach presented here for EV-1 will set the precedent for future suborbital EV missions. C1 [Allen, B. Danette; Denkins, Todd C.; Wells, James E.] NASA, Earth Syst Sci Pathfinder ESSP, Program Off, Norfolk, VA 23681 USA. [Kilgore, Jon H.] Booz Allen Hamilton, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Allen, BD (reprint author), NASA, Earth Syst Sci Pathfinder ESSP, Program Off, Norfolk, VA 23681 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1879 EP 1882 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650883 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802006 ER PT S AU Sauber, J Hofton, M Bruhn, R Luthcke, S Blair, B AF Sauber, Jeanne Hofton, Michelle Bruhn, Ronald Luthcke, Scott Blair, Bryan GP IEEE TI DESDynI Lidar for Solid Earth Applications SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID LASER ALTIMETRY; ALASKA AB As part of the NASA's DESDynI mission, global elevation profiles from contiguous 25 m footprint Lidar measurements will be made. Here we present results of a performance simulation of a single pass of the multi-beam Lidar instrument over uplifted marine terraces in southern Alaska. The significance of the Lidar simulations is that surface topography would be captured at sufficient resolution for mapping uplifted terraces features but it will be hard to discern 1-2m topographic change over features less than tens of meters in width. Since Lidar would penetrate most vegetation, the accurate bald Earth elevation profiles will give new elevation information beyond the standard 30-m DEM. C1 [Sauber, Jeanne; Luthcke, Scott; Blair, Bryan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hofton, Michelle] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bruhn, Ronald] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Sauber, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Luthcke, Scott/D-6283-2012; Sauber, Jeanne/D-7684-2012; Blair, James/D-3881-2013 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1903 EP 1906 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652368 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802012 ER PT S AU Carabajal, CC Harding, DJ Suchdeo, VP AF Carabajal, Claudia C. Harding, David J. Suchdeo, Vijay P. GP IEEE TI ICESAT LIDAR AND GLOBAL DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS: APPLICATIONS TO DESDYNI SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE ICESat; global geodetic control; laser altimetry; DEM accuracy; elevation errors; DESDynI ID SRTM C-BAND; RELIEF AB Geodetic control is extremely important in the production and quality control of topographic data sets, enabling elevation results to be referenced to an absolute vertical datum. Global topographic data with improved geodetic accuracy achieved using global Ground Control Point (GCP) databases enable more accurate characterization of land topography and its change related to solid Earth processes, natural hazards and climate change. The multiple-beam lidar instrument that will be part of the NASA Deformation, Ecosystem Structure and Dynamics of Ice (DESDynI) mission will provide a comprehensive, global data set that can be used for geodetic control purposes. Here we illustrate that potential using data acquired by NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICEsat) that has acquired single-beam, globally distributed laser altimeter profiles (+/- 86 degrees) since February of 2003 [1, 2]. The profiles provide a consistently referenced elevation data set with unprecedented accuracy and quantified measurement errors that can be used to generate GCPs with sub-decimeter vertical accuracy and better than 10 m horizontal accuracy. Like the planned capability for DESDynI, ICESat records a waveform that is the elevation distribution of energy reflected within the laser footprint from vegetation, where present, and the ground where illuminated through gaps in any vegetation cover [3]. The waveform enables assessment of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) with respect to the highest, centroid, and lowest elevations observed by ICESat and in some cases with respect to the ground identified beneath vegetation cover. Using the ICESat altimetry data we are developing a comprehensive database of consistent, global, geodetic ground control that will enhance the quality of a variety of regional to global DEMs. Here we illustrate the accuracy assessment of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM produced for Australia, documenting spatially varying elevation biases of several meters in magnitude. C1 [Carabajal, Claudia C.; Suchdeo, Vijay P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sigma Space Corp, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Code 698, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Harding, David J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Carabajal, CC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sigma Space Corp, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Code 698, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Harding, David/F-5913-2012 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1907 EP 1910 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650201 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802013 ER PT S AU Heggy, E Sedze, M Bretar, F Jacquemoud, S Rosen, PA Wada, K Staudacher, T AF Heggy, Essam Sedze, Melanie Bretar, Frederic Jacquemoud, Stephane Rosen, Paul A. Wada, Kozin Staudacher, Thomas GP IEEE TI COUPLING POLARIMETRIC L-BAND INSAR AND AIRBORNE LIDAR TO CHARACTERIZE THE GEOMORPHOLOGICAL DEFORMATIONS IN THE PITON DE LA FOURNAISE VOLCANO SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID LASER; VEGETATION; RADAR; AREAS C1 [Heggy, Essam; Rosen, Paul A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wada, Kozin] Geograph Survey Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Sedze, Melanie; Jacquemoud, Stephane; Staudacher, Thomas] Inst Phys Globe Paris, Paris, France. [Sedze, Melanie; Bretar, Frederic] Inst Geog Natl, Saint Mande, France. RP Heggy, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1911 EP 1913 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649245 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802014 ER PT J AU Franklin, AG Coronado, PL AF Franklin, Amelia G. Coronado, Patrick L. GP IEEE TI PROSPECTS OF NEW REAL-TIME RADAR APPLICATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB Remote sensing used to assess geophysical parameters on Earth is increasingly exploited and necessary for sustainable human life on Earth. A goal of using satellites to monitor changes and characteristics of Earth's surfaces is to further understanding of the planet and its systems, as well as understanding of how humans interact with and change the environment. Mostly underexploited, biomass detection via active radar remote sensing could provide a more thorough and in depth analysis of Earth. Upcoming NASA Earth monitoring satellites cover a wide range of science products and applications, but little influence is put on the possibility of harnessing data from biomass reaction to radar pulse. In addition to the benefit of radar remote sensing in observing large areas at once, an added ability of transmitting detected frequencies in near-real-time has potential to provide countless advantages. Direct Broadcast increases possibilities and practical uses for collected data. C1 [Franklin, Amelia G.; Coronado, Patrick L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Direct Readout Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Franklin, AG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Direct Readout Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1914 EP 1917 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5648803 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802015 ER PT S AU Studinger, M Koenig, L Martin, S Sonntag, J AF Studinger, Michael Koenig, Lora Martin, Seelye Sonntag, John GP IEEE TI OPERATION ICEBRIDGE: USING INSTRUMENTED AIRCRAFT TO BRIDGE THE OBSERVATIONAL GAP BETWEEN ICESAT AND ICESAT-2 SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Aircraft instrumentation; Arctic regions; Remote sensing; Laser; Radar AB Operation IceBridge, a six-year NASA mission, is the largest airborne survey of Earth's polar ice ever flown. Data collected during IceBridge will help scientists bridge the gap in polar observations between NASA's Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), in orbit from 2003 to 2009, and ICESat-2, planned for launch in late 2015, making IceBridge critical for ensuring a continuous series of observations. Operation IceBridge is using airborne instruments to map Arctic and Antarctic areas once a year, building on two decades of repeat airborne measurements of rapidly changing areas in the Arctic. Operation IceBridge is also producing critical data that cannot be measured from space such as ice thickness measurements. The first Operation IceBridge flights were conducted in boreal spring 2009 over Greenland and the boreal fall 2009 over Antarctica. Other smaller airborne surveys around the world are also part of NASA's Operation IceBridge campaign. C1 [Studinger, Michael] UMBC, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Koenig, Lora] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Martin, Seelye] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sonntag, John] NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA USA. RP Studinger, M (reprint author), UMBC, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 15 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1918 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650555 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802016 ER PT S AU Zhang, P Imhoff, ML Wolfe, RE Bounoua, L AF Zhang, Ping Imhoff, Marc L. Wolfe, Robert E. Bounoua, Lahouari GP IEEE TI URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT ACROSS BIOMES IN THE CONTINENTAL USA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Remote Sensing; urban areas; image region analysis; temperature measurement; GIS ID TROPICAL CITY; MODIS AB Impervious surface area (ISA) from National Land Cover Database 2001 and land surface temperature (LST) from MODIS averaged over three annual cycles (2003-2005) are used in a spatial analysis to assess the urban heat island (UHI) signature on LST amplitude and its relationship to development intensity, size, and ecological setting for 323 urban settlements over continental USA. Development intensity zones based on fractional ISA are defined for each urban area emanating outward from the urban core to the nearby non-urban rural areas and used to stratify sampling for LST. We find that the ecological context and settlement size significantly influence the amplitude of summer daytime UHI. In desert environments, the LST's response to ISA presents an uncharacteristic "U-shaped" horizontal gradient and points to a possible heat sink effect. For all cities combined, ISA is the primary driver for increase in temperature explaining 72% of the total variance in LST. C1 [Zhang, Ping; Imhoff, Marc L.; Wolfe, Robert E.; Bounoua, Lahouari] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Zhang, Ping/D-7257-2012; Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012 OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1920 EP 1923 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653907 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802017 ER PT J AU Tan, B Wolfe, R Masek, J Gao, F Vermote, EF AF Tan, Bin Wolfe, Robert Masek, Jeffrey Gao, Feng Vermote, Eric F. GP IEEE TI AN ILLUMINATION CORRECTION ALGORITHM ON LANDSAT-TM DATA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Landsat; illumination correction; change detection; LEDAPS ID AMERICAN FOREST DISTURBANCE; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; RECORD AB In this paper, a new illumination correction model, the rotation model, is introduced. The model is based on the empirical correlation between reflectance and the illumination condition (IL). The model eliminates the dependency of reflectance on IL through rotating the data in IL-reflectance space. This model is compared with widely used cosine model and C model over a sample forest region. We found that the newly developed rotation model consistently performs best on both atmospheric uncorrected and corrected Landsat images. C1 [Tan, Bin; Wolfe, Robert; Masek, Jeffrey; Gao, Feng; Vermote, Eric F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tan, B (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM bin.tan@nasa.gov RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012; Tan, Bin/G-1331-2012; Vermote, Eric/K-3733-2012 OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855; NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1964 EP 1967 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653492 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802028 ER PT J AU Ramapriyan, HK Rochon, GL Duerr, R Rank, R Nativi, S Stocker, EF AF Ramapriyan, Hampapuram K. Rochon, Gilbert L. Duerr, Ruth Rank, Robert Nativi, Stefano Stocker, Erich Franz GP IEEE TI ADVANCES IN SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE, ACQUISITION, ANALYSIS, ARCHIVING & DISSEMINATION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Digital Data Archives; Geoinformatics; Data Distribution; Data Access AB The authors review recent contributions to the state-of-the-science and benign proliferation of satellite remote sensing, spatial data infrastructure, near-real-time data acquisition, analysis on high performance computing platforms, sapient archiving, multi-modal dissemination and utilization for a wide array of scientific applications. The authors also address advances in Geoinformatics and its growing ubiquity, as evidenced by its inclusion as a focus area within the American Geophysical Union (AGU), European Geosciences Union (EGU), as well as by the evolution of the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society's (GRSS) Data Archiving and Distribution Technical Committee (DAD TC). C1 [Ramapriyan, Hampapuram K.; Stocker, Erich Franz] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Ramapriyan, HK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RI Nativi, Stefano/E-7180-2016; OI Nativi, Stefano/0000-0003-3185-8539; Duerr, Ruth/0000-0003-4808-4736 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1980 EP 1983 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653074 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802032 ER PT J AU Bradley, D Brambora, C Wong, ME Miles, L Durachka, D Farmer, B Mohammed, P Piepmier, J Medeiros, J Martin, N Garcia, R AF Bradley, Damon Brambora, Cliff Wong, Mark Englin Miles, Lynn Durachka, David Farmer, Brian Mohammed, Priscilla Piepmier, Jeff Medeiros, Jim Martin, Neil Garcia, Rafael GP IEEE TI RADIO-FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE (RFI) MITIGATION FOR THE SOIL MOISTURE ACTIVE/PASSIVE (SMAP) RADIOMETER SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE SMAP; Soil Moisture Active Passive; Digital Radiometer; Filterbank; Kurtosis AB The presence of anthropogenic RFI is expected to adversely impact soil moisture measurement by NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive mission. The digital signal processing approach and preliminary design for detecting and mitigating this RFI is presented in this paper. This approach is largely based upon the work of Johnson [1] and Ruf [2]. C1 [Bradley, Damon; Brambora, Cliff; Wong, Mark Englin; Miles, Lynn; Durachka, David; Farmer, Brian; Mohammed, Priscilla; Piepmier, Jeff; Medeiros, Jim; Martin, Neil; Garcia, Rafael] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bradley, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2015 EP 2018 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652482 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802041 ER PT S AU Kurum, M O'Neill, PE Lang, RH Joseph, AT Cosh, MH Jackson, TJ AF Kurum, Mehmet O'Neill, Peggy E. Lang, Roger H. Joseph, Alicia T. Cosh, Michael H. Jackson, Thomas J. GP IEEE TI CHRACTERIZATION OF FOREST OPACITY USING MULTI-ANGULAR EMSSION AND BACKSCATTER DATA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Microwave; radar; radiometer; forest; attenuation ID L-MEB MODEL; MICROWAVE EMISSION; CALIBRATION; FIELDS AB This paper discusses the results from a series of field experiments using ground-based L-band microwave active/passive sensors. Three independent approaches are applied to the microwave data to determine vegetation opacity of coniferous trees. First, a zero-order radiative transfer model is fitted to multi-angular microwave emissivity data in a least-square sense to provide "effective" vegetation optical depth. Second, a ratio between radar backscatter measurements with a corner reflector under trees and in an open area is calculated to obtain "measured" tree propagation characteristics. Finally, the "theoretical" propagation constant is determined by forward scattering theorem using detailed measurements of size/angle distributions and dielectric constants of the tree constituents (trunk, branches, and needles). The results indicate that "effective" values underestimate attenuation values compared to both "theoretical" and "measured" values. C1 [Kurum, Mehmet; O'Neill, Peggy E.; Joseph, Alicia T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Code 614-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lang, Roger H.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Cosh, Michael H.; Jackson, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kurum, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Code 614-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Mehmet.Kurum@nasa.gov RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013; Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2051 EP 2054 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653069 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802050 ER PT S AU Wang, YQ Nemani, R Dieffenbach, F Stolte, K Holcomb, G Robinson, M Reese, CC McNiff, M Duhaime, R Tierney, G Mitchell, B August, P Paton, P LaBash, C AF Wang, Yeqiao Nemani, Ramakrishna Dieffenbach, Fred Stolte, Kenneth Holcomb, Glenn Robinson, Matt Reese, C. Casey McNiff, Marcia Duhaime, Roland Tierney, Geri Mitchell, Brian August, Peter Paton, Peter LaBash, Charles GP IEEE TI DEVELOPMENT OF A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR MONITORING, REPORTING AND FORECASTING ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE APPALACHIAN TRAIL SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Appalachian Trail; Data Integration; Visualization; TOPS ID HABITAT SUITABILITY AB This paper introduces a collaborative multi-agency effort to develop an Appalachian Trail (A. T.) MEGA-Transect Decision Support System (DSS) for monitoring, reporting and forecasting ecological conditions of the A. T. and the surrounding lands. The project is to improve decision-making on management of the A. T. by providing a coherent framework for data integration, status reporting and trend analysis. The A. T. MEGA-Transect DSS is to integrate NASA multi-platform sensor data and modeling through the Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS) and in situ measurements from A. T. MEGA-Transect partners to address identified natural resource priorities and improve resource management decisions. C1 [Wang, Yeqiao; Duhaime, Roland; August, Peter; Paton, Peter; LaBash, Charles] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Nemani, Ramakrishna] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Dieffenbach, Fred; Mitchell, Brian] NPS Appalachian Natl Scen Trail, Northeast Temperate Network, Woodstock, VT 05091 USA. [Stolte, Kenneth] USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stat, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Holcomb, Glenn] US Geol Survey, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Robinson, Matt] Appalachian Trail Conservancy, Harpers Ferry, WV 25425 USA. [Reese, C. Casey] Appalachian Natl Scen Trail, Natl Park Serv, Harpers Ferry, WV 25425 USA. [McNiff, Marcia] USGS, Natl Biol Informat Infrastruct, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Tierney, Geri] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Wang, YQ (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM yqwang@uri.edu FU NASA [NNX09AV82G]; NASA/Rhode Island Space Grant Consortium [NNG05GG71H, 00000258] FX The primary funding for this study was provided by NASA (Grant NNX09AV82G). NASA/Rhode Island Space Grant Consortium partially sponsored field data collection in the Northeastern segments (Grant NNG05GG71H sub-award 00000258) NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2095 EP 2098 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651835 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802061 ER PT S AU Li, L Ustin, SL Riano, D Cheng, YB AF Li, Lin Ustin, Susan L. Riano, David Cheng, Yen-Ben GP IEEE TI ESTIMATION OF VEGETATION WATER CONTENT THROUGH GA- PLS MODELING OF MODIS REFLECTANCE DATA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Equivalent water thickness (EWT); AVIRIS; MODIS; GA-PLS; SMEX'04 ID GENETIC ALGORITHMS; MOISTURE-CONTENT; SELECTION; RETRIEVAL; REGRESSION; INDEXES AB This work was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of genetic algorithms (GA) - partial least square (PLS) regression in estimation of canopy equivalent water thickness (EWT) from MODIS image data of the SMEX'04 site. Calibration of MODIS spectral variables (single bands, band ratios and curvatures) against the AVIRIS-derived EWT at a degraded resolution resulted in a high correlation (R-2=0.77) and an equivalent well correlation was obtained for validation on the MODIS pixels not used in the calibration. The spectral variables used in the GA-PLS model include MODIS band 2 (841-875 nm), band 5 (1230-1250 nm), and band curvatures at MODIS band 4 (545-565 nm), band 1 (620-670 nm) and band 2. A caveat for applying these spectral variables to estimate EWT in other areas is that their applicability may depend on local environmental conditions. C1 [Li, Lin] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Ustin, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cheng, Yen-Ben] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Annapolis, MD 20701 USA. [Riano, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM ll3@iupui.edu RI Riano, David/C-9663-2013 OI Riano, David/0000-0002-0198-1424 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2115 EP 2118 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802066 ER PT J AU Cheng, YB Middleton, EM Zhang, QY Ungar, S Campbell, PKE AF Cheng, Yen-Ben Middleton, Elizabeth M. Zhang, Qingyuan Ungar, Stephen Campbell, Petya K. E. GP IEEE TI APPLICATIONS USING EO-1 HYPERION AT-SENSOR AND SURFACE REFLECTANCE: COMPARISONS AND CASE STUDIES SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Satellite applications; agriculture; ecology; vegetation ID WATER-CONTENT; SPECTROMETER AB The NASA EO-1 Hyperion observations were utilized to derive at-sensor Top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and ATREM-corrected surface reflectance over three study sites of different land use types. Direct comparisons between TOA and ATREM reflectance showed the most disagreement in the visible spectral region and regions that were affected by water absorption features. Nevertheless, as little as 3% overall differences were found for an arid dessert scene. Furthermore, example applications using Hyperion at-sensor TOA reflectance were investigated. Selected band ratio vegetation indices calculated from both TOA and surface reflectance were correlated (r similar to 0.6 to 0.94) but differed in magnitude. For instance, NDVI calculated from at-sensor TOA reflectance consistently showed lower values. A potential quick-look product using these indices to model relative vegetation stress was demonstrated in this study. C1 [Cheng, Yen-Ben; Middleton, Elizabeth M.; Zhang, Qingyuan; Ungar, Stephen; Campbell, Petya K. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cheng, YB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Yen-Ben.Cheng@nasa.gov RI Campbell, Petya/G-4931-2013; Campbell, Petya/L-7486-2013 OI Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2248 EP 2251 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650409 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802100 ER PT S AU Piscini, A Amici, S Pieri, D AF Piscini, Alessandro Amici, Stefania Pieri, David GP IEEE TI SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF ASTER AND HYPERION DATA FOR GEOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF VOLCANO TEIDE SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Teide; classification; hyperspectral sensors; ASTER; Hyperion; reflectance spectra ID CANARY-ISLANDS; TENERIFE AB This work is an evaluation, to which degree geological information can be obtained from modern remote sensing systems like the multispectral ASTER or the hyperspectral Hyperion sensor for a volcanic region like Teide Volcano ( Tenerife, Canary Islands). To account for the enhanced information content these sensors provide, hyperspectral analysis methods, incorporating for example Minimum Noise Fraction-Transformation (MNF) for data quality assessment and noise reduction as well as Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for supervised classification, were applied. Ground Truth reflectance data were obtained with a FieldSpec Pro measurements campaign conducted during later summer of 2007 in the frame of the EC project PREVIEW (http://www.preview-risk.com/). C1 [Piscini, Alessandro; Amici, Stefania] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Rome, Italy. [Pieri, David] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Piscini, A (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Rome, Italy. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2267 EP 2270 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652063 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802105 ER PT S AU Thome, K Barnes, R Baize, R O'Connell, J Hair, J AF Thome, Kurtis Barnes, Robert Baize, Rosemary O'Connell, Joseph Hair, Jason GP IEEE TI CALIBRATION OF THE REFLECTED SOLAR INSTRUMENT FOR THE CLIMATE ABSOLUTE RADIANCE AND REFRACTIVITY OBSERVATORY SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Global climate change; CLARREO; SI-traceability; radiometric calibration AB The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) plans to observe climate change trends over decadal time scales to determine the accuracy of climate projections. The project relies on spaceborne earth observations of SI-traceable variables sensitive to key decadal change parameters. The mission includes a reflected solar instrument retrieving at-sensor reflectance over the 320 to 2300 nm spectral range with 500-m spatial resolution and 100-km swath. Reflectance is obtained from the ratio of measurements of the earth's surface to those while viewing the sun relying on a calibration approach that retrieves reflectance with uncertainties less than 0.3%. The calibration is predicated on heritage hardware, reduction of sensor complexity, adherence to detector-based calibration standards, and an ability to simulate in the laboratory on-orbit sources in both size and brightness to provide the basis of a transfer to orbit of the laboratory calibration including a link to absolute solar irradiance measurements. C1 [Thome, Kurtis; Hair, Jason] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Barnes, Robert] Sci Appl Intl Corp, Tysons Corner, VA USA. [Baize, Rosemary; O'Connell, Joseph] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Thome, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2275 EP 2278 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651486 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802107 ER PT S AU Markham, BL Dabney, PW Murphy-Morris, JE Pedelty, JA Knight, EJ Kvaran, G Barsi, JA AF Markham, Brian L. Dabney, Philip W. Murphy-Morris, Jeanine E. Pedelty, Jeffrey A. Knight, Edward J. Kvaran, Geir Barsi, Julia A. GP IEEE TI THE LANDSAT DATA CONTINUITY MISSION OPERATIONAL LAND IMAGER (OLI) RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Image Sensors; Calibration; Radiometry AB The Operational Land Imager (OLI) on the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) has a comprehensive radiometric characterization and calibration program beginning with the instrument design, and extending through integration and test, on-orbit operations and science data processing. Key instrument design features for radiometric calibration include dual solar diffusers and multi-lamped on-board calibrators. The radiometric calibration transfer procedure from NIST standards has multiple checks on the radiometric scale throughout the process and uses a heliostat as part of the transfer to orbit of the radiometric calibration. On-orbit lunar imaging will be used to track the instruments stability and side slither maneuvers will be used in addition to the solar diffuser to flat field across the thousands of detectors per band. A Calibration Validation Team is continuously involved in the process from design to operations. This team uses an Image Assessment System (IAS), part of the ground system to characterize and calibrate the on-orbit data. C1 [Markham, Brian L.; Dabney, Philip W.; Murphy-Morris, Jeanine E.; Pedelty, Jeffrey A.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Knight, Edward J.; Kvaran, Geir] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Barsi, Julia A.] GSFC, Sci Syst Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Markham, BL (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM brian.l.markham@nasa.gov; philip.w.dabney@nasa.gov; jeanine.e.murphy-morris@nasa.gov; jeffrey.a.pedelty@nasa.gov; eknight@ball.com; gkvaran@ball.com; julia.a.barsi@nasa.gov RI Dabney, Philip/C-9976-2013; Markham, Brian/M-4842-2013 OI Markham, Brian/0000-0002-9612-8169 NR 3 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2283 EP 2286 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652789 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802109 ER PT S AU Barsi, JA Markham, BL Schott, JR Hook, SJ Raqueno, NG AF Barsi, Julia A. Markham, Brian L. Schott, John R. Hook, Simon J. Raqueno, Nina G. GP IEEE TI TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF LANDSAT THERMAL BAND CALIBRATION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Landsat; Calibration; LWIR; Thermal; ETM; TM AB Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+), launched in April 1999, and Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM), launched in 1984, both have a single thermal band. Both instruments' thermal band calibrations have been updated previously: ETM+ in 2001 for a pre-launch calibration error and TM in 2007 for data acquired since the current era of vicarious calibration has been in place (1999). Vicarious calibration teams at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) and NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) have been working to validate the instrument calibration since 1999. Recent developments in their techniques and sites have expanded the temperature and temporal range of the validation. The new data indicate that the calibration of both instruments had errors: the ETM+ calibration contained a gain error of 5.8% since launch; the TM calibration contained a gain error of 5% and an additional offset error between 1997 and 1999. Both instruments required adjustments in their thermal calibration coefficients in order to correct for the errors. The new coefficients were calculated and added to the Landsat operational processing system in early 2010. With the corrections, both instruments are calibrated to within +/- 0.7K. C1 [Barsi, Julia A.] NASA, SSAI, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Markham, Brian L.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schott, John R.; Raqueno, Nina G.] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Hook, Simon J.] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Barsi, JA (reprint author), NASA, SSAI, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Markham, Brian/M-4842-2013 OI Markham, Brian/0000-0002-9612-8169 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2287 EP 2290 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652528 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802110 ER PT S AU Xiong, XX Wenny, B Chang, TJ Sun, JQ Chen, HD Wu, AS Barnes, W Salomonson, V AF Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack) Wenny, Brian Chang, Tiejun Sun, Junqiang Chen, Hongda Wu, Aisheng Barnes, William Salomonson, Vince GP IEEE TI Status of Terra and Aqua MODIS Instruments SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE MODIS; Terra; Aqua; Calibration AB Since launch, Terra and Aqua MODIS have successfully operated for more than 10 years and 8 years, respectively. Data products derived from MODIS observations have been widely distributed to the science and user community, enabling a broad range of applications. MODIS collects data in 36 spectral bands, covering wavelengths from visible (VIS) to long-wave infrared (LWIR). They are calibrated on-orbit by a set of on-board calibrators (OBC). This paper provides an overview of instrument operation, calibration, and performance, including lessons learned. Though having exceeded their design lifetime of 6 years, both Terra and Aqua MODIS continue to perform well, collect useful data, and support Earth remote sensing applications. C1 [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Code 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wenny, Brian; Sun, Junqiang; Chen, Hongda; Wu, Aisheng] Sigma Space Co, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Barnes, William] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Salomonson, Vince] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Xiong, XX (reprint author), NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Code 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2299 EP 2302 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653866 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802113 ER PT S AU Mahrooghy, M Anantharaj, VG Younan, NH Petersen, WA Turk, FJ Aanstoos, J AF Mahrooghy, Majid Anantharaj, Valentine G. Younan, Nicolas H. Petersen, Walter A. Turk, F. Joseph Aanstoos, James GP IEEE TI INFRARED SATELLITE PRECIPITATION ESTIMATE USING WAVELET-BASED CLOUD CLASSIFICATION AND RADAR CALIBRATION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE wavelet transforms; neural networks; clustering methods; curve fitting ID RAINFALL ESTIMATION; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; NETWORK AB We have developed a methodology to enhance an infrared-based high resolution rainfall retrieval algorithm by intelligently calibrating the rainfall estimates using space-based observations. Our approach involves the following four steps: 1) segmentation of infrared cloud images into patches; 2) feature extraction using a wavelet-based method; 3) clustering and classification of cloud patches; and 4) dynamic application of brightness temperature (Tb) and rain rate relationships, derived using satellite observations. The results show that using wavelet features along with other features increase the performance of rainfall estimate in terms of quantitative rain/no rain area estimates. In addition, using lightning data as a feature improves the estimates as well. C1 [Mahrooghy, Majid; Younan, Nicolas H.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Mahrooghy, Majid; Anantharaj, Valentine G.; Younan, Nicolas H.; Aanstoos, James] Mississippi State Univ, Geosyst Res Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Petersen, Walter A.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Turk, F. Joseph] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Mahrooghy, M (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2345 EP 2348 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649049 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802125 ER PT S AU Qiu, YB Guo, HD Shi, JC Kang, SC Wang, JR Lemmetyinen, J Jiang, LM AF Qiu, Yubao Guo, Huadong Shi, Jiancheng Kang, Shichang Wang, James R. Lemmetyinen, Juha Jiang, Lingmei GP IEEE TI ANALYSIS BETWEEN AMSR-E SWATH BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE AND GROUND SNOW DEPTH DATA IN WINTER TIME OVER TIBET PLATEAU, CHINA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Snow depth; High frequency; AMSR-E; Tibet Plateau AB Snow extent and snow depth (SD) are critical parameters in metro-hydrological models and are sensitive to the global climate change. Over the western China, due to the influence from shallow snow, changing seasonal permafrost and the sparse observation stations, the passive microwave remote sensing algorithm show its applicability when using the gradient brightness temperature (Tb) algorithm of 36.5Ghz-18.7Ghz. In this work, we employ one whole-winter Tb extracted from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) L2A swath dataset and the ground measurements of snow depth (SD) to analyse the snow microwave emission and gradient algorithm ability. The time series analysis shows that the Tb differences (36.5-18.7) and (36.5-10.7) are sensitive to relatively deep snow (> 20cm), while the Tb differences (89.0-18.7) are sensitive to the occurrence of the new snow, with a promising correlation with shallow snow (< 15cm) and quickly decreasing (melting) snow depth, which suggest that a high frequency Tb difference could potentially be a good snow monitoring signal for the shallow snow cover over western China. C1 [Qiu, Yubao; Guo, Huadong] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Shi, Jiancheng] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kang, Shichang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Wang, James R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lemmetyinen, Juha] Arctic Res Ctr, Finnish Meteorolog Inst, FL-99600 Sodankyla, Finland. [Jiang, Lingmei] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Qiu, YB (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM ybqiu@ceode.ac.cn FU Chinese "973" Program "Earth Observation for Sensitive Factors of Global Change: Mechanism and Methodologies [2009CB723906]; Director Foundation of Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences; "Open Foundation" of Institute of Plateau Meteorology FX This work is now supported by the Chinese "973" Program Earth Observation for Sensitive Factors of Global Change: Mechanism and Methodologies (NO. 2009CB723906), the Director Foundation of Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the "Open Foundation" of Institute of Plateau Meteorology. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2367 EP 2370 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650628 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802131 ER PT S AU Tilton, JC Hall, DK Riggs, GA AF Tilton, James C. Hall, Dorothy K. Riggs, George A. GP IEEE TI Creation of ersatz ground reference data for validating the MODIS snow and ice product suit SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE MODIS snow product; image registration; and image segmentation AB We have developed a photo-interpretive tool for editing the MODIS snow cover data products to produce an ersatz (i.e., substitute) ground reference for use in evaluating approaches for improving product accuracy. This tool enables an analyst to compare visualizations of Landsat scenes with registered sub-sections of MODIS scenes and edit the product as indicated. We provide an example of the use of this tool for a MODIS scene in which cloud mask errors are corrected and where the cloud mask is removed where snow or land is clearly seen through thin clouds. The resulting revision increased the snow coverage area from 10.9% to 16.0%, and decreased the cloud coverage from 37.9% to 27.9%. However, when the original cloud mask is applied to the revised snow map, the revised map agrees to 99.64% with the original snow map, indicating very little change in snow labeling outside changes in the cloud mask. C1 [Tilton, James C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 606-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hall, Dorothy K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Riggs, George A.] Sci Syst & Appl Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Tilton, JC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 606-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Hall, Dorothy/D-5562-2012 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2371 EP 2374 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650287 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802132 ER PT S AU Steele, C Rango, A Hall, D Bleiweiss, M AF Steele, Caiti Rango, Al Hall, Dorothy Bleiweiss, Max GP IEEE TI SENSITIVITY OF THE SNOWMELT RUNOFF MODEL TO UNDERESTIMATES OF REMOTELY SENSED SNOW COVERED AREA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE snow covered area; snowmelt runoff model; Terra MODIS AB Three methods for estimating snow covered area (SCA) from Terra MODIS data were used to derive conventional depletion curves for input to the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM). We compared the MOD10 binary and fractional snow cover products and a method for estimating sub-pixel snow cover using spectral mixture analysis (SMA). All three methods underestimated SCA and this contributed to underestimates in runoff modeled by SRM. The closest relationship between measured and computed runoff was achieved when SRM was run with conventional depletion curves derived from the MODIS fractional snow cover product (R-2 = 0.91). Although the MODIS fractional snow cover product and SMA did not perform as well as the binary snow over product (R-2 = 0.70 and R-2 = 0.72 respectively) we anticipate that either of these methods may be reworked to better account for forest cover in our study area and so improve SCA estimates. C1 [Steele, Caiti; Bleiweiss, Max] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Rango, Al] USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Beltsville, MD USA. [Hall, Dorothy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Steele, C (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI Hall, Dorothy/D-5562-2012 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2382 EP 2385 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653240 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802135 ER PT S AU Huang, HG Liu, QH Qin, WH AF Huang, Huaguo Liu, Qinhuo Qin, Wenhan GP IEEE TI A TWO-LEVEL ALGORITHM FOR GLOBAL RADIATION TRANSFER OF LARGE 3D VEGETATION CANOPIES AT PIXEL SCALE SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE radiosity; large scale; pixel scale; HRAD; global radiation transfer ID FOREST CANOPY; MODEL AB A two-level radiosity algorithm was developed here for the computation of global radiation transfer at complex land cover called HRAD, which rapidly simulates the surface leaving radiances in three dimensional (3D) landscapes. The algorithm is an integration of a ray casting module and an adapted hierarchical radiosity method with heterogeneous volume clusters. The time cost of our algorithm was nearly linear to the polygon number. The algorithm was first validated by comparing the simulated radiances with that of Radiosity-Graphics combined Model (RGM) at small scenes. The single scattering results were highly correlated with that of RGM (R-2 > 0.99 and RMSE < 0.005). The multiple scattering results were also perfect for visible bands (R-2 > 0.99 and RMSE < 0.01), and acceptable for NIR (R-2 > 0.98 and RMSE=0.015). By using the Gauss scene in RAMI-III website, we also validated our algorithm. C1 [Huang, Huaguo] Beijing Forestry Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Silviculture & Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Liu, Qinhuo; Qin, Wenhan] Beijing Normal Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Qin, Wenhan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Huang, HG (reprint author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Silviculture & Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2440 EP 2443 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649776 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802150 ER PT J AU Hua, H Fetzer, E Lewis, S Henderson, M Guillaume, A Lee, S Juarez, MD Dang, V Braverman, A AF Hua, Hook Fetzer, Eric Lewis, Steven Henderson, Mathew Guillaume, Alexandre Lee, Seungwon Juarez, Manuel de la Torre Dang, Van Braverman, Amy GP IEEE TI CUSTOM ON-DEMAND AND DATA ACCESS SERVICES FOR NEWS MERGED A-TRAIN DATA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Information systems; Meteorology; Pattern clustering methods; Data processing; Data management AB To simplify access to large and complex satellite data sets for climate analysis and model verification, we developed a web service tool that is used to study long-term and global-scale trends in climate, water and energy cycle, and weather variability. A related NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study (NEWS) task has created a merged NEWS Level 2 data from multiple instruments in NASA's A-Train constellation of satellites. We used this data to enable creation of climatologies that include correlation between observed temperature, water vapor and cloud properties from the A-Train sensors. Instead of imposing on the user an often rigid and limiting web-based analysis environment, we recognize the need for simple and well-designed distributed services so that users can perform analysis in their own familiar computing environments. A Federated OpenSearch capability with full text + space + time search of data products also facilitated interoperability with other data systems. C1 [Hua, Hook; Fetzer, Eric; Lewis, Steven; Henderson, Mathew; Guillaume, Alexandre; Lee, Seungwon; Juarez, Manuel de la Torre; Dang, Van; Braverman, Amy] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hua, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2456 EP 2459 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649000 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802154 ER PT S AU Nelson, R Stahl, G Holm, S Gregoire, T Naesset, E Gobakken, T AF Nelson, R. Stahl, G. Holm, S. Gregoire, T. Naesset, E. Gobakken, T. GP IEEE TI USING AIRBORNE & SPACE LiDARS FOR LARGE-AREA INVENTORY SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID QUEBEC C1 [Nelson, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stahl, G.; Holm, S.; Gregoire, T.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resource Management, Umea, Sweden. [Naesset, E.; Gobakken, T.] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Res Mgmt, As, Norway. RP Nelson, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2463 EP 2466 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5648936 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802156 ER PT S AU Alsweiss, S Laupattarakasem, P El-Nimri, S Jones, WL Hristova-Veleva, S AF Alsweiss, Suleiman Laupattarakasem, Peth El-Nimri, Salem Jones, W. Linwood Hristova-Veleva, Svetla GP IEEE TI IMPROVED HURRICANE ACTIVE/PASSIVE SIMULATED WIND VECTOR RETRIEVALS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE DFS; tropical cyclone; ocean vector wind; artificial neural network; AMSR AB Microwave scatterometers are the standard for satellite ocean vector winds (OVW) measurements, and they provide the major source of global ocean surface winds observations for scientific and operational applications. A major challenge for Ku-band scatterometry missions is to provide reliable retrievals in the presence of precipitation, particularly in extreme ocean wind events that are usually associated with intense rain. This paper explores the advantages of combining dual frequency (C-and Ku-band) scatterometer measurements and passive microwave observations to improve high wind speed retrievals. For this study, a conceptual design proposed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for a Dual Frequency Scatterometer (DFS) to fly onboard the future Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) GCOM-W2 mission with the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) was adopted. A computer simulation that combines the DFS and AMSR measurements was used to develop an artificial neural network OVW retrieval algorithm. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) numerical weather model of Hurricane Katrina (2005) was used as the nature run (surface truth), and simulated OVW retrievals demonstrate that this new technique offers a robust option to extend the useful wind speed measurements range beyond the current operating scatterometers for future satellite missions. C1 [Alsweiss, Suleiman; Laupattarakasem, Peth; El-Nimri, Salem; Jones, W. Linwood] Univ Cent Florida, Cent Florida Remote Sensing Lab, Dept Elec Engring & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Hristova-Veleva, Svetla] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Alsweiss, S (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Cent Florida Remote Sensing Lab, Dept Elec Engring & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM suleimanalsweiss@gmail.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2535 EP 2538 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652385 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802175 ER PT S AU Carswell, JR Perkovic, D Chu, T Frasier, SJ Chang, P Jelenak, Z AF Carswell, James R. Perkovic, Dragana Chu, Tao Frasier, Stephen J. Chang, Paul Jelenak, Zorana GP IEEE TI PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF SPLASH EFFECT ON HIGH WIND C-BAND HH-POL MODEL FUNCTION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Airborne scatterometer; C-band GMF; splash AB The National Research Council Decadal Survey [1] identified the need for a future mission to provide accurate real-time observations of ocean wind vectors from calm to tropical cyclone wind conditions with or without the presence of rain. Tasked by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) developed a future scatterometer design that would leverage its success on the heritage of QuikSCAT but would provide more accurate measurements under all weather conditions through the use of Ku- and C-band coincident measurements of the ocean surface. To design a cost effective instrument for all weather operations from space the existing risks need to be mitigated. The work described in this paper attempts to validate results reported at hurricane strength winds in [2] and investigate the effects of splash caused by precipitation on the scatterometer wind estimation. C1 [Carswell, James R.] Remote Sensing Solut, Barnstable, MA 02630 USA. [Perkovic, Dragana] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Radar Sci & Engn Dept, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Chu, Tao; Frasier, Stephen J.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Chang, Paul; Jelenak, Zorana] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR UCAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Carswell, JR (reprint author), Remote Sensing Solut, Barnstable, MA 02630 USA. RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Frasier, Stephen/H-1536-2015 OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Frasier, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-2889 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2539 EP 2542 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651890 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802176 ER PT S AU Moran, MS O'Neill, PE Entekhabi, D Njoku, EG Kellogg, KH AF Moran, M. Susan O'Neill, Peggy E. Entekhabi, Dara Njoku, Eni G. Kellogg, Kent H. GP IEEE TI FOSTERING APPLICATIONS OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE NASA SOIL MOISTURE ACTIVE PASSIVE (SMAP) MISSION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Soil moisture; freeze/thaw; applied science; Earth land surface AB The NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Mission will provide global observations of soil moisture and freeze/thaw state from space. We outline how priority applications contributed to the SMAP mission measurement requirements and how the SMAP mission plans to foster applications and applied science. C1 [Moran, M. Susan] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [O'Neill, Peggy E.; Njoku, Eni G.; Kellogg, Kent H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Entekhabi, Dara] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Njoku, Eni G.; Kellogg, Kent H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Moran, MS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM susan.moran@ars.usda.gov RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2571 EP 2574 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652647 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802184 ER PT S AU Allen, BD Braun, SA Crawford, JH Jensen, EJ Miller, CE Moghaddam, M Maring, H AF Allen, B. Danette Braun, Scott A. Crawford, James H. Jensen, Eric J. Miller, Charles E. Moghaddam, Mahta Maring, Hal GP IEEE TI PROPOSED INVESTIGATIONS FROM NASA'S EARTH VENTURE-1 (EV-1) AIRBORNE SCIENCE SELECTIONS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Air pollution; Carbon; Meteorology; Soil measurements; Terrestrial atmosphere AB On 27 May 2010, NASA announced the first Earth Venture (EV-1) selections in response to a recommendation made by the National Research Council for low-cost investigations fostering innovation in Earth Science. The five EV-1 investigations span the Earth science focus areas of atmosphere, weather, climate, water and energy and, carbon and represent Earth science researchers from NASA as well as other government agencies, academia and industry from around the world. The five EV-1 missions are (1) Airborne Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface (AirMOSS); (2) Airborne Tropical TRopopause Experiment (ATTREX); (3) Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE); (4) Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and VERtically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ), and (5) Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3). The Earth Venture missions are managed out of the Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) Program Office [3] C1 [Allen, B. Danette] NASA, Earth Syst Sci Pathfinder Program Off, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Braun, Scott A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Crawford, James H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Jensen, Eric J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Miller, Charles E.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Moghaddam, Mahta] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Maring, Hal] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Allen, BD (reprint author), NASA, Earth Syst Sci Pathfinder Program Off, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2575 EP 2578 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651920 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802185 ER PT S AU Yorks, JE McGill, MJ Hlavka, DL Hart, WD AF Yorks, John E. McGill, Matthew J. Hlavka, Dennis L. Hart, William D. GP IEEE TI STATISTICS OF DEPOLARIZATION RATIO FROM AN AIRBORNE BACKSCATTER LIDAR SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID CIRRUS-CLOUD PARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; RETRIEVAL AB An important cloud optical property derived from elastic backscatter lidars is depolarization ratio because it is used to determine cloud phase. Statistics and trends of volume depolarization ratio were analyzed for four years, 2003-2007, of Cloud Physics Lidar data during five projects of varying geographic locations and meteorological seasons. The volume depolarization ratio was computed using the parallel and perpendicular polarized 1064 nm channels. The majority of the cloud layers yielded a volume depolarization ratio between 0.3 and 0.6 with the volume depolarization ratio frequency distribution centered at 0.45 for ice clouds and 0.05 for water clouds. On average for ice clouds, volume depolarization ratio increased significantly as temperatures decreased. No trend for water clouds was observed, since all water particles are in theory spherical. C1 [Yorks, John E.; Hlavka, Dennis L.; Hart, William D.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [McGill, Matthew J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yorks, JE (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM John.E.Yorks@nasa.gov; Matthew.J.McGill@nasa.gov RI McGill, Matthew/D-8176-2012 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2579 EP 2582 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5654072 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802186 ER PT S AU Allan, GR Hasselbrack, W Riris, H Abshire, JB Weaver, C Mao, JP Sun, XL Andrews, AE AF Allan, Graham R. Hasselbrack, William Riris, Haris Abshire, James B. Weaver, Clark Mao, Jianping Sun, Xiaoli Andrews, Arlyn E. GP IEEE TI REMOTE SENSING ATMOSPHERIC CO2 COLUMN ABUNDANCE USING AN AIRBORNE PULSED LASER SOUNDER AT 13 KM ALTITUDE SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Planetary atmospheres; Carbon Dioxide; Spectroscopy; Laser radar AB Accurate global measurements of tropospheric Carbon Dioxide abundance to the "parts per million" (ppm) level is required to better quantify processes that regulate CO2 exchange between atmosphere, land and ocean. To measure CO2 globally NASA has planned the ASCENDS mission, Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days and Seasons. We report on an airborne laser-based remote sensing instrument we have developed at NASA-GSFC as a candidate for the ACENDS mission. Preliminary analyses of data from initial flight testing to 13 km altitude indicates a CO2 mixing ratio of 396 ppm from CO2 column abundance where in situ sensors determine 390 ppm mixing ratio. C1 [Allan, Graham R.; Hasselbrack, William] Sigma Space Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Riris, Haris; Abshire, James B.; Sun, Xiaoli] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Weaver, Clark; Mao, Jianping] Univ Maryland, GEST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Andrews, Arlyn E.] NOAA, ESRL, GMD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Allan, GR (reprint author), Sigma Space Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM graham.allan@nasa.gov RI Riris, Haris/D-1004-2013; Abshire, James/I-2800-2013; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Allan, Graham/D-3905-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2595 EP 2598 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649889 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802190 ER PT S AU Freaner, CW Bitten, RE AF Freaner, Claude W. Bitten, Robert E. GP IEEE TI THE NEED FOR AN INSTRUMENT FIRST, SPACECRAFT SECOND MISSION DEVELOPMENT APPROACH SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Cost; Schedule; Instrument development AB NASA science instruments have had a history of developmental delays. These development delays can lead to cost growth for the overall mission, as shown in recent studies of NASA missions and a larger historical data set. There are examples of historical missions, such as QuikSCAT and QuikTOMS, that have had shorter development times and less than historical average cost and schedule growth, which had instruments that were largely developed prior to the start of mission development. This implies that a similar approach, labeled instrument first, spacecraft second (IFSS), could provide reduced cost and schedule growth in future missions. This paper discusses the supporting data for such an approach. C1 [Freaner, Claude W.] NASA Headquarters, Sci Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Bitten, Robert E.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Freaner, CW (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Sci Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2599 EP 2602 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650168 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802191 ER PT S AU Miller, E Paulsen, P Pasciuto, M AF Miller, Eric Paulsen, Phillip Pasciuto, Michael GP IEEE TI AUTONOMOUS SATELLITE OPERATIONS VIA SECURE VIRTUAL MISSION OPERATIONS CENTER SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Virtual; Mission Operations; Net-Centric; ORS; Space Effects Management AB The science community is interested in improving their ability to respond to rapidly evolving, transient phenomena via autonomous rapid reconfiguration, which derives from the ability to assemble separate but collaborating sensors and data forecasting systems to meet a broad range of research and application needs. Current satellite systems typically require human intervention to respond to triggers from dissimilar sensor systems. Additionally, satellite ground services often need to be coordinated days or weeks in advance. Finally, the boundaries between the various sensor systems that make up such a Sensor Web are defined by such things as link delay & connectivity, data & error rate asymmetry, data reliability, quality of service provisions, and trust, complicating autonomous operations. Over the past ten years, researchers from NASA's Glenn Research Center, General Dynamics, Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL), Cisco, Universal Space Networks (USN), the US Geological Survey (USGS), the Naval Research Laboratory, the DoD Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) Office, and others have worked collaboratively to develop a "virtual" mission operations capability. Called "VMOC" (Virtual Mission Operations Center), this new capability allows cross-system queuing of dissimilar mission unique systems through the use of a common security scheme and published application programming interfaces (APIs). Collaborative VMOC demonstrations over the last several years have supported the standardization of spacecraft to ground interfaces needed to reduce costs, maximize space effects to the user, and allow the generation of new tactics, techniques and procedures that lead to responsive space employment. C1 [Miller, Eric] Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, 1515 Iceland St, Vandenberg AFB, CA 93437 USA. [Paulsen, Phillip] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Pasciuto, Michael] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Miller, E (reprint author), Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, 1515 Iceland St, Vandenberg AFB, CA 93437 USA. EM Eric.miller@gd-ais.com; Phillip.e.paulsen@nasa.gov; Michael.p.pasciuto@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2607 EP 2610 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649363 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802193 ER PT S AU Houborg, R Anderson, M Kustas, B Rodell, M AF Houborg, Rasmus Anderson, Martha Kustas, Bill Rodell, Matthew GP IEEE TI COMBINING OBSERVATIONS IN THE REFLECTIVE SOLAR AND THERMAL DOMAINS FOR IMPROVED MAPPING OF CARBON, WATER AND ENERGY FLUXES SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Leaf chlorophyll; light use efficiency; thermal infrared; carbon flux; reflective shortwave ID CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; FIELD; MODEL; LEAF AB This study investigates the utility of integrating remotely sensed estimates of leaf chlorophyll (C-ab) into a thermal-based Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model that estimates land-surface CO2 and energy fluxes using an analytical, light-use-efficiency (LUE) based model of canopy resistance. Day to day variations in nominal LUE (LUEn) were assessed for a corn crop field in Maryland U.S.A. through model calibration with CO2 flux tower observations. The optimized daily LUEn values were then compared to estimates of C-ab integrated from gridded maps of chlorophyll content weighted over the tower flux source area. Changes in C-ab exhibited a curvilinear relationship with corresponding changes in daily calibrated LUEn values derived from the tower flux data, and hourly water, energy and carbon flux estimation accuracies from TSEB were significantly improved when using C-ab for delineating spatio-temporal variations in LUEn. The results demonstrate the synergy between thermal infrared and shortwave reflective wavebands in producing valuable remote sensing data for monitoring of carbon and water fluxes. C1 [Houborg, Rasmus; Rodell, Matthew] NASAs, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Houborg, Rasmus] Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Anderson, Martha; Kustas, Bill] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Houborg, R (reprint author), NASAs, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Rodell, Matthew/E-4946-2012; OI Rodell, Matthew/0000-0003-0106-7437; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2648 EP 2651 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651597 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802204 ER PT S AU Oudrari, H Schwarting, T Chiang, KF McIntire, J Pan, CH Xiong, XX Butler, J AF Oudrari, Hassan Schwarting, Thomas Chiang, Kwo-Fu McIntire, Jeff Pan, Chunhui Xiong, Xiaoxiong Butler, James GP IEEE TI A METHODOLOGY TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF OPTICAL AND ELECTRONIC CROSSTALK IN A NEW GENERATION OF SENSORS USING HERITAGE DATA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE crosstalk; characterization; performance; sensor; MODIS; environmental products AB Electronic and optical crosstalk are radiometric challenges that often exist in the focal plane design in many sensors such as MODIS. A methodology is described to assess the impact due to optical and electronic crosstalk on the measured radiance, and thereafter, the retrieval of geophysical products using MODIS Level 1 data sets. Based on a postulated set of electronic and optical crosstalk coefficients, and a set of MODIS scenes, we have simulated a system signal contamination on any detector on a focal plane when another detector on that focal plane is stimulated with a geophysical signal. The original MODIS scenes and the crosstalk impacted scenes can be used with validated geophysical algorithms to derive the final data products. Products contaminated with crosstalk are then compared to those without contamination to assess the impact magnitude and location, and will allow us to separate Out-Of-Band (OOB) leaks from band-to-band optical crosstalk, and identify potential failures to meet climate research requirements. C1 [Oudrari, Hassan; Schwarting, Thomas; Chiang, Kwo-Fu; McIntire, Jeff] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Pan, Chunhui] Sci Syst & Appl Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Butler, James] NASA, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Oudrari, H (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012; Butler, James/D-4188-2013 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2691 EP 2694 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649196 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802215 ER PT S AU Jeganathan, C Ganguly, S Dash, J Friedl, M Atkinson, PM AF Jeganathan, C. Ganguly, S. Dash, J. Friedl, M. Atkinson, P. M. GP IEEE TI TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION PHENOLOGY FROM MODIS AND MERIS SENSOR DATA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE EVI; MTCI; MODIS; MERIS; phenology AB Phenological information can be provided globally using remote sensing based time-series vegetation indices. Basic differences in the data and methods used can yield different results. This study analysed such differences in the phenological information, mainly onset of greenness (OG), estimated using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and the Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI) from Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) data. The two datasets were processed independently using different techniques to provide weekly estimates. Differences in the OG results were analysed for two years (2003 & 2006) and at four levels: a) full study area, b) within land cover classes, c) within core zones of each class and d) at the edge zones of each class. It was found that the trend of OG estimated from MODIS and MERIS were spatially similar, although not the same. From 15 Biome classes found in the study area the classes with the greatest differences were evergreen needle leaf, mixed forest and cropland. The differences were mainly due to the characteristic nature of the indices and also, to some extent, due to false internal flags in the algorithms. C1 [Jeganathan, C.; Dash, J.; Atkinson, P. M.] Univ Southampton, Sch Geog, Southampton, Hants, England. [Ganguly, S.] NASA, BAERI, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Friedl, M.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA USA. RP Jeganathan, C (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Geog, Southampton, Hants, England. RI Atkinson, Peter/L-9508-2013 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2699 EP 2702 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650124 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802217 ER PT J AU Esteban-Fernandez, D Durden, SL Chaubell, J Cooper, KB AF Esteban-Fernandez, Daniel Durden, Stephen L. Chaubell, Julian Cooper, Kenneth B. GP IEEE TI DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR A DUAL-FREQUENCY RADAR FOR SEA SPRAY MEASUREMENT IN HURRICANES SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Sea spray; atmospheric radar; hurricane AB Over the last few years, researchers have determined that sea spray from breaking waves can have a large effect on the magnitude and distribution of the air-sea energy flux at hurricane-force wind speeds. Characterizing the fluxes requires estimates of the height-dependent droplet size distribution (DSD). Currently, the few available measurements have been acquired with spectrometer probes, which can provide only flight-level measurements. As such, in-situ measurement of near-surface droplet fluxes in hurricanes with these instruments is, at best, extremely challenging, if at all possible. This paper describes an airborne dual-wavelength radar profiler concept to retrieve the DSD of sea spray. C1 [Esteban-Fernandez, Daniel; Durden, Stephen L.; Chaubell, Julian; Cooper, Kenneth B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Esteban-Fernandez, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2896 EP 2899 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653198 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803011 ER PT S AU Susskind, J Blaisdell, J Iredell, L AF Susskind, Joel Blaisdell, John Iredell, Lena GP IEEE TI IMPROVED DETERMINATION OF SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES USING ONLY SHORTWAVE AIRS CHANNELS: THE AIRS VERSION-6 RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Infra-red measurements; remote sensing; meteorology; sea surface ID CLOUDY ATMOSPHERES AB AIRS was launched on EOS Aqua on May 4, 2002 together with ASMU-A and HSB to form a next generation polar orbiting infrared and microwave atmosphere sounding. The AIRS Science Team Version 6 retrieval system uses only shortwave CO2 channels to determine temperature profile, and only window observations in the shortwave window region, 4.0 mu m - 3.76 mu m, to determine both surface skin temperatures and shortwave surface spectral emissivities. The current use of only shortwave AIRS channels in the retrieval of both atmospheric and surface parameters has resulted in significant improvement in the ability to obtain accurate temperature profiles and surface skin temperatures under more stressing partial cloud cover conditions than achieved previously. In this paper, we will show the improvement in retrieved Quality Controlled values of sea surface temperature and ocean spectral surface emissivity compared to those obtained using the AIRS Version-5 retrieval algorithm which used longwave and shortwave window observations simultaneously to determine surface parameters. C1 [Susskind, Joel] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Blaisdell, John; Iredell, Lena] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SAIC, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Susskind, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2948 EP 2951 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650538 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803024 ER PT S AU Kursinski, ER Otarola, A Ward, D Young, A Albanna, S Groppi, C Stickney, R Stovern, M Wheelwright, B Duffy, B Schein, M Sammler, K Frehlich, R Bertiger, W Pickett, H Rind, D Ross, M AF Kursinski, E. R. Otarola, A. Ward, D. Young, A. Albanna, S. Groppi, C. Stickney, R. Stovern, M. Wheelwright, B. Duffy, B. Schein, M. Sammler, K. Frehlich, R. Bertiger, W. Pickett, H. Rind, D. Ross, M. GP IEEE TI The Active Temperature, Ozone and Moisture Microwave Spectrometer (ATOMMS), A New Global Climate Sensor SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Atmospheric measurements; meteorology; remote sensing; microwave spectroscopy AB We are developing a new remote sensing system at the University of Arizona called the Active Temperature, Ozone and Moisture Microwave Spectrometer (ATOMMS). ATOMMS combines many of the best features of GPS Radio Occultation (RO) and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) by actively probing cm to sub-mm wavelength atmospheric absorption features via satellite-to-satellite occultation. ATOMMS will provide an unprecedented combination of features for monitoring climate from orbit. With funding from NSF and aircraft time from NASA, we will demonstrate the ATOMMS concept via high altitude aircraft-to-aircraft occultations in 2011. Here we summarize the ATOMMS concept and demonstration project and provide early test results from the instrument indicative of ATOMMS capabilities and performance. C1 [Kursinski, E. R.; Otarola, A.; Ward, D.; Young, A.; Albanna, S.; Stickney, R.; Stovern, M.; Wheelwright, B.; Duffy, B.; Schein, M.; Sammler, K.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Groppi, C.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Frehlich, R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bertiger, W.; Pickett, H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Rind, D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Ross, M.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Kursinski, ER (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2952 EP 2955 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653877 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803025 ER PT S AU Plag, HP Blewitt, G Hammond, W Kreemer, C Bar-Sever, Y AF Plag, H. -P. Blewitt, G. Hammond, W. Kreemer, C. Bar-Sever, Y. GP IEEE TI RAPID GPS-BASED DETERMINATION OF EARTHQUAKE DISPLACEMENT FIELD AND MAGNITUDE FOR TSUNAMI PROPAGATION MODELING AND WARNING SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Tsunami early warning; GPS; fingerprinting; earthquake magnitude; displacement field AB Reliable tsunami early warning requires a rapid assessment of the tsunamigenic potential of an earthquake as well as a prediction of the likely propagation pattern of the tsunami. Low-latency availability of the coseismic Earth's surface displacements can support the assessment of the tsunamigenic potential of an earthquake and improve predictions of the propagation pattern of the tsunami. We have developed a fingerprint methodology for the rapid determination of the surface displacement field from GNSS-determined displacements. The fingerprint methodology depends on a priori knowledge of the faults potentially involved in a rupture. The known faults are parametrized with standard elements and for each element so-called fingerprint functions are computed for unit strike and dip slips. After an event, the model space of all reasonable fault-element combinations is searched for the element-slip combination best fitting the observed displacements. This combination provides the best estimate of the displacement field and earthquake magnitude consistent with observations. Here we describe the fingerprint methodology and the main architectural elements of a prototype for the rapid determination of magnitude and displacement field. C1 [Plag, H. -P.; Blewitt, G.; Hammond, W.; Kreemer, C.] Univ Nevada, Reno Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Mail Stop 178, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Bar-Sever, Y.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Plag, HP (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Mail Stop 178, Reno, NV 89557 USA. FU NASA Earth Surface and Interior [NNX08AE75G]; NASA Decision Support Through Earth Science [NNH07ZDA001N]; United States Geological Survey [07HQGR0011, 07HQGR0016]; NASA Through Earth Science [NNH07ZDA001N] FX This work has been funded by NASA Earth Surface and Interior (NNX08AE75G), NASA Decision Support Through Earth Science (NNH07ZDA001N), and United States Geological Survey (NEHRP 07HQGR0011 and 07HQGR0016).; The work at JPL has been funded by NASA Decision Support Through Earth Science (NNH07ZDA001N). NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3039 EP 3042 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5654455 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803047 ER PT S AU Torres-Martinez, E Heaps, WS Singh, UN AF Torres-Martinez, Eduardo Heaps, William S. Singh, Upendra N. GP IEEE TI NASA'S LASER RISK REDUCTION PROGRAM: A RISK REDUCTION APPROACH FOR TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB The benefits of Earth Science (ES) laser instrumentation have been proven by decades of earth-science observations. Lasers allow remote sensing of earth-system variables such as sea elevation, atmospheric composition, wind profiles, cloud cover, ice mass, and vegetation canopy. Further, orbiting platforms provide a unique vantage point that allows laser measurements on a global scale. NASA implemented the Laser Risk Reduction Program (LRRP) to identify and address capability-gap areas where new devices or processes could yield high-reliability mission-ready parts, and to develop components needed to advance the state-of-the-art of laser-based instrumentation. This paper discusses LRRP's approach and the evolution of the program's developments from inception to their planned infusion into NASA's missions. It is the first part of a three-paper presentation (Program goals and organization; 1 mu developments and results at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC); and 2 mu developments and results at Langley Research Center (LaRC)) that summarizes LRRP's goals, formulation approach, management organization, and final results. C1 [Torres-Martinez, Eduardo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Technol Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Heaps, William S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Inst Electroopt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Singh, Upendra N.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Syst Engn Competency, Hampton 23681, VA USA. RP Torres-Martinez, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Technol Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3106 EP 3109 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649309 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803064 ER PT J AU Heaps, WS AF Heaps, William S. GP IEEE TI ONE MICRON LASER TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENTS AT GSFC SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Lasers; Space Technology; Remote Sensing; Reliability AB In recent years, lasers have proven themselves to be invaluable to a variety of remote sensing applications. LIDAR techniques have been used to measure atmospheric aerosols and a variety of trace species, profile winds, and develop high resolution topographical maps. Often it would be of great advantage to make these measurements from an orbiting satellite. Unfortunately, the space environment is a challenging one for the high power lasers that would enable many LIDAR missions. Optical mounts must maintain precision alignment during and after launch. Outgassing materials in the vacuum of space lead to contamination of laser optics. Electronic components and optical materials must survive the space environment, including a vacuum atmosphere, thermal cycling, and radiation exposure. Laser designs must be lightweight, compact, and energy efficient. Many LIDAR applications require frequency conversion systems that have never been designed or tested for use in space. For the last seven or eight years the National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) has undertaken a program specifically directed at addressing the durability and long term reliability issues that face space-borne lasers (The Laser Risk Reduction Program-LRRP). C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Heaps, WS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3110 EP 3113 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649173 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803065 ER PT S AU Gallaher, D Wingo, D AF Gallaher, D. Wingo, D. GP IEEE TI THE POTENTIAL FOR DETERMINING HISTORIC SEA-ICE EXTENT FROM 1960'S NIMBUS HRIR SATELLITE DATA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Sea ice; Infrared image sensor; Meteorology AB A critical need in climate research is to obtain continuous high quality data records and images as far back in time as is practical. There is a wealth of early Earth-observing satellite data that were never fully explored due to the limitations of historical programs and processing systems. With the recent recovery of some of these data, there is now an opportunity to use this 1960s vintage data to create sea ice extent, climate data records (CDRs) for this era. The original engineers and researchers are now mostly in their late 70s and 80s, and contact with them is critical to answering some of the necessary instrumentation questions. Only a portion of the original 6-bit, 7 track tapes have been recovered and none has been converted to modern formats. If this work is not done now, we will have forever lost the opportunity. Satellites dedicated to polar visible or near infrared imaging for weather or climate purposes did not practically begin until the mid 1960's. NASA began this effort with the Nimbus series of spacecraft. Nimbus I collected data during 1964. Nimbus II collected data from 1966-1969. Nimbus III collected data from 1969-1972. Data coverage was global with twice daily acquisitions. Unfortunately, the original downlink data was recorded on two inch Ampex tape media as an intermediate product and was never envisioned to be preserved in an archive. The original raw data contained all the detailed timings and calibration information needed to geo-rectify the data. NASA Goddard saved and is maintaining the higher-level products derived from the raw data, unfortunately without the timings and calibration. If even a few examples of these intermediate products could be found, it would help to improve the usefulness of the archive data product. The Nimbus HRIR (High Resolution Infrared Radiometer) Instrument data coverage is global, the reprocessing techniques could make new, 1960s-era data available to the entire Earth science community. The techniques we use would bring the quality of archaic data from other Earth-observing satellites (not limited to Nimbus instruments) up to contemporary standards, reinvigorating the data sets for current applications. The objective of this project is to generate monthly (or better) sea-ice extent CDRs for the time intervals covered by NIMBUS I, II and III and TIROS 9 & 10. This will require a multi-step process to define and build the CDRs. The initial step is the reprocessing and correcting of all the available HRIR data. The available MRIR (medium band) data will be examined to see whether they would help. AVCS visible band video images and TIROS visible images (film) will be acquired to help in the analysis. Next techniques must be developed to determine the monthly average sea-ice extent from these data. We expect clouds will be the most difficult challenge in the process. With data records provided on multiple orbits on a daily basis, our preliminary research confirms that we can separate clouds from ice by animating the data in Google Earth. Finally, the standards for these 1960s CDRs must be published along with the resultant data. C1 [Gallaher, D.; Wingo, D.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Gallaher, D.; Wingo, D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Skycorp Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Gallaher, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3122 EP 3125 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650467 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803068 ER PT S AU Panzer, B Leuschen, C Patel, A Markus, T Gogineni, S AF Panzer, Ben Leuschen, Carl Patel, Aqsa Markus, Thorsten Gogineni, Sivaprasad GP IEEE TI ULTRA-WIDEBAND RADAR MEASUREMENTS OF SNOW THICKNESS OVER SEA ICE SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE sea ice; snow thickness; ultra-wideband radar; airborne measurements AB An ultra-wideband, frequency modulated, continuous wave radar working from 2.0 to 6.5 GHz was designed, built and tested at the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) at the University of Kansas to measure snow thickness over sea ice. Improvements and modifications to the existing radar, compared to previous versions, allow for snow thickness measurements over sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic oceans as part of NASA's Operation Ice Bridge. C1 [Panzer, Ben; Leuschen, Carl; Patel, Aqsa; Gogineni, Sivaprasad] Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Markus, Thorsten] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Panzer, B (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RI Markus, Thorsten/D-5365-2012 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA [NAG5-11788] FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Grant NAG5-11788 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3130 EP 3133 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5654342 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803070 ER PT J AU Gao, F Masek, JG Wolfe, RE Tan, B AF Gao, Feng Masek, Jeffrey G. Wolfe, Robert E. Tan, Bin GP IEEE TI NORMALIZING LANDSAT AND ASTER DATA USING MODIS DATA PRODUCTS FOR FOREST CHANGE DETECTION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Landsat; ASTER; MODIS; forest; change detection; data fusion ID CAP AB Monitoring forest cover and its changes are a major application for optical remote sensing. In this paper, we present an approach to integrate Landsat, ASTER and MODIS data for forest change detection. Moderate resolution (10-100m) images (e. g. Landsat and ASTER) acquired from different seasons and times are normalized to one "standard" date using MODIS data products as reference. The normalized data are then used to compute forest disturbance index for forest change detection. Comparing to the results from original data, forest disturbance index from the normalized images is more consistent spatially and temporally. This work demonstrates an effective approach for mapping forest change over a large area from multiple moderate resolution sensors on various acquisition dates. C1 [Gao, Feng; Masek, Jeffrey G.; Wolfe, Robert E.; Tan, Bin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012; Tan, Bin/G-1331-2012 OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855; NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3206 EP 3209 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650978 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803089 ER PT S AU O'Neill, P Entekhabi, D Njoku, E Kellogg, K AF O'Neill, Peggy Entekhabi, Dara Njoku, Eni Kellogg, Kent GP IEEE TI THE NASA SOIL MOISTURE ACTIVE PASSIVE (SMAP) MISSION: OVERVIEW SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE soil moisture; microwave radiometry; radar; freeze/thaw AB The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission is one of the first Earth observation satellites being developed by NASA in response to the National Research Council's Decadal Survey [1]. Its mission design consists of L-band radiometer and radar instruments sharing a rotating 6-m mesh reflector antenna to provide high-resolution and high-accuracy global maps of soil moisture and freeze/thaw state every 2-3 days. The combined active/passive microwave soil moisture product will have a spatial resolution of 10 km and a mean latency of 24 hours. In addition, the SMAP surface observations will be combined with advanced modeling and data assimilation to provide deeper root zone soil moisture and net ecosystem exchange of carbon. SMAP is expected to launch in the late 2014 - early 2015 time frame. C1 [O'Neill, Peggy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Code 614-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Entekhabi, Dara] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Njoku, Eni; Kellogg, Kent] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP O'Neill, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Code 614-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Peggy.E.ONeill@nasa.gov; darae@mit.edu; Eni.G.Njoku@jpl.nasa.gov; kkellogg@jpl.nasa.gov RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3236 EP 3239 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652291 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803097 ER PT S AU Spencer, M Wheeler, K White, C West, R Piepmeier, J Hudson, D Medeiros, J AF Spencer, Michael Wheeler, Kevin White, Chris West, Richard Piepmeier, Jeffrey Hudson, Derek Medeiros, James GP IEEE TI The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Mission L-Band Radar/Radiometer Instrument SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Soil-Moisture; Radar; Radiometer AB The Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) mission is a NASA mission identified by the NRC "decadal survey" to measure both soil moisture and freeze/thaw state from space. The mission will use both active radar and passive radiometer instruments at L-Band. In order to achieve a wide swath at sufficiently high resolution for both active and passive channels, an instrument architecture that uses a large rotating reflector is employed. The active radar will further utilize SAR processing in order to obtain the sub-footprint resolution necessary for the geophysical retrievals. The SMAP radiometer uses a more conventional real-aperture resolution, albeit with a significantly larger antenna than flown before. Both the SMAP radar and radiometer must address the effects of radiofrequency interference (RFI). C1 [Spencer, Michael; Wheeler, Kevin; White, Chris; West, Richard] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Piepmeier, Jeffrey; Hudson, Derek; Medeiros, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Spencer, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3240 EP 3243 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651760 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803098 ER PT S AU Fisher, K Gualtieri, JA LeMoigne, J Tilton, JC AF Fisher, Kevin Gualtieri, J. Anthony LeMoigne, Jacqueline Tilton, James C. GP IEEE TI COMPUTATION OF EARTH SCIENCE PRODUCTS ON SPACEBORNE PLATFORMS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Space vehicle computers; Image segmentation; Field programmable gate arrays AB The next generation of Earth-observing spacecraft are likely to generate enormous volumes of data. A major challenge lies in the conversion of these mountains of data into information useful to researchers and other users. Hierarchical segmentation is one way to detect relationships among regions in a hyperspectral image. We implemented this algorithm on a next-generation space-capable hardware platform, and studied its performance before and after adapting it to use the platform's unique computational resources. We found that these adaptations enable an order-of-magnitude increase in performance over our initial implementation, and our detailed analysis points to areas for additional improvement. C1 [Fisher, Kevin; LeMoigne, Jacqueline; Tilton, James C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Gualtieri, J. Anthony] LuxAnal LLC, Schenectady, NY USA. RP Fisher, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3410 EP 3413 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650227 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803141 ER PT S AU Susskind, J Reale, O AF Susskind, Joel Reale, Oreste GP IEEE TI IMPROVING FORECAST SKILL BY ASSIMILATION OF AIRS TEMPERATURE SOUNDINGS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Forecasting; infrared measurements; infrared spectroscopy; meteorology; remote sensing AB This paper uses AIRS temperature profiles derived by the AIRS Science Team Version-5 retrieval algorithm. The AIRS Science Team Version-5 retrieval algorithm is being used operationally at the Goddard DAAC in the processing (and reprocessing) of all AIRS data. The AIRS Science Team Version-5 retrieval algorithm contains two significant improvements over Version-4: 1) Improved physics allows for use of AIRS observations in the entire 4.3 mu m CO2 absorption band in the retrieval of temperature profile T(p) during both day and night. Tropospheric sounding 15 m CO2 observations are now used primarily in the generation of cloud cleared radiances R-i. This approach allows for the generation of accurate values of R-i and T(p) under most cloud conditions. 2) Another very significant improvement in Version-5 is the ability to generate accurate case-by-case, level-by-level error estimates for the atmospheric temperature profile, as well as for channel-by-channel error estimates for R-i. These error estimates are used for quality control of the retrieved products. We have conducted forecast impact experiments assimilating AIRS temperature profiles with different levels of quality control using the NASA GEOS-5 data assimilation system. Assimilation of quality controlled T(p) resulted in significantly improved forecast skill compared to that obtained from analyses obtained when all data used operationally by NCEP, except for AIRS data, is assimilated. We also conducted an experiment assimilating AIRS radiances uncontaminated by clouds, as done operationally by ECMWF and NCEP. Forecasts resulting from assimilating AIRS radiances were of poorer quality than those obtained assimilating AIRS temperatures. C1 [Susskind, Joel] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reale, Oreste] UMBC, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Susskind, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3534 EP 3537 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652458 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803172 ER PT J AU Meister, G Franz, BA Kwiatkowska, EJ McClain, CR AF Meister, Gerhard Franz, Bryan A. Kwiatkowska, Ewa J. McClain, Charles R. GP IEEE TI CORRECTIONS TO THE CALIBRATION OF MODIS AQUA OCEAN COLOR BANDS DERIVED FROM SEAWIFS DATA SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Calibration; Image sensors; Remote sensing ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER AB The NASA ocean color products of SeaWiFS and MODIS Aqua have been reprocessed in 2009 and 2010, respectively. This paper describes the changes to the calibration approach for MODIS Aqua. Due to a significant downward trend in the operational MODIS Aqua water-leaving radiances at 412nm, the previous calibration approach was no longer sufficient. The new approach uses SeaWiFS water-leaving radiances to adjust the temporal trends of the MODIS Aqua 412nm and 443nm water-leaving radiances. The remaining five bands (488nm to 678nm) are adjusted with regard to their scan angle dependence only. A similar approach has been applied to MODIS Terra before, but for MODIS Aqua there is no need to adjust the polarization sensitivity. C1 [Meister, Gerhard; Franz, Bryan A.; Kwiatkowska, Ewa J.; McClain, Charles R.] NASA, Ocean Biol Proc Grp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Meister, G (reprint author), Futuretech Corp, Greenbelt, MD USA. RI Franz, Bryan/D-6284-2012; Meister, Gerhard/F-7159-2012 OI Franz, Bryan/0000-0003-0293-2082; NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3688 EP 3691 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651742 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803211 ER PT S AU Chien, S Silverman, D Davies, AG Mclaren, D Mandl, D Hegemihle, J AF Chien, Steve Silverman, Dorothy Davies, Ashley Gerard Mclaren, David Mandl, Daniel Hegemihle, Jerry GP IEEE TI Onboard Instrument Processing Concepts for the HyspIRI Mission SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE imaging spectroscopy; hyperspectral imaging; onboard processing; data reduction ID AUTONOMOUS SCIENCECRAFT EXPERIMENT; VOLCANISM; MODIS; EO-1 AB Future NASA missions will have instruments that generate enormous amounts of data. We describe an onboard processing mission concept for a possible Direct Broadcast capability for the HyspIRI mission - a mission under consideration for launch in the next decade carrying visible to short wave infrared (VSWIR) and thermal infrared (TIR) instruments. The VSWIR and TIR instruments will produce over 800 x 10(6) bits per second of data however the Direct Broadcast downlink rate will be approximately 10x10(6) bits per second, allowing only 1/80th of the data to be rapidly downlinked. Our onboard processing concept under development spectrally and spatially subsamples the data as well as generates science products onboard to enable return of key rapid response science and applications information despite limited downlink bandwidth. This rapid data delivery concept focuses on wildfires and volcanoes as primary applications but also has applications to vegetation, coastal, flooding, dust, and snow/ice applications. C1 [Chien, Steve; Silverman, Dorothy; Davies, Ashley Gerard; Mclaren, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mandl, Daniel; Hegemihle, Jerry] Goddard Space Flight Ctr & Microtel LLC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Chien, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM steve.chien@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3748 EP 3751 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651980 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803226 ER PT S AU Le Vine, DM Dinnat, ED Jacob, SD Abraham, S deMatthaeis, P AF Le Vine, D. M. Dinnat, E. D. Jacob, S. D. Abraham, S. deMatthaeis, P. GP IEEE TI SPURIOUS SIGNAL IN MEASUREMENT OF THE THIRD STOKES PARAMETER FROM SPACE AT L-BAND SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Microwave radiometry; Remote sensing ID FARADAY-ROTATION AB Spurious spikes in the third Stokes parameter have been observed in numerical simulations of the signal expected from the L-band radiometers to be flown as part of the Aquarius instrument. These signals are present over scenes with large contrast such as land water boundaries and are due to cross polarization coupling and the relatively large footprint of the antennas. C1 [Le Vine, D. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dinnat, E. D.; Jacob, S. D.; deMatthaeis, P.] UMBC GEST Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Abraham, S.; deMatthaeis, P.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, RS Informat Syst In, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Le Vine, DM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Dinnat, Emmanuel/D-7064-2012 OI Dinnat, Emmanuel/0000-0001-9003-1182 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3772 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651654 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803232 ER PT S AU Cardellach, E Rius, A Cerezo, F Garcia-Primo, MA de la Torre-Juarez, M Cucurull, L Ector, D AF Cardellach, E. Rius, A. Cerezo, F. Garcia-Primo, M. A. de la Torre-Juarez, M. Cucurull, L. Ector, D. GP IEEE TI POLARIMETRIC GNSS RADIO-OCCULTATIONS FOR HEAVY RAIN DETECTION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE GNSS; GNSS Remote Sensing; GNSS Radio-Occultations; Atmospheric Profiles; Heavy Precipitation AB A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio-Occultation (RO) experiment is being accommodated in the Spanish Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) for Earth Observation PAZ. The RO-payload will provide globally distributed vertical thermodynamic profiles of the Atmosphere in Near Real-Time (NRT) suitable to be assimilated into Weather Numerical Prediction Models. The NRT operability will be dispensed by the Ground Segment services of the U. S. A. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Moreover, the mission will run, for the first time from Space, a double-polarization GNSS experiment, to assess the capabilities of polarimetric GNSS-RO for detection of heavy rain events. C1 [Cardellach, E.; Rius, A.] ICE CSIC IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona, Spain. [Cerezo, F.; Garcia-Primo, M. A.] HISDESAT, Madrid, Spain. [de la Torre-Juarez, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Cucurull, L.; Ector, D.] NOAA, Washington, DC USA. RP Cardellach, E (reprint author), ICE CSIC IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona, Spain. RI Cardellach, Estel/C-9418-2012; Cucurull, Lidia/E-8900-2015 OI Cardellach, Estel/0000-0001-8908-0972; FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [ACI2009-1023, AYA2008-05906-C02-02/ESP]; E.C; Ramon y Cajal Programme FX ROHPP is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, projects ACI2009-1023 and AYA2008-05906-C02-02/ESP. E.C. is funded by the Ramon y Cajal Programme. The ground campaign antenna is provided by the UPC. Part of this research is carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Members of the ROHPP International Science Team have contributed to the scientific requirements of the ROHPP, ROHPP proposal, and the ground campaign definition (particuarly to J. Turk, R. Kursinski, and T. Meehan). Figure 5 was generated with data provided by CLABSA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3841 EP 3844 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650907 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803250 ER PT S AU Shah, R Garrison, JL Grant, MS Katzberg, SJ Tian, G AF Shah, Rashmi Garrison, James L. Grant, Michael S. Katzberg, Stephen J. Tian, Geng GP IEEE TI ANALYSIS OF THE CORRELATION PROPERTIES OF DIGITAL SATELLITE SIGNALS AND THEIR APPLICABILITY IN BISTATIC REMOTE SENSING SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Bistatic radar; XM radio; ambiguity function; retrievals; waveforms ID GPS SIGNALS; OCEAN; SURFACE; SYSTEM AB This paper presents a study of relevant correlation properties of signal transmitted from commercial communication satellites in order to evaluate their potential use as "signal of opportunity" for bistatic remote sensing. The ambiguity function for the XM radio satellites was computed analytically from published information on the modulation schemes and bandwidth, under the assumption that the data modulation is random. The model was then experimentally tested by recording the received signals from these satellites. Next, a cross-correlation waveform for digital signal reflected from random rough surface was simulated. Scattering model that were originally developed for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS-R) signals was applied to the modified simulator to incorporate the derived ambiguity function. The simulator was then used to generate synthetic waveform with a realistic signal to noise ratio (SNR). Retrieval algorithms for ocean surface roughness and reflectivity that were derived originally for GNSS-R, were applied to these simulated signals. Non-linear least square methods were applied to invert a scattering model and estimate the slope variances of the probability density function (PDF), which best fits the measurements of the reflected XM signal waveform. The SNR for the experimental data was found to be within 0.5dB of the theoretically calculated SNR. C1 [Shah, Rashmi; Garrison, James L.; Tian, Geng] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, 701 W Stadium Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Grant, Michael S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Katzberg, Stephen J.] South Carolina State Univ, Orangeburg, SC USA. RP Shah, R (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, 701 W Stadium Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM shah11@purdue.edu FU National Aero-nautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center [NNX09AH13G, NNX10AE43G] FX The author would like to thank NASA Langley Research Center for funding this research. This research was funded by National Aero-nautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center under grants NNX09AH13G and NNX10AE43G. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4114 EP 4117 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651392 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804068 ER PT S AU Middleton, EM Campbell, PKE Ungar, SG Ong, L Zhang, QY Huemmrich, KF Mandl, DJ Frye, SW AF Middleton, Elizabeth M. Campbell, Petya K. E. Ungar, Stephen G. Ong, Lawrence Zhang, Qingyuan Huemmrich, K. Fred Mandl, Daniel J. Frye, Stuart W. GP IEEE TI USING EO-1 HYPERION IMAGES TO PROTOTYPE ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTS FOR HYSPIRI SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE EO-1; Hyperion; spectrometry; bio-physical variables; HyspIRI ID USE-EFFICIENCY; FOREST; INDEX AB In November 2010, the Earth Observing One (EO-1) Satellite Mission will successfully complete a decade of Earth imaging by its two unique instruments, the Hyperion and the Advanced Land Imager (ALI). Both instruments are serving as prototypes for new orbital sensors, and the EO-1 is a heritage platform for the upcoming German mission, EnMAP. We provide an overview of the mission's lifetime. We briefly describe calibration & validation activities and overview the technical and scientific accomplishments of this mission. Some examples of the Mission Science Office (MSO) products are provided, as is an example of a image collected for disaster monitoring. C1 [Middleton, Elizabeth M.; Mandl, Daniel J.] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Campbell, Petya K. E.; Ungar, Stephen G.; Zhang, Qingyuan; Huemmrich, K. Fred] Univ Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Ong, Lawrence] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Frye, Stuart W.] SGI Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Middleton, EM (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Elizabeth.M.Middleton@nasa.gov RI Campbell, Petya/G-4931-2013; Campbell, Petya/L-7486-2013 OI Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4256 EP 4259 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5648946 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804104 ER PT S AU Amarin, RA Jones, L Johnson, J Ruf, C Miller, TL Uhlhorn, E AF Amarin, Ruba A. Jones, Linwood Johnson, James Ruf, Chris Miller, Timothy L. Uhlhorn, Eric GP IEEE TI THE HURRICANE IMAGING RADIOMETER WIDE SWATH SIMULATION AND WIND SPEED RETRIEVALS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE HIRAD; hurricane imaging; microwave radiometry; wind speed retrievals AB The knowledge of peak winds in hurricanes is critical to classification of hurricane intensity; therefore, there is a strong interest in the operational remote sensing of ocean surface winds for monitoring tropical storms and hurricanes, especially those which threaten landfall. Presently, the airborne Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) is the state-of-the-art remote sensor for providing this information in real-time, during hurricane surveillance flights. However, for the future, NASA and NOAA are collaborating in the development of the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD), which is a prototype of the next-generation high-flying airborne instrument for monitoring hurricanes. This paper describes a realistic end-to-end simulation of HIRAD hurricane measurements while flying on an unmanned Global Hawk aircraft. The objective of this research is to develop baseline retrieval algorithms and provide a wind speed measurement accuracy assessment for the upcoming NASA hurricane field program, Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP), to be conducted in 2010. C1 [Amarin, Ruba A.; Jones, Linwood; Johnson, James] Univ Cent Florida, Cent Florida Remote Sensing Lab, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Ruf, Chris] Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Miller, Timothy L.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Uhlhorn, Eric] NOAA AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Amarin, RA (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Cent Florida Remote Sensing Lab, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM ramarin@mail.ucf.edu RI Ruf, Christopher/I-9463-2012 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4290 EP 4293 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650693 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804113 ER PT J AU Ranson, KJ Sun, G AF Ranson, K. Jon Sun, G. GP IEEE TI Effects of Forest Disturbances on Forest Structural Parameters Retrieval form Lidal Waveform Data SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE lidar waveform; forest; disturbance; biomass ID TROPICAL FOREST AB The effect of forest disturbance on the lidar waveform and the forest biomass estimation was demonstrated by model simulation. The results show that the correlation between stand biomass and the lidar waveform indices changes when the stand spatial structure changes due to disturbances rather than the natural succession. This has to be considered in developing algorithms for regional or global mapping of biomass from lidar waveform data. C1 [Ranson, K. Jon] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ranson, KJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Ranson, Kenneth/G-2446-2012 OI Ranson, Kenneth/0000-0003-3806-7270 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4370 EP 4373 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652562 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804133 ER PT J AU Davies, AG Chien, S Tran, DQ Doubleday, J AF Davies, Ashley Gerard Chien, Steve Tran, Daniel Q. Doubleday, Joshua GP IEEE TI ONBOARD PROCESSING OF MULTISPECTRAL AND HYPERSPECTRAL DATA OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITY FOR FUTURE EARTH-ORBITING AND PLANETARY MISSIONS SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Autonomy; remote-sensing; volcanism; Earth; Jovian satellites ID MOON IO; PELE AB Autonomous onboard processing of data allows rapid response to detections of dynamic, changing processes. Software that can detect volcanic eruptions from thermal emission has been used to retask the Earth Observing 1 spacecraft to obtain additional data of the eruption. Rapid transmission of these data to the ground, and the automatic processing of the data to generated images, estimates of eruption parameters and maps of thermal structure, has allowed these products to be delivered rapidly to volcanologists to aid them in assessing eruption risk and hazard. Such applications will enhance science return from future Earth-orbiting spacecraft and also from spacecraft exploring the Solar System, or beyond, which hope to image dynamic processes. Especially in the latter case, long communication times between the spacecraft and Earth exclude a rapid response to what may be a transient process - only using onboard autonomy can the spacecraft react quickly to such an event. C1 [Davies, Ashley Gerard; Chien, Steve; Tran, Daniel Q.; Doubleday, Joshua] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Davies, AG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4381 EP 4384 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652592 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804136 ER PT J AU Esteban-Fernandez, D Fu, LL Rodriguez, E Brown, S Hodges, R AF Esteban-Fernandez, Daniel Fu, Lee-Lueng Rodriguez, Ernesto Brown, Shannon Hodges, Richard GP IEEE TI KA-BAND SAR INTERFEROMETRY STUDIES FOR THE SWOT MISSION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Altimetry; Synthetic Aperture Radar AB The primary objective of the National Research Council (NRC) Decadal Survey recommended SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography) Mission is to measure the water elevation of the global oceans, as well as terrestrial water bodies (such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands), to answer key scientific questions on the kinetic energy of ocean circulation, the spatial and temporal variability of the world's surface freshwater storage and discharge, and to provide societal benefits on predicting climate change, coastal zone management, flood prediction, and water resources management. In this paper, we present the overall concept of the SWOT mission, as well as the scientific rational, objectives and development status of the technology items currently under development. C1 [Esteban-Fernandez, Daniel; Fu, Lee-Lueng; Rodriguez, Ernesto; Brown, Shannon; Hodges, Richard] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Esteban-Fernandez, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4401 EP 4402 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652302 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804141 ER PT S AU Lofgren, JS Bjorndahl, F Moore, AW Webb, FH Fielding, EJ Fishbein, EF AF Lofgren, J. S. Bjorndahl, F. Moore, A. W. Webb, F. H. Fielding, E. J. Fishbein, E. F. GP IEEE TI TROPOSPHERIC CORRECTION FOR INSAR USING INTERPOLATED ECMWF DATA AND GPS ZENITH TOTAL DELAY FROM THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA INTEGRATED GPS NETWORK SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE InSAR; tropospheric correction; GPS; zenith total delay; stretched boundary layer model; ECMWF ID RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE; SURFACE AB A tropospheric correction method for Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) was developed using profiles from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) from the Global Positioning System (GPS). The ECMWF data were interpolated into a finer grid with the Stretched Boundary Layer Model (SBLM) using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with a horizontal resolution of 1 arcsecond. The output were converted into ZTD and combined with the GPS ZTD in order to achieve tropospheric correction maps utilizing both the high spatial resolution of the SBLM and the high accuracy of the GPS. These maps were evaluated for three InSAR images, with short temporal baselines (implying no surface deformation), from Envisat during 2006 on an area stretching northeast from the Los Angeles basin towards Death Valley. The RMS in the InSAR images was greatly reduced, up to 32%, when using the tropospheric corrections. Two of the residuals showed a constant gradient over the area, suggesting a remaining orbit error. This error was reduced by reprocessing the troposphere corrected InSAR images with the result of an overall RMS reduction of 15 - 68%. C1 [Lofgren, J. S.; Bjorndahl, F.] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, Onsala Space Observ, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden. [Moore, A. W.; Webb, F. H.; Fielding, E. J.; Fishbein, E. F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lofgren, JS (reprint author), Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, Onsala Space Observ, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden. RI Fielding, Eric/A-1288-2007; OI Fielding, Eric/0000-0002-6648-8067; Lofgren, Johan/0000-0003-0884-2424 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4503 EP 4506 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649888 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804169 ER PT S AU Park, JD Ou, ML Morris, KR Schwaller, MR AF Park, Jun-Dong Ou, Mi-Lim Morris, Kenneth R. Schwaller, Mathew R. GP IEEE TI COMPARISONS OF RAIN RATE AND REFLECTIVITY BETWEEN TRMM PRECIPITATION RADAR AND GOSAN S-BAND RADAR SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE GPM; Ground Validation; TRMM; Radar ID VALIDATION AB As a part of GPM joint Ground Validation (GV) projects with the US and international partnership, one of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) S-band radar at Gosan, Jeju Island, South Korea has been selected in the Validation Network (VN). It performs the match-up of TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR) data with the ground-based radar (GR) during August 2006 to May 2008 for the rain events on criteria of a least 25% overlap of the PR swath and 25% or more of the points in the overlap area indicating rain certain in the PR data. 60 events with these criteria during the period have been selected to compare the reflectivity only over 18 dBZ from both radars. Overall comparisons between GR and PR reflectivity roughly 1.37 dBZ low bias over 163,586 points. The results came out good quality and recently asked the TRMM Precipitation Processing Systems (PPS) to add the site to the daily TRMM site overpass coincidence table (CT) product. Rain rate comparisons between GR and PR show PR over estimate the rain rate in these events. C1 [Park, Jun-Dong] Korea Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Satellite Ctr, Jincheon, South Korea. [Ou, Mi-Lim] Korea Meteorol Adm, Natl Inst Meteorol Res, Seoul, South Korea. [Morris, Kenneth R.; Schwaller, Mathew R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Park, JD (reprint author), Korea Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Satellite Ctr, Jincheon, South Korea. FU National Institute of Meteorological Research (NIMR) at KMA FX This study was supported by "Research for the Meteorological Observation Technology and Its Application" of National Institute of Meteorological Research (NIMR) at KMA NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4698 EP 4700 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5649965 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804219 ER PT S AU Lavalle, M Simard, M Pottier, E Solimini, D AF Lavalle, M. Simard, M. Pottier, E. Solimini, D. GP IEEE TI POLINSAR FORESTRY APPLICATIONS IMPROVED BY MODELING HEIGHT-DEPENDENT TEMPORAL DECORRELATION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Synthetic aperture radar; polarimetry; interferometry; decorrelation ID POLARIMETRIC SAR INTERFEROMETRY; RADAR AB We model the temporal decorrelation in volumetric media imaged by a repeat-pass SAR interferometer by using a temporal correlation function that varies with depth. An expression of this function is proposed and based on the Brownian motion of the canopy and soil elements. The spatial and temporal correlation terms are merged in a single coherence model that includes a large class of decorrelation effects, such as those induced by changes in the structure of the medium. We discuss the effects of the temporal correlation function and its implications on the parameters estimation using the POLIN-SAR random volume over ground model. C1 [Lavalle, M.; Simard, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Pottier, E.] Univ Rennes 1, IETR Lab, F-35014 Rennes, France. [Solimini, D.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, DISP Dept, I-00173 Rome, Italy. RP Lavalle, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Simard, Marc/0000-0002-9442-4562 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Oak Ridge Associated Universities FX This research was conducted at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Oak Ridge Associated Universities. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4772 EP 4775 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651313 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804238 ER PT S AU Vega, M Carswell, J Chandrasekar, V Schwaller, M Mishra, KV AF Vega, Manuel Carswell, James Chandrasekar, V. Schwaller, Mathew Mishra, Kumar Vijay GP IEEE TI REALIZATION OF THE NASA DUAL-FREQUENCY DUAL-POLARIZED DOPPLER RADAR (D3R) SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE GPM GV; D3R; dual-frequency radar; dual-polarized radar; solid-state transmitter AB This paper describes some of the novel technologies adopted in the realization of the NASA Dual-frequency Dual-polarized Doppler Radar (D3R) system for to be used by the GPM ground validation program. A description of the transceivers and major trades that lead to a solid-state architecture is presented. Other aspects enabling the design such as the waveform design and generation and the digital receiver is also described. Data measured from a similar power amplifier was used to estimate the expected range side lobe performance. An estimate of the expected sensitivity based on the transceiver parameters also presented. C1 [Vega, Manuel; Chandrasekar, V.; Mishra, Kumar Vijay] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Carswell, James] Remote Sensing Solut, Barnstable, MA USA. [Vega, Manuel; Schwaller, Mathew] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Vega, M (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU NASA Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) project FX This work is sponsored by the NASA Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) project NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4815 EP 4818 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5653929 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804249 ER PT J AU Chan, S Njoku, E Dunbar, S AF Chan, Steven Njoku, Eni Dunbar, Scott GP IEEE TI FORWARD SIMULATIONS OF PASSIVE MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS FOR THE SOIL MOISTURE ACTIVE PASSIVE (SMAP) MISSION SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE SMAP; soil moisture; freeze-thaw; L-band; synergy AB In this paper, we describe our approach to simulate realistic L-band brightness temperatures to be measured by the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission. These realistic simulated measurements are crucial because they provide a quantitative basis by which we develop and improve our pre-launch retrieval algorithms for soil moisture at 9-km and 36-km spatial scales. C1 [Chan, Steven; Njoku, Eni; Dunbar, Scott] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chan, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 4839 EP 4842 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650752 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933804255 ER PT S AU Schuet, SR Timucin, DA Wheeler, KR AF Schuet, Stefan R. Timucin, Dogan A. Wheeler, Kevin R. GP IEEE TI A Model-Based Probabilistic Inversion Framework for Wire Fault Detection Using TDR SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE I2MTC 2010, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 03-06, 2010 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE ID REFLECTOMETRY; LOCATION AB Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is one of the standard methods for diagnosing faults in electrical wiring and interconnect systems, with a long-standing history focused mainly on hardware development of both high-fidelity systems for laboratory use and portable hand-held devices for field deployment. While these devices can easily assess distance to hard faults such as sustained opens or shorts, their ability to assess subtle but important degradation such as chafing remains an open question. This paper presents a unified framework for TDR-based chafing fault detection in lossy coaxial cables by combining an S-parameter based forward modeling approach with a probabilistic ( Bayesian) inference algorithm. Results are presented for the estimation of nominal and faulty cable parameters from laboratory data. C1 [Schuet, Stefan R.; Timucin, Dogan A.; Wheeler, Kevin R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Schuet, SR (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-2833-5 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTS80 UT WOS:000287997200084 ER PT S AU Clark, K Magner, T Lisano, M Pappalardo, R AF Clark, Karla Magner, Thomas Lisano, Michael Pappalardo, Robert GP IEEE TI Engineering a Solution to Jupiter Exploration SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SOI CONFERENCE SE IEEE International SOI Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Silicon on Insulator (SOI) Conference CY OCT 11-14, 2010 CL San Diego, CA C1 [Clark, Karla; Lisano, Michael; Pappalardo, Robert] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Magner, Thomas] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Clark, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM karla.b.clark@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1078-621X BN 978-1-4244-9128-5 J9 IEEE INT SOI CONF PY 2010 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BTM85 UT WOS:000287366100001 ER PT J AU Abu-Surra, S Divsalar, D Ryan, WE AF Abu-Surra, Shadi Divsalar, Dariush Ryan, William E. GP IEEE TI On the Typical Minimum Distance of Protograph-Based Generalized LDPC Codes SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY SE IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY JUL 13-13, 2010 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE ID PARITY-CHECK CODES; ENSEMBLES; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Protograph-based generalized LDPC (GLDPC) codes have the advantages of a simple design procedure and highly structured encoders and decoders. Recently, a technique for computing ensemble weight enumerators for GLDPC codes has been published. In the current paper, we investigate the existence of typical minimum distance for protograph-based GLDPC codes. That is, we first upper bound the ensemble weight enumerators for finite-length GLDPC codes based on protographs, and then we consider the sum of weight enumerators. The results allow us to determine whether or not the typical minimum distance in the ensemble grows linearly with codeword length. We provide conditions on the connections of degree-2 variable nodes to constraint nodes (short block codes) to have typical minimum distance. These conditions are related to the minimum distances of the constraint nodes. C1 [Abu-Surra, Shadi] Samsung Telecommun Amer, Richardson, TX 75082 USA. [Divsalar, Dariush] California Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Ryan, William E.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Abu-Surra, S (reprint author), Samsung Telecommun Amer, Richardson, TX 75082 USA. EM sasurra@sta.samsung.com; Dariush.Divsalar@jpl.nasa.gov; ryan@ece.arizona.edu FU NASA Goddard Space Flight Center [NNX09AL75G] FX This research was supported in part by grant NNX09AL75G from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. This research in part was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6960-4 J9 IEEE INT SYMP INFO PY 2010 BP 719 EP 723 DI 10.1109/ISIT.2010.5513600 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO49 UT WOS:000287512700145 ER PT J AU Thuy, VN Nosratinia, A Divsalar, D AF Thuy Van Nguyen Nosratinia, Aria Divsalar, Dariush GP IEEE TI Bilayer Protograph Codes for Half-Duplex Relay Channels SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY SE IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY JUL 13-13, 2010 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE ID PARITY-CHECK CODES; LDPC CODES; DESIGN AB This paper presents a high-performing LDPC code for the relay channel that addresses simultaneously two important issues: a code structure that allows low encoding complexity, and a flexible rate-compatible code that allows matching to various channel conditions. Most of the previous high-performance LDPC codes for the relay channel are tightly optimized for a given channel quality and are not easily adapted, without extensive re-optimization, for various channel conditions. This paper presents a code for the relay channel that combines structured design and easy encoding with rate compatibility to allow adaptation to the three links involved in the relay channel, and furthermore offers very good performance. The proposed code is constructed by synthesizing a bilayer structure with a protograph. In addition to the contribution to relay encoding, we also produce an improved family of protograph codes for the point-to-point AWGN channel whose high-rate members enjoy thresholds that are within 0.07 dB of capacity. C1 [Thuy Van Nguyen; Nosratinia, Aria] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Divsalar, Dariush] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Thuy, VN (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. EM nvanthuy@utdallas.edu; aria@utdallas.edu; divsalar@jpl.nasa.gov RI Nosratinia, Aria/B-2753-2013 OI Nosratinia, Aria/0000-0002-3751-0165 FU Ministry of Education and Training, Vietnam; California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA FX This research was supported in part by the VOSP program from the Ministry of Education and Training, Vietnam. This research in part was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6960-4 J9 IEEE INT SYMP INFO PY 2010 BP 948 EP 952 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO49 UT WOS:000287512700190 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Sharma, N Johnson, M Dixon, WE AF Wang, Q. Sharma, N. Johnson, M. Dixon, W. E. GP IEEE TI Adaptive Inverse Optimal Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTELLIGENT CONTROL SE IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications Part of 2010 IEEE Multi-Conference on Systems and Control CY SEP 08-10, 2010 CL Yokohama, JAPAN ID FEEDBACK-CONTROL; SYSTEMS; MUSCLE; SPACECRAFT; TRACKING; TORQUE; MODEL AB Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) (also described as functional electrical stimulation (FES) in some scenarios) is a prescribed treatment for various neuromuscular disorders where an electrical stimulus is provided to elicit a muscle contraction. Barriers to the development of NMES controllers exist because the muscle response to an electrical stimulation is nonlinear and the muscle model is uncertain. Several recent adaptive control results have been developed to enable a stimulated limb to track a desired limb trajectory. Yet, feedback methods (especially adaptive and robust methods) have a potential for overstimulation that can lead to faster muscle fatigue. Efforts in this paper focus on the development of a first ever inverse optimal NMES controller that yields an optimal limb tracking result. That is, a controller is designed that achieves desired limb trajectory tracking while simultaneously minimizing a cost functional that is positive in the error states and stimulation input. The inverse optimal controller is examined through a Lyapunov-based analysis and simulations. C1 [Wang, Q.; Dixon, W. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Sharma, N.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Johnson, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM qiangw@ufl.edu; nitinsharma@ufl.edu; marc1518@ufl.edu; wdixon@ufl.edu OI Sharma, Nitin/0000-0003-1872-0156 FU NSF CAREER [CMS-0547448]; NSF [0901491] FX This research is supported in part by the NSF CAREER award CMS-0547448 and NSF award number 0901491. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5361-0 J9 IEEE INT SYMP INTELL PY 2010 BP 1287 EP 1292 DI 10.1109/ISIC.2010.5612877 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTS39 UT WOS:000287970400024 ER PT S AU Sherrit, S Masys, AJ Wiederick, HD Mukherjee, BK AF Sherrit, S. Masys, A. J. Wiederick, H. D. Mukherjee, B. K. GP IEEE TI Determination of the Reduced Matrix of the Piezoelectric, Dielectric and Elastic Material Constants for a Piezoelectric Material with C-infinity Symmetry SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS (ISAF) SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on the Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF) CY AUG 09-12, 2010 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP IEEE DE piezoelectric; dielectric; elastic; material constants; complex coefficients ID IMAGINARY MATERIAL CONSTANTS; REAL; COEFFICIENTS; RESONATOR; CERAMICS AB We present a procedure for determining the reduced piezoelectric, dielectric and elastic coefficients for a C-infinity material, including losses, from a single disk sample. Measurements have been made on a Navy III PZT (Channel 5804) ceramic sample and the reduced matrix of coefficients for this material is presented. C1 [Sherrit, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wiederick, H. D.; Mukherjee, B. K.] Royal Mil Coll Canada, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada. [Masys, A. J.] RCMP, Ctr Secur Sci, Def R&D Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Sherrit, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ssherrit@jp1.nasa.gov; mukherjee@rmc.ca FU Defence Research and Development Canada FX Funding support from Defence Research and Development Canada is gratefully acknowledged. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-8191-0 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BTS40 UT WOS:000287971700022 ER PT S AU Bhasin, K Barritt, B Golden, B Knoblock, E Matthews, S Warner, J AF Bhasin, Kul Barritt, Brian Golden, Bert Knoblock, Eric Matthews, Seth Warner, Joe GP IEEE TI Developing Systems Engineering Skills Through NASA Summer Intern Project SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS CONFERENCE SE Annual IEEE Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Systems Conference CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Syst Council, Int Council Syst Engn DE space; communication; networking; simulation; systems engineering; education; integration; interns AB During the Formulation phases of the NASA Project Life Cycle, communication systems engineers are responsible for designing space communication links and analyzing their performance to ensure that the proposed communication architecture is capable of satisfying high-level mission requirements. Senior engineers with extensive experience in communications systems perform these activities. However, the increasing complexity of space systems coupled with the current shortage of communications systems engineers has led to an urgent need for expedited training of new systems engineers. A pilot program, in which college-bound high school and undergraduate students studying various engineering disciplines are immersed in NASA's systems engineering practices, was conceived out of this need. This rapid summer-long training approach is feasible because of the availability of advanced software and technology tools and the students' inherent ability to operate such tools. During this pilot internship program, a team of college-level and recently-hired engineers configured and utilized various software applications in the design and analysis of communication links for a plausible lunar sortie mission. The approach taken was to first design the direct-to-Earth communication links for the lunar mission elements, then to design the links between lunar surface and lunar orbital elements. Based on the data obtained from these software applications, an integrated communication system design was realized and the students gained valuable systems engineering knowledge. This paper describes this approach to rapidly training college-bound high school and undergraduate engineering students from various disciplines in NASA's systems engineering practices and tools. A summary of the potential use of NASA's emerging systems engineering internship program in broader applications is also described. C1 [Bhasin, Kul] NASA, Space Operat Project Off, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Barritt, Brian; Matthews, Seth] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, DB Consulting Grp Inc, Cleveland, OH USA. [Golden, Bert; Knoblock, Eric; Warner, Joe] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Bhasin, K (reprint author), NASA, Space Operat Project Off, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM kul.b.bhasin@nasa.gov; brian.barritt@nasa.gov; bertsel.golden@nasa.gov; eric.j.knoblock@nasa.gov; seth.matthews@nasa.gov; joseph.d.warner@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-7620 BN 978-1-4244-5883-7 J9 ANN IEEE SYST CONF PY 2010 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1109/SYSTEMS.2010.5482452 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BH0DQ UT WOS:000394671800008 ER PT S AU Barritt, B Bhasin, K Eddy, W Matthews, S AF Barritt, Brian Bhasin, Kul Eddy, Wesley Matthews, Seth GP IEEE TI Unified Approach to Modeling & Simulation of Space Communication Networks and Systems SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS CONFERENCE SE Annual IEEE Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Systems Conference CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Syst Council, Int Council Syst Engn DE space; communication; systems; networking; simulation; modeling; QualNet; STK; integration; space networks AB Network simulator software tools are often used to model the behaviors and interactions of applications, protocols, packets, and data links in terrestrial communication networks. Other software tools that model the physics, orbital dynamics, and RF characteristics of space systems have matured to allow for rapid, detailed analysis of space communication links. However, the absence of a unified toolset that integrates the two modeling approaches has encumbered the systems engineers tasked with the design, architecture, and analysis of complex space communication networks and systems. This paper presents the unified approach and describes the motivation, challenges, and our solution -the customization of the network simulator to integrate with astronautical analysis software tools for highfidelity end-to-end simulation. C1 [Barritt, Brian; Matthews, Seth] NASA, DB Consulting Grp Inc, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Bhasin, Kul] NASA, Space Operat Project Ofc, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Eddy, Wesley] NASA, MTI Syst, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Barritt, B (reprint author), NASA, DB Consulting Grp Inc, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM brian.barritt@nasa.gov; kul.b.bhasin@nasa.gov; wesley.m.eddy@nasa.gov; seth.matthews@nasa.gov FU Development of the GEMINI toolset; NASA's Space Communication and Navigation (SCaN) Program FX Development of the GEMINI toolset was funded and supported by NASA's Space Communication and Navigation (SCaN) Program. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-7620 BN 978-1-4244-5883-7 J9 ANN IEEE SYST CONF PY 2010 BP 133 EP 136 DI 10.1109/SYSTEMS.2010.5482493 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BH0DQ UT WOS:000394671800023 ER PT S AU Wollack, EJ U-Yen, K Chuss, DT AF Wollack, Edward J. U-Yen, Kongpop Chuss, David T. GP IEEE TI Photonic Choke-Joints for Dual-Polarization Waveguides SO 2010 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST (MTT) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest CY MAY 23-28, 2010 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE DE Antenna feeds; periodic structures; waveguide mounts; component packaging; waveguides AB Photonic choke joint (PCJ) structures for dual-polarization waveguides have been investigated for use in device and component packaging. This interface enables the realization of a high performance non-contacting waveguide joint without degrading the in-band signal propagation properties. The choke properties of two tiling approaches, symmetric square Cartesian and octagonal quasi-crystal lattices of metallic posts, are explored and optimal PCJ design parameters are presented. For each of these schemes, the experimental results for structures with finite tilings demonstrate near ideal transmission and reflection performance over a full waveguide band. C1 [Wollack, Edward J.; U-Yen, Kongpop; Chuss, David T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wollack, EJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-6057-1 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2010 BP 177 EP 180 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTV71 UT WOS:000288196500047 ER PT S AU Micovic, M Kurdoghlian, A Shinohara, K Burnham, S Hu, IMM Corrion, A Fung, A Lin, R Samoska, L Kangaslahti, P Lambrigtsen, B Goldsmith, P Wong, WS Schmitz, A Hashimoto, P Willadsen, PJ Chow, DH AF Micovic, M. Kurdoghlian, A. Shinohara, K. Burnham, S. Hu, I. Milosavljevic M. Corrion, A. Fung, A. Lin, R. Samoska, L. Kangaslahti, P. Lambrigtsen, B. Goldsmith, P. Wong, W. S. Schmitz, A. Hashimoto, P. Willadsen, P. J. Chow, D. H. GP IEEE TI W-Band GaN MMIC with 842 mW Output Power at 88 GHz SO 2010 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST (MTT) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest CY MAY 23-28, 2010 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE DE W-band; MMIC; GaN; power amplifiers; millimeter-wave; solid state power amplifiers AB We report W-band GaN MMIC's that produce 96% more power at a frequency of 88 GHz in continuous wave (CW) operation than the highest power reported in this frequency band for the best competing solid state technology(I), the InP HEMT. W-band power module containing a single three stage GaN MMIC chip with 600 Jlm wide output stage produced over 842 mW of output power in CW-mode, with associated PAE of 14.7% and associated power gain of 9.3 dB. This performance was measured at MMIC drain bias of 14 V. C1 [Micovic, M.; Kurdoghlian, A.; Shinohara, K.; Burnham, S.; Hu, I. Milosavljevic M.; Corrion, A.; Wong, W. S.; Schmitz, A.; Hashimoto, P.; Willadsen, P. J.; Chow, D. H.] HRL Labs LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Rd, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. [Fung, A.; Lin, R.; Samoska, L.; Kangaslahti, P.; Lambrigtsen, B.; Goldsmith, P.] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena 91109, CA USA. RP Micovic, M (reprint author), HRL Labs LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Rd, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. EM mmicovic@hrl.com FU HRL under HRL's internal research and development FX W-band GaN MMlC design, fabrication and small signal characterization reported in this study was performed at HRL under HRL's internal research and development funding. The authors would like to thank Dr. William Jeffrey and Dr. Conilee Kirkpatrick for their support. The WR-1O power module containing HRL GaN MMIC reported in this study was built and characterized at the JPL, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 7 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-6057-1 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2010 BP 237 EP 239 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTV71 UT WOS:000288196500062 ER PT S AU Amadjikpe, AL Choudhury, D Ponchak, GE Papapolymerou, J AF Amadjikpe, Arnaud L. Choudhury, Debabani Ponchak, George E. Papapolymerou, John GP IEEE TI Highly Directive Package-Integrated Dipole Arrays for Low-Cost 60-GHz Front End Modules SO 2010 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST (MTT) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest CY MAY 23-28, 2010 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE DE 60-GHz; directive antennas; dipole antenna; dipole arrays; packaging ID ANTENNA AB Package-integrated highly directive dipole antenna and dipole array with an original feeding technique are presented. The proposed design features excitation of low-cost organic-based substrate elevated directive dipoles with vias. A miniature substrate embedded feed network is provided for direct via interconnection between the antenna and a chip embedded in the same stack-up. The simulated single dipole (10 x 10 x 0.635 mm(3)) exhibits more than 11 GHz bandwidth (56 to 67+ GHz), 7.83 dBi peak directivity, and 91.7% efficiency. A prototype of an 8-element dipole array (22 x 11 x 0.635 mm(3)) is measured and exhibits 8 GHz bandwidth (56.6 to 64.6 GHz), 15.1 dBi peak gain at 61 GHz, and 75 to 83% estimated efficiency. C1 [Amadjikpe, Arnaud L.; Papapolymerou, John] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. [Choudhury, Debabani] Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 95051 USA. [Ponchak, George E.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Amadjikpe, AL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. FU Intel Corporation, USA FX This work was supported by Intel Corporation, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-6057-1 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2010 BP 348 EP 351 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTV71 UT WOS:000288196500090 ER PT S AU Kangaslahti, P Pukala, D Gaier, T Tanner, A O'Dwyer, I Lambrigtsen, B Mei, XB Lai, R AF Kangaslahti, Pekka Pukala, David Gaier, Todd Tanner, Alan O'Dwyer, Ian Lambrigtsen, Bjorn Mei, Xiaobing Lai, Richard GP IEEE TI Miniature Low Noise G-band I-Q Receiver SO 2010 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST (MTT) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest CY MAY 23-28, 2010 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE DE high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs); indium phosphide; millimeter wave field-effect transistor (FET) amplifiers; monolithic millimeter wave integrated low noise amplifier; MMIC receiver; I-Q receiver ID GHZ; AMPLIFIER; INPHEMT; SOUNDER AB Weather forecasting, hurricane tracking and atmospheric science applications depend on humidity sounding of atmosphere. Current instruments provide these measurements from ground based, airborne and LEO satellites by measuring radiometric temperature on the flanks of the 183 GHz water vapor line. We have developed miniature low noise receivers that will enable these measurements from a geostationary thinned array sounder. This geostationary instrument is based on hundreds of low noise receivers that convert the 180 GHz signal directly to baseband in-phase and quadrature signals for digitization and correlation. The developed receivers provided a noise temperature of 450 K from 165 to 183 GHz (NF=4.1 dB) and had a mass of 3 g while consuming 24 mW of power. These are the most sensitive broadband I-Q receivers at this frequency range that operate at room temperature, and are significantly lower in mass and power consumption than previously reported receivers. C1 [Kangaslahti, Pekka; Pukala, David; Gaier, Todd; Tanner, Alan; O'Dwyer, Ian; Lambrigtsen, Bjorn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mei, Xiaobing; Lai, Richard] Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Kangaslahti, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU NASA Earth Science Technology Office Advanced Component Technologies ACT- 05 program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported by the by the NASA Earth Science Technology Office Advanced Component Technologies ACT- 05 program. This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and was sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-6057-1 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2010 BP 497 EP 500 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTV71 UT WOS:000288196500127 ER PT S AU Pearson, JC AF Pearson, John C. GP IEEE TI Sub-millimeter and Far-Infrared Technology in the Herschel Space Observatory and Beyond SO 2010 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST (MTT) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest CY MAY 23-28, 2010 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE DE Satellites; Submillimeter wave radiometry; Submillimeter wave receivers; Photometry; Spectroscopy ID PHOTOCONDUCTOR ARRAYS; BOLOMETER ARRAYS; SPIRE INSTRUMENT; THZ; DESIGN; POWER; BAND; 1ST; CAPABILITIES; CHAIN AB The electromagnetic spectrum at wavelengths longer than 50 microns (similar to 6 THz), contains approximately half the total power emitted in the Universe since the big bang. Additionally, the spectral region also contains the boundary between the dust being optically thick and optically thin, as well as numerous transitions of atoms and molecules which can be used to study the physical, chemical and structural details of the interstellar medium. The majority of this spectral region is completely obscured from the surface of the Earth, due to absorption of water vapor in the atmosphere. The space environment offers a unique opportunity to observe the far infrared sky without atmospheric opacity or excess thermal emission. The Herschel Space Observatory is the first major facility operating in the far infrared. The Herschel instruments and their technology and optimization are presented along with a brief outline of the future developments needed in far infrared space sensors for astrophysics. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pearson, JC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 301-429,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-6057-1 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2010 BP 824 EP 827 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTV71 UT WOS:000288196500209 ER PT S AU Simons, RN Force, DA Spitsen, PC Menninger, WL Robbins, NR Dibb, DR Todd, PC AF Simons, Rainee N. Force, Dale A. Spitsen, Paul C. Menninger, William L. Robbins, Neal R. Dibb, Daniel R. Todd, Phillip C. GP IEEE TI High-Efficiency K-Band Space Traveling-Wave Tube Amplifier for Near-Earth High Data Rate Communications SO 2010 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST (MTT) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest CY MAY 23-28, 2010 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE DE Amplifiers; microwave power amplifiers; traveling-wave tubes (TWTs); satellite communication; transmitters AB The RF performance of a new K-Band helix conduction cooled traveling-wave tube amplifier (TWTA), is presented in this paper. A total of three such units were manufactured, tested and delivered. The first unit is currently flying onboard NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft and has flawlessly completed over 2000 orbits around the Moon. The second unit is a proto-night model. The third unit will fly onboard NASA's International Space Station (ISS) as a very compact and lightweight transmitter package for the Communications, Navigation and Networking Reconfigurable Testbed (CoNNeCT), which is scheduled for launch in 2011. These TWTAs were characterized over the frequencies 25.5 to 25.8 GHz. The saturated RF output power is >40 W and the saturated RF gain is >46 dB. The saturated A M-to-PM conversion is 3.5 degrees/dB and the small signal gain ripple is 0.46 dB peak-to-peak. The overall efficiency of the TWTA, including that of the electronic power conditioner (EPC) is as high as 45%. C1 [Simons, Rainee N.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. L3 Commun Electron Technol Inc, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. RP Simons, RN (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-6057-1 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2010 BP 1400 EP 1403 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTV71 UT WOS:000288196501120 ER PT S AU Son, S de Nolfo, GA Dion, MP Hunter, SD Guardala, NA AF Son, Seunghee de Nolfo, Georgia A. Dion, M. P. Hunter, Stanley D. Guardala, Noel A. GP IEEE TI Neutron Imaging Camera SO 2010 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS)/Medical Imaging Conference (MIC)/17th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors CY OCT 30-NOV 06, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE ID DIFFUSION AB We describe the Neutron Imaging Camera (NIC) being developed for the detection of special nuclear material by NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and NSWC/Carderock. The NIC is a self-contained, robust, omnidirectional, and 3 He-independent neutron detector based on the Three-Dimensional Track Imager (3-DTI) technology developed at GSFC for gamma-ray astrophysics applications. The 3-DTI, a large volume, gas, time-projection chamber, provides accurate, similar to 0.4 mm resolution, 3-D tracking of charged particles. The incident direction of fast neutrons, 0.1 MeV < E-n < 10 MeV, are reconstructed from the momenta and energies of the protons resulting from single and double (n, p) scatters in methane (CH4). We present angular and energy resolution performance of the NIC derived from the field test at Ft. Monroe, VA in September 2010. C1 [Son, Seunghee; de Nolfo, Georgia A.; Hunter, Stanley D.] NASA, CRESST UMBC, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dion, M. P.; Guardala, Noel A.] Carderock Divi, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Son, S (reprint author), NASA, CRESST UMBC, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM seunghee.son@nasa.gov RI de Nolfo, Georgia/E-1500-2012; OI Dion, Michael/0000-0002-3030-0050 FU Office of Naval Research M-WMD-D program FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research M-WMD-D program. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-9106-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2010 BP 298 EP 301 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BBB94 UT WOS:000306402900063 ER PT S AU Santin, G Kang, SS Jun, I Nieminen, P Erd, C Wielders, A AF Santin, Giovanni Kang, Shawn S. Jun, Insoo Nieminen, Petteri Erd, Christian Wielders, Arno GP IEEE TI A Radiation Transport Code Benchmarking Study for the EJSM Mission SO 2010 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS)/Medical Imaging Conference (MIC)/17th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors CY OCT 30-NOV 06, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE AB A comparative study was executed of the performance of commonly used radiation transport tools in the predictive capability of the impact of the harsh electron-dominated radiation environment on spacecraft and payloads of the joint international Europa Jupiter System Mission. The effectiveness of multi-layered, graded shielding structures was analyzed and compared to the case of Earth orbits. C1 [Santin, Giovanni; Nieminen, Petteri] European Space Agcy, Space Environm & Effects Sect, Estec, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Erd, Christian; Wielders, Arno] European Space Agcy, Planetary & Solar Syst Explorat Stud Sect, Estec, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Kang, Shawn S.; Jun, Insoo] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Santin, G (reprint author), European Space Agcy, Space Environm & Effects Sect, Estec, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. EM Giovanni.Santin@esa.int; shawn.s.kang@jpl.nasa.gov; insoo.jun@jpl.nasa.gov; Petteri.Nieminen@esa.int; Christian.Erd@esa.int; Arno.Wielders@esa.int NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-9106-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2010 BP 718 EP 721 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BBB94 UT WOS:000306402900147 ER PT S AU Sierawski, BD Mendenhall, MH Weller, RA Reed, RA Adams, JH Watts, JW Barghouty, AF AF Sierawski, Brian D. Mendenhall, Marcus H. Weller, Robert A. Reed, Robert A. Adams, James H. Watts, John W. Barghouty, Abdulnasser F. GP IEEE TI CREME-MC: A Physics-Based Single Event Effects Tool SO 2010 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS)/Medical Imaging Conference (MIC)/17th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors CY OCT 30-NOV 06, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE DE CREME; Monte Carlo; single event upset; rate prediction ID RATE PREDICTION AB The CREME suite of tools have been extensively used to predict the effects of cosmic rays on microelectronics in space. These tools only consider electronic stopping of ions and nuclear reactions from protons on silicon. Ion-ion physics and the inclusion of additional electronic materials are required to predict large energy deposition events. The successor to the rate prediction tools, CREME-MC, is a Geant4 based application intended to address the challenges associated with highly-scaled or radiation-hardened devices. C1 [Sierawski, Brian D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Space & Def Elect, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Mendenhall, Marcus H.; Weller, Robert A.; Reed, Robert A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Adams, James H.; Watts, John W.; Barghouty, Abdulnasser F.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Sierawski, BD (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Space & Def Elect, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. EM brian.sierawski@vanderbilt.edu NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-9106-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2010 BP 1258 EP 1261 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BBB94 UT WOS:000306402901086 ER PT S AU Yoshikawa, A Nukariya, A Hamagaki, H Tamagawa, T Ueno, K Hayato, A Gunji, T Akimoto, R Hayashi, S Iwahashi, T Asami, F Ochi, A Oliveira, R AF Yoshikawa, A. Nukariya, A. Hamagaki, H. Tamagawa, T. Ueno, K. Hayato, A. Gunji, T. Akimoto, R. Hayashi, S. Iwahashi, T. Asami, F. Ochi, A. Oliveira, R. GP IEEE TI Development of Gas Electron Multipliers with Resistive Kapton Electrodes SO 2010 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS)/Medical Imaging Conference (MIC)/17th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors CY OCT 30-NOV 06, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE ID LASER ETCHING TECHNIQUE AB We successfully produced Resistive-Electrode GEM (RE-GEM) that was applied Resistive-Kapton to electrodes. We measured the gain curve of RE-GEM using an Fe-55 radioactive source in the gas mixture of Ar 70 % and CO2 30 %. We obtained the maximum gain of about 300 at an applied voltage of 740 V. C1 [Yoshikawa, A.; Tamagawa, T.; Ueno, K.; Iwahashi, T.; Asami, F.] RIKEN Inst Phys & Chem Res, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Yoshikawa, A.; Tamagawa, T.; Iwahashi, T.; Asami, F.] Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. [Nukariya, A.; Hamagaki, H.; Gunji, T.; Akimoto, R.; Hayashi, S.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, CNS, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Hayato, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Ochi, A.] Kobe Univ, Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. [Oliveira, R.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Yoshikawa, A (reprint author), RIKEN Inst Phys & Chem Res, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. EM aki-fumi@crab.riken.jp NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-9106-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2010 BP 1873 EP 1876 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BBB94 UT WOS:000306402902005 ER PT S AU Nowicki, S Bodnarik, J Evans, L Namkung, M Parsons, A Schweitzer, J Starr, R AF Nowicki, Suzanne Bodnarik, Julia Evans, Larry Namkung, Min Parsons, Ann Schweitzer, Jeffrey Starr, Richard GP IEEE TI Adaptation of Pixelated CdZnTe Gamma-Ray Imaging Technology for In Situ Planetary Science Applications SO 2010 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS)/Medical Imaging Conference (MIC)/17th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors CY OCT 30-NOV 06, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE DE CdZnTe; gamma-ray spectrometer; Monte Carlo simulation; charge sharing; planetary science ID DETECTORS AB It is important for planetary sciences to find a gamma-ray spectrometer that is compact, light and provides good energy resolution in an energy range that varies from similar to 30 keV to 10 MeV. Pixelated CdZnTe detector is a good candidate for this application due to its small volume, light weight and it has demonstrated good energy resolution below similar to 2-3 MeV. At higher energies, charge sharing effect becomes a problem due to the size of the pixel. In this paper, the electron cloud diameter as a function of energy has been studied using the MCNPX Monte Carlo code. In the energy range studied, the electron cloud size increases linearly with energy. The effect of charge sharing in a 2 x 2 x 1.5 cm(3) pixelated CdZnTe detector at 662 keV, 2.614 MeV and 7.631 MeV is shown. The anode is an 11 x 11 pixelated array with 1.72 mm pitch. The simulation reveals that the electron cloud size is about three times the size of the pixel pitch for an 8 MeV event. As the energy of the source increases, charge sharing effect is dominant and the charge cloud is collected by multiple pixels which reduces the spectral performance of the detector. C1 [Nowicki, Suzanne; Bodnarik, Julia; Evans, Larry; Namkung, Min; Parsons, Ann; Starr, Richard] NASA, Astrochem Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Schweitzer, Jeffrey] Univ Connecticut, Nucl Sci Lab, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Nowicki, S (reprint author), NASA, Astrochem Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM suzanne.f.nowicki@nasa.gov RI Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-9106-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2010 BP 3852 EP 3855 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BBB94 UT WOS:000306402904004 ER PT S AU Zaugg, E Long, D Edwards, M Fladeland, M Kolyer, R Crocker, I Maslanik, J Herzfeld, U Wallin, B AF Zaugg, Evan Long, David Edwards, Matthew Fladeland, Matthew Kolyer, Richard Crocker, Ian Maslanik, James Herzfeld, Ute Wallin, Bruce GP IEEE TI Using the MicroASAR on the NASA SIERRA UAS in the Characterization of Arctic Sea Ice Experiment SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID CLASSIFICATION; BARROW; SAR AB The MicroASAR is a flexible, robust SAR system built on the successful legacy of the BYU mu SAR. It is a compact LFM-CW SAR system designed for low-power operation on small, manned aircraft or UAS. The NASA SIERRA UAS was designed to test new instruments and support flight experiments. NASA used the MicroASAR on the SIERRA during a science field campaign in 2009 to study sea ice roughness and break-up in the Arctic and high northern latitudes. This mission is known as CASIE-09 (Characterization of Arctic Sea Ice Experiment 2009). This paper describes the MicroASAR and its role flying on the SIERRA UAS platform as part of CASIE-09. C1 [Zaugg, Evan; Long, David] Brigham Young Univ, 459 CB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Zaugg, Evan; Edwards, Matthew] ARTEMIS Inc, Hauppuge, NY 11788 USA. [Fladeland, Matthew; Kolyer, Richard] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Crocker, Ian; Maslanik, James] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, UCB431, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Herzfeld, Ute; Wallin, Bruce] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Zaugg, E (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, 459 CB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM zaugg@mers.byu.edu; matt@artemisinc.net; matthew.fladeland@nasa.gov; roger.crocker@colorado.edu; herzfeld@tryfan.colorado.edu RI Long, David/K-4908-2015 OI Long, David/0000-0002-1852-3972 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 271 EP 276 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494611 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500053 ER PT S AU Hensley, S Gurrola, E Harcke, L Slade, M Quirk, K Srinivasan, M Lee, C Yun, SH Jao, J Wilson, B De Jong, E Marechal, N Weintraub, L Dickinson, R Bloom, R Karamyan, G Lilje, A AF Hensley, Scott Gurrola, Eric Harcke, Leif Slade, Martin Quirk, Kevin Srinivasan, Meera Lee, Clement Yun, Sang-Ho Jao, Joseph Wilson, Barbara De Jong, Eric Marechal, Nick Weintraub, Lawrence Dickinson, Richard Bloom, Ronald Karamyan, Grant Lilje, Anneliese GP IEEE TI LUNAR TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING USING A NEW HIGH RESOLUTION MODE FOR THE GSSR RADAR SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Mapping the Moon's topography using Earth based radar interferometric measurements by the Goldstone Solar System Radar (GSSR) has been done several times since the mid 1990s. In 2008 we reported at this conference the generation of lunar topographic maps having approximately 4 m height accuracy at a horizontal posting of 40 m. Since then GSSR radar has been improved to allow 40 MHz bandwidth imaging and consequently obtained images and interferograms with a resolution of about 4 m in range by 5 m in azimuth. The long synthetic aperture times of approximately 90 minutes in duration necessitated a migration from range/Doppler image formation techniques to spotlight mode processing and auto-focusing methods. The improved resolution imagery should permit the generation of topographic maps with a factor of two better spatial resolution with about same height accuracy. Coupled the with the recent availability of new lidar topography maps of the lunar surface made by orbiting satellites of Japan and the United States the geodetic control of the radar generated maps products can be improved dramatically. This paper will discuss the hardware and software improvements made to the GSSR and present some of the new high resolution products. C1 [Hensley, Scott; Gurrola, Eric; Harcke, Leif; Slade, Martin; Quirk, Kevin; Srinivasan, Meera; Lee, Clement; Yun, Sang-Ho; Jao, Joseph; Wilson, Barbara; De Jong, Eric] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Marechal, Nick; Weintraub, Lawrence; Dickinson, Richard; Bloom, Ronald; Karamyan, Grant; Lilje, Anneliese] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Hensley, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM scott.hensley@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 464 EP 469 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494575 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500089 ER PT S AU Kim, S van Zyl, J McDonald, K Njoku, E AF Kim, Seungbum van Zyl, Jakob McDonald, Kyle Njoku, Eni GP IEEE TI Monitoring surface soil moisture and freeze-thaw state with the high-resolution radar of the Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) mission SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR; WET SOIL; MODEL; SYSTEM AB An approach is described for retrieving surface soil moisture and freeze/thaw state using 3-km resolution L-band radar data of the planned Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) mission. SMAP radar backscatter coefficients are simulated using radar scattering models and land surface hydrology model output generated over the contiguous United States (CONUS). A Monte-Carlo simulation is performed to assess the error budget of the soil moisture retrievals in the presence of radar measurement error and error in surface roughness. The estimated soil moisture retrieval accuracy is better than 0.06 cm(3)/cm(3) for vegetation water content less than 1.2 kg/m(2) and soil moisture in the range of 0 to 0.3 cm(3)/cm3(.) The retrieval performance improves if radar speckle is reduced by additional observations (e. g., including both fore-and aft-scan data). It is currently assumed that the surface roughness is known with 10% error, but a time-series method is under development to estimate the roughness. The surface freeze/thaw state retrieval is simulated using a surface hydrology process model forced with climatology. The simulation illustrates a SMAP daily composite freeze/thaw product derived using a time-series algorithm applied to the SMAP high-resolution radar data. C1 [Kim, Seungbum; van Zyl, Jakob; McDonald, Kyle; Njoku, Eni] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seungbum.kim@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 735 EP 739 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494523 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500139 ER PT S AU Harcke, L Weintraub, L Yun, SH Dickinson, R Gurrola, E Hensley, S Marechal, N AF Harcke, Leif Weintraub, Lawrence Yun, Sang-Ho Dickinson, Richard Gurrola, Eric Hensley, Scott Marechal, Nicholas GP IEEE TI Spotlight-mode Synthetic Aperture Radar Processing for High-Resolution Lunar Mapping SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB During the 2008-2009 year, the Goldstone Solar System Radar was upgraded to support radar mapping of the lunar poles at 4 m resolution. The finer resolution of the new system and the accompanying migration through resolution cells called for spotlight, rather than delay-Doppler, imaging techniques. A new pre-processing system supports fast-time Doppler removal and motion compensation to a point. Two spotlight imaging techniques which compensate for phase errors due to i) out of focus-plane motion of the radar and ii) local topography, have been implemented and tested. One is based on the polar format algorithm followed by a unique autofocus technique, the other is a full bistatic time-domain backprojection technique. The processing system yields imagery of the specified resolution. Products enabled by this new system include topographic mapping through radar interferometry, and change detection techniques (amplitude and coherent change) for geolocation of the NASA LCROSS mission impact site. C1 [Harcke, Leif; Yun, Sang-Ho; Gurrola, Eric; Hensley, Scott] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Weintraub, Lawrence; Dickinson, Richard; Marechal, Nicholas] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Harcke, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM leif.j.harcke@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA [NAS7-03001, NMO0711046]; The Aerospace Corporation FX This work was performed under NASA contract NAS7-03001 task order NMO0711046. The Jet Propulsion aboratory is operated by the California Institute of Technology under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors would also like to thank The Aerospace Corporation for supporting this work through its Independent Research and Development program. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 1260 EP 1264 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494426 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500238 ER PT S AU Kwoun, OI Cuddy, D Leung, K Callahan, P Crichton, D Mattmann, CA Freeborn, D AF Kwoun, Oh-ig Cuddy, David Leung, Kon Callahan, Philip Crichton, Dan Mattmann, Chris A. Freeborn, Dana GP IEEE TI A Science Data System Approach for the DESDynI Mission SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Amongst the many key challenges to the Science Data System (SDS) for the DESDynI (Deformation, Eco-system Structure, and Dynamics of Ice) mission is the exceptionally large data volume (on the order of 5 tera-byte per day) acquired by the radar and the consequent huge volume of data products produced (on the order of 16 peta-bytes per year). This paper presents an SDS conceptual approach to effectively and efficiently support the mission. The features of this SDS approach include: 1) A modular functional architecture that is based on the proven Object Oriented Data Technology (OODT) based framework, 2) the application of a Testbed Concept that facilitates the morphing of scientific algorithms to operational codes, and 3) innovative data staging, storage and backup strategies. This SDS approach is expected to form a strong basis for helping DESDynI achieve its many science goals and objectives. C1 [Kwoun, Oh-ig; Cuddy, David; Leung, Kon; Callahan, Philip; Crichton, Dan; Mattmann, Chris A.; Freeborn, Dana] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kwoun, OI (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM kwoun@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 1265 EP 1269 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494423 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500239 ER PT S AU Rosen, PA Hensley, S Chen, C AF Rosen, Paul A. Hensley, Scott Chen, Curtis GP IEEE TI Measurement and Mitigation of the Ionosphere in L-band Interferometric SAR Data SO 2010 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Satellite-based repeat-pass Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) provides a synoptic high spatial resolution perspective of Earth's changing surface, permitting one to view large areas quickly and efficiently. By measuring relative phase change from one observation to the next on a pixel-by-pixel basis, maps of deformation and change can be derived. Variability of the atmosphere and the ionosphere leads to phase/time delays that are present in the data that can mask many of the subtle deformation signatures of interest, so methods for mitigation of these effects are important. Many of these effects have been observed in existing ALOS PALSAR data [1], and studies are underway to characterize and mitigate the ionosphere using these data. Since the ionosphere is a dispersive medium, it is possible in principle distinguish the ionospheric signatures from the non-dispersive effects of deformation and the atmosphere. In this paper, we describe a method for mapping the ionosphere in InSAR data based on a multi-frequency split-spectrum processing technique. We examine a number of PALSAR data sets, including fully polarimetric and single-polarization 28 MHz bandwidth data, where anomalous effects in phase, amplitude and image registration have been observed. We demonstrate the estimation of the ionosphere by means of the split spectrum technique for estimating differential TEC, whereby a radar waveform is transmitted over the full PALSAR spectral band and widely separated portions of the receive spectrum are processed independently and compared for dispersive effects, and quantify its performance. C1 [Rosen, Paul A.; Hensley, Scott; Chen, Curtis] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Radar Sci & Engn Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Rosen, PA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Radar Sci & Engn Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Paul.A.Rosen@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-5812-7 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2010 BP 1459 EP 1463 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494385 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTO60 UT WOS:000287532500278 ER PT S AU LaMeres, B Kaiser, T Gowens, E Buerkle, T Price, J Helsley, K Peterson, B Ray, R AF LaMeres, Brock Kaiser, Todd Gowens, Eric Buerkle, Todd Price, Jeff Helsley, Kevin Peterson, Brian Ray, Robert, Jr. GP IEEE TI Position Sensitive Radiation Detector Integrated with an FPGA for Radiation Tolerant Computing SO 2010 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL Kona, HI SP IEEE ID SILICON; TRACKING; READOUT AB A position sensitive radiation sensor was modeled, developed and fabricated then interfaced with a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to create a radiation hardened computing platform. The system exploits environmental information from the sensor in order to determine regions within the FPGA that may have been affected by radiation. The spatial radiation sensor provides the computer system with the location of radiation strikes. This information is used by the computer system to avoid and repair effected circuits on the programmable fabric. By giving the recovery circuitry insight into the location where a fault may have occurred, the latency between detection of a fault and repair can be reduced. This provides an additional level of reliability by more efficiently detecting and correcting faults in SRAM-based FPGAs faults compared to the traditional voting and sequential search approaches. C1 [LaMeres, Brock; Kaiser, Todd; Gowens, Eric; Buerkle, Todd; Price, Jeff; Helsley, Kevin; Peterson, Brian] Montana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Ray, Robert, Jr.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Jacobs Engn Grp, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA. RP LaMeres, B (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. FU NASA EPSCoR; NASA Advanced Avionics and Processor Systems (AAPS) FX The authors would like to thank the Montana Space Grant Consortium and NASA EPSCoR for supporting this work. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Andrew S. Keys of the NASA Advanced Avionics and Processor Systems (AAPS) project for overseeing of this research. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-8168-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2010 BP 208 EP 213 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2010.5690418 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTS59 UT WOS:000287982100045 ER PT S AU Ryan, MA Manatt, KS Gluck, S Shevade, AV Kisor, AK Zhou, H Lara, LM Homer, ML AF Ryan, M. A. Manatt, K. S. Gluck, S. Shevade, A. V. Kisor, A. K. Zhou, H. Lara, L. M. Homer, M. L. GP IEEE TI The JPL Electronic Nose: Monitoring Air in the US Lab on the International Space Station SO 2010 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL Kona, HI SP IEEE ID SENSORS AB An electronic nose with a sensor array of 32 conductometric sensors has been developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to monitor breathing air in spacecraft habitat. The Third Generation ENose is designed to operate in the environment of the U. S. Lab on the International Space Station (ISS). It detects a selected group of analytes at target concentrations in the ppm regime at an environmental temperature range of 18 - 30 degrees C, relative humidity from 20 - 75% and pressure from 530 to 760 torr. The monitoring targets are anomalous events such as leaks and spills of solvents, coolants or other fluids. The JPL ENose operated as a technology demonstration for seven months in the U. S. Laboratory Destiny during 2008-2009. Analysis of ENose monitoring data shows that there was regular, periodic rise and fall of humidity and occasional releases of Freon 218 (perfluoropropane), formaldehyde, methanol and ethanol. There were also several events of unknown origin, half of them from the same source. Each event lasted from 20 to 100 minutes, consistent with the air replacement time in the U.S. Lab. C1 [Ryan, M. A.; Manatt, K. S.; Gluck, S.; Shevade, A. V.; Kisor, A. K.; Zhou, H.; Lara, L. M.; Homer, M. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ryan, MA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-8168-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2010 BP 1242 EP 1247 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2010.5690607 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTS59 UT WOS:000287982100275 ER PT S AU Homer, ML Shevade, AV Zhou, H Kisor, AK Lara, LM Yen, SPS Ryan, MA AF Homer, M. L. Shevade, A. V. Zhou, H. Kisor, A. K. Lara, L. M. Yen, S. -P. S. Ryan, M. A. GP IEEE TI Polymer-Based Carbon Monoxide Sensors SO 2010 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL Kona, HI SP IEEE ID ELECTRONIC NOSE; CO; SIMULATIONS; FABRICATION; DYNAMICS; AIR AB Polymer-based sensors have been used primarily to detect volatile organics and inorganics; they are not usually used for smaller, gas phase molecules. We report the development and use of two types of polymer-based sensors for the detection of carbon monoxide. Further understanding of the experimental results is also obtained by performing molecular modeling studies to investigate the polymer-carbon monoxide interactions. The first type is a carbon-black-polymer composite that is comprised of a non-conducting polymer base that has been impregnated with carbon black to make it conducting. These chemiresistor sensors show good response to carbon monoxide but do not have a long lifetime. The second type of sensor has a non-conducting polymer base but includes both a porphyrin-functionalized polypyrrole and carbon black. These sensors show good, repeatable and reversible response to carbon monoxide at room temperature. C1 [Homer, M. L.; Shevade, A. V.; Zhou, H.; Kisor, A. K.; Lara, L. M.; Yen, S. -P. S.; Ryan, M. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Homer, ML (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Margie.L.Homer@jpl.nasa.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-8168-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2010 BP 1504 EP 1508 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2010.5690345 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTS59 UT WOS:000287982100331 ER PT S AU Flesch, G Keymeulen, D AF Flesch, Gregory Keymeulen, Didier GP IEEE TI Adaptive Tunable Laser Spectrometer For Space Applications SO 2010 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL Kona, HI SP IEEE ID SPECTROSCOPY AB An architecture and process for the rapid prototyping and subsequent development of an adaptive tunable laser absorption spectrometer (TLS) are described. Our digital hardware/firmware/software platform is both reconfigurable at design time as well as autonomously adaptive in real-time for both post-integration and post-launch situations. The design expands the range of viable target environments and enhances tunable laser spectrometer performance in extreme and even unpredictable environments. Through rapid prototyping with a commercial RTOS/FPGA platform, we have implemented a fully operational tunable laser spectrometer (using a highly sensitive second harmonic technique). With this prototype, we have demonstrated autonomous real-time adaptivity in the lab with simulated extreme environments. C1 [Flesch, Gregory; Keymeulen, Didier] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Flesch, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM gflesch@jpl.nasa.gov; didier.keymeulen@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-8168-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2010 BP 1887 EP 1891 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2010.5690927 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTS59 UT WOS:000287982100415 ER PT S AU Ippolito, C Nefian, A AF Ippolito, Corey Nefian, Ara GP IEEE TI Object Classification from Aerial Visual Imagery SO 2010 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL Kona, HI SP IEEE AB Aerial oil pipeline inspection is a dangerous endeavor in the current practice, where a pilot flying in a general aviation class aircraft flies slowly at low altitudes while concurrently looking at the ground for pipeline hazards with the unaided eye; high pilot workload in a dangerous low-speed, low-altitude environment results in an unacceptable number of accidents and loss of life each year. Automation of image acquisition and threat recognition has the potential to reduce pilot workload, improving the safety of the pilots and increasing efficiency. Towards these goals, this paper describes an image classification architecture and algorithm that utilizes several classifiers on different features extracted from the image to automate the threat detection process. The resulting classifier meets the requirement of greater than 80% accuracy in classification. The results will be discussed, and improvements will be proposed for continued research. C1 [Ippolito, Corey] NASA, Intelligent Syst Div, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Nefian, Ara] Carnegie Mellon Univ Silicon Valley, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Ippolito, C (reprint author), NASA, Intelligent Syst Div, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM corey.a.ippolito@nasa.gov; ara.nefian@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-8168-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2010 BP 1936 EP 1945 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2010.5689985 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTS59 UT WOS:000287982100426 ER PT S AU Okojie, RS Blaha, C Lukco, D Vu, N Savrun, E AF Okojie, Robert S. Blaha, Charles Lukco, Dorothy Vu Nguyen Savrun, Ender GP IEEE TI Zero Offset Drift Suppression in SiC Pressure Sensors at 600 degrees C SO 2010 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL Kona, HI SP IEEE ID CONTACTS AB Temporal drifts in zero pressure offset voltage, V-oz, observed in piezoresistive silicon carbide (SiC) pressure sensors at 600 degrees C were significantly suppressed to allow reliable operation. By modifying the bondpad/contact metallization, the V-oz relative drift velocity at 600 degrees C was suppressed to within +/- 0.5 mV. hr(-1), for over 1000 hours. Microstructural changes within the contact metallization were analyzed with Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). This metallization scheme may improve SiC pressure sensor reliability in short duration ground/flight tests and lower temperature (similar to 300 degrees C) remote pressure monitoring (i.e., geothermal, and deep well drilling). C1 [Okojie, Robert S.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Lukco, Dorothy] NASA, ASRC Aerosp Corp, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Blaha, Charles] NASA, Jacob Sverdrup Corp, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Vu Nguyen; Savrun, Ender] Sienna Technol Inc, Woodinville, WA 98072 USA. RP Okojie, RS (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM robert.s.okojie@nasa.gov FU NASA Glenn Research Center FX This work was jointly funded under the following programs: The Technology Transfer Program at NASA Glenn Research Center and the Supersonic and Subsonic Fixed Wings Projects of the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-8168-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2010 BP 2269 EP 2274 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2010.5690714 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTS59 UT WOS:000287982100502 ER PT S AU Wilson, WC Rogge, MD Fisher, B Malocha, DC Atkinson, GM AF Wilson, W. C. Rogge, M. D. Fisher, B. Malocha, D. C. Atkinson, G. M. GP IEEE TI SAW Sensor for Fastener Failure Detection SO 2010 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2010 IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL Kona, HI SP IEEE AB The proof of concept for using surface acoustic wave (SAW) strain sensors in the detection of aircraft fastener failures is demonstrated. SAW sensors were investigated because they have the potential for the development of passive wireless systems. The SAW devices employed four orthogonal frequency coding (OFC) spread spectrum reflectors in two banks on a high temperature piezoelectric substrate. Three SAW devices were attached to a cantilever panel with removable side stiffeners. Damage in the form of fastener failure was simulated by removal of bolts from the side stiffeners. During testing, three different force conditions were used to simulate static aircraft structural response under loads. The design of the sensor, the panel arrangement and the panel testing results are reported. The results show that the sensors successfully detected single fastener failure at distances up to 54.6 cm from the failure site under loaded conditions. C1 [Wilson, W. C.; Rogge, M. D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Fisher, B.; Malocha, D. C.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Atkinson, G. M.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Wilson, WC (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM William.C.Wilson@nasa.gov FU NASA's Integrated Vehicle Heath Management (IVHM) FX Funding was provided by NASAs Integrated Vehicle Heath Management (IVHM) Project which is part of the Aviation Safety Program under NASAs Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD). NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-8168-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2010 BP 2307 EP 2310 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2010.5690796 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BTS59 UT WOS:000287982100511 ER PT J AU Roychoudhury, I Biswas, G Koutsoukos, X AF Roychoudhury, Indranil Biswas, Gautam Koutsoukos, Xenofon BE Chinni, MJ Weed, D TI Using Factored Bond Graphs for Distributed Diagnosis of Physical Systems SO 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BOND GRAPH MODELING AND SIMULATION (ICBGM'10) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bond Graph Modeling and Simulation (ICBGM)/SCS Spring Simulation Multi-Conference CY APR 11-15, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS), Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut (AIAA) ID DISCRETE-EVENT SYSTEMS AB This paper presents a distributed Bayesian fault diagnosis scheme for physical systems. Our diagnoser design is based on a procedure for factoring the global system bond graph (BG) into a set of structurally observable bond graph factors (BG-Fs). Each BG-F is systematically translated into a corresponding DBN Factor (DBN-F), which is then used in its corresponding local diagnoser for quantitative fault detection, isolation, and identification. By construction, the random variables in each DBN-F are conditionally independent of the random variables in all other DBN-Fs, given a subset of communicated measurements considered as system inputs. Each DBN-F and BG-F pair is used to derive a local diagnoser that generates globally correct diagnosis results by local analysis. Together, the local diagnosers diagnose all single faults of interest in the system. We demonstrate on an electrical system how our distributed diagnosis scheme is computationally more efficient than its centralized counterpart, but without compromising the accuracy of the diagnosis results. C1 [Roychoudhury, Indranil] NASA, SGT Inc, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Roychoudhury, I (reprint author), NASA, SGT Inc, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM indranil.roychoudhury@nasa.gov; gautam.biswas@vanderbilt.edu; xenofon.koutsoukos@vanderbilt.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MODELING SIMULATION INT-SCS PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 978-1-56555-342-2 PY 2010 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BAF74 UT WOS:000304034000002 ER PT S AU Amusan, OA Bhuva, BL Casey, MC Gadlage, MJ McMorrow, D Melinger, JS Massengill, LW AF Amusan, O. A. Bhuva, B. L. Casey, M. C. Gadlage, M. J. McMorrow, D. Melinger, J. S. Massengill, L. W. GP IEEE TI Test Circuit for Measuring Single-Event-Induced Charge Sharing in Deep-Submicron Technologies SO 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC TEST STRUCTURES, 23RD IEEE ICMTS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 23rd International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures (ICMTS) CY MAR 22-25, 2010 CL Hiroshima, JAPAN SP IEEE DE charge collection; charge sharing; on-chip test circuit; single event circuit characterization; two-photon absorption ID 90 NM CMOS; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; UPSETS AB A novel on-chip test circuit to measure single-event-induced charge sharing has been developed and implemented in an IBM 90 nm process. Test measurements with Two-Photon Absorption (TPA) backside laser irradiation helps demonstrate the effectiveness of the test circuit in characterizing charge sharing effects for sub-100 nm bulk CMOS processes. C1 [Amusan, O. A.] Lockheed Martin, Bethesda, MD USA. [Casey, M. C.] NASA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Bhuva, B. L.; Gadlage, M. J.; Massengill, L. W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [McMorrow, D.; Melinger, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Amusan, OA (reprint author), Lockheed Martin, Bethesda, MD USA. EM oluwole.a.amusan@lmco.com; bhuva@eecsmail.vuse.vanderbilt.edu; megan.c.casey@vanderbilt.edu; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-9032 BN 978-1-4244-6915-4 J9 IEEE INT C MICROELEC PY 2010 BP 114 EP 117 DI 10.1109/ICMTS.2010.5466844 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BTM87 UT WOS:000287371500023 ER PT J AU Shinohara, K Corrion, A Regan, D Milosavljevic, I Brown, D Burnham, S Willadsen, PJ Butler, C Schmitz, A Wheeler, D Fung, A Micovic, M AF Shinohara, K. Corrion, A. Regan, D. Milosavljevic, I. Brown, D. Burnham, S. Willadsen, P. J. Butler, C. Schmitz, A. Wheeler, D. Fung, A. Micovic, M. GP IEEE TI 220GHz f(T) and 400GHz f(max) in 40-nm GaN DH-HEMTs with Re-grown Ohmic SO 2010 INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING - TECHNICAL DIGEST SE International Electron Devices Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM) CY DEC 06-08, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA AB We report record RF performance in 40nm-gate GaN-HEMT technology. Through vertical scaling in an AlN/GaN/AlGaN double heterojunction (DH) HEMT structure and reduction of access resistance using MBE re-growth of n(+)-GaN ohmic contacts, fully-passivated 40-nm devices exhibited excellent DC characteristics, such as an R-on of 0.81 Omega.mm, an I-dmax of 1.61A/mm, a BVoff of 42V, and a peak extrinsic g(m) of 723mS/mm, resulting in a peak f(T) of 220GHz and a peak f(max) of 400GHz. The measured f(T) and f(max) are the highest ever reported in a GaN-HEMT technology. Small signal model and delay time analysis showed that the parasitic charging time was only 10% of total delay time and the gate transit time scaled with the gate length (L-g) down to 40nm, demonstrating high scalability of the new technology. C1 [Shinohara, K.; Corrion, A.; Regan, D.; Milosavljevic, I.; Brown, D.; Burnham, S.; Willadsen, P. J.; Butler, C.; Schmitz, A.; Wheeler, D.; Micovic, M.] HRL Labs LLC, 3100 Malibu Canyon Rd, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. [Fung, A.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Shinohara, K (reprint author), HRL Labs LLC, 3100 Malibu Canyon Rd, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. EM kshinohara@hrl.com FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Microsystems Technology Office (DARPAMTO) Nitride Electronic NeXt-Generation Technology (NEXT) program under DARPA/CMO [HR0011-09-C-0126]; DARPA/MTOCOR; AFRL/WPAFB FX This work was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Microsystems Technology Office (DARPAMTO) Nitride Electronic NeXt-Generation Technology (NEXT) program under DARPA/CMO Contract No. HR0011-09-C- 0126, program manager Dr. John Albrecht, and DARPA/MTO COR James Sewell, AFRL/WPAFB. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressly or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the U.S. Government. (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited). NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-7419-6 J9 INT EL DEVICES MEET PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTS81 UT WOS:000287997300172 ER PT J AU Sheldon, DJ AF Sheldon, Douglas J. GP IEEE TI Electronic Failures in Spacecraft Environments SO 2010 INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM SE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 10-14, 2011 CL Monterey, CA DE component; radiation; reliabiity; electronic parts; failure; spacecraft AB This paper will provide a review of data describing electronic part failures in spacecraft environments. The details of the spacecraft environment and their individual contributions to the overall failure population will be described. The paper will also present an analysis of new data regarding electronic part failures during spacecraft assembly and test. This data provides an indication of incoming part level quality and insight into handling practices. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Sheldon, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM douglas.j.sheldon@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5431-0 J9 INT REL PHY PY 2010 BP 759 EP 762 DI 10.1109/IRPS.2010.5488739 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BTO50 UT WOS:000287515600123 ER PT J AU Pellish, JA LaBel, KA AF Pellish, Jonathan A. LaBel, Kenneth A. GP IEEE TI Practicality of Evaluating Soft Errors in Commercial sub-90 nm CMOS for Space Applications SO 2010 INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM SE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 10-14, 2011 CL Monterey, CA DE space environment; soft errors; CMOS; proton; heavy ion; memory ID SINGLE-EVENT-UPSET; PULSED-LASER; RATE PREDICTION; FLASH MEMORIES; SOI SRAM; MODEL; SEU; TRANSIENTS; NAND AB Inclusion of commercial technologies in civil spaceflight applications is reality. These technologies enable higher performance, reduce power consumption, and ultimately yield better science. However, the benefits do not come without cost, and radiation-induced soft errors in advanced, sub-90 nm CMOS technologies present new challenges. These challenges include sensitivity to proton direct ionization, memory technology evaluation, as well as testing and evaluation complexity. C1 [Pellish, Jonathan A.; LaBel, Kenneth A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Flight Data Syst & Radiat Effects Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Pellish, JA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Flight Data Syst & Radiat Effects Branch, Code 561-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jonathan.a.pellish@nasa.gov NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5431-0 J9 INT REL PHY PY 2010 BP 768 EP 774 DI 10.1109/IRPS.2010.5488737 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BTO50 UT WOS:000287515600125 ER PT S AU Mahatme, NN Chatterjee, I Bhuva, BL Ahlbin, J Massengill, LW Shuler, R AF Mahatme, N. N. Chatterjee, I. Bhuva, B. L. Ahlbin, J. Massengill, L. W. Shuler, R. GP IEEE TI ANALYSIS OF SOFT ERROR RATES IN COMBINATIONAL AND SEQUENTIAL LOGIC AND IMPLICATIONS OF HARDENING FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES SO 2010 INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM SE International Reliability Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48TH Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS) CY MAY 02-06, 2010 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE DE Soft error rates; single event effects; single event transient; single event upset; transient propagation; transient pulse-width AB Previous results and models have predicted that combinational logic errors would dominate over flip-flop errors for the past few technology nodes. However, recent experimental results show very little contribution from combinational-logic soft errors to overall soft-error rates. A model that explains the soft error rates as a function of frequency is developed to account for the inconsistency in observed data. Implications for hardening against soft errors for advanced technologies are discussed. C1 [Mahatme, N. N.; Chatterjee, I.; Bhuva, B. L.; Ahlbin, J.; Massengill, L. W.] Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Shuler, R.] Vanderbilt Univ, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Mahatme, NN (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM nihaar.n.mahatme@vanderbilt.edu FU DTRA; CISCO Systems, Inc FX The authors wish to thank DTRA and CISCO Systems, Inc. for their support. The authors also thank Dr. Jeff Black and Vanderbilt Radiation Effects and Reliability Group (RER) students for valuable discussions. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1541-7026 BN 978-1-4244-5431-0 J9 INT RELIAB PHY SYM PY 2010 BP 1031 EP 1035 DI 10.1109/IRPS.2010.5488680 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BTO50 UT WOS:000287515600180 ER PT S AU Lall, P Vaidya, R More, V Goebel, K Suhling, J AF Lall, Pradeep Vaidya, Rahul More, Vikrant Goebel, Kai Suhling, Jeff GP IEEE TI Assessment of Residual Damage in Leadfree Electronics Subjected to Multiple Thermal Environments of Thermal Aging and Thermal Cycling SO 2010 PROCEEDINGS 60TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th Electronic Components and Technology Conference CY JUN 01-04, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE ID SOLDER-JOINT RELIABILITY; FINE-PITCH BGAS; THERMOMECHANICAL LOADS; FEATURE-EXTRACTION; BOUNDARY-SCAN; DROP-IMPACT; SHOCK; VIBRATION; DESIGN; MODELS AB Electronic systems are often stored for long periods prior to deployment in the intended environment. Aging has been previously shown to effect the reliability and constitutive behavior of second-level leadfree interconnects. Deployed systems may be subjected to cyclic thermo-mechanical loads subsequent to deployment. Prognostication of accrued damage and assessment of residual life is extremely critical for ultra-high reliability systems in which the cost of failure is too high. The presented methodology uses leading indicators of failure based on microstructural evolution of damage to identify impending failure in electronic systems subjected to sequential stresses of thermal aging and thermal cycling. The methodology has been demonstrated on area-array ball-grid array test assemblies with Sn3Ag0.5Cu interconnects subjected to thermal aging at 125 degrees C and thermal cycling from -55 to 125 degrees C for various lengths of time and cycles. Damage equivalency methodologies have been developed to map damage accrued in thermal aging to the reduction in thermomechanical cyclic life based on damage proxies. Assemblies have been prognosticated to assess the error with interrogation of system state and assessment of residual life. Prognostic metrics including alpha-lambda metric, sample standard deviation, mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, average bias, relative accuracy, and cumulative relative accuracy have been used to compare the performance of the damage proxies. C1 [Lall, Pradeep; Vaidya, Rahul; More, Vikrant; Suhling, Jeff] Auburn Univ, NSF Ctr Adv Vehicle & Extreme Environm Elect CAVE, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Goebel, Kai] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lall, P (reprint author), Auburn Univ, NSF Ctr Adv Vehicle & Extreme Environm Elect CAVE, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM lall@eng.auburn.edu FU NASA-IVHM from National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNA08BA21C] FX The research presented in this paper has been supported by NASA-IVHM Program Grant NNA08BA21C from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 978-1-4244-6412-8 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2010 BP 206 EP 218 DI 10.1109/ECTC.2010.5490907 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTI65 UT WOS:000287024100032 ER PT S AU Ponchak, GE Jordan, JL Scardelletti, MC AF Ponchak, George E. Jordan, Jennifer L. Scardelletti, Maximilian C. GP IEEE TI Temperature Dependence of Thin Film Spiral Inductors on Alumina over a Temperature Range of 25 to 475 degrees C SO 2010 PROCEEDINGS 60TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th Electronic Components and Technology Conference CY JUN 01-04, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE ID PERFORMANCE; TECHNOLOGY; OSCILLATOR; GHZ AB In this paper, we present an analysis of inductors on an Alumina substrate over the temperature range of 25 to 475 degrees C. Five sets of inductors, each set consisting of a 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and a 4.5 turn inductor with different line width and spacing, were measured on a high temperature probe station from 10 MHz to 30 GHz. From these measured characteristics, it is shown that the inductance is nearly independent of temperature for low frequencies compared to the self resonant frequency, the parasitic capacitances are independent of temperature, and the resistance varies nearly linearly with temperature. These characteristics result in the self resonant frequency decreasing by only a few percent as the temperature is increased from 25 to 475 degrees C, but the maximum quality factor decreases by a factor of 2 to 3. These observations based on measured data are confirmed through 2D simulations using Sonnet software. C1 [Ponchak, George E.; Jordan, Jennifer L.; Scardelletti, Maximilian C.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Ponchak, GE (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM george.ponchak@ieee.org NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 978-1-4244-6412-8 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2010 BP 713 EP 719 DI 10.1109/ECTC.2010.5490775 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTI65 UT WOS:000287024100113 ER PT S AU Lall, P Lowe, R Goebel, K AF Lall, Pradeep Lowe, Ryan Goebel, Kai GP IEEE TI Prognostics Using Kalman-Filter Models and Metrics for Risk Assessment in BGAs Under Shock and Vibration Loads SO 2010 PROCEEDINGS 60TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th Electronic Components and Technology Conference CY JUN 01-04, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE ID IMPACT RELIABILITY; HEALTH MANAGEMENT; DROP-IMPACT; LEAD-FREE; ELECTRONICS; PACKAGES AB Structural damage to BGA interconnects incurred during vibration testing has been monitored in the pre-failure space using resistance spectroscopy based state space vectors, rate of change of the state variable, and acceleration of the state variable. The technique is intended for condition monitoring in high reliability applications where the knowledge of impending failure is critical and the risks in terms of loss-of-functionality are too high to bear. Future state of the system has been estimated based on a second order Kalman Filter model and a Bayesian Framework. The measured state variable has been related to the underlying interconnect damage in the form of inelastic strain energy density. Performance of the prognostication health management algorithm during the vibration test has been quantified using performance evaluation metrics. The methodology has been demonstrated on leadfree area-array electronic assemblies subjected to vibration. Model predictions have been correlated with experimental data. The presented approach is applicable to functional systems where corner interconnects in area-array packages may be often redundant. Prognostic metrics including alpha-lambda metric, sample standard deviation, mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, average bias, relative accuracy, and cumulative relative accuracy have been used to assess the performance of the damage proxies. The presented approach enables the estimation of residual life based on level of risk averseness. C1 [Lall, Pradeep; Lowe, Ryan] Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, NSF Ctr Adv Vehicle & Extreme Environm Elect CAVE, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Goebel, Kai] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lall, P (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, NSF Ctr Adv Vehicle & Extreme Environm Elect CAVE, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM lall@eng.auburn.edu FU NASA-IVHM [NNA08BA21C] FX The research presented in this paper has been supported by NASA-IVHM Program Grant NNA08BA21C from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 63 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 978-1-4244-6412-8 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2010 BP 889 EP 901 DI 10.1109/ECTC.2010.5490691 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTI65 UT WOS:000287024100141 ER PT S AU Chheda, BV Ramkumar, SM Ghaffarian, R AF Chheda, Bankeem V. Ramkumar, S. Manian Ghaffarian, Reza GP IEEE TI Thermal Shock and Drop Test Performance of Lead-Free Assemblies with No-Underfill, Corner-Underfill and Full-Underfill SO 2010 PROCEEDINGS 60TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th Electronic Components and Technology Conference CY JUN 01-04, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE AB A wide array of lead-free alloys is available in the market and distinguishing one over the other is not an easy task. Several factors have to be considered before making a choice. Reliability under both thermal and mechanical conditions is one such factor. This experimental research aims at making a comparison of the different lead-free solder ball alloys for area array and advanced packages, assembled using lead-free solder paste. Package reliability will be compared for No-underfill, Corner-underfill and Full-underfill. Assembly reliability was evaluated by subjecting the assemblies to 30 mechanical drops in the as-assembled(AS) condition and after 200 and 500 thermal shock cycles (TS). The scope of this paper is limited to the performance evaluation for area array packages (UCSP, PBGA676, PBGA1156, PoP, CVBGA). Solder ball alloy for the area array packages include SAC305, SAC405, SAC105 and SnAg. The solder paste used for the assembly is SAC305 with Type 3 solder particle size. Three different PCB surface finishes, electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG), SnPb hot air solder level (HASL), and immersion silver (ImAg) are used. Different solder ball alloys and surface finish combinations will provide data to compare intermetallic thickness. Assembly reliability was evaluated by subjecting the assemblies to 30 mechanical drops in the as-assembled condition and after 200 and 500 thermal shock cycles. After each drop the components were checked for the continuity of the total daisy chain. The number of drops for the first failure was used in analyzing the performance of the components for various combinations. Since each component had many independent daisy chains, the failure of the individual daisy chains was later used in determining the location of the failure and how it progressed. Test results gathered for no-underfill, corner-underfill and full-underfill assemblies indicate SnAg alloys for the solder balls to be performing better than the SAC305 and SAC405 alloys for PBGA676, irrespective of the PCB pad surface finish. The location on the PCB could have had an influence on these packages. An improvement in drops to failure was also observed for some packages with corner-underfill. But with full-underfill the improvement was observed for all packages. It was also observed that UCSP failed to withstand 500 thermal shock cycles for no-underfill and corner-underfill assemblies. But the package was able to withstand 500 cycles of thermal shock for full-underfill assemblies. Solder joint analysis reveals pad cratering and crack formation to be the root cause for failure. These packages were also cross-sectioned in order to record the changes in intermetallic thickness. This paper will provide a detailed analysis of the findings. C1 [Chheda, Bankeem V.; Ramkumar, S. Manian] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Elect Mfg & Assembly, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Ghaffarian, Reza] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Chheda, BV (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Elect Mfg & Assembly, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM bankeemchheda@gmail.com; smrmet@rit.edu; reza.ghaffarian@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 978-1-4244-6412-8 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2010 BP 935 EP 942 DI 10.1109/ECTC.2010.5490673 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTI65 UT WOS:000287024100147 ER PT S AU Tang, LA DeCastro, J Kacprzynski, G Goebel, K Vachtsevanos, G AF Tang, Liang DeCastro, Jonathan Kacprzynski, Greg Goebel, Kai Vachtsevanos, George GP IEEE TI Filtering and Prediction Techniques for Model-Based Prognosis and Uncertainty Management SO 2010 PROGNOSTICS AND SYSTEM HEALTH MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE SE Prognostics and System Health Management Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Prognostics and System Health Management Conference CY JAN 12-FEB 14, 2010 CL Macao, PEOPLES R CHINA AB Managing and reducing prognostic uncertainty is of significant importance to the success of PHM applications. The focus of prognosis uncertainty management is to identify and manage the reducible uncertainties by applying available data using appropriate uncertainty management algorithms. Particularly for dynamic model-based systems, opportunities exist to apply nonlinear filtering to provide a systematic way of dealing with the propagation of system damage at some future time, whenever imprecise diagnostic information is obtained. The goal of this paper is to present a foundation for prediction and filtering of the failure process using nonlinear prognostic models and filters, and illustrate how prognostic uncertainties are addressed within three types of filtering frameworks, namely the exact filtering, particle filtering and multiple-model filtering. Examples and illustrative simulation results are provided. C1 [Tang, Liang; DeCastro, Jonathan; Kacprzynski, Greg] Impact Technol LLC, 200 Canal View Blvd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Goebel, Kai] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Vachtsevanos, George] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Tang, LA (reprint author), Impact Technol LLC, 200 Canal View Blvd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM Liang.Tang@impact-tek.com FU NASA under NRA [NNA08BC20C] FX This work was supported by NASA under NRA Contract NNA08BC20C. Edward Balaban serves as the technical monitor. The authors would also like to recognize the contributions of Dr. Abhinav Saxena, Dr. Bhaskar Saha and Dr. Jose Celaya from NASA Ames Research Center and Dr. Marcos Orchard from University of Chile. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2166-5656 BN 978-1-4244-4756-5 J9 PROGNOST SYST HEALT PY 2010 BP 186 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BRW81 UT WOS:000283804700029 ER PT S AU Lamouroux, J Gamache, RR Laraia, AL Ma, QC Tipping, RH AF Lamouroux, Julien Gamache, Robert R. Laraia, Anne L. Ma, Qiancheng Tipping, Richard H. BE Lewis, JKC PredoiCross, A TI The Importance of Trajectory Models in Complex Robert-Bonamy Formalism Calculations: Application to the Rotational Band of H2O Broadened by N-2, O-2, and Air SO 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Memorial Univ Newfoundland, St Johns, CANADA SP Memorial Univ Newfoundland, Univ Lethbridge, Atlantic Computat Excellence Network, City St Johns, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), Int Union Pure & Appl Chem (IUPAC) HO Memorial Univ Newfoundland DE Water; half-width; parabolic trajectory model; Hamilton's equations ID WIDTHS AB In a recent study by R. Gamache and A. Laraia [1], the semiclassical Complex Robert-Bonamy (CRB) formalism was used to calculate the half-widths for the rotation band transitions of (H2O)-O-16 broadened by N-2, O-2 and air. The Robert-Bonamy model of approximate trajectories (parabolic) derived from the isotropic intermolecular potential was used. In this work, the importance of considering realistic dynamics model is demonstrated by the comparison of the half-widths obtained in [1] and new calculations using the (more realistic) Hamilton's Equations model. The comparisons of this work with the previous one clearly demonstrate differences larger than the uncertainties desired by the spectroscopic and remote sensing communities. C1 [Lamouroux, Julien; Gamache, Robert R.; Laraia, Anne L.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1 Univ Ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Ma, Qiancheng] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Ma, Qiancheng] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tipping, Richard H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Lamouroux, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1 Univ Ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0803135] FX The authors from Lowell are pleased to acknowledge support of this research by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. ATM-0803135. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-73540-845-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1290 BP 160 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3517547 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BTH77 UT WOS:000286948500024 ER PT S AU Lamouroux, J Gamache, RR Laraia, AL Ma, QC Tipping, RH AF Lamouroux, Julien Gamache, Robert R. Laraia, Anne L. Ma, Qiancheng Tipping, Richard H. BE Lewis, JKC PredoiCross, A TI The Importance of Trajectory Models in Complex Robert-Bonamy Formalism Calculations: Application to the Rotational Band of H2O Broadened by N-2, O-2, and Air SO 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Memorial Univ Newfoundland, St Johns, CANADA SP Memorial Univ Newfoundland, Univ Lethbridge, Atlantic Computat Excellence Network, City St Johns, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), Int Union Pure & Appl Chem (IUPAC) HO Memorial Univ Newfoundland DE Water; half-width; parabolic trajectory model; Hamilton's equations ID WIDTHS AB In a recent study by R. Gamache and A. Laraia [1], the semiclassical Complex Robert-Bonamy (CRB) formalism was used to calculate the half-widths for the rotation band transitions of (H2O)-O-16 broadened by N-2, O-2 and air. The Robert-Bonamy model of approximate trajectories (parabolic) derived from the isotropic intermolecular potential was used. In this work, the importance of considering realistic dynamics model is demonstrated by the comparison of the half-widths obtained in [1] and new calculations using the (more realistic) Hamilton's Equations model. The comparisons of this work with the previous one clearly demonstrate differences larger than the uncertainties desired by the spectroscopic and remote sensing communities. C1 [Lamouroux, Julien; Gamache, Robert R.; Laraia, Anne L.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1 Univ Ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Ma, Qiancheng] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Phys, Dept Appl Phys & Math, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tipping, Richard H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Lamouroux, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1 Univ Ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0803135] FX The authors from Lowell are pleased to acknowledge support of this research by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. ATM-0803135. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0845-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1290 BP 160 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3517547 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BTG70 UT WOS:000286908200024 ER PT S AU Devi, VM Benner, DC Miller, CE Predoi-Cross, A AF Devi, V. Malathy Benner, D. Chris Miller, C. E. Predoi-Cross, A. BE Lewis, JKC PredoiCross, A TI Width and Shift Coefficients in O-2-Broadened CO2: Bands at 6227 and 6348 cm(-1) Using a Constrained Multispectrum Analysis SO 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Memorial Univ Newfoundland, St Johns, CANADA SP Memorial Univ Newfoundland, Univ Lethbridge, Atlantic Computat Excellence Network, City St Johns, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), Int Union Pure & Appl Chem (IUPAC) HO Memorial Univ Newfoundland DE Spectral line shapes; pressure broadening; pressure-induced shifts; relaxation matrix elements; speed dependence; CO2; O-2 broadening; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; near infrared ID SPEED DEPENDENCE; INTENSITIES; TRANSITIONS; AIR AB Lorentz half width and pressure-induced shift coefficients, and speed dependence parameters fir oxygen-broadened CO2 transitions in the 30013 <- 00001 (6227 cm(-1)) and 30012 <- 00001 (6348 cm(-1)) bands were measured employing a non linear least squares multispectrum fitting technique. The high-resolution spectra used in the analysis were recorded using the McMath-Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) located at. the National Solar Observatory (NSO) on Kitt Peak, Arizona. The spectra were obtained at room temperature using the long path, 6 m base path White cell available at NSO. The multispectrum fitting algorithm employing Voigt line profiles was modified to include line mixing and speed dependence and was used to fit simultaneously a total of 19 spectra in the 6120-6280 cm(-1) and 6280-6395 cm(-1) spectral regions. The results from the present study have been compared with measurements available in the literature. Combining the O-2-broadening measurements from present work with the previously determined air-broadening results, N-2-broadened width and shift coefficients are calculated and compared with other reported values. C1 [Devi, V. Malathy; Benner, D. Chris] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Miller, C. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Predoi-Cross, A.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Phys & Astron, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. RP Devi, VM (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. FU National Science Foundation under Grant [ATM-0338475]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX The material presented in this investigation is based upon the work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. ATM-0338475 to the College of William and Mary. The research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, was performed under contract with National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank NASAs Upper Atmosphere Research Program for support of the McMath-Pierce laboratory facility. CEM thanks NASAs Tropospheric Chemistry and Atmospheric Composition programs for support. A. Predoi-Cross is grateful for the support for this project provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-73540-845-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1290 BP 179 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3517551 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BTH77 UT WOS:000286948500028 ER PT S AU Devi, VM Benner, DC Rinsland, CP Smith, MAH Sams, RL Blake, TA Flaud, JM Sung, K Brown, LR Mantz, AW AF Devi, V. Malathy Benner, D. Chris Rinsland, C. P. Smith, M. A. H. Sams, R. L. Blake, T. A. Flaud, J-M. Sung, K. Brown, L. R. Mantz, A. W. BE Lewis, JKC PredoiCross, A TI Spectral Line Parameters for the v(9) Band of Ethane SO 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Memorial Univ Newfoundland, St Johns, CANADA SP Memorial Univ Newfoundland, Univ Lethbridge, Atlantic Computat Excellence Network, City St Johns, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), Int Union Pure & Appl Chem (IUPAC) HO Memorial Univ Newfoundland DE Ethane; line shapes; intensities; pressure-broadened widths; self broadening; nitrogen broadening; temperature dependence of self- and nitrogen-broadening; FTIR spectroscopy AB Ethane is a prominent contributor to the spectrum of Titan, particularly in the region of the v(9) band at 12 mu m. A multispectrum nonlinear least squares fitting program was applied to laboratory spectra of ethane to measure accurate positions, absolute intensities, N-2- and self-broadened half-width coefficients and their temperature dependences for a large number transitions. These measurements include several (p)Q and (r)Q sub-bands (and other sub-bands such as P-p, R-r) in the v(9) fundamental band of (C2H6)-C-12 centered near 822 cm(-1). Positions and intensities were measured for 3771 transitions. N-2- and self-broadened half-width coefficients were determined for over 1700 transitions while temperature dependence exponents were retrieved for over 1350 of those transitions. Of these, many measurements (mostly line positions and intensities) belong to the (C2H6)-C-12 v(9)+v(4)-v(4) and the v(9)+2v(4)-2v(4) hot bands, (CCH6)-C-13-C-12 v(9) band and unidentified transitions. Forty-three high resolution (0.0016-0.005 cm(-1)) infrared laboratory absorption spectra recorded at temperatures between similar to 150 and 298 K were fitted simultaneously to retrieve these parameters. C1 [Devi, V. Malathy; Benner, D. Chris] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Benner, D. Chris; Rinsland, C. P.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Sams, R. L.; Blake, T. A.] Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Flaud, J-M.] Univ Paris Est, CNRS, Lab Interuniv Syst atmospheriques, UMR 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Sung, K.; Brown, L. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mantz, A. W.] Connecticut Coll, Dept Phys Astron & Geophys, New London, CT 06320 USA. RP Devi, VM (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. FU Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); NASA Langley Research Center; College of William and Mary; [DE-AC05-76RLO1830] FX Most of the experimental spectra for the present study were recorded at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energys Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the United States Department of Energy by the Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830. Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASAs Planetary Atmospheres program supported the work performed at NASA Langley Research Center and the College of William and Mary. The research at the Connecticut College was performed under contracts and grants with NASA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0845-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1290 BP 184 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3517552 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BTG70 UT WOS:000286908200029 ER PT B AU Bowe, A Lauderdale, T AF Bowe, Aisha Lauderdale, Todd GP IEEE TI SELECTING CONFLICT RESOLUTION MANEUVERS BASED ON MINIMUM FUEL BURN SO 29TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE: IMPROVING OUR ENVIRONMENT THROUGH GREEN AVIONICS AND ATM SOLUTIONS SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference on Improving Our Environment through Green Avionics and ATM Solutions CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, MITRE Corp, Boeing Co, Mentor Graph AB The effects of selecting conflict resolution maneuvers based on minimum delay are compared to resolution selection based on minimum fuel burn. The algorithm used in this study is designed to support an automated separation assurance capability for next generation air traffic management systems. The algorithm resolves detected conflicts that are projected to be between three and twenty minutes prior to loss of separation. A total of nine fast-time simulations were conducted, each representing thirty six hours of traffic on a "low weather," high volume day with mixed aircraft types, flight phases and conflict geometries. The test matrix varied airspace region and resolution selection criteria. System-wide effects such as the number of conflicts, fuel burn, delay, and maneuver type are analyzed and compared to the same metrics when maneuvers are selected based on delay. When selecting resolutions based on fuel burn, the cumulative fuel burn of the system decreases by 27% and the delay increases by 25% when compared to resolutions selected based on minimum delay. Results indicate that speed maneuvers are the most efficient when selecting resolutions based on minimum fuel burn. Horizontal and vertical maneuvers were executed with similar frequency when comparing delay and fuel burn. C1 [Bowe, Aisha; Lauderdale, Todd] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Bowe, A (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6617-7 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2010 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTM86 UT WOS:000287370600004 ER PT J AU Choi, S Robinson, JE Mulfinger, DG Capozzi, BJ AF Choi, Seongim Robinson, John E., III Mulfinger, Daniel G. Capozzi, Brian J. GP IEEE TI DESIGN OF AN OPTIMAL ROUTE STRUCTURE USING HEURISTICS-BASED STOCHASTIC SCHEDULERS SO 29TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE: IMPROVING OUR ENVIRONMENT THROUGH GREEN AVIONICS AND ATM SOLUTIONS SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference on Improving Our Environment through Green Avionics and ATM Solutions CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, MITRE Corp, Boeing Co, Mentor Graph AB The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of efficient route structure in the extended terminal airspace area on arrival scheduling performance. This paper will provide reasonable guidelines for optimal route topology in the extended terminal area by considering the uncertainties present in real operations. In a previous study, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP)-based scheduling algorithm proved to generate more optimal scheduling results than a traditional First-come-First-Served (FCFS) scheduler. However, an expensive computational cost associated with extensive search process limited its usage to a small number of flights in a dense terminal environment. Heuristics based on FCFS scheduling were introduced to alleviate this computational limitation. However, that heuristic was not sufficient to accommodate the amount of traffic associated with dense terminal operations. In this study, we introduce a Genetic Algorithm (GA) as an alternative heuristic for queuing aircraft and route assignment to reduce the computational cost dramatically. To take into account realistic operations, a dynamic planner framework is constructed that integrates the GA heuristics-based scheduler with a stochastic trajectory simulator. Uncertainty quantification and propagation along the routes are implemented in the trajectory model. The trajectory model is simulated based on the Scheduled Times of Arrival (STAs) provided by the scheduler. As a practical application of the proposed scheduler to the dense terminal environment, a design of an optimal route structure is carried out for the terminal airspace represented in cartesian coordinates. The effects of airspace topologies on the scheduling performance are investigated and numerous route structures with different merge topologies are constructed. An optimal merge topology is identified by comparing their scheduling performances and the resulting optimal route structure is validated by the dynamic planner framework. Finally, the sensitivities of the scheduling performance with respect to the uncertainty quantification and propagation modeling are discussed. C1 [Choi, Seongim] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Univ Affiliated Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Choi, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Univ Affiliated Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6617-7 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2010 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTM86 UT WOS:000287370600027 ER PT B AU Cone, AC AF Cone, Andrew C. GP IEEE TI EFFECT OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION MANEUVER EXECUTION DELAY ON LOSSES OF SEPARATION SO 29TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE: IMPROVING OUR ENVIRONMENT THROUGH GREEN AVIONICS AND ATM SOLUTIONS SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference on Improving Our Environment through Green Avionics and ATM Solutions CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, MITRE Corp, Boeing Co, Mentor Graph AB This paper examines uncertainty in the maneuver execution delay for data linked conflict resolution maneuvers. This uncertainty could cause the previously cleared primary conflict to reoccur or a secondary conflict to appear. Results show that the likelihood of a primary conflict reoccurring during a horizontal conflict resolution maneuver increases with larger initial turn-out angles and with shorter times until loss of separation. There is also a significant increase in the probability of a primary conflict reoccurring when the time until loss falls under three minutes. Increasing horizontal separation by an additional 1.5 nmi lowers the risk, but does not completely eliminate it. Secondary conflicts were shown to have a small probability of occurring in all tested configurations. C1 NASA, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Cone, AC (reprint author), NASA, Moffett Field, CA USA. EM Andrew.C.Cone@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6617-7 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2010 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTM86 UT WOS:000287370600050 ER PT S AU Farrahi, AH Verma, SA AF Farrahi, Amir H. Verma, Savita A. GP IEEE TI A PAIRING ALGORITHM FOR LANDING AIRCRAFT TO CLOSELY SPACED PARALLEL RUNWAYS SO 29TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE: IMPROVING OUR ENVIRONMENT THROUGH GREEN AVIONICS AND ATM SOLUTIONS SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference on Improving Our Environment through Green Avionics and ATM Solutions CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, MITRE Corp, Boeing Co, Mentor Graph ID GENETIC ALGORITHM AB To facilitate pairing of aircraft while meeting a schedule, the pair-scheduling problem for landing aircraft in Very Closely Spaced Parallel Approaches was studied. An earlier prototype was adopted and the scheduling algorithm was extended in several ways to improve the solution quality and expand the range of constraints it could handle. This paper presents the scheduling problem formulation, as well as enhancements made to an earlier prototype that made it suitable for application in a human-in-the-loop simulation carried out recently at NASA Ames Research Center. Experimental data from the simulations as well as an extensive set of stress tests are analyzed and discussed. Results suggest the algorithm succeeded in suggesting aircraft pairs acceptable to the air traffic controllers in over 97% of the cases. Evaluating the performance and scalability characteristics of the algorithm demonstrates its effectiveness in discovering feasible aircraft pairs that meet all the sequencing, separation, pair-group, and runway assignment constraints. Overall, the high solution quality and short runtime makes the proposed algorithm a suitable and attractive candidate for use in a real-time aircraft-pairing application. C1 [Farrahi, Amir H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Verma, Savita A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Farrahi, AH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4244-6617-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2010 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTM86 UT WOS:000287370600073 ER PT S AU Howell, CT Jessup, A Jones, F Joyce, C Sugden, P Verstynen, H Mielnik, J AF Howell, Charles T., III Jessup, Artie Jones, Frank Joyce, Claude Sugden, Paul Verstynen, Harry Mielnik, John GP IEEE TI THE NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER'S UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEM SURROGATE RESEARCH AIRCRAFT SO 29TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE: IMPROVING OUR ENVIRONMENT THROUGH GREEN AVIONICS AND ATM SOLUTIONS SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference on Improving Our Environment through Green Avionics and ATM Solutions CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, MITRE Corp, Boeing Co, Mentor Graph AB Research is needed to determine what procedures, aircraft sensors and other systems will be required to allow Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) to safely operate with manned aircraft in the National Airspace System (NAS). The NASA Langley Research Center has transformed a Cirrus Design SR22 general aviation (GA) aircraft into a UAS Surrogate research aircraft to serve as a platform for UAS systems research, development, flight testing and evaluation. The aircraft is manned with a Safety Pilot and systems operator that allows for flight operations almost anywhere in the NAS without the need for a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Certificate of Authorization (COA). The UAS Surrogate can be controlled from a modular, transportable ground station like a true UAS. The UAS Surrogate is able to file and fly in the NAS with normal traffic and is an ideal platform for real world UAS research and development compared to actual UAS flying in restricted ranges or other sterilized airspace. The Cirrus Design SR22 aircraft is a small, single-engine, four-place, composite-construction aircraft that NASA Langley acquired to support NASA flight-research programs like the Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) Project. Systems were installed to support flight test research and data gathering. These systems include: separate research power; multi-function flat-panel displays; research computers; research air data and inertial state sensors; video recording; data acquisition; data-link; S-band video and data telemetry; Common Airborne Instrumentation System (CAIS); Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B); instrumented surfaces and controls; and a systems operator work station. The transformation of the SR22 to a UAS Surrogate was accomplished in phases. The first phase was to modify the existing autopilot to accept external commands from a research computer that was connected by redundant data-link radios to a ground control station. An electro-mechanical auto-throttle was added in the next phase to provide ground station control of airspeed. Additional phases are in progress to add waypoint navigation and long range satellite voice and data communications. Potential areas for UAS Surrogate research include the development, flight test and evaluation of sensors to aid in the process of air traffic "detect-sense-and-avoid". These sensors could be evaluated in real-time and compared with onboard human evaluation pilots. This paper describes the systems and design considerations that were incorporated in the development of the UAS Surrogate along with details of development problems encountered and the corresponding solutions. C1 [Howell, Charles T., III; Jones, Frank] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Jessup, Artie] Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA USA. [Joyce, Claude] ATK Space Syst In, Hampton, VA USA. [Sugden, Paul; Verstynen, Harry] Unisys Corp, Hampton, VA USA. [Mielnik, John] Lockheed Martin Corp, Hampton, VA USA. RP Howell, CT (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4244-6617-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2010 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTM86 UT WOS:000287370600100 ER PT S AU Johnson, W Nhut, H Battiste, V Vu, KPL Lachter, J Ligda, S Dao, A Martin, P AF Johnson, Walter Nhut Ho Battiste, Vernol Vu, Kim-Phuong L. Lachter, Joel Ligda, Sarah Dao, Arik Martin, Patrick GP IEEE TI MANAGEMENT OF CONTINUOUS DESCENT APPROACH DURING INTERVAL MANAGEMENT OPERATION SO 29TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE: IMPROVING OUR ENVIRONMENT THROUGH GREEN AVIONICS AND ATM SOLUTIONS SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference on Improving Our Environment through Green Avionics and ATM Solutions CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, MITRE Corp, Boeing Co, Mentor Graph AB This paper reports on the performance and workload of pilots participating in a human-in-the-loop simulation of interval management operations during a continuous descent approach (CDA) into Louisville International Airport (SDF). The experiment examined variations in pilot roles and responsibilities in an implementation of interval management automation. The roles and responsibility manipulation showed that whether pilots were instructed to follow speed guidance strictly, or to exercise their own judgment, had no effect on workload and only a small effect on interval management performance. However, requiring the pilots to manually enter speeds into the autopilot, rather than having the automation automatically update the autopilot, frequently led to poorer energy management, and higher spacing interval errors at the final approach fix, even in the conditions where pilots were instructed to strictly follow speed guidance. This finding was traced to poorer compliance with the automated speed guidance, lack of awareness of this poor compliance, and insufficient awareness of the energy state of the aircraft. These results suggest that some form of energy guidance may be needed to augment interval management. To do this, recommendations were made for integrating the spacing interval management automation with near-term or far-term energy management systems. Workload measurement showed that, when pilots were required to maneuver to avoid en route weather, the manual conditions resulted in an increase in workload, although the overall level would still be considered low under normal circumstances. C1 [Johnson, Walter] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 262-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Nhut Ho; Martin, Patrick] Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Battiste, Vernol; Lachter, Joel; Ligda, Sarah; Dao, Arik] San Jose State Founda, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Vu, Kim-Phuong L.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Johnson, W (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 262-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Walter.Johnson@nasa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4244-6617-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2010 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTM86 UT WOS:000287370600081 ER PT S AU Jones, DR Prinzel, LJ Shelton, KJ Bailey, RE Otero, SD Barker, GD AF Jones, Denise R. Prinzel, Lawrence J., III Shelton, Kevin J. Bailey, Randall E. Otero, Sharon D. Barker, Glover D. GP IEEE TI COLLISION AVOIDANCE FOR AIRPORT TRAFFIC SIMULATION EVALUATION SO 29TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE: IMPROVING OUR ENVIRONMENT THROUGH GREEN AVIONICS AND ATM SOLUTIONS SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference on Improving Our Environment through Green Avionics and ATM Solutions CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, MITRE Corp, Boeing Co, Mentor Graph AB A Collision Avoidance for Airport Traffic (CAAT) concept for the airport Terminal Maneuvering Area (TMA) was evaluated in a simulation study at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center. CAAT is being designed to enhance surface situation awareness and provide cockpit alerts of potential conflicts during runway, taxi, and low altitude air-to-air operations. The purpose of the study was to evaluate pilot reaction to conflict events in the TMA near the airport, different alert timings for various scenarios, alerting display concepts, and directive alerting concepts. This paper gives an overview of the conflict detection and resolution (CD&R) concept, simulation study, and test results. C1 [Jones, Denise R.; Prinzel, Lawrence J., III; Shelton, Kevin J.; Bailey, Randall E.] NASA, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Otero, Sharon D.; Barker, Glover D.] Lockheed Martin Miss Serv, Hampton, VA USA. RP Jones, DR (reprint author), NASA, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4244-6617-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2010 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTM86 UT WOS:000287370600049 ER PT S AU Lai, CF Zelinski, S AF Lai, Chok Fung Zelinski, Shannon GP IEEE TI OPERATIONAL DYNAMIC CONFIGURATION ANALYSIS SO 29TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE: IMPROVING OUR ENVIRONMENT THROUGH GREEN AVIONICS AND ATM SOLUTIONS SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference on Improving Our Environment through Green Avionics and ATM Solutions CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, MITRE Corp, Boeing Co, Mentor Graph AB Seventy-eight air traffic sector configurations, recorded in operational data for Kansas City Air Route Traffic Control Center on February 8, 2007, were analyzed. A method is used to select a sequence of configurations and trigger times from the operational sector combination data. The selection process considers two key characteristics of sector combining and splitting operations: controller familiarity and sector continuity. Based on a distance score, the method selects three representative configurations. Configurations selected from the clustering algorithm were compared with the actual operational configurations. The main findings of the study were: 1) on average 2.8 sectors were changed at each reconfiguration event, 2) on average, after a reconfiguration about two aircraft were handed-off, two aircraft were received, and five aircraft remained in the sector, and 3) aircraft density change is the best sector change metric to access new dynamic airspace designs using a simplified reconfiguration. C1 [Lai, Chok Fung] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Zelinski, Shannon] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lai, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM chok.f.lai@nasa.gov; shannon.j.zelinski@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4244-6617-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2010 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTM86 UT WOS:000287370600030 ER PT S AU Nhut, TH Johnson, W Martin, P Lachter, J Dao, A Brandt, S Battiste, V AF Nhut Tan Ho Johnson, Walter Martin, Patrick Lachter, Joel Dao, Arik Brandt, Summer Battiste, Vernol GP IEEE TI PILOT RESPONSE TO OFF-NOMINAL CONDITIONS IN MERGING AND SPACING OPERATION SO 29TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE: IMPROVING OUR ENVIRONMENT THROUGH GREEN AVIONICS AND ATM SOLUTIONS SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference on Improving Our Environment through Green Avionics and ATM Solutions CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, MITRE Corp, Boeing Co, Mentor Graph AB This paper examines pilots' responses during a human-in-the-loop simulation to off-nominal conditions. During the simulation pilots used advanced flight deck tools to achieve automated spacing and merging assignments while in cruise, and prior to performing a continuous descent approach (CDA) into Louisville International Airport. The off-nominal conditions were represented by sparse and dense weather-patterned perturbations. Simulation results showed that, for the baseline nominal condition, the pilot response and the operation worked as expected. However, during off nominal conditions, qualitative analysis of traffic scenarios and quantitative data showed that pilot behavior in deviating for weather was difficult to predict, and that pilots often took aircraft-centric strategies to make decisions. These strategies lacked a system-centric perspective that could have allowed them to explore the availability of less disruptive and safer options. These responses formed emergent behaviors that may not have been anticipated by the system, and, can be attributed to the mismatches between the pilot strategies, the intended system/operation functionality, and the procedures/environment. Collectively these mismatches created dispersion in the temporal spacing at the merge point prior to the descent, flight path stretches that are likely larger than required, higher workload, and ultimately unfavorable initial conditions for the CDA operation subsequent to the weather encounter. To further develop the interval managed CDA concept, a number of recommendations were provided for aligning these mismatches by considering the nature of the decision processes within the operational concept and incorporating them into automation designs, by developing a battery of off-nominal scenarios and by conducting simulations to model and specify what the system should and should not do. C1 [Nhut Tan Ho; Martin, Patrick] Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Johnson, Walter] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lachter, Joel; Dao, Arik; Brandt, Summer; Battiste, Vernol] San Jose State Fdn, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Nhut, TH (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM nhuttho@csun.edu FU NASA Airspace Program FX The work described in this paper was supported by the NASA Airspace Program NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4244-6617-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2010 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTM86 UT WOS:000287370600080 ER PT S AU Sridhar, B Chen, NY Ng, HK AF Sridhar, Banavar Chen, Neil Y. Ng, Hok K. GP IEEE TI FUEL EFFICIENT STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING CONTRAIL FORMATIONS IN UNITED STATES AIRSPACE SO 29TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE: IMPROVING OUR ENVIRONMENT THROUGH GREEN AVIONICS AND ATM SOLUTIONS SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference on Improving Our Environment through Green Avionics and ATM Solutions CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, MITRE Corp, Boeing Co, Mentor Graph ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; IMPACTS; CIRRUS; AVIATION AB This paper describes a class of strategies for reducing persistent contrail formation in the United States airspace. The primary objective is to minimize potential contrail formation regions by altering the aircraft's cruising altitude in a fuel-efficient way. The results show that the contrail formations can be reduced significantly without extra fuel consumption and without adversely affecting congestion in the airspace. The contrail formations can be further reduced by using extra fuel. For the day tested, the maximal reduction strategy has a 53% contrail reduction rate. The most fuel-efficient strategy has an 8% reduction rate with 2.86% less fuel-burnt compared to the maximal reduction strategy. Using a cost function which penalizes extra fuel consumed while maximizing the amount of contrail reduction provides a flexible way to trade off between contrail reduction and fuel consumption. It can achieve a 35% contrail reduction rate with only 0.23% extra fuel consumption. The proposed fuel-efficient contrail reduction strategy provides a solution to reduce aviation-induced environmental impact on a daily basis. C1 [Sridhar, Banavar; Chen, Neil Y.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Ng, Hok K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Sridhar, B (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4244-6617-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2010 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTM86 UT WOS:000287370600001 ER PT B AU Stell, L AF Stell, Laurel GP IEEE TI ANALYSIS OF FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PREDICTIONS OF IDLE-THRUST DESCENTS SO 29TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE: IMPROVING OUR ENVIRONMENT THROUGH GREEN AVIONICS AND ATM SOLUTIONS SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference on Improving Our Environment through Green Avionics and ATM Solutions CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, MITRE Corp, Boeing Co, Mentor Graph AB To enable arriving aircraft to fly optimized descents computed by the flight management system (FMS) in congested airspace, ground automation must accurately predict descent trajectories. To support development of the predictor and its uncertainty models, descents from cruise to the meter fix were executed using vertical navigation in a B737-700 simulator and a B777-200 simulator, both with commercial FMSs. For both aircraft types, the FMS computed the intended descent path for a specified speed profile assuming idle thrust after top of descent (TOD), and then it controlled the avionics without human intervention. The test matrix varied aircraft weight, descent speed, and wind conditions. The first analysis in this paper determined the effect of the test matrix parameters on the FMS computation of TOD location, and it compared the results to those for the current ground predictor in the Efficient Descent Advisor (EDA). The second analysis was similar but considered the time to fly a specified distance to the meter fix. The effects of the test matrix variables together with the accuracy requirements for the predictor will determine the allowable error for the predictor inputs. For the B737, the EDA prediction of meter fix crossing time agreed well with the FMS; but its prediction of TOD location probably was not sufficiently accurate to enable idle-thrust descents in congested airspace, even though the FMS and EDA gave similar shapes for TOD location as a function of the test matrix variables. For the B777, the FMS and EDA gave different shapes for the TOD location function, and the EDA prediction of the TOD location is not accurate enough to fully enable the concept. Furthermore, the differences between the FMS and EDA predictions of meter fix crossing time for the B777 indicated that at least one of them was not sufficiently accurate. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Stell, L (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6617-7 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2010 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTM86 UT WOS:000287370600019 ER PT S AU Strybel, TZ Vu, KPL Bacon, LP Kraut, J Battiste, V Johnson, W AF Strybel, Thomas Z. Vu, Kim-Phuong L. Bacon, L. Paige Kraut, Joshua Battiste, Vernol Johnson, Walter GP IEEE TI DIAGNOSTICITY OF AN ONLINE QUERY TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING PILOT SITUATION AWARENESS IN NEXTGEN SO 29TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE: IMPROVING OUR ENVIRONMENT THROUGH GREEN AVIONICS AND ATM SOLUTIONS SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference on Improving Our Environment through Green Avionics and ATM Solutions CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, MITRE Corp, Boeing Co, Mentor Graph AB An online probe technique for measuring situation awareness and workload was evaluated for its ability to detect changes in awareness and workload caused by changes in roles and responsibilities for traffic separation. Three plausible NextGen concepts of operation were evaluated: Pilot primary (pilots responsible for traffic separation), ATC primary (ATC responsible for most traffic separation) and Automation Primary (automated conflict detection and resolution agent responsible for most traffic separation). Pilots were queried about task relevant information throughout a ninety-minute scenario. Queries were categorized into conflict, command and communications, and status information. Situation awareness was measured in terms of response latency and accuracy to the queries. Response latency to conflict queries changed with concept of operation, suggesting that online queries for specific task-relevant information can determine changes in situation awareness for task-specific information. C1 [Strybel, Thomas Z.; Vu, Kim-Phuong L.; Bacon, L. Paige; Kraut, Joshua] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Ctr Human Factors Adv Aeronaut Technol, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Battiste, Vernol; Johnson, Walter] Ames Res Ctr, NASA, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Battiste, Vernol] San Jose State Fdn, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Strybel, TZ (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Ctr Human Factors Adv Aeronaut Technol, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM tstrybel@csulb.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4244-6617-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2010 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTM86 UT WOS:000287370600071 ER PT B AU Wang, Y Sridhar, B AF Wang, Yao Sridhar, Banavar GP IEEE TI CONVECTIVE WEATHER FORECAST ACCURACY ANALYSIS AT CENTER AND SECTOR LEVELS SO 29TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE: IMPROVING OUR ENVIRONMENT THROUGH GREEN AVIONICS AND ATM SOLUTIONS SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference on Improving Our Environment through Green Avionics and ATM Solutions CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, MITRE Corp, Boeing Co, Mentor Graph AB This paper presents a detailed convective forecast accuracy analysis at center and sector levels. The study is aimed to provide more meaningful forecast verification measures to aviation community, as well as to obtain useful information leading to the improvements in the weather translation capacity models. In general, the vast majority of forecast verification efforts over past decades have been on the calculation of traditional standard verification measure scores over forecast and observation data analyses onto grids. These verification measures based on the binary classification have been applied in quality assurance of weather forecast products at the national level for many years. Our research focuses on the forecast at the center and sector levels. We calculate the standard forecast verification measure scores for en-route air traffic centers and sectors first, followed by conducting the forecast validation analysis and related verification measures for weather intensities and locations at centers and sectors levels. An approach to improve the prediction of sector weather coverage by multiple sector forecasts is then developed. The weather severe intensity assessment was carried out by using the correlations between forecast and actual weather observation airspace coverage. The weather forecast accuracy on horizontal location was assessed by examining the forecast errors. The improvement in prediction of weather coverage was determined by the correlation between actual sector weather coverage and prediction. The analysis was accomplished by using observed and forecasted Convective Weather Avoidance Model (CWAM) data collected from June to September in 2007. CWAM zero-minute forecast data with aircraft avoidance probability of 60% and 80% are used as the actual weather observation. All forecast measurements are based on 30-minute, 60-minute, 90-minute, and 120-minute forecasts with the same avoidance probabilities. The forecast accuracy analysis for times under one-hour showed that the errors in intensity and location for center forecast are relatively low. For example, 1-hour forecast intensity and horizontal location errors for ZDC center were about 0.12 and 0.13. However, the correlation between sector 1-hour forecast and actual weather coverage was weak, for sector ZDC32, about 32% of the total variation of observation weather intensity was unexplained by forecast; the sector horizontal location error was about 0.10. The paper also introduces an approach to estimate the sector three-dimensional actual weather coverage by using multiple sector forecasts, which turned out to produce better predictions. Using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model for this approach, the correlations between actual observation and the multiple sector forecast model prediction improved by several percents at 95% confidence level in comparison with single sector forecast. C1 [Wang, Yao; Sridhar, Banavar] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6617-7 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2010 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTM86 UT WOS:000287370600029 ER PT S AU Yates, AM Torres-Pomales, W Malekpour, MR Gonzalez, OR Gray, WS AF Yates, Amy M. Torres-Pomales, Wilfredo Malekpour, Mahyar R. Gonzalez, Oscar R. Gray, W. Steven GP IEEE TI HIGH-INTENSITY RADIATED FIELD FAULT-INJECTION EXPERIMENT FOR A FAULT-TOLERANT DISTRIBUTED COMMUNICATION SYSTEM SO 29TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE: IMPROVING OUR ENVIRONMENT THROUGH GREEN AVIONICS AND ATM SOLUTIONS SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference on Improving Our Environment through Green Avionics and ATM Solutions CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, MITRE Corp, Boeing Co, Mentor Graph ID TREE ANALYSIS AB Safety-critical distributed flight control systems require robustness in the presence of faults. In general, these systems consist of a number of input/output (I/O) and computation nodes interacting through a fault-tolerant data communication system. The communication system transfers sensor data and control commands and can handle most faults under typical operating conditions. However, the performance of the closed-loop system can be adversely affected as a result of operating in harsh environments. In particular, High-Intensity Radiated Field (HIRF) environments have the potential to cause random fault manifestations in individual avionic components and to generate simultaneous system-wide communication faults that overwhelm existing fault management mechanisms. This paper presents the design of an experiment conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center's HIRF Laboratory to statistically characterize the faults that a HIRF environment can trigger on a single node of a distributed flight control system. C1 [Yates, Amy M.; Torres-Pomales, Wilfredo; Malekpour, Mahyar R.] NASA, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Gonzalez, Oscar R.; Gray, W. Steven] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Yates, AM (reprint author), NASA, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM ayate004@odu.edu; w.torres-pomales@nasa.gov; mahyar.r.malekpour@nasa.gov; ogonzale@odu.edu; mahyar.r.malekpour@nasa.gov FU NASA Langley Research Center [NNX07AD52A] FX This research was supported by the NASA Langley Research Center under grant NNX07AD52A. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4244-6617-7 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2010 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BTM86 UT WOS:000287370600084 ER PT S AU Stella, PM Herman, JA AF Stella, Paul M. Herman, Jennifer A. GP IEEE TI THE MARS SURFACE ENVIRONMENT AND SOLAR ARRAY PERFORMANCE SO 35TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 20-25, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Solar Energy Industries Assoc AB January, 2010, marked the 6th anniversary for MER. This also marked the completion of more than three Martian years of solar array operation on Mars. During the spring of 2010, the MER rovers broke the RTG powered Viking Lander record for robotic operations on the Mars surface. Not only has a wealth of scientific information been obtained from MER but also a large quantity of data regarding factors that impact solar array performance. These include measurement of atmospheric dust, i.e., the atmospheric tau value. Additionally, dust buildup and removal from the solar array surfaces has been tracked. It is expected that the data from the rovers will enhance the prediction of future Mars surface solar array performance. Seasonal and annual trends have been identified. The results of these parameter analyses will be presented to assist in the design of future Mars surface solar power systems, both rover and stationary. C1 [Stella, Paul M.; Herman, Jennifer A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Stella, PM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-5891-2 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2010 AR 002631 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2010.5617185 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO69 UT WOS:000287579502192 ER PT J AU Yoshimura, K Haino, S Hasegawa, M Horikoshi, A Kumazawa, T Makida, Y Matsuda, S Matsumoto, K Nozaki, M Suzuki, J Tanaka, K Yamamoto, A Hams, T Mitchell, JW Moiseev, AA Streitmatter, RE Sasaki, M Abe, K Itazaki Matsukawa, Y Shikaze, Y Orito, R Takasugi, Y Takeuchi, K Fuke, H Yamagami, T Yoshida, T Kim, KC Lee, MH Myers, Z Seo, ES Nishimura, J Sakai, K Shinoda, R Ormes, JF Thakur, N AF Yoshimura, Koji Haino, S. Hasegawa, M. Horikoshi, A. Kumazawa, T. Makida, Y. Matsuda, S. Matsumoto, K. Nozaki, M. Suzuki, J. Tanaka, K. Yamamoto, A. Hams, T. Mitchell, J. W. Moiseev, A. A. Streitmatter, R. E. Sasaki, M. Abe, K. Itazaki Matsukawa, Y. Shikaze, Y. Orito, R. Takasugi, Y. Takeuchi, K. Fuke, H. Yamagami, T. Yoshida, T. Kim, K. C. Lee, M. H. Myers, Z. Seo, E. S. Nishimura, J. Sakai, K. Shinoda, R. Ormes, J. F. Thakur, N. GP SISSA TI Search for Novel Origins of Cosmic-ray Antiprotons and Antimatter with BESS-Polar Flight over Antarctica. SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (ICHEP 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference of High Energy Physics (ICHEP) CY JUL 22-28, 2010 CL Paris, FRANCE AB The primary aims of the BESS-Polar program are precise measurements of the low-energy antiproton spectrum and search for cosmologically significant antimatter, which would provide new clues to understand the early Universe. The second flight (BESS-Polar II) over Antarctica was successfully carried out in Dec 2007 - Jan 2008. We performed 24.5days scientific observation just at the solar minimum. The payload worked well during the flight and 4.7 billion cosmic-ray events were collected. Based on the BESS-Polar II data, we present recent preliminary results of cosmic-ray antiproton measurements and sensitive search for antimatter. C1 [Yoshimura, Koji; Haino, S.; Hasegawa, M.; Horikoshi, A.; Kumazawa, T.; Makida, Y.; Matsuda, S.; Matsumoto, K.; Nozaki, M.; Suzuki, J.; Tanaka, K.; Yamamoto, A.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Hams, T.; Mitchell, J. W.; Moiseev, A. A.; Streitmatter, R. E.; Sasaki, M.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Abe, K.; Itazaki; Matsukawa, Y.; Shikaze, Y.; Orito, R.; Takasugi, Y.; Takeuchi, K.] Kobe Univ, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Fuke, H.; Yamagami, T.; Yoshida, T.] Inst Space & Astronaut Sci ISAS JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Kim, K. C.; Lee, M. H.; Myers, Z.; Seo, E. S.] Univ Maryland, IPST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nishimura, J.; Sakai, K.; Shinoda, R.] Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Ormes, J. F.; Thakur, N.] Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Yoshimura, K (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM koji.yoshimura@kek.jp NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCUOLA INT SUPERIORE STUDI AVANZATI-SISSA PI TRIESTE PA VIA BONOMEA, 265, TRIESTE, 34136, ITALY PY 2010 AR UNSP 460 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG7ZH UT WOS:000392111500391 ER PT J AU Jung, C Lee, C Thomas, B Chattopadhyay, G Peralta, A Lin, R Gill, J Mehdi, I AF Jung, C. Lee, C. Thomas, B. Chattopadhyay, G. Peralta, A. Lin, R. Gill, J. Mehdi, I. GP IEEE TI Silicon Micromachining Technology for THz applications SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 05-10, 2010 CL Rome, ITALY AB Silicon micromachining technology is naturally suited for making THz components, where precision and accuracy are essential. We report here the development of a robust micromachining technology that has enabled us to make waveguide features in the 325 to 500 GHz range with nominal losses. Extension of this technology towards a wafer-level integrated submillimeter-wave receiver front-end is also discussed. This novel wafer-stacking architecture will enable ultra-compact two dimensional multi-pixel receiver front-ends in the THz range. C1 [Jung, C.; Lee, C.; Thomas, B.; Chattopadhyay, G.; Peralta, A.; Lin, R.; Gill, J.; Mehdi, I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Jung, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6657-3 PY 2010 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTU73 UT WOS:000288130600050 ER PT J AU Noroozian, O Day, PK Eom, BH Leduc, HG Zmuidzinas, J AF Noroozian, Omid Day, Peter K. Eom, Byeong Ho LeDuc, Henry G. Zmuidzinas, Jonas GP IEEE TI Microwave Crosstalk in Lumped Element Far-IR MKIDs SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 05-10, 2010 CL Rome, ITALY AB We have made close-packed far-infrared MKID arrays with similar to 250 pixels using TiN on silicon. Measurements show a large scatter in quality factor arising from crosstalk. This is confirmed by pump-probe experiments and EM simulations. Our new shielded resonator designs show very low crosstalk levels. C1 [Noroozian, Omid; Eom, Byeong Ho; Zmuidzinas, Jonas] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Day, Peter K.; LeDuc, Henry G.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Noroozian, O (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Noroozian, Omid/G-3519-2011 OI Noroozian, Omid/0000-0002-9904-1704 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6657-3 PY 2010 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTU73 UT WOS:000288130600498 ER PT J AU Thomas, B Gill, J Maestrini, A Lee, C Lin, R Sin, S Peralta, A Mehdi, I AF Thomas, B. Gill, J. Maestrini, A. Lee, C. Lin, R. Sin, S. Peralta, A. Mehdi, I. GP IEEE TI An integrated 520-600 GHz sub-harmonic mixer and tripler combination based on GaAs MMIC membrane planar Schottky diodes SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 05-10, 2010 CL Rome, ITALY AB We present here the design, development and test of an integrated sub-millimeter front-end featuring a 520-600 GHz sub-harmonic mixer and a 260-300 GHz frequency tripler in a single cavity. Both devices used GaAs MMIC membrane planar Schottky diode technology. The sub-harmonic mixer/tripler circuit has been tested using conventional machined as well as silicon micro-machined blocks. Measurement results on the metal block give best DSB mixer noise temperature of 2360 K and conversion losses of 7.7 dB at 520 GHz. Preliminary results on the silicon micro-machined blocks give a DSB mixer noise temperature of 4860 K and conversion losses of 12.16 dB at 540 GHz. The LO input power required to pump the integrated tripler/sub-harmonic mixer for both packages is between 30 and 50 mW. C1 [Thomas, B.; Gill, J.; Lee, C.; Lin, R.; Sin, S.; Peralta, A.; Mehdi, I.] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Maestrini, A.] Observ Paris, LERMA, Paris, France. [Maestrini, A.] Univ P&M Curie 6, Paris, France. RP Thomas, B (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6657-3 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTU73 UT WOS:000288130600345 ER PT S AU Cooper, LP AF Cooper, Lynne P. GP IEEE TI Playing a 3-stringed violin: Innovation via the joint evolution of people, process, and Knowledge Management System SO 43RD HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS SCIENCES VOLS 1-5 (HICSS 2010) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences (HICSS 2010) CY JAN 05-08, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business ID PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT; DESIGN AB Users continuously evaluate the value and performance of their Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) As suggested by a punctuated socio-technical system process model, today's success can quickly become tomorrow's failure should the KMS fail to meet evolving needs and expectations The more deeply a tool is embedded in the actual work process, the more vulnerable it is to emergent changes and perturbations This paper uses the metaphor of a "3-stringed violin" to explore how differing levels of user knowledge about tools and processes can lead to system perturbations and how the active involvement of other actors can dampen the impact of perturbations, i.e., help the system survive the operational equivalent of a broken string. Recommendations suggest ways to increase system resiliency and contribute to incremental innovation C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Cooper, LP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM lynne.p.cooper@jpl.nasa.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-1-4244-5509-6 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2010 BP 3299 EP 3308 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BRD18 UT WOS:000282391802154 ER PT S AU Balas, MJ Frost, SA AF Balas, Mark J. Frost, Susan A. GP IEEE TI Adaptive Control of Flexible Structures using Residual Mode Filters SO 49TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE ID SYSTEMS; SPACE AB Flexible structures containing a large number of modes can benefit from adaptive control techniques which are well suited to applications that have unknown modeling parameters and poorly known operating conditions. In this paper, we focus on a direct adaptive control approach that has been extended to handle adaptive rejection of persistent disturbances. We extend our adaptive control theory to accommodate troublesome modal subsystems of a plant that might inhibit the adaptive controller. In some cases the plant does not satisfy the requirements of Almost Strict Positive Realness. Instead, there maybe be a modal subsystem that inhibits this property. This section will present new results for our adaptive control theory. We will modify the adaptive controller with a Residual Mode Filter (RMF) to compensate for the troublesome modal subsystem, or the Q modes. Here we present the theory for adaptive controllers modified by RMFs, with attention to the issue of disturbances propagating through the Q modes. We apply the theoretical results to a flexible structure example to illustrate the behavior with and without the residual mode filter. C1 [Balas, Mark J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Frost, Susan A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Balas, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM mbalas@uwyo.edu; susan.frost@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-7746-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2010 BP 2620 EP 2624 DI 10.1109/CDC.2010.5717064 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWV28 UT WOS:000295049103012 ER PT S AU Chang, I Chung, SJ Blackmore, L AF Chang, Insu Chung, Soon-Jo Blackmore, Lars GP IEEE TI Cooperative Control with Adaptive Graph Laplacians for Spacecraft Formation Flying SO 49TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE ID DYNAMIC EQUATIONS; RELATIVE MOTION; GUIDANCE; SYSTEMS; ORBIT AB This paper investigates exact nonlinear dynamics and cooperative control for spacecraft formation flying with Earth oblateness (J(2) perturbation) and atmospheric drag effects. The nonlinear dynamics for chief and deputy motions are derived by using Gauss' variational equation and the Euler-Lagrangian formulation, respectively. The proposed cooperative control employs adaptive time-varying Laplacian gains. The tracking and diffusive coupling gains are adapted by the synchronization/tracking errors and distance-based connectivity, thereby defining a time-varying network topology. Moreover, the proposed method relaxes the network structure requirement and permits an unbalanced graph. Nonlinear stability is proven by contraction analysis and incremental input-to-state stability. Numerical examples show the effectiveness of the proposed method. C1 [Chang, Insu; Chung, Soon-Jo] Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Blackmore, Lars] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chang, I (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM chang162@illinois.edu; sjchung@illinois.edu; james.c.blackmore@jpl.nasa.gov OI Chung, Soon-Jo/0000-0002-6657-3907 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-7746-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2010 BP 4926 EP 4933 DI 10.1109/CDC.2010.5717516 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWV28 UT WOS:000295049105095 ER PT S AU Numata, K Chen, JR Camp, J AF Numata, Kenji Chen, Jeffrey R. Camp, Jordan BE Marka, Z Marka, S TI Fiber laser development for LISA SO 8TH EDOARDO AMALDI CONFERENCE ON GRAVITATIONAL WAVES SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves CY JUN 21-26, 2009 CL Columbia Univ, New York, NY HO Columbia Univ ID RING LASER; SINGLE-FREQUENCY AB We have developed a linearly-polarized Ytterbium-doped fiber ring laser with single longitudinal-mode output at 1064 nm for LISA and other space applications. Single longitudinal-mode selection was achieved by using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a fiber Fabry-Perot (FFP). The FFP also serves as a frequency-reference within our ring laser. Our laser exhibits comparable low frequency and intensity noise to Non-Planar Ring Oscillator (NPRO). By using a fiber-coupled phase modulator as a frequency actuator, the laser frequency can be electro-optically tuned at a rate of 100 kHz. It appears that our fiber ring laser is promising for space applications where robustness of fiber optics is desirable. C1 [Numata, Kenji] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Numata, Kenji; Camp, Jordan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Gravitat Astrophys Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chen, Jeffrey R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electro Opt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Numata, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kenji.numata@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 228 AR 012043 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/228/1/012043 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSH48 UT WOS:000284461800043 ER PT B AU Georganopoulos, M Sambruna, RM Kazanas, D Davis, DS Cillis, AN Cheung, CC Perlman, ES Blundell, KM AF Georganopoulos, M. Sambruna, R. M. Kazanas, D. Davis, D. S. Cillis, A. N. Cheung, C. C. Perlman, E. S. Blundell, K. M. BE Maraschi, L Ghisellini, G DellaCeca, R Tavecchio, F TI A New Way to Measure How Much Light Has Been Produced Since the Universe was Born SO ACCRETION AND EJECTION IN AGN : A GLOBAL VIEW SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Accretion and Ejection in AGN: A Global View CY JUN 22-26, 2009 CL Como, ITALY SP Insubria Univ, Phys Dept, Brera Astronom Observ, Natl Inst Astrophys, Giovanni Pareschi ID FORNAX-A; RADIO; LOBES AB The extragalactic background light (EBL) that; permeates the Universe in the optical-IR is very closely connected to the galaxy/large scale structure formation in our Universe. Unfortunately, measuring the EBL has been proven very difficult, for very simple reasons that I. will discuss in the first part of my talk. Luckily, we found a parameter-free way to break the deadlock of measuring the EBL with Fermi, NASA's new Gamma-ray satellite, observations of the lobes of nearby radio galaxies. Our method measures the energy density of the Cosmic Infrared Background at the location of radio galaxies by using Fermi Gamma-ray and multiwavelength observations of their radio lobes. We present an application of our method for the well-studied radio galaxy Fornax A, showing that Fermi observations will provide its with a direct, model independent measurement of the Cosmic Infrared Background. C1 [Georganopoulos, M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Georganopoulos, M.; Sambruna, R. M.; Kazanas, D.; Davis, D. S.; Cillis, A. N.; Cheung, C. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perlman, E. S.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Blundell, K. M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Georganopoulos, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-734-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 427 BP 177 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUO06 UT WOS:000289881400036 ER PT B AU Beilicke, M Baring, MC De Geronimo, C Dowkontt, P Garson, A Grindlay, J Harding, AK Hong, JS Krawczynski, H Kurfess, J Li, Q Martin, J Novikova, EI Wulf, EA AF Beilicke, M. Baring, M. C. De Geronimo, C. Dowkontt, P. Garson, A., III Grindlay, J. Harding, A. K. Hong, J. S. Krawczynski, H. Kurfess, J. Li, Q. Martin, J. Novikova, E. I. Wulf, E. A. BE Maraschi, L Ghisellini, G DellaCeca, R Tavecchio, F TI HX-POL - A Balloon-Borne Hard X-Ray Polarimeter SO ACCRETION AND EJECTION IN AGN : A GLOBAL VIEW SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Accretion and Ejection in AGN: A Global View CY JUN 22-26, 2009 CL Como, ITALY SP Insubria Univ, Phys Dept, Brera Astronom Observ, Natl Inst Astrophys, Giovanni Pareschi AB The design and estimated performance of a balloon-borne hard Xray polarimeter called HX-POL is reported. The experiment uses a combination of Si and Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors to measure the polarization of 50 500 keV X-rays through the dependence of the angular distribution of Compton scattered photons on the polarization direction. On a 15-30-day balloon flight, HX-POL would allow one to measure the polarization of bright Crab-like sources for polarization degrees down to a, few %. Hard X-ray polarization measurements provide unique venues for the study of particle acceleration processes by compact objects and relativistic outflows. C1 [Beilicke, M.; Dowkontt, P.; Garson, A., III; Krawczynski, H.; Li, Q.; Martin, J.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Kurfess, J.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. [De Geronimo, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Baring, M. C.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX USA. [Harding, A. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Grindlay, J.; Hong, J. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Beilicke, M (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012 FU NASA [NNX07AH37G] FX The Washington University group acknowledges support by NASA (grant NNX07AH37G). NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-734-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 427 BP 187 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUO06 UT WOS:000289881400039 ER PT B AU Bianchin, V Foschini, L Grandi, P Malaguti, G Ghisellini, G Tavecchio, F Tagliaferri, G Gliozzi, M Maraschi, L Pian, E Sarnbruna, RM Treves, A Wolter, A Di Cocco, G AF Bianchin, V. Foschini, L. Grandi, P. Malaguti, G. Ghisellini, G. Tavecchio, F. Tagliaferri, G. Gliozzi, M. Maraschi, L. Pian, E. Sarnbruna, R. M. Treves, A. Wolter, A. Di Cocco, G. BE Maraschi, L Ghisellini, G DellaCeca, R Tavecchio, F TI Monitoring the High-z Flat Spectrum Radio Quasar PKS 2149-306: Recent Observations with INTEGRAL and Swift SO ACCRETION AND EJECTION IN AGN : A GLOBAL VIEW SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Accretion and Ejection in AGN: A Global View CY JUN 22-26, 2009 CL Como, ITALY SP Insubria Univ, Phys Dept, Brera Astronom Observ, Natl Inst Astrophys, Giovanni Pareschi AB We present preliminary results of a multiwavelength campaign on the high-redshift (z=2.345) Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasar PKS 2149-306. The source was recently observed by INTEGRAL and simultaneous pointings were activated with Swift. We discuss the broad-band spectral properties, comparing present results with archival data. C1 [Bianchin, V.; Grandi, P.; Malaguti, G.; Di Cocco, G.] INAF IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Foschini, L.; Ghisellini, G.; Tavecchio, F.; Tagliaferri, G.; Maraschi, L.] INAF Osservatorio Astron, Merate 23807, Italy. [Gliozzi, M.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Pian, E.] Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. [Sarnbruna, R. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Treves, A.] Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Sci, Como, Italy. RP Bianchin, V (reprint author), INAF IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. RI Foschini, Luigi/H-3833-2012 OI Foschini, Luigi/0000-0001-8678-0324 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-734-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 427 BP 189 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUO06 UT WOS:000289881400040 ER PT J AU Uhran, ML AF Uhran, Mark L. TI Progress toward establishing a US national laboratory on the International Space Station SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Space stations; Space utilization; Microgravity; Space laboratories AB The International Space Station (ISS) is rapidly approaching the long-awaited completion of assembly. All United States (US) core elements have been integrated and tested on-orbit and the principle elements of the European and Japanese laboratories were successfully deployed in 2008. The fully envisioned configuration is on schedule to be completed as planned by the end of US government fiscal year 2010. Section 507 of the NASA Authorization Act of 2005 designated the US segment of the ISS as a "national laboratory", thereby opening up its use to other US government agencies, US private firms and US non-profit institutions. This paper reports on progress toward identifying and entering into agreements with entities outside of NASA that plan to use the ISS in the post-assembly timeframe. The original 1984 vision of a robust, multi-mission space station serving as a platform for the advancement of US science. technology and industry will soon be achieved. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NASA, Int Space Stn Program, Washington, DC 20003 USA. RP Uhran, ML (reprint author), NASA, Int Space Stn Program, 300 E St,SW, Washington, DC 20003 USA. EM mark.l.uhran@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.05.026 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 526PT UT WOS:000272305000015 ER PT J AU Rayman, MD Patel, KC AF Rayman, Marc D. Patel, Keyur C. TI The Dawn project's transition to mission operations: On its way to rendezvous with (4) Vesta and (1) Ceres SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Dawn; Vesta; Ceres; Electric propulsion; Ion propulsion; Mission operations ID ELECTRIC PROPULSION; EXPLORATION AB Dawn launched on 27 September 2007 on a mission to orbit main belt asteroids (4) Vesta in 2011-2012 and (1) Ceres in 2015. The operations team conducted an extensive set of assessments of the engineering subsystems and science instruments during the First 80 days of the mission. A major objective of this period was to thrust for one week with the ion propulsion system to verify flight and ground systems readiness for typical interplanetary operations. Upon successful conclusion of the checkout phase, the interplanetary cruise phase began, most of which will be devoted to thrusting. The flexibility afforded by the use of ion propulsion enabled the project to accommodate a launch postponement of more than three months caused by a combination of launch vehicle and tracking system readiness, unfavorable weather, and then conflicts with other launches. Even with the shift in the launch date, all of the science objectives are retained with the same schedule and greater technical margins. This paper describes the conclusion of the development phase of the project, launch operations, and the progress of mission operations through the conclusion of deterministic thrusting in October 2008. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rayman, Marc D.; Patel, Keyur C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Rayman, MD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mrayman@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The work described in this paper was carried out in part at the jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 230 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.05.012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 526PT UT WOS:000272305000023 ER PT J AU Elliott, J Alkalai, L AF Elliott, John Alkalai, Leon TI Lunette: A low-cost concept enabling multi-lander lunar science and exploration missions SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Lunar lander; Secondary payload AB The development of low cost missions for lunar exploration has emerged as a topic of increasing interest. Recently a study team from JPL was tasked to consider potential high-value lunar surface science and exploration missions that could be performed with small, low cost landed assets, with particular emphasis on missions that could be flown as secondary payloads on evolved expendable launch vehicle (EELV) launches. A mission concept and flight system design was developed in the course of this study that would deliver a network of up to six individual landers to a local lunar region, utilizing the full capabilities of the EELV secondary payload adapter (ESPA). The braking burn of the six landers would be performed by a single solid rocket motor integral with the ESPA ring, following which the landers would separate from the ESPA and perform final descent and precision landing using their own onboard propulsion systems. The six landers would initiate a one year mission, performing site survey and environmental science measurements including illumination, temperature, radiation, soil mechanics, and seismometry. Additional payload accommodation would be available on each lander to include unique experiments. The lander design was constrained to fit within the requirements for accommodation on the ESPA. These include a wet mass of no more than 180 kg, and dimensions that fit in an envelope of 61x71x96cm. The total landed mass of the conceptual spacecraft is similar to 140kg which would deliver a total of similar to 15 kg of payload mass to the lunar surface, per lander. In addition to the multi-lander ESPA-based design, a single lander flight system variant was developed that could enable globally distributed network science at very low cost. This paper discusses the mission concepts, flight system designs and numerous system engineering challenges that led to the development of this uniquely flexible and cost effective lunar mission concept. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Elliott, John; Alkalai, Leon] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Elliott, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jelliott@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.06.010 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 526PT UT WOS:000272305000027 ER PT J AU Zhou, D Semones, E O'Sullivan, D Zapp, N Weyland, M Reitz, G Berger, T Benton, ER AF Zhou, D. Semones, E. O'Sullivan, D. Zapp, N. Weyland, M. Reitz, G. Berger, T. Benton, E. R. TI Radiation measured for MATROSHKA-1 experiment with passive dosimeters SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Space radiation; MATROSHKA-1; CR-39 detectors; LET spectrum ID LOW-EARTH-ORBIT; INTERNATIONAL-SPACE-STATION; CR-39 DETECTORS; COSMIC-RAYS; AVIATION ALTITUDES; DOSE-EQUIVALENT; FIELD AB The radiation field in low Earth orbit (LEO) and deep space is complicated. The radiation impact on astronauts depends strongly on the particles' linear energy transfer (LET) and is dominated by high LET radiation. Radiation risk is a key concern for human space flight and can be estimated with radiation LET spectra measured for the different organs of an astronaut phantom. At present the best passive personal dosimeters used for astronauts are thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) and optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) for low LET and CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTDs) for high LET. CR-39 PNTDs, TLDs and OSLDs were used for the MATROSHKA-1 experiment to measure radiation experienced by astronauts outside the international space station (ISS). LET spectra and radiation field quantities (differential and integral fluence, absorbed dose and dose equivalent) were measured for the different organs and skin locations of the MAROSHKA phantom using CR-39 PNTDs and TLDs. The spectra and results call be used to determine the radiation quantities for astronaut's extra vehicular activity (EVA) and for the further in-depth study of the radiation risk for astronauts. Sensitivity fading of CR-39 detectors was observed for the MATROSHKA experiment and a practical method was developed to correct it. This paper presents the radiation LET spectra measured with CR-39 PNTDs and the total radiation quantities combined from results measured with CR-39 PNTDs and TLDs. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhou, D.; Semones, E.; Zapp, N.; Weyland, M.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Zhou, D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [O'Sullivan, D.] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Reitz, G.; Berger, T.] German Aerosp Ctr, DE-51147 Cologne, Germany. [Benton, E. R.] Eril Res Inc, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. RP Zhou, D (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 Nasa Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM dazhuang.zhou-1@nasa.gov RI Berger, Thomas/E-8495-2010; OI Berger, Thomas/0000-0003-3319-5740 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.06.014 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 526PT UT WOS:000272305000030 ER PT J AU Kanas, N Sandal, G Boyd, JE Gushin, VI Manzey, D North, R Leon, GR Suedfeld, P Bishop, S Fiedleri, ER Inoue, N Johannes, B Kealey, DJ Kraft, N Matsuzaki, I Musson, D Palinkas, LA Salnitskiy, VP Sipes, W Stuster, J Wang, J AF Kanas, N. Sandal, G. Boyd, J. E. Gushin, V. I. Manzey, D. North, R. Leon, G. R. Suedfeld, P. Bishop, S. Fiedleri, E. R. Inoue, N. Johannes, B. Kealey, D. J. Kraft, N. Matsuzaki, I. Musson, D. Palinkas, L. A. Salnitskiy, V. P. Sipes, W. Stuster, J. Wang, J. TI Psychology and culture during long-duration space missions (vol 64, pg 659, 2009) SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Correction C1 [Kanas, N.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, VAMC 116A, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. [Sandal, G.] Univ Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Boyd, J. E.] VA Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. [Manzey, D.] Berlin Univ Technol, Berlin, Germany. [North, R.; Sipes, W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Leon, G. R.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Suedfeld, P.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Bishop, S.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Galveston, TX USA. [Kraft, N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Matsuzaki, I.] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Musson, D.] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. [Palinkas, L. A.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Kanas, N (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, VAMC 116A, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. EM nick.kanas@ucsf.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 331 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.06.005 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 526PT UT WOS:000272305000032 ER PT S AU Burruss, RS Serabyn, E Mawet, DP Roberts, JE Hickey, JP Rykoski, K Bikkannavar, S Crepp, JR AF Burruss, Rick S. Serabyn, Eugene Mawet, Dimitri P. Roberts, Jennifer E. Hickey, Jeffrey P. Rykoski, Kevin Bikkannavar, Siddarayappa Crepp, Justin R. BE Ellerbroek, BL Hart, M Hubin, N Wizinowich, PL TI Demonstration of on sky contrast improvement using the Modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm at the Palomar Observatory SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE phase retrieval; mgs; high contrast coronagraphy; wavefront sensing; adaptive optics; HR8799 ID TELESCOPE; STAR AB We have successfully demonstrated significant improvements in the high contrast detection limit of the Well-Corrected Subaperture (WCS) using a number of steps aimed at reducing non-common path (NCP) wavefront errors, including the Autonomous Phase Retrieval Calibration (APRC)(1) software package developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for the Palomar adaptive optics instrument (PALAO). APRC utilizes the Modified Gerchberg-Saxton (MGS) wavefront sensing algorithm, also developed at JPL(2). The WCS delivers such excellent correction of the atmosphere that NCP wavefront errors not sensed by PALAO but present at the coronagraphic image plane begin to factor heavily as a limit to contrast. The APRC program was implemented to reduce these NCP wavefront errors from 110 nm to 35 nm (rms) in the lab, and now these exceptional results have been extended to targets on the sky for the first time, leading to a significant suppression of speckle noise. Consequently we now report a contrast level of very nearly 1x10(-4) at separations of 2 lambda/D before the data is post processed, and 1x10(-5) after post processing. We describe here the major components of our instrument, the work done to improve the NCP wavefront errors, and the ensuing excellent on sky results, including the detection of the three exoplanets orbiting the star HR8799. C1 [Burruss, Rick S.; Serabyn, Eugene; Mawet, Dimitri P.; Roberts, Jennifer E.; Bikkannavar, Siddarayappa] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Burruss, RS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8226-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7736 AR 77365X DI 10.1117/12.857544 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BSQ89 UT WOS:000285506400197 ER PT S AU Pueyo, L Wallace, K Troy, M Burruss, R Macintosh, B Soummer, R AF Pueyo, Laurent Wallace, Kent Troy, Mitch Burruss, Rick Macintosh, Bruce Soummer, Remi BE Ellerbroek, BL Hart, M Hubin, N Wizinowich, PL TI Advanced static speckle calibration for exo-planet imaging SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE exo-planets; coronagraphs; wavefront sensing ID WAVE-FRONT SENSOR; EXTREME ADAPTIVE OPTICS; LYOT CORONAGRAPHS; PHASE RETRIEVAL; STREHL RATIO; ABERRATIONS; DIVERSITY; SYSTEMS AB In this communication we address the problem of post coronagraphic wavefront reconstruction. In high contrast imaging applications it is crucial to estimate the wavefront after the coronagraph, as close as possible to the science camera, in order to minimize non-common path errors. However closing the loop on such a measurement is a difficult exercise since several low order modes have been cancelled by the coronagraphs, thus leading to ill-posed inversion problems. Moreover sensing at the science detector is an intrusive method that disrupts the course of the observations. The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) calibration system, based on a post-coronagraphic interferometer, provides an estimate of mid to high spatial frequencies aberrations that alleviates these two issues. However such a measurement have an intrinsic limitations that is related to the differential path errors between the two arm of the interferometer. In this paper we show how to devise wavefront reconstruction algorithms that account for these differential path errors. We identify two regimes, relative and absolute wavefront sensing, that depend on the magnitudes of the aberrations and the design of the coronagraph. We illustrate the performances for each regime. Finally we present experimental results obtained during the validation phase of show the results on laboratory data. C1 [Pueyo, Laurent; Wallace, Kent; Troy, Mitch; Burruss, Rick] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pueyo, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM lpueyo@jpl.nasa.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8226-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7736 AR 77362A DI 10.1117/12.858270 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA BSQ89 UT WOS:000285506400077 ER PT S AU Roberts, J Bouchez, AH Burruss, RS Dekany, RG Guiwits, SR Troy, M AF Roberts, Jennifer Bouchez, Antonin H. Burruss, Rick S. Dekany, Richard G. Guiwits, Stephen R. Troy, Mitchell BE Ellerbroek, BL Hart, M Hubin, N Wizinowich, PL TI Optical Characterization of the PALM-3000 3388-Actuator Deformable Mirror SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE deformable mirror; Xinetics; Palomar; adaptive optics; PALM-3000 AB We describe the lab characterization of the new 3,388-actuator deformable mirror (DM3388) produced by Xinetics, Inc. for the PALM-3000 adaptive optics (AO) system(1) under development by Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Caltech Optical Observatories. This square grid 66-by-66 actuator mirror has the largest number of actuators of any deformable mirror currently available and will enable high-contrast imaging for direct exoplanet imaging science at the Palomar 200" diameter Hale Telescope. We present optical measurements of the powered and unpowered mirror surface, influence functions, linearity of the actuators, and creep of the actuators. We also quantify the effect of changes in humidity. C1 [Roberts, Jennifer; Burruss, Rick S.; Guiwits, Stephen R.; Troy, Mitchell] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Roberts, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jennifer.roberts@jpl.nasa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8226-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7736 AR 77362E DI 10.1117/12.857815 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BSQ89 UT WOS:000285506400081 ER PT S AU Wallace, JK Burruss, RS Bartos, RD Trinh, TQ Pueyo, LA Fregoso, SF Angione, JR Shelton, JC AF Wallace, J. Kent Burruss, Rick S. Bartos, Randall D. Trinh, Thang Q. Pueyo, Laurent A. Fregoso, Santos F. Angione, John R. Shelton, J. Chris BE Ellerbroek, BL Hart, M Hubin, N Wizinowich, PL TI The Gemini Planet Imager Calibration Wavefront Sensor Instrument SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; coronagraph; wavefront sensing; planet detection ID STAR AB The Gemini Planet Imager is an extreme adaptive optics system that will employ an apodized-pupil coronagraph to make direct detections of faint companions of nearby stars to a contrast level of the 10(-7) within a few lambda/D of the parent star. Such high contrasts from the ground require exquisite wavefront sensing and control both for the AO system as well as for the coronagraph. Un-sensed non-common path phase and amplitude errors after the wavefront sensor dichroic but before the coronagraph would lead to speckles which would ultimately limit the contrast. The calibration wavefront system for GPI will measure the complex wavefront at the system pupil before the apodizer and provide slow phase corrections to the AO system to mitigate errors that would cause a loss in contrast. The calibration wavefront sensor instrument for GPI has been built. We will describe the instrument and its performance. C1 [Wallace, J. Kent; Burruss, Rick S.; Bartos, Randall D.; Trinh, Thang Q.; Pueyo, Laurent A.; Fregoso, Santos F.; Angione, John R.; Shelton, J. Chris] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Wallace, JK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM James.K.Wallace@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8226-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7736 AR 77365D DI 10.1117/12.858269 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BSQ89 UT WOS:000285506400179 ER PT S AU O'Dell, SL Brissenden, RJ Davis, WN Elsner, RF Elvis, M Freeman, M Gaetz, T Gorenstein, P Gubarev, MV Jerius, D Juda, M Kolodziejczak, JJ Murray, SS Petre, R Podgorski, W Ramsey, BD Reid, PB Saha, T Schwartz, DA Trolier-McKinstry, S Weisskopf, MC Wilke, RHT Wolk, S Zhang, WW AF O'Dell, Stephen L. Brissenden, Roger J. Davis, William N. Elsner, Ronald F. Elvis, Martin Freeman, Mark Gaetz, Terry Gorenstein, Paul Gubarev, Mikhail V. Jerius, Diab Juda, Michael Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J. Murray, Stephen S. Petre, Robert Podgorski, William Ramsey, Brian D. Reid, Paul B. Saha, Timo Schwartz, Daniel A. Trolier-McKinstry, Susan Weisskopf, Martin C. Wilke, Rudeger H. T. Wolk, Scott Zhang, William W. BE Khounsary, AM ODell, SL Restaino, SR TI High-resolution x-ray telescopes SO ADAPTIVE X-RAY OPTICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive X-Ray Optics CY AUG 03-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray telescopes; x-ray astronomy; adjustable optics ID DEEP FIELD-SOUTH; GENERATION-X; ASTRONOMY; MISSION; PERFORMANCE; SUPERMIRROR; OPTICS; IMAGES AB High-energy astrophysics is a relatively young scientific field, made possible by space-borne telescopes. During the half-century history of x-ray astronomy, the sensitivity of focusing x-ray telescopes-through finer angular resolution and increased effective area-has improved by a factor of a 100 million. This technological advance has enabled numerous exciting discoveries and increasingly detailed study of the high-energy universe-including accreting (stellar-mass and super-massive) black holes, accreting and isolated neutron stars, pulsar-wind nebulae, shocked plasma in supernova remnants, and hot thermal plasma in clusters of galaxies. As the largest structures in the universe, galaxy clusters constitute a unique laboratory for measuring the gravitational effects of dark matter and of dark energy. Here, we review the history of high-resolution x-ray telescopes and highlight some of the scientific results enabled by these telescopes. Next, we describe the planned next-generation x-ray-astronomy facility-the International X-ray Observatory (IXO). We conclude with an overview of a concept for the next next-generation facility-Generation X. The scientific objectives of such a mission will require very large areas (about 10000 m(2)) of highly-nested lightweight grazing-incidence mirrors with exceptional (about 0.1-arcsecond) angular resolution. Achieving this angular resolution with lightweight mirrors will likely require on-orbit adjustment of alignment and figure. C1 [O'Dell, Stephen L.; Elsner, Ronald F.; Gubarev, Mikhail V.; Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.; Ramsey, Brian D.; Weisskopf, Martin C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP O'Dell, SL (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM Steve.O'Dell@NASA.gov OI O'Dell, Stephen/0000-0002-1868-8056; Juda, Michael/0000-0002-4375-9688; Wolk, Scott/0000-0002-0826-9261; Trolier-McKinstry, Susan/0000-0002-7267-9281 NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8299-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7803 AR 78030H DI 10.1117/12.862315 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics GA BSU54 UT WOS:000285829000012 ER PT S AU Jacobson, N Hull, D Cawley, J Curry, D AF Jacobson, Nathan Hull, David Cawley, James Curry, Donald BE Zhu, D Lin, HT Mathur, S Ohji, T TI KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF OXIDATION OF THE REINFORCED CARBON/CARBON ON THE SPACE SHUTTLE ORBITER SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND INTERFACES V SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC)/Symposium on Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental and Functional Applications CY JAN 24-29, 2010 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) ID 1D-SIC/C/SIC COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; FIBERS; REACTIVITY; BEHAVIOR AB Reinforced carbon/carbon (RCC) protects the Space Shuttle Orbiter wing leading edge and nose cap from the heat of re-entry. The oxidation protection system is based on a SiC conversion coating. In this paper, fundamental laboratory oxidation studies from 600-1200 degrees C on RCC fabric, fabric and matrix, and SiC-protected carbon/carbon are discussed. Although conducted under laboratory conditions, these studies reproduce the morphologies observed under flight conditions. Oxidation below similar to 900 degrees C is reaction-controlled and is characterized by preferential attack of the matrix and thinning of the fibers. Further microscopy reveals that oxidation begins with preferential attack into the grooves of the fibers. At similar to 900 degrees C, there is a transition to diffusion-controlled oxidation. This is characterized by more localized attack near the surface of the carbon/carbon. For SiC-coated RCC, cavities form at the base of cracks in the SiC. This morphology lends itself to a two-step diffusion model for carbon oxidation. Fluxes are considered in both the SiC channel and growing cavity. Experiments show good agreement with the model predictions. These studies show the criticality of a stable coating system with filled cracks to protect RCC. C1 [Jacobson, Nathan; Hull, David] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Cawley, James] Case Western Res Univ, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Curry, Donald] Boeing Co, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Jacobson, N (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-94396-0; 978-0-470-59468-1 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 BP 3 EP 21 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BBU92 UT WOS:000308296400002 ER PT S AU Bhatt, RT Fox, DS Ali, AA AF Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. Fox, Dennis S. Ali, Abdul-Aziz BE Zhu, D Lin, HT Mathur, S Ohji, T TI STRENGTH DEGRADING MECHANISMS IN PLASMA SPRAY COATED SILICON NITRIDE SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND INTERFACES V SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC)/Symposium on Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental and Functional Applications CY JAN 24-29, 2010 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) ID ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIER COATINGS; MULLITE COATINGS; CARBIDE; OXIDATION AB Two high temperature grades of monolithic silicon nitrides were coated with a plasma sprayed barium aluminum strontium silicate (BSAS) based environmental barrier coating (EBC). Their room temperature flexural strengths were then measured. The EBC coated specimens showed nearly 50% loss in strength. Various factors such as substrate preparation methods, plasma spray damage to the substrate, thermal residual stresses, and stress raisers influenced the strength. To determine the strength degrading mechanism, the role played by various phases of the coating process on the substrate strength has been examined, and maximum thermal residual stresses generated in the coating has been modeled. Results indicate that three different types of flaws related to the coating deposition process in combination with tensile residual stress cause strength degradation. Of these flaws, two can be eliminated by pre and post processing treatments, but well bonded splats cannot be avoided. The splats and preexisting flaws on the substrate surface act as a stress raiser due to imposed tensile thermal residual stress of the coating, and thus cause strength degradation. C1 [Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.] USA, Vehicle Technol Ctr, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Fox, Dennis S.] Cleveland State Univ, Cleveland, OH USA. [Ali, Abdul-Aziz] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Bhatt, RT (reprint author), USA, Vehicle Technol Ctr, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-94396-0; 978-0-470-59468-1 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 BP 57 EP 65 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BBU92 UT WOS:000308296400005 ER PT S AU Tan, Y Longtin, J Sampath, S Zhu, DM AF Tan, Yang Longtin, Jon Sampath, Sanjay Zhu, Dongming BE Zhu, D Lin, HT Mathur, S Ohji, T TI EFFECT OF THERMAL GRADIENT ON THE THROUGH-THICKNESS THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF PLASMA-SPRAYED TBCS SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND INTERFACES V SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC)/Symposium on Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental and Functional Applications CY JAN 24-29, 2010 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) ID STABILIZED CUBIC ZIRCONIA; BARRIER COATINGS; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; HEAT-TREATMENT; YSZ; MICROSTRUCTURE; DELAMINATION; YTTRIA AB The harsh thermal environment in gas turbines, including elevated temperatures and high heat fluxes, induces significant thermal gradients in ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), which are used to protect metallic components. However, the thermal conductivity of plasma-sprayed TBC increases with exposure at high temperatures mainly due to sintering phenomena and possible phase transformation, resulting in potential thermal runaway issues. An analytical thermal model, as well as coating thermal conductivity data which are experimentally obtained, are used to determine the coating through-thickness temperature profile and effective thermal conductivity under gradient conditions at high temperatures. High heat flux rig tests are then performed on TBCs to evaluate coating thermal behavior under temperature gradient closed to service conditions. This combined approach provides a new sintering model and allows for assessment of temperature gradient effects on the thermal performance of plasma-sprayed TBCs. C1 [Tan, Yang; Longtin, Jon; Sampath, Sanjay] SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Thermal Spray Res, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Zhu, Dongming] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Tan, Y (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Thermal Spray Res, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM yangtan@gmail.com NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-94396-0; 978-0-470-59468-1 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 BP 75 EP 86 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BBU92 UT WOS:000308296400007 ER PT S AU Watson, PM AF Watson, Patricia Mendoza BE VoDinh, T Lieberman, RA Gauglitz, G TI Remote Sensing from Manned Low Earth Orbit Spacecraft: Implications for International Space Station SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGIES VII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies VII CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Space; Earth Observation; Remote Sensing; International Space Station; NASA AB This paper addresses the question of what contributions the International Space Station (ISS) can make as a sensor based remote sensing platform. There is precedent for the use of manned platforms in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Skylab had the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). In the Shuttle-Mir program, the Piroda module was dedicated to Earth sensing. One experiment in the Piroda, the Multispectral Stereo Scanner (MOMS-2PP) was used for quantifying the advantages of performing remote sensing on the ISS. The Space Shuttle program also made significant contributions to Earth observations. Sixteen missions carried electronic experiment packages for Earth observations and crew on almost every mission performed earth observations using cameras. Experiments planned for the ISS can also tell us much about the potential the ISS has as a remote sensing platform by examining their design and objectives. In March of 2009 an experiment called Agricultural Camera (AgCam) was delivered to the ISS for installation in the window of the Laboratory module. In fall of 2009 two more remote sensing experiments will arrive on the ISS -the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) and the Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System (RAIDS). These instruments will be combined on one experiment package, HICO-RAIDS experiment package (HREP), and will be placed outside the ISS, on an external platform. C1 NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Watson, PM (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8137-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7673 AR 76730F DI 10.1117/12.849725 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS34 UT WOS:000285625900010 ER PT S AU Farr, WH Birnbaum, K AF Farr, William H. Birnbaum, Kevin BE Itzler, MA Campbell, JC TI Bias dependant jitter of InGaAs(P) single photon detectors SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques IV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE single photon detector; photon counting; laser communications; laser ranging ID MU-M AB Output pulse jitter from single photon detection events in single photon sensitive detectors sets an upper limit to the useful bandwidth of a photon counting signal processing system. Unlike counting losses, single photon jitter is not improved by splitting the signal across a detector array, but rather degrades due to the introduction of additional variable propagation delays in additional wiring. We have observed that both the mean delay from photon arrival to output pulse and the delay variance (jitter) can be a strong function of detector bias conditions, as well as incident illumination conditions. We have characterized samples of both Geiger mode and negative-avalanche feedback (NAF) InGaAs(P) single photon detectors for single photon timing jitter at both 1.06 and 1.5 microns at temperatures ranging from 298K to below 200K. Using pulse-picked mode-locked laser sources, we attenuate the beam greatly to ensure that we are measuring true single photon mean delay and jitter, not a multi-photon response. C1 [Farr, William H.; Birnbaum, Kevin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Farr, WH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8145-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7681 AR 76810U DI 10.1117/12.851882 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSS23 UT WOS:000285622400019 ER PT S AU Krainak, MA Sun, XL Yang, GN Lu, W AF Krainak, Michael A. Sun, Xiaoli Yang, Guangning Lu, Wei BE Itzler, MA Campbell, JC TI Comparison of linear-mode avalanche photodiode lidar receivers for use at one micron wavelength SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques IV CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Avalanche photodiodes; lidar; photodetectors ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER AB Silicon avalanche photodiode (APD) detectors have been used in most space lidar receivers to date with a sensitivity that is typically hundreds of photons per pulse at 1064 nm, and is limited by the quantum efficiency, APD gain noise, dark current, and preamplifier noise. We have purchased and tested InGaAs avalanche photodiode based receivers from several US vendors as possible alternatives. We present our measurement results and a comparison of their performance to our baseline silicon APD. Using a multichannel scalar instrument, we observed undesired dark counts in some devices, even though the APDs were biased below the breakdown voltage. These effects are typically associated with over-biased Geiger-mode photon-counting, but we demonstrate that the probability distribution indicates their necessity at the high gains typically associated with operation slightly below the breakdown voltage. We measured the following parameters for our 0.8 mm diameter baseline silicon APD receiver: excess noise factor 2.5, bandwidth 210 MHz, minimum detectable pulse (10 ns) in incident photons 110 photons, noise equivalent power 30 fW/rt-Hz. We present our test procedures and results for the InGaAs based APD receivers. C1 [Krainak, Michael A.; Sun, Xiaoli; Yang, Guangning] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Krainak, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 554, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8145-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7681 AR 76810Y DI 10.1117/12.852906 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSS23 UT WOS:000285622400023 ER PT J AU Bar-Cohen, Y AF Bar-Cohen, Y. BE Uchino, K TI Electroactive polymers as actuators SO ADVANCED PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE EAP; electroactive polymers; polymer actuators; robotics; artificial muscles; biomimetics; biologically inspired technologies ID POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE FILMS; ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES; FERROELECTRIC POLYMERS; VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE; PIEZOELECTRICITY; PYROELECTRICITY; ELECTROSTRICTION; ELASTOMERS; SENSORS; ROBOTS AB Electroactive polymers (EAP) are actuators that most closely emulate biological muscles compared to any other actuators that are human-made and therefore they earned the moniker 'artificial muscles'. The materials that were developed in the early days of this field generated limited actuation strain and therefore received relatively little attention. However, over the last 20 years a series of EAP materials has emerged that exhibits a significant shape change in response to electrical stimulation. Their capability allowed producing and demonstrating various exciting and novel mechanisms including robot fish, catheter steering element, miniature gripper, loudspeaker, fishlike blimp, and dust-wiper. The impressive advances in improving their actuation strain are attracting the attention of many engineers and scientists from many different disciplines. These materials are particularly attractive to biomimetic applications since they can be used to make biologically inspired intelligent robots and other mechanisms. Increasingly, EAP actuated mechanisms are being engineered that were previously considered science fiction. This chapter reviews the state-of-the-art challenges and potential applications of EAP materials. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bar-Cohen, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 67-119, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM yosi@jpl.nasa.gov NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-534-7 PY 2010 BP 287 EP 317 D2 10.1533/9781845699758 PG 31 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BVB44 UT WOS:000290956500009 ER PT J AU Stulp, F Utz, H Isik, M Mayer, G AF Stulp, Freek Utz, Hans Isik, Michael Mayer, Gerd TI Implicit Coordination with Shared Belief: A Heterogeneous Robot Soccer Team Case Study SO ADVANCED ROBOTICS LA English DT Article DE Multi-robot coordination; robot communication; heterogeneous robot teams; robotic soccer AB A striking aspect of human coordination is that we achieve it with little or no communication. We achieve this implicit coordination by taking the perspective of others and inferring their intentions. In contrast, robots usually coordinate explicitly through the extensive communication of utilities or intentions. In this paper we present a method that combines both approaches: implicit coordination with shared belief. In this approach, robots first communicate their beliefs about the world state to each other, using a CORBA-based communication module. They then use learned utility prediction models to predict the utility of each robot locally. Based on these utilities, an action is chosen. Within a heterogeneous soccer team, with robots from both the Munich and Ulm research groups, we apply implicit coordination with shared belief to a typical task from robotic soccer: regaining ball possession. An empirical evaluation demonstrates that the redundancy of implicit coordination with shared belief leads to robustness against communication failure and state estimation inaccuracy. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden and The Robotics Society of Japan, 2010 C1 [Utz, Hans; Mayer, Gerd] Univ Ulm, Dept Neural Informat Proc, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Stulp, Freek; Isik, Michael] Tech Univ Munich, Intelligent Autonomous Syst Grp, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Utz, H (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA RIACS, Moffett Field, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM hans.utz@nasa.gov FU German Research Foundation (DFG) [SPP-1125] FX The research described in this paper is partly funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) in the SPP-1125, 'Cooperating Teams of Mobile Robots in Dynamic Environments', and also by the CoTeSys cluster of excellence (Cognition for Technical Systems, http://www.cotesys.org), part of the Excellence Initiative of the DFG. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-1864 EI 1568-5535 J9 ADV ROBOTICS JI Adv. Robot. PY 2010 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1017 EP 1036 DI 10.1163/016918610X496964 PG 20 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 600VJ UT WOS:000278016700005 ER PT S AU Ferragut, R Calloni, A Dupasquier, A Consolati, G Quasso, F Giammarchi, MG Trezzi, D Egger, W Ravelli, L Petkov, MP Jones, SM Wang, B Yaghi, OM Jasinska, B Chiodini, N Paleari, A AF Ferragut, R. Calloni, A. Dupasquier, A. Consolati, G. Quasso, F. Giammarchi, M. G. Trezzi, D. Egger, W. Ravelli, L. Petkov, M. P. Jones, S. M. Wang, B. Yaghi, O. M. Jasinska, B. Chiodini, N. Paleari, A. BE Higemoto, W Kawasuso, A TI Positronium Formation in Porous Materials for Antihydrogen Production SO ADVANCED SCIENCE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2009: POSITRON, MUON AND OTHER EXOTIC PARTICLE BEAMS FOR MATERIALS AND ATOMIC/MOLECULAR SCIENCES SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Science Research International Symposium CY NOV 10-12, 2009 CL Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, JAPAN SP Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr HO Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr ID POROSITY CHARACTERIZATION; ANNIHILATION LIFETIME; PORE-SIZE; BEAM; THERMALIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; MOLECULES; CRYSTALS; SURFACES AB Positronium (Ps) formation measurements in several porous materials as: Vycor, germanate Xerogel, Metal-Organic Frameworks MOF-177 and Aerogel with two densities (20 and 150 mg/cm(3)), were performed by means of a variable energy positron beam provided with a Ge detector and a positron lifetime spectrometer. An efficient formation of cooled Ps atoms is a requisite for the production of antihydrogen, with the aim of a direct measurement of the Earth gravitational acceleration g of antimatter, which is a primary scientific goal of AEGIS (Antimatter Experiment: Gravity, Interferometry, Spectroscopy). Porous materials are necessary to form a high yield of Ps atoms as well as to cool Ps through collisions with the inner walls of the pores. The different materials were characterized and produce Ps into the pores. Lifetime measurements give an estimation of the typical pores dimension of the substances. A comparative study of the positron lifetime and the Ps fraction values in the above mentioned materials indicates that silica Aerogel, with the appropriate density, is an excellent candidate for an efficient formation of cold Ps atoms for the AEGIS project. C1 [Ferragut, R.; Calloni, A.; Dupasquier, A.] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Via Anzani 42, I-22100 Como, Italy. [Ferragut, R.; Consolati, G.; Giammarchi, M. G.] Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Consolati, G.; Quasso, F.] Politecn Milan, Dept Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Trezzi, D.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Egger, W.; Ravelli, L.] Univ Bundeswehr Munchen, Inst Angewandte Phys Messtechnik, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany. [Petkov, M. P.; Jones, S. M.] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wang, B.; Yaghi, O. M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Reticular Chem, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Jasinska, B.] Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. [Chiodini, N.; Paleari, A.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Sci Mat, I-20125 Milan, Italy. RP Ferragut, R (reprint author), Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Via Anzani 42, I-22100 Como, Italy. EM rafael.ferragut@polimi.it RI WANG, BO/D-9762-2012; Quasso, Fiorenza/C-5671-2013; Consolati, Giovanni/C-5680-2013; calloni, Alberto/D-3092-2013; OI WANG, BO/0000-0001-9092-3252; Quasso, Fiorenza/0000-0002-2867-5830; Consolati, Giovanni/0000-0003-3614-245X; calloni, Alberto/0000-0002-7389-2703; Yaghi, Omar/0000-0002-5611-3325; Ferragut, Rafael Omar/0000-0002-6079-1831 FU Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy) FX We gratefully acknowledge Prof. Gianpaolo Rosati for the compaction of the MOF-177 samples. Work partially supported by Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy). NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 225 AR 012007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/225/1/012007 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BTK77 UT WOS:000287178900007 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Li, XF Tao, WK AF Wang Donghai Li, Xiaofan Tao, Wei-Kuo TI Responses of vertical structures in convective and stratiform regions to large-scale forcing during the landfall of severe tropical storm Bilis (2006) SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cloud-resolving simulation; large-scale vertical velocity; water vapor and hydrometeor mass fluxes; heat budgets ID RESOLVING MODEL SIMULATIONS; ICE-PHASE MICROPHYSICS; SOUTH CHINA SEA; CLOUD SYSTEMS; SQUALL LINES; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; MESOSCALE PROCESSES; RAINFALL PROCESSES; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; PART II AB The responses of vertical structures, in convective and stratiform regions, to the large-scale forcing during the landfall of tropical storm Bilis (2006) are investigated using the data from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. An imposed large-scale forcing with upward motion in the mid and upper troposphere and downward motion in the lower troposphere on 15 July suppresses convective clouds, which leads to similar to 100% coverage of raining stratiform clouds over the entire model domain. The imposed forcing extends upward motion to the lower troposphere during 16-17 July, which leads to an enhancement of convective clouds and suppression of raining stratiform clouds. The switch of large-scale lower-tropospheric vertical velocity from weak downward motion on 15 July to moderate upward motion during 16-17 July produces a much broader distribution of the vertical velocity, water vapor and hydrometeor fluxes, perturbation specific humidity, and total hydrometeor mixing ratio during 16-17 July than those on 15 July in the analysis of contoured frequency-altitude diagrams. Further analysis of the water vapor budget reveals that local atmospheric moistening is mainly caused by the enhancement of evaporation of rain associated with downward motion on 15 July, whereas local atmospheric drying is mainly determined by the advective drying associated with downward motion over raining stratiform regions and by the net condensation associated with upward motion over convective regions during 16-17 July. C1 [Wang Donghai] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Wang Donghai] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Appl & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Tao, Wei-Kuo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wang, DH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM d.wang@hotmail.com RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU State Key Basic Research Development Program [2004CB418300, 2009CB421504]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40633016, 40830958] FX The authors thank Shanghai Typhoon Institute for its diagram of the best track of tropical storm Bilis (2006) and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that significantly improved the manuscript. This research was supported by the State Key Basic Research Development Program (2004CB418300 and 2009CB421504), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 40633016 and 40830958. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s00376-009-8139-y PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 538BH UT WOS:000273158500003 ER PT J AU Hayashi, M Lanier, RC AF Hayashi, Miwa Lanier, Richard C. BE Kaber, D Boy, G TI Designing an Efficient Trajectory Clearance Information Format for Air Traffic Controllers' Displays SO ADVANCES IN COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS SE Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Some of the air traffic control decision-support tools currently being developed require controllers to issue complex trajectory information as clearances to pilots. If traditional voice communication, instead of a data link, is to be used, the trajectory information must be presented to the controller in a way that facilitates accurate clearance reading. The trajectory information should also be as compact as possible so the chance of obstructing critical traffic information is minimized. The present study examined the effects of three trajectory-clearance information formats-A) most abbreviated text, B) less-abbreviated text, and C) graphical format-on controllers' clearance-reading performance. The results showed tradeoffs between clearance readability and the amount and type of displayed information. The results also indicated importance of training if more-abbreviated format is to be used. C1 [Hayashi, Miwa] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Univ Affiliated Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lanier, Richard C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Fed Aviat Adm, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Hayashi, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Univ Affiliated Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-3492-3 J9 ADV HUM FACT ERG SER JI ADV. HUMAN FACT. ERG. SER PY 2010 BP 375 EP 385 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA BSY32 UT WOS:000286105400040 ER PT J AU Martin, L Cabrall, C Lee, P Jobe, K AF Martin, Lynne Cabrall, Christopher Lee, Paul Jobe, Kimberly BE Kaber, D Boy, G TI Potential Human Factors Issues in NextGen ATM Concepts SO ADVANCES IN COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS SE Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB As part of a recent project to identify and prioritize human performance issues (Lee, Sheridan, Poage, Martin, Cabrall & Jobe, 2009) related to NASA's Next Generation Air Transportation System ATM-Airspace Project (NextGen; SLDAST, 2007), a walkthrough of a future Separation Assurance (SA) concept was conducted. The walkthrough revealed that the Human Factors (HF) issues initially identified as problematic from a theoretical standpoint were not necessarily those that experienced Air Traffic Controllers (ATC), i.e., expert users, saw as stumbling points in the concept. These findings had particular implications for the example concept but more broadly emphasized that a range of human factors issues should be considered from the earliest points of future airspace concept designs. The initial driver for a detailed study, albeit a snapshot, of a NextGen operator was to take a "bottom-up" approach to complement our primarily theoretical, "top-down", analysis of human factors issues across NextGen Research Focus Areas (RFA) in the NASA Airspace Project. One concept instantiation from the Separation Assurance RFA, namely ground-based Automated Separation Assurance (ASA) (Erzberger, 2001), was chosen for a walkthrough. ASA was selected because prototype automation for the concept had been built in the NASA Airspace Operations Laboratory (AOL, NASA Ames Research Center). Therefore, one possible instantiation was available for review, which assisted with scoping a more general ground-based SA concept for the purposes of the walkthrough. C1 [Martin, Lynne; Cabrall, Christopher; Lee, Paul; Jobe, Kimberly] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose State Univ Fdn, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Martin, L (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose State Univ Fdn, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RI Cabrall, Christopher/M-7455-2015 OI Cabrall, Christopher/0000-0003-1357-0160 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-3492-3 J9 ADV HUM FACT ERG SER JI ADV. HUMAN FACT. ERG. SER PY 2010 BP 502 EP 512 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA BSY32 UT WOS:000286105400052 ER PT J AU Verma, S Kozon, T Ballinger, D AF Verma, Savita Kozon, Thomas Ballinger, Deborah BE Kaber, D Boy, G TI Preliminary Guidelines on Controller's Procedures for Pairing Aircraft for Simultaneous Approaches under Different Levels of Automation SO ADVANCES IN COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS SE Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The capacity of an airport can be halved during poor visibility conditions if the airport allows simultaneous approaches only during visual conditions. Several concepts are defining new standards, procedures and operations to allow simultaneous operations during poor weather conditions. However, all the concepts assume that the controllers pair the aircraft and align them for simultaneous approaches, but there are no decision support tools that aid them in this process. This study investigates different levels of automation for pairing and aligning aircraft and evaluates the role of the air traffic controller while interfacing with the tool. In all the conditions the goal was to deliver a pair of aircraft with a temporal separation of 15 s (+/- 10s error) at a "coupling" point that is about 12 nmi from the runway threshold. The logical pairing of aircraft is completed much earlier than the physical pairing of the aircraft that occurs at the coupling point. Four levels of automation were selected that ranged from no automation, to full automation suggesting optimal pair assignments. The metrics in this paper describe the highlights of what has been analyzed and include number of pairs made under different conditions, number of pairs broken and controlled as a single aircraft to prevent potential loss of separation, and excessive workload. It was found that the controllers pair aircraft differently from the pairing algorithm. Also the area coordinator responsible for creating aircraft pairings experienced higher workload than the sector controllers, suggesting that the roles of the controllers, when using this automation need further refinement. C1 [Verma, Savita; Kozon, Thomas; Ballinger, Deborah] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Verma, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-3492-3 J9 ADV HUM FACT ERG SER JI ADV. HUMAN FACT. ERG. SER PY 2010 BP 513 EP 523 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA BSY32 UT WOS:000286105400053 ER PT B AU Lee, PU Smith, N Prevot, T Homola, J Lee, H Kessell, A Brasil, C AF Lee, Paul U. Smith, Nancy Prevot, Thomas Homola, Jeffrey Lee, Hwasoo Kessell, Angela Brasil, Connie BE Kaber, D Boy, G TI Impact of Airspace Reconfiguration on Controller Workload and Task Performance SO ADVANCES IN COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS SE Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lee, Paul U.; Prevot, Thomas; Homola, Jeffrey; Lee, Hwasoo; Kessell, Angela; Brasil, Connie] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Lee, PU (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-3492-3 J9 ADV HUM FACT ERG SER JI ADV. HUMAN FACT. ERG. SER PY 2010 BP 534 EP 550 PG 17 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA BSY32 UT WOS:000286105400055 ER PT J AU Boy, GA Mazzone, R Conroy, M AF Boy, Guy A. Mazzone, Rebecca Conroy, Michael BE Kaber, D Boy, G TI The Virtual Camera Concept: A Third Person View SO ADVANCES IN COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS SE Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Virtual camera; planetary exploration; HCI; multi-agent systems AB A virtual camera (VC) encapsulates the "third person view" concept. This paper presents the VC perspective in planetary exploration. The concept was initially designed to support astronauts driving a Lunar rover. We extended the VC concept to robotic support to planetary exploration from the Earth. Human-computer interaction properties are presented together with a use case. Furthermore, the VC concept can be extended to a collaborative sensing-acting multi-agent system that is introduced in the balance of the paper. C1 [Boy, Guy A.] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, Pensacola, FL 32502 USA. [Mazzone, Rebecca; Conroy, Michael] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Div Informat Technol, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Boy, Guy A.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Boy, GA (reprint author), Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, 40 S Alcaniz St, Pensacola, FL 32502 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-3492-3 J9 ADV HUM FACT ERG SER JI ADV. HUMAN FACT. ERG. SER PY 2010 BP 551 EP 559 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA BSY32 UT WOS:000286105400056 ER PT S AU Tuttle, J Canavan, E DiPirro, M AF Tuttle, J. Canavan, E. DiPirro, M. BE Balachandran, U TI THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS OF CDA 510 PHOSPHOR BRONZE SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING (MATERIALS), VOL 56: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Ctrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE phosphor bronze; Wiedemann-Franz; electrical resistivity; thermal conductivity ID TEMPERATURE TRANSPORT PROPERTIES; ALLOYS AB Many cryogenic systems use electrical cables containing phosphor bronze wire. While phosphor bronze's electrical and thermal conductivity values have been published, results vary among different phosphor bronze formulations. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will use several phosphor bronze wire harnesses containing a specific formulation (CDA 510, annealed temper). These harnesses dominate the heat conducted into the JWST instrument stage, and approximately half of the harness conductance is due to the phosphor bronze wires. Since the JWST radiators are expected to keep the instruments at their operating temperature with limited cooling margin, it is important to know the thermal conductivity of the actual alloy being used. We describe an experiment that measured its electrical and thermal conductivity between 4 and 295 Kelvin. C1 [Tuttle, J.; Canavan, E.; DiPirro, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tuttle, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 552, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1219 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1063/1.3402333 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQB51 UT WOS:000280573400008 ER PT S AU Homan, J Montz, M Ganni, V Sidi-Yekhlef, A Knudsen, P Creel, J Arenius, D Garcia, S AF Homan, J. Montz, M. Ganni, V. Sidi-Yekhlef, A. Knudsen, P. Creel, J. Arenius, D. Garcia, S. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI THE LIQUID NITROGEN SYSTEM FOR CHAMBER A; A CHANGE FROM ORIGINAL FORCED FLOW DESIGN TO A NATURAL FLOW (THERMO SIPHON) SYSTEM SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE nitrogen; cycles; refrigeration; natural flow; gravity flow; thermo siphon AB NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston is presently working toward modifying the original forced flow liquid nitrogen cooling system for the thermal shield in the space simulation chamber-A in Building 32 to work as a natural flow (thermo siphon) system. Chamber A is 19.8 m (65 ft) in diameter and 35.66 m (117 ft) high. The LN2 shroud environment within the chamber is approximately 17.4 m (57 ft) in diameter and 28 m (92 ft) high. The new thermo siphon system will improve the reliability, stability of the system. Also it will reduce the operating temperature and the liquid nitrogen use to operate the system. This paper will present the requirements for the various operating modes. System level thermodynamic comparisons of the existing system to the various options studied and the final option selected will be outlined. A thermal and hydraulic analysis to validate the selected option for the conversion of the current forced flow to natural flow design will be discussed. The proposed modifications to existing system to convert to natural circulation (thermo siphon) system and the design features to help improve the operations, and maintenance of the system will be presented. C1 [Homan, J.; Montz, M.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Ganni, V.; Sidi-Yekhlef, A.; Knudsen, P.; Creel, J.; Arenius, D.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Garcia, S.] Jacobs Technol Engn & Sci ESCG, JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Homan, J (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 207 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422355 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800026 ER PT S AU Shirron, PJ Kimball, MO Wegel, DC Miller, FK AF Shirron, P. J. Kimball, M. O. Wegel, D. C. Miller, F. K. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI OPTIMIZATION OF A TWO-STAGE ADR FOR THE SOFT X-RAY SPECTROMETER (SXS) INSTRUMENT ON THE ASTRO-H MISSION SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration; low temperature detectors; cryogenic coolers; magnetic refrigeration AB NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center has begun developing the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) instrument that will be flown on the Japanese Astro-H mission. The SXS's 36-pixel detector array will be cooled to 50 mK using a two-stage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR). A complicating factor for its design is that the ADR will be integrated into a superfluid helium dewar at 1.3 K that will be coupled to a 1.8 K Joule-Thomson (JT) stage through a heat switch. When liquid helium is present, the coupling will be weak, and the JT stage will act primarily as a shield to reduce parasitic heat loads. When the liquid is depleted, the heat switch will couple more strongly so that the ADR can continue to operate using the JT stage as its heat sink. A two-stage ADR is the most mass efficient option and it has the operational flexibility to work well with a stored cryogen and a cryocooler. The stages are operated independently, and this opens up a very large parameter space for optimizing the design. This paper discusses the optimization process and most relevant trades considered in the design of the SXS ADR, and its expected performance. C1 [Shirron, P. J.; Kimball, M. O.; Wegel, D. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Miller, F. K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53715 USA. RP Shirron, PJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Miller, Franklin/S-3931-2016 OI Miller, Franklin/0000-0001-5942-1991 FU NASA through GSFC FX This work is supported by NASAs Science Mission Directorate through the GSFCs Explorers Project Office. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 388 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422379 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800049 ER PT S AU Wikus, P Adams, JS Bagdasarova, Y Bandler, SR Doriese, WB Eckart, ME Figueroa-Feliciano, E Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Leman, SW McCammon, D Porter, FS Rutherford, JM Trowbridge, SN AF Wikus, P. Adams, J. S. Bagdasarova, Y. Bandler, S. R. Doriese, W. B. Eckart, M. E. Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Kelley, R. L. Kilbourne, C. A. Leman, S. W. McCammon, D. Porter, F. S. Rutherford, J. M. Trowbridge, S. N. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI THE ADIABATIC DEMAGNETIZATION REFRIGERATOR FOR THE MICRO-X SOUNDING ROCKET TELESCOPE SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Space cryogenics; Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator; Low Temperature Detectors; Magnetic Shielding; Kevlar Suspension Systems ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; KEVLAR AB The Micro-X Imaging X-ray Spectrometer is a sounding rocket payload slated for launch in 2011. An array of Transition Edge Sensors, which is operated at a bath temperature of 50 mK, will be used to obtain a high resolution spectrum of the Puppis-A supernova remnant. An Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator (ADR) with a 75 gram Ferric Ammonium Alum (FAA) salt pill in the bore of a 4 T superconducting magnet provides a stable heat sink for the detector array only a few seconds after burnout of the rocket motors. This requires a cold stage design with very short thermal time constants. A suspension made from Kevlar strings holds the 255 gram cold stage in place. It is capable of withstanding loads in excess of 200g. Stable operation of the TES array in proximity to the ADR magnet is ensured by a three-stage magnetic shielding system which consists of a superconducting can, a high-permeability shield and a bucking coil. The development and testing of the Micro-X payload is well underway. C1 [Wikus, P.; Bagdasarova, Y.; Figueroa-Feliciano, E.; Leman, S. W.; Rutherford, J. M.; Trowbridge, S. N.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Adams, J. S.; Bandler, S. R.; Eckart, M. E.; Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Porter, F. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Doriese, W. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McCammon, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wikus, P (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; FU NASA [NNX07AK52G] FX This work has been conducted under NASA grant NNX07AK52G. We thank Alexander Usoskin of Bruker HTS GmbH and Aashish Chourey of American Magnetics Inc. for supplying samples of superconducting materials for the construction of the Micro-X cryostat. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 633 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422413 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800078 ER PT S AU Sass, JP St Cyr, WW Barrett, TM Baumgartner, RG Lott, JW Fesmire, JE AF Sass, J. P. St Cyr, W. W. Barrett, T. M. Baumgartner, R. G. Lott, J. W. Fesmire, J. E. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI GLASS BUBBLES INSULATION FOR LIQUID HYDROGEN STORAGE TANKS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Glass bubble; perlite; insulation; liquid hydrogen; storage tank AB A full-scale field application of glass bubbles insulation has been demonstrated in a 218,000 L liquid hydrogen storage tank. This work is the evolution of extensive materials testing, laboratory scale testing, and system studies leading to the use of glass bubbles insulation as a cost efficient and high performance alternative in cryogenic storage tanks of any size. The tank utilized is part of a rocket propulsion test complex at the NASA Stennis Space Center and is a 1960's vintage spherical double wall tank with an evacuated annulus. The original perlite that was removed from the annulus was in pristine condition and showed no signs of deterioration or compaction. Test results show a significant reduction in liquid hydrogen boiloff when compared to recent baseline data prior to removal of the perlite insulation. The data also validates the previous laboratory scale testing (1000 L) and full-scale numerical modeling (3,200,000 L) of boiloff in spherical cryogenic storage tanks. The performance of the tank will continue to be monitored during operation of the tank over the coming years. C1 [Sass, J. P.; Fesmire, J. E.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [St Cyr, W. W.; Lott, J. W.] NASA, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Barrett, T. M.] 3M Co, Energy & Adv Mat Div, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Baumgartner, R. G.] Technol Applicat Inc, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Sass, JP (reprint author), NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. FU NASA FX This work was supported by corporate and NASA funding through the Innovative Partnerships Program administered by NASA Headquarters. We thank Randy Galloway, Bartt Hebert, and Stan Gill of Stennis Space Center for their vision, cooperation, and support in bringing this full-scale field application of a laboratory technology to fruition. We also wish to thank all of the engineers and technicians at the E-1 test complex for their dedication to making this project a success. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 772 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422430 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800094 ER PT S AU Johnson, WL Demko, JA Fesmire, JE AF Johnson, W. L. Demko, J. A. Fesmire, J. E. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI ANALYSIS AND TESTING OF MULTILAYER AND AEROGEL INSULATION CONFIGURATIONS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Multilayer insulation; aerogel; composite insulation materials AB Multilayer insulation systems that have robust operational characteristics have long been a goal of many research projects. Such thermal insulation systems may need to offer some degree of structural support and/or mechanical integrity during loss of vacuum scenarios while continuing to provide insulative value to the vessel. Aerogel-based composite blankets can be the best insulation materials in ambient pressure environments; in high vacuum, the thermal performance of aerogel improves by about one order of magnitude. Standard multilayer insulation (MU) is typically 50% worse at ambient pressure and at soft vacuum, but as much as two or three orders of magnitude better at high vacuum. Different combinations of aerogel blanket and multilayer insulation materials have been tested at the Cryogenics Test Laboratory of NASA Kennedy Space Center. Analysis performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory showed an importance to the relative location of the MU I and aerogel blankets. Apparent thermal conductivity testing under cryogenic-vacuum conditions was performed to verify the analytical conclusion. Tests results are shown to be in agreement with the analysis which indicated that the best performance is obtained with aerogel layers located in the middle of the blanket insulation system. C1 [Johnson, W. L.; Fesmire, J. E.] NASA, KT E, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32780 USA. [Demko, J. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 20775 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), NASA, KT E, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32780 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 780 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422431 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800095 ER PT S AU Riesco, ME McLean, CH Mills, GL Buerger, S Meyer, ML AF Riesco, M. E. McLean, C. H. Mills, G. L. Buerger, S. Meyer, M. L. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI VENTING AND HIGH VACUUM PERFORMANCE OF LOW DENSITY MULTILAYER INSULATION SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Multilayer Insulation; Vacuum Insulation; Cryogenic Propellants AB The NASA Exploration Program is currently studying the use liquid oxygen, liquid methane and liquid hydrogen for propulsion in future spacecraft for Exploration of the Moon and Mars. This will require the efficient long term, on-orbit storage of these cryogenic propellants. Multi layer Insulation (MLI) will be critical to achieving the required thermal performance since it has much lower heat transfer than any other insulation when used in a vacuum. MLI with a low density (<= 10 layers/cm) has been shown in previous work to be the most mass efficient. The size and mass constraints of these propulsion systems will not allow a structural shell to be used to provide vacuum for the MLI during ground hold and launch. The baseline approach is to purge the MLI during ground hold with an inert gas which is then vented during launch ascent and on-orbit. This paper presents the results on experimental tests and modeling performed by Ball Aerospace on low density, non-perforated MLI used to insulate a cryogenic tank simulating an Exploration cryogenic propellant storage vessel. These include measurements of the rate of venting and of the heat transfer of gas filled insulation, fully evacuated insulation and during the transition in between. Results of transient computer modeling of the MLI venting and heat transfer process are also presented. Previous work by some of the authors performed vent testing using MLI with perforations and slits and a slow pump down rate. C1 [Riesco, M. E.; McLean, C. H.; Mills, G. L.; Buerger, S.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Meyer, M. L.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Riesco, ME (reprint author), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 796 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422433 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800097 ER PT S AU Johnson, WL AF Johnson, W. L. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI OPTIMIZATION OF LAYER DENSITIES FOR MULTILAYERED INSULATION SYSTEMS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Multilayer Insulation; thermal insulation AB Numerous tests of various multilayer insulation systems have indicated that there are optimal densities for these systems. However, the only method of calculating this optimal density was by a complex physics based algorithm developed by McIntosh. In the 1970's much data were collected on the performance of these insulation systems with many different variables analyzed. All formulas generated included number of layers and layer density as geometric variables in solving for the heat flux, none of them was in a differentiable form for a single geometric variable. It was recently discovered that by converting the equations from heat flux to thermal conductivity using Fourier's Law, the equations became functions of layer density, temperatures, and material properties only. The thickness and number of layers of the blanket were merged into a layer density. These equations were then differentiated with respect to layer density. By setting the first derivative equal to zero, and solving for the layer density, the critical layer density was determined. This method was checked and validated using test data from the Multipurpose Hydrogen Testbed which was designed using McIntosh's algorithm. C1 NASA, KT E, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), NASA, KT E, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 804 EP 811 DI 10.1063/1.3422434 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800098 ER PT S AU Johnson, WL Fesmire, JE AF Johnson, W. L. Fesmire, J. E. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI CRYOGENIC TESTING OF DIFFERENT SEAM CONCEPTS FOR MULTILAYER INSULATION SYSTEMS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Multilayer insulation; insulation seams; cryogenic testing AB Recent testing in a cylindrical, comparative cryostat at the Cryogenics Test Laboratory focused on various seam concepts for multilayer insulation systems. Three main types of seams were investigated: straight overlap, fold-over, and roll wrapped. Each blanket was composed of 40 layer pairs of reflector and spacer materials. The total thickness was approximately 12.5 mm giving an average layer density of 32 layers per centimeter. Test results show that all three seam concepts are all close in thermal performance; however, the fold-over method provides the lowest heat flux. For the first series of tests, seams were located 120 degrees around the circumference of the cryostat from the previous seam. This technique appears to have lessened the degradation of the blanket due to the seams. In a follow-on test, a 20 layer blanket was tested in a roll wrapped configuration and then cut down the side of the cylinder, taped together, and retested. This test result shows the thermal performance impact of having the seams all in one location versus having the seams clocked around the vessel. This experimental investigation indicates that the method of joining the seams in multilayer insulation systems is not as critical as the quality of the installation process. C1 [Johnson, W. L.; Fesmire, J. E.] NASA, KT E, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32780 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), NASA, KT E, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32780 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 905 EP 912 DI 10.1063/1.3422447 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800110 ER PT S AU Coffman, BE Fesmire, JE White, S Gould, G Augustynowicz, S AF Coffman, B. E. Fesmire, J. E. White, S. Gould, G. Augustynowicz, S. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI AEROGEL BLANKET INSULATION MATERIALS FOR CRYOGENIC APPLICATIONS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE cryogenic tanks; thermal insulation; composite materials; aerogel; thermal conductivity; liquid nitrogen boil-off AB Aerogel blanket materials for use in thermal insulation systems are now commercially available and implemented by industry. Prototype aerogel blanket materials were presented at the Cryogenic Engineering Conference in 1997 and by 2004 had progressed to full commercial production by Aspen Aerogels. Today, this new technology material is providing superior energy efficiencies and enabling new design approaches for more cost-effective cryogenic systems. Aerogel processing technology and methods are continuing to improve, offering a tailorable array of product formulations for many different thermal and environmental requirements. Many different varieties and combinations of aerogel blankets have been characterized using insulation test cryostats at the Cryogenics Test Laboratory of NASA Kennedy Space Center. Detailed thermal conductivity data for a select group of materials are presented for engineering use. Heat transfer evaluations for the entire vacuum pressure range, including ambient conditions, are given. Examples of current cryogenic applications of aerogel blanket insulation are also given. C1 [Coffman, B. E.; Fesmire, J. E.] NASA, KT E, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [White, S.; Gould, G.] Aspen Aerogels Inc, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. [Augustynowicz, S.] Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Coffman, BE (reprint author), NASA, KT E, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 913 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422458 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800111 ER PT S AU Koravos, JJ Miller, TM Fesmire, JE Coffman, BE AF Koravos, J. J. Miller, T. M. Fesmire, J. E. Coffman, B. E. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI NANOGEL AEROGEL AS LOAD BEARING INSULATION FOR CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Cryogenic piping; tanks; thermal insulation; granular materials; aerogel; thermal conductivity; liquid nitrogen boil-off AB Load support structures in cryogenic storage, transport and processing systems are large contributors to the total heat leak of the system. Conventional insulation systems require the use of these support members in order to stabilize the process fluid enclosure and prevent degradation of insulation performance due to compression. Removal of these support structures would substantially improve system efficiency. Nanogel aerogel insulation performance is tested at vacuum pressures ranging from high vacuum to atmospheric pressure and under loads from loosely packed to greater than 10,000 Pa. Insulation performance is determined using boil-off calorimetry with liquid nitrogen as the latent heat recipient. Two properties of the aerogel insulation material suit it to act as a load bearing "structure" in a process vessel: (1) Ability to maintain thermal performance under load; (2) Elasticity when subjected to load. Results of testing provide positive preliminary indication that these properties allow Nanogel aerogel to effectively be used as a load bearing insulation in cryogenic systems. C1 [Koravos, J. J.; Miller, T. M.] Cabot Corp, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Fesmire, J. E.; Coffman, B. E.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, KTE, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Koravos, JJ (reprint author), Cabot Corp, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 921 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422461 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800112 ER PT S AU Makowski, KP Larson, ME Loc, AS Zhang, BX Leland, RS Hayashi, B AF Makowski, K. P. Larson, M. E. Loc, A. S. Zhang, B. X. Leland, R. S. Hayashi, B. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW HEAT LEAK CFRP STAND FOR MIRI COOLER JT HEAT EXCHANGER STAGE SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE heat exchanger; heat leak; composite material; CFRP; cryogenic; JWST; MIRI; cooler; cryocooler; hexapod AB A low heat leak stand is being developed for the Heat exchanger Stage Assembly (HSA) of the cryocooler subsystem for the Mid Infra-Red Instrument (MIRI) of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The HSA stand is a hexapod structure supporting the 18 K HSA in a nominal 40 K background environment. Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) has been selected for this application to meet the stringent design requirements of a low parasitic heat leak (less than 3.8 mW including both conductive and radiative heat loads for the thermal environment defined above) and a resonance frequency above 120 Hz. A directional lay-up of T300/polycyanate has been chosen for the construction of the hexapod struts. End fittings made of Invar 36 are bonded to the struts to provide structural interfaces. The development effort includes fabricating and testing (including cryogenic thermal cycling) six types of coupons for material characterization, determination of structural degradation due to thermal cycling, and selection of the joint bonding epoxy. Consequently, strut samples are used for final material characterization, performance assessment, and bond joint design evaluation. This paper describes the development process and addresses the challenges in meeting the design requirements. Results of finite clement analysis (FEA) for the composite structure and experimental data collected through structural and thermal testing are also presented. C1 [Makowski, K. P.; Hayashi, B.] Alliance Spacesyst LLC, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA. [Larson, M. E.; Loc, A. S.; Zhang, B. X.; Leland, R. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Makowski, KP (reprint author), Alliance Spacesyst LLC, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1015 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422260 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800123 ER PT S AU Homan, J Ganni, V Sidi-Yekhlef, A Creel, J Norton, R Linza, R Vargas, G Lauterbach, J Urbin, J Howe, D AF Homan, J. Ganni, V. Sidi-Yekhlef, A. Creel, J. Norton, R. Linza, R. Vargas, G. Lauterbach, J. Urbin, J. Howe, D. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI FLOATING PRESSURE CONVERSION OF TWO 3.5KW, 20K, HELIUM REFRIGERATORS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE helium; cycles; refrigerator; screw compressor; efficiency AB Two helium refrigerators, each rated for 3.5KW at 20K, are used at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Building No. 32 to provide cryogenic-pumping within two large thermal-vacuum chambers. These refrigerators were originally commissioned in 1996. New changes to the controls of these refrigerators were recently completed. This paper describes some of the control issues that necessitated the controls change-over. It will describe the modifications and the new process control which allows the refrigerators to take advantage of the Ganni Cycle "floating pressure" control technology. The controls philosophy change-over to the floating pressure control technology was the first application on a helium gas refrigeration system. Previous implementations of the floating pressure technology have been on 4K liquefaction and refrigeration systems, which have stored liquid helium volumes that have level indications used for varying the pressure levels (charge) in the system for capacity modulation. The upgrades have greatly improved the performance, stability, and efficiency of these two refrigerators. The upgrades have also given the operators more information and details about the operational status of the main components (compressors, expanders etc.) of the refrigerators at all operating conditions (i.e. at various loads in the vacuum chambers). The performance data of the two systems, pre and post upgrading are presented. C1 [Homan, J.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Ganni, V.; Sidi-Yekhlef, A.; Creel, J.; Norton, R.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Acclerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23603 USA. [Linza, R.] Jacobs Engn, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Vargas, G.; Lauterbach, J.] GeoControl Syst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Urbin, J.; Howe, D.] Linde Cryogen, Div Linde Proc Plants Inc, Tulsa, OK 74136 USA. RP Homan, J (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1072 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422268 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800129 ER PT S AU Arnold, P Decker, L Howe, D Urbin, J Homan, J Reis, C Creel, J Ganni, V Knudsen, P Sidi-Yekhlef, A AF Arnold, P. Decker, Lutz Howe, D. Urbin, J. Homan, Jonathan Reis, Carl Creel, J. Ganni, V. Knudsen, P. Sidi-Yekhlef, A. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI LARGE SCALE REFRIGERATION PLANT FOR GROUND TESTING THE JAMES WEBB TELESCOPE AT NASA JOHNSON SPACE CENTER SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE helium refrigerator; floating pressure; space telescope; NASA AB The James Webb Telescope is the successor to the Hubble Telescope and will be placed in an orbit of 1.5 million km from earth. Before launch in 2014, the telescope will be tested in NASA Johnson Space Center's (JSC) space simulation chamber, Chamber A. The tests will be conducted at deep space conditions. Chamber A's helium cryo-panels are currently cooled down to 20 K by two Linde 3.5 kW helium refrigerators. The new 12.5 kW, 20-K helium coldbox described in this paper is part of the upgrade to the chamber systems for this large test program. The Linde coldbox will provide refrigeration in several operating modes where the temperature of the chamber is being controlled with a high accuracy due to the demanding NASA test requirements. The implementation of two parallel expansion turbine strings and the Ganni cycle - Floating Pressure process results in a highly efficient and flexible process that minimizes the electrical input power. This paper will describe the collaboration and execution of the coldbox project. C1 [Arnold, P.; Decker, Lutz] Linde Kryotech AG, CH-8042 Pfungen, Switzerland. [Howe, D.; Urbin, J.] Linde Cryogen, Div Linde Proc Plants Inc, Tulsa, OK USA. [Homan, Jonathan] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Reis, Carl] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Hamilton Sundstrand Engn & Sci Contract Grp, Houston, TX USA. [Creel, J.; Ganni, V.; Knudsen, P.; Sidi-Yekhlef, A.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Arnold, P (reprint author), Linde Kryotech AG, CH-8042 Pfungen, Switzerland. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1080 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422269 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800130 ER PT S AU Feller, JR Kashani, A Helvensteijn, BPM Salerno, LJ AF Feller, J. R. Kashani, A. Helvensteijn, B. P. M. Salerno, L. J. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ACTIVELY COOLED METAL FOIL THERMAL RADIATION SHIELD SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Cryogen Storage; Cryocooler; Heat Transfer; Heat Exchanger AB Zero boil-off (ZBO) or reduced boil-off (RBO) systems that involve active cooling of large cryogenic propellant tanks will most likely be required for future space exploration missions. For liquid oxygen or methane, such systems could be implemented using existing high technology readiness level (TRL) cryocoolers. However, for liquid hydrogen temperatures (similar to 20 K) no such coolers exist. In order to partially circumvent this technology gap, the concept of broad area cooling (BAC) has been developed, whereby a low mass thermal radiation shield could be maintained at temperatures around 100 K by steady circulation of cold pressurized gas through a network of narrow tubes. By this method it is possible to dramatically reduce the radiative heat leak to the 20 K tank. A series of experiments, designed to investigate the heat transfer capabilities of BAC systems, have been conducted at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC). Results of the final experiment in this series, investigating heat transfer from a metal foil film to a distributed cooling line, are presented here. C1 [Feller, J. R.; Salerno, L. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kashani, A.; Helvensteijn, B. P. M.] Atlas Sci, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Feller, JR (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1187 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422283 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800143 ER PT S AU Notardonato, WU Johnson, WL Oliveira, J Jumper, K AF Notardonato, W. U. Johnson, W. L. Oliveira, J. Jumper, K. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF INTEGRATED REFRIGERATION AND STORAGE SYSTEM TESTING SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Liquid Oxygen; Refrigeration; Storage; Stratification AB Launch operations engineers at the Kennedy Space Center have identified an Integrated Refrigeration and Storage system as a promising technology to reduce launch costs and enable advanced cryogenic operations. This system uses a closed cycle Brayton refrigerator to remove energy from the stored cryogenic propellant. This allows for control of the temperature and pressure of the fluid, and enables advanced operations such as zero boil off storage and zero loss transfer. If required, this also can serve as a propellant densification system or liquefier. However, the behavior of the fluid in this type of system is different than typical cryogenic storage systems, and there will be a learning curve associated with its use. A 400 liter research cryostat has been designed, fabricated and delivered to KSC to test the thermofluid behavior of liquid oxygen as energy is removed from the cryogen by a simulated DC cycle cryocooler. Results of the initial testing phase focusing on heat exchanger characterization and zero loss storage operations using liquid oxygen are presented in this paper. Future plans for testing of oxygen densification tests and oxygen liquefaction tests will also be discussed. C1 [Notardonato, W. U.; Johnson, W. L.; Oliveira, J.] NASA, Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Jumper, K.] ASRC Aerosp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Notardonato, WU (reprint author), NASA, Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. FU Exploration Technology Development Program Cryogenic Fluid Management FX This work is supported by the Exploration Technology Development Program Cryogenic Fluid Management Project. We thank Steve Hensley and the engineers at Eden Cryogenics for the system design and fabrication. We also acknowledge Gary Wall and Bert Cummings at the KSC Cryogenic Test Laboratory for their efforts in the testing process. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1369 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422307 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800164 ER PT B AU Plag, HP Rizos, C Rothacher, M Neilan, R AF Plag, Hans-Peter Rizos, Chris Rothacher, Markus Neilan, Ruth BE Chuvieco, E Li, J Yang, X TI The Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS): Detecting the Fingerprints of Global Change in Geodetic Quantities SO ADVANCES IN EARTH OBSERVATION OF GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Earth Observation of Global Change (EOGC2009) CY MAY 26-29, 2009 CL Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA AB Modern geodetic observations from a wide range of space and terrestrial technologies contribute to our knowledge of the solid Earth, atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and land water storage. These geodetic observations record the "fingerprints" of global change processes and thus are a crucial independent source of high accuracy information for many global change studies. Many of the geodetic techniques require a globally distributed ground infrastructure, and associated space segment elements. In the past decade and half a variety of technique-specific services have been established under the auspices of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) to facilitate global coordination of geodetic activities and to ensure the generation of high accuracy and reliable geodetic products to support geoscientific research. The Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) is an important component of the IAG, and is intended to be an "umbrella" for the IAG Services, with a primary coordinating function to ensure the development of an adequate global geodetic infrastructure, and a suite of integrated multi-technique products, that will meet the needs of scientific users. Coordination means bringing together the different geodetic observing techniques, services and analysis methods so as to ensure that the same standards, conventions, models and parameters are used in the data analysis and modelling of "Earth system" processes. Integration implies the combination of geometric, gravimetric, and rotational observations in data analysis and data assimilation, and the joint estimation and/or modelling of all the necessary parameters representing the difference components of the Earth system. The geodetic observations collected during the last decades have facilitated major scientific discoveries related to geohazards, climate and the global water cycle. Geodesy has the potential to contribute even more to global change studies, particularly if coordination and integration C1 [Plag, Hans-Peter] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Mail Stop 175, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Plag, Hans-Peter] Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Rizos, Chris] Univ New South Wales, Sch Surveying & Spatial Informat Syst, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Rothacher, Markus] ETH, Inst Geodesy & Photogrammetry, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Neilan, Ruth] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, IGS Cent Bur, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Plag, HP (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Mail Stop 175, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM hpplag@unr.edu FU NASA grants under the ROSES program; JPL contract FX The authors are grateful to the IAG Community, the Services, Commissions, the GGOS Steering and Executive Committees, the Science Panel, and the Working groups: GGOS is built by the best effort of the many individuals in these IAG and GGOS components. GGOS also depends on the continuous support of many other contributors, in particular the space agencies, which provide infrastructure crucial to GGOS. The GPS site locations for the maps in Fig. 10.5 were provided by Come Kreemer and Geoff Blewitt. Part of the work carried out by the lead author was supported by several NASA grants under the ROSES program and by a JPL contract. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-9084-3 PY 2010 BP 125 EP 143 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9085-0_10 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BH0GS UT WOS:000394922900010 ER PT B AU Lamy, P Vives, S Curdt, W Dame, L Davila, J Defise, JM Fineschi, S Heinzel, P Kuzin, S Schmutz, W Tsinganos, K Turck-Chieze, S Zhukov, A AF Lamy, P. Vives, S. Curdt, W. Dame, L. Davila, J. Defise, J. M. Fineschi, S. Heinzel, P. Kuzin, S. Schmutz, W. Tsinganos, K. Turck-Chieze, S. Zhukov, A. CA Co-Is Team Associated Scientists Team BE Tsinganos, K Hatzidimitriou, D Matsakos, T TI Towards a New Formation Flying Solar Coronagraph SO ADVANCES IN HELLENIC ASTRONOMY DURING THE IYA09 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference of the Hellenic-Astronomical-Society CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL Univ Athens, Athens, GREECE SP Hellen Astron Soc HO Univ Athens AB We briefly describe an investigation aiming at the development of a giant solar coronagraph instrument onboard of two satellites, separated by about 150 m in formation flight for the detailed observation of the solar coronal plasma. The European Space Agency (ESA) has selected this instrument as the only payload onboard the Proba 3 satellites which will be launced in 2013. The Greek team is developing the command control board of the coronagraph. C1 [Lamy, P.; Vives, S.] Lab Astrophys Marseille, Marseille, France. [Curdt, W.] Max Planck Inst Stromungsforsch, Gottingen, Germany. [Dame, L.] Observ Spatiales, Lab Atmospher Milieux, Grenoble, France. [Davila, J.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Defise, J. M.] Ctr Space Liege, Liege, Belgium. [Fineschi, S.] INAF Astron Observ Turin, Turin, Italy. [Heinzel, P.] Astron Inst Acad Sci, Ondrejov, Czech Republic. [Kuzin, S.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Schmutz, W.] Phys Meteorol Observ Davos, World Radiat Ctr, Davos, Switzerland. [Tsinganos, K.] Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. [Turck-Chieze, S.] CEA, Serv Astrophys, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Zhukov, A.] Royal Observ Belgium, Brussels, Belgium. RP Lamy, P (reprint author), Lab Astrophys Marseille, Marseille, France. RI Heinzel, Petr/G-9014-2014; Kuzin, Sergey/M-3435-2015; Schmutz, Werner/B-4153-2014 OI Schmutz, Werner/0000-0003-1159-5639 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-728-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 424 BP 15 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research; History & Philosophy of Science GA BTR13 UT WOS:000287834100002 ER PT B AU Tassis, K AF Tassis, Konstantinos BE Tsinganos, K Hatzidimitriou, D Matsakos, T TI Star Formation in Galaxies from Molecular Cloud to kpc Scales SO ADVANCES IN HELLENIC ASTRONOMY DURING THE IYA09 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference of the Hellenic Astronomical Society CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL Univ Athens, Athens, GREECE HO Univ Athens ID FORMATION LAW; SIMULATIONS; HYDROGEN; H-2 AB Non-equilibrium formation of H(2) on dust and approximate treatment of both its self-shielding and shielding by dust from the dissociating UV radiation has been implemented in cosmological simulations of galaxy formation. Star formation is then tight to the molecular gas present. Calculations show that the transition from atomic to fully molecular phase depends primarily on the metallicity, which is directly related to the dust abundance, and clumpiness of the interstellar medium. Dust serves both as a catalyst of H(2) formation and as an additional shielding from dissociating UV radiation and it is difficult to form fully-shielded giant molecular clouds while gas metallicity is low. This may keep star formation efficiency in the low-mass, low-metallicity progenitors of galaxies very low with the effect similar to a strong feedback mechanism. Global correlations between star formation and gas and H(2) surface densities that result from the simulations are in good agreement with observations. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tassis, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-728-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 424 BP 268 EP 270 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research; History & Philosophy of Science GA BTR13 UT WOS:000287834100063 ER PT B AU Tzanavaris, P Hornschemeier, AE Gallagher, SC Johnson, KE Gronwall, C Immler, S Reines, AE Hoversten, E Charlton, JC AF Tzanavaris, P. Hornschemeier, A. E. Gallagher, S. C. Johnson, K. E. Gronwall, C. Immler, S. Reines, A. E. Hoversten, E. Charlton, J. C. BE Tsinganos, K Hatzidimitriou, D Matsakos, T TI Hickson Compact Groups with Swift and Spitzer SO ADVANCES IN HELLENIC ASTRONOMY DURING THE IYA09 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference of the Hellenic-Astronomical-Society CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL Univ Athens, Athens, GREECE SP Hellen Astron Soc HO Univ Athens ID STAR-FORMATION; INFRARED PROPERTIES; NEARBY GALAXIES AB Using Swift/UVOT and Spitzer/MIPS, we estimate, similar to 2000 angstrom and 24 mu m flux densities for 41 bright galaxies in 11 Hickson Compact Groups (HCGs). We use these to probe the unobscured and dust-obscured components of star-formation and calculate total star-formation rates (SFRs). We further normalize by stellar mass to obtain specific star formation rates (SSFRs) that show a clear bimodal distribution, which is absent in a luminosity-matched sample from the Spitzer IR Nearby Galaxy Survey. Other parameters related to star-formation also show such gaps for this HCG sample, and we interpret these as indications for accelerated star-formation and rapid transition to quiescence due to the high-density environments in HCGs. C1 [Tzanavaris, P.; Immler, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Xray Astrophys, Mail Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tzanavaris, P.; Hornschemeier, A. E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gallagher, S. C.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Johnson, K. E.; Reines, A. E.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Gronwall, C.; Hoversten, E.; Charlton, J. C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Immler, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Tzanavaris, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Xray Astrophys, Mail Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-728-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 424 BP 316 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research; History & Philosophy of Science GA BTR13 UT WOS:000287834100076 ER PT B AU Georganopoulos, M Sambruna, RM Kazanas, D Davis, DS Cillis, AN Cheung, CC Perlman, ES Blundell, KM AF Georganopoulos, M. Sambruna, R. M. Kazanas, D. Davis, D. S. Cillis, A. N. Cheung, C. C. Perlman, E. S. Blundell, K. M. BE Tsinganos, K Hatzidimitriou, D Matsakos, T TI How Much Light Has Been Produced since the Universe Was Born? Finally, a Way to Measure It. SO ADVANCES IN HELLENIC ASTRONOMY DURING THE IYA09 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference of the Hellenic-Astronomical-Society CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL Univ Athens, Athens, GREECE SP Hellen Astron Soc HO Univ Athens ID RADIO; GALAXIES; LOBES AB We present a new, non-parametric method for measuring the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) and setting limits to the Cosmic Optical Background (COB), the two main components of the extragalactic background light. Our method measures the energy density of the Cosmic Infrared Background at the location of radio galaxies by using Fermi Gamma-ray and multiwavelength observations of their radio lobes. We present an application of our method for the well-studied radio galaxy Fornax A, showing that Fermi observations will provide us with a direct, model independent measurement of the Cosmic Infrared Background. C1 [Georganopoulos, M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Georganopoulos, M.; Sambruna, R. M.; Kazanas, D.; Davis, D. S.; Cillis, A. N.; Cheung, C. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perlman, E. S.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Blundell, K. M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Georganopoulos, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-728-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 424 BP 344 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research; History & Philosophy of Science GA BTR13 UT WOS:000287834100081 ER PT B AU Bednarcyk, BA Arnold, SM AF Bednarcyk, Brett A. Arnold, Steven M. BE Gilat, R BanksSills, L TI Aboudi's Micromechanics Theories Applied to Multiscale Analysis of Composites SO ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS FOR MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES: THE JACOB ABOUDI VOLUME SE Solid Mechanics and its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CELLS AB NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, OH has worked with Professor Jacob Aboudi since 1992 to develop and implement his micromechanics theories into a user-friendly software suite. This effort has resulted in the publicly available Micromechanics Analysis Code with Generalized Method of Cells (MAC/GMC) software, along with the coupling of the code with finite element analysis and structural sizing software for multiscale analysis of composite structures. This chapter outlines these methods, discusses why Aboudi's methods are ideal for use in multiscale analyses, and briefly describes three recent multiscale composite analysis examples involving (i) creep of a woven ceramic matrix composite (CMC), (ii) damage/failure of a polymer matrix composite (PMC) T-stiffened panel, and (iii) damage/failure of notched PMC laminated plates. C1 [Bednarcyk, Brett A.; Arnold, Steven M.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Bednarcyk, BA (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Brett.A.Bednarcyk@nasa.gov; Steven.M.Arnold@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-3466-3 J9 SOLID MECH APPL PY 2010 VL 168 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3467-0_1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA BNI19 UT WOS:000274629000001 ER PT B AU Pineda, EJ Waas, AM Bednarcyk, BA Collier, CS Yarrington, PW AF Pineda, Evan J. Waas, Anthony M. Bednarcyk, Brett A. Collier, Craig S. Yarrington, Phillip W. BE Gilat, R BanksSills, L TI A Multiscale Progressive Damage and Failure Modeling Approach for Laminated Fiber Reinforced Composites SO ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS FOR MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES: THE JACOB ABOUDI VOLUME SE Solid Mechanics and its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Pineda, Evan J.; Waas, Anthony M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Waas, Anthony M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Collier, Craig S.; Yarrington, Phillip W.] Collier Res Corp, Newport News, VA 23607 USA. [Bednarcyk, Brett A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Pineda, EJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ejpineda@umich.edu; dcw@umich.edu; brett.a.hednarcyk@nasa.gov; craig.collier@hypersizer.com NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-3466-3 J9 SOLID MECH APPL PY 2010 VL 168 BP 43 EP 56 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3467-0_4 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA BNI19 UT WOS:000274629000004 ER PT B AU Di Sciuva, M Gherlone, M Tessler, A AF Di Sciuva, Marco Gherlone, Marco Tessler, Alexander BE Gilat, R BanksSills, L TI A Robust and Consistent First-Order Zigzag Theory for Multilayered Beams SO ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS FOR MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES: THE JACOB ABOUDI VOLUME SE Solid Mechanics and its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID THICK LAMINATED BEAMS AB In this paper a recently developed refined first-order zigzag theory for multilayered beams is reviewed from a Fresh theoretical perspective. The theory includes the kinematics of Timoshenko beam theory as its baseline. The use of a novel piecewise-linear zigzag function provides a more realistic representation of the deformation states of transverse-shear-flexible multilayered beams. Though the formulation does not enforce full continuity of the transverse-shear stresses across the beam's depth, yet it is robust in the sense that transverse-shear correction factors are not required to yield accurate results. The new theory is variationally consistent, requires only C(0)-continuity for kinematic approximations, and is thus perfectly suited for developing computationally efficient finite elements. C1 [Di Sciuva, Marco; Gherlone, Marco] Politecn Torino, Dept Aeronaut & Space Engn, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Tessler, Alexander] NASA, Struct Mech & Concepts Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Di Sciuva, M (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Dept Aeronaut & Space Engn, Corso Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM marco.disciuva@polito.it; marco.gherlone@polito.it; a.tessler@larc.nasa.gov OI Gherlone, Marco/0000-0002-5711-0046 NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-3466-3 J9 SOLID MECH APPL PY 2010 VL 168 BP 255 EP 268 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3467-0_20 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA BNI19 UT WOS:000274629000020 ER PT J AU Meskhidze, N McClain, CR Petters, MD Vignati, E Stetzer, O Osburn, C Kieber, DJ AF Meskhidze, Nicholas McClain, Charles R. Petters, Markus D. Vignati, Elisabetta Stetzer, Olaf Osburn, Chris Kieber, David J. TI Marine Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interaction SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Meskhidze, Nicholas; Petters, Markus D.; Osburn, Chris] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McClain, Charles R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stetzer, Olaf] Inst Atmosphare & Klima, Zurich, Switzerland. [Kieber, David J.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, New York, NY USA. [Vignati, Elisabetta] Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Climate Change Unit, Ispra, VA, Italy. RP Meskhidze, N (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM nmeskhidze@ncsu.edu RI Petters, Markus/D-2144-2009 OI Petters, Markus/0000-0002-4082-1693 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2010 AR 250896 DI 10.1155/2010/250896 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V24IB UT WOS:000208403000011 ER PT J AU Myriokefalitakis, S Vignati, E Tsigaridis, K Papadimas, C Sciare, J Mihalopoulos, N Facchini, MC Rinaldi, M Dentener, FJ Ceburnis, D Hatzianastasiou, N O'Dowd, CD van Weele, M Kanakidou, M AF Myriokefalitakis, Stelios Vignati, Elisabetta Tsigaridis, Kostas Papadimas, Christos Sciare, Jean Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos Facchini, Maria Cristina Rinaldi, Matteo Dentener, Frank J. Ceburnis, Darius Hatzianastasiou, Nikos O'Dowd, Colin D. van Weele, Michiel Kanakidou, Maria TI Global Modeling of the Oceanic Source of Organic Aerosols SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB The global marine organic aerosol budget is investigated by a 3-dimensional chemistry-transport model considering recently proposed parameterisations of the primary marine organic aerosol (POA) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the oxidation of marine volatile organic compounds. MODIS and SeaWiFS satellite data of Chlorophyll-a and ECMWF solar incoming radiation, wind speed, and temperature are driving the oceanic emissions in the model. Based on the adopted parameterisations, the SOA and the submicron POA marine sources are evaluated at about 5 Tg yr(-1) (similar to 1.5 Tg C yr(-1)) and 7 to 8 Tg yr(-1) (similar to 4 Tg C yr(-1)), respectively. The computed marine SOA originates from the dimethylsulfide oxidation (similar to 78%), the potentially formed dialkyl amine salts (similar to 21%), and marine hydrocarbon oxidation (similar to 0.1%). Comparison of calculations with observations indicates an additional marine source of soluble organic carbon that could be partially encountered by marine POA chemical ageing. C1 [Myriokefalitakis, Stelios; Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos; Kanakidou, Maria] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Environm Chem Proc Lab, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Vignati, Elisabetta; Dentener, Frank J.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Tsigaridis, Kostas] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tsigaridis, Kostas] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Papadimas, Christos; Hatzianastasiou, Nikos] Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, Ioannina 54110, Greece. [Sciare, Jean] CEA, CNRS, LSCE, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Facchini, Maria Cristina; Rinaldi, Matteo] CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Ceburnis, Darius; O'Dowd, Colin D.] Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Ceburnis, Darius; O'Dowd, Colin D.] Natl Univ Ireland, Environm Change Inst, Galway, Ireland. [van Weele, Michiel] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. RP Kanakidou, M (reprint author), Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Environm Chem Proc Lab, Iraklion 71003, Greece. EM mariak@chemistry.uoc.gr RI Tsigaridis, Kostas/K-8292-2012; Facchini, Maria Cristina/B-3369-2014; O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012; rinaldi, matteo/K-6083-2012; CHEMATMO Group, Isac/P-7180-2014; FACCHINI, MARIA CRISTINA/O-1230-2015; Myriokefalitakis, Stylianos/J-3701-2014; Kanakidou, Maria/D-7882-2012 OI Tsigaridis, Kostas/0000-0001-5328-819X; Facchini, Maria Cristina/0000-0003-4833-9305; O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212; rinaldi, matteo/0000-0001-6543-4000; FACCHINI, MARIA CRISTINA/0000-0003-4833-9305; Myriokefalitakis, Stylianos/0000-0002-1541-7680; Kanakidou, Maria/0000-0002-1724-9692 FU EU; PENED [03ED373]; NASA FX This work was supported by the EU Project MAP and its presentation has been facilitated by the ACCENT European Network of Excellence. S. Myriokefalitakis and C. Papadimas acknowledge support by PENED 03ED373 Grants. K. Tsigaridis was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The authors thank the reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 68 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 26 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2010 AR 939171 DI 10.1155/2010/939171 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V24IB UT WOS:000208403000047 ER PT J AU Papanastasiou, DK Poupkou, A Katragkou, E Amiridis, V Melas, D Mihalopoulos, N Basart, S Perez, C Baldasano, JM AF Papanastasiou, D. K. Poupkou, A. Katragkou, E. Amiridis, V. Melas, D. Mihalopoulos, N. Basart, S. Perez, C. Baldasano, J. M. TI An Assessment of the Efficiency of Dust Regional Modelling to Predict Saharan Dust Transport Episodes SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Aerosol levels at Mediterranean Basin are significantly affected by desert dust that is eroded in North Africa and is transported northwards. This study aims to assess the performance of the Dust REgional Atmospheric Model (BSC-DREAM8b) in the prediction of dust outbreaks near the surface in Eastern Mediterranean. For this purpose, model PM10 predictions covering a 7-year period and PM10 observations at five surface monitoring sites in Greece are used. A quantitative criterion is set to select the significant dust outbreaks defined as those when the predicted PM10 surface concentration exceeds 12 mu g/m(3). The analysis reveals that significant dust transport is usually observed for 1-3 consecutive days. Dust outbreak seasons are spring and summer, while some events are also forecasted in autumn. The seasonal variability of dust transport events is different at Finokalia, where the majority of events are observed in spring and winter. Dust contributes by 19-25% to the near surface observed PM10 levels, which can be increased to more than 50 mu g/m(3) during dust outbreaks, inducing violations of the air quality standards. Dust regional modeling can be regarded as a useful tool for air quality managers when assessing compliance with air quality limit values. C1 [Papanastasiou, D. K.] Ctr Res & Technol Thessaly, Inst Technol & Management Agr Ecosyst, Lab Agr Engn & Environm, Volos 38500, Greece. [Poupkou, A.; Katragkou, E.; Melas, D.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Lab Atmospher Phys, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Amiridis, V.] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Space Applicat & Remote Sensing, Penteli 15236, Greece. [Mihalopoulos, N.] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Environm Chem Proc Lab, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Basart, S.; Baldasano, J. M.] Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Perez, C.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Goddard Inst Space Studies, NASA, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Perez, C.] Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Papanastasiou, DK (reprint author), Ctr Res & Technol Thessaly, Inst Technol & Management Agr Ecosyst, Lab Agr Engn & Environm, Technol Pk Thessaly,1st Ind Area Volos, Volos 38500, Greece. EM dkpapan@auth.gr RI Amiridis, Vassilis/G-6769-2012; OI Amiridis, Vassilis/0000-0002-1544-7812; Basart, Sara/0000-0002-9821-8504; Perez Garcia-Pando, Carlos/0000-0002-4456-0697 FU MED-APICE; European Regional Development Fund FX The work has been financed by the MED-APICE project in co financed by the European Regional Development Fund in the framework of the MED Programme. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2010 AR 154368 DI 10.1155/2010/154368 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V24IB UT WOS:000208403000004 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Wei, L Gu, W Gong, JD Zhao, QY AF Xu, Qin Wei, Li Gu, Wei Gong, Jiandong Zhao, Qingyun TI A 3.5-Dimensional Variational Method for Doppler Radar Data Assimilation and Its Application to Phased-Array Radar Observations SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB A 3.5-dimensional variational method is developed for Doppler radar data assimilation. In this method, incremental analyses are performed in three steps to update the model state upon the background state provided by the model prediction. First, radar radial-velocity observations from three consecutive volume scans are analyzed on the model grid. The analyzed radial-velocity fields are then used in step 2 to produce incremental analyses for the vector velocity fields at two time levels between the three volume scans. The analyzed vector velocity fields are used in step 3 to produce incremental analyses for the thermodynamic fields at the central time level accompanied by the adjustments in water vapor and hydrometeor mixing ratios based on radar reflectivity observations. The finite element B-spline representations and recursive filter are used to reduce the dimension of the analysis space and enhance the computational efficiency. The method is applied to a squall line case observed by the phased-array radar with rapid volume scans at the National Weather Radar Testbed and is shown to be effective in assimilating the phased-array radar observations and improve the prediction of the subsequent evolution of the squall line. C1 [Xu, Qin] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wei, Li] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gu, Wei] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gong, Jiandong] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Qingyun] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov FU NOAA HPCC program; ONR [N000140410312]; NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; FAA [DTFA03-01-X-9007] FX The authors are thankful to Carl Hane, Jidong Gao, and the anonymous reviewer for their comments and suggestions that improved the presentation of the paper and to Douglas Forsyth, Kurt Hondl, Richard Adams, Pengfei Zhang and Kang Nai for their help in obtaining and processing the phased-array radar data. The research work was supported by the NOAA HPCC program, the FAA contract IA# DTFA03-01-X-9007 to NSSL, the ONR Grants N000140410312 to the University of Oklahoma, and the NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement no. NA17RJ1227. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2010 AR 797265 DI 10.1155/2010/797265 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V24IB UT WOS:000208403000042 ER PT S AU Wolpert, DH Bono, JW AF Wolpert, David H. Bono, James W. BE Chai, SK Salerno, JJ Mabry, PL TI PGT: A Statistical Approach to Prediction and Mechanism Design SO ADVANCES IN SOCIAL COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Social Computing, Behavioral Modeling and Prediction CY MAR 30-31, 2010 CL Bethesda, MD ID UTILITY-THEORY; RISK AB One of the biggest challenges facing behavioral economics is the lack of a single theoretical framework that is capable of directly utilizing all types of behavioral data. One of the biggest challenges of game theory is the lack of a framework for making predictions and designing markets in a manner that is consistent with the axioms of decision theory. An approach in which solution concepts are distribution-valued rather than set-valued (i.e. equilibrium theory) has both capabilities. We call this approach Predictive Game Theory (or PGT). This paper outlines a general Bayesian approach to PGT. It also presents one simple example to illustrate the way in which this approach differs from equilibrium approaches in both prediction and mechanism design settings. C1 [Wolpert, David H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MailStop 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bono, James W.] Amer Univ, Dept Econ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Wolpert, DH (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MailStop 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM david.h.wolpert@nasa.gov; bono@american.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-12078-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6007 BP 314 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPW01 UT WOS:000280121900037 ER PT S AU Nefian, AV Kim, T Moratto, Z Beyer, R Fong, T AF Nefian, Ara V. Kim, Taemin Moratto, Zachary Beyer, Ross Fong, Terry BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D Chung, R Hammound, R Hussain, M Han, TK Crawfis, R Thalmann, D Kao, D Avila, L TI Lunar Terrain and Albedo Reconstruction of the Apollo 15 Zone SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Visual Computing CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP UNR, DRI, LBNL, NASA Ames, Air Force Res Lab, Intel, DigitalPersona, Equinox, Ford, Hewlett Packard, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, iCore, Toyota, Delphi, Gen Elect, Microsoft MSDN, Volt AB Generating accurate three dimensional planetary models is becoming increasingly important as NASA plans manned missions to return to the Moon in the next decade. This paper describes a 3D surface and albedo reconstruction from orbital imagery. The techniques described here allow us to automatically produce seamless, highly accurate digital elevation and albedo models from multiple stereo image pairs while significantly reducing the influence of image noise. Our technique is. demonstrated on the entire set of orbital images retrieved by the Apollo 15 mission. C1 [Nefian, Ara V.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Kim, Taemin; Fong, Terry] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ames, IA 94035 USA. [Moratto, Zachary] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Ames, IA 94035 USA. [Beyer, Ross] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Nefian, AV (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-17288-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6453 BP 688 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUW97 UT WOS:000290548000066 ER PT S AU Kim, T Moratto, Z Nefian, AV AF Kim, Taemin Moratto, Zachary Nefian, Ara V. BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D Chung, R Hammound, R Hussain, M Han, TK Crawfis, R Thalmann, D Kao, D Avila, L TI Robust Mosaicking of Stereo Digital Elevation Models from the Ames Stereo Pipeline SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Visual Computing CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP UNR, DRI, LBNL, NASA Ames, Air Force Res Lab, Intel, DigitalPersona, Equinox, Ford, Hewlett Packard, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, iCore, Toyota, Delphi, Gen Elect, Microsoft MSDN, Volt AB Robust estimation method is proposed to combine multiple observations and create consistent, accurate, dense Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) from lunar orbital imagery. The NASA Ames Intelligent Robotics Group (IRG) aims to produce higher-quality terrain reconstructions of the Moon from Apollo Metric Camera (AMC) data than is currently possible. In particular, IRG makes use of a stereo vision process, the Ames Stereo Pipeline (ASP), to automatically generate DEMs from consecutive AMC image pairs. However, the DEMs currently produced by the ASP often contain errors and inconsistencies due to image noise, shadows, etc. The proposed method addresses this problem by making use of multiple observations and by considering their goodness of fit to improve both the accuracy and robustness of the estimate. The stepwise regression method is applied to estimate the relaxed weight of each observation. C1 [Kim, Taemin; Moratto, Zachary] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Nefian, Ara V.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Kim, T (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. FU NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Ames Research Center FX This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Ames Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-17273-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6454 BP 283 EP + PN II PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUW95 UT WOS:000290547200028 ER PT S AU Cheng, HT Sun, FT Buthpitiya, S Zhang, Y Nefian, AV AF Cheng, Heng-Tze Sun, Feng-Tso Buthpitiya, Senaka Zhang, Ying Nefian, Ara V. BA Hussain, M KarHan, T Crawfis, R Thalmann, D Kao, D Avila, L BF Hussain, M KarHan, T Crawfis, R Thalmann, D Kao, D Avila, L BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D Chung, R Hammound, R TI Lunar Image Classification for Terrain Detection SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT III SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Visual Computing CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP UNR, DRI, LBNL, NASA Ames, Air Force Res Lab, Intel, DigitalPersona, Equinox, Ford, Hewlett Packard, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, iCore, Toyota, Delphi, Gen Elect, Microsoft MSDN, Volt ID OBJECT DETECTION AB Terrain detection and classification are critical elements for NASA mission preparations and landing site selection. In this paper, we have investigated several image features and classifiers for lunar terrain classification. The proposed histogram of gradient orientation effectively discerns the characteristics of various terrain types. We further develop an open-source Lunar Image Labeling Toolkit to facilitate future research in planetary science. Experimental results show that the proposed system achieves 95% accuracy of classification evaluated on a dataset of 931 lunar image patches from NASA Apollo missions. C1 [Cheng, Heng-Tze; Sun, Feng-Tso; Buthpitiya, Senaka; Zhang, Ying] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Nefian, Ara V.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Robot Grp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Cheng, HT (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM hengtze.cheng@sv.cmu.edu; lucas.sun@sv.cmu.edu; senaka.buthpitiya@sv.cmu.edu; joy.zhang@sv.cmu.edu; ara.nefian@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-17276-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6455 BP 1 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUU22 UT WOS:000290358400001 ER PT S AU Smith, M Nefian, A AF Smith, Marvin Nefian, Ara BA Hussain, M KarHan, T Crawfis, R Thalmann, D Kao, D Avila, L BF Hussain, M KarHan, T Crawfis, R Thalmann, D Kao, D Avila, L BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D Chung, R Hammound, R TI Outlier Removal in Stereo Reconstruction of Orbital Images SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT III SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Visual Computing CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP UNR, DRI, LBNL, NASA Ames, Air Force Res Lab, Intel, DigitalPersona, Equinox, Ford, Hewlett Packard, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, iCore, Toyota, Delphi, Gen Elect, Microsoft MSDN, Volt AB NASA has recently been building 3-dimensional models of the moon based on photos taken from orbiting satellites and the Apollo missions. One issue with the stereo reconstruction is the handling of "outliers", or areas with rapid and unexpected change in the data. Outliers may be introduced by issues such as shadows on the surface, areas with low amounts of surface detail, or flaws in the camera systems. These errors may result in elevation spikes which cause the model to differ significantly from accurate ground truth. We are seeking to remove outliers from reconstructions by using a pair of filters which target the characteristics of these outliers. The first filter will use edge detection to filter areas with low detail and the second filter will remove areas in the disparity map which differ too far from their surrounding neighbors. C1 [Smith, Marvin] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Nefian, Ara] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Smith, M (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-17276-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6455 BP 181 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUU22 UT WOS:000290358400019 ER PT S AU Atanassova, M Zhang, W Saha, T AF Atanassova, Martina Zhang, William Saha, Timo BE Goto, S Khounsary, AM Morawe, C TI Compensation of fabrication errors in segmented X-ray optics SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS V SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components V CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ray optics; x-ray segmented telescope; grazing incidence; fabrication errors; figure errors; zemax AB Future large X-ray telescopes will be based on segmented designs and will require different techniques for error analysis and budgeting from those used for full shell optics. In this paper we develop a grazing incidence optical model using commercial software Zemax for figure error compensation. In particular we show how the image of a pair of mirror segments with average radius and/or average cone angle errors can be optimized with rigid body motions such as pitch, radial despace and axial despace. We show detailed tolerance analysis of the optical model and present results on how to compensate for these errors up to limitations determined by mechanical constraints of the telescope module. C1 [Atanassova, Martina; Zhang, William; Saha, Timo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Atanassova, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8298-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7802 AR 780204 DI 10.1117/12.864031 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU59 UT WOS:000285830000003 ER PT S AU Khan, GS Gubarev, M Speegle, C Ramsey, B AF Khan, Gufran S. Gubarev, Mikhail Speegle, Chet Ramsey, Brian BE Goto, S Khounsary, AM Morawe, C TI Computer-controlled cylindrical polishing process for development of grazing incidence optics for the hard X-ray region SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS V SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components V CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray optics; computer-controlled polishing; cylindrical polishing; mid-spatial-frequency errors AB The focusing performance of shell optics for the hard X-ray region strongly depends on their axial mid-spatial-frequency-range figure errors. This paper presents the development of a deterministic computer-controlled polishing process to minimize these axial figure errors on cylindrical shaped mandrels from which the mirror shells are replicated. A mathematical model has been developed to simulate the residual surface figure errors due to the polishing process parameters and the polishing tools used, along with their non-conformance to the mandrel. We present design considerations of a large-size polishing lap where the experimentally determined process variables have been used for optimizing the lap configuration and the machine operational parameters. Furthermore, the developed model is capable of generating a corrective polishing sequence for a known surface error profile. Practical polishing experiments have been performed to verify the model and to determine its ability to correct known axial figure errors through polishing machine control. C1 [Khan, Gufran S.] NASA, Postdoctoral Program, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Khan, GS (reprint author), NASA, Postdoctoral Program, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM gufran_ks@yahoo.co.in NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8298-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7802 AR 78020H DI 10.1117/12.862635 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU59 UT WOS:000285830000013 ER PT S AU Wilcox, J White, V Shcheglov, K Kowalczyk, R AF Wilcox, Jaroslava White, Victor Shcheglov, Kirill Kowalczyk, Robert BE Goto, S Khounsary, AM Morawe, C TI Beam Splitting Mirrors for Miniature Fourier Transform Soft X-Ray (FTXR) Interferometer SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components V CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE XUV; VUV; Interferometer; Beam splitting mirrors; Spectral imager; FFT transform; Micro-fabrication; Membrane ID LATERAL RESOLUTION; SPECTROMICROSCOPE; SPECTROMETER; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROSCOPE AB The development of Fourier Transform (FT) spectral techniques in the soft X-ray spectral region has been advocated in the past as a possible route to constructing a bench-top size spectral imager with high spatial and spectral resolution. The crux of the imager is a soft X-ray interferometer. Auxiliary subsystems include a wide-band soft X-ray source, focusing optics and detection systems. When tuned over a sufficiently large range of path delays, the interferometer will sinusoidally modulate the source spectrum centered at the core wavelength of interest, the spectrum illuminates a target, the reflected signal is imaged onto a CCD, and data acquired for different frames is converted to spectra in software by using FT methods similar to those used in IR spectrometry producing spectral image per each pixel. The use of shorter wavelengths results in dramatic increase in imaging resolution, the modulation across the beam width results in highly efficient use of the beam spectral content, facilitating construction of a bench-top instrument. With the predicted <0.1eV spectral and <100 nm spatial resolution, the imager would be able to map core-level shift spectra for elements such as Carbon, which can be used as a chemical compound fingerprint and imaging intracellular structures. We report on our progress in the development of a Fourier Transform X-ray (FTXR) interferometer. The enabling technology is X-ray beam splitting mirrors. The mirrors are not available commercially; multi layers of quarter-wave films (used in IR and visible) are not suitable, and several efforts by other researchers who used parallel slits met only a very limited success. In contrast, our beam splitters use thin (about 200 nm) SiN membranes perforated with a large number of very small holes prepared in our micro-fabrication laboratory at JPL. Precise control of surface roughness and high planarity are needed to achieve the requisite wave coherency. The beam splitters prepared-to-date had surface RMS and planarity better that <0.3 nm over a 0.45 mm x 1.4 mm area, meeting requirements for spectral imaging at 100eV. Efforts to improve the mirror flatness to a level required for core-level shifts of Carbon are under way. C1 [Wilcox, Jaroslava; White, Victor; Shcheglov, Kirill; Kowalczyk, Robert] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Wilcox, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 302-301,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jzw@jpl.nasa.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8298-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7802 AR 780206 DI 10.1117/12.859147 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU59 UT WOS:000285830000004 ER PT J AU Hsiao, TC Chen, DR Li, L Greenberg, P Street, KW AF Hsiao, Ta-Chih Chen, Da-Ren Li, Lin Greenberg, Paul Street, Kenneth W. TI Development of a Multi-Stage Axial Flow Cyclone SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAMPLING CYCLONES; COLLECTION; DESIGN; PARTICLES; VACUUM; MODEL AB A prototype multi-stage cyclone system consisting of an impaction inlet and five axial flow cyclone stages has been developed to classify simulants of Lunar and Martian dusts for various research and development needs of NASA's space exploration missions. Individual axial flow cyclone stages can be either independently operated with an inline connection to other particle devices or cascaded together for particle separation and collection. The impaction inlet and first three cyclone stages were designed to operate at the flowrate of 50 lpm under pressure close to ambient. The last two cyclone stages were designed to operate under low pressure conditions to separate particles with diameters less than 200 nm. Due to the limited vacuum capacity of the pump used, the flowrates of last two cyclone stages were restricted to 11.0 and 1.0 lpm when operating the assembled prototype. The impaction inlet and each cyclone stage of the prototype were experimentally calibrated, and the cutoff particle sizes were 11.3 mu m, 0.97 mu m, 550 nm, 255 nm, 109 nm, and 40 nm. It was further found that in general the flow Reynolds (Re) and particle Stokes numbers (StK) were critical parameters to characterize the performance of the axial flow cyclone stages, and the relationship between Re and the dimensionless cutoff size (root StK) was established. In addition, the collection efficiency curves are shifted to a smaller size range with a decrease of the cyclone pressure. However, using root StK as the abscissa and keeping the same Re, the particle collection curves at different pressures can be merged into one. This study also found that the upstream pressure should be used to calculate StK instead of the average of upstream and downstream pressures of the test cyclone stage. C1 [Hsiao, Ta-Chih; Chen, Da-Ren; Li, Lin] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Greenberg, Paul; Street, Kenneth W.] NASA, Glen Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Chen, DR (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM chen@me.wustl.edu RI li, lin/D-7584-2014 OI li, lin/0000-0002-8120-2442 FU NASA Glen Research Center [NNX07AN27G]; McDonnell International Scholars Academy at Washington University in St. Louis FX The authors appreciate the financial support of the multi-stage axial flow cyclone development provided by NASA Glen Research Center under contract NNX07AN27G. Mr. Hsiao would also like to acknowledge the financial support of the Ph.D. student scholarship program of the McDonnell International Scholars Academy at Washington University in St. Louis. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 253 EP 261 DI 10.1080/02786820903575394 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 586NN UT WOS:000276917300002 ER PT J AU Lary, DJ AF Lary, David John BE Arif, TT TI Artificial Intelligence in Aerospace SO AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGIES ADVANCEMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; NDVI TIME-SERIES; STRATOSPHERIC CHLORINE; NEURAL-NETWORKS; VEGETATION; BUDGET; REGRESSION; CACAO; AVHRR C1 [Lary, David John] NASA GSFC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol JCET UMBC, Washington, DC USA. RP Lary, DJ (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol JCET UMBC, Washington, DC USA. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-7619-96-1 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 24 PG 24 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BD7YF UT WOS:000363691200002 ER PT J AU Pingree, PJ AF Pingree, Paula J. BE Arif, TT TI Advancing NASA's On-Board Processing Capabilities with Reconfigurable FPGA Technologies SO AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGIES ADVANCEMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Pingree, Paula J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Pingree, PJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-7619-96-1 PY 2010 BP 69 EP 86 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BD7YF UT WOS:000363691200006 ER PT J AU Frost, SA Balas, MJ AF Frost, Susan A. Balas, Mark J. BE Arif, TT TI Evolving Systems and Adaptive Key Component Control SO AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGIES ADVANCEMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DECENTRALIZED CONTROL; SPACE C1 [Frost, Susan A.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Balas, Mark J.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Frost, SA (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-7619-96-1 PY 2010 BP 115 EP 140 PG 26 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BD7YF UT WOS:000363691200008 ER PT J AU Martin, RA AF Martin, Rodney A. BE Arif, TT TI Evaluation of Anomaly Detection Capability for Ground-Based Pre-Launch Shuttle Operations SO AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGIES ADVANCEMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPACE-SHUTTLE C1 [Martin, Rodney A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Martin, RA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-7619-96-1 PY 2010 BP 141 EP 164 PG 24 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BD7YF UT WOS:000363691200009 ER PT J AU Lee, M Weidner, R Bowman, K AF Lee, Meemong Weidner, Richard Bowman, Kevin BE Arif, TT TI Multi-Platform Atmospheric Sounding Testbed (MAST) SO AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGIES ADVANCEMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ADJOINT SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS C1 [Lee, Meemong; Weidner, Richard; Bowman, Kevin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Lee, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-7619-96-1 PY 2010 BP 209 EP 218 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BD7YF UT WOS:000363691200012 ER PT J AU Luchinsky, DG Osipov, VV Smelyanskiy, VN Kulikov, I Patterson-Hein, A Hayashida, B Watson, M Shook, D Johnson, M Hyde, S Shipley, J AF Luchinsky, D. G. Osipov, V. V. Smelyanskiy, V. N. Kulikov, I. Patterson-Hein, A. Hayashida, B. Watson, M. Shook, D. Johnson, M. Hyde, S. Shipley, J. BE Arif, TT TI Integrated Vehicle Health Management for Solid Rocket Motors SO AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGIES ADVANCEMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SYSTEMS C1 [Luchinsky, D. G.; Osipov, V. V.; Smelyanskiy, V. N.; Kulikov, I.; Patterson-Hein, A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Luchinsky, D. G.; Osipov, V. V.] Mission Critical Technol Inc, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Hayashida, B.; Watson, M.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, ISHM & Sensors Branch, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Shook, D.; Johnson, M.; Hyde, S.; Shipley, J.] ATK Thiokol Launch Syst R&D Labs, Large Salt Lake City Are, UT USA. RP Luchinsky, DG (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-7619-96-1 PY 2010 BP 259 EP 292 PG 34 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BD7YF UT WOS:000363691200015 ER PT J AU White, AL AF White, Allan L. BE Arif, TT TI An Aircraft Separation Algorithm with Feedback and Perturbation SO AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGIES ADVANCEMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [White, Allan L.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP White, AL (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-7619-96-1 PY 2010 BP 339 EP 360 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BD7YF UT WOS:000363691200018 ER PT J AU Martinez, OA Sharma, A Sankar, BV Haftka, RT Blosser, ML AF Martinez, Oscar A. Sharma, Anurag Sankar, Bhavani V. Haftka, Raphael T. Blosser, Max L. TI Thermal Force and Moment Determination of an Integrated Thermal Protection System SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CORE SANDWICH PANELS; STIFFNESS PROPERTIES AB This paper is concerned with homogenization of a corrugated-core sandwich panel, which is a candidate structure for integral thermal protection systems for space vehicles. The focus was on determination of thermal stresses in the face sheets and the web caused by through-the-thickness temperature variation. A micromechanical method was developed to homogenize the sandwich panel as an equivalent orthotropic plate and calculate the equivalent thermal forces and moments for a given temperature distribution. The same method was again used to calculate the stresses in the face sheets and the core. The method was demonstrated by calculating stresses in a sandwich panel subjected to a temperature distribution described by a quartic polynomial in the thickness direction. Both constrained and unconstrained boundary conditions were considered. In the constrained case the plate boundaries are constrained such that there are no deformations in the macroscale sense. The unconstrained case assumes that there are no force and moment resultants in the macroscale. The results for stresses are compared with that from a three-dimensional finite element analysis of the representative volume element of the sandwich structure, and the comparison was found to be within 5% difference. The micromechanical analysis, which is less time consuming, will be useful in the design and optimization of integral thermal protection system structures. C1 [Martinez, Oscar A.] Univ Florida, Engn Sci Contract Grp, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Sharma, Anurag; Sankar, Bhavani V.; Haftka, Raphael T.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Blosser, Max L.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Met & Thermal Struct Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Martinez, OA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Engn Sci Contract Grp, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. OI Sankar, Bhavani/0000-0002-4556-1982 FU Constellations University Institutes FX This research is sponsored by the Constellations University Institutes Project. The program manager is Claudia Mayer at NASA Glenn Research Center. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.2514/1.40678 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 541YU UT WOS:000273458600010 ER PT J AU Zaman, KBMQ Bridges, JE Brown, CA AF Zaman, K. B. M. Q. Bridges, James E. Brown, C. A. TI Excess Broadband Noise Observed with Overexpanded Jets SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 47th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID CONVERGENT-DIVERGENT NOZZLES AB Results of an experiment on the characteristics of an excess noise occurring with convergent-divergent nozzles in the overexpanded regime are presented in this paper. Data are obtained with five convergent-divergent nozzles and a convergent nozzle, all having the same exit diameter. The results clearly establish that, relative to the convergent case and at same pressure ratios, the convergent-divergent nozzles are noisier in the low Mach number range of the overexpanded regime. This is evidenced from the directivity patterns as well as the overall radiated sound power. The excess noise is broadband in nature and is found to be more pronounced with nozzles having a higher design Mach number or larger half angle of the divergent section. It appears to occur when a shock resides within the divergent section and results from random unsteady motion of the shock. C1 [Zaman, K. B. M. Q.] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Inlet & Nozzle Branch, Aeroprop Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Bridges, James E.; Brown, C. A.] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Acoust Branch, Aeroprop Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Zaman, KBMQ (reprint author), NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Inlet & Nozzle Branch, Aeroprop Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 202 EP 214 DI 10.2514/1.43383 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 541YU UT WOS:000273458600018 ER PT S AU Irons, JR Dwyer, JL AF Irons, James R. Dwyer, John L. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI An overview of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVI CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Landsat; data archive; continuity; NASA; USGS AB The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) is the follow-on mission to Landsat 7 and will be the eighth mission in the Landsat series. The mission is in development via an interagency partnership between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Department of Interior (DOI) / United States Geological Survey (USGS). The LDCM satellite will carry two earth-observing sensors, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) to collect image data for nine spectral bands in the reflective portion of the spectrum and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) to collect coincident image data for two thermal spectral bands. The LDCM ground segment will control the satellite and will receive, process, archive, and distribute the science data collected by the OLI and TIRS instruments. The USGS Earth Resources Observation & Science Center (EROS) will distribute LDCM data products at no cost to requestors. The mission objective is to continues the Landsat program's collection, archive, and distribution of multispectral imagery affording global, synoptic, and repetitive coverage of the Earth's land surfaces at a scale where natural and human-induced changes can be detected, differentiated, characterized, and monitored over time. The LDCM launch readiness date is currently December, 2012. C1 [Irons, James R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Irons, JR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Irons, James/D-8535-2012; OI Dwyer, John/0000-0002-8281-0896 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8159-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7695 AR 769508 DI 10.1117/12.850416 PG 7 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS80 UT WOS:000285716700007 ER PT B AU Wilkinson, MJ Marshall, LG Lundberg, JG Kreslavsky, MH AF Wilkinson, M. Justin Marshall, Larry G. Lundberg, John G. Kreslavsky, Mikhail H. BE Hoorn, C Wesselingh, FP TI Megafan environments in northern South America and their impact on Amazon Neogene aquatic ecosystems SO AMAZONIA: LANDSCAPE AND SPECIES EVOLUTION: A LOOK INTO THE PAST LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FORELAND BASIN; MARINE INCURSIONS; ANDEAN TECTONICS; RIVER AVULSIONS; RIO ARIPUANA; LATE MIOCENE; MOLA DATA; BOLIVIA; EVOLUTION; BRAZIL AB A megafan is a low-angle, partial cone of fluvial sediments that can reach hundreds of kilometres in length. Its size and depositional processes differentiate the megafan from alluvial fans and deltas. Megafans are a mesoscale, entirely continental depositional feature. This landform has received little attention in either modern or palaeogeographic reconstructions of northern South America. We present a model for landscape development in Neogene Amazonia examining the role of the 'inland delta' or megafan. This environmental setting should be taken into account in mesoscale palaeogeographic reconstructions because it is so widespread in modern foreland landscapes in South America and elsewhere. We describe both megafan and multi-megafan patterns, the latter introduced by means of a roughness map of northern South America, which also assists in identifying landscapes of different types. We distinguish seven landscape phases; in each we evaluate a specific set of physical environmental processes in megafan settings that have biological significance. The processes are based primarily on stream avulsion, but also on stream incision and drainage-net breakdown. We conclude that fluvial sedimentation of the Andean foreland depression probably was accomplished primarily by megafan sedimentation, with declining estuarine and lacustrine sedimentation as the Neogene progressed. Because megafans are often juxtaposed, hydrological connections between neighbouring megafan rivers were probably repeatedly established - with all the associated biological ramifications of range expansion, population mixing, introgression, reinforced genetic isolation and competition. Regional connections between suites of nested megafans, and between major drainage basins, probably existed at times via critically situated megafans. Some modern fish distributions coincide with the mountain-front zone of megafan development, suggesting that megafan-mediated biological processes could have contributed to speciation. Accordingly, our attempt to reconstruct Miocene and younger landscapes in greater detail, with the benefit of the modern megafan analogue, seems justified. C1 [Wilkinson, M. Justin] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Jacobs Engn, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Marshall, Larry G.] Arizona Museum Nat Hist, Mesa, AZ 85201 USA. [Lundberg, John G.] Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Dept Ichthyol, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. [Kreslavsky, Mikhail H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Wilkinson, MJ (reprint author), NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Jacobs Engn, 2224 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM Justin.Wilkinson-1@nasa.gov; lundberg@acnatsci.org; mkreslav@ucsc.edu NR 108 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, WEST SUSSEX PO19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4443-0641-5; 978-1-4051-8113-6 PY 2010 BP 162 EP 184 PG 23 WC Evolutionary Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Evolutionary Biology; Geology GA BA7CZ UT WOS:000337463900011 ER PT J AU Plass, GN Fleming, JR Schmidt, G AF Plass, Gilbert N. Fleming, James Rodger Schmidt, Gavin TI Carbon Dioxide and the Climate SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article ID RED COOLING RATE; TEMPERATURE; BAND C1 [Fleming, James Rodger] Colby Coll, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. [Schmidt, Gavin] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Washington, DC USA. RI Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012 OI Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486 NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 14 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 98 IS 1 BP 58 EP 67 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 533IU UT WOS:000272817900016 ER PT S AU Duval, VG Elwell, JD Howard, JF Irace, WR Liu, FC AF Duval, Valerie G. Elwell, John D. Howard, Joan F. Irace, William R. Liu, Feng-Chuan BE Kahan, MA TI The WISE satellite development: managing the risks and the opportunities SO AN OPTICAL BELIEVE IT OR NOT: KEY LESSONS LEARNED II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on An Optical Believe It or Not: Key Lessons Learned II CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE WISE; MIDEX; Management; Risk Management; Cryogenic Mission; Infrared AB NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) MIDEX mission is surveying the entire sky in four infrared bands from 3.4 to 22 micrometers. The WISE instrument consists of a 40 cm telescope, a solid hydrogen cryostat, a scan mirror mechanism, and four 1K x 1K infrared detectors. The WISE spacecraft bus provides communication, data handling, and avionics including instrument pointing. A Delta 7920 successfully launched WISE into a Sun-synchronous polar orbit on December 14, 2009. WISE was competitively selected by NASA as a Medium cost Explorer mission (MIDEX) in 2002. MIDEX missions are led by the Principal Investigator who delegates day-to-day management to the Project Manager. Given the tight cost cap and relatively short development schedule, NASA chose to extend the development period one year with an option to cancel the mission if certain criteria were not met. To meet this and other challenges, the WISE management team had to learn to work seamlessly across institutional lines and to recognize risks and opportunities in order to develop the flight hardware within the project resources. In spite of significant technical issues, the WISE satellite was delivered on budget and on schedule. This paper describes our management approach and risk posture, technical issues, and critical decisions made. C1 [Duval, Valerie G.; Irace, William R.; Liu, Feng-Chuan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Duval, VG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8292-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7796 AR 77960E DI 10.1117/12.864357 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BTQ75 UT WOS:000287800100013 ER PT S AU Fanson, J AF Fanson, James BE Kahan, MA TI Lessons learned from the Kepler mission and space telescope management SO AN OPTICAL BELIEVE IT OR NOT: KEY LESSONS LEARNED II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on An Optical Believe It or Not: Key Lessons Learned II CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Telescope; space; lessons; Kepler; Spitzer; SIRTF; Hubble; GALEX; Keck; TPF; WFPC2 AB This paper presents lessons learned over the course of several space telescope mission and instrument developments spanning two decades. These projects involved astronomical telescopes developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and were designed to further our understanding of the Universe. It is hoped that the lessons drawn from these experiences may be of use to future mission developers. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Fanson, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM James.L.Fanson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8292-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7796 AR 779603 DI 10.1117/12.864346 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BTQ75 UT WOS:000287800100002 ER PT S AU Liu, FC Abid, M Duval, V Eisenhardt, P Elwell, J Heinrichsen, I Irace, WR LaPointe, J Larsen, M Shannon, M Taylor, N Wright, E AF Liu, Fengchuan Abid, Mohamed Duval, Valerie Eisenhardt, Peter Elwell, John Heinrichsen, Ingolf Irace, William R. LaPointe, Jason Larsen, Mark Shannon, Mark Taylor, Nicholas Wright, Edward BE Kahan, MA TI A Payload-Centric Integration and Test Approach on the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer Mission SO AN OPTICAL BELIEVE IT OR NOT: KEY LESSONS LEARNED II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on An Optical Believe It or Not: Key Lessons Learned II CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Infrared; telescope; cryogenic; integration and test AB NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission was successfully launched on December 14, 2009. All spacecraft subsystems and the single instrument consisting of four imaging bands from 3.4 to 22 microns, a 40 cm afocal telescope, reimaging optics, and a two-stage solid hydrogen cryostat have performed nominally on orbit, enabling the trouble-free survey of the entire infrared sky. Among the many factors that contributed to the WISE post-launch success is the thorough pre-launch system integration and test (I&T) approach tailored to the cryogenic payload. The simple and straightforward interfaces between the spacecraft and the payload allowed the payload to be fully tested prior to integration with the spacecraft. A payload high-fidelity thermal, mass and dynamic simulator allowed the spacecraft I&T to proceed independently through the system-level thermal vacuum test and random vibration test. A payload electrical simulator, a high-rate data processor and a science data ingest processor enabled very early end-to-end data flow and radio-frequency testing using engineering model payload electronics and spacecraft avionics, which allowed engineers to identify and fix developmental issues prior to building flight electronics. This paper describes in detail the WISE I&T approach, its benefits, challenges encountered and lessons learned. C1 [Liu, Fengchuan; Abid, Mohamed; Duval, Valerie; Eisenhardt, Peter; Heinrichsen, Ingolf; Irace, William R.; LaPointe, Jason] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Liu, FC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8292-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7796 AR 779608 DI 10.1117/12.864354 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BTQ75 UT WOS:000287800100007 ER PT S AU Stahl, HP AF Stahl, H. Philip BE Kahan, MA TI JWST Primary Mirror Technology Development Lessons Learned SO AN OPTICAL BELIEVE IT OR NOT: KEY LESSONS LEARNED II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on An Optical Believe It or Not: Key Lessons Learned II CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Large Optics; Mirror Technology; Optical Fabrication and Test; Cryogenic Mirrors; JWST ID GENERATION SPACE TELESCOPE AB Mirror technology is a critical enabling capability for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). JWST requires a Primary Mirror Segment Assembly (PMSA) that can survive launch, deploy and align itself to form a 6.5 meter diameter (25 square meter collecting area) primary mirror with a 131 nm rms wavefront error at temperatures < 50K and provide stable optical performance. At the inception of JWST in 1996, such a capability did not exist. A highly successful technology development program was initiated which achieved TRL-6 in 2007. This paper reviews the technology development program, the methodology for assessing that TRL-6 was achieved, and the importance of an Engineering Development Unit (EDU). Additionally, this paper captures the author's lessons learned. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Stahl, HP (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8292-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7796 AR 779604 DI 10.1117/12.860264 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BTQ75 UT WOS:000287800100003 ER PT J AU Meierhenrich, UJ Filippi, JJ Meinert, C Vierling, P Dworkin, JP AF Meierhenrich, Uwe J. Filippi, Jean-Jacques Meinert, Cornelia Vierling, Pierre Dworkin, Jason P. TI On the Origin of Primitive Cells: From Nutrient Intake to Elongation of Encapsulated Nucleotides SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE amphiphiles; liposomes; micelles; nucleotides; vesicles ID FATTY-ACID VESICLES; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SELF-REPRODUCING VESICLES; INTERSTELLAR ICE ANALOGS; AMINO-ACIDS; CARBONACEOUS METEORITES; MONOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS; MODEL PROTOCELL; LIPID VESICLES; SPONTANEOUS VESICULATION C1 [Meierhenrich, Uwe J.; Filippi, Jean-Jacques; Meinert, Cornelia; Vierling, Pierre] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inst Chim Nice, CNRS, LCMBA UMR 6001,Fac Sci, F-06108 Nice, France. [Dworkin, Jason P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Meierhenrich, UJ (reprint author), Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inst Chim Nice, CNRS, LCMBA UMR 6001,Fac Sci, Parc Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France. EM Uwe.Meierhenrich@unice.fr RI Meierhenrich, Uwe/A-1643-2008; Meinert, Cornelia/A-9293-2010; Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012 OI Meierhenrich, Uwe/0000-0001-6422-3930; Meinert, Cornelia/0000-0002-7256-2112; Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997 FU Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-07-BLA N-0293]; NASA Astrobiology Institute and Goddard Center for Astrobiology FX This work was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-07-BLA N-0293 and the NASA Astrobiology Institute and Goddard Center for Astrobiology. The fluorescence microscope images of simulated precometary ices were taken in collaboration with Dr Marla Moore, GSFC. The cover picture and 3D video were created by Adil Boujibar from Ingemedia, Toulon, France. We thank David Deamer for providing Figure 4. NR 86 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 22 BP 3738 EP 3750 DI 10.1002/anie.200905465 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 605NC UT WOS:000278353300004 PM 20437432 ER PT J AU Sempreviva, AM Schiano, ME Pensieri, S Semedo, A Tome, R Bozzano, R Borghini, M Grasso, F Soerensen, LL Teixeira, J Transerici, C AF Sempreviva, A. M. Schiano, M. E. Pensieri, S. Semedo, A. Tome, R. Bozzano, R. Borghini, M. Grasso, F. Soerensen, L. L. Teixeira, J. Transerici, C. TI Observed development of the vertical structure of the marine boundary layer during the LASIE experiment in the Ligurian Sea SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric composition and structure; Transmission and scattering of radiation ID MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; MIXING HEIGHT; SURFACE-LAYER; BALTIC SEA; TEMPERATURE; FLUXES; WATER; BUOY AB In the marine environment, complete datasets describing the surface layer and the vertical structure of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL), through its entire depth, are less frequent than over land, due to the high cost of measuring campaigns. During the seven days of the Ligurian Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (LASIE), organized by the NATO Undersea Research Centre (NURC) in the Mediterranean Sea, extensive in situ and remote sensing measurements were collected from instruments placed on a spar buoy and a ship. Standard surface meteorological measurements were collected by meteorological sensors mounted on the buoy ODAS Italia1 located in the centre of the Gulf of Genoa. The evolution of the height (z(i)) of the MABL was monitored using radiosondes and a ceilometer on board of the N/O Urania. Here, we present the database and an uncommon case study of the evolution of the vertical structure of the MABL, observed by two independent measuring systems: the ceilometer and radiosondes. Following the changes of surface flow conditions, in a sequence of onshore - offshore - onshore wind direction shifting episodes, during the mid part of the campaign, the overall structure of the MABL changed. Warm and dry air from land advected over a colder sea, induced a stably stratified Internal Boundary Layer (IBL) and a consequent change in the structure of the vertical profiles of potential temperature and relative humidity. C1 [Sempreviva, A. M.] CNR ISAC, I-88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy. [Sempreviva, A. M.; Semedo, A.; Tome, R.; Soerensen, L. L.] Risoe DTU, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Schiano, M. E.] CNR ISMAR, I-16149 Genoa, Italy. [Pensieri, S.; Bozzano, R.] CNR ISSIA, I-16149 Genoa, Italy. [Semedo, A.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, S-75182 Uppsala, Sweden. [Tome, R.] Azores Univ, Ctr Clima Meteorol & Mudancas Globais, P-97100 Terceira, Portugal. [Borghini, M.] CNR ISMAR, I-19100 La Spezia, Italy. [Grasso, F.] CNR ISAC, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Soerensen, L. L.] Univ Aarhus, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Teixeira, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Transerici, C.] CNR ISAC, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Sempreviva, AM (reprint author), CNR ISAC, I-88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy. EM am.sempreviva@isac.cnr.it RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; Semedo, Alvaro/B-1615-2016; Sorensen, Lise Lotte/M-5054-2016; OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Semedo, Alvaro/0000-0003-1016-5223; Sorensen, Lise Lotte/0000-0002-9823-589X; BOZZANO, ROBERTO/0000-0002-5163-2396; Semedo, Alvaro/0000-0002-2434-8517; Pensieri, Sara/0000-0002-7634-8543 FU NURC; FP6 Marie Curie Research Network ModObs [MRTN-CT-2006-019369]; Azores University [M3.1.1/I/010A/2005]; ModObs Network FX We thank the Italian CNR for the availability of R/V Urania during the dedicated cruise "LIGURE2007", coordinated by Sandro Carniel (CNR-ISMAR, Venice). The captain and crew of the N/O URANIA are also ttributions to this successful campaign. We thank NURC for organizing the LASIE campaign and granting funding for shipping instruments and for the purchasing of radiosondes. Michael Courtney, Soeren Lund and Lars Christensen, from Risoe-DTU, are thanked for setting up the ceilometer acquisition system. Daniele Contini and Antonio Donadeo from CNR-ISAC Lecce, and Pedro Miranda from the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, are also thanked for useful discussions on the paper. Alvaro Semedo and Ricardo Tome acknowledge the funding from the FP6 Marie Curie Research Network ModObs MRTN-CT-2006-019369. Ricardo Tome acknowledges funding from the Azores University, grant M3.1.1/I/010A/2005. The ModObs Network www.modobs.windeng.net has been one of the sponsors of the LASIE Campaign.hanked for their excellent con NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 550OI UT WOS:000274136900003 ER PT J AU Mierla, M Inhester, B Antunes, A Boursier, Y Byrne, JP Colaninno, R Davila, J de Koning, CA Gallagher, PT Gissot, S Howard, RA Howard, TA Kramar, M Lamy, P Liewer, PC Maloney, S Marque, C McAteer, TJ Moran, T Rodriguez, L Srivastava, N Cyr, OCS Stenborg, G Temmer, M Thernisien, A Vourlidas, A West, MJ Wood, BE Zhukov, AN AF Mierla, M. Inhester, B. Antunes, A. Boursier, Y. Byrne, J. P. Colaninno, R. Davila, J. de Koning, C. A. Gallagher, P. T. Gissot, S. Howard, R. A. Howard, T. A. Kramar, M. Lamy, P. Liewer, P. C. Maloney, S. Marque, C. McAteer, T. J. Moran, T. Rodriguez, L. Srivastava, N. Cyr, O. C. St. Stenborg, G. Temmer, M. Thernisien, A. Vourlidas, A. West, M. J. Wood, B. E. Zhukov, A. N. TI On the 3-D reconstruction of Coronal Mass Ejections using coronagraph data SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Solar physics, astrophysics, and astronomy; Flares and mass ejections ID GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; STEREO MISSION; CONE MODEL; SECCHI; LASCO; CMES; ASSOCIATION; TRANSIENTS; SPACECRAFT; GEOMETRY AB Coronal Mass ejections (CMEs) are enormous eruptions of magnetized plasma expelled from the Sun into the interplanetary space, over the course of hours to days. They can create major disturbances in the interplanetary medium and trigger severe magnetic storms when they collide with the Earth's magnetosphere. It is important to know their real speed, propagation direction and 3-D configuration in order to accurately predict their arrival time at the Earth. Using data from the SECCHI coronagraphs onboard the STEREO mission, which was launched in October 2006, we can infer the propagation direction and the 3-D structure of such events. In this review, we first describe different techniques that were used to model the 3-D configuration of CMEs in the coronagraph field of view ( up to 15 R-circle dot). Then, we apply these techniques to different CMEs observed by various coronagraphs. A comparison of results obtained from the application of different reconstruction algorithms is presented and discussed. C1 [Mierla, M.] Romanian Acad, Inst Geodynam, Bucharest, Romania. [Mierla, M.; Gissot, S.; Marque, C.; Rodriguez, L.; West, M. J.; Zhukov, A. N.] Royal Observ Belgium, Solar Terr Ctr Excellence SIDC, Brussels, Belgium. [Inhester, B.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Antunes, A.; Howard, R. A.; Vourlidas, A.; Wood, B. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Boursier, Y.; Lamy, P.] Lab Astrophys Marseille, Marseille, France. [Boursier, Y.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Signal Proc Inst, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Byrne, J. P.; Gallagher, P. T.; Maloney, S.; McAteer, T. J.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Astrophys Res Grp, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Colaninno, R.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [de Koning, C. A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES SWPC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Howard, T. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Howard, T. A.] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Kramar, M.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Liewer, P. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Srivastava, N.] Phys Res Lab, Udaipur Solar Observ, Udaipur, India. [Stenborg, G.] Interferometrics Inc, Herndon, VA USA. [Temmer, M.] Graz Univ, Inst Phys, Kanzelhohe Observ IGAM, Graz, Austria. [Thernisien, A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Zhukov, A. N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. RP Mierla, M (reprint author), Romanian Acad, Inst Geodynam, Bucharest, Romania. EM mmierla@gmail.com RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; McAteer, R. T. James/D-3736-2011; Byrne, Jason/K-4827-2013; Maloney, Shane/G-6879-2016; Gallagher, Peter/C-7717-2011; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Byrne, Jason/0000-0002-9412-8878; Gallagher, Peter/0000-0001-9745-0400; Temmer, Manuela/0000-0003-4867-7558 FU SIDC; ROB; Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Physics, University of Graz [APART 11262]; ESA; NASA FX M. M. would like to thank SIDC and ROB for the financial support and for the facilities to carry out this work. M. T. is a recipient of an APART-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Physics, University of Graz (APART 11262). We acknowledge the SECCHI/STEREO and SOHO/LASCO consortia for providing the data. The SEC-CHI data used here were produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab (USA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck Institute for Solar System Research (Germany), Centre Spatiale de Liege (Belgium), Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee (France), Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). The LASCO data used here were produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (France, the former Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale), the Max-Planck Institute for Solar System Research (Germany), and the School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, (UK). SoHO is a project of joint collaboration by ESA and NASA. NR 73 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 1 BP 203 EP 215 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 550OI UT WOS:000274136900019 ER PT J AU Bochsler, P Lee, MA Karrer, R Jian, LK Ellis, L Farrugia, CJ Galvin, AB Kistler, LM Kucharek, H Mobius, E Popecki, MA Simunac, KDC Blush, LM Daoudi, H Wurz, P Klecker, B Wimmer-Schweingruber, RF Thompson, B Luhmann, JG Russell, CT Opitz, A AF Bochsler, P. Lee, M. A. Karrer, R. Jian, L. K. Ellis, L. Farrugia, C. J. Galvin, A. B. Kistler, L. M. Kucharek, H. Moebius, E. Popecki, M. A. Simunac, K. D. C. Blush, L. M. Daoudi, H. Wurz, P. Klecker, B. Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F. Thompson, B. Luhmann, J. G. Russell, C. T. Opitz, A. TI Diagnostics of corotating interaction regions with the kinetic properties of iron ions as determined with STEREO/PLASTIC SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Interplanetary physics; Discontinuities; Interplanetary shocks; Solar wind plasma ID SOLAR-WIND; STREAM INTERFACES; SOHO/CELIAS/CTOF; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB STEREO/PLASTIC determines three-dimensional distributions of solar wind iron ions with unprecedented time resolution. Typically 300 to 1000 counts are registered within each 5 min time interval. For the present study we use the information contained in these distributions to characterize CIRs (Corotating Interaction Regions) in two test cases. We perform a consistency test for both the derived physical parameters and for the analytical model of CIRs of Lee (2000). At 1 AU we find that apart from compositional changes the most indicative parameter for marking the time when a CIR passes a spacecraft is the angular deflection of the flow vector of particles. Changes in particle densities and the changes in magnitudes of speeds are apparently less reliable indicators of stream interfaces. C1 [Bochsler, P.; Lee, M. A.; Ellis, L.; Farrugia, C. J.; Galvin, A. B.; Kistler, L. M.; Kucharek, H.; Moebius, E.; Popecki, M. A.; Simunac, K. D. C.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Karrer, R.; Blush, L. M.; Daoudi, H.; Wurz, P.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Jian, L. K.; Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Klecker, B.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F.] Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. [Thompson, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Luhmann, J. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Opitz, A.] CNRS UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. RP Bochsler, P (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM bochsler@soho.unibe.ch RI Jian, Lan/B-4053-2010; Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012; Galvin, Antoinette/A-6114-2013; OI Jian, Lan/0000-0002-6849-5527; Moebius, Eberhard/0000-0002-2745-6978; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 FU NASA STEREO [NAS5-00132] FX The authors thank all the individuals who designed and built the PLASTIC instruments for STEREO at the University of New Hampshire, the University of Bern, the Max-Planck-Institute fur extraterrestrische Physik and the University of Kiel, among them M. Boehm, J. Carroll, A. Crawshaw, M. Conti, P. Demaine, S. Ellis, J. A. Gaidos, J. Googins, M. Granoff, A. Gustafson, D. Heirtzler, B. King, U. Knauss, J. Levasseur, S. Longworth, K. Singer, S. Turco, P. Vachon, M. Vosbury, M. Widholm, J. Fischer, J. Jost, M. Sigrist, A. Etter, M. Ertl, E. Seidenschwang, and M. Koeten. We thank the topical editor, Robert Forsyth, for helpful discussions, and we acknowledge support by NASA STEREO contract NAS5-00132.; Topical Editor R. Forsyth thanks two anonymous referees for their help in evaluating this paper. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 2 BP 491 EP 497 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 561RH UT WOS:000274995800016 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, PS Sud, YC Liu, X Walker, GK Yang, R Wang, J AF Bhattacharjee, P. S. Sud, Y. C. Liu, X. Walker, G. K. Yang, R. Wang, J. TI Importance of including ammonium sulfate ((NH4)(2)SO4) aerosols for ice cloud parameterization in GCMs SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric composition and structure (Aerosols and particles; Cloud physics and chemistry); Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (Climatology) ID BOREAL-SUMMER CIRCULATION; SCHUBERT SCHEME MCRAS; MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; MODEL DESCRIPTION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SULFURIC-ACID; PART II; NUCLEATION; MICROPHYSICS AB A common deficiency of many cloud-physics parameterizations including the NASA's microphysics of clouds with aerosol-cloud interactions (hereafter called McRAS-AC) is that they simulate lesser (larger) than the observed ice cloud particle number (size). A single column model (SCM) of McRAS-AC physics of the GEOS4 Global Circulation Model (GCM) together with an adiabatic parcel model (APM) for ice-cloud nucleation (IN) of aerosols were used to systematically examine the influence of introducing ammonium sulfate (NH4)(2)SO4 aerosols in McRAS-AC and its influence on the optical properties of both liquid and ice clouds. First an (NH4)(2)SO4 parameterization was included in the APM to assess its effect on clouds vis-A -vis that of the other aerosols. Subsequently, several evaluation tests were conducted over the ARM Southern Great Plain (SGP) and thirteen other locations (sorted into pristine and polluted conditions) distributed over marine and continental sites with the SCM. The statistics of the simulated cloud climatology were evaluated against the available ground and satellite data. The results showed that inclusion of (NH4)(2)SO4 into McRAS-AC of the SCM made a remarkable improvement in the simulated effective radius of ice cloud particulates. However, the corresponding ice-cloud optical thickness increased even more than the observed. This can be caused by lack of horizontal cloud advection not performed in the SCM. Adjusting the other tunable parameters such as precipitation efficiency can mitigate this deficiency. Inclusion of ice cloud particle splintering invoked empirically further reduced simulation biases. Overall, these changes make a substantial improvement in simulated cloud optical properties and cloud distribution particularly over the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the GCM. C1 [Bhattacharjee, P. S.; Yang, R.] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Sud, Y. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Liu, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Walker, G. K.] SAIC Gen Sci Operat, Beltsville, MD USA. [Wang, J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Bhattacharjee, PS (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM perths3@gmail.com RI Bhattacharjee, Partha/B-1620-2009; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008 OI Bhattacharjee, Partha/0000-0003-1117-0649; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490 FU NASA [NNX06AF30G]; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) [NNX08AV02H]; NASA MAP [NNX09AI80G]; DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX This work is funded by NASA grants NNX06AF30G-Global Environmental Change-hazards and regional impacts, NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) grant NNX08AV02H, and NASA MAP program (NNX09AI80G). The other authors are funded through MAP proposal. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. We also thank Xiping Zeng for helpful discussion on ice particle splintering and our reviewers for useful recommendations for better clarity and comparison to other GCM parameterizations.; Topical Editor F. D'Andrea thanks three anonymous referees for their help in evaluating this paper. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 2 BP 621 EP 631 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 561RH UT WOS:000274995800026 ER PT J AU Hoffman, RA Gjerloev, JW Frank, LA Sigwarth, JW AF Hoffman, R. A. Gjerloev, J. W. Frank, L. A. Sigwarth, J. W. TI Are there optical differences between storm-time substorms and isolated substorms? SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; Auroral phenomena; Magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; Storms and substorms ID AURORAL SUBSTORMS; MAGNETIC STORM; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; DYNAMICS; ELECTROJETS; PARAMETERS; SYSTEM; PHASE AB We have performed an extensive analysis of auroral optical events (substorms) that occurred during the development of the main phase of magnetic storms. Using images from the Earth Camera on the Polar spacecraft (Frank et al., 1995), we compared the optical emission features of substorms occurring during 16 expansion phases of magnetic storms with the features of isolated substorms occurring during non-storm times. The comparison used two techniques, visual inspection and statistical comparisons. The comparisons were based on the common characteristics seen in isolated substorms that were initially identified by Akasofu (1964) and quantified by Gjerloev et al. (2008). We find that when auroral activity does occur during main phase development the characteristics of the aurora are very dissimilar to those of the classical isolated substorm. The primary differences include the lack of a surge/bulge, lack of bifurcation of the aurora, much shorter expansion phases, and greater intensities. Since a surge/bulge and bifurcation of the aurora are characteristics of the existence of a substorm current wedge, a key component of the magnetosphere-ionosphere current system during substorms, the lack of this component would indicate that the classical substorm model does not apply to the storm time magnetosphere-ionosphere current system. Rather several of the analyses suggest that the storm-time substorms are associated more closely with the auroral oval, at least spatially, and, therefore, probably with the plasma sheet dynamics during the main phase development. These results then must call into question the widely held assumption that there is no intrinsic difference between storm-time substorms and classical isolated substorms. C1 [Gjerloev, J. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Hoffman, R. A.; Sigwarth, J. W.] NASA, Heliophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Frank, L. A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Gjerloev, JW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM jesper.gjerloev@jhuapl.edu NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1183 EP 1198 DI 10.5194/angeo-28-1183-2010 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 603CF UT WOS:000278184800012 ER PT J AU Delcourt, DC Moore, TE Fok, MCH AF Delcourt, D. C. Moore, T. E. Fok, M. -C. H. TI Ion dynamics during compression of Mercury's magnetosphere SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; Planetary magnetospheres ID SINGLE-PARTICLE ORBITS; MESSENGERS 1ST FLYBY; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CURRENT SHEET; MODEL; MAGNETOTAIL; ATMOSPHERE; PHASE AB Because of the small planetary magnetic field as well as proximity to the Sun that leads to enhanced solar wind pressure as compared to Earth, the magnetosphere of Mercury is very dynamical and at times subjected to prominent compression. We investigate the dynamics of magnetospheric ions during such compression events. Using three-dimensional single-particle simulations, we show that the electric field induced by the time varying magnetic field can lead to significant ion energization, up to several hundreds of eVs or a few keVs. This energization occurs in a nonadiabatic manner, being characterized by large enhancements of the ion magnetic moment and bunching in gyration phase. It is obtained when the ion cyclotron period is comparable to the field variation time scale. This condition for nonadiabatic heating is realized in distinct regions of space for ions with different mass-to-charge ratios. During compression of Mercury's magnetosphere, heavy ions originating from the planetary exosphere may be subjected to such an abrupt energization, leading to loading of the magnetospheric lobes with energetic material. C1 [Delcourt, D. C.] UPMC, LPP, Ecole Polytech, CNRS,UMR7648, St Maur Des Fosses, France. [Moore, T. E.; Fok, M. -C. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Delcourt, DC (reprint author), UPMC, LPP, Ecole Polytech, CNRS,UMR7648, St Maur Des Fosses, France. EM dominique.delcourt@lpp.polytechnique.fr RI Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012; Fok, Mei-Ching/D-1626-2012 OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137; NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1467 EP 1474 DI 10.5194/angeo-28-1467-2010 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 645EC UT WOS:000281432700001 ER PT J AU Lepping, RP Wu, CC AF Lepping, R. P. Wu, C. -C. TI Selection effects in identifying magnetic clouds and the importance of the closest approach parameter SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Interplanetary physics; Interplanetary magnetic fields; Solar wind plasma ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTER-PLANETARY SHOCK; SOLAR-WIND ELECTRONS; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; FIELD STRUCTURE; DRIVER GAS; COSMIC-RAY; 1 AU; VOYAGER AB This study is motivated by the unusually low number of magnetic clouds (MCs) that are strictly identified within interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), as observed at 1 AU; this is usually estimated to be around 30% or lower. But a looser definition of MCs may significantly increase this percentage. Another motivation is the unexpected shape of the occurrence distribution of the observers' 'closest approach distances' (measured from a MC's axis, and called CA) which drops off somewhat rapidly as |CA| (in % of MC radius) approaches 100%, based on earlier studies. We suggest, for various geometrical and physical reasons, that the |CA|-distribution should be somewhere between a uniform one and the one actually observed, and therefore the 30% estimate should be higher. So we ask, When there is a failure to identify a MC within an ICME, is it occasionally due to a large |CA| passage, making MC identification more difficult, i.e., is it due to an event selection effect? In attempting to answer this question we examine WIND data to obtain an accurate distribution of the number of MCs vs. |CA| distance, whether the event is ICME-related or not, where initially a large number of cases (N=98) are considered. This gives a frequence distribution that is far from uniform, confirming earlier studies. This along with the fact that there are many ICME identification-parameters that do not depend on |CA| suggest that, indeed an MC event selection effect may explain at least part of the low ratio of (No. MCs)/(No. ICMEs). We also show that there is an acceptable geometrical and physical consistency in the relationships for both average 'normalized' magnetic field intensity change and field direction change vs. |CA| within a MC, suggesting that our estimates of |CA|, B(O) (magnetic field intensity on the axis), and choice of a proper 'cloud coordinate' system (all needed in the analysis) are acceptably accurate. Therefore, the MC fitting model (Lepping et al., 1990) is adequate, on average, for our analysis. However, this selection effect is not likely to completely answer our original question, on the unexpected ratio of MCs to ICMEs, so we must look for other factors, such as peculiarities of CME birth conditions. As a by-product of this analysis, we determine that the first order structural effects within a MC due to its interaction with the solar wind, plus the MC's usual expansion at 1 AU (i.e., the non-force free components of the MC's field) are, on average, weakly dependent on radial distance from the MC's axis; that is, in the outer reaches of a typical MC the non-force free effects show up, but even there they are rather weak. Finally, we show that it is not likely that a MC's size distribution statistically controls the occurrence distribution of the estimated |CA|s. C1 [Wu, C. -C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Lepping, R. P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliosphys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM chin-chun.wu@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA [NNG08EF51P, NNX07AH85G] FX We thank the WIND/MFI and SWE teams, for the care they employ in producing the plasma and field data used for part of this work, and in particular we thank Keith Ogilvie, the SWE principal investigator, and Adam Szabo (PI) and Franco Mariani of the MFI team. We thank Daniel Berdichevsky for helpful comments. We are very grateful to the referee for pointing out an error in our original computation of the average model field across a magnetic cloud. This work was supported by the NASA Helio-physics Guest Investigator and Living With a Star programs under grant numbers NNG08EF51P and NNX07AH85G. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1539 EP 1552 DI 10.5194/angeo-28-1539-2010 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 645EC UT WOS:000281432700008 ER PT J AU Bortnik, J Bleier, TE Dunson, C Freund, F AF Bortnik, J. Bleier, T. E. Dunson, C. Freund, F. TI Estimating the seismotelluric current required for observable electromagnetic ground signals SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetics; Wave propagation ID MAGNETIC-FIELD MEASUREMENTS; LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; PARKFIELD EARTHQUAKE; AFTERSHOCK ACTIVITY; FAULT-ZONE; ULF; PRECURSORS; EMISSIONS; CONDUCTIVITY; GENERATION AB We use a relatively simple model of an underground current source co-located with the earthquake hypocenter to estimate the magnitude of the seismotelluric current required to produce observable ground signatures. The Alum Rock earthquake of 31 October 2007, is used as an archetype of a typical California earthquake, and the effects of varying the ground conductivity and length of the current element are examined. Results show that for an observed 30 nT pulse at 1 Hz, the expected seismotelluric current magnitudes fall in the range similar to 10-100 kA. By setting the detectability threshold to 1 pT, we show that even when large values of ground conductivity are assumed, magnetic signals are readily detectable within a range of 30 km from the epicenter. When typical values of ground conductivity are assumed, the minimum current required to produce an observable signal within a 30 km range was found to be similar to 1 kA, which is a surprisingly low value. Furthermore, we show that deep nulls in the signal power develop in the non-cardinal directions relative to the orientation of the source current, indicating that a magnetometer station located in those regions may not observe a signal even though it is well within the detectable range. This result underscores the importance of using a network of magnetometers when searching for preseismic electromagnetic signals. C1 [Bortnik, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bleier, T. E.; Dunson, C.] QuakeFinder LLC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Freund, F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Freund, F.] Carl Sagan Ctr, SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Bortnik, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Room 7115,Math Sci Bldg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jbortnik@gmail.com FU QuakeFinder/Stellar Solutions Inc.; NASA [NNG04GD16A] FX This work was supported by QuakeFinder/Stellar Solutions Inc., and NASA grant NNG04GD16A. The authors would like to thank Celeste V. Ford for her ongoing help and support. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1615 EP 1624 DI 10.5194/angeo-28-1615-2010 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 645EC UT WOS:000281432700014 ER PT S AU Brall, A AF Brall, Aron GP IEEE TI Reliability Analysis - A Tool Set for Improving Business Processes SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2010 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium/International Symposium on Product Quality and Integrity CY JAN 25-28, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP AIAA, IEEE, ASQ, IEST, IIE, SAE, SOLE, SRE, SSS DE Business Process; FMEA; Reliability; Fault Tree Analysis AB A methodology for applying reliability tools to business processes is presented as a means of controlling and/or reducing costs. The concept of a failure cost distribution and using it to prioritize analysis and corrective action is presented. In general, the use of reliability tools to prevent business process failures is a cost effective approach. C1 NASA, ManTech SRS Technol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Brall, A (reprint author), NASA, ManTech SRS Technol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 322,Bldg 6, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM aron.brall-1@nasa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4244-5103-6 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BTL33 UT WOS:000287207000076 ER PT S AU Datta, K Morrison, RS AF Datta, Koushik Morrison, Richard S. GP IEEE TI Assessing The Fire Risk For A Historic Hangar SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2010 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium/International Symposium on Product Quality and Integrity CY JAN 25-28, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP AIAA, IEEE, ASQ, IEST, IIE, SAE, SOLE, SRE, SSS DE Risk Assessment; Event Tree; Fire Suppression; Hangar AB NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) is evaluating options of reuse of its historic Hangar 1. As a part of this evaluation, a qualitative fire risk assessment study was performed to evaluate the potential threat of combustion on occupants and air vehicles. The study focused on the fire risk trade-off of either installing or not installing a Special Hazard Fire Suppression System in the Hangar 1 deck areas. The assessment methodology was useful in discussing the important issues among various groups within the Center. Once the methodology was deemed acceptable, the results were assessed. The results showed that, at least qualitatively, the risk remained similar, whether Hangar 1 does or does not have a Special Hazard Fire Suppression System. The assessed risk results were then communicated to management and other stakeholders. C1 [Datta, Koushik; Morrison, Richard S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Datta, K (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 237-15, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Koushik.Datta@nasa.gov; Richard.S.Morrison@nasa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4244-5103-6 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BTL33 UT WOS:000287207000057 ER EF