FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT B
AU Fernando, P
Sankaran, H
Katkoori, S
Keymeulen, D
Stoica, A
Zebulum, R
Rajeshuni, R
AF Fernando, Pradeep
Sankaran, Hariharan
Katkoori, Srinivas
Keymeulen, Didier
Stoica, Adrian
Zebulum, Ricardo
Rajeshuni, Ramesham
GP IEEE
TI A customizable FPGA IP core implementation of a general purpose Genetic
Algorithm engine
SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING,
VOLS 1-8
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational
Models/22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing
Symposium
CY APR 14-18, 2008
CL Miami, FL
SP IEEE
AB Hardware implementation of Genetic Algorithms (GA) is gaining importance as genetic algorithms can be effectively used as an optimization engine for real-time applications (for e.g., evolvable hardware). In this work, we report the design of an IP core that implements a general purpose GA engine which has been successfully synthesized and verified on a Xilinx Virtex II Pro FPGA Device (XC2VP30). The placed and routed IP core has an area utilization of only 16% and clock period of 2.2ns (similar to 450MHz). The GA core can be customized in terms of the population size, number of generations, cross-over and mutation rates, and the random number generator seed. The GA engine can be tailored to a given application by interfacing with the application specific fitness evaluation module as well as the required storage memory (to store the current and new populations). The core is soft in nature i.e., a gate-level netlist is provided which can be readily integrated with the user's system.
C1 [Fernando, Pradeep; Sankaran, Hariharan; Katkoori, Srinivas] Univ S Florida, CSE Dept, 4202 E Fowler Ave ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
[Keymeulen, Didier; Stoica, Adrian; Zebulum, Ricardo; Rajeshuni, Ramesham] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Fernando, P (reprint author), Univ S Florida, CSE Dept, 4202 E Fowler Ave ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
EM katkoori@cse.usf.edu; didier.keymeulen@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1693-6
PY 2008
BP 3467
EP +
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BID12
UT WOS:000258501402086
ER
PT B
AU Force, DA
Simons, RN
Peterson, TT
Rodriguez-Arroyo, A
Visalsawat, J
Spitsen, PC
Menninger, WL
Robbins, NR
Dibb, DR
Todd, PC
AF Force, Dale A.
Simons, Rainee N.
Peterson, Todd T.
Rodriguez-Arroyo, Adan
Visalsawat, Jirasak
Spitsen, Paul C.
Menninger, William L.
Robbins, Neal R.
Dibb, Daniel R.
Todd, Phillip C.
GP IEEE
TI K-Band TWTA for the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE
SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 9th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference
CY APR 22-24, 2008
CL Monterey, CA
SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc
DE K-Band; traveling wave tube; Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter; TWTA; EPC
AB This paper presents the K-Band traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) developed for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and discusses the new capabilities it provides.
C1 [Force, Dale A.; Simons, Rainee N.; Peterson, Todd T.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Force, DA (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM Dale.A.Force@nasa.gov
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1715-5
J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C
PY 2008
BP 193
EP 194
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BIH43
UT WOS:000259487900098
ER
PT B
AU Komm, DS
Hoppe, DJ
AF Komm, David S.
Hoppe, Daniel J.
GP IEEE
TI Gaseous dielectric high voltage insulation for space applications
SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE
SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 9th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference
CY APR 22-24, 2008
CL Monterey, CA
SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc
DE sulfur hexafluoride; SF6; high voltage power supply; TWTA; EPC; gaseous
insulation; ionization breakdown
AB This paper describes a miniature high voltage power supply for space use that is comparable to a TWTA EPC The supply uses a gaseous mixture of SF(6) and N(2) for bulk high voltage insulation rather than a solid dielectric (i.e., potting). Experimental breakdown data show good agreement with ionization theory after accounting for geometrical effects typical of real power supplies. In the proper application, a gaseous dielectric is advantageous compared to potting for minimizing mass and volume. Gaseous dielectrics also offer certain manufacturing advantages such as guaranteed freedom from voids and ease of rework.
C1 [Komm, David S.; Hoppe, Daniel J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Komm, DS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM david.komm@jpl.nasa.gov; daniel.j.hoppe@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1715-5
J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C
PY 2008
BP 375
EP 376
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BIH43
UT WOS:000259487900195
ER
PT B
AU Yim, S
Ohta, R
Killian, JL
Zuckerman, NB
Allen, E
Nguyen, CV
AF Yim, Setha
Ohta, Riichiro
Killian, Jessie L.
Zuckerman, Nathaniel B.
Allen, Emily
Nguyen, Cattien V.
GP IEEE
TI Enhanced field emission properties from carbon nanotube emitters grown
on NiCr alloy surfaces with grain boundary effect
SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE
SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 9th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference
CY APR 22-24, 2008
CL Monterey, CA
SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc
DE carbon nanotube; field emission; segregation; 80/20 and 70/30 NiCr metal
alloys; auger elemental mapping; grain boundary effect
C1 [Yim, Setha; Ohta, Riichiro; Zuckerman, Nathaniel B.; Nguyen, Cattien V.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ELORET Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Yim, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ELORET Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM cattien.v.nguyen@nasa.gov
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1715-5
J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C
PY 2008
BP 430
EP 431
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BIH43
UT WOS:000259487900222
ER
PT B
AU Killian, JL
Niemann, DL
Zuckerman, N
Silan, J
Ribaya, BP
Rahman, M
Meyyappan, M
Nguyen, CV
AF Killian, Jessica L.
Niemann, Darrell L.
Zuckerman, Nathaniel
Silan, Jeremy
Ribaya, Bryan P.
Rahman, Mahmud
Meyyappan, M.
Nguyen, Cattien V.
GP IEEE
TI Field emission properties of carbon nanotube pillar arrays patterned
directly on metal alloy surfaces
SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE
SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 9th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference
CY APR 22-24, 2008
CL Monterey, CA
SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc
AB Carbon nanotube pillar arrays (CPAs) for cold field emission were fabricated using a conventional photolithography process, and the geometry of these arrays was studied and the effect of pillar height on field emission was quantified. Our CPA samples achieved turn-on fields as low as 0.9 V/mu m and stable current densities of 10 mA/cm(2) at applied field lower than 6V/mu m.
C1 [Killian, Jessica L.; Zuckerman, Nathaniel; Nguyen, Cattien V.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ELORET Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Killian, JL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ELORET Corp, M-S 229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1715-5
J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C
PY 2008
BP 432
EP 433
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BIH43
UT WOS:000259487900223
ER
PT B
AU Niemann, DL
Silan, J
Killian, JL
Ribaya, B
Rahman, M
Nguyen, CV
AF Niemann, Darrell L.
Silan, Jeremy
Killian, Jessica L.
Ribaya, Bryan
Rahman, Mahmudur
Nguyen, Cattien V.
GP IEEE
TI Gated carbon nanotube pillar arrays for high current applications
SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE
SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 9th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference
CY APR 22-24, 2008
CL Monterey, CA
SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc
C1 [Niemann, Darrell L.; Silan, Jeremy; Ribaya, Bryan; Nguyen, Cattien V.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Niemann, DL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1715-5
J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C
PY 2008
BP 434
EP 435
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BIH43
UT WOS:000259487900224
ER
PT S
AU Elkaim, GH
Lizarraga, M
Pedersen, L
AF Elkaim, G. H.
Lizarraga, M.
Pedersen, L.
GP IEEE
TI Comparison of low-cost GPS/INS sensors for autonomous vehicle
applications
SO 2008 IEEE/ION POSITION, LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-3
SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/ON Position, Location and Navigation Symposium
CY MAY 05-08, 2008
CL Monterey, CA
SP IEEE, ON
AB Autonomous Vehicle applications (Unmanned Ground Vehicles, Micro-Air Vehicles, UAV's, and Marine Surface Vehicles) all require accurate position and attitude to be effective. Commercial units range in both cost and accuracy, as well as power, size, and weight. With the advent of low-cost blended GPS/INS solutions, several new options are available to accomplish the positioning task. In this work, we experimentally compare three commercially available, off-the-shelf units in-situ, in terms of both position, and attitude. The compared units are a Microbotics MEDG-II, a Tokimec VSAS-2GM, along with a KVH Fiber Optic Gyro. The position truth measure is from a Trimble Ag122 DGPS receiver, and the attitude truth is from the KVH in yaw. Care is taken to make sure that all measurements are taken simultaneously, and that the sensors are all mounted rigidly to the vehicle chassis. A series of measurement trials are performed, including light driving on coastal roads and highway speeds, static bench testing, and flight data taken in a light aircraft both flying up the coast as well as aggressively maneuvering. Allan Variance analysis performed on all of the sensors, and their noise characteristics are compared directly. A table is included with the final consistent models for these sensors, and a methodology for creating such models for any additional sensors as they are made available.
The Microbotics MEDG-II demonstrates performance that is superior to the Tokimec VSAS-2GM, both in terms of raw positioning data, as well as attitude data. While both perform quite well during flight, the MIDG is much better during driving tests. This is due to the MIDG internal tightly-coupled architecture, which is able to better fuse the GPS information with the noisy inertial sensor measurements.
C1 [Elkaim, G. H.; Lizarraga, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Autonomous Syst Lab, Comp Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Pedersen, L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Elkaim, GH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Autonomous Syst Lab, Comp Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
FU NSF CNS Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) [0521675]; Development of
an Autonomous Robotic Vehicle Instrument
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the donation of the Tokimec VSAS-2GM
unit from Tokimec USA, Inc., and the donation of the KVH DSP-3000 from
KVH Industries, Inc. This research was partially supported by NSF CNS
Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) grant #0521675, Development of an
Autonomous Robotic Vehicle Instrument.
NR 17
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2153-358X
BN 978-1-4244-1536-6
J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT
PY 2008
BP 285
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
GA BIE50
UT WOS:000258922700038
ER
PT S
AU Quirk, KJ
Gin, JW
Srinivasan, M
AF Quirk, Kevin J.
Gin, Jonathan W.
Srinivasan, Meera
GP IEEE
TI OPTICAL PPM SYNCHRONIZATION FOR PHOTON COUNTING RECEIVERS
SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7
SE IEEE Military Communications Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008)
CY NOV 16-19, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP IEEE
AB The performance of two signal synchronization schemes for photon counting receivers used in optical PPM communication systems operating in low flux conditions, such as proposed deep space optical communication links, are analyzed. The pilot symbol insertion and inter-symbol guard time synchronization schemes' performance are compared under conditions of equal throughput and equal peak or average power at representative operating points, including frequency offset due to transmit and receiver oscillator instability.
C1 [Quirk, Kevin J.; Gin, Jonathan W.; Srinivasan, Meera] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Quirk, KJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7578
BN 978-1-4244-2676-8
J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C
PY 2008
BP 150
EP 156
PG 7
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications
GA BJK58
UT WOS:000266709300023
ER
PT S
AU Dolinar, S
Andrews, K
Pollara, F
Divsalar, D
AF Dolinar, Sam
Andrews, Kenneth
Pollara, Fabrizio
Divsalar, Dariush
GP IEEE
TI Bounded Angle Iterative Decoding of LDPC Codes
SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7
SE IEEE Military Communications Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008)
CY NOV 16-19, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP IEEE
AB A modification to the usual iterative decoding algorithm for LDPC codes, called bounded angle iterative (BA-I) decoding, is introduced. The modified decoder erases codewords detected during iterations that fall outside a maximum decoding angle with respect to the received observation. The new algorithm is applicable in scenarios that demand a very low undetected error rate but require short LDPC codes that are too vulnerable to undetected errors when the usual iterative decoding algorithm is used. BA-I decoding provides a means of reducing the maximum undetected error rate for short LDPC codes significantly, by incorporating a simple extra condition into the iterative decoder structure without redesigning the code. The reduction in undetected error rate comes at a price of increasing the threshold signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required for achieving a good overall error rate, but this increase in channel threshold can be minimized by allowing the decoder's maximum decoding angle to vary with SNR.
C1 [Dolinar, Sam; Andrews, Kenneth; Pollara, Fabrizio; Divsalar, Dariush] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Dolinar, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Samuel.J.Dolinar.Jr@jpl.nasa.gov; Kenneth.S.Andrews@jpl.nasa.gov;
Fabrizio.Pollara@jpl.nasa.gov; Dariush.Divsalar@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 14
TC 0
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U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7578
BN 978-1-4244-2676-8
J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C
PY 2008
BP 1297
EP 1302
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications
GA BJK58
UT WOS:000266709300195
ER
PT S
AU Rahman, S
Atiquzzaman, M
Ivancic, W
Eddy, W
Stewart, D
AF Rahman, Sazzadur
Atiquzzaman, Mohammed
Ivancic, William
Eddy, Wesley
Stewart, Dave
GP IEEE
TI IMPLEMENTATION OF SCTP IN AN OPEN SOURCE REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEM
SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7
SE IEEE Military Communications Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008)
CY NOV 16-19, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP IEEE
DE SCTP; RTEMS; Porting; Networking Stack
AB The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is an IETF-standard transport layer protocol in the IP protocol suite. SCTP is very attractive for data communication over satellite networks due to its unique features such as multihoming and multistreaming that are not present in TCP SIGMA, an SCTP-based mobility management scheme, has been developed for space networks. RTEMS, an open source Real Time Operating System (RTOS), is used by the computers onboard several spacecraft. The network stack of RTEMS does not include SCTP The objective of this paper is to describe the issues and challenges in implementing SCTP on the RTEMS operating system. The lessons learned will be helpful to implement SCTP in other operating systems.
C1 [Rahman, Sazzadur; Atiquzzaman, Mohammed] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Ivancic, William; Eddy, Wesley; Stewart, Dave] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Rahman, S (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
EM sazzad@ou.edu; atiq@ou.edu; wivancic@grc.nasa.gov; weddy@grc.nasa.gov;
dstewart@grc.nasa.gov
FU NASA [NNX06AE44G]
FX The research reported in this paper was funded by NASA Grant NNX06AE44G
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7578
BN 978-1-4244-2676-8
J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C
PY 2008
BP 2516
EP +
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications
GA BJK58
UT WOS:000266709301102
ER
PT S
AU Shahriar, AZM
Atiquzzaman, M
Ivancic, W
AF Shahriar, Abu Zafar M.
Atiquzzaman, Mohammed
Ivancic, William
GP IEEE
TI PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF NEMO IN SATELLITE NETWORKS
SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7
SE IEEE Military Communications Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008)
CY NOV 16-19, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP IEEE
AB NEtwork MObility (NEMO) protocols can be used to manage aggregate mobility of multiple IP-enabled devices on-board a Low Earth Orbit satellite (a mobile network on-board). NEMO protocols enjoy several performance advantages, such as reduced signaling, increased manageability and conservation of satellite link bandwidth as compared to host mobility protocols for individual devices. In addition, NEMO protocols can provide continuous connectivity at upper layers using nested NEMO (a mobile network attached to another) during unavailability of ground stations where as connection would terminate if host mobility protocols were used. Therefore, NEMO protocols needs to be evaluated in space. We propose an architecture for NEMO in space, where the devices are connected together using an on-board Local Area Network. The architecture includes nesting where a mobile network on-board a satellite can attach to another. We evaluated NEMO protocols for the architecture using a space friendly data transfer protocol called Saratoga because widely used protocols like TCP is not space friendly. Simulation based performance evaluation shows continuity of connections at upper layers and performance superiority of Saratoga to TCP for NEMO in space.
C1 [Shahriar, Abu Zafar M.; Atiquzzaman, Mohammed] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Ivancic, William] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Satellite Networks & Architectures Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Shahriar, AZM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
EM shahriar@ou.edu; atiq@ou.edu; wivancic@grc.nasa.gov
FU NASA [NNX06AE44G]
FX The research reported in this paper was funded by NASA Grant NNX06AE44G.
NR 12
TC 0
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U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7578
BN 978-1-4244-2676-8
J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C
PY 2008
BP 2523
EP +
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications
GA BJK58
UT WOS:000266709301103
ER
PT S
AU Simons, RN
Wilson, JD
Force, DA
AF Simons, Rainee N.
Wilson, Jeffrey D.
Force, Dale A.
GP IEEE
TI High Power and Efficiency Space Traveling-Wave Tube Amplifiers with
Reduced Size and Mass for NASA Missions
SO 2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, Vols 1-4
SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest
CY JUN 15-20, 2008
CL Atlanta, GA
SP IEEE
DE Amplifiers; Traveling wave tubes; Space technology; Microwave power
amplifiers; Power conditioning; Satellite communication; Millimeter wave
power amplifiers; Millimeter wave tubes
AB Recent advances in high power and efficiency space traveting-wave tube amplifiers (TWTAs) for NASA's space-to-Earth communications are presented in this paper. The RF power and efficiency of a new K-Band amplifier is 40 Watts and 50% and that of a new Ka-Band amplifier is 200 Watts and 60%. An important figure-of-merit, which is defined as the ratio of the RF power output to the mass (W/kg) of a TWT has improved by a factor of ten over the previous generation Ka-Band devices.
C1 [Simons, Rainee N.; Wilson, Jeffrey D.; Force, Dale A.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Simons, RN (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-645X
BN 978-1-4244-1780-3
J9 IEEE MTT-S
PY 2008
BP 318
EP 321
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA BIT08
UT WOS:000262480000080
ER
PT S
AU Radisic, V
Samoska, L
Deal, WR
Mei, XB
Yoshida, W
Liu, PH
Uyeda, J
Fung, A
Gaier, T
Lai, R
AF Radisic, Vesna
Samoska, Lorene
Deal, W. R.
Mei, X. B.
Yoshida, Wayne
Liu, P. H.
Uyeda, Jansen
Fung, Andy
Gaier, Todd
Lai, Richard
GP IEEE
TI A 330-GHz MMIC Oscillator Module
SO 2008 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-4
SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest
CY JUN 15-20, 2008
CL Atlanta, GA
SP IEEE
DE MMIC; Millimeter Wave; HEMT; Coplanar Waveguide; Oscillator; Module
ID TECHNOLOGY
AB In this paper, a 0.27 mW fundamental oscillator module operating at 330 GHz is presented. The MMIC in the module contains both the oscillator circuit and waveguide probes integrated on the same InP substrate. The oscillator is implemented in coplanar waveguide (CPW) technology and uses advanced high f(MAX) 35 nm InP HEMT transistor in a common gate configuration. The integrated radial E-plane probe has been designed to operate over a frequency range of 300-350 GHz, using WR2.2 for the input and output waveguide. A free-running frequency of 330.5 GHz; has been measured by down-converting the signal to an IF frequency observable on a spectrum analyzer. This is the first oscillator module above 300 GHz and demonstrates that fundamental signal generation at sub-millimeter wave frequencies can be simply and reliably generated.
C1 [Radisic, Vesna; Deal, W. R.; Mei, X. B.; Yoshida, Wayne; Liu, P. H.; Uyeda, Jansen; Lai, Richard] Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
[Samoska, Lorene; Fung, Andy; Gaier, Todd] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Radisic, V (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
FU DARPA SWIFT Program; Army Research Laboratory under the ARL
[W9IIQX-06-C-0050]; Aaron Oki (NGC); Reynold Kagiwada (NGC); National
Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX This work was supported by the DARPA SWIFT Program and Army Research
Laboratory under the ARL Contract no. W9IIQX-06-C-0050 and the authors
would like to thank Dr. Mark Rosker (DARPA) and Dr. Alfred Hung (ARL).
The authors would like to thank members of the Northrop Grumman
Corporation (NGC) for MMIC layout support by Jeff Coakley and Stella
Makishi, MBE material growth led by Patrick Chin and Mike Lange, MMIC
wafer fabrication by Jane Lee, Danny Li, Linh Dang, Jennifer Wang, Keang
Kho, Pat Oliver, John Kane and Tim Naeole, HEMT engineering by
978-1-4244-1780-3/08/$25.00 C 2008 IEEE Young-Min Kim and Dave Farkas,
and project oversight and support by Aaron Oki (NGC) and Reynold
Kagiwada (NGC). This research was carried out in part at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-645X
BN 978-1-4244-1780-3
J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR
PY 2008
BP 394
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA BIT08
UT WOS:000262480000099
ER
PT S
AU Deal, WR
Mei, XB
Radisic, V
Bayuk, B
Fung, A
Yoshida, W
Liu, PH
Uyeda, J
Samoska, L
Gaier, T
Lai, R
AF Deal, W. R.
Mei, X. B.
Radisic, V.
Bayuk, B.
Fung, A.
Yoshida, W.
Liu, P. H.
Uyeda, J.
Samoska, L.
Gaier, T.
Lai, R.
GP IEEE
TI A Balanced Sub-Millimeter Wave Power Amplifier
SO 2008 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-4
SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest
CY JUN 15-20, 2008
CL Atlanta, GA
SP IEEE
DE MMIC; Millimeter Wave; HEMT; Coplanar Waveguide; Power Amplifier
ID BAND; GHZ
AB In this paper, a new balanced sub-millimeter wave power amplifiers is presented. The amplifier uses CPW-grounded MIM capacitors to form low-loss, lumped element matching networks and uses a branchline coupler to achieve requisite quadrature phase shifts. The balanced amplifier achieves 12-dB small signal gain and 6.1-mW output power (not saturated) at a center frequency of 270-GHz. The high gain allows the amplifier to reach a moderate Power Added Efficiency (PAE) of 5.25% at the highest drive power. The results in this paper are the highest reported output powers achieved from a solid state amplifier at these frequencies, and were achieved with a high f(MAX) InP HEMT process.
C1 [Deal, W. R.; Mei, X. B.; Radisic, V.; Bayuk, B.; Yoshida, W.; Liu, P. H.; Uyeda, J.; Lai, R.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
[Fung, A.; Samoska, L.; Gaier, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Deal, WR (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
FU DARPA SWIFT Program; Army Research Laboratory under ARL
[W911QX-06-C-0050]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of
Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX This work was supported by the DARPA SWIFT Program and Army Research
Laboratory under the ARL Contract no. W911QX-06-C-0050 and the authors
would like to thank Dr. Mark Rosker (DARPA) and Dr. Alfred Hung (ARL).
The authors would like to thank members of the Northrop Grumman
laboratories from MMIC layout support with Jeff Coakley and Bichson
Nguyen, MBE material growth lead by Patrick Chin and Mike Lange, MMIC
wafer fabrication with Young-Min Kim, Dave Farkas, Jane Lee, Danny Li,
Linh Dang, Jennifer Wang, Keang Kho, Pat Oliver, John Kane and Tim
Naeole. The authors would also like to thank Aaron Oki, Reynold Kagiwada
and Cheng-Chih Yang for their support. This research was carried out in
part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-645X
BN 978-1-4244-1780-3
J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR
PY 2008
BP 398
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA BIT08
UT WOS:000262480000100
ER
PT S
AU Kangaslahti, P
Pukala, D
Gaier, T
Deal, W
Mei, XB
Lai, R
AF Kangaslahti, Pekka
Pukala, David
Gaier, Todd
Deal, William
Mei, Xiaobing
Lai, Richard
GP IEEE
TI Low Noise Amplifier for 180 GHz Frequency Band
SO 2008 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-4
SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest
CY JUN 15-20, 2008
CL Atlanta, GA
SP IEEE
DE high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs); indium phosphide; millimeter
wave field-effect transistor (FET) amplifiers; monolithic millimeter
wave integ low noise amplifier; MMIC
ID MMIC AMPLIFIER
AB Measurement of the humidity profile of the atmosphere is highly important for atmospheric science and weather forecasting. This sounding measurement is obtained at frequencies close to the resonance frequency of water molecules (183 GHz). We have designed and characterized a MMIC low noise amplifier that will increase the sensitivity of sounding instruments at these frequencies. This study demonstrated a factor of two improvement in MMIC LNA noise temperature at this frequency band. The measured packaged InP monolithic millimeter-wave integrated circuit (MMIC) amplifier had a noise temperature of NT=390 K (NF=3.7 dB). The circuit was fabricated in 35 nm InP high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) process.
C1 [Kangaslahti, Pekka; Pukala, David; Gaier, Todd] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Deal, William; Mei, Xiaobing; Lai, Richard] Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
RP Kangaslahti, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
FU NASA ESTO Advanced Component Technologies ACT-05 program; DARPA SWIFT
Program; Army Research Laboratory under the DARPA MIPR [06-U037]; ARL
[W911QX-06-C-0050]; DARPA, ARL; National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
FX This work was supported by the by the NASA ESTO Advanced Component
Technologies ACT-05 program and DARPA SWIFT Program and Army Research
Laboratory under the DARPA MIPR no.06-U037 and ARL Contract no.
W911QX-06-C-0050. This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and was sponsored by
DARPA, ARL and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-645X
BN 978-1-4244-1780-3
J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR
PY 2008
BP 450
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA BIT08
UT WOS:000262480000113
ER
PT S
AU Nessel, JA
Lee, RQ
Mueller, CH
Kozicki, MN
Ren, MH
Morse, J
AF Nessel, James A.
Lee, Richard Q.
Mueller, Carl H.
Kozicki, Michael N.
Ren, Minghan
Morse, Jacki
GP IEEE
TI A Novel Nanoionics-based Switch for Microwave Applications
SO 2008 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-4
SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest
CY JUN 15-20, 2008
CL Atlanta, GA
SP IEEE
DE microwave switches; nanotechnology
AB This paper reports the development and characterization of a novel switching device for use in microwave systems. The device utilizes a switching mechanism based on nanoionics, in which mobile ions within a solid electrolyte undergo an electrochemical process to form and remove a conductive metallic "bridge" to define the change of state. The nanoionics-based switch has demonstrated an insertion loss of similar to 0.5dB, isolation of >30dB, low voltage operation (1V), low power (similar to mu W) and low energy (similar to nJ) consumption, and excellent linearity up to 6 GHz. The switch requires fewer bias operations (due to non-volatile nature) and has a simple planar geometry allowing for novel device structures and easy integration into microwave power distribution circuits.
C1 [Nessel, James A.; Lee, Richard Q.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Mueller, Carl H.] Analex Corp, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Kozicki, Michael N.; Ren, Minghan; Morse, Jacki] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
RP Nessel, JA (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
FU NASA Glenn Research Center Independent Research and Development Fund
FX The authors wish to acknowledge the NASA Glenn Research Center
Independent Research and Development Fund for support of this project.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-645X
BN 978-1-4244-1780-3
J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR
PY 2008
BP 1312
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA BIT08
UT WOS:000262480000329
ER
PT S
AU Patterson, R
Hammoud, A
Elbuluk, M
AF Patterson, Richard
Hammoud, Ahmad
Elbuluk, Malik
GP IEEE
TI Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) Devices and Mixed-Signal Circuits for Extreme
Temperature Applications
SO 2008 IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-10
SE IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE RECORDS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 39th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC 08)
CY JUN 15-19, 2008
CL Rhodes Isl, GREECE
SP IEEE
AB Electronic systems in planetary exploration missions and in aerospace applications are expected to encounter extreme temperatures and wide thermal swings in their operational environments. Electronics designed for such applications must, therefore, be able to withstand exposure to extreme temperatures and to perform properly for the duration of the missions.
Electronic parts based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology are known, based on device structure, to provide faster switching, consume less power, and offer better radiation-tolerance compared to their silicon counterparts. They also exhibit reduced current leakage and are often tailored for high temperature operation. However, little is known about their performance at low temperature. The performance of several SOI devices and mixed-signal circuits was determined under extreme temperatures, cold-restart, and thermal cycling. The investigations were carried out to establish a baseline on the functionality and to determine suitability of these devices for use in space exploration missions under extreme temperatures. The experimental results obtained on selected SOI devices are presented and discussed in this paper.
C1 [Patterson, Richard] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
[Hammoud, Ahmad] ASRC Aerosp Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
[Elbuluk, Malik] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
RP Patterson, R (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
EM Richard.L.Patterson@nasa.gov; ahmad.hammoud@grc.nasa.gov;
melbuluk@uakron.edu
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0275-9306
BN 978-1-4244-1667-7
J9 IEEE POWER ELECTRON
PY 2008
BP 3165
EP +
DI 10.1109/PESC.2008.4592440
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BIK43
UT WOS:000260398502041
ER
PT B
AU Kirkham, H
AF Kirkham, Harold
GP IEEE
TI A Guide to Reviewing Technical Graphics
SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11
SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society
CY JUL 20-24, 2008
CL Pittsburgh, PA
SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc
DE peer review; graphics
ID MEASLES; VACCINE; AUTISM; MUMPS
AB The text and the graphics in a paper can each he judged for two quality considerations: message and presentation. Although we are usually most concerned with the text, it is part of the job of the reviewer to consider the graphical aspects of technical papers. The content and usefulness of the graphs, as well as the appropriateness and clarity of the graphs, must be evaluated.
This paper offers advice on reviewing graphics. Examples of good and bad graphics, (many from power engineering), are analyzed, and their good and bad points are discussed. Two examples showing how an incorrect graph choice led an author to draw the wrong conclusion are studied.
Important considerations for the reviewer are summarized.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Kirkham, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM harold.kirkham@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1905-0
J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE
PY 2008
BP 5251
EP 5257
PG 7
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA BJB22
UT WOS:000264403803117
ER
PT S
AU Muellerschoen, R
Lou, YL
Chien, S
Saatchi, S
AF Muellerschoen, Ron
Lou, Yunling
Chien, Steve
Saatchi, Sassan
GP IEEE
TI Real-Time Autonomous Disturbance Detection and Monitoring System with
L-Band UAVSAR
SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4
SE IEEE Radar Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference
CY MAY 26-30, 2008
CL Rome, ITALY
SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon
DE SAR; Sensor Web
AB We developed an autonomous disturbance detection and monitoring system with imaging radar that combines the unique capabilities of imaging radar with high throughput onboard processing technology and onboard automated response capability based on specific science algorithms. This smart sensor development leverages off recently developed technologies in real-time onboard synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processor and onboard automated response software as well as science algorithms previously developed for radar remote sensing applications. In this project, we use a high rate data interface to ingest NASA's UAVSAR data and compute SAR imagery in real-time complete with motion compensation and antenna beam steering capabilities. NASA's UAVSAR is a compact, L-band 80 MHz bandwidth, fully polarimetric radar. It is designed for repeat-pass InSAR and has had engineering flights in 2007 and successful science data collections in 2008. The fidelity of the onboard SAR processor is tuned by implementing polarimetric calibration capabilities. Science algorithms are implemented for detecting and monitoring fire disturbances over the US forests. We additionally developed artificial intelligence for decision-making, and adapted existing onboard activity re-planning and execution software to interface with the UAVSAR radar controller. The product of this development is a prototype dosed loop smart sensor.
C1 [Muellerschoen, Ron; Lou, Yunling; Chien, Steve; Saatchi, Sassan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Muellerschoen, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 300-325, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM rjm@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1097-5764
BN 978-1-4244-1538-0
J9 IEEE RAD CONF
PY 2008
BP 86
EP 90
PG 5
WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
GA BJC08
UT WOS:000264663000016
ER
PT S
AU Nghiem, SV
Clemete-Colon, P
AF Nghiem, Son V.
Clemete-Colon, Pablo
GP IEEE
TI Arctic sea ice mapping with satellite radars
SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4
SE IEEE Radar Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference
CY MAY 26-30, 2008
CL Rome, ITALY
SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon
DE Synthetic aperture radar; scatterometer; sea ice
ID POLARIMETRIC SIGNATURES
AB Drastic reduction of Arctic sea ice in recent years demands ice monitoring over various spatial and temporal scales. Sea ice backscatter signatures from field measurements and from model analyses are obtained at L-band and C-band frequencies. Based on these signatures, capabilities for Arctic sea ice mapping are determined for current and future satellite active microwave sensors including synthetic aperture radars (SAR) and scatterometers. This study includes L band and C-band radars such as the ERS (European Remote Sensing), Envisat (Environmental Satellite), RADARSAT-1 and 2, ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite), and DESDynI (Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and Dynamics of Ice) SARs with resolutions from 10 to 100 in, and the SMAP (Soil Moisture Active-Passive) scatterometer with resolutions from 1 to 10 km.
C1 [Nghiem, Son V.; Clemete-Colon, Pablo] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 300-235, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Nghiem, SV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 300-235, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Son.V.Nghiem@jpl.nasa.gov; Pablo.Clemente-Colon@natice.noaa.gov
FU NationalSpace and Aeronautics Administration (NASA); National Oceanic
and Atmospheric through an agreement with NASA
FX The research carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,California
Institute of Technology,was supported by the NationalSpace and
Aeronautics Administration (NASA) and by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration through an agreement with NASA.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1097-5764
BN 978-1-4244-1538-0
J9 IEEE RAD CONF
PY 2008
BP 172
EP +
PG 2
WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
GA BJC08
UT WOS:000264663000032
ER
PT S
AU Rosen, PA
Hensley, S
Le, C
AF Rosen, Paul A.
Hensley, Scott
Le, Charles
GP IEEE
TI OBSERVATIONS AND MITIGATION OF RFI IN ALOS PALSAR SAR DATA: IMPLICATIONS
FOR THE DESDYNI MISSION
SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4
SE IEEE Radar Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference
CY MAY 26-30, 2008
CL Rome, ITALY
SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon
DE SAR; InSAR; RFI
AB Initial examination of ALOS PALSAR synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data has indicated significant radio frequency interference (RFI) in several geographic locations around the world. RFI causes significant reduction in image contrast, introduces periodic and quasi-periodic image artifacts, and introduces significant phase noise in repeal-pass interferometric data reduction. The US National Research Council Decadal Survey of Earth Science has recommended DESDynI, a Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and Dynamics of Ice satellite mission comprising an L-band polarimetric radar configured for repeal-pass interferometry. There is considerable interest internationally in other future L-hand and lower frequency systems, as well. Therefore, the issues of prevalence and possibilities of mitigation of RFI in these crowded frequency hands are of considerable interest. RFI is observed in ALOS PALSAR in California and Hawaii, USA, and in southern Egypt in data examined to dale. Application of several techniques for removing it from the data prior to SAR image formation, ranging from straightforward spectral normalization to time-domain, multi-phase filtering techniques, are considered. Considerable experience has been gained from; the removal of RFI from P-band acquired by the GeoSAR system. These techniques applied to the PALSAR data are most successful when the bandwidth of any particular spectral component of the RFI is narrow. Performance impacts for SAR imagery and interferograms are considered in the context of DESDynI measurement requirements.
C1 [Rosen, Paul A.; Hensley, Scott; Le, Charles] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Rosen, PA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Paul.A.Rosen@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1097-5764
BN 978-1-4244-1538-0
J9 IEEE RAD CONF
PY 2008
BP 227
EP 232
PG 6
WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
GA BJC08
UT WOS:000264663000042
ER
PT S
AU Hensley, S
Wheeler, K
Sadowy, G
Jones, C
Shaffer, S
Zebker, H
Miller, T
Heavey, B
Chuang, E
Chao, R
Vines, K
Nishimoto, K
Prater, J
Carrico, B
Chamberlain, N
Shimada, J
Simard, M
Chapman, B
Muellerschoen, R
Le, C
Michel, T
Hamilton, G
Robison, D
Neumann, G
Meyer, R
Smith, P
Granger, J
Rosen, P
Flower, D
Smith, R
AF Hensley, Scott
Wheeler, Kevin
Sadowy, Greg
Jones, Cathleen
Shaffer, Scott
Zebker, Howard
Miller, Tim
Heavey, Brandon
Chuang, Ernie
Chao, Roger
Vines, Ken
Nishimoto, Kouji
Prater, Jack
Carrico, Bruce
Chamberlain, Neil
Shimada, Joanne
Simard, Marc
Chapman, Bruce
Muellerschoen, Ron
Le, Charles
Michel, Thierry
Hamilton, Gary
Robison, David
Neumann, Greg
Meyer, Robert
Smith, Phil
Granger, Jim
Rosen, Paul
Flower, Dennis
Smith, Robert
GP IEEE
TI THE UAVSAR INSTRUMENT: DESCRIPTION AND FIRST RESULTS
SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4
SE IEEE Radar Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference
CY MAY 26-30, 2008
CL Rome, ITALY
SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon
AB The UAVSAR instrument, employing an L-band actively electronically scanned antenna, had its genesis in the ESTO Instrument Incubator Program and after 3 years of development has begun collecting engineering and science data. System design was motivated by solid Earth applications where repeat pass radar interferometry can be used to measure subtle deformation of the surface, however flexibility and extensibility to support other applications were also major design drivers. In fact a Ka-band single-pass radar interferometer for making high precision topographic maps of ice sheets is being developed based to a large extent on components of the UAVSAR L-band radar By designing the radar to be housed in an external unpressurized pod, it has the potential to be readily ported to many platforms. Initial testing is being carried out with the NASA Gulfstream III aircraft, which has been modified to accommodate the radar pod and has been equipped with precision autopilot capability developed by NASA Dryden Flight Research Center With this the aircraft can fly within a 10 m diameter tube on any specified trajectory necessary for repeat-pass radar interferometric applications. To maintain the required pointing for repeat-pass interferometric applications we have employed an actively scanned antenna steered using INU measurement data. This paper presents a brief overview of the radar instrument and some of the first imagery obtained from the system.
C1 [Hensley, Scott; Wheeler, Kevin; Sadowy, Greg; Jones, Cathleen; Shaffer, Scott; Miller, Tim; Heavey, Brandon; Chuang, Ernie; Chao, Roger; Vines, Ken; Nishimoto, Kouji; Prater, Jack; Carrico, Bruce; Chamberlain, Neil; Shimada, Joanne; Simard, Marc; Chapman, Bruce; Muellerschoen, Ron; Le, Charles; Michel, Thierry; Hamilton, Gary; Robison, David; Neumann, Greg; Meyer, Robert; Smith, Phil; Granger, Jim; Rosen, Paul; Flower, Dennis] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Zebker, Howard] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA.
[Smith, Robert] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Hensley, S (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM scott.hensley@jpl.nasa.gov
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX A number of organizations have been integral to the development of the
UAVSAR system. We would especially like to thank NASA Dryden for their
overall leadership in the aircraft modifications, installation of the
pod and development of the Precision Autopilot capability; Total
Aircraft Services for the pod design and G-III modifications; REMEC
Defense and Space for the development and supplying of the L-band TR
modules; and Artemis for the design and manufacture of the modules in
the RF subsystem. This research was conducted at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1097-5764
BN 978-1-4244-1538-0
J9 IEEE RAD CONF
PY 2008
BP 827
EP +
PG 2
WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
GA BJC08
UT WOS:000264663000152
ER
PT S
AU Hensley, S
Gurrola, E
Rosen, P
Slade, M
Jao, J
Kobrick, M
Wilson, B
Chen, C
Jurgens, R
AF Hensley, Scott
Gurrola, Eric
Rosen, Paul
Slade, Martin
Jao, Joseph
Kobrick, Mike
Wilson, Barbara
Chen, Curtis
Jurgens, Raymond
GP IEEE
TI AN IMPROVED MAP OF THE LUNAR SOUTH POLE WITH EARTH BASED RADAR
INTERFEROMETRY
SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4
SE IEEE Radar Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference
CY MAY 26-30, 2008
CL Rome, ITALY
SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon
ID TOPOGRAPHY
AB NASA's long-term exploration goals include a return to manned missions to the Moon that will culminate in a permanent manned station on the Moon. Prior to embarking on such a mission, a series of precursor unmanned robotic missions are required to ascertain the best locations for manned exploration or a permanent lunar base. These precursor missions will consist of both orbital missions, such as the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and missions for which probes will be landed on the lunar surface. The south polar region of the Moon has attracted much recent attention due to the possibility of significant amounts of frozen water being trapped in permanently shadowed regions in craters in that region. In order to better plan and determine the optimal landing sites for such probes, as much a priori information as possible on the lunar south polar region is desired. Of particular importance from a landing survivability and accessible exploration region perspective is knowledge concerning the lunar topography. This paper will discuss processing of recently acquired radar interferometric data from Earth-based radar namely the NASA Goldstone Solar System Radar into topographic maps.
C1 [Hensley, Scott; Gurrola, Eric; Rosen, Paul; Slade, Martin; Jao, Joseph; Kobrick, Mike; Wilson, Barbara; Chen, Curtis; Jurgens, Raymond] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Hensley, S (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM scott.hensley@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1097-5764
BN 978-1-4244-1538-0
J9 IEEE RAD CONF
PY 2008
BP 845
EP 850
PG 6
WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
GA BJC08
UT WOS:000264663000155
ER
PT S
AU Spencer, M
Kim, Y
Chan, S
AF Spencer, Michael
Kim, Yunjin
Chan, Samuel
GP IEEE
TI THE SOIL MOISTURE ACTIVE/PASSIVE (SMAP) RADAR
SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4
SE IEEE Radar Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference
CY MAY 26-30, 2008
CL Rome, ITALY
SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon
DE Soil Moisture; L-Band
AB The Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) mission is a NASA mission identified by the NRC "decadal survey" to measure both soil moisture and freeze/thaw, state from space. The mission will use both active radar and passive radiometer instruments at L-Band In order to achieve a wide swath at sufficiently high resolution for both active and passive channels, an instrument architecture that uses a large rotating reflector is employed. The active radar will further utilize SAR processing in order to obtain the sub-footprint resolution necessary for the geophysical retrievals. The SMAP radar has a unique geometry where the antenna footprint is continuously rotated about nadir in a conical fashion, as opposed to the more common side-looking SAR design. In support of the design of the SAMP radar a point target simulator has been constructed and used to validate the SAMP radar design parameters.
C1 [Spencer, Michael; Kim, Yunjin; Chan, Samuel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Spencer, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Michael.W.Spencer@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1097-5764
BN 978-1-4244-1538-0
J9 IEEE RAD CONF
PY 2008
BP 931
EP 935
PG 5
WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
GA BJC08
UT WOS:000264663000170
ER
PT S
AU Picardi, G
Cartacci, M
Cicchetti, A
Cutigni, M
Iorio, M
Masdea, A
Seu, R
Plaut, JJ
Johnson, WTK
Jordan, RL
Safaeinili, A
Bombaci, O
Calabrese, D
Zampolini, E
Gurnett, DA
Nielsen, E
AF Picardi, G.
Cartacci, M.
Cicchetti, A.
Cutigni, M.
Iorio, M.
Masdea, A.
Seu, R.
Plaut, J. J.
Johnson, W. T. K.
Jordan, R. L.
Safaeinili, A.
Bombaci, O.
Calabrese, D.
Zampolini, E.
Gurnett, D. A.
Nielsen, E.
GP IEEE
TI Mars ionosphere data inversion by MARSIS Surface and Subsurface Signals
analysis
SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4
SE IEEE Radar Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference
CY MAY 26-30, 2008
CL Rome, ITALY
SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon
AB According to the Mars Express mission, the MARSIS primary scientific objectives are to map the distribution of water, both liquid and solid, in the upper portions of the crust of Mars. Moreover three secondary objectives are defined for the MARSIS experiment: subsurface geologic probing, surface characterization, and ionosphere sounding.
The MARSIS orbital radar sounding suffers for the presence of a significant ionosphere that operates a phase distortion on the subsurface sounding signal: the phase distortion entails a delay, an increase of the side lobes level, a distortion of the waveform shape and a loss of signal to noise ratio. In MARSIS, therefore, an adaptive compensation of these effects, by Contrast Technique, is implemented in order to optimize the subsurface signals detection, which entails the estimation of Ionosphere parameters.
This paper, starting from the data obtained during the normal sounding operation in the Mars north polar region, provides a description of the plasma frequency and extra time delay estimation versus SZA (Solar Zenith Angle) in order to verify the maximum plasma frequency (obtained during the previous missions to Mars), starting from the ionosphere model (gamma and uniform).
C1 [Picardi, G.; Cartacci, M.; Cicchetti, A.; Cutigni, M.; Iorio, M.; Masdea, A.; Seu, R.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Infocom Dept, Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184 Rome, Italy.
[Plaut, J. J.; Johnson, W. T. K.; Jordan, R. L.; Safaeinili, A.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Bombaci, O.; Calabrese, D.; Zampolini, E.] Alcatel Alenia Space, I-00131 Rome, Italy.
[Gurnett, D. A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Nielsen, E.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany.
RP Picardi, G (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Infocom Dept, Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184 Rome, Italy.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1097-5764
BN 978-1-4244-1538-0
J9 IEEE RAD CONF
PY 2008
BP 1278
EP +
PG 2
WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
GA BJC08
UT WOS:000264663001029
ER
PT S
AU Picardi, G
Biccari, D
Cartacci, M
Cicchetti, A
Giuppi, S
Marini, A
Masdea, A
Noschese, R
Piccari, F
Seu, R
Plaut, JJ
Johnson, WTK
Jordan, RL
Safaeinili, A
Federico, C
Frigeri, A
Melacci, PT
Orosei, R
Bombaci, O
Calabrese, D
Zampolini, E
Edenhofer, P
Plettemeier, D
Marinangeli, L
Pettinelli, E
Hagfors, T
Flamini, E
Vannaroni, G
Nielsen, E
Williams, I
Gurnett, DA
Kirchner, DL
Huff, RL
AF Picardi, G.
Biccari, D.
Cartacci, M.
Cicchetti, A.
Giuppi, S.
Marini, A.
Masdea, A.
Noschese, R.
Piccari, F.
Seu, R.
Plaut, J. J.
Johnson, W. T. K.
Jordan, R. L.
Safaeinili, A.
Federico, C.
Frigeri, A.
Melacci, P. T.
Orosei, R.
Bombaci, O.
Calabrese, D.
Zampolini, E.
Edenhofer, P.
Plettemeier, D.
Marinangeli, L.
Pettinelli, E.
Hagfors, T.
Flamini, E.
Vannaroni, G.
Nielsen, E.
Williams, I.
Gurnett, D. A.
Kirchner, D. L.
Huff, R. L.
GP IEEE
TI MARSIS DATA INVERSION APPROACH:PRELIMINARY RESULTS
SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4
SE IEEE Radar Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference
CY MAY 26-30, 2008
CL Rome, ITALY
SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon
AB An approach to the inversion of the data available from the MARSIS (Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding) instrument on Mars Express is described. The data inversion gives an estimation of the materials composing the different detected interfaces, including the impurity (inclusion) of the first layer, if any, and its percentage, by the evaluation of the values of the permittivity that would generate the observed radio echoes.
The data inversion method is based on the analysis of the surface to subsurface power ratio and the relative time delay as measured by MARSIS. The constraints, due to the known geological history of the surface, the local temperature and the thermal condition of the observed zones and the results of other instruments on Mars Express and other missions to Mars, have to be considered to improve the validity of the utilized models and the obtained results that are given in parametric way.
C1 [Picardi, G.; Biccari, D.; Cartacci, M.; Cicchetti, A.; Giuppi, S.; Marini, A.; Masdea, A.; Noschese, R.; Piccari, F.; Seu, R.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Infocom Dept, Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184 Rome, Italy.
[Plaut, J. J.; Johnson, W. T. K.; Jordan, R. L.; Safaeinili, A.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Federico, C.; Frigeri, A.] Univ Perugia, Dept Earth Sci, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
[Melacci, P. T.] Univ Perugia, Math & Informat Dept, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
[Orosei, R.] INAF IASF, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Bombaci, O.; Calabrese, D.; Zampolini, E.] Alcatel Alenia Space, I-00131 Rome, Italy.
[Edenhofer, P.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Elect & Informat Techn, Inst HochfrequenztechnArbeitsgruppe Antennen &, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
[Plettemeier, D.] Univ G dAnnunzio, Fak Elekt & Informationstechnik Lehrstuhl & Lab T, I-4265127 Pescara, Italy.
[Marinangeli, L.] Univ G dAnnunzio, Dipartimento Sci, Intl Res Sch Planetary Sci, I-425127 Pescara, Italy.
[Pettinelli, E.] Univ Rome Tre, Dept Phys, I-8400146 Rome, Italy.
[Hagfors, T.] Max Planck Inst Aeron, I-00198 Rome, Italy.
[Flamini, E.] ASI, I-00198 Rome, Italy.
[Vannaroni, G.] INAF IFSI, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Nielsen, E.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany.
[Williams, I.] Queen Mary Univ London, Astron Unit, London, England.
[Gurnett, D. A.; Kirchner, D. L.; Huff, R. L.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
RP Picardi, G (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Infocom Dept, Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184 Rome, Italy.
RI Frigeri, Alessandro/F-2151-2010
OI Frigeri, Alessandro/0000-0002-9140-3977
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1097-5764
BN 978-1-4244-1538-0
J9 IEEE RAD CONF
PY 2008
BP 1283
EP +
PG 2
WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
GA BJC08
UT WOS:000264663001030
ER
PT S
AU Flamini, E
Wall, S
Johnson, WTK
AF Flamini, Enrico
Wall, Stephen
Johnson, William T. K.
CA Cassini Radar Team
GP IEEE
TI Cassini Radar: Expectations and Results After Three Years of Operations
SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4
SE IEEE Radar Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference
CY MAY 26-30, 2008
CL Rome, ITALY
SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon
DE Radar; Titan; Surface
ID TITANS SURFACE; LAKES
AB The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper is one of the twelve instruments on board the Cassini spacecraft. The main goal of the radar is to map the surface of the larger of the Saturnian satellite, Titan, not excluding observation of the other icy satellites. The Cassini RADARr is a multimode instrument capable of providing not only images, when used in the SAR mode, but also the topography of the surface when operating in altimetry mode as well the scattering and radiometric properties. The radar provided the first valuable scientific data during the Jupiter fly-by operating in the radiometer mode, while the first real echo was received from Earth during Cassini's Earth flyby in 1999.
C1 [Flamini, Enrico] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Viale Liegi 26, I-00189 Rome, Italy.
[Wall, Stephen; Johnson, William T. K.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Flamini, E (reprint author), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Viale Liegi 26, I-00189 Rome, Italy.
EM enrico.falmini@asi.it; swall@jpl.nasa.gov; wtkjohnson@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1097-5764
BN 978-1-4244-1538-0
J9 IEEE RAD CONF
PY 2008
BP 1775
EP +
PG 2
WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
GA BJC08
UT WOS:000264663001120
ER
PT S
AU Yueh, S
Cline, D
Elder, K
AF Yueh, Simon
Cline, Donald
Elder, Kelly
GP IEEE
TI Airborne Ku-band Polarimetric Radar Remote Sensing of Terrestrial Snow
Cover
SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4
SE IEEE Radar Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference
CY MAY 26-30, 2008
CL Rome, ITALY
SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon
DE microwave remote sensing; snow water; radar
ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE RESPONSE; 35 GHZ; BACKSCATTERING; PARAMETERS
AB Preliminary analyses of the POLSCAT data acquired from the CLPX-II in winter 2006-2007 are described in this paper. The data showed the response of the Ku-band radar echoes to snowpack changes for various types of background vegetation. We observed about 0.2 to 0.4 dB increases in backscatter for every 1 cm SWE accumulation for sage brush and agricultural fields. The co-polarized W and HH radar responses are similar, while the cross-polarized (VH or HV) echoes showed greater response to the change of SWE. The data also showed the impact of surface hoar growth and freeze/thaw cycles, which created large snow grain sizes and ice lenses, respectively, and consequently increased the radar signals by a few dBs.
C1 [Yueh, Simon] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Cline, Donald] Natl Operat Hydrolog Remote Sensing Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chanhassen 55317, MN USA.
[Elder, Kelly] Rocky Mt Res Stn, U S Dept Agr Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Yueh, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM Simon.yueh@jpl.nasa.gov; Donald.Cline@noaa.gov; Kelder@fs.fed.us
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1097-5764
BN 978-1-4244-1538-0
J9 IEEE RAD CONF
PY 2008
BP 2010
EP +
PG 2
WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
GA BJC08
UT WOS:000264663001162
ER
PT S
AU Im, E
Tanelli, S
Durden, SL
AF Im, Eastwood
Tanelli, Simone
Durden, Stephen L.
GP IEEE
TI CloudSat's Cloud Profiling Radar after 1 year in orbit
SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4
SE IEEE Radar Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference
CY MAY 26-30, 2008
CL Rome, ITALY
SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon
DE cloud; CloudSat; A-Train; radar
ID OCEAN; MODEL
AB The Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR), the primary science instrument of the CloudSat Mission, is a 94-GHz nadir-looking radar that measures the power backscattered by clouds as a function or distance from the radar. This instrument has been acquiring global time series of vertical cloud structure at 500-m vertical resolution and 1.4-km horizontal resolution since June 2, 2006. In this paper an overview of the radar performance after the first year in flight is provided.
C1 [Im, Eastwood; Tanelli, Simone; Durden, Stephen L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Im, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM Eastwood.Im@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1097-5764
BN 978-1-4244-1538-0
J9 IEEE RAD CONF
PY 2008
BP 2049
EP 2052
PG 4
WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
GA BJC08
UT WOS:000264663001169
ER
PT S
AU Tanelli, S
Im, E
Durden, SL
Giuli, D
Facheris, L
AF Tanelli, Simone
Im, Eastwood
Durden, Stephen L.
Giuli, Dino
Facheris, Luca
GP IEEE
TI Spaceborne Doppler Radars for atmospheric dynamics and energy budget
studies
SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4
SE IEEE Radar Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference
CY MAY 26-30, 2008
CL Rome, ITALY
SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon
DE Doppler Radar; Clouds and Precipitation
ID CLOUD-PROFILING RADAR; VELOCITY-MEASUREMENTS; RAINFALL; CLASSIFICATION;
PRECIPITATION; STRATIFORM; RESOLUTION; PROPOSAL; MISSION
AB The successful deployments of the first spaceborne precipitation radar (TRMM/PR Ku-band, 1997 [1]) and spaceborne cloud radar (CloudSat/CPR W-band, 2006 [2]) have demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring atmospheric processes from space with vertical resolutions of a few hundred meters. Future missions being implemented (EarthCARE, W-band [3]) or envisaged (ACE, Ka- and W-band [4]) include use of coherent detection to measure the first moment of the Doppler spectrum to observe and analyze the dynamics of atmospheric systems. In this talk we discuss the main challenges and potentials of measuring the Doppler velocity of clouds and precipitation from space.
C1 [Tanelli, Simone; Im, Eastwood; Durden, Stephen L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Giuli, Dino; Facheris, Luca] Univ Studi Firenze, I-50135 Florence, Italy.
RP Tanelli, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM simone.tanelli@jpl.nasa.gov
FU NASA; ESSP
FX This work was supported by the NASA New Investigator Program in Earth
Science and by Earth Science Pathfinder Program (ESSP)
NR 26
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1097-5764
BN 978-1-4244-1538-0
J9 IEEE RAD CONF
PY 2008
BP 2053
EP +
PG 3
WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
GA BJC08
UT WOS:000264663001170
ER
PT S
AU Scardelletti, MC
Ponchak, GE
Merrite, S
Minor, JS
Zorman, CA
AF Scardelletti, Maximilian C.
Ponchak, George E.
Merrite, Shane
Minor, John S.
Zorman, Christian A.
GP IEEE
TI Electrically small folded slot antenna utilizing capacitive loaded slot
lines
SO 2008 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2
SE IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium
CY JAN 22-24, 2008
CL Orlando, FL
SP IEEE
DE miniature antenna; capacitive loading; coplanar waveguide; folded slot
antenna
AB This paper presents an electrically small, coplanar waveguide fed, folded slot antenna that uses capacitive loading. Several antennas are fabricated with and without capacitive loading to demonstrate the ability of this design approach to reduce the resonant frequency of the antenna, which is analogous to reducing the antenna size. The antennas are fabricated on Cu-clad Rogers Duriod (TM) 6006 with multilayer chip capacitors to load the antennas. Simulated and measured results show close agreement, thus, validating the approach. The electrically small antennas have a measured return loss greater than 15 dB and a gain of 5.4, 5.6, and 2.7 dBi at 4.3,3.95, and 3.65 GHz, respectively.
C1 [Scardelletti, Maximilian C.; Ponchak, George E.; Minor, John S.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Merrite, Shane] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Zorman, Christian A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Scardelletti, MC (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
OI Zorman, Christian/0000-0001-9773-9351
FU NASA as part of the Aeronautics IVHM; Brush High School, Lyndhurst;
Associate Professor at Case Western Reserve University
FX This work was funded by NASA as part of the Aeronautics IVHM high
temperature wireless sensors program. We would like to thank Elizabeth
McQuaid for fabrication expertise. We thank LERCIP High School
Internship program and Undergraduate Student Research Program (USRP) for
providing stipend support for Mr.Minor, a senior at Brush High School,
Lyndhurst, OH and Mr. Shane Merrit from the University of Iowa. We also
thank the NASA Glenn Faculty Fellowship Program for supporting Dr.
Zorman an Associate Professor at Case Western Reserve University.
NR 5
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2164-2958
BN 978-1-4244-1462-8
J9 IEEE RADIO WIRELESS
PY 2008
BP 731
EP +
DI 10.1109/RWS.2008.4463596
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA BHU48
UT WOS:000256458600184
ER
PT S
AU Angermann, M
Truszkowski, W
AF Angermann, Michael
Truszkowski, Walt
GP IEEE
TI Communication and localization networks in swarm-intelligent systems
SO 2008 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2
SE IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium
CY JAN 22-24, 2008
CL Orlando, FL
SP IEEE
DE swarm intelligence; sensor networks; position determination;
communications
AB This paper discusses the role of communication and localization as enabling technologies of swarm-intelligent systems. In this work swarm-intelligence is understood as an evolving capability of decentralized, self-organized systems whose elements are collectively able to coordinate and synchronize their actions towards fulfilling a common goal. In order to share their observations of the environment, processing results or internal states, a swarm's elements form a dynamic communication network. Additionally, the swarm elements form a second network, consisting of measurements for determining their relative positions. The paper discusses the fundamental differences between these two networks and illustrates the applicability of the swarm-intelligence perspective in several application fields.
C1 [Angermann, Michael] German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Commun & Navigat, POB 1116, D-82230 Wessling, Germany.
[Truszkowski, Walt] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Angermann, M (reprint author), German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Commun & Navigat, POB 1116, D-82230 Wessling, Germany.
EM michael.angermann@dlr.de; Walt.Truszkowski@gsfc.nasa.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2164-2958
BN 978-1-4244-1462-8
J9 IEEE RADIO WIRELESS
PY 2008
BP 767
EP +
DI 10.1109/RWS.2008.4463605
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA BHU48
UT WOS:000256458600193
ER
PT S
AU Stephanou, PJ
Black, JP
Benjamin, AL
AF Stephanou, Philip J.
Black, Justin P.
Benjamin, Andrew L.
GP IEEE
TI Miniaturized multi-band filter banks for extravehicular radio (EVA)
applications
SO 2008 IEEE RADIO FREQUENCY INTEGRATED CIRCUITS SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2
SE IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC)
CY JUN 15-17, 2008
CL Atlanta, GA
DE RF MEMS; contour mode; AlN; bandpass filter; piezoelectric; resonator
AB NASA seeks to employ micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) S-band filters to reduce the size, weight, and power of its reconfigurable, fault-tolerant, next-generation Extravehicular Activity (EVA) radio. Of particular interest to NASA are banks of channel-select filters from 2.4 - 2.483 GHz. We describe a novel double-layer contour-mode piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN) resonator topology that is amenable for use in GHz filter banks. Measured results of a 1.7 GHz resonator are presented, showing a motional resistance of 60 Omega and an electromechanical coupling coefficient of 0.9%. Excellent agreement with a lumped parameter model of the device is observed. Ongoing simulation and design efforts of 2.4 GHz filters employing the novel AlN resonator topology are also reviewed.
C1 [Stephanou, Philip J.; Black, Justin P.] Harmon Devices Inc, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA.
[Benjamin, Andrew L.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77573 USA.
RP Stephanou, PJ (reprint author), Harmon Devices Inc, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA.
FU NASA [I SBIR NNJ07JB04C]; Gianluca Piazza at the University of
Pennsylvania; UC Berkeley Microfabrication Laboratory
FX This work was supported by NASA Phase I SBIR NNJ07JB04C. The authors
offer special thanks to Professor Gianluca Piazza at the University of
Pennsylvania, and the UC Berkeley Microfabrication Laboratory staff for
their support.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1529-2517
BN 978-1-4244-1808-4
J9 IEEE RAD FREQ INTEGR
PY 2008
BP 151
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA BID75
UT WOS:000258748700038
ER
PT B
AU Howard, A
AF Howard, Andrew
BE Chatila, R
Kelly, A
Merlet, JP
TI Real-Time Stereo Visual Odometry for Autonomous Ground Vehicles
SO 2008 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTS AND INTELLIGENT
SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems
CY SEP 22-26, 2008
CL Nice, FRANCE
SP IEEE, Robot Soc Japan, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Inst Natl Rech Informat & Automat, CNRS, Inst Control, Roibot & Syst
AB This paper describes a visual odometry algorithm for estimating frame-to-frame camera motion from successive stereo image pairs. The algorithm differs from most visual odometry algorithms in two key respects: (1) it makes no prior assumptions about camera motion, and (2) it operates on dense disparity images computed by a separate stereo algorithm. This algorithm has been tested on many platforms, including wheeled and legged vehicles, and has proven to be fast, accurate and robust. For example, after 4000 frames and 400m of travel, position errors are typically less than 1m (0.25% of distance traveled). Processing time is approximately 20ms on a 512x384 image. This paper includes a detailed description of the algorithm and experimental evaluation on a variety of platforms and terrain types.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Howard, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 16
TC 75
Z9 76
U1 1
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-2057-5
PY 2008
BP 3946
EP 3952
DI 10.1109/IROS.2008.4651147
PG 7
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science,
Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical
& Electronic; Robotics
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics
GA BIJ26
UT WOS:000259998202183
ER
PT B
AU Singla, A
Liu, H
Ma, H
Franzl, R
Liu, H
Gurkan, D
Benhaddou, D
Yuan, X
Morris, J
Turowski, M
Figueroa, F
AF Singla, Anshul
Liu, H.
Ma, H.
Franzl, R.
Liu, H.
Gurkan, D.
Benhaddou, D.
Yuan, X.
Morris, J.
Turowski, M.
Figueroa, F.
GP IEEE
TI Design of a test suite for NCAP-to-NCAP communication based on IEEE 1451
SO 2008 IEEE SENSORS APPLICATIONS SYMPOSIUM
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium
CY FEB 12-14, 2008
CL Atlanta, GA
SP IEEE
AB IEEE 1451 is an emerging standard that facilitates the communication between smart sensors with network communications for an interoperable sensor network. Moreover, it provides plug-and-play capability through standardization of the transducer interfaces. This paper is on the creation of a test suite that specifies tests such as conformance and functionality. Test cases have been developed to check the communication between the tester NCAP and the NCAP under test, based on IEEE 1451.
C1 [Singla, Anshul; Liu, H.; Ma, H.; Franzl, R.; Liu, H.; Gurkan, D.; Benhaddou, D.; Yuan, X.] Univ Houston, Engn Technol Dept, 394 Technol Bldg T2, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
[Morris, J.; Turowski, M.; Figueroa, F.] NASA, Stennis Space Ctr, Integrated Syst Hlth Management, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
RP Singla, A (reprint author), Univ Houston, Engn Technol Dept, 394 Technol Bldg T2, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
EM asingla2@uh.edu; Fernando.Figueroa@nasa.gov
FU CAN [NNA06AB90A]
FX This project has been funded through a CAN agreement between NASA-SSC
and University of Houston. CAN no: NNA06AB90A.
NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1962-3
PY 2008
BP 204
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BHU06
UT WOS:000256382600041
ER
PT B
AU Franzl, R
Morris, JA
Gurkan, D
AF Franzl, Richard
Morris, Jonathan A.
Gurkan, Deniz
GP IEEE
TI Implementation of IEEE 1451.1 conformance/functionality testing using
LabView
SO 2008 IEEE SENSORS APPLICATIONS SYMPOSIUM
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium
CY FEB 12-14, 2008
CL Atlanta, GA
SP IEEE
AB Sensor networks have been deployed for many applications. The ability for the sensors or actuators to have Transducer Data Sheets will allow the "plug-and-play" of 1451-compatible sensors and actuators for different control networks. Implementation of an intelligent sensor network testbed is in progress to perform research and investigation of smart sensors, and the investigation and verification of interfacing options from smart sensors with the sensor networking bus. There has been some development and integration of IEEE 1451.1 Communication, [3], [4]; however, after research of products available that are IEEE 1451 capable, only products relating specifically to IEEE 1451.2 were available in development and starter kits. No products were available that depicted the IEEE 1451.1 standard for communication between the smart sensor nodes of a network. Therefore, a 1451.1 compatible NCAP has been developed and integrated into a testbed. This paper will present the development of the IEEE 1451.1 NCAP-NCAP communication using the LabView 8.2 Programming Language. Furthermore, testing of message conformance and functionality of the 1451 communication on the network has been accomplished.
C1 [Franzl, Richard; Gurkan, Deniz] Univ Houston, Engn Technol Dept, 230D Technol Bldg, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
[Morris, Jonathan A.] NASA, Stennis Space Ctr, Integrated Syst Hlth Management, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA.
RP Franzl, R (reprint author), Univ Houston, Engn Technol Dept, 230D Technol Bldg, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
EM rfranzl@uh.edu; jonathan.a.morris@nasa.gov; dgurkan@uh.edu
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1962-3
PY 2008
BP 209
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BHU06
UT WOS:000256382600042
ER
PT B
AU Wang, R
Morris, J
Figueroa, F
Turowski, M
AF Wang, Ray
Morris, Jon
Figueroa, Femando
Turowski, Mark
GP IEEE
TI Wireless intelligent sensors supporting integrated systems health
management architecture
SO 2008 IEEE SENSORS APPLICATIONS SYMPOSIUM
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium
CY FEB 12-14, 2008
CL Atlanta, GA
SP IEEE
DE smart sensor; wireless sensor transceiver; intelligent processor;
intelligent component; ISHM; TEDS
AB We demonstrated an actual implementation of smart sensor technology based on IEEE 1451.1 and 1451.4 standards. The device is embedded with a MCU, FLASH memory, SRAM, eight analog-to-digital channels, and a 2.4 GHz wireless module. The implementation successfully demonstrated the sensor's plug-and-play capability through the use of a Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS). First, the TEDS is resided in the embedded FLASH memory within the intelligent sensor transceiver. Second, a Virtual TEDS is located in an intelligent processor to extend the benefits of the standardized TEDS to legacy sensors and applications where the embedded memory is not available. A HTML-based TEDS editor, which is located in the intelligent processor, allows users to create a new TEDS or modify an existing one remotely over TCP/IP network. The edited TEDS can be downloaded from the intelligent processor to the intelligent sensor wirelessly. The virtual TEDS could also be downloadable from Internet-connected TEDS servers to the intelligent processor if it is required. TEDS associated sensor measurement is either transmitted to a station that uses the sensor directly over the intelligent processor or stored in the server located in the intelligent processor for other applications. The wireless intelligent sensor will be used as an element of an ISHM implementation at NASA Stennis Space Center, as it will communicate with a station that includes an ISHM model of a system developed using the software environment G2.
C1 [Wang, Ray] Mobitrum Corp, 8070 Georgia Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Morris, Jon; Figueroa, Femando; Turowski, Mark] NASA, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
RP Wang, R (reprint author), Mobitrum Corp, 8070 Georgia Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM ray_wang@mobitrum.com; Jon.Morris@nasa.gov;
Fernando.Figueroa-1@nasa.gov; Mark.Turowski@nasa.gov
FU NASA/John C. Stennis Space Center [NNS06AB60A]
FX This work was supported in part by the NASA/John C. Stennis Space Center
under Grant and Cooperative Agreement No. NNS06AB60A.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1962-3
PY 2008
BP 215
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BHU06
UT WOS:000256382600043
ER
PT S
AU Sherrit, S
AF Sherrit, Stewart
GP IEEE
TI The Physical Acoustics of Energy Harvesting
SO 2008 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 AND APPENDIX
SE Ultrasonics Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium
CY NOV 02-05, 2008
CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE
DE Piezoelectric Transduction; Energy Harvesting; Energy Scavenging; Active
Damping; Autonomous sensing
ID PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS; VIBRATIONS; CONVERSION; ACTUATORS; CERAMICS;
BIMORPHS
AB Energy harvesting systems based on the transformation of acoustic vibrations into electrical energy are increasingly being used for niche applications due to the reduction in power consumption of modern day electronic systems. Typically these applications involve extracting energy at remote or isolated locations where local long term power is unavailable or inside sealed or rotating systems where cabling and electrical commutation are problematic. The available acoustic power spectra can be in the form of longitudinal, transverse, bending, hydrostatic or shear waves of frequencies ranging from less than a Hz to 10's of kHz. The input stress/vibration power can be generated by machines, humans or nature. We will present a variety of acoustic energy harvesting modes/devices and look at the commonalities of these devices. The common elements of these systems are: an input mechanical power spectrum, an effective acoustic impedance matching, a conversion of the input mechanical energy into electrical energy using piezoelectric or biased electrostrictive transducers and a matched electrical load. This paper will focus of the physical acoustics of these energy harvesting systems and identify the elements of these devices and look at the current limits of the harvested electrical power from these devices. Recent results on an acoustic electric feed-through device demonstrated acoustic 3 power conversions of the order of 70 W/cm(2) and 25 W/cm(3) using a pre-stressed stacked PZT ceramics operating at 16 kHz with an efficiency of 84%. These results suggest the piezoelectric is not the limiting element of these devices and we will show that the main impediment to increased power is the vibration source amplitude, frequency, inertia and the size limitations of the energy harvesting systems or in the case of human powered systems the requirement that the device remains unobtrusive. Although the power densities of these devices may be limited there are plenty of applications that are feasible within the available power densities due to the wonders of CMOS.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Sherrit, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 45
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 6
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1051-0117
BN 978-1-4244-2428-3
J9 ULTRASON
PY 2008
BP 1046
EP 1055
DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2008.0253
PG 10
WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied;
Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
SC Acoustics; Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA BKP07
UT WOS:000268845800253
ER
PT B
AU Abu-Surra, S
Ryan, WE
Divsalar, D
AF Abu-Surra, Shadi
Ryan, William E.
Divsalar, Dariush
GP IEEE
TI Asymptotic Ensemble Enumerators for Protograph-Based Generalized LDPC
Codes: Computational Complexity
SO 2008 INFORMATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS WORKSHOP
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Information Theory and Applications Workshop
CY JAN, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP IEEE
C1 [Abu-Surra, Shadi; Ryan, William E.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Divsalar, Dariush] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Abu-Surra, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM shadia@ece.arizona.edu; ryan@ece.arizona.edu;
Dariush.Divsalar@.jpl.nasa.gov
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-2670-6
PY 2008
BP 85
EP +
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BIM85
UT WOS:000260931800014
ER
PT B
AU Sweatlock, SL
Dolinar, S
Andrews, K
AF Sweatlock, Sarah L.
Dolinar, Sam
Andrews, Kenneth
GP IEEE
TI Buffering Requirements for Variable-Iterations LDPC Decoders
SO 2008 INFORMATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS WORKSHOP
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Information Theory and Applications Workshop
CY JAN, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP IEEE
AB Low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoders, like iterative decoders for other block codes, can be designed to stop after a variable number of iterations, dependent on the difficulty of decoding particular noisy received words, also called frames. The number of iterations the decoder spends on a given frame determines both the probability of successful decoding, and the time expended. But whereas the speed of an LDPC decoder without a buffer is determined by its most difficult frames, the speed of a variable-iterations decoder with sufficient buffering approaches that determined by frames of average difficulty.
It is relatively straightforward to analyze this as a D/G/1 queuing problem combined with empirically measured probability distributions of iteration counts for specific LDPC codes. Our analysis parallels that of other researchers, e.g., [1], [2], [3], and examines the resulting implications on LDPC decoder design choices. We find that a buffer large enough to hold only B = 2 or 3 additional frames is sufficient to achieve near optimal performance. We prove a strong monotonicity condition: not only does a variable-iterations decoder with buffer size B + 1 frames outperform one with buffer size B in terms of average error rate, every single frame is guaranteed to receive at least as many iterations from the decoder with the larger buffer, if needed. Significantly, at low error rates, a variable-iterations decoder with buffer size B can keep pace with an input data rate B + I times faster than a fixed-iterations decoder with the same processing speed.
C1 [Sweatlock, Sarah L.; Dolinar, Sam; Andrews, Kenneth] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Sweatlock, SL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
EM sarah@its.caltech.edu; sam@shannon.jpl.nasa.gov;
andrews@shannon.jpl.nasa.gov
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-2670-6
PY 2008
BP 88
EP 95
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BIM85
UT WOS:000260931800015
ER
PT B
AU Moghaddam, B
Gruber, A
Weiss, Y
Avidan, S
AF Moghaddam, Baback
Gruber, Amit
Weiss, Yair
Avidan, Shai
GP IEEE
TI Sparse Regression as a Sparse Eigenvalue Problem
SO 2008 INFORMATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS WORKSHOP
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Information Theory and Applications Workshop
CY JAN, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP IEEE
AB We extend the l(0)-norm "subspectral" algorithms developed for sparse-LDA [5] and sparse-PCA [6] to more general quadratic costs such as MSE in linear (or kernel) regression. The resulting "Sparse Least Squares" (SLS) problem is also NP-hard, by way of its equivalence to a rank-1 sparse eigenvalue problem. Specifically, for minimizing general quadratic cost functions we use a highly-efficient method for direct eigenvalue computation based on partitioned matrix inverse techniques that leads to x 10(3) speed-ups over standard eigenvalue decomposition. This increased efficiency mitigates the O(n(4)) complexity that limited the previous algorithms' utility for high-dimensional problems. Moreover, the new computation prioritizes the role of the less-myopic backward elimination stage which becomes even more efficient than forward selection. Similarly, branch-and-bound search for Exact Sparse Least Squares (ESLS) also benefits from partitioned matrix techniques. Our Greedy Sparse Least Squares (GSLS) algorithm generalizes Natarajan's algorithm [9] also known as Order-Recursive Matching Pursuit (ORMP). Specifically, the forward pass of GSLS is exactly equivalent to ORMP but is more efficient, and by including the backward pass, which only doubles the computation, we can achieve a lower MSE than ORMP. In experimental comparisons with LARS [3], forward-GSLS is shown to be not only more efficient and accurate but more flexible in terms of choice of regularization.
C1 [Moghaddam, Baback] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Gruber, Amit; Weiss, Yair] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
[Avidan, Shai] Adobe Syst Inc, Newton, MA USA.
RP Moghaddam, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM baback@jpl.nasa.gov; amitg@cs.huji.ac.il; yweiss@cs.huji.ac.il;
avidan@adobe.com
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX This research w as conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ,
California Institute of Technology , under contract with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-2670-6
PY 2008
BP 157
EP +
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BIM85
UT WOS:000260931800026
ER
PT B
AU Moghaddam, B
Gruber, A
Weiss, Y
Avidan, S
AF Moghaddam, Baback
Gruber, Amit
Weiss, Yair
Avidan, Shai
GP IEEE
TI Sparse Regression as a Sparse Eigenvalue Problem
SO 2008 INFORMATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS WORKSHOP
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Information Theory and Applications Workshop
CY JAN, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP IEEE
AB We extend the l(0)-norm "subspectral" algorithms developed for sparse-LDA [5] and sparse-PCA [6] to more general quadratic costs such as MSE in linear (or kernel) regression. The resulting "Sparse Least Squares" (SLS) problem is also NP-hard, by way of its equivalence to a rank-1 sparse eigenvalue problem. Specifically, for minimizing general quadratic cost functions we use a highly-efficient method for direct eigenvalue computation based on partitioned matrix inverse techniques that leads to x 10(3) speed-ups over standard eigenvalue decomposition. This increased efficiency mitigates the O(n(4)) complexity that limited the previous algorithms' utility for high-dimensional problems. Moreover, the new computation prioritizes the role of the less-myopic backward elimination stage which becomes even more efficient than forward selection. Similarly, branch-and-bound search for Exact Sparse Least Squares (ESLS) also benefits from partitioned matrix techniques. Our Greedy Sparse Least Squares (GSLS) algorithm generalizes Natarajan's algorithm [9] also known as Order-Recursive Matching Pursuit (ORMP). Specifically, the forward pass of GSLS is exactly equivalent to ORMP but is more efficient, and by including the backward pass, which only doubles the computation, we can achieve a lower MSE than ORMP. In experimental comparisons with LARS [3], forward-GSLS is shown to be not only more efficient and accurate but more flexible in terms of choice of regularization.
C1 [Moghaddam, Baback] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Gruber, Amit; Weiss, Yair] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
[Avidan, Shai] Adobe Syst Inc, Newton, MA USA.
RP Moghaddam, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM baback@jpl.nasa.gov; amitg@cs.huji.ac.il; yweiss@cs.huji.ac.il;
avidan@adobe.com
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX This research w as conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ,
California Institute of Technology , under contract with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-2670-6
PY 2008
BP 255
EP +
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BIM85
UT WOS:000260931800041
ER
PT B
AU Moision, B
AF Moision, Bruce
GP IEEE
TI A Truncation Depth Rule of Thumb for Convolutional Codes
SO 2008 INFORMATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS WORKSHOP
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Information Theory and Applications Workshop
CY JAN, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP IEEE
AB The commonly used rule of thumb of 5m for the truncation depth of a memory m, convolutional code is accurate only for rate 1/2 codes and should be replaced by two to three times m/(1 - r) for a rate r code.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Moision, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM bmoision@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-2670-6
PY 2008
BP 262
EP 264
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BIM85
UT WOS:000260931800042
ER
PT B
AU Gilbert, T
Jin, J
Berger, J
Henriksen, S
Budinger, J
AF Gilbert, Tricia
Jin, Jenny
Berger, Jason
Henriksen, Stephen
Budinger, James
GP IEEE
TI Future communication study technology investigation conclusions and
recommendations
SO 2008 INTEGRATED COMMUNICATIONS, NAVIGATION AND SURVEILLANCE CONFERENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference
CY MAY 05-07, 2008
CL Bethesda, MD
AB The aim of the work was the investigation of potential communications technologies to support the long-term aeronautical mobile air-ground data link communication requirements considering terrestrial and satellite based infrastructure. This paper presents the assessment of the final five candidate technologies, and also provides an overview of the entire technology assessment process, including final findings and recommendations of the Future Communication Study (FCS) technology investigation and assessment.
C1 [Gilbert, Tricia; Jin, Jenny; Berger, Jason; Henriksen, Stephen] ITT Corp, Herndon, VA USA.
[Budinger, James] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA.
RP Gilbert, T (reprint author), ITT Corp, Herndon, VA USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-2303-3
PY 2008
BP 169
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
GA BIG38
UT WOS:000259299700020
ER
PT B
AU Sherry, L
Medina, M
Feary, M
Otiker, J
AF Sherry, Lance
Medina, Maricel
Feary, Michael
Otiker, John
GP IEEE
TI Automated tool for task analysis of NextGen automation
SO 2008 INTEGRATED COMMUNICATIONS, NAVIGATION AND SURVEILLANCE CONFERENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference
CY MAY 05-07, 2008
CL Bethesda, MD
AB The realization of NextGen capabilities will require rapid deployment of revised airline cockpit procedures and the pre-requisite training and proficiency checks. Traditional approaches for the evaluation of the re-designed procedures and training, such as expert reviews and human-in-the-loop tests, cannot provide comprehensive analysis, cannot be performed until after the procedures and training are developed, and are cost and time prohibitive.
This paper describes the emergence of a new class of tools to automate the evaluation of procedures and training. The tools capture the procedures and tasks to be trained in a formal model that is stored in a data-base. Human performance models are executed to estimate the ease-of-learning, ease-of-use and likelihood of failure of each of the tasks. The procedures and tasks can be defined rapidly, and modified and run repeatedly throughout the development cycle. The underlying models and tools are described in this paper. A case study and the implications of these tools are also discussed.
C1 [Sherry, Lance; Medina, Maricel] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Feary, Michael] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
[Otiker, John] SW Airlines, Dallas, TX USA.
RP Sherry, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
EM lsherry@gmu.edu; mmedinam@gmu.edu; michael.s.feary@nasa.gov;
john.otiker@wnco.corn
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-2303-3
PY 2008
BP 301
EP +
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
GA BIG38
UT WOS:000259299700033
ER
PT B
AU Lansbergen, GP
Rahman, R
Wellard, CJ
Rutten, PE
Caro, J
Woo, I
Colleart, N
Biesemans, S
Klimeck, G
Hollenberg, LCL
Rogge, S
AF Lansbergen, G. P.
Rahman, R.
Wellard, C. J.
Rutten, P. E.
Caro, J.
Woo, I.
Colleart, N.
Biesemans, S.
Klimeck, G.
Hollenberg, L. C. L.
Rogge, S.
GP IEEE
TI Determination of the eigenstates and wavefunctions of a single gated As
donor
SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
CY FEB 25-29, 2008
CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
SP Australian Res Council, Australian Nanotechnol Network
DE Single donor; Resonant tunneling spectrosopy
ID SILICON; STATE
AB Current semiconductor devices have been scaled to such dimensions that we need take atomistic approach to understand their operation for nano-electronics. From a bottoms-up perspective, the smallest functional element within a nano-device would be a single (dopant) atom itself. Control and understanding over the eigenenergies and wavefunctions of a single dopant could prove a key ingredient for device technology beyond-CMOS. Here, we will discuss the eigenlevels of a single As donor in a three terminal configuration. The donor is incorporated in the channel of prototype transistors called FinFETs. The measured eigenlevels are shown to consist of levels associated with the donors Coulomb potential, levels associated with a triangular well at the gate interface and hybridized combinations of the two. The theoretical framework in which we describe this system (NEMO-3D) is based on a tight-binding approximation.
C1 [Lansbergen, G. P.; Rutten, P. E.; Caro, J.; Rogge, S.] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, Lorentzweg 1, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.
[Rahman, R.; Woo, I.; Klimeck, G.] Purdue Univ, Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Wellard, C. J.; Hollenberg, L. C. L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Ctr Quantum Comp Technol, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
[Colleart, N.; Biesemans, S.] IMEC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium.
[Klimeck, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Lansbergen, GP (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, Lorentzweg 1, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.
RI Hollenberg, Lloyd/B-2296-2010; Lansbergen, Gabriel/A-7895-2011; Klimeck,
Gerhard/A-1414-2012; Rogge, Sven/G-3709-2010;
OI Klimeck, Gerhard/0000-0001-7128-773X; Rahman, Rajib/0000-0003-1649-823X
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1503-8
PY 2008
BP 164
EP +
DI 10.1109/ICONN.2008.4639272
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA BIZ02
UT WOS:000263866400043
ER
PT B
AU Saxena, A
Goebel, K
Simon, D
Eklund, N
AF Saxena, Abhinav
Goebel, Kai
Simon, Don
Eklund, Neil
GP IEEE
TI Damage Propagation Modeling for Aircraft Engine Run-to-Failure
Simulation
SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROGNOSTICS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT (PHM)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management
CY OCT 06-09, 2008
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE
DE Damage modeling; Prognostics; C-MAPSS; Turbofan engines; Performance
Evaluation
ID COMPETITION
AB This paper describes how damage propagation can be modeled within the modules of aircraft gas turbine engines. To that end, response surfaces of all sensors are generated via a thermo-dynamical simulation model for the engine as a function of variations of flow and efficiency of the modules of interest. An exponential rate of change for flow and efficiency loss was imposed for each data set, starting at a randomly chosen initial deterioration set point. The rate of change of the flow and efficiency denotes an otherwise unspecified fault with increasingly worsening effect. The rates of change of the faults were constrained to an upper threshold but were otherwise chosen randomly. Damage propagation was allowed to continue until a failure criterion was reached. A health index was defined as the minimum of several superimposed operational margins at any given time instant and the failure criterion is reached when health index reaches zero. Output of the model was the time series (cycles) of sensed measurements typically available from aircraft gas turbine engines. The data generated were used as challenge data for the Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) data competition at PHM'08.
C1 [Saxena, Abhinav] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Comp Sci Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Goebel, Kai] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Simon, Don] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Eklund, Neil] GE Global Res, Niskayuna 12309, NY USA.
RP Saxena, A (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Comp Sci Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM asaxena@mail.arc.nasa.gov
FU u.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
FX This work was supported in part by the u.S. National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA) under the Integrated Vehicle Health
Management (IVHM) program.
NR 20
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1935-7
PY 2008
BP 1
EP +
PG 3
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations
Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BJK74
UT WOS:000266719200001
ER
PT B
AU Patil, N
Das, D
Goebel, K
Pecht, M
AF Patil, Nishad
Das, Diganta
Goebel, Kai
Pecht, Michael
GP IEEE
TI Identification of Failure Precursor Parameters for Insulated Gate
Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs)
SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROGNOSTICS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT (PHM)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management
CY OCT 06-09, 2008
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE
DE Failure precursor parameters; IGBTs; prognostics
AB Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) are used in applications such as the switching of automobile and train traction motors, high voltage power supplies, and in aerospace applications such as switch mode power supplies (SNIPS) to regulate DC voltage. The failure of these switches can reduce the efficiency of the system or lead to system failure. By identifying failure precursor parameters in IGBTs and monitoring them, a prognostics methodology can be developed to predict and avert failures. In this study, IGBTs aged by thermal-electrical stresses were evaluated in comparison with new components to determine the electrical parameters that change with stressing. Three potential precursor parameter candidates, threshold voltage, transconductance, and collector-emitter (ON) voltage, were evaluated by comparing aged and new IGBTs under a temperature range of 25-200 degrees C. The trends in the three electrical parameters with temperature were correlated to device degradation. A methodology is presented for validating these precursor parameters for IGBT prognostics.
C1 [Patil, Nishad; Das, Diganta; Pecht, Michael] Univ Maryland, Ctr Adv Life Cycle Engn CALCE, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Goebel, Kai] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Patil, N (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Adv Life Cycle Engn CALCE, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM pecht@calce.umd.edu
FU CALCE Prognostics and Health Management Consortium at the University of
Maryland, College Park
FX This work is sponsored by the members of the CALCE Prognostics and
Health Management Consortium at the University of Maryland, College
Park. The authors thank Impact Technologies for providing information on
the electrical-thermal aging process and for providing the aged parts
used in this study.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1935-7
PY 2008
BP 25
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations
Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BJK74
UT WOS:000266719200004
ER
PT B
AU Kurtoglu, T
Johnson, SB
Barszcz, E
Johnson, JR
Robinson, PI
AF Kurtoglu, Tolga
Johnson, Stephen B.
Barszcz, Eric
Johnson, Jeremy R.
Robinson, Peter I.
GP IEEE
TI Integrating System Health Management into the Early Design of Aerospace
Systems Using Functional Fault Analysis
SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROGNOSTICS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT (PHM)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management
CY OCT 06-09, 2008
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE
DE Fault Detection Isolation and Response (FDIR); Functional Design;
Systems Health Management; Testability Analysis
AB This paper introduces a systematic design methodology, namely the Functional Fault Analysis (FFA), developed with the goal of integrating SHM into early design of aerospace systems. The basis for the FFA methodology is a high-level, functional model of a system that captures the physical architecture, including the physical connectivity of energy, material, and data flows within the system. The model also contains all sensory information, failure modes associated with each component of the system, the propagation of the effects of these failure modes, and the characteristic timing by which fault effects propagate along the modeled physical paths. Using this integrated model, the designers and system analysts can assess the sensor suite's diagnostic functionality and analyze the "race" between the propagation of fault effects and the fault detection isolation and response (FDIR) mechanisms designed to compensate and respond to them. The Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle has been introduced as a case example to illustrate the use of the Functional Fault Analysis (FFA) methodology during system design.
C1 [Kurtoglu, Tolga] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mission Crit Technol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Johnson, Stephen B.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Barszcz, Eric; Robinson, Peter I.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
[Johnson, Jeremy R.] USRA RIACS NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
RP Kurtoglu, T (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mission Crit Technol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM tolga.kurtoglu@nasa.gov; stephen.b.johnson@nasa.gov;
eric.barszcz@nasa.gov; jeremy.r.johnson@nasa.gov;
peter.i.robinson@nasa.gov
NR 23
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Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1935-7
PY 2008
BP 81
EP +
PG 3
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations
Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BJK74
UT WOS:000266719200012
ER
PT B
AU Orchard, M
Kacprzynski, G
Goebel, K
Saha, B
Vachtsevanos, G
AF Orchard, Marcos
Kacprzynski, Gregory
Goebel, Kai
Saha, Bhaskar
Vachtsevanos, George
GP IEEE
TI Advances in Uncertainty Representation and Management for Particle
Filtering Applied to Prognostics
SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROGNOSTICS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT (PHM)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management
CY OCT 06-09, 2008
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE
DE Failure prognosis; particle filtering; uncertainty representation;
uncertainty management
AB Particle filters (PF) have been established as the de facto state of the art in failure prognosis. They combine advantages of the rigors of Bayesian estimation to nonlinear prediction while also providing uncertainty estimates with a given solution. Within the context of particle filters, this paper introduces several novel methods for uncertainty representations and uncertainty management. The prediction uncertainty is modeled via a rescaled Epanechnikov kernel and is assisted with resampling techniques and regularization algorithms. Uncertainty management is accomplished through parametric adjustments in a feedback correction loop of the state model and its noise distributions. The correction loop provides the mechanism to incorporate information that can improve solution accuracy and reduce uncertainty bounds. In addition, this approach results in reduction in computational burden. The scheme is illustrated with real vibration feature data from a fatigue-driven fault in a critical aircraft component.
C1 [Orchard, Marcos] Univ Chile, Dept Elect Engn, Santiago, Chile.
[Kacprzynski, Gregory] Impact Technol, LLC, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
[Goebel, Kai] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Saha, Bhaskar] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MCT, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Vachtsevanos, George] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Orchard, M (reprint author), Univ Chile, Dept Elect Engn, Santiago, Chile.
EM morchard@ing.uchile.cl; Greg.Kacprzynski@impact-tek.com;
kai.goebel@nasa.gov; bsaha@email.arc.nasa.gov; gjv@ece.gatech.edu
FU USRA/RIACS; Conicyt via Fondecyt [11070022]; NASA Ames
FX The authors would like to acknowledge and thank USRA/RIACS and NASA Ames
for supporting research in the area of prognostic uncertainty management
and for Dr. Orchard's financial support from Conicyt via Fondecyt
#11070022.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1935-7
PY 2008
BP 151
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations
Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BJK74
UT WOS:000266719200020
ER
PT B
AU Saxena, A
Celaya, J
Balaban, E
Goebel, K
Saha, B
Saha, S
Schwabacher, M
AF Saxena, Abhinav
Celaya, Jose
Balaban, Edward
Goebel, Kai
Saha, Bhaskar
Saha, Sankalita
Schwabacher, Mark
GP IEEE
TI Metrics for Evaluating Performance of Prognostic Techniques
SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROGNOSTICS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT (PHM)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management
CY OCT 06-09, 2008
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE
DE Prognostics and Health Management; Performance Metrics
ID ERROR MEASURES; FORECASTING METHODS; ACCURACY; PREDICTION; MODELS
AB Prognostics is an emerging concept in condition based maintenance (CBM) of critical systems. Along with developing the fundamentals of being able to confidently predict Remaining Useful Life (RUL), the technology calls for fielded applications as it inches towards maturation. This requires a stringent performance evaluation so that the significance of the concept can be fully exploited. Currently, prognostics concepts lack standard definitions and suffer from ambiguous and inconsistent interpretations. This lack of standards is in part due to the varied end-user requirements for different applications, time scales, available information, domain dynamics, etc. to name a few issues. Instead, the research community has used a variety of metrics based largely on convenience with respect to their respective requirements. Very little attention has been focused on establishing a common ground to compare different efforts. This paper surveys the metrics that are already used for prognostics in a variety of domains including medicine, nuclear, automotive, aerospace, and electronics. It also considers other domains that involve prediction-related tasks, such as weather and finance. Differences and similarities between these domains and health maintenance have been analyzed to help understand what performance evaluation methods may or may not be borrowed. Further, these metrics have been categorized in several ways that may be useful in deciding upon a suitable subset for a specific application. Some important prognostic concepts have been defined using a notational framework that enables interpretation of different metrics coherently. Last, but not the least, a list of metrics has been suggested to assess critical aspects of RUL predictions before they are fielded in real applications.
C1 [Saxena, Abhinav; Celaya, Jose; Saha, Sankalita] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Comp Sci Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Balaban, Edward; Goebel, Kai; Saha, Bhaskar; Schwabacher, Mark] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Saxena, A (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Comp Sci Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM asaxena@riacs.edu
FU U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under the
Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) program
FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA) under the Integrated Vehicle Health
Management (IVHM) program.
NR 54
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1935-7
PY 2008
BP 174
EP +
PG 3
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations
Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BJK74
UT WOS:000266719200023
ER
PT B
AU Uckun, S
Goebel, K
Lucas, PJF
AF Uckun, Serdar
Goebel, Kai
Lucas, Peter J. F.
GP IEEE
TI Standardizing Research Methods for Prognostics
SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROGNOSTICS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT (PHM)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management
CY OCT 06-09, 2008
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE
DE Prognostics; Prognostics and Health Management; Research Methods;
Performance Metrics
AB Prognostics and health management (PHM) is a maturing system engineering discipline. As with most maturing disciplines, PHM does not yet have a universally accepted research methodology. As a result, most component life estimation efforts are based on ad-hoc experimental methods that lack statistical rigor. In this paper, we provide a critical review of current research methods in PHM and contrast these methods with standard research approaches in a more established discipline (medicine). We summarize the developmental steps required for PHM to reach full maturity and to generate actionable results with true business impact.
C1 [Uckun, Serdar] Xerox Corp, Palo Alto Res Ctr, 3333 Coyote Hill Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
[Goebel, Kai] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Lucas, Peter J. F.] Univ Nijmegen, Inst Comp & Informat Sci, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
RP Uckun, S (reprint author), Xerox Corp, Palo Alto Res Ctr, 3333 Coyote Hill Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
EM uckun@parc.com; kai.goebel@nasa.gov; peterl@cs.ru.nl
RI Lucas, Peter/D-1708-2012
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1935-7
PY 2008
BP 191
EP +
PG 3
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations
Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BJK74
UT WOS:000266719200024
ER
PT B
AU Aggarwal, MD
Miller, J
Penn, BG
AF Aggarwal, Mohan D.
Miller, Jim
Penn, Benjamin G.
GP IEEE
TI New Sensory Materials for Structural Health Monitoring
SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROGNOSTICS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT (PHM)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management
CY OCT 06-09, 2008
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE
DE optical damage sensors; piezo-luminescence; space applications;
triboluminescent materials
ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRIBOLUMINESCENCE; QUARTZ
AB As space flight materials become stronger, lighter weight, and applied with power margins of potential failure, the problem of determining their state of health in real time is not only more important but more difficult. Current techniques of visual inspection is only possible in particular situations where access and time are available; and, even at that, internal damage such as debonds and de-laminations in composites are impossible to discern via visual inspection alone. Other techniques such as bonded fiber optics and/or other strain gauging sensors are fragile, labor intensive to apply, and limited in their ability to discern the timing of structurally damaging events. This paper reports on work being done at the Alabama A&M University as well as other research institutions on the nature of certain triboluminescent materials and their potential applicability as real time sensors for structural damage monitoring. The properties of several triboluminescent materials will be presented along with conceptual designs of how these properties can provide valuable insight into real time structural damage mechanisms. The status and scope of ongoing work at the Alabama A&M University labs along with identification and status of work by colleagues at other research institutions will be discussed.
C1 [Aggarwal, Mohan D.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Normal, AL 35762 USA.
[Miller, Jim] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, ISHM & Sensor Branch, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Aggarwal, MD (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Normal, AL 35762 USA.
EM mohan.aggarwal@aamu.edu; jim.miller@nasa.gov; benjamin.g.penndr@nasa.gov
FU National Science Foundation (NSF)-Historically Black Colleges &
Universities (HBCU)-Research Infrastructure in Science & Engineering
(RISE) Program [0531183]; NASA Administrator's Fellowship Program NAFP
through UNCF Special Corporation [NNG066C58A]
FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation
(NSF)-Historically Black Colleges & Universities (HBCU)-Research
Infrastructure in Science & Engineering (RISE) Program 0531183. M. D.
Aggarwal thanks the financial support from NASA Administrator's
Fellowship Program NAFP through UNCF Special Corporation under their
contract NNG066C58A.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1935-7
PY 2008
BP 207
EP +
PG 3
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations
Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BJK74
UT WOS:000266719200026
ER
PT B
AU Tang, L
Kacprzynski, GJ
Goebel, K
Saxena, A
Saha, B
Vachtsevanos, G
AF Tang, Liang
Kacprzynski, Gregory J.
Goebel, Kai
Saxena, Abhinav
Saha, Bhaskar
Vachtsevanos, George
GP IEEE
TI Prognostics-enhanced Automated Contingency Management for Advanced
Autonomous Systems
SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROGNOSTICS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT (PHM)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management
CY OCT 06-09, 2008
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE
DE Automated contingency management; Prognostics and Health Management;
autonomous system; control reconfiguration
AB This paper introduces a novel Prognostics-enhanced Automated Contingency Management (or ACM+P) paradigm based on both current health state (diagnosis) and future health state estimates (prognosis) for advanced autonomous systems. Including prognostics in ACM system allows not only fault accommodation, but also fault mitigation via proper control actions based on short term prognosis, and moreover, the establishment of along term operational plan that optimizes the utility of the entire system based on long term prognostics. Technical challenges are identified and addressed by a hierarchical ACM+P architecture that allows fault accommodation and mitigation at various levels in the system ranging from component level control reconfiguration, system level control reconfiguration, to high level mission re-planning and resource redistribution. The ACM+P paradigm was developed and evaluated in a high fidelity Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) simulation environment with flight-proven baseline flight controller and simulated diagnostics and prognostics of flight control actuators. Simulation results are presented. The ACM+P concept, architecture and the generic methodologies presented in this paper are applicable to many advanced autonomous systems such as deep space probes, unmanned autonomous vehicles, and military and commercial aircrafts.
C1 [Tang, Liang; Kacprzynski, Gregory J.] Impact Technol LLC, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
[Goebel, Kai] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Saxena, Abhinav] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, RIACS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Saha, Bhaskar] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MCT, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Vachtsevanos, George] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Tang, L (reprint author), Impact Technol LLC, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
EM Liang.Tang@impact-tek.com
FU NASA under STTR [NNX08CD31P]
FX This work was supported in part by the NASA under STTR Contract
NNX08CD31P.
NR 21
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U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1935-7
PY 2008
BP 273
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations
Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BJK74
UT WOS:000266719200035
ER
PT B
AU Kurtoglu, T
Mengshoel, OJ
Poll, S
AF Kurtoglu, Tolga
Mengshoel, Ole J.
Poll, Scott
GP IEEE
TI A Framework for Systematic Benchmarking of Monitoring and Diagnostic
Systems
SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROGNOSTICS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT (PHM)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management
CY OCT 06-09, 2008
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE
DE Fault Detection; Fault Diagnosis; Systems Health Management; Bayesian
Reasoning; Model-Based Diagnosis
ID BAYESIAN NETWORKS
AB In this paper, we present an architecture and a formal framework to be used for systematic benchmarking of monitoring and diagnostic systems and for producing comparable performance assessments of different diagnostic technologies. The framework defines a number of standardized specifications, which include a fault catalog, a library of modular test scenarios, and a common protocol for gathering and processing diagnostic data. At the center of the framework are 13 benchmarking metric definitions. The calculation of metrics is illustrated on a probabilistic model-based diagnosis algorithm utilizing Bayesian reasoning techniques. The diagnosed system is a real-world electrical power system, namely the Advanced Diagnostics and Prognostics Testbed (ADAPT) developed and located at the NASA Ames Research Center. The proposed benchmarking approach shows how to generate realistic diagnostic data sets for large-scale, complex engineering systems, and how the generated experimental data can be used to enable "apples to apples" assessments of the effectiveness of different diagnostic and monitoring algorithms.
C1 [Kurtoglu, Tolga; Poll, Scott] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Mengshoel, Ole J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA RIACS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Kurtoglu, T (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM tolga.kurtoglu@nasa.gov; ole.j.mengshoel@nasa.gov; scott.d.poll@nasa.gov
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Aeronautics
Research Mission Directorate (ARMD); National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) Aviation Safety Program (AvSP); National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Integrated Vehicle
Management (IVHM); NASA [NCC2-1426, NNA07BB97C]
FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD)
Aviation Safety Program (AvSP) Integrated Vehicle Management (IVHM)
Project. Additionally, this material is based upon the work supported by
NASA under awards NCC2-1426 and NNA07BB97C.
NR 37
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U2 0
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PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1935-7
PY 2008
BP 339
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations
Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BJK74
UT WOS:000266719200041
ER
PT B
AU Martin, RA
AF Martin, Rodney A.
GP IEEE
TI An Investigation of State-Space Model Fidelity for SSME Data
SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROGNOSTICS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT (PHM)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management
CY OCT 06-09, 2008
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE
ID NOISE
AB In previous studies, a variety of unsupervised anomaly detection techniques for anomaly detection were applied to SSME (Space Shuttle Main Engine) data. The observed results indicated that the identification of certain anomalies were specific to the algorithmic method under consideration. This is the reason why one of the follow-on goals of these previous investigations was to build an architecture to support the best capabilities of all algorithms. We appeal to that goal here by investigating a cascade, serial architecture for the best performing and most suitable candidates from previous studies.
As a precursor to a formal ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve analysis for validation of resulting anomaly detection algorithms, our primary focus here is to investigate the model fidelity as measured by variants of the AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) for state-space based models. We show that placing constraints on a state-space model during or after the training of the model introduces a modest level of suboptimality. Furthermore, we compare the fidelity of all candidate models including those embodying the cascade, serial architecture. We make recommendations on the most suitable candidates for application to subsequent anomaly detection studies as measured by AIC-based criteria.
C1 [Martin, Rodney A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Martin, RA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Rodney.Martin@nasa.gov
FU NASA
FX The author would like to extend thanks to John Wallerius and Nikunj Oza
for their help in reviewing this paper, and to various NASA funding
sources for supporting this research.
NR 30
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PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1935-7
PY 2008
BP 416
EP +
PG 3
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations
Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BJK74
UT WOS:000266719200049
ER
PT B
AU Ginart, A
Roemer, MJ
Kalgren, PW
Goebel, K
AF Ginart, Antonio
Roemer, Michael J.
Kalgren, Patrick W.
Goebel, Kai
GP IEEE
TI Modeling Aging Effects of IGBTs in Power Drives by Ringing
Characterization
SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROGNOSTICS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT (PHM)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management
CY OCT 06-09, 2008
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE
DE Prognostics for Electronics; Electronics Aging; IGBT Aging;
Physics-of-Failure Model; Functional Model
ID FAULT-DETECTION; MOTOR DRIVE; IMPEDANCE
AB This paper presents two types of aging modeling for ICBTs. The physical modeling allows a better understanding of the physical mechanics of failures while the functional model represents a more general approach that can be easily extended to model more complex systems. The latter also allows a better characterization of the ringing signal phenomenon, which was found to be characteristic of aged IGBTs. Based on the effects of aging on the ringing, a feature is proposed to capture these changes in real-time and use them as a diagnostic tool for components health state. A real power drive platform is implemented to experimentally verify the ringing characterization modeled and to demonstrate the repeatability of the ringing effects observed at high frequencies in the voltage and current of electrical components.
C1 [Ginart, Antonio; Roemer, Michael J.; Kalgren, Patrick W.] Impact Technol LLC, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
[Goebel, Kai] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Ginart, A (reprint author), Impact Technol LLC, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
EM Antonio.Ginart@impact-tek.com
NR 23
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U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1935-7
PY 2008
BP 428
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations
Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BJK74
UT WOS:000266719200050
ER
PT B
AU Saha, S
Saha, B
Goebel, K
AF Saha, Sankalita
Saha, Bhaskar
Goebel, Kai
GP IEEE
TI Distributed Prognostics Using Wireless Embedded Devices
SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROGNOSTICS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT (PHM)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management
CY OCT 06-09, 2008
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE
DE Prognostics; Distributed Architecture; Sensor Network; PHM; Distributed
Prognostics; Distributed Health Management; Distributed PHM
AB Distributed prognostics is the next step in the evolution of prognostic methodologies. It is an important enabling technology for the emerging Condition Based Management/Prognostics Health Management paradigm. This paper provides an overview of such systems with details of the system architectures and the various possible design considerations. A distributed particle filter architecture for battery health management is developed and successfully implemented using embedded smart sensor devices with wireless communication capabilities.
C1 [Saha, Sankalita] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, RIACS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Saha, Bhaskar] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MCT, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Goebel, Kai] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Saha, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, RIACS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM ssaha@riacs.edu; bhaskar.saha-1@nasa.gov; kai.goebel@nasa.gov
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1935-7
PY 2008
BP 457
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations
Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BJK74
UT WOS:000266719200054
ER
PT B
AU Hinchey, MG
Rash, JL
Truszkowski, WF
Sterritt, R
Rouff, CA
AF Hinchey, Michael G.
Rash, James L.
Truszkowski, Walter F.
Sterritt, Roy
Rouff, Christopher A.
BE Ganzha, M
Paprzycki, M
PelechPilichowski, T
TI You Can't Get There From Here! Problems and Potential Solutions in
Developing New Classes of Complex Computer Systems
SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL MULTICONFERENCE ON COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY (IMCSIT), VOLS 1 AND 2
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Multiconference on Computer Science and Information
Technology
CY OCT 20-22, 2008
CL Wisla, POLAND
AB The explosion of capabilities and new products within the sphere of Information Technology (IT) has fostered widespread, overly optimistic opinions regarding the industry, based on common but unjustified assumptions of quality and correctness of software. These assumptions are encouraged by software producers and vendors, who at this late date have not succeeded in finding a way to overcome the lack of an automated, mathematically sound way to develop correct systems from requirements. NASA faces this dilemma as it envisages advanced mission concepts that involve large swarms of small spacecraft that will engage cooperatively to achieve science goals. Such missions entail levels of complexity that beg for new methods for system development far beyond today's methods, which are inadequate for ensuring correct behavior of large numbers of interacting intelligent mission elements. New system development techniques recently devised through NASA-led research will offer some innovative approaches to achieving correctness in complex system development, including autonomous swarm missions that exhibit emergent behavior, as well as general software products created by the computing industry.
C1 [Hinchey, Michael G.] Univ Limerick, Lero Irish Software Engn Res Ctr, Limerick, Ireland.
[Rash, James L.; Truszkowski, Walter F.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 21035 USA.
[Sterritt, Roy] Univ Ulster, Sch Comp Math, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland.
[Rouff, Christopher A.] Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Lab, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
RP Hinchey, MG (reprint author), Univ Limerick, Lero Irish Software Engn Res Ctr, Limerick, Ireland.
EM mike.hinchey@lero.ie; james.l.rash@nasa.gov;
walter.f.truszkowski@nasa.gov; r.sterritt@ulster.ac.uk;
christopher.rouff@lmco.com
NR 47
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-8-36-8-1014-9
PY 2008
BP 593
EP +
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BKP15
UT WOS:000268848500094
ER
PT B
AU Nguyen, TX
Ely, JJ
Koppen, SV
Fersch, MS
AF Nguyen, Truong X.
Ely, Jay J.
Koppen, Sandra V.
Fersch, Mariatheresa S.
GP IEEE
TI RFID Transponders' RF Emissions in Aircraft Communication and Navigation
Radio Bands
SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC
EUROPE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility
CY SEP 08-12, 2008
CL Hamburg, GERMANY
SP IEEE
DE Emissions; RFID; aircraft; navigation; communication
AB Radiated emission data in aircraft communication and navigation bands are presented for several active radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The individual tags are different in design, operation and transmitting frequencies. The process for measuring the tags' emissions in a reverberation chamber is discussed. Measurement issues dealing with tag interrogation, low level measurement in the presence of strong transmissions, and tags' low duty factors are discussed. The results show strong emissions, far exceeding aircraft emission limits and can be of potential interference risks.
C1 [Nguyen, Truong X.; Ely, Jay J.; Koppen, Sandra V.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Fersch, Mariatheresa S.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Nguyen, TX (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
EM truong.x.nguyen@nasa.gov
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-4097-9
PY 2008
BP 695
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA BKB62
UT WOS:000267695600129
ER
PT B
AU Dolinar, S
Andrews, K
Pollara, F
Divsalar, D
AF Dolinar, Sam
Andrews, Kenneth
Pollara, Fabrizio
Divsalar, Dariush
GP IEEE
TI Bounds on Error Probability of Block Codes with Bounded-Angle
Maximum-Likelihood Incomplete Decoding
SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY AND ITS APPLICATIONS,
VOLS 1-3
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications
CY DEC 07-10, 2008
CL Auckland, NEW ZEALAND
SP Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit 70, Support Ctr Adv Telecommun Tech Res, REFEC
AB Recently, Dolinar et al. [1] obtained extremely tight bounds on the probabilities of decoding error and undetected error for block codes using bounded-angle maximum-likehhood (BA-ML) incomplete decoding. Unfortunately, these bounds are complex and difficult to compute for large block sizes. In this paper we obtain simple exponential upper bounds on both the word error probability and the undetected error probability of block codes using BA-ML decoding.
C1 [Dolinar, Sam; Andrews, Kenneth; Pollara, Fabrizio; Divsalar, Dariush] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Dolinar, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM sam@shannon.jpl.nasa.gov; andrews@shannon.jpl.nasa.gov;
fabrizio@shannon.jpl.nasa.gov; dariush@shannon.jpl.nasa.gov
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-2068-1
PY 2008
BP 634
EP 639
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BMS85
UT WOS:000273504800115
ER
PT B
AU Le Vine, DM
Lagerloef, GSE
Pellerano, F
Colomb, FR
AF Le Vine, David M.
Lagerloef, Gary S. E.
Pellerano, Fernando.
Colomb, F. Raul
GP IEEE
TI The Aquarius/SAC-D Mission and Status of the Aquarius Instrument
SO 2008 MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of
the Environment
CY MAR 11-14, 2008
CL Florence, ITALY
SP Ctr Telerilevamento Microonde, Inst Fisica Appl, GRSS, IEEE, IEEE Italy Sect, URSI, Thales Alenia, Ente Cassa Risparmio Firenze
DE Microwave Remote Sensing; Ocean Salinity
ID SEA-SURFACE SALINITY
AB The Aquarius/SAC-D mission is a partnership between the USA (NASA) and Argentina (CONAE). The observatory consists of Aquarius, an L-band radiometer/radar combination being developed under NASA's Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) program to map the surface salinity field of the oceans from space, together with the SAC-D bus and several instruments provided by CONAE and its partners. The Aquarius instrument is currently in I&T at NASA/JPL. The mission is scheduled for launch in May, 2010.
C1 [Le Vine, David M.; Pellerano, Fernando.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Lagerloef, Gary S. E.] Earth & Space Res, Seattle, WA 98102 USA.
[Colomb, F. Raul] CONAE, RA-1063 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
RP Le Vine, DM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM David.M.LeVine@nasa.gov; lager@esr.org
FU U.S. National Aviation and Space Administration (NASA)
FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. National Aviation and Space
Administration (NASA).
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1986-9
PY 2008
BP 33
EP +
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing
GA BIJ56
UT WOS:000260085700009
ER
PT B
AU Haken, M
Le Vine, DM
AF Haken, Michael
Le Vine, David M.
GP IEEE
TI Specialized RFI Filter for Synthetic Aperture Radiometers and
Performance with 2D-STAR
SO 2008 MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of
the Environment
CY MAR 11-14, 2008
CL Florence, ITALY
SP Ctr Telerilevamento Microonde, Inst Fisica Appl, GRSS, IEEE, IEEE Italy Sect, URSI, Thales Alenia, Ente Cassa Risparmio Firenze
DE 2D-STAR; ESTAR; RFI; synthetic aperture radiometer
AB A study was conducted to determine if using the non-zero spacing channels (visibilities) in synthetic aperture radiometers could help with the detection of radio frequency interference (RFI) at L-band. The study was conducted using RFI filters developed for the airborne synthetic aperture radiometers ESTAR and 2D-STAR and data collected with 2D-STAR. The ESTAR filter employed a combined threshold/change detector on the total power (zero spacing in the synthetic aperture radiometers). The new approach taken for the 2D-STAR filter employs a threshold on the maximum of all non-zero spacing visibilities in a sample. The filter using all visibilities demonstrated a significant performance advantage, with lower incidence of both missed detections and false detections than the filter using total power.
C1 [Haken, Michael] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Haken, Michael; Le Vine, David M.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Haken, M (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
EM michael.e.haken@nasa.gov; david.m.levine@nasa.gov
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1986-9
PY 2008
BP 85
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing
GA BIJ56
UT WOS:000260085700022
ER
PT B
AU Kurum, M
Lang, RH
O'Neill, PE
Joseph, A
Jackson, T
Cosh, M
AF Kurum, Mehmet
Lang, Roger H.
O'Neill, Peggy E.
Joseph, Alicia
Jackson, Tom
Cosh, Mike
GP IEEE
TI Estimation of Canopy Attenuation for Active/Passive Microwave Soil
Moisture Retrieval Algorithms
SO 2008 MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of
the Environment
CY MAR 11-14, 2008
CL Florence, ITALY
SP Ctr Telerilevamento Microonde, Inst Fisica Appl, GRSS, IEEE, IEEE Italy Sect, URSI, Thales Alenia, Ente Cassa Risparmio Firenze
DE Vegetation; Soil Moisture; Transient Response; Frequency Correlation
Function
ID FOREST CANOPY; L-BAND; SCATTEROMETER
AB This paper discusses the importance of the proper characterization of scattering and attenuation in trees needed for accurate retrieval of soil moisture in the presence of trees. Emphasis is placed on determining an accurate estimation of the propagation properties of a vegetation canopy using the complex frequency correlation function (FCF). A new technique for determining the canopy attenuation that uses the measured stepped frequency radar backscatter response is proposed. It makes use of the details found in a transient solution where the canopy (volume scattering) and the tree-ground (double interaction) effects appear at different times. The proposed technique is based on separating the backscattering sources within a forest canopy in the time response. The technique has been used with L band data collected over deciduous trees to verify that the algorithm results match the simulated data.
C1 [Kurum, Mehmet; Lang, Roger H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
[O'Neill, Peggy E.; Joseph, Alicia] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20070 USA.
[Jackson, Tom; Cosh, Mike] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sens Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Kurum, M (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
EM kurum@gwu.edu
RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1986-9
PY 2008
BP 136
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing
GA BIJ56
UT WOS:000260085700035
ER
PT B
AU Dinnat, EP
Le Vine, DA
Abraham, S
AF Dinnat, Emmanuel P.
Le Vine, David M.
Abraham, Saji
GP IEEE
TI L-band radiometry and reflection of the Galaxy by a rough ocean surface
SO 2008 MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of
the Environment
CY MAR 11-14, 2008
CL Florence, ITALY
SP Ctr Telerilevamento Microonde, Inst Fisica Appl, GRSS, IEEE, IEEE Italy Sect, URSI, Thales Alenia, Ente Cassa Risparmio Firenze
DE Sea surface salinity; L-band; radiometry; galaxy
ID CONTINUUM SURVEY; DATA REDUCTION; SOUTHERN SKY; 1420 MHZ; SEA
AB The celestial sky brightness temperature reflected by the ocean surface toward an 1,band radiometer induces a signal that needs to be known in order to retrieve sea surface salinity. To provide an accurate correction, the effects of the surface roughness and the antenna gain pattern need to be included. We assess the impact of these effects on the reflected sky signal using the Aquarius radiometer as an example.
C1 [Dinnat, Emmanuel P.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Le Vine, David M.; Abraham, Saji] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wyle Informat Syst Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Dinnat, EP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
EM emmanuel.dinnat@nasa.gov; david.m.levine@nasa.gov;
saji.abraham@gsfc.nasa.gov
RI Dinnat, Emmanuel/D-7064-2012
OI Dinnat, Emmanuel/0000-0001-9003-1182
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1986-9
PY 2008
BP 152
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing
GA BIJ56
UT WOS:000260085700039
ER
PT B
AU Johnson, BT
Skofronick-Jackson, G
Petty, GW
AF Johnson, Benjamin T.
Skofronick-Jackson, Gail
Petty, Grant W.
GP IEEE
TI Combined Passive and Active Microwave Retrieval of Falling Snow During
the 2003 Wakasa Bay Field Experiment
SO 2008 MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of
the Environment
CY MAR 11-14, 2008
CL Florence, ITALY
SP Ctr Telerilevamento Microonde, Inst Fisica Appl, GRSS, IEEE, IEEE Italy Sect, URSI, Thales Alenia, Ente Cassa Risparmio Firenze
DE Snow; precipitation; radar; dual-wavelength; dual-frequency; GPM;
combined; passive microwave; Wakasa Bay
ID RAINFALL MEASURING MISSION; PART I; CLOUDS
AB The present research describes a novel snowfall retrieval algorithm using combined radar and radiometer observations of cold-cloud precipitation. The algorithm retrieves a I-D vertical distribution of precipitation rate, particle size, particle density, and cloud liquid water content using aircraftor satellite-based co-located dual-wavelength radar and passive microwave radiometer observations. The 2003 Wakasa Bay field experiment over the Sea of Japan provided high-resolution observations of snowfall using aircraft-based instruments compatible with the present technique. The dual-frequency APR-2 radar operated at 13.4 and 35.6 GHz, while the co-located the MIR radiometer made cross-track observed brightness temperatures at 89, 150, 220, 183.3 +/- 1, 183.3 +/- 3, 183.3 +/- 7, 220 and 340 GHz. The techniques described here are being developed with an eye toward the upcoming Global Precipitation Measurement Mission (GPM). Parameterizations based on these retrievals are already being used to identify and communicate the key characteristics of cold-cloud precipitation to the larger remote sensing and climate modeling community.
C1 [Johnson, Benjamin T.; Skofronick-Jackson, Gail] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614-6, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Petty, Grant W.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
RP Johnson, BT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614-6, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Benjamin.T.Johnson@nasa.gov
RI Johnson, Benjamin/E-8557-2015
OI Johnson, Benjamin/0000-0003-3444-9669
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1986-9
PY 2008
BP 168
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing
GA BIJ56
UT WOS:000260085700043
ER
PT B
AU Lang, RH
Tarkocin, Y
Utku, C
Le Vine, D
AF Lang, Roger H.
Tarkocin, Yalcin
Utku, Cuneyt
Le Vine, David
GP IEEE
TI Accurate L-Band Dielectric Constant Measurements of Seawater
SO 2008 MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of
the Environment
CY MAR 11-14, 2008
CL Florence, ITALY
SP Ctr Telerilevamento Microonde, Inst Fisica Appl, GRSS, IEEE, IEEE Italy Sect, URSI, Thales Alenia, Ente Cassa Risparmio Firenze
DE Dielectric Constant; Microwave Resonant Cavity; Salinity; Seawater
AB A temperature controlled resonant cavity is used to measure the complex dielectric constant of seawater at 30 psu over the temperature range from 10 degrees C to 35 degrees C at 1.413 GHz. The measurements are conducted multiple times to obtain the mean and the standard deviation at each point. This paper describes the experimental procedure and presents recent dielectric constant results. These results are compared with the values obtained using the Klein-Swift model function.
C1 [Lang, Roger H.; Tarkocin, Yalcin] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
[Utku, Cuneyt; Le Vine, David] NASA, Goddard Flight Ctr, Instrumentat Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Lang, RH (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-1986-9
PY 2008
BP 204
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Remote Sensing
GA BIJ56
UT WOS:000260085700052
ER
PT S
AU Sakamoto, T
AF Sakamoto, T.
BE Huang, YF
Dai, ZG
Zhang, B
TI Prompt Emission Properties of X-ray Flashes and Gamma-ray Bursts
SO 2008 NANJING GAMMA-RAY BURST CONFERENCE
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Nanjing Gamma-Ray Burst Conference
CY JUN 23-27, 2008
CL Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Purple Mt Observat, Guangxi Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Chinese Astron Soc
DE Prompt gamma-ray emission; X-ray flashes
ID CATALOG; REDSHIFTS; BEPPOSAX
AB I summarize the prompt spectral characteristics of X-ray flashes (XRFs) using the available spectral parameters of the BATSE, the BeppoSAX, the HETE-2, and the Swift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The spectral properties of XRFs are similar to those of classical GRBs (C-GRBs) except the E(peak) energy and the fluence, of XRFs are much smaller. The fluence ratio distribution from XRFs to C-GRBs forms a continuum. This systematic study of the spectral properties of XRFs and C-GRBs tightens an evidence that these bursts arise from the same phenomenon.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Sakamoto, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 10
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0596-7
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1065
BP 9
EP 12
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIV25
UT WOS:000263064500002
ER
PT S
AU Stamatikos, M
Ukwatta, TN
Sakamoto, T
Dhuga, KS
AF Stamatikos, Michael
Ukwatta, Tilan N.
Sakamoto, Taka
Dhuga, Kalvir S.
BE Huang, YF
Dai, ZG
Zhang, B
TI A Correlation of Spectral Lag Evolution with Prompt Optical Emission in
GRBs?
SO 2008 NANJING GAMMA-RAY BURST CONFERENCE
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Nanjing Gamma-Ray Burst Conference
CY JUN 23-27, 2008
CL Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Purple Mt Observat, Guangxi Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Chinese Astron Soc
DE gamma rays: bursts; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; temporal analysis
ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; LUMINOSITY; BAT
AB We report on observations of correlated behavior between the prompt gamma-ray and optical emission from GRB 080319B, which (i) strongly suggest that they occurred within the same astrophysical source region and (ii) indicate that their respective. radiation mechanism,, were most likely dynamically coupled. Our preliminary results, based upon a new cross-correlation function (CCF) methodology for determining the time-resolved spectral lag, are summarized as follows. First, the evolution in the arrival offset of prompt gamma-ray photon counts between Swift-BAT 15-25 keV and 50-100 keV energy bands (intrinsic gamma-ray spectral lag) appears to be anti-correlated with the arrival offset between prompt 15-350 keV gamma-rays and the optical emission observed by TORTORA (extrinsic gamma-ray/optical lag), thus effectively partitioning the burst into two main episodes at similar to T + 28 +/- 2 see. Second, prompt optical emission is nested within intervals of both (a) trivial intrinsic gamma-ray spectral lag (similar to T + 12 +/- 2 and similar to T + 50 +/- 2 sec) with (b) discontinuities in the bard to soft evolution of the photon index for a power law fit to 15-150 keV Swift-BAT data (similar to T + 8 +/- 2 and similar to T + 48 +/- 1 sec), both of which coincide with the rise (similar to T + 10 +/- 1 sec) and decline (similar to T + 5 +/- 1 sec) of prompt optical emission. This potential discovery, robust across heuristic permutations of BAT energy channels and varying temporal bin resolution, provides the first observational evidence for an implicit connection between spectral lag and the dynamics of shocks in the context of canonical fireball phenomenology.
C1 [Stamatikos, Michael] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Ukwatta, Tilan N.; Dhuga, Kalvir S.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA.
[Sakamoto, Taka] Univ Maryland, CRESST, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Stamatikos, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
FU NPP Fellowship at NASA-GSFC
FX The authors are grateful to Craig Markwardt and David Band for very
fruitful discussions in regards to this analysis. M. Stamatikos is
supported by an NPP Fellowship at NASA-GSFC administered by ORAU.
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0596-7
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1065
BP 55
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIV25
UT WOS:000263064500012
ER
PT S
AU Stamatikos, M
Sakamoto, T
Band, DL
AF Stamatikos, Michael
Sakamoto, Taka
Band, David L.
BE Huang, YF
Dai, ZG
Zhang, B
TI Correlative Spectral Analysis of Gamma-Ray Bursts using Swift-BAT and
GLAST-GBM
SO 2008 NANJING GAMMA-RAY BURST CONFERENCE
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Nanjing Gamma-Ray Burst Conference
CY JUN 23-27, 2008
CL Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Purple Mt Observat, Guangxi Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Chinese Astron Soc
DE Gamma-Ray Astronomy; Gamma-Ray Bursts and Spectroscopy
ID ALERT-TELESCOPE BAT; ERA; BRIGHT
AB We discuss the preliminary results of spectral analysis simulations involving anticipated correlated multi-wavelength observations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) using, Swift's Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) and the Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope's (GLAST) Burst Monitor (GLAST-GBM), resulting in joint spectral fits, including characteristic photon energy (E(peak)) values, for a conservative annual estimate of similar to 30 GRBs. The addition of BAT's spectral response will (i) complement in-orbit calibration efforts of GBM's detector response matrices, (ii) augment GLAST's low energy sensitivity by increasing the similar to 20-100 keV effective area, (iii) facilitate ground-based follow-up efforts of GLAST GRBs by increasing GBM's source localization precision, and (iv) help identify a subset of non-triggered GRBs discovered via off-line GBM data analysis. Such multi-wavelength correlative analyses, which have been demonstrated by successful joint-spectral fits of Swift-BAT GRBs with other higher energy detectors such as Konus-WIND and Suzaku-WAM, would enable the study of broad-band Spectral and temporal evolution of prompt GRB emission over three energy decades, thus potentially increasing science return without placing additional demands upon mission resources throughout their contemporaneous orbital tenure over the next decade.
C1 [Stamatikos, Michael; Sakamoto, Taka; Band, David L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Stamatikos, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 12
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0596-7
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1065
BP 59
EP 62
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIV25
UT WOS:000263064500013
ER
PT S
AU Yuan, F
Rykoff, ES
Schaefer, BE
Rujopakarn, W
Guever, V
Aharonian, F
Akerlof, CW
Ashley, MCB
Barthelmy, SD
Gehrels, N
Gogus, E
Horns, D
Kiziloglu, U
Krimm, HA
McKay, TA
Ozel, M
Phillips, A
Quimby, RM
Rowell, G
Swan, HP
Vestrand, WT
Wheeler, JC
Wren, J
AF Yuan, F.
Rykoff, E. S.
Schaefer, B. E.
Rujopakarn, W.
Guever, V
Aharonian, F.
Akerlof, C. W.
Ashley, M. C. B.
Barthelmy, S. D.
Gehrels, N.
E, Goegues
Horns, D.
Kiziloglu, Ue
Krimm, H. A.
McKay, T. A.
M, Oezel
Phillips, A.
Quimby, R. M.
Rowell, G.
Swan, H. P.
Vestrand, W. T.
Wheeler, J. C.
Wren, J.
BE Huang, YF
Dai, ZG
Zhang, B
TI Prompt optical observations of GRB 080330 and GRB 080413A
SO 2008 NANJING GAMMA-RAY BURST CONFERENCE
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Nanjing Gamma-Ray Burst Conference
CY JUN 23-27, 2008
CL Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Purple Mt Observat, Guangxi Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Chinese Astron Soc
DE gamma-rays: bursts
AB We report on the results of rapid responses to GRB 080330 and GRB 080413A by the ROTSE-IIIb and ROTSE-IIIc telecopes. In both cases, optical follow-up started during the prompt emission phase and recorded optical flares peaking at similar times as the last hard X-ray pulses detected by the Swift BAT. For both events, the XRT observations started at the end of the prompt BAT detection and displayed an evolution in time opposite to the optical lightcurve. These very early observations provide us an opportunity to probe the onset of afterglow for these two events.
C1 [Yuan, F.; Akerlof, C. W.; McKay, T. A.; Swan, H. P.] Univ Michigan, Randall Lab 2477, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Rykoff, E. S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Schaefer, B. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Rujopakarn, W.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Guever, V] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Aharonian, F.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Ashley, M. C. B.; Phillips, A.] Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
[Barthelmy, S. D.; Gehrels, N.; Krimm, H. A.] NASA Goddard, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[E, Goegues] Sabanci Univ, TR-4956 Istanbul, Turkey.
[Kiziloglu, Ue] Middle E Tech Univ, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey.
[M, Oezel] Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, TR-17020 Qanakale, Turkey.
[Quimby, R. M.] Calif Inst Technool, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Vestrand, W. T.; Wren, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 7545 USA.
[Wheeler, J. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
RP Yuan, F (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Randall Lab 2477, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Rujopakarn,
Wiphu/E-7849-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009;
OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Guver, Tolga/0000-0002-3531-9842;
Rujopakarn, Wiphu/0000-0002-0303-499X; Rowell, Gavin/0000-0002-9516-1581
FU NASA swift Guest Investigator grants [NNX-07AF02G, NNX-08AN25G]; NASA
[NNG-04WC41G]; Australian Research Council; University of new south
Wales, the University of Texas, and the Michigan
FX This work is suppored by NASA swift Guest Investigator grants
NNX-07AF02G and NNX-08AN25G. ROTESE-III has been supported by NASA grant
NNG-04WC41G,the Australian Research Council, the University of new south
Wales, the University of Texas, and the Michigan.
NR 21
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0596-7
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1065
BP 103
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIV25
UT WOS:000263064500022
ER
PT S
AU Hill, JE
McConnell, ML
Bloser, P
Legere, J
Macri, J
Ryan, J
Barthelmy, S
Angelini, L
Sakamoto, T
Black, JK
Hartmann, DH
Kaaret, P
Zhang, B
Ioka, K
Nakamura, T
Toma, K
Yamazaki, R
Wu, X
AF Hill, J. E.
McConnell, M. L.
Bloser, P.
Legere, J.
Macri, J.
Ryan, J.
Barthelmy, S.
Angelini, L.
Sakamoto, T.
Black, J. K.
Hartmann, D. H.
Kaaret, P.
Zhang, B.
Ioka, K.
Nakamura, T.
Toma, K.
Yamazaki, R.
Wu, X.
BE Huang, YF
Dai, ZG
Zhang, B
TI POET: POlarimeters for Energetic Transients
SO 2008 NANJING GAMMA-RAY BURST CONFERENCE
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Nanjing Gamma-Ray Burst Conference
CY JUN 23-27, 2008
CL Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Purple Mt Observat, Guangxi Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Chinese Astron Soc
DE Gamma-ray Bursts; Polarimetry; X-ray; Gamma-ray
ID GAMMA-RAY-BURSTS; X-RAY; POLARIZATION; ASTRONOMY; EMISSION; OUTFLOW
AB POET(Polarimeters for Energetic Transients) is a Small Explorer mission concept proposed to NASA in January 2008. The principal scientific goal of POET is to measure GRB polarization between 2 and 500 keV. The payload consists of two wide FoV instruments: a Low Energy Polarimeter (LEP) capable of polarization measurements in the energy range from 2-15 keV and a high energy polarimeter (Gamma-Ray Polarimeter Experiment-GRAPE) that will measure polarization in the 60-500 keV energy range. Spectra will be measured from 2 keV up to 1 MeV. The POET spacecraft provides a zenith-pointed platform for maximizing the exposure to deep space. Spacecraft rotation will provide a means of effectively dealing with systematics in the polarization response. POET will provide sufficient sensitivity and sky coverage to measure statistically significant polarization for up to 100 GRBs in a two-year mission. Polarization data will also be obtained for solar flares, pulsars and other sources of astronomical interest.
C1 [Hill, J. E.] CRESST, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Barthelmy, S.; Angelini, L.; Sakamoto, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Black, J. K.] Rock Creek Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Hartmann, D. H.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
[Zhang, B.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
[Kaaret, P.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Ioka, K.; Nakamura, T.; Toma, K.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Kyoto 6068501, Japan.
[Yamazaki, R.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 730, Japan.
[Wu, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China.
RP Hill, JE (reprint author), CRESST, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Wu, Xuefeng/G-5316-2015
OI Wu, Xuefeng/0000-0002-6299-1263
NR 20
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0596-7
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1065
BP 331
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIV25
UT WOS:000263064500068
ER
PT B
AU Xu, N
Gao, B
Liu, LF
Sun, B
Liu, XY
Han, RQ
Kang, JF
Yu, B
AF Xu, N.
Gao, B.
Liu, L. F.
Sun, Bing
Liu, X. Y.
Han, R. Q.
Kang, J. F.
Yu, B.
GP IEEE
TI A unified physical model of switching behavior in oxide-based RRAM
SO 2008 SYMPOSIUM ON VLSI TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on VLSI Technology
CY JUN 17-19, 2008
CL Honolulu, HI
SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE, Japan Soc Appl Phys
AB Excellent bipolar resistive switching (RS) behavior was achieved in TiN/ZnO/Pt resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices. A unified physical model based on electrons hopping transport among oxygen vacancies along the conductive filaments (CFs) is proposed to elucidate the RS behavior in the RRAM devices. In the unified physical model, a new reset mechanism due to the depletion of electrons in oxygen vacancies and the recovery of electron-depleted oxygen vacancies (V-o(+)) with non-lattice oxygen ions (O2-) is proposed and identified.
C1 [Xu, N.; Gao, B.; Liu, L. F.; Sun, Bing; Liu, X. Y.; Han, R. Q.; Kang, J. F.] Peking Univ, Inst Microelect, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Yu, B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Xu, N (reprint author), Peking Univ, Inst Microelect, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
EM lfliu@ime.pku.edu.cn; kangjf@pku.edu.cn
FU 973 Program [2006CB302700]; NSFC [90407023]
FX This work is partly supported by 973 Program (2006CB302700) and NSFC
(90407023)
NR 9
TC 1
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U1 1
U2 9
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
PY 2008
BP 77
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA BIH12
UT WOS:000259442500037
ER
PT B
AU Henry, H
Chamberlain, RG
AF Henry, Hugh
Chamberlain, Robert G.
GP IEEE
TI CREATING AND USING NON-KINETIC EFFECTS: TRAINING JOINT FORCES FOR
ASYMMETRIC OPERATIONS
SO 2008 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2008 Winter Simulation Conference
CY DEC 07-10, 2008
CL Miami, FL
SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Simulat Soc, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int
AB US military forces now face asymmetric military operations. Management of relationships with civilians is often crucial to success. Local population groups can provide critical intelligence or be sources of increasingly violent insurgent activity. A variety of organizations that are neither citizens nor military forces complicate the scenario. Mission readiness and rehearsal training are evolving to respond to this new operating environment. In particular, the Joint Land Component Constructive Training Capability (JLCCTC) adds the Joint Non-kinetic Effects Model (JNEM) and the Independent Stimulation Module (ISM) to any of several combat models. JNEM models the non-kinetic effects of joint military operations on the attitudes and reactions of civilian population groups. ISM manages the flow and delivery of information. All components of JLCCTC communicate in real time during training. Commanders learn that appropriate actions improve the situation (e.g., better cooperation) and inappropriate actions make things worse (e.g., increased numbers of insurgents).
C1 [Henry, Hugh] Mitre Corp, 3504 Lake Lynda Dr,Suite 410, Orlando, FL 32817 USA.
[Chamberlain, Robert G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Henry, H (reprint author), Mitre Corp, 3504 Lake Lynda Dr,Suite 410, Orlando, FL 32817 USA.
FU U.S. Army Program Executive Office for Simulation, Training, and
Instrumentation (PEO STRI), in Orlando, FL
FX The research described in this paper was carried out by the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Booz Allen
Hamilton, and the MITRE Corporation and was sponsored by the U.S. Army
Program Executive Office for Simulation, Training, and Instrumentation
(PEO STRI), in Orlando, FL. The authors thank PEO STRI for its support
for this research and acknowledge the contributions of the Armys
National Simulation Center at Fort Leavenworth, KS.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-2707-9
PY 2008
BP 1200
EP +
DI 10.1109/WSC.2008.4736191
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BNG32
UT WOS:000274496200142
ER
PT S
AU Holzmann, GJ
Joshi, R
Groce, A
AF Holzmann, Gerard J.
Joshi, Rajeev
Groce, Alex
BE Grumberg, O
Veith, H
TI New challenges in model checking
SO 25 YEARS OF MODEL CHECKING: HISTORY, ACHIEVEMENTS, PERSPECTIVES
SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposum on 25 Years of Model Checking (25MC)
CY AUG 16, 2008
CL Seattle, WA
DE logic model checking; software verification; software reliability;
software structure; grand challenge project; flash file system challenge
ID VERIFICATION
AB In the last 25 years, the notion of performing software verification with logic model checking techniques has evolved from intellectual curiosity to accepted technology with significant potential for broad practical application. In this paper we took back at the main steps in this evolution and illustrate how the challenges have changed over the years, as we sharpened our theories and tools. Next we discuss a typical challenge in software verification that we face today and that perhaps we can look back on in another 25 years as having inspired the next logical step towards a broader integration of model checking into the software development process.
C1 [Holzmann, Gerard J.; Joshi, Rajeev; Groce, Alex] NASA, JPL, Lab Reliable Software, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Holzmann, GJ (reprint author), NASA, JPL, Lab Reliable Software, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 21
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-540-69849-4
J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC
PY 2008
VL 5000
BP 65
EP 76
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BHZ25
UT WOS:000257623600004
ER
PT S
AU Wolf, MT
Burdick, JW
AF Wolf, Michael T.
Burdick, Joel W.
GP IEEE
TI Bayesian Clustering and Tracking of Neuronal Signals for Autonomous
Neural Interfaces
SO 47TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, 2008 (CDC 2008)
SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control
CY DEC 09-11, 2008
CL IEEE Control Syst Soc (CSS), Cancun, MEXICO
SP IEEE, Soc Ind & Appl Math (SIAM), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci (INFORMS), Japanese Soc Instrument & Control Engn (SICE), European Union Control Assoc (EUCA), Taylor & Francis Grp, StatoilHydro
HO IEEE Control Syst Soc (CSS)
ID ACTION-POTENTIALS; CONTROL ALGORITHM; SPIKE DETECTION
AB This paper introduces a new, unsupervised method for sorting and tracking the non-stationary spike signals of individual neurons in multi-unit extracellular recordings. While this method may be applied to a variety of problems that arise in the field of neural interfaces, its development is motivated by a new class of autonomous neural recording devices. The core of the proposed strategy relies upon an extension of a traditional expectation-maximization (EM) mixture model optimization to incorporate clustering results from the preceding recording interval in a Bayesian manner. Explicit filtering equations for the case of a Gaussian mixture are derived. Techniques using prior data to seed the EM iterations and to select the appropriate model class are also developed. As a natural byproduct of the sorting method, current and prior signal clusters can be matched over time in order to track persisting neurons. Applications of this signal classification method to recordings from macaque parietal cortex show that it provides significantly more consistent clustering and tracking results than traditional methods.
C1 [Wolf, Michael T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Burdick, Joel W.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Wolf, MT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM wolf@jpl.nasa.gov; jwb@robotics.caltech.edu
FU National Institutes of Health; Rose HillsFoundation
FX This work was completed at the California Institute of Technology with
support from the National Institutes of Health and the Rose
HillsFoundation.
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0743-1546
BN 978-1-4244-3124-3
J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P
PY 2008
BP 1992
EP 1999
DI 10.1109/CDC.2008.4739362
PG 8
WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence;
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBL77
UT WOS:000307311602020
ER
PT S
AU Chung, DJ
Bhattacharya, S
Ponchak, G
Papapolymerou, J
AF Chung, David J.
Bhattacharya, Swapan
Ponchak, George
Papapolymerou, John
GP IEEE
TI A stitching technique for expanding large 3-D multi-layer antenna arrays
in Ku-band using small array units
SO 58TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS
SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 58th Electronic Components and Technology Conference
CY 2008
CL Orlando, FL
SP Elect Components, Assemblies & Mat Assoc, Elect Ind Alliance, IEEE, CPMT
AB This paper presents an approach, where via technology is used to expand an antenna array by "stitching" two unit arrays. This method becomes useful as the processing capability becomes limited by the size of the antenna array. Using the bonding process of Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP), a 3-D multi-layer 4x8 patch antenna array has been created and measured at 14 GHz. The results are compared to a single layer structure without vias. The measurement shows S11 of 19.1 dB at 13.9 GHz for the multilayer design with a via.
C1 [Chung, David J.; Bhattacharya, Swapan; Papapolymerou, John] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA.
[Ponchak, George] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Chung, DJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA.
EM gth049a@mail.gatech.edu
NR 8
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0569-5503
BN 978-1-4244-2230-2
J9 ELEC COMP C
PY 2008
BP 175
EP +
DI 10.1109/ECTC.2008.4549966
PG 2
WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA BHX16
UT WOS:000257141200026
ER
PT S
AU Ponchak, GE
Jordan, JL
Horst, S
Papapolymerou, J
AF Ponchak, George E.
Jordan, Jennifer L.
Horst, Stephen
Papapolymerou, John
GP IEEE
TI RF and DC power handling characterization of thin film resistors
embedded on LCP
SO 58TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS
SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 58th Electronic Components and Technology Conference
CY 2008
CL Orlando, FL
SP Elect Components, Assemblies & Mat Assoc, Elect Ind Alliance, IEEE, CPMT
ID CRYSTAL POLYMER LCP; GHZ
AB For the first time, the DC and RF power handling capability of NiCrAlSi thin film resistors on Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) is presented. It is shown that there is a maximum power that the resistors can handle without causing degradation of the resistors, and this value is significantly less than the power required for burn out of the resistors. EDAX shows that the resistors fail due to electromigration of Ni and Cr, and migration of C from the LCP.
C1 [Ponchak, George E.; Jordan, Jennifer L.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Horst, Stephen; Papapolymerou, John] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA.
RP Ponchak, GE (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM George.ponchak@ieee.org
FU NASA ESTO ROSES
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the help of Mr. Nicholas Varaljay
for performing the EDAX analysis and the NASA ESTO ROSES program for
funding assistance.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0569-5503
BN 978-1-4244-2230-2
J9 ELEC COMP C
PY 2008
BP 713
EP +
DI 10.1109/ECTC.2008.4550051
PG 2
WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA BHX16
UT WOS:000257141200111
ER
PT S
AU Lall, P
Bhat, C
Hande, M
More, V
Vaidya, R
Pandher, R
Suhling, J
Goebel, K
AF Lall, Pradeep
Bhat, Chandan
Hande, Madhura
More, Vikrant
Vaidya, Rahul
Pandher, Ranjit
Suhling, Jeff
Goebel, Kai
GP IEEE
TI Interrogation of system state for damage assessment in lead-free
electronics subjected to thermo-mechanical loads
SO 58TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS
SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 58th Electronic Components and Technology Conference
CY 2008
CL Orlando, FL
SP Elect Components, Assemblies & Mat Assoc, Elect Ind Alliance, IEEE, CPMT
ID SN-AG-CU; FREE SOLDER ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION;
FEATURE-EXTRACTION; BOUNDARY-SCAN; PART I; FATIGUE; JOINTS;
PROGNOSTICATION; RELIABILITY
AB Requirements for system availability for ultra-high reliability electronic systems such as airborne and space electronic systems are driving the need for advanced heath monitoring techniques for early detection of the onset of damage. Aerospace-electronic systems usually face a very harsh environment, requiring them to survive the high strain rates, e.g. during launch and re-entry and thermal environments including extreme low and high temperatures. Traditional health monitoring methodologies have relied on reactive methods of failure detection often providing little on no insight into the remaining useful life of the system. Detection of system-state significantly prior to catastrophic failure can significantly impact the reliability and availability of electronic systems. Previously, Lall, et. al. [2004, 2005, 2006, 2007] have developed methodologies for health management and interrogation of system state of electronic systems based on leading indicators. Examples of damage pre-cursors include micro-structural evolution, intermetallics, stress and stress gradients. Pre-cursors have been developed for both eutectic 63Sn37Pb and Sn4Ag0.5Cu alloy systems on a variety of area-array architectures.
In this paper, a mathematical approach for interrogation of system state under cyclic thermo-mechanical stresses has been developed for 6-different leadfree solder alloy systems. Thermal cycles may be experienced by electronics due to power cycling or environmental cycling. Data has been collected for leading indicators of failure for alloy systems including, Sn3Ag0.5Cu, Sn3Ag0.7Cu, Sn1Ag0.5Cu, Sn0.3Ag0.5Cu0.1Bi, Sn0.2Ag0.5Cu0.1Bi0.1Ni, 96.5Sn3.5Ag second-level interconnects under the application of cyclic thermo-mechanical loads. Methodology presented resides in the pre-failure space of the system in which no macro-indicators such as cracks or delamination exist. Systems subjected to thermo-mechanical. damage have been interrogated for system state and the computed damage state correlated with known imposed damage. The approach involves the use of condition monitoring devices which can be interrogated for damage proxies at finite time-intervals. Interrogation techniques are based on derivation of damage proxies, and system prior damage based non-linear least-squares methods including the Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm. The system's residual life is computed based on residual-life computation algorithms.
C1 [Lall, Pradeep; Bhat, Chandan; Hande, Madhura; More, Vikrant; Vaidya, Rahul; Suhling, Jeff] Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
[Pandher, Ranjit] Cookson Elect, Jersey City, NJ 07304 USA.
[Goebel, Kai] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Lall, P (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
EM lall@eng.aubum.edu
FU NASA-IVHM from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
[NNA08BA21C]
FX The research presented in this paper has been supported by NASA-IVHM
Program Grant NNA08BA21C from the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
NR 64
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U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0569-5503
BN 978-1-4244-2230-2
J9 ELEC COMP C
PY 2008
BP 918
EP +
DI 10.1109/ECTC.2008.4550086
PG 4
WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA BHX16
UT WOS:000257141200146
ER
PT S
AU Holland, B
McPherson, R
Zhang, T
Hou, Z
Dean, R
Johnson, RW
Del Castillo, L
Moussessian, A
AF Holland, Brian
McPherson, Ryan
Zhang, Tan
Hou, Zhenwei
Dean, Robert
Johnson, R. Wayne
Del Castillo, Linda
Moussessian, Alina
GP IEEE
TI Ultra-thin, flexible electronics
SO 58TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS
SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 58th Electronic Components and Technology Conference
CY 2008
CL Orlando, FL
SP Elect Components, Assemblies & Mat Assoc, Elect Ind Alliance, IEEE, CPMT
AB Thinned die can be used to realize ultra-thin flexible electronics for applications such as conformal and wearable electronics. Three techniques have been developed to achieve this goal using thinned die: die flip chip bonded onto flexible substrates, die laminated onto LCP films, and die embedded in polyimide. A key to achieving each of these techniques is the thinning of die to a thickness of 50 mu m or thinner. Conventional CMP processing can be used to thin to 50 mu m. At 50 mu m, the active die become flexible and must be handled by temporarily bonding them to a holder die, for further processing. Once bonded face down to the holder die, the active die can be further thinned by DRIE etching the exposed backside. The thinned die can then been packaged in or on the flexible substrate.
C1 [McPherson, Ryan; Dean, Robert; Johnson, R. Wayne] Auburn Univ, ECE Dept, 200 Broun Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
[Del Castillo, Linda] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Holland, B (reprint author), Auburn Univ, ECE Dept, 200 Broun Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
EM johnson@eng.aubum.edu
FU NASA JPL
FX Work Performed at Auburn University.; NASA JPL is acknowledged for
sponsoring this effort.
NR 6
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0569-5503
BN 978-1-4244-2230-2
J9 ELEC COMP C
PY 2008
BP 1110
EP +
DI 10.1109/ECTC.2008.4550114
PG 2
WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA BHX16
UT WOS:000257141201008
ER
PT B
AU Cirillo, W
Earle, K
Goodliff, K
Reeves, JD
Andraschko, M
Merrill, RG
Stromgren, C
AF Cirillo, William
Earle, Kevin
Goodliff, Kandyce
Reeves, J. D.
Andraschko, Mark
Merrill, R. Gabe
Stromgren, Chel
BE Bruzzone, A
Elfrey, P
Papoff, E
Massei, M
Molnar, I
TI ANALYSIS OF LOGISTICS IN SUPPORT OF A HUMAN LUNAR OUTPOST
SO 7TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MODELING & APPLIED SIMULATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on Modeling and Applied Simulation
CY SEP 17-19, 2008
CL Campora San Giovanni, ITALY
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engn, Soc Comp Simulat Int, McLeod Inst Simulat Sci, Modeling & Simulat Network, Int Mediterranean & Latin Amer Council Simulat, Kennedy Space Ctr, Management & Adv Solut & Technol, Tonno Callipo, Liquirizie Amarelli, Giulio Barca Prodotti Pelle
DE strategic analysis; space logistics; lunar outpost; lunar architecture
AB Strategic level analysis of the integrated behavior of lunar transportation system and lunar surface system architecture options is performed to inform NASA Constellation Program senior management on the benefit, viability, affordability, and robustness of system design choices. This paper presents an overview of the approach used to perform the strategic-level analysis, with an emphasis on the logistics modeling and the impacts of logistics resupply on system behavior. An overview of deterministic and probabilistic analysis approaches is provided, with a discussion of the importance of each approach to understanding the integrated system behavior. The logistics required to support lunar surface habitation are analyzed from both "macro-logistics" and "micro-logistics" perspectives, where macro-logistics focuses on the delivery of goods to a destination and micro-logistics focuses on local handling of re-supply goods at a destination. An example lunar exploration system scenario is provided to tie the theories of strategic analysis to results generation capabilities.
C1 [Cirillo, William; Earle, Kevin; Goodliff, Kandyce; Reeves, J. D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Cirillo, W (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 462, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM william.m.cirillo@nasa.gov; kevin.d.earle@nasa.gov;
kandyce.e.goodliff@nasa.gov; john.d.reeves@nasa.gov;
andraschko@ama-inc.com; merrill@ama-inc.com; chel.stromgren@saic.com
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU DIPTEM UNIV GENOA
PI GENOA
PA VIA OPERA OUA 15, GENOA, 16145, ITALY
BN 978-88-903724-1-4
PY 2008
BP 148
EP 157
PG 10
WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BVB60
UT WOS:000290972100021
ER
PT J
AU Landis, GA
AF Landis, Geoffrey A.
TI Teleoperation from Mars orbit: A proposal for human exploration
SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 55th International-Astronautical-Federation Congress (IAF)
CY OCT 04-08, 2004
CL Vancouver, CANADA
SP Int Astronaut Federat
AB An effective program for Mars exploration should proceed in steps. The best strategy for the initial human missions to Mars may be to put the humans into Mars orbit and explore the surface by telerobotic operation. This could provide the benefits of human exploration at greatly reduced risk and cost. Telecontrol of Mars surface robots from a Mars-orbital habitat would give human nearly "real time" virtual presence with minimum time delay, allowing high-fidelity virtual exploration of the surface. It is a cheaper, simpler, and safer way to explore, and hence it will be a faster way to investigate a wide variety of locations, from the polar caps to near-equatorial canyon regions. Teleoperation also enhances planetary protection in both directions, protecting Mars from contamination by Earth life and keeping humans from exposure to possible Mars microbes, and has the potential for valuable spin-off technologies. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 NASA, John Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Landis, GA (reprint author), NASA, John Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM geoffrey.a.landis@nasa.gov
NR 17
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0094-5765
J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT
JI Acta Astronaut.
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 62
IS 1
BP 59
EP 65
DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.12.049
PG 7
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA 244AH
UT WOS:000251837900009
ER
PT J
AU Phillips, DJ
Laycock, RL
Cole, ST
Walker, WW
Moultrie, SD
Reinhardt, JC
Fork, RL
Howell, JT
AF Phillips, Dane J.
Laycock, Rustin L.
Cole, Spencer T.
Walker, Wesley W.
Moultrie, Sean D.
Reinhardt, John C.
Fork, Richard L.
Howell, Joe T.
TI Technology demonstrations and flight experiments validating an optical
energy infrastructure for Earth-Moon space
SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA
LA English
DT Article
AB We identify four technical advances that appear necessary to producing an optical power infrastructure in Earth-Moon space as well as specific experiments and demonstrations designed to validate those technical advances. The four advances are: (1) the ability to concentrate sunlight to an integrated power density per unit area that approximates the saturation intensity for a useful laser transition (e.g., 4 kW/cm(2) for Nd:YAG) in a volume that matches the lowest order Gaussian mode of free space in a near confocal resonator of practical dimensions (e.g. a resonator a few meters in length) having a cross sectional area adequate to produce substantial coherent output power (e.g., 100 kW or more); (2) provide a means of removing waste heat from the laser gain medium in a manner that reduces thermally induced distortion and stress to acceptable levels; (3) identify a specific realizable near confocal resonator of practical dimensions that will selectively and efficiently couple the solar pump power into a lowest order Gaussian mode having the needed cross sectional area; and (4) provide detailed design requirements for a photovoltaic receiver that will transform monochromatic optical power in space into electrical power at efficiencies that approach the theoretical maximum allowed for such devices (e.g. > 90%). (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Phillips, Dane J.; Laycock, Rustin L.; Cole, Spencer T.; Walker, Wesley W.; Moultrie, Sean D.; Reinhardt, John C.; Fork, Richard L.] Univ Alabama, Laser Sci & Engn Grp, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[Howell, Joe T.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Adv Projects Team, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Fork, RL (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Laser Sci & Engn Grp, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
EM forkr@uah.edu; joe.howell@nasa.gov
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0094-5765
J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT
JI Acta Astronaut.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2008
VL 62
IS 2-3
BP 185
EP 191
DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.12.057
PG 7
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA 247HR
UT WOS:000252069600008
ER
PT J
AU Zheng, QA
Song, YT
Lin, H
Hu, XM
Meng, JM
Wang, D
AF Zheng Quanan
Song Y Tony
Lin Hui
Hu Xiaomin
Meng Junmin
Wang Dan
TI On generation source sites of internal waves in the Luzon Strait
SO ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA
LA English
DT Article
DE ocean internal waves; solitary waves; Luzon Strait; satellite SAR image
ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; SOLITARY WAVES; PROPAGATION
AB This effort aims to determine the generation Source sites in the Luzon Strait for energetic, long-crest, transbasin internal waves (IW) observed in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). The roles of islands distributed on eastern side of the strait, Kuroshio, submarine ridges, shoaling thermocline, and strait configuration played in the IW generation are examined using the cruise data analysis, satellite data interpretation, and dynamical analysis. The islands and channels on eastern side of the strait are excluded from a list of possible IW source sites owing to their unmatched horizontal dimensions to the scale of IW crest line length, and the relative low Reynolds number. The Kuroshio has a potential to be a radiator for the long-crest IW disturbances, meanwhile, the Kuroshio west (east) wing absorbs the eastward (westward) propagating IW disturbance. Namely, the Kuroshio blockades the outside west-cast propagating IW disturbances. The 3-D configuration of the Luzon Strait is characterized by a Sudden, more than one order widening of the cross-section areas at the outlets on both sides, providing a favorable condition for 1W type initial disturbance formation. In the Luzon Strait, the thermocline is featured by a westward shoaling all the year around, providing the dynamical conditions for the amplitude growth (declination) to the westward (eastward) propagating IW type disturbance. Thus, to the west slope of western Submarine ridge at the western outlet of the Luzon Strait is a high possibility source sites for energetic, long-crest, transbasin IWs in the NSCS. The interpretation results of satellite SAR images during a 13 a period from 1995 to 2007 provide the convincing evidence for the conclusions.
C1 [Zheng Quanan; Wang Dan] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Song Y Tony] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Lin Hui; Wang Dan] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Space & Earth Informat Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Hu Xiaomin; Meng Junmin] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China.
RP Zheng, QA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM quan@atmos.umd.edu
NR 22
TC 8
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0253-505X
J9 ACTA OCEANOL SIN
JI Acta Oceanol. Sin.
PY 2008
VL 27
IS 3
BP 38
EP 50
PG 13
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 350WD
UT WOS:000259383400005
ER
PT J
AU Xu, Q
Zheng, QA
Lin, H
Liu, YG
Song, YT
Yuan, YL
AF Xu Qing
Zheng Quanan
Lin Hui
Liu Yuguang
Song Y Tony
Yuan Yeli
TI Dynamical analysis of mesoscale eddy-induced ocean internal waves using
linear theories
SO ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA
LA English
DT Article
DE ocean internal waves; mesoscale eddy; current field instability; SAR
image
ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; WARM-CORE RING; GULF-STREAM;
CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SOLITARY WAVES; SAR; CIRCULATION; TEHUANTEPEC;
GENERATION; FEATURES
AB This study aims to explore generation mechanisms of the ocean internal wave using the dynamical analysis methods based on linear theories. Historical cruise measurements and recent synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations of mesoscale eddies with diameter of several tells of kilometers to hundreds of kilometers show that the internal wave packets with wavelength of hundreds of meters to kilometer exist inside the mesoscale eddies. This coexistence phenomenon and inherent links between the two different scale processes are revealed in the solutions of governing equations and boundary conditions for the internal wave disturbance with a horizontally slowly variable amplitude in a cylindrical coordinate system. The theoretical solutions indicate that the instability of eddy current field provides the dynamical mechanism to internal wave generation. The derived dispersion relation indicates that the internal wave propagation is modified by the eddy current field structure. The energy equation of the internal waves clearly shows the internal wave energy increment comes from the eddy. The theoretical models are used it) explain the observation of the mesoscale eddy-induced internal waves off the Norwegian coast. The two-dimensional waveform solution of the anticyclonic eddy-induced internal wave packet appears as ring-shaped curves, which contains the typical features of eddy stream lines. The comparison of theoretical solutions to the structure of the internal wave packets oil SAR image shows a good agreement oil the major features.
C1 [Xu Qing; Zheng Quanan; Lin Hui] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Space & Earth Informat Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Zheng Quanan] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Liu Yuguang] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China.
[Song Y Tony] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Yuan Yeli] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Key Lab Marine Sci & Numer Modeling, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China.
RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Space & Earth Informat Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM xuqing215@yahoo.com.cn
NR 36
TC 3
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0253-505X
EI 1869-1099
J9 ACTA OCEANOL SIN
JI Acta Oceanol. Sin.
PY 2008
VL 27
IS 3
BP 60
EP 69
PG 10
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 350WD
UT WOS:000259383400007
ER
PT J
AU Chiu, LS
Chokngamwong, R
Xing, YK
Yang, RX
Shie, CL
AF Chiu Long S
Chokngamwong R
Xing Yukun
Yang Ruixin
Shie Chung-Lin
TI "Trends" and variations of global oceanic evaporation data sets from
remote sensing
SO ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA
LA English
DT Article
DE oceanic evaporaton; climate change; ENSO; Hadlay circulation
ID LATENT-HEAT FLUX; AIR-SEA FLUXES; SURFACE; VARIABILITY; PROJECT; SSM/I
AB The variability in global oceanic evaporation data sets was examined for the period 1988-2000. These data sets are satellite estimates based On bulk aerodynamic formulations and include the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Satellite-based Surface Turbulent Flux version 2 (GSSTF2) the Japanese-ocean flux using remote sensing observations (J-OFURO), and the Hamburg Ocean-Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite version 2 (HOAPS2). The National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis is also included for comparison. An increase in global average Surface latent heat flux (SLHF) can be observed in all the data sets. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) shows long-term increases that started around 1990 for all remote sensing data sets. The effect of Mt. Piuatubo eruption in 1991 is clearly evident in HOAPS2 but is independent of the long-term increase. Linear regression analyses show increases of 9. 4%, 13. 0%, 7. 3%, and 3. 9% for GSSTF2, J-OFURO, HOAPS2 and NCEP, for the periods of the data sets. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses show that the pattern of the first EOF of all data sets is consistent with a decadal variation associated with the enhancement of the tropical Hadley circulation, which is supported by other satellite observations. The second EOF of all four data sets is an ENSO mode, and the correlations between their time series and an SOI Lire 0.74, 0.71, 0.59, and 0.61 for GSSTF2, J-OFURO, HOAPS2, and NCEP in that order. When the Hadley modes are removed from the remote sensing data, the residue global increases are reduced to 2.2%, 7.3% and < 1% for GSSTF2, J-OFURO and HOAPS, respectively. If the ENSO mode is used as a calibration standard for the data sets, the Hadley mode is at least comparable to, if not larger than, the ENSO mode during our study period.
C1 [Chiu Long S; Chokngamwong R; Xing Yukun; Yang Ruixin] George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Shie Chung-Lin] UMBC CEST, Baltimore, MD USA.
[Chiu Long S; Chokngamwong R] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Space & Earth Informat Sci, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Shie Chung-Lin] NASA GSFC, Code 6131, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Chiu, LS (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
EM longchiu@cuhk.edu.hk
NR 34
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0253-505X
EI 1869-1099
J9 ACTA OCEANOL SIN
JI Acta Oceanol. Sin.
PY 2008
VL 27
IS 3
BP 124
EP 135
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 350WD
UT WOS:000259383400013
ER
PT S
AU Stebner, A
Padula, SA
Noebe, RD
Quinn, DD
AF Stebner, Aaron
Padula, Santo A., II
Noebe, Ronald D.
Quinn, D. Dane
BE Ahmadian, M
TI Characterization of Ni19.5Ti50.5Pd25Pt5 high-temperature shape memory
alloy springs and their potential application in aeronautics
SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SMART STRUCTURES AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS 2008
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems
CY MAR 10-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn
DE high-temperature shape memory alloy; shape memory effect; NiTiPdPt;
shape memory actuator; shape memory spring; helical actuator; surge
control; active structure; morphing structure
ID WIND-TUNNEL TEST; SMA ACTUATORS; DESIGN; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
AB Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been used as actuators in many different industries since the discovery of the shape memory effect, but the use of SMAs as actuation devices in aeronautics has been limited due to the temperature constraints of commercially available materials. Consequently, work is being done at NASA's Glenn Research Center to develop new SMAs capable of being used in high temperature environments. One of the more promising high-temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs) is Ni19.5Ti50.5Pd25Pt5. Recent work has shown that this material is capable of being used in operating environments of up to 250 degrees C. This material has been shown to have very useful actuation capabilities, demonstrating repeatable strain recoveries up to 2.5% in the presence of an externally applied load. Based on these findings, further work has been initiated to explore potential applications and alternative forms of this alloy, such as springs. Thus, characterization of Ni19.5Ti50.5Pd25Pt5 springs, including their mechanical response and how variations in this response correlate to changes in geometric parameters, are discussed. The effects of loading history, or training, on spring behavior were also investigated. A comparison of the springs with wire actuators is made and the benefits of using one actuator form as opposed to the other discussed. These findings are used to discuss design considerations for a surge-control mechanism that could be used in the centrifugal compressor of a T-700 helicopter engine.
C1 [Stebner, Aaron; Padula, Santo A., II; Noebe, Ronald D.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Stebner, A (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RI Stebner, Aaron/A-7685-2015
NR 26
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7114-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 6928
AR 69280X
DI 10.1117/12.775805
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Mechanical;
Optics
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics
GA BHW83
UT WOS:000257107800022
ER
PT S
AU Turner, TL
Cabell, RH
Cano, RJ
Silcox, RJ
AF Turner, Travis L.
Cabell, Randolph H.
Cano, Roberto J.
Silcox, Richard J.
BE Ahmadian, M
TI Testing of SMA-enabled active chevron prototypes under representative
flow conditions
SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SMART STRUCTURES AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS 2008
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems
CY MAR 10-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn
DE jet engine chevrons; active/adaptive chevrons; shape control; deflection
control; jet noise control; flow effectors; flow control; shape memory
alloys; Nitinol; embedded actuators
ID HYBRID COMPOSITES; SHAPE CONTROL; FABRICATION; ACTUATION; BEAMS
AB Control of jet noise continues to bean important research topic. Exhaust-nozzle chevrons have been shown to reduce jet noise, but parametric effects are not well understood. Additionally, thrust loss due to chevrons at cruise suggests significant benefit from active chevrons. The focus of this study is development of an active chevron concept for the primary purpose of parametric studies for jet noise reduction in the laboratory and secondarily for technology development to leverage for full scale systems. The active chevron concept employed in this work consists of a laminated composite structure with embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators, termed a SMA hybrid composite (SMAHC). SMA actuators are embedded on one side of the neutral axis of the structure such that thermal excitation, via joule heating, generates a moment and deflects the structure. The performance of two active chevron concepts is demonstrated in the presence of representative flow conditions. One of the concepts is shown to possess significant advantages for the proposed application and is selected for further development. Fabrication and design changes are described and shown to produce a chevron prototype that meets the performance objectives.
RP Turner, TL (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 463, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM t.l.turner@nasa.gov; randolph.h.cabell@nasa.gov;
roberto.j.cano@nasa.gov; r.j.silcox@nasa.gov
NR 31
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7114-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 6928
AR 69280Y
DI 10.1117/12.776309
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Mechanical;
Optics
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics
GA BHW83
UT WOS:000257107800023
ER
PT S
AU Bikkannavar, S
Ohara, C
Troy, M
AF Bikkannavar, Siddarayappa
Ohara, Catherine
Troy, Mitchell
BE Hubin, N
Max, CE
Wizinowich, PL
TI Autonomous Phase Retrieval Control for Calibration of the Palomar
Adaptive Optics System
SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, PTS 1-3
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems
CY JUN 23-28, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE WFSC; Phase Retrieval; Phase Diversity; MGS
AB An autonomous wavefront sensing and control software suite (APRC) has been developed as a method to calibrate the internal static errors in the Palomar Adaptive Optics system. An image-based wavefront sensing algorithm, Adaptive Modified Gerchberg-Saxton Phase Retrieval (MGS), provides wavefront error knowledge upon which actuator command voltages are calculated for iterative wavefront control corrections. This automated, precise calibration eliminates non-common path error to significantly reduce AO system internal error to the controllable limit of existing hardware, or can be commanded to prescribed polynomials to facilitate high contrast astronomy. System diagnostics may be performed through analysis of the wavefront result generated by the phase retrieval software.
C1 [Bikkannavar, Siddarayappa; Ohara, Catherine; Troy, Mitchell] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Bikkannavar, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 3
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 4
U2 4
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7225-0
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7015
AR 70155K
DI 10.1117/12.790676
PN 1-3
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics
GA BIP09
UT WOS:000261491700150
ER
PT S
AU Roberts, JE
Bouchez, AH
Angione, J
Burruss, RS
Cromer, JL
Dekany, RG
Guiwits, SR
Henning, JR
Hickey, J
Kibblewhite, E
McKenna, DL
Moore, AM
Petrie, HL
Shelton, JC
Thicksten, RPB
Trinh, T
Tripathi, R
Troy, M
Truong, T
Velur, V
AF Roberts, Jennifer E.
Bouchez, Antonin H.
Angione, John
Burruss, Rick S.
Cromer, John L.
Dekany, Richard G.
Guiwits, Stephen R.
Henning, John R.
Hickey, Jeff
Kibblewhite, Edward
McKenna, Daniel L.
Moore, Anna M.
Petrie, Harold L.
Shelton, J. Chris
Thicksten, Robert P. B.
Trinh, Thang
Tripathi, Renu
Troy, Mitchell
Truong, Tuan
Velur, Viswa
BE Hubin, N
Max, CE
Wizinowich, PL
TI Facilitizing the Palomar AO Laser Guide Star System
SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, PTS 1-3
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems
CY JUN 23-28, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE AO; LGS; Palomar
AB We describe the work that has gone into taking the sodium Laser Guide Star (LGS) program on the Palomar AO system from a successful experiment to a facility instrument. In particular, we describe the operation of the system, the BTO (beam transfer optics) system which controls the path of the laser in the dome, the aircraft safety systems and the optical systems which allow us to take advantage of the unique properties of the macro/micro pulse laser. In addition we present on sky performance results that demonstrate K-band Strehl ratios of up to 48%
C1 [Roberts, Jennifer E.; Angione, John; Burruss, Rick S.; Guiwits, Stephen R.; Shelton, J. Chris; Trinh, Thang; Troy, Mitchell; Truong, Tuan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Roberts, JE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7225-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 7015
AR 70152S
DI 10.1117/12.790042
PN 1-3
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics
GA BIP09
UT WOS:000261491700074
ER
PT S
AU Sidick, E
Basinger, SA
Redding, DC
AF Sidick, Erkin
Basinger, Scott A.
Redding, David C.
BE Hubin, N
Max, CE
Wizinowich, PL
TI An Improved Wavefront Control Algorithm for Large Space Telescopes
SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, PTS 1-3
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems
CY JUN 23-28, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE Wave-front sensing and control; adaptive optics; deformable mirrors;
space telescopes
AB Wavefront sensing and control is required throughout the mission lifecycle of large space telescopes such as James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). When an Optic Of Such a telescope is controlled with both surface-deforming and rigid-body actuators, the sensitivity-matrix obtained from the exit pupil wavefront vector divided by the corresponding actuator command value can sometimes become singular due to difference in actuator types and in actuator command values. In this paper, we propose a simple approach for preventing a sensitivity-matrix from singularity. We also introduce a new "minimum-wave front and optimal control compensator". It uses an optimal control gain matrix obtained by feeding back the actuator commands along with the measured or estimated wavefront phase information to the estimator, thus eliminating the actuator modes that are not observable in the wavefront sensing process.
C1 [Sidick, Erkin; Basinger, Scott A.; Redding, David C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Sidick, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Erkin.Sidick@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 10
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7225-0
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7015
AR 70154P
DI 10.1117/12.786679
PN 1-3
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics
GA BIP09
UT WOS:000261491700126
ER
PT S
AU Truong, TN
Bouchez, AH
Dekany, RG
Shelton, JC
Troy, M
Angione, JR
Burruss, RS
Cromer, JL
Guiwits, SR
Roberts, JE
AF Truong, Tuan N.
Bouchez, Antonin H.
Dekany, Richard G.
Shelton, Jean C.
Troy, Mitchell
Angione, John. R.
Burruss, Rick S.
Cromer, John L.
Guiwits, Stephen R.
Roberts, Jennifer E.
BE Hubin, N
Max, CE
Wizinowich, PL
TI Real-Time Wavefront Control Tor the PALM-3000 High Order Adaptive Optics
System
SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, PTS 1-3
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems
CY JUN 23-28, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE PALM-3000; AO; wavefront processor; GPU
AB We present a cost-effective scalable real-time wavefront control architecture based on off-the-shelf graphics processing units hosted in an ultra-low latency, high-bandwidth interconnect PC cluster environment composed of modules written in the component-oriented language of nesC. We demonstrate the architecture is capable of supporting the most computation and memory intensive wavefront reconstruction method (vector-matrix-multiply) at frame rates LIP to 2 KHz with latency under 250 mu s for the PALM-3000 adaptive optics systems, a state-of-the-art upgrade on the 5.1 meter Hale Telescope that consists of a 64x64 subaperture Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and a 3368 active actuator high order deformable mirror in series with a 349 actuator "woofer" DM. This architecture can easily scale up to support larger AO systems at higher rates and lower latency.
C1 [Truong, Tuan N.; Shelton, Jean C.; Troy, Mitchell; Angione, John. R.; Burruss, Rick S.; Guiwits, Stephen R.; Roberts, Jennifer E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Truong, TN (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Tuan.N.Truong@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 8
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7225-0
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7015
AR 70153I
DI 10.1117/12.790457
PN 1-3
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics
GA BIP09
UT WOS:000261491700095
ER
PT S
AU Wallace, JK
Angione, J
Bartos, R
Best, P
Burruss, R
Fregoso, F
Levine, BM
Nemati, B
Shao, M
Shelton, C
AF Wallace, J. Kent
Angione, John
Bartos, Randall
Best, Paul
Burruss, Rick
Fregoso, Felipe
Levine, B. Martin
Nemati, Bijan
Shao, Michael
Shelton, Chris
BE Hubin, N
Max, CE
Wizinowich, PL
TI Post-Coronagraph Wavefront Sensor for Gemini Planet Imager
SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, PTS 1-3
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems
CY JUN 23-28, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE interferometry; wavefront sensing; planet detection; coronagraphy
AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI)(1) will employ an apodized-pupil coronagraph to make direct detections of faint companions of nearby stars to a contrast level of the 10(-7) within a few lambda/D of the parent star. Such high contrasts from the ground require exquisite wavefront sensing and control both for the AO system as well as for the coronagraph. Un-sensed non-common path phase and amplitude errors after the wavefront sensor dichroic but before the coronagraph lead to speckles which limit the contrase. The calibration wavefront system for GPI will measure the complex wavefront at the system pupil before the apodizer and provide slow phase corrections to the AO system to mitigate errors that would cause a loss in contrast. Here we describe the low-order and high-order wavefront sensors that compose the calibration wavefront sensor, how they operate, and how their information is combined to form the wavefront estimate before the coronagraph. Detailed Simulations that show the expected performance for this wavefront sensor will be described for typical observing scenarios. Finally, we will show preliminary lab results from our calibration testbed that demonstrate the operation of the key hardware.
C1 [Wallace, J. Kent; Angione, John; Bartos, Randall; Best, Paul; Burruss, Rick; Fregoso, Felipe; Levine, B. Martin; Nemati, Bijan; Shao, Michael; Shelton, Chris] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Wallace, JK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM James.K.Wallace@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 4
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7225-0
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7015
AR 70156N
DI 10.1117/12.787258
PN 1-3
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics
GA BIP09
UT WOS:000261491700183
ER
PT S
AU Spuckler, CM
AF Spuckler, Charles M.
BE Schulz, U
Lin, HT
TI EFFECT OF AN OPAQUE REFLECTING LAYER ON THE THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF A
THERMAL BARRIER COATING
SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND INTERFACES II
SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 31st International Cocoa Beach Conference on Advanced Ceramics and
Composites
CY JAN 21-26, 2007
CL Daytona Beach, FL
ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; SCATTERING
AB A parametric study using a two-flux approximation of the radiative transfer equation was performed to examine the effects of an opaque reflective layer on the thermal behavior of a typical semitransparent thermal barrier coating on an opaque substrate. Some ceramic materials are semitransparent in the wavelength ranges where thermal radiation is important. Even with an opaque layer on each side of the semitransparent thermal barrier coating, scattering and absorption can have an effect on the heat transfer. In this work, a thermal barrier coating that is semitransparent up to a wavelength of 5 micrometers is considered. Above 5 micrometers wavelength, the thermal barrier coating is opaque. The absorption and scattering coefficient of the thermal barrier was varied. The thermal behavior of the thermal barrier coating with an opaque reflective layer is compared to a thermal barrier coating without the reflective layer. For a thicker thermal barrier coating with lower convective loading, which would be typical of a combustor liner, a reflective layer can significantly decrease the temperature in the thermal barrier coating and substrate if the scattering is weak or moderate and for strong scattering if the absorption is large. The layer without the reflective coating can be about as effective as the layer with the reflective coating if the absorption is small and the scattering strong. For low absorption, some temperatures in the thermal barrier coating system can be slightly higher with the reflective layer. For a thin thermal barrier coating with high convective loading, which would be typical of a blade or vane that sees the hot sections of the combustor, the reflective layer is not as effective. The reflective layer reduces the surface temperature of the reflective layer for all conditions considered. For weak and moderate scattering, the temperature of the TBC-substrate interface is reduced but for strong scattering, the temperature of the substrate is increased slightly.
C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44145 USA.
RP Spuckler, CM (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44145 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA
SN 0196-6219
BN 978-0-470-19634-2
J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC
PY 2008
VL 28
IS 3
BP 87
EP 98
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Materials Science
GA BQO23
UT WOS:000281438500010
ER
PT J
AU Stewart, D
Leiser, D
AF Stewart, David
Leiser, Daniel
TI Thermal composite withstands 1970K on hypersonic vehicles
SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES
LA English
DT News Item
C1 [Stewart, David; Leiser, Daniel] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Stewart, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU ASM INT
PI MATERIALS PARK
PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002
USA
SN 0882-7958
J9 ADV MATER PROCESS
JI Adv. Mater. Process.
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 166
IS 1
BP 16
EP 16
PG 1
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 255IF
UT WOS:000252650900012
ER
PT J
AU Kindler, A
AF Kindler, Andrew
TI Direct methanol fuel cell is more energy efficient
SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES
LA English
DT News Item
C1 CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Kindler, A (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU ASM INT
PI MATERIALS PARK
PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002
USA
SN 0882-7958
J9 ADV MATER PROCESS
JI Adv. Mater. Process.
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 166
IS 1
BP 23
EP 23
PG 1
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 255IF
UT WOS:000252650900026
ER
PT S
AU Lehan, JP
Saha, T
Zhang, WW
Rohrbach, SO
Chan, KW
Hadjimichael, T
Hong, M
Davis, W
AF Lehan, J. P.
Saha, T.
Zhang, W. W.
Rohrbach, S. Owens
Chan, K. -W.
Hadjimichael, T.
Hong, M.
Davis, W.
BE Atad-Ettedgui, E
Lemke, D
TI Some considerations for precision metrology of thin x-ray mirrors - art.
no. 701815
SO ADVANCED OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TELESCOPES AND
INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1-3
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Advanced Optical and Mechanical Technologies
in Telescopes and Instrumentation
CY JUN 23-28, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE x-ray telescopes; Constellation-X; mirror mounting; optomechanics
ID OPTICS
AB Determination of the shape of very thin x-ray mirrors employed in spaced-based telescopes continues to be challenging. The mirrors' shapes are not readily deduced to the required accuracy because the mount induced distortions are often larger than the uncertainty tolerable for the mission metrology. In addition to static deformations, dynamic and thermal considerations are exacerbated for this class of mirrors. We report on the performance of one temporary mounting scheme for the thin glass mirrors for the Constellation-X mission and prospects for deducing their undistorted shapes.
C1 [Lehan, J. P.; Chan, K. -W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
RP Lehan, JP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7228-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7018
BP 1815
EP 1815
DI 10.1117/12.789798
PN 1-3
PG 8
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics,
Applied
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics
GA BII90
UT WOS:000259919200034
ER
PT S
AU Lay, OP
Dubovitsky, S
Shaddock, DA
Ware, B
Woodruff, CS
AF Lay, Oliver P.
Dubovitsky, Serge
Shaddock, Daniel A.
Ware, Brent
Woodruff, Christopher S.
BE Atad-Ettedgui, E
Lemke, D
TI Range-Gated Metrology: an ultra-compact sensor for dimensional
stabilization - art. no. 70181A
SO ADVANCED OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TELESCOPES AND
INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1-3
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Advanced Optical and Mechanical Technologies
in Telescopes and Instrumentation
CY JUN 23-28, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE Laser metrology
AB Point-to-point laser metrology systems can be used to stabilize large structures at the nanometer levels required for precision optical systems. Existing sensors are large and intrusive, however, with optical heads that consist of several optical elements and require multiple optical fiber connections. The use of point-to-point laser metrology has therefore been limited to applications where only a few gauges are needed and there is sufficient space to accommodate them.
Range-Gated Metrology is a signal processing technique that preserves nanometer-level or better performance while enabling: (1) a greatly simplified optical head - a single fiber optic collimator - that can be made very compact, and (2) a single optical fiber connection that is readily multiplexed. This combination of features means that it will be straightforward and cost-effective to embed tens or hundreds of compact metrology gauges to stabilize a large structure.
In this paper we describe the concept behind Range-Gated Metrology, demonstrate the performance in a laboratory environment, and give examples of how such a sensor system might be deployed.
C1 [Lay, Oliver P.; Dubovitsky, Serge; Shaddock, Daniel A.; Ware, Brent; Woodruff, Christopher S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Lay, OP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RI Shaddock, Daniel/A-7534-2011
OI Shaddock, Daniel/0000-0002-6885-3494
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7228-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7018
BP A181
EP A181
DI 10.1117/12.789437
PN 1-3
PG 8
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics,
Applied
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics
GA BII90
UT WOS:000259919200039
ER
PT S
AU Baffes, C
Mast, T
Nelson, J
Ponslet, E
Stephens, V
Stepp, L
Williams, EC
AF Baffes, Curtis
Mast, Terry
Nelson, Jerry
Ponslet, Eric
Stephens, Vince
Stepp, Larry
Williams, Eric C.
BE Atad-Ettedgui, E
Lemke, D
TI Primary Mirror Segmentation Studies for the Thirty Meter Telescope -
art. no. 70180S
SO ADVANCED OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TELESCOPES AND
INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1-3
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Advanced Optical and Mechanical Technologies
in Telescopes and Instrumentation
CY JUN 23-28, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE mirror; segment; segmentation; deformation; optics; correction; scaling;
projection; irregularity
AB The Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) project, a partnership between ACURA, Caltech, and the University of California, is Currently developing a 30-meter diameter optical telescope. The primary mirror will be composed of 492 low expansion glass segments. Each segment is hexagonal, nominally measuring 1.44m across the corners. Because the TMT primary mirror is Curved (i.e. not flat) and segmented With uniform 2.5mm nominal gaps, the resulting hexagonal segment outlines cannot all be identical. All segmentation approaches Studied result in some combination of shape and size variations. These variations range from fractions of a millimeter to several millimeters. Segmentation schemes for the TMT primary mirror are described in some detail. Various segmentation approaches are considered, with the goal being to minimize various measures of shape variation between segments, thereby reducing overall design complexity and cost. Two radial scaling formulations are evaluated for their effectiveness at achieving these goals. Optimal tuning of these formulations and detailed statistics of the resulting segment shapes are provided. Finally, we present the rationale used for selecting the preferred segmentation approach for TMT.
C1 [Baffes, Curtis] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Baffes, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
OI Baffes, Curtis/0000-0001-8366-482X
NR 3
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7228-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7018
BP S180
EP S180
DI 10.1117/12.790206
PN 1-3
PG 15
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics,
Applied
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics
GA BII90
UT WOS:000259919200024
ER
PT J
AU Mazaheri, AR
Ahmadi, G
Gamwo, IK
AF Mazaheri, Ali R.
Ahmadi, Goodarz
Gamwo, Isaac K.
TI Temperature distribution in a demonstration-scale filter vessel with and
without ash bridging
SO ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE numerical simulation; filter vessel; computational fluid dynamics; ash
bridging
ID OPERATIONAL FILTRATION DATA; PARTICLE-TRANSPORT; GAS-FLOW; DEPOSITION;
PLANT; WILSONVILLE
AB The influence of ash bridging on the temperature distribution of the ceramic filters of a demonstration-scale filter vessel is analyzed. The Reynolds stress turbulence model of FLUENT T code is used to study the gas flow behavior inside the filter vessel. Particle equations of motions are employed, and transport and deposition of the micron-size aerosols are studied. Computational results predict that ash bridging leads to a non-uniform temperature distribution along the ceramic candle filters in the bridging region. The analyses of ash bridging deposition on the internal surfaces of the filter show that the absence of ash bridging tends to promote the deposition of particles of 10 mu m on the surfaces. (c) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden and Society of Powder Technology, Japan, 2008.
C1 [Mazaheri, Ali R.; Ahmadi, Goodarz] Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA.
[Gamwo, Isaac K.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA.
RP Mazaheri, AR (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, AMA Inc, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM ali_r_mazaheri@yahoo.com
NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
PI LEIDEN
PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-8831
J9 ADV POWDER TECHNOL
JI Adv. Powder Technol.
PY 2008
VL 19
IS 2
BP 101
EP 117
DI 10.1163/156855208X293772
PG 17
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA 286FT
UT WOS:000254832100001
ER
PT J
AU Kozma, R
Huntsberger, T
Aghazarian, H
Tunstel, E
Ilin, R
Freeman, WJ
AF Kozma, Robert
Huntsberger, Terry
Aghazarian, Hrand
Tunstel, Eddie
Ilin, Roman
Freeman, Walter J.
TI Intentional Control for Planetary Rover SRR
SO ADVANCED ROBOTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Bio-inspired control; intentional dynamics; planetary rover; SRR;
self-organized development
ID ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; MODEL; NAVIGATION; SYSTEMS; ARCHITECTURE; PATTERNS;
ROBOTS
AB Intentional behavior is a basic property of intelligence, and it incorporates the cyclic operation of prediction, testing by action, sensing, perceiving and assimilating the experienced features. Intentional neurodynamic principles are applied for on-line processing of multisensory inputs and for the generation of dynamic behavior using the SRR (Sample Return Rover) platform at the indoor facility of the Planetary Robotics Laboratory, Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The studied sensory modalities include CMOS camera vision, orientation based on an internal motion unit and accelerometer signals. The control architecture employs a biologically inspired dynamic neural network operating on the principle of chaotic neural dynamics manifesting intentionality in the style of mammalian brains. Learning is based on Hebbian rules coupled with reinforcement. The central issue of this work is to study how the developed control system builds associations between the sensory modalities to achieve robust autonomous action selection. The proposed system builds such associations in a sell'-organized way and it is called Self-Organized Development of Autonomous Adaptive Systems (SODAS). This system operates autonomously, without the need for human intervention, which is a potentially very beneficial feature in challenging environments, such as encountered in space explorations at remote planetary environments. The experiments illustrate obstacle avoidance combined with goal-oriented navigation by the SRR robot using SODAS control principles. (c) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden and The Robotics Society of Japan, 2008
C1 [Kozma, Robert; Ilin, Roman] Univ Memphis, Computat NeuroDynam Lab, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
[Huntsberger, Terry; Aghazarian, Hrand] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Planetary Robot Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Tunstel, Eddie] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Freeman, Walter J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Neurobiol, MCB, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Kozma, R (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Computat NeuroDynam Lab, 373 Dunn, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
EM rkozma@memphis.edu
RI Kozma, Robert/C-6365-2013
NR 46
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 4
PU VSP BV
PI LEIDEN
PA BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-1864
J9 ADV ROBOTICS
JI Adv. Robot.
PY 2008
VL 22
IS 12
BP 1309
EP 1327
DI 10.1163/156855308X344846
PG 19
WC Robotics
SC Robotics
GA 398DM
UT WOS:000262712800004
ER
PT S
AU Sidick, E
AF Sidick, Erkin
BE Gonglewski, JD
Carreras, RA
Rhoadarmer, TA
TI Dependence of Adaptive Cross-Correlation Algorithm Performance on the
Extended Scene Image Quality
SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VI
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices, and
Applications
CY AUG 14, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Adaptive optics; Shack-Hartmann sensor; extended scene; remote imaging;
wave-front sensing and control
AB Recently, we reported an adaptive cross-correlation (ACC) algorithm to estimate with high accuracy the shift as large as several pixels between two extended-scene sub-images captured by a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. It determines the positions of all extended-scene image cells relative to a reference cell in the same frame using ail FFT-based iterative image-shifting algorithm. It works with both point-source spot images as well as extended scene images. We have demonstrated previously based on some measured images that the ACC algorithm can determine image shifts with as high an accuracy as 0.01 pixel for shifts as large 3 pixels, and yield similar results for both point source spot images and extended scene images. The shift estimate accuracy of the ACC algorithm depends oil illumination level, background, and scene content in addition to the amount of the shift between two image cells. In this paper we investigate how the performance of the ACC algorithm depends on the quality and the frequency content of extended scene images captured by a Shack-Hartmann camera. We also compare the performance of the ACC algorithm with those of several other approaches, and introduce a failsafe criterion for the ACC algorithm-based extended scene Shack-Hatmann sensors.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Sidick, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Sidick@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7313-4
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7093
DI 10.1117/12.793005
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics
GA BIQ10
UT WOS:000261799300011
ER
PT S
AU Hatamleh, O
Hackel, L
Forth, S
AF Hatamleh, Omar
Hackel, Lloyd
Forth, Scott
BE Lee, C
Lee, JB
Park, DH
Na, SJ
TI Effects of different R ratios on fatigue crack growth in laser peened
friction stir welds
SO ADVANCED WELDING AND MICRO JOINING / PACKAGING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY
SE Materials Science Forum
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea (IWJC-Korea 2007)
CY MAY 10-12, 2007
CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA
DE friction stir welding; laser peening; shot peening; fatigue crack growth
ID ALUMINUM-ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR
AB The influence of laser peening on the fatigue crack growth behavior of friction stir welded (FSW) Aluminum Alloy (AA) 7075-T7351 sheets was investigated. The surface modification resulting from the peening process on the fatigue crack growth of FSW was assessed for two different R ratios. The investigation indicated a significant decrease in fatigue crick growth rates resulting from using laser shock peening compared with unpeened, welded and unwelded specimens. The slower fatigue crack growth rate was attributed to the compressive residual stresses induced by the peening.
C1 [Hatamleh, Omar] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Struct & Dynam Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Hackel, Lloyd] Metal Improvement Co, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Forth, Scott] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Mat & Proc Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Hatamleh, O (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Struct & Dynam Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM omar.hatamleh@nasa.gov; Lloyd_hackel@mic.com; scott.c.forth@nasa.gov
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI DURNTEN-ZURICH
PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
SN 0255-5476
J9 MATER SCI FORUM
PY 2008
VL 580-582
BP 675
EP +
PG 3
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BIC36
UT WOS:000258372000160
ER
PT S
AU Salem, J
Zhu, DM
AF Salem, Jonathan
Zhu, Dongming
BE Franks, LP
TI A Collection of Papers Presented at the 31st International Conference on
Advanced Ceramics and Composites January 21-26, 2007 Daytona Beach,
Florida Introduction
SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC ARMOR III
SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites
CY JAN 21-26, 2007
CL Daytona Beach, FL
SP Amer Ceram Soc
C1 [Salem, Jonathan; Zhu, Dongming] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA.
RP Salem, J (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA
SN 0196-6219
BN 978-0-470-19636-6
J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC
PY 2008
VL 28
IS 5
BP XI
EP XII
PG 2
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA BSN04
UT WOS:000284980300001
ER
PT S
AU Smith, SM
Zwart, SR
AF Smith, Scott M.
Zwart, Sara R.
BE Makowski, GS
TI NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY OF SPACEFLIGHT
SO ADVANCES IN CLINICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 46
SE Advances in Clinical Chemistry
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; RENAL STONE FORMATION;
PROLONGED BED REST; LONG-DURATION SPACEFLIGHT; URINARY CALCIUM
EXCRETION; BODY NEGATIVE-PRESSURE; INTERNATIONAL-SPACE-STATION;
AMINO-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE
AB As we approach the end of the first 50 years of human space travel, much has been learned about adaptation to microgravity and the risks associated with extended-duration space exploration. As the frequency and duration of flights grew, nutrition issues became more critical and the questions to be answered became more complex: What are the nutrient requirements for space travelers? Can nutrients be used as tools to mitigate the negative effects of space travel on humans? How does nutrition interrelate with other physiological systems (such as muscle, bone, and cardiovascular system) and their adaptation to microgravity? Much research has been done over the decades in both actual spaceflight and ground-based analogs. We review here much of what is known, and highlight areas of ongoing research and concerns for future exploration of the Moon, Mars, and beyond.
C1 [Smith, Scott M.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Zwart, Sara R.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Div Space Life Sci, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Smith, SM (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
NR 303
TC 25
Z9 27
U1 3
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0065-2423
BN 978-0-12-374209-4
J9 ADV CLIN CHEM
JI Advan. Clin. Chem.
PY 2008
VL 46
BP 87
EP 130
DI 10.1016/S0065-2423(08)00403-4
PG 44
WC Medical Laboratory Technology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology
GA BIM47
UT WOS:000260841700003
PM 19004188
ER
PT S
AU Krishnan, VB
Bewerse, C
Notardonato, WU
Vaidyanathan, R
AF Krishnan, V. B.
Bewerse, C.
Notardonato, W. U.
Vaidyanathan, R.
BE Balachandran, UB
TI A thermal conduction switch based on low hysteresis nitift shape memory
alloy helical springs
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 54: TRANSACTIONS OF THE
INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials
Conference
CY JUL 16-20, 2007
CL Chattanooga, TN
SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments
DE NiTiFe; shape memory; R-phase; actuator; switch
AB Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators possess an inherent property of sensing a change in temperature and delivering significant force against external loads through a shape change resulting from a temperature-induced phase transformation. The utilization of a reversible trigonal (R-phase) to cubic phase transformation in NiTiFe SMAs allows for this strain recovery to occur with reduced hysteresis between the forward and reverse transformations. However, the magnitude of the strain recovery associated with the R-phase transformation is lower than that of the monoclinic to cubic phase transformation. The use of helical springs can compensate for this design constraint as they produce significant stroke when compared to straight elements such as thin strips and wires. This work reports on the development and implementation of NiTiFe helical springs in a low-hysteresis thermal conduction switch for advanced spaceport applications associated with NASA's requirements for future lunar and Mars missions. Such a low-hysteresis thermal conduction switch can provide on-demand heat transfer between two reservoirs at different temperatures.
C1 [Krishnan, V. B.; Bewerse, C.; Vaidyanathan, R.] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
[Notardonato, W. U.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
RP Krishnan, VB (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
FU NASA [NAG3-2751]
FX Support of NASA through grant NAG3-2751 is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 15
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0505-9
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 986
BP 3
EP +
PG 3
WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Physics
GA BHN11
UT WOS:000254421900001
ER
PT S
AU Tuttle, J
DiPirro, M
Canavan, E
Hait, T
AF Tuttle, J.
DiPirro, M.
Canavan, E.
Hait, T.
BE Balachandran, UB
TI Thermal properties of double-aluminized kapton at low temperatures
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 54: TRANSACTIONS OF THE
INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials
Conference
CY JUL 16-20, 2007
CL Chattanooga, TN
SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments
DE double-aluminized kapton; emissivity; resistivity; thermal conductivity
AB Double-aluminized kapton (DAK) is commonly used in multi-layer insulation blankets in cryogenic systems. NASA plans to use individual DAK sheets in lightweight deployable shields for satellites carrying instruments. A set of these shields will reflect away thermal radiation from the sun, the earth, and the instrument's warm side and allow the instrument's cold side to radiate its own heat to deep space. In order to optimally design such a shield system, it is important to understand the thermal characteristics of DAK down to low temperatures. We describe experiments which measured the thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity down to 4 Kelvin and the emissivity down to 10 Kelvin.
C1 [Tuttle, J.; DiPirro, M.; Canavan, E.; Hait, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Tuttle, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 552, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0505-9
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 986
BP 34
EP 41
PG 8
WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Physics
GA BHN11
UT WOS:000254421900005
ER
PT S
AU Scholtens, BE
Fesmire, JE
Sass, JP
Augustynowicz, SD
Heckle, KW
AF Scholtens, B. E.
Fesmire, J. E.
Sass, J. P.
Augustynowicz, S. D.
Heckle, K. W.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kelley, JP
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Lock, J
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI Cryogenic thermal performance testing of bulk-fill and aerogel
insulation materials
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials
Conference
CY JUL 16-20, 2007
CL Chattanooga, TN
SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments
DE cryogenic tanks; thermal insulation; granular materials; aerogel;
thermal conductivity; liquid nitrogen boiloff
AB Thermal conductivity testing under actual-use conditions is a key to understanding how cryogenic thermal insulation systems perform in regard to engineering, economics, and materials factors. The Cryogenics Test Laboratory at NASA's Kennedy Space Center tested a number of bulk-fill insulation materials, including aerogel beads, glass bubbles, and perlite powder, using a new cylindrical cryostat. Boundary temperatures for the liquid nitrogen boiloff method were 78 K and 293 K. Tests were performed as a function of cold vacuum pressure under conditions ranging from high vacuum to no vacuum. Results were compared with those from complementary test methods in the range of 20 K to 300 K. Various testing techniques are required to completely understand the operating performance of a material and to provide data for answers to design engineering questions.
C1 [Scholtens, B. E.; Fesmire, J. E.; Sass, J. P.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, KT E, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
[Augustynowicz, S. D.; Heckle, K. W.] Sierra Lob Inc, SLI 2, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
RP Scholtens, BE (reprint author), NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, KT E, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0504-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 985
BP 152
EP +
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics
SC Thermodynamics
GA BHP55
UT WOS:000255184700019
ER
PT S
AU Dietz, AJ
Audette, WE
Barton, MD
Hilderbrand, JK
Marshall, WS
Rey, CM
Winter, DS
Petro, AJ
AF Dietz, A. J.
Audette, W. E.
Barton, M. D.
Hilderbrand, J. K.
Marshall, W. S.
Rey, C. M.
Winter, D. S.
Petro, A. J.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kelley, JP
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Lock, J
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI Flow cooling of superconducting magnets for spacecraft applications
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials
Conference
CY JUL 16-20, 2007
CL Chattanooga, TN
SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments
DE turbo-Brayton; high temperature superconductor; magnet; cryocooler
AB The development and testing of a flow cooling system for high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets is described. The system includes a turbo-Brayton cryocooler, a magnet thermal interface, and a magnet thermal isolation and support system. The target application is the Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR). Turbo-Brayton coolers are well suited to such spacecraft applications, as they are compact, modular, lightweight, and efficient, with long maintenance-free lifetimes. Furthermore, the technology scales well to high-cooling capacities. The feasibility of using turbo-Brayton coolers in this application was proven in a design exercise in which existing cooler designs were scaled to provide cooling for the magnet sets required by 200 kW and 1 MW VASIMR engines. The performance of the concepts for the thermal interface and the thermal isolation and support system were measured in separate laboratory tests with a demonstration system built about a representative HTS magnet. Cooling for these tests was provided by a flow cooling loop comprising a compressor, recuperator and GM cryocooler, with the flow pressure, temperature, and mass flow rate selected to effectively simulate the turbo-Brayton operating condition. During system testing, the magnet was cooled below its design operating temperature of 35 K, and good thermal uniformity (<0.4 K) and low thermal loads (<0.5 W) were demonstrated.
C1 [Dietz, A. J.; Audette, W. E.; Barton, M. D.; Hilderbrand, J. K.] Creare Res & Dev Inc, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
[Marshall, W. S.; Rey, C. M.] Tai Yang Res Corp, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
[Winter, D. S.; Petro, A. J.] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Dietz, AJ (reprint author), Creare Res & Dev Inc, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
FU NASA [NNJ05JA17C]
FX This work was funded by NASA under Contract NNJ05JA17C.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0504-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 985
BP 291
EP +
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics
SC Thermodynamics
GA BHP55
UT WOS:000255184700036
ER
PT S
AU Feller, JR
Kashani, A
Helvensteign, BPM
Salerno, LJ
Kittel, P
Plachte, D
Christie, R
Carlberg, E
AF Feller, J. R.
Kashani, A.
Helvensteign, B. P. M.
Salerno, L. J.
Kittel, P.
Plachte, D.
Christie, R.
Carlberg, E.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kelley, JP
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Lock, J
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI Analysis of continuous heat exchangers for cryogenic boil-off reduction
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials
Conference
CY JUL 16-20, 2007
CL Chattanooga, TN
SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments
DE cryogen storage; cryocooler; heat transfer; heat exchanger
AB Cryogenic boil-off reduction systems (CBRS) employing continuous heat exchangers in pressurized helium distributed cooling networks for active thermal control of large surfaces such as propellant tank walls and light-weight radiation shields have been studied for some time. Usually, very simple and intuitive relations are used to derive such quantities as the pressure drop across the network and the required flow rate for a given heat load. Here, detailed thermal-fluid and heat transfer relations for such systems are formulated and then studied term by term in order to determine the conditions under which various approximations to them may reasonably be made. It is found that in most applications of interest, use of the simplified relations is justifiable.
C1 [Feller, J. R.; Salerno, L. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Kashani, A.; Helvensteign, B. P. M.] Atlas Sci, San Jose, CA 95120 USA.
[Kittel, P.] Consultant, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA.
[Plachte, D.] NASA GRC, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Christie, R.; Carlberg, E.] ASRC Aerospace, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Feller, JR (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
FU NASA's ISCPD [1] Program and the Propulsion and Cryogenic Advanced
Development (PCAD) Program
FX This work was funded by NASAs ISCPD [1] Program and the Propulsion and
Cryogenic Advanced Development (PCAD) Program.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0504-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 985
BP 401
EP +
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics
SC Thermodynamics
GA BHP55
UT WOS:000255184700049
ER
PT S
AU Takahashi, K
Kamiya, K
Nakagome, H
Numazawa, T
Shirron, R
Wegel, D
AF Takahashi, K.
Kamiya, K.
Nakagome, H.
Numazawa, T.
Shirron, R.
Wegel, D.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kelley, JP
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Lock, J
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI Development of a cryogen-free continuous ADR system for milli-gravity
experiments
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials
Conference
CY JUL 16-20, 2007
CL Chattanooga, TN
SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments
DE ADR; space cryogenics; airborne experiment
AB We are developing a multi-stage continuous adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (CADR) for milli-gravity experiments, which can provide cooling at ultra low temperatures. One of the greatest features of the ADR is that it doesn't depend on gravity. The CADR is designed to provide the high cooling power, 10 mu W at 50mK and 100 mu W at 100mK. The CADR is planned to conduct a cooling test under the milli-gravity condition in airborne flight experiments. This paper describes the developmental status of the CADR for milli-gravity experiments.
C1 [Takahashi, K.; Nakagome, H.] Chiba Univ, 1-33 Yayoi, Chiba 2638522, Japan.
[Takahashi, K.; Kamiya, K.; Numazawa, T.] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050003, Japan.
[Shirron, R.; Wegel, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Takahashi, K (reprint author), Chiba Univ, 1-33 Yayoi, Chiba 2638522, Japan.
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0504-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 985
BP 416
EP +
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics
SC Thermodynamics
GA BHP55
UT WOS:000255184700051
ER
PT S
AU Kashani, A
Helvensteijn, BPM
Feller, JR
Salerno, LJ
Kittel, P
AF Kashani, A.
Helvensteijn, B. P. M.
Feller, J. R.
Salerno, L. J.
Kittel, P.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kelley, JP
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Lock, J
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI A low temperature regenerator test facility
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials
Conference
CY JUL 16-20, 2007
CL Chattanooga, TN
SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments
DE regenerator testing; cryocooler; regenerator material; Zero Boiloff
AB Testing regenerators presents an interesting challenge. When incorporated into a cryocooler, a regenerator is intimately coupled to the other components: expander, heat exchangers, and compressor. It is difficult to isolate the performance of any single component. We have developed a low temperature test facility that will allow us to separate the performance of the regenerator from the rest of the cryocooler. The purpose of the facility is the characterization of test regenerators using novel materials and/or geometries in temperature ranges down to 15 K. It consists of the following elements: The test column has two regenerators stacked in series. The coldest stage regenerator is the device under test. The warmer stage regenerator contains a stack of stainless steel screen, a well-characterized material. A commercial cryocooler is used to fix the temperatures at both ends of the test regenerator, cooling both heat exchangers flanging the regenerator stack. Heaters allow varying the temperatures and allow measurement of the remaining cooling power, and thus, regenerator effectiveness. A linear compressor delivers an oscillating pressure to the regenerator assembly. An inertance tube and reservoir provide the proper phase difference between mass flow and pressure. This phase shift, along with the imposed temperature differential, simulates the conditions of the test regenerator when used in an actual pulse tube cryocooler. This paper presents development details of the regenerator test facility, and test results on a second stage, stainless steel screen test regenerator.
C1 [Kashani, A.; Helvensteijn, B. P. M.] Atlas Sci, San Jose, CA 95120 USA.
[Feller, J. R.; Salerno, L. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Kittel, P.] Consultant, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA.
RP Kashani, A (reprint author), Atlas Sci, San Jose, CA 95120 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0504-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 985
BP 707
EP +
PG 3
WC Thermodynamics
SC Thermodynamics
GA BHP55
UT WOS:000255184700087
ER
PT S
AU Fesmire, JE
Augustynowicz, SD
Scholtens, BE
AF Fesmire, J. E.
Augustynowicz, S. D.
Scholtens, B. E.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kelley, JP
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Lock, J
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI Robust multilayer insulation for cryogenic systems
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials
Conference
CY JUL 16-20, 2007
CL Chattanooga, TN
SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments
DE thermal insulation; multilayer insulation; aerogels; liquid nitrogen
boil-off; heat transfer; vacuum
AB New requirements for thermal insulation include robust Multilayer insulation (MLI) systems that work for a range of environments from high vacuum to no vacuum. Improved MLI systems must be simple to install and maintain while meeting the life-cycle cost and thermal performance objectives. Performance of actual MLI systems has been previously shown to be much worse than ideal MLI. Spacecraft that must contain cryogens for both lunar service (high vacuum) and ground launch operations (no vacuum) are planned. Future cryogenic spacecraft for the soft vacuum environment of Mars are also envisioned. Industry products using robust MLI can benefit from improved cost-efficiency and system safety. Novel materials have been developed to operate as excellent thermal insulators at vacuum levels that are much less stringent than the absolute high vacuum requirement of current MLI systems. One such robust system, Layered Composite Insulation (LCI), has been developed by the Cryogenics Test Laboratory at NASA Kennedy Space Center. The experimental testing and development of LCI is the focus of this paper. LCI thermal performance under cryogenic conditions is shown to be six times better am MLI at soft vacuum and similar to MLI at high vacuum. The experimental apparent thermal conductivity (k-value) and heat flux data for LCI systems are compared with other MLI systems.
C1 [Fesmire, J. E.; Scholtens, B. E.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, KT E, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
[Augustynowicz, S. D.] Sierra Lobo Inc, SLI 2, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
RP Fesmire, JE (reprint author), NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, KT E, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
NR 15
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0504-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 985
BP 1359
EP +
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics
SC Thermodynamics
GA BHP55
UT WOS:000255184700166
ER
PT S
AU Sass, JP
Fesmire, JE
Nagy, ZF
Sojourner, SJ
Morris, DL
Augustynowicz, SD
AF Sass, J. P.
Fesmire, J. E.
Nagy, Z. F.
Sojourner, S. J.
Morris, D. L.
Augustynowicz, S. D.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kelley, JP
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Lock, J
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI Thermal performance comparison of glass microsphere and perlite
insulation systems for liquid hydrogen storage tanks
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials
Conference
CY JUL 16-20, 2007
CL Chattanooga, TN
SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments
DE cryogenic tanks; thermal insulation; granular materials; liquid hydrogen
boil-off; glass microspheres; bubbles; perlite
AB A technology demonstration test project was conducted by the Cryogenics Test Laboratory at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) to provide comparative thermal performance data for glass microspheres, referred to as bubbles, and perlite insulation for liquid hydrogen tank applications. Two identical 1/15(th) scale versions of the 3,200,000 liter spherical liquid hydrogen tanks at Launch Complex 39 at KSC were custom designed and built to serve as test articles for this test project. Evaporative (boil-off) calorimeter test protocols, including liquid nitrogen and liquid hydrogen, were established to provide tank test conditions characteristic of the large storage tanks that support the Space Shuttle launch operations. This paper provides comparative thermal performance test results for bubbles and perlite for a wide range of conditions. Thermal performance as a function of cryogenic commodity (nitrogen and hydrogen), vacuum pressure, insulation fill level, tank liquid level, and thermal cycles will be presented.
C1 [Sass, J. P.; Fesmire, J. E.; Morris, D. L.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, KTE, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
[Nagy, Z. F.; Augustynowicz, S. D.] Sierra Lobo Inc, SLI 2, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
[Sojourner, S. J.] ASRC Aerospace, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
RP Sass, JP (reprint author), NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, KTE, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
FU NASA Space Operations Mission Directorate
FX Funding for this research was provided by the NASA Space Operations
Mission Directorate
NR 8
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0504-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 985
BP 1375
EP +
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics
SC Thermodynamics
GA BHP55
UT WOS:000255184700168
ER
PT S
AU Fesmire, JE
Sass, JP
Nagy, Z
Sojourner, SJ
Morris, DL
Augustynowicz, SD
AF Fesmire, J. E.
Sass, J. P.
Nagy, Z.
Sojourner, S. J.
Morris, D. L.
Augustynowicz, S. D.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kelley, JP
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Lock, J
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI Cost-efficient storage of cryogens
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials
Conference
CY JUL 16-20, 2007
CL Chattanooga, TN
SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments
DE cryogenic tanks; thermal insulation; granular materials; liquid hydrogen
boiloff; glass bubbles; perlite
AB NASA's cryogenic infrastructure, which supports launch vehicle operations and propulsion testing, is reaching an age when major refurbishment is required. Key elements of this infrastructure are the large double-walled cryogenic storage tanks used for both space vehicle launch operations and rocket propulsion testing at various NASA field centers. Perlite powder has historically been the insulation material of choice for these applications, but new bulk-fill insulation materials, including glass bubbles and aerogel beads, have been shown to provide improved thermal and mechanical performance. Research was conducted on thermal performance to identify operational considerations and risks associated with using these new materials in large cryogenic storage tanks. The program was divided into three main areas: material testing (thermal conductivity and physical characterization), tank demonstration testing (liquid nitrogen and liquid hydrogen), and system studies (thermal modeling, granular physics, and insulation changeout). This research showed that more energy-efficient insulation solutions are possible for large-scale cryogenic storage tanks worldwide and summarized the operational requirements that should be considered for these applications.
C1 [Fesmire, J. E.; Sass, J. P.; Morris, D. L.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, KT E, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
[Nagy, Z.; Augustynowicz, S. D.] Sierra Lobo Inc, SLI 2, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
[Sojourner, S. J.] ASRC Aerospace, ASRC 45, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
RP Fesmire, JE (reprint author), NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, KT E, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
FU NASA Space Operations Mission Directorate under the research program
FX Funding was provided by the NASA Space Operations Mission Directorate
under the research program. New Materials and Technologies for
Cost-Efficient Storage and Transfer of Cryogens. We appreciate the
project leadership of Alexis Hongamen and Nancy Zeitlin and
contributions from engineers and scientists at the following
organizations: Florida State University, Clarkson University, Florida
Institute of Technology, 3M, PITPK Technologies, Technology
Applications, Inc., ACME Cryogenics, Cryogenic Technical Services,
United Space Alliance, Marshall Space Flight Center, Stennis Space
Center, and White Sands Test Facility.
NR 14
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0504-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 985
BP 1383
EP +
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics
SC Thermodynamics
GA BHP55
UT WOS:000255184700169
ER
PT S
AU Plachta, DW
Christie, RJ
Carlberg, E
Feller, JR
AF Plachta, D. W.
Christie, R. J.
Carlberg, E.
Feller, J. R.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kelley, JP
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Lock, J
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI Cryogenic propellant boil-off reduction system
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials
Conference
CY JUL 16-20, 2007
CL Chattanooga, TN
SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments
DE space cryogenics; thermal control; zero boil-off; pressure control;
propellant storage; cryocoolers
AB Lunar missions under consideration would benefit from incorporation of high specific impulse propellants such as LH2 and LO2, even with their accompanying boil-off losses necessary to maintain a steady tank pressure. This paper addresses a cryogenic propellant boil-off reduction system to minimize or eliminate boil-off. Concepts to do so were considered under the In-Space Cryogenic Propellant Depot Project. Specific to that was an investigation of cryocooler integration concepts for relatively large depot sized propellant tanks. One concept proved promising-it served to efficiently move heat to the cryocooler even over long distances via a compressed helium loop. The analyses and designs for this were incorporated into NASA Glenn Research Center's Cryogenic Analysis Tool. That design approach is explained and shown herein. Analysis shows that, when compared to passive only cryogenic storage, the boil-off reduction system begins to reduce system mass if durations are as low as 40 days for LH2, and 14 days for LO2. In addition, a method of cooling LH2 tanks is presented that precludes development issues associated with LH2 temperature cryocoolers.
C1 [Plachta, D. W.; Christie, R. J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Carlberg, E.] Artic Slope Res Corp, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Feller, J. R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Plachta, DW (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
NR 9
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0504-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 985
BP 1457
EP +
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics
SC Thermodynamics
GA BHP55
UT WOS:000255184700177
ER
PT S
AU Canavan, ER
Miller, FK
AF Canavan, E. R.
Miller, F. K.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kelley, JP
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Lock, J
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI Optimized heat interception for cryogen tank support
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B
SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials
Conference
CY JUL 16-20, 2007
CL Chattanooga, TN
SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments
DE cryogenics; tank support; heat interception
ID COOLED SHIELDS
AB We consider means for using the cooling available in boil-off gas to intercept heat conducted through the support structure of a cryogen tank. A one-dimensional model of the structure coupled to a gas stream gives an analytical expression for heat leak in terms of flow rate for temperature independent-properties and laminar flow. A numerical model has been developed for heat transfer on a thin cylindrical tube with an attached vent line. The model is used to determine the vent path layout that will minimize beat flow into the cryogen tank. The results are useful for a number of applications, but the one of interest in this study is the minimization of the boil-off in large cryopropellant tanks in low Earth and low lunar orbit.
C1 [Canavan, E. R.; Miller, F. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryogen & Fluids Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Canavan, ER (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryogen & Fluids Branch, Code 552, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Miller, Franklin/S-3931-2016
OI Miller, Franklin/0000-0001-5942-1991
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0504-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 985
BP 1467
EP 1474
PG 8
WC Thermodynamics
SC Thermodynamics
GA BHP55
UT WOS:000255184700178
ER
PT S
AU Flachbart, RH
Hastings, LJ
Hedayat, A
Nelson, SL
Tucker, S
AF Flachbart, R. H.
Hastings, L. J.
Hedayat, A.
Nelson, S. L.
Tucker, S.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kelley, JP
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Lock, J
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI Testing the effects of helium pressurant on thermodynamic vent system
performance with liquid hydrogen
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials
Conference
CY JUL 16-20, 2007
CL Chattanooga, TN
SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments
DE cryogenic; test; thermodynamic; vent; hydrogen; helium
AB In support of the development of a micro-gravity pressure control capability for liquid hydrogen, testing was conducted at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) with the Multipurpose Hydrogen Test Bed (MHTB) to evaluate the effects of helium pressurant on the performance of a spray-bar thermodynamic vent system (TVS). The testing, with an ambient heat leak of about 70 W and tank fill levels of 90, 50, and 25%, was performed for 14 days during August and September 2005. The TVS successfully controlled the tank pressure within a +/- 3.45 kPa band with various gaseous helium (GHe) masses in the ullage. Relative to pressure control with an "all hydrogen" ullage, the GHe presence resulted in 37 to 68% longer pressure reduction cycle durations, depending on the fill level, during the mixing/venting phase of the control cycle. Testing was also conducted to evaluate thermodynamic venting without the recirculation pump operating, at a very low fill level. Although ullage stratification was present, the ullage pressure was successfully controlled without the pump. It was evident that the spray-bar and heat exchanger configuration, which extended almost the entire length of the tank, enabled significant thermal energy removal from the ullage even without the pump operating.
C1 [Flachbart, R. H.; Hedayat, A.; Nelson, S. L.; Tucker, S.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Engn Directorate, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Hastings, L. J.] Alpha Technol Inc, Huntsville, AL 35801 USA.
RP Flachbart, RH (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Engn Directorate, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0504-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 985
BP 1483
EP +
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics
SC Thermodynamics
GA BHP55
UT WOS:000255184700180
ER
PT S
AU Hedayat, A
Nelson, SL
Hastings, LJ
Flachbart, RH
Vermilion, DJ
Tucker, SP
AF Hedayat, A.
Nelson, S. L.
Hastings, L. J.
Flachbart, R. H.
Vermilion, D. J.
Tucker, S. P.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kelley, JP
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Lock, J
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI Analyzing the use of gaseous helium as a pressurant with cryogenic
propellants with thermodynamic venting system modelling and test data
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials
Conference
CY JUL 16-20, 2007
CL Chattanooga, TN
SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments
DE cryogenic; pressurant; liquid nitrogen; liquid hydrogen; heat transfer;
data analysis
AB Cryogens are viable candidate propellants for NASA's Lunar and Mars exploration programs. To provide adequate mass flow to the system's engines and/or prevent feed system cavitation, gaseous helium (GHe) is frequently considered as a pressurant. A Thermodynamic Venting System (TVS) is designed to maintain tank pressure during low gravity operations without propellant resettling. Tests were conducted in the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Multi-purpose Hydrogen Test Bed (MHTB) to evaluate the effects of GHe pressurant on pressure control performance of a TVS with liquid hydrogen (LH2) and nitrogen (LN2) test liquids. The TVS used comprises a recirculation pump, a Joule-Thomson (J-T) expansion valve, and a parallel flow concentric tube heat exchanger combined with a longitudinal spray bar. A small amount of liquid extracted from the tank recirculation line was passed through the J-T valve and then through the heat exchanger, extracting thermal energy from the bulk liquid and ullage and thereby enabling pressure control. The LH2/GHe tests were performed at fill levels of 90%, 50%, and 25%, and LN2/GHe tests were conducted at fill levels of 50% and 25%. Moreover, each test was conducted with a specified tank ullage pressure control band. A one-dimensional TVS performance program was used to analyze and correlate the test data. Predictions were compared with test data of ullage pressure and temperature and bulk liquid saturation pressure and temperature.
C1 [Hedayat, A.; Nelson, S. L.; Flachbart, R. H.; Vermilion, D. J.; Tucker, S. P.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Hastings, L. J.] Alpha Technol Inc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Hedayat, A (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0504-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 985
BP 1491
EP +
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics
SC Thermodynamics
GA BHP55
UT WOS:000255184700181
ER
PT S
AU Jurns, JM
McQuillen, JB
AF Jurns, J. M.
McQuillen, J. B.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kelley, JP
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Lock, J
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI Bubble point measurements with liquid methane of a screen capillary
liquid acquisition device
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials
Conference
CY JUL 16-20, 2007
CL Chattanooga, TN
SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments
DE cryogenic fluids; fluid management; cryogenic fluid storage; liquefied
gasses; capillary
AB Liquid acquisition devices (LADs) can be utilized within a propellant tank in space to deliver single-phase liquid to the engine in low gravity. One type of liquid acquisition device is a screened gallery whereby a fine mesh screen acts as a "bubble filter" and prevents the gas bubbles from passing through until a crucial pressure differential condition across the screen, called the bubble point, is reached. This paper presents data for LAD bubble point data in liquid methane (LCH4) for stainless steel Dutch twill screens with mesh sizes of 325 X 2300 and 200 X 1400 wires per inch. Data is presented for both saturated and sub-cooled LCH4, and is compared with predicted values.
C1 [Jurns, J. M.] ASRC Aerosp Corp, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[McQuillen, J. B.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Jurns, JM (reprint author), ASRC Aerosp Corp, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
FU NASA Glenn Research Center Propulsion; Cryogenic Advanced Development
Project Office
FX This work is supported by the NASA Glenn Research Center Propulsion and
Cryogenic Advanced Development Project Office.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0504-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 985
BP 1499
EP +
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics
SC Thermodynamics
GA BHP55
UT WOS:000255184700182
ER
PT S
AU Majumdar, AK
Steadman, TE
Maroney, JL
Sass, JP
Fesmire, JE
AF Majumdar, A. K.
Steadman, T. E.
Maroney, J. L.
Sass, J. P.
Fesmire, J. E.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kelley, JP
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Lock, J
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI Numerical modeling of propellant boil-off in a cryogenic storage tank
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials
Conference
CY JUL 16-20, 2007
CL Chattanooga, TN
SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments
DE cryogenic tanks; thermal insulation; propellant boil-off; finite volume
method; conjugate heat transfer
AB A numerical model to predict boil-off of stored propellant in large spherical cryogenic tanks has been developed. Accurate prediction of tank boil-off rates for different thermal insulation systems was the goal of this collaborative effort. The Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program, which integrates flow analysis and conjugate heat transfer for solving complex fluid system problems, was used to create the model. Calculation of tank boil-off rate requires simultaneous simulation of heat transfer processes among liquid propellant, vapor ullage space, and tank structure. The reference tank for the boil-off model was the 850,000 gallon liquid hydrogen tank at Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at Kennedy Space Center, which is under study for future infrastructure improvements to support the Constellation program. The methodology employed in the numerical model was validated using a sub-scale model and tank. Experimental test data from a 1/15(th) scale version of the LC-39B tank using both liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen were used to anchor the analytical predictions of the subscale model. Favorable correlations between sub-scale model and experimental test data have provided confidence in full-scale tank boil-off predictions. These methods are now being used in the preliminary design for other cases including future launch vehicles.
C1 [Majumdar, A. K.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, ER43, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Steadman, T. E.; Maroney, J. L.] ESTS Grp, Jacobs Engn, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA.
[Sass, J. P.; Fesmire, J. E.] NASA, Kenneddy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
RP Majumdar, AK (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, ER43, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0504-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 985
BP 1507
EP +
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics
SC Thermodynamics
GA BHP55
UT WOS:000255184700183
ER
PT S
AU Brown, G
Jansen, R
Trudell, J
AF Brown, G.
Jansen, R.
Trudell, J.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kelley, JP
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Lock, J
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI High specific power motors in LN2 and LH2
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials
Conference
CY JUL 16-20, 2007
CL Chattanooga, TN
SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments
DE high power density motor; cryogenic motor; high specific power motor
AB A switched reluctance motor has been operated in liquid nitrogen (LN2) with a power density as high as that reported for any motor or generator. The high performance stems from the low resistivity of Cu at LN2 temperature and from the geometry of the windings, the combination of which permits steady-state rms current density up to 7000 A/cm(2), about 10 times that possible in coils cooled by natural convection at room temperature. The Joule heating in the coils is conducted to the end turns for rejection to the LN2 bath. Minimal heat rejection occurs in the motor slots, preserving that region for conductor. In the end turns, the conductor layers are spaced to form a heat-exchanger-like structure that permits nucleate boiling over a large surface area. Although tests were performed in LN2 for convenience, this motor was designed as a prototype for use with liquid hydrogen (LH2) as the coolant. End-cooled coils would perform even better in LH2 because of further increases in copper electrical and thermal conductivities. Thermal analyses comparing LN2 and LH2 cooling are presented verifying that end-cooled coils in LH2 could be either much longer or could operate at higher current density without thermal runaway than in LN2.
C1 [Brown, G.; Trudell, J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Jansen, R.] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA.
RP Brown, G (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0504-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 985
BP 1629
EP +
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics
SC Thermodynamics
GA BHP55
UT WOS:000255184700198
ER
PT B
AU Jacob, F
Schmugge, T
Olioso, A
French, A
Courault, D
Ogawa, K
Petitcolin, F
Chehbouni, G
Pinheiro, A
Privette, J
AF Jacob, Frederic
Schmugge, Thomas
Olioso, Albert
French, Andrew
Courault, Dominique
Ogawa, Kenta
Petitcolin, Francois
Chehbouni, Ghani
Pinheiro, Ana
Privette, Jeffrey
BE Liang, S
TI Modeling and inversion in thermal infrared remote sensing over vegetated
land surfaces
SO ADVANCES IN LAND REMOTE SENSING: SYSTEM, MODELING, INVERSION AND
APPLICATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 9th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in
Remote Sensing
CY OCT, 2005
CL Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resource Res, Beijing, PEOPLES R
CHINA
HO Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resource Res
ID DIRECTIONAL RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER CALCULATIONS;
DUAL ANGLE OBSERVATIONS; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; ENERGY-BALANCE; HEAT-FLUX;
EMISSIVITY SEPARATION; NATURAL SURFACES; NONISOTHERMAL SURFACES;
BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE
AB Thermal Infra Red (TIR) Remote sensing allows spatializing various land surface temperatures: ensemble brightness, radiometric and aerodynamic temperatures, soil and vegetation temperatures optionally sunlit and shaded, and canopy temperature profile. These are of interest for monitoring vegetated land surface processes: heat and mass exchanges, soil respiration and vegetation physiological activity. TIR remote sensors collect information according to spectral, directional, temporal and spatial dimensions. Inferring temperatures from measurements relies on developing and inverting modeling tools. Simple radiative transfer equations directly link measurements and variables of interest, and can be analytically inverted. Simulation models allow linking radiative regime to measurements. They require indirect inversions by minimizing differences between simulations and observations, or by calibrating simple equations and inductive learning methods. In both cases, inversion consists of solving an ill-posed problem, with several parameters to be constrained from few information.
Brightness and radiometric temperatures have been inferred by inverting simulation models and simple radiative transfer equations, designed for atmosphere and land surfaces. Obtained accuracies suggest refining the use of spectral and temporal information, rather than innovative approaches. Forthcoming challenge is recovering more elaborated temperatures. Soil and vegetation components can replace aerodynamic temperature, which retrieval seems almost impossible. They can be inferred using multiangular measurements, via simple radiative transfer equations previously parameterized from simulation models. Retrieving sunlit and shaded components or canopy temperature profile requires inverting simulation models. Then, additional difficulties are the influence of thermal regime, and the limitations of spaceborne observations which have to be along track due to the temperature fluctuations. Finally, forefront investigations focus on adequately using TIR information with various spatial resolutions and temporal samplings, to monitor the considered processes with adequate spatial and temporal scales.
C1 [Jacob, Frederic] INRA, IRD, UMR LISAH SupAgro, Lab Studies Interact Soils Agrosyst Hydrosyst, Montpellier, France.
[Schmugge, Thomas] New Mexico State Univ, Coll Agr, Las Cruces, NM USA.
[Olioso, Albert; Courault, Dominique] UMR CSE INRA UAPV, Natl Inst Agron Res, F-84914 Avignon, France.
[French, Andrew] USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA.
[Ogawa, Kenta] Univ Tokyo, Dept Geosyst Engn, Tokyo, Japan.
[Ogawa, Kenta] Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan.
[Petitcolin, Francois] ACRI ST, Sophia Antipolis, France.
[Chehbouni, Ghani] Inst Res Dev, Ctr Spatial Studies Biosphere, Toulouse, France.
[Pinheiro, Ana] NASA, GSFC, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Privette, Jeffrey] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
RP Jacob, F (reprint author), INRA, IRD, UMR LISAH SupAgro, Lab Studies Interact Soils Agrosyst Hydrosyst, Montpellier, France.
EM frederic.jacob@supagro.mra.fr
RI Jacob, Frederic/A-5946-2011;
OI Jacob, Frederic/0000-0002-2491-3096; Olioso, Albert/0000-0001-8342-9272
FU US ASTER Project of NASA's EOS-Terra Program (P.I. Thomas Schmugge); US
NASA EOS [03-EOS-02]; French PNTS program; French PNBC program; French
Inter Region MIP / PACA program; Department of Research, Development,
and International Relations of Purpan Graduate School of Agriculture;
ISPMSRS
FX This review article was possible thanks to numerous interactions,
discussions and scientific exchanges, in the framework of various
collaborations supported by several programs: the US ASTER Project of
NASAs EOS-Terra Program (P.I. Thomas Schmugge), the US NASA EOS Grant
03-EOS-02 (P.I. Andrew French), the French PNTS program (project P.Is.
Frederic Jacob and Albert Olioso), the French PNBC program (project P.I.
Jean Claude Menaut), the French Inter Region MIP / PACA program (project
P.I. Dominique Courault), and finally the program from the Department of
Research, Development, and International Relations of Purpan Graduate
School of Agriculture. Many thanks to the ISPMSRS 2005 sponsors for
permitting this symposium.
NR 263
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 10
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 978-1-4020-6449-4
PY 2008
BP 245
EP +
DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6450-0_10
PG 17
WC Remote Sensing
SC Remote Sensing
GA BHR96
UT WOS:000255865000010
ER
PT S
AU Hockey, BA
Rayner, M
Christian, G
AF Hockey, Beth Ann
Rayner, Manny
Christian, Gwen
BE Nordstrom, B
Ranta, A
TI Training statistical language models from grammar-generated data: A
comparative case-study
SO ADVANCES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS
SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Conference on Natural Language Processing
CY AUG 25-27, 2008
CL Chalmers Univ Technol, Gothenburg, SWEDEN
SP Ctr Language Technol, City Gothenburg, Lingsoft Ltd
HO Chalmers Univ Technol
AB Statistical language models (SLMs) for speech recognition have the advantage of robustness, and grammar-based models (GLMs) the advantage that they can be built even when little corpus data is available. A known way to attempt to combine these two methodologies is first to create a GLM, and then use that GLM to generate training data for an SLM. It has however been difficult to evaluate the true utility of the idea, since the corpus data used to create the GLM has not in general been explicitly available. We exploit the Open Source Regulus platform, which supports corpus-based construction of linguistically motivated GLMs, to perform a methodologically sound comparison: the same data is used both to create an SLM directly, and also to create a GLM, which is then used to generate data to train an SLM. An evaluation on a medium-vocabulary task showed that the indirect method of constructing the SLM is in fact only marginally better than the direct one. The method used to create the training data is critical, with PCFG generation heavily outscoring CFG generation.
C1 [Hockey, Beth Ann] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, UCSC UARC, Mail Stop 19-26, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Rayner, Manny] Univ Geneva, TIM ISSCO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
[Christian, Gwen] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Linguist, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Hockey, BA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, UCSC UARC, Mail Stop 19-26, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM bahockey@ucsc.edu; Emmanuel.Rayner@issco.unige.ch; gwenlle@gmail.com
FU Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS)
FX We would like to thank Nuance for giving us access to the proprietary
software used in this research.Work by Manny Rayner was funded by the
Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS) under the project A
Swiss Platform for Controlled Language Spoken Dialog Applications.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-540-85286-5
J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT
PY 2008
VL 5221
BP 193
EP +
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
SC Computer Science
GA BIE63
UT WOS:000258935200019
ER
PT J
AU Grugel, RN
Toutanji, H
AF Grugel, Richard N.
Toutanji, Houssam
TI Sulfur "concrete" for lunar applications - Sublimation concerns
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE sulfur concrete; lunar environment; sublimation; JSC-1 lunar simulant
ID VAPOR-PRESSURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS; VAPORIZATION; TUNGSTEN
AB Melting sulfur and mixing it with an aggregate to form "concrete" is commercially well established and constitutes a material that is particularly well-suited for use in corrosive environments. Discovery of the mineral troilite (FeS) on the moon poses the question of extracting the sulfur for use as a lunar construction material. This would be an attractive alternative to conventional concrete as it does not require water. However, the viability of sulfur concrete in a lunar environment, which is characterized by lack of an atmosphere and extreme temperatures, is not well understood. Here it is assumed that the lunar ore can be mined, refined, and the raw sulfur melded with appropriate lunar regolith to form, for example, bricks. This study evaluates pure sulfur and two sets of small sulfur concrete samples that have been prepared using JSG-1 lunar stimulant and SiO2 powder as aggregate additions. Each set was subjected to extended periods in a vacuum environment to evaluate sublimation issues. Results from these experiments are presented and discussed within the context of the lunar environment. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.
C1 [Grugel, Richard N.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Mat & Proc Lab, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Toutanji, Houssam] Univ Alabama, Dept Civil Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
RP Grugel, RN (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Mat & Proc Lab, EM30, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
EM richard.n.grugel@nasa.gov
NR 34
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 3
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 1
BP 103
EP 112
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.08.018
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 268OZ
UT WOS:000253590400013
ER
PT J
AU Podesta, JJ
AF Podesta, J. J.
TI Self-similar stochastic processes in solar wind turbulence
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE solar wind; turbulence; self-similar scaling; stochastic processes
AB Solar wind data is used to estimate the autocorrelation function for the stochastic process x(tau) = y(t + tau) - y(t), considered as a function of tau, where y(t) is any one of the quantities B-2(t), n(p)(t) V-2(t), or n(p()t). This process has stationary increments and a variance that increases like a power law tau(2y) where gamma is the scaling exponent. For the kinetic energy density and the proton density the scaling exponent is close to the Kolmogorov value gamma = 1/3, for the magnetic energy density it is slightly larger. In all three cases, it is shown that the autocorrelation function estimated from the data agrees with the theoretical autocorrelation function for a self-similar stochastic process with stationary increments and finite variance. This is far from proof, but it suggests that these stochastic processes may be self-similar for time scales in the small scale inertial range of the turbulence, that is, from approximately 10 to 10(3) s. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Solar & Space Phys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Podesta, JJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Solar & Space Phys, Code 612-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM jpodesta@solar.stanford.edu
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 1
BP 148
EP 152
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.07.008
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 268OZ
UT WOS:000253590400019
ER
PT J
AU Safrankova, J
Nemecek, Z
Prech, L
Koval, A
Cermak, I
Beranek, M
Zastenker, G
Shevyrev, N
Chesalin, L
AF Safrankova, J.
Nemecek, Z.
Prech, L.
Koval, A.
Cermak, I.
Beranek, M.
Zastenker, G.
Shevyrev, N.
Chesalin, L.
TI A new approach to solar wind monitoring
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE solar wind; magnetosheath; Faraday's cup; fast measurements
ID SATELLITE; FLOW
AB The monitoring of solar wind parameters is a key problem of the space weather program. We are presenting a new solution of plasma parameter determination suitable for small and fast solar wind monitors. The first version will be launched during the SPECTR-R project into a highly elongated orbit with apogee similar to 350,000 km. The method is based on simultaneous measurements of the total ion flux and ion integral energy spectrum by six identical Faraday cups. Three of them are dedicated to determination of the ion flow direction, the other three (equipped with control grids supplied by a retarding potential) are used for determination of the density, temperature, and speed of the plasma flow. The version under development is primarily designed for the measurements in the solar wind and tail magnetosheath, thus for velocities range from 270 to 750 km/s, temperatures from 1 to 30 eV, and densities up to 200 cm(-3). However, the instrument design can be simply modified for measurements in other regions with a substantial portion of low-energy plasma as a subsolar magnetosheath, cusp or low-latitude boundary layer. Testing of the engineering model shows that the proposed method can provide reliable plasma parameters with a high time resolution (up to 8 Hz). The paper presents not only the method and its technical realization but it documents all advantages and peculiarities of the suggested approach. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Safrankova, J.; Nemecek, Z.; Prech, L.; Beranek, M.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, CR-18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
[Koval, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20705 USA.
[Cermak, I.] CGC Instruments, D-09112 Chemnitz, Germany.
[Zastenker, G.; Shevyrev, N.; Chesalin, L.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Moscow 117997, Russia.
RP Safrankova, J (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, V Holesovickach 2, CR-18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
EM jana.safrankova@mff.cuni.cz
NR 15
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 1
BP 153
EP 159
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.08.034
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 268OZ
UT WOS:000253590400020
ER
PT J
AU Wu, CC
Lepping, RP
AF Wu, Chin-Chun
Lepping, R. P.
TI Geomagnetic activity associated with magnetic clouds, magnetic
cloud-like structures and interplanetary shocks for the period 1995-2003
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE magnetic cloud; geomagnetic storm; solar cycle; solar wind;
interplanetary shock; geomagnetic activity; sunspot number
ID SOLAR-WIND; 1 AU; STORMS; FIELD; MAGNETOSPHERE; SUBSTORMS; CMES
AB Using nine years (1995-2003) of solar wind plasma and magnetic field data, solar sunspot number, and geomagnetic activity data, we investigated the geomagnetic activity associated with magnetic clouds (MCs), magnetic cloud-like structures (MCLs), and interplanetary shock waves. Eighty-two MCs and one hundred and twenty-two MCLs were identified by using solar wind and magnetic field data from the WIND mission, and two hundred and sixty-one interplanetary shocks were identified over the period of 1995-2003 in the vicinity of Earth. It is found that MCs are typically more geoeffective than MCLs or interplanetary shocks. The occurrence frequency of MCs is not well correlated with sunspot number. By contrast, both occurrence frequency of MCLs and sudden storm commencements (SSCs) are well correlated with sunspot number. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wu, Chin-Chun] Univ Alabama, CSP AR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[Wu, Chin-Chun] Chinese Acad Sci, Key State Lab Space Weather, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
[Wu, Chin-Chun; Lepping, R. P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Univ Alabama, CSP AR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
EM wuc@cspar.uah.edu
NR 17
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 2
BP 335
EP 338
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.02.027
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 268PA
UT WOS:000253590500012
ER
PT J
AU Holmstrom, M
Collier, MR
Barabash, S
Brinkfeldt, K
Moore, TE
Simpson, D
AF Holmstrom, M.
Collier, M. R.
Barabash, S.
Brinkfeldt, K.
Moore, T. E.
Simpson, D.
TI Mars Express/ASPERA-3/NPI and IMAGE/LENA observations of energetic
neutral atoms in Earth and Mars orbit
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE low energy neutral atoms; heliospheric neutral atoms; heliospheric
asymmetry (D1.1 Structure and dynamics of the three dimensional
heliosphere)
ID 1 AU; HYDROGEN; FLOW
AB The low energy neutral atom imagers on Mars Express and IMAGE have revealed that the neutral atom populations in interplanetary space come from a variety of sources and challenge our current understanding of heliospheric physics. For example, both in cruise phase and at Mars, the neutral particle instrument NPD on Mars Express observed "unexplained neutral beams" unrelated to Mars which appear to be either of heliospheric or solar wind origin. Likewise, the NPI instrument on Mars Express has revealed streams of neutral atoms with different properties than those observed by NPD. Independently, IMAGE/LENA has reported neutral atom observations that may be interpreted as a "secondary stream" having different characteristics and flowing from a higher ecliptic longitude than the nominal upstream direction. Both sets of observations do not appear to fit in easily with the neutral atom environment from 1.0 to 1.57 AU as it is currently understood. In this paper, we examine some highly suggestive similarities in the IMAGE/LENA and Mars Express/ASPERA-3/NPI data to try to determine potential origins for the observed signal. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Holmstrom, M.; Barabash, S.; Brinkfeldt, K.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, S-98128 Kiruna, Sweden.
[Collier, M. R.; Moore, T. E.; Simpson, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Holmstrom, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 673, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM matsh@irf.se; Michael.R.Collier@nasa.gov; stas@irf.se; klas@irf.se;
Thomas.E.Moore@nasa.gov; David.G.Simpson@nasa.gov
RI Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012; Collier, Michael/I-4864-2013
OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137; Collier, Michael/0000-0001-9658-6605
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 2
BP 343
EP 350
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.09.011
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 268PA
UT WOS:000253590500014
ER
PT J
AU Miceli, M
Decourchelle, A
Ballet, J
Bocchino, F
Hughes, J
Hwang, U
Petre, R
AF Miceli, M.
Decourchelle, A.
Ballet, J.
Bocchino, F.
Hughes, J.
Hwang, U.
Petre, R.
TI A physical interpretation of the jet-like X-ray emission from supernova
remnant W49B
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE X-rays : ISM; ISM : supernova remnants; ISM : individual object : W49B
ID SHOCK; RADIO
AB In the framework of the study of supernova remnants and their complex interaction with the interstellar medium and the circumstellar material, we focus on the galactic supernova remnant W49B. Its morphology exhibits an X-ray bright elongated nebula, terminated on its eastern end by a sharp perpendicular structure aligned with the radio shell. The X-ray spectrum of W49B is characterized by strong K emission lines from Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe. There is a variation of the temperature in the remnant with the highest temperature found in the eastern side and the lowest one in the western side. The analysis of the recent observations of W49B indicates that the remnant may be the result of an asymmetric bipolar explosion where the ejecta are collimated along a jet-like structure and the eastern jet is hotter and more Fe-rich than the western one. Another possible scenario associates the X-ray emission with a spherical explosion where parts of the ejecta are interacting with a dense belt of ambient material. To overcome this ambiguity we present new results of the analysis of an XMM-Newton observation and we perform estimates of the mass and energy of the remnant. We conclude that the scenario of an anisotropic jet-like explosion explains quite naturally our observation results, but the association of W49B with a hypernova and a gamma-ray burst, although still possible, is not directly supported by any evidence. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Miceli, M.] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fis Astronomia, Sez Astronomia, I-90134 Palermo, Italy.
[Miceli, M.; Decourchelle, A.; Ballet, J.] CEA Saclay, AIM UMR 7158, DSM DAPNIA Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Miceli, M.; Bocchino, F.] INAF Osservatorio Astronom Palermo, I-90134 Palermo, Italy.
[Hughes, J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[Hwang, U.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Hwang, U.; Petre, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Miceli, M (reprint author), Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fis Astronomia, Sez Astronomia, Piazza Parlamento 1, I-90134 Palermo, Italy.
EM miceli@astropa.unipa.it
OI Bocchino, Fabrizio/0000-0002-2321-5616; Miceli,
Marco/0000-0003-0876-8391
NR 21
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 3
BP 390
EP 395
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.01.030
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 268PB
UT WOS:000253590600002
ER
PT J
AU Bamba, A
Yamaguchi, H
Koyama, K
Hiraga, JS
Holt, S
Hughes, JP
Katagiri, H
Kataoka, J
Katsuda, S
Kitamoto, S
Kokubun, M
Matsumoto, H
Miyata, E
Mori, K
Nakajima, H
Ozaki, M
Petre, R
Sekiguchi, A
Takahashi, T
Tanaka, T
Terada, Y
Tomida, H
Tsuboi, Y
Tsujimoto, M
Tsunemi, H
Uchiyama, Y
Ueno, M
Watanabe, S
AF Bamba, Aya
Yamaguchi, Hiroya
Koyama, KatsuJi
Hiraga, Junko S.
Holt, Steve
Hughes, John P.
Katagiri, Hideaki
Kataoka, Jun
Katsuda, Satoru
Kitamoto, Shunji
Kokubun, Motohide
Matsumoto, Hironori
Miyata, Emi
Mori, Koji
Nakajima, Hiroshi
Ozaki, Masanobu
Petre, Rob
Sekiguchi, Akiko
Takahashi, Tadayuki
Tanaka, Takaaki
Terada, Yukikatsu
Tomida, Hiroshi
Tsuboi, Yohko
Tsujimoto, Masahiro
Tsunemi, Hiroshi
Uchiyama, Yasunobu
Ueno, Masaru
Watanabe, Shin
TI Oxygen line mapping of SN 1006 with Suzaku
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE acceleration of particles; ISM : individual (SN 1006); X-rays : ISM
ID COSMIC-RAY ACCELERATION; SUPERNOVA-REMNANT; BOARD SUZAKU;
PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; SHOCK ACCELERATION; CASSIOPEIA; EMISSION;
DETECTOR
AB SN 1006 is one of the supernova remnants (SNRs) with relatively low-temperature electrons, considering the young age of just 1000 years. We carried out SN 1006 mapping observations with the X-ray Imaging Spectrometers (XIS) and the Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) onboard Suzaku, the fifth Japanese X-ray satellite. Thanks to the excellent spectral resolution of XIS in the soft X-ray band, H-like and He-like oxygen emission lines were clearly detected, and we could make a map of the line intensity, and as well as a flux and the photon index of nonthermal component. We found that these parameters have spatial dependences from region to region in the SNR; the north region is bright in nonthermal, while dim in thermal; the east region is bright in both nonthermal and thermal; the inner region shows dim nonthermal and bright thermal emission. The photon index is the smallest in the north region. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.
C1 [Bamba, Aya; Hiraga, Junko S.] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Grp, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan.
[Yamaguchi, Hiroya; Koyama, KatsuJi; Matsumoto, Hironori; Nakajima, Hiroshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
[Holt, Steve] Franklin W Olin Coll Engn, Needham, MA 02492 USA.
[Hughes, John P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[Katagiri, Hideaki] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan.
[Kataoka, Jun] Tokyo Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan.
[Katsuda, Satoru; Miyata, Emi; Tsunemi, Hiroshi] Osaka Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Astrophys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan.
[Kitamoto, Shunji; Sekiguchi, Akiko; Tsujimoto, Masahiro] Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1718501, Japan.
[Kokubun, Motohide] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan.
[Mori, Koji] Miyazaki Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Appl Phys, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan.
[Ozaki, Masanobu; Takahashi, Tadayuki; Tanaka, Takaaki; Uchiyama, Yasunobu; Watanabe, Shin] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Dept High Energy Astrophys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan.
[Petre, Rob] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Tomida, Hiroshi] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tsukuba Space Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan.
[Tsuboi, Yohko] Chuo Univ, Fac Sci & Engn, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1128551, Japan.
RP Bamba, A (reprint author), RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Grp, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan.
EM bamba@crab.riken.jp
RI Terada, Yukikatsu/A-5879-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; XRAY,
SUZAKU/A-1808-2009
OI Terada, Yukikatsu/0000-0002-2359-1857;
NR 19
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 3
BP 411
EP 415
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.03.055
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 268PB
UT WOS:000253590600006
ER
PT J
AU Terada, Y
Ishida, M
Mukai, K
Dotani, T
Makishima, K
Naik, S
Hayashi, T
Okada, S
Nakamura, R
Enoto, T
AF Terada, Y.
Ishida, M.
Mukai, K.
Dotani, T.
Makishima, K.
Naik, S.
Hayashi, T.
Okada, S.
Nakamura, R.
Enoto, T.
TI Possible Suzaku detection of non-thermal X-ray signals from a rotating
magnetized white dwarf
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE acceleration of particles; stars : white dwarfs; X-rays : individual (AE
Aquarii)
ID VARIABLE AE AQUARII; TEV GAMMA-RAYS; RADIO-EMISSION; CATACLYSMIC
VARIABLES; BOARD SUZAKU; AM HERCULIS; HXD-II; HOT PLASMA; ASTRO-E2;
DIAGNOSTICS
AB Although rotating neutron stars (NSs) have been regarded as being textbook examples of astrophysical particle acceleration sites for decades, details of the acceleration mechanism remain a mystery; for example, we cannot yet observationally distinguish "polar cap" models from "outer gap" models. To solve the model degeneracy, it is useful to study similar systems with much different physical parameters. Strongly magnetized white dwarfs (WDs) are ideal for this purpose, because they have essentially the same system geometry as NSs, but differ largely from NSs in the system parameters, including the size, magnetic field, and the rotation velocity, with the induced electric field expected to reach 10(13)-10(14) eV. Based on this idea, the best candidate among WDs, AE Aquarii, was observed with the fifth Japaneses X-ray satellite, Suzaku. The hard X-ray detector (HXD) on-board Suzaku has the highest sensitivity in the hard X-ray band over 10 keV. A marginal detection in the hard X-ray band was achieved with the HXD, and was separated from the thermal emission. The flux corresponds to about 0.02% of its spin-down energy. If the signal is real, this observation must be a first case of the detection of non-thermal emission from WDs. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Terada, Y.; Makishima, K.] RIKEN, Makishima Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan.
[Ishida, M.; Dotani, T.; Naik, S.; Okada, S.; Nakamura, R.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Dept High Energy Astrophys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan.
[Makishima, K.; Enoto, T.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan.
[Mukai, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Explorat Univ Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Hayashi, T.] Tokyo Metroporitan Univ, Tokyo 1920397, Japan.
RP Terada, Y (reprint author), RIKEN, Makishima Cosm Radiat Lab, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan.
EM terada@riken.jp
RI Terada, Yukikatsu/A-5879-2013; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009
OI Terada, Yukikatsu/0000-0002-2359-1857;
NR 44
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 3
BP 512
EP 517
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.05.076
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 268PB
UT WOS:000253590600017
ER
PT J
AU Wheeler, RM
Mackowiak, CL
Stutte, GW
Yorio, NC
Ruffe, LM
Sager, JC
Prince, RP
Knott, WM
AF Wheeler, R. M.
Mackowiak, C. L.
Stutte, G. W.
Yorio, N. C.
Ruffe, L. M.
Sager, J. C.
Prince, R. P.
Knott, W. M.
TI Crop productivities and radiation use efficiencies for bioregenerative
life support
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE CELSS; controlled ecological life support systems; bioregenerative;
crops; space exploration
ID CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT; PLANTS; GROWTH; LETTUCE
AB NASA's Biomass Production Chamber (BPC) at Kennedy Space Center was decommissioned in 1998, but several crop tests were conducted that have not been reported in the open literature. These include several monoculture studies with wheat, soybean, potato, lettuce, and tomato. For all of these studies, either 10 or 20 m 2 of plants were grown in an atmospherically closed chamber (113 m(3) vol.) using a hydroponic nutrient film technique along with elevated CO, (1000 or 1200 mu mol mol(-1)). Canopy light (PAR) levels ranged from 17 to 85 mol m(-2) d(-1) depending on the species and photoperiod. Total biomass (DM) productivities reached 39.6 g m(-2) d(-1) for wheat, 27.2 g m(-2) d(-1) for potato, 19.6 g m(-2) d(-1) for tomato, 1, 5.7 g m(-2) d(-1) for soybean, and 7.7 g m(-2) d(-1) for lettuce. Edible biomass (DM) productivities reached 18.4 g m(-2) d(-1) for potato, 11.3 g m(-2) d(-1) for wheat, 9.8 2. m(-2) d(-1) for tomato, 7.1 g m(-2) d(-1) for lettuce, and 6.0 g m(-2) d(-1) for soybean. The corresponding radiation (light) use efficiencies for total biomass were 0.64 g mol(-1) PAR for potato, 0.59 g DM mol(-1) for wheat, 0.51 g mol(-1) for tomato, 0.46 g mol(-1) for lettuce, and 0.43 g mol(-1) for soybean. Radiation use efficiencies for edible biomass were 0.44 g mol(-1) for potato, 0.42 g mol(-1) for lettuce, 0.25 g mol(-1) for tomato, 0.17 g DM mol(-1) for wheat, and 0.16 g mol(-1) for soybean. By initially growing seedlings at a dense spacing and then transplanting them to the final production area could have saved about 12 d in each production cycle, and hence improved edible biomass productivities and radiation use efficiencies by 66% for lettuce (to 11.8 g m(-2) d(-1) and 0.70 g mol(-1)), 16%, for tomato (to 11.4 g m(-2) d(-1) and 0.29 g mol(-1)), 13% for soybean (to 6.9 g m(-2) d(-1) and 0.19 g mol(-1)), and 13% for potato (to 20.8 g m(-2) d(-1) and 0.50 g mol(-1)). Since wheat was grown at higher densities, transplanting seedlings would not have improved yields. Tests with wheat resulted in a relatively low harvest index of 29%, which may have been caused by ethylene or other organic volatile compounds (VOCs) accumulating in the chamber. Assuming a higher harvest index of 40% could be achieved by scrubbing VOCs, productivity of wheat seed could have been improved nearly 40% to 15.8 g m(-2) d(-1) and edible biomass radiation use efficiency to 0.30 g mol(-1) Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR.
C1 [Wheeler, R. M.; Sager, J. C.; Prince, R. P.; Knott, W. M.] NASA, Biol Sci Off, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
[Mackowiak, C. L.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Quincy, FL USA.
[Stutte, G. W.; Yorio, N. C.; Ruffe, L. M.] Gen Dynam Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA.
RP Wheeler, RM (reprint author), NASA, Biol Sci Off, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
EM raymond.m.wheeler@nasa.gov
NR 28
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 5
BP 706
EP 713
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.06.059
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 273KV
UT WOS:000253930100006
ER
PT J
AU Levine, LH
Bisbee, PA
Richards, JT
Birmele, MN
Prior, RL
Perchonok, M
Dixon, M
Yorio, NC
Stutte, GW
Wheeler, RM
AF Levine, Lanfang H.
Bisbee, Patricia A.
Richards, Jeffrey T.
Birmele, Michele N.
Prior, Ronald L.
Perchonok, Michele
Dixon, Mike
Yorio, Neil C.
Stutte, Gary W.
Wheeler, Raymond M.
TI Quality characteristics of the radish grown under reduced atmospheric
pressure
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE reduced atmospheric pressure; hypobaria; radish; antioxidant; ORAC;
quality characteristics; sensory; glucosinolate
ID MYROSINASE ACTIVITY; WHEAT; VEGETABLES; SWEETNESS; CAPACITY; OXYGEN
AB This study addresses whether reduced atmospheric pressure (hypobaria) affects the quality traits of radish grown under such environments. Radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Cherry Bomb Hybrid II) plants were grown hydroponically in specially designed hypobaric plant growth chambers at three atmospheric pressures; 33, 66, and 96 kPa (control). Oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures were maintained constant at 21 and 0.12 kPa, respectively. Plants were harvested at 21 days after Planting, with aerial shoots and swollen hypocotyls (edible portion of the radish referred to as the "root" hereafter) separated immediately upon removal from the chambers. Samples were subsequently evaluated for their sensory characteristics (color, taste, overall appearance, and texture), taste-determining factors (glucosinolate and soluble carbohydrate content and myrosinase activity), proximate nutrients (protein, dietary fiber, and carbohydrate) and potential health benefit attributes (antioxidant capacity). In roots of control plants, concentrations of glucosinolate, total soluble sugar, and nitrate, as well as myrosinase activity and total antioxidant capacity (measured as ORAC(FL)), were 2.9, 20, 5.1, 9.4, and 1.9 times greater than the amount in leaves, respectively. There was no significant difference in total antioxidant capacity, sensory characteristics, carbohydrate composition, or proximate nutrient content among the three pressure treatments. However, glucosinolate content in the root and nitrate concentration in the leaf declined as the atmospheric pressure decreased, suggesting perturbation to some nitrogen-related metabolism. (c) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Levine, Lanfang H.; Bisbee, Patricia A.; Richards, Jeffrey T.; Birmele, Michele N.; Yorio, Neil C.; Stutte, Gary W.] Dynamac Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
[Prior, Ronald L.] USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA.
[Perchonok, Michele] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Dixon, Mike] Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, CESRF, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
[Wheeler, Raymond M.] NASA, Biol Sci Off, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
RP Levine, LH (reprint author), Dynamac Corp, Mail Code DYN-3, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
EM lanfang.levine-1@ksc.nasa.gov
NR 41
TC 12
Z9 14
U1 7
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 5
BP 754
EP 762
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.03.082
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 273KV
UT WOS:000253930100013
ER
PT J
AU Wheeler, RM
Stutte, GW
Mackowiak, CL
Yorio, NC
Sager, JC
Knott, WM
AF Wheeler, Raymond M.
Stutte, Gar W.
Mackowiak, Cheryl L.
Yorio, Neil C.
Sager, John C.
Knott, William M.
TI Gas exchange rates of potato stands for bioregenerative life support
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE bioregenerative life support; CO(2); O(2); potato; photosynthesis;
transpiration; respiration; CELSS
ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOTON FLUX; CO2 COMPENSATION POINT; CONTROLLED
ENVIRONMENT; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LEAF-AREA; GROWTH;
YIELD; LIGHT; TEMPERATURE
AB Plants can provide a means for removing carbon dioxide (CO(2)) while generating oxygen (02) and clean water for life support systems in space. To study this, 20 m(2) stands of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants were grown in a large (113 m(3) vol.), atmospherically closed chamber. Photosynthetic uptake of CO(2) by the stands was detected about 10 DAP (days after planting), after which photosynthetic rates rose rapidly as stand ground cover and total light interception increased. Photosynthetic rates peaked ca. 50 DAP near 45 mu mol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1) under 865 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) PPF (average photosynthetic photon flux), and near 35 mu mol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1) under 655 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) PPF. Short term changes in PPF caused a linear response in stand photosynthetic rates up to 1100 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) PPF, with a light compensation point of 185 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) PPF. Comparisons of stand photosynthetic rates at different CO(2) concentrations showed a classic C(3) response, with saturation occurring near 1200 mu mol mol(-1) CO(2) and compensation near 100 mu mol mol(-1) CO(2). In one study, the photoperiod was changed from 12 h light/12 h dark to continuous light at 58 DAR This caused a decrease in net photosynthetic rates within 48 h and eventual damage (scorching) of upper canopy leaves, suggesting the abrupt change stressed the plants and/or caused feedback effects oil photosynthesis. Dark period (night) respiration rates increased during early growth as standing biomass increased and peaked near 9 mu mol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1) ca. 50 DAP, after which rates declined gradually with age. Stand transpiration showed a rapid rise with canopy ground cover and peaked ca. 50 DAP near 8.9 L m(-2) d(-1) under 860 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) PPF and near 6.3 L m(-2) d(-1) under 650 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) PPF. Based on the best photosynthetic rates from these studies, approximately 25 m(2) of potato plants under continuous cultivation would be required to support the CO(2) removal and O(2) requirements for one person. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR.
C1 [Wheeler, Raymond M.; Stutte, Gar W.; Yorio, Neil C.; Sager, John C.; Knott, William M.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
[Mackowiak, Cheryl L.] Univ Florida, Quincy, FL 32351 USA.
RP Wheeler, RM (reprint author), NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
EM raymond.m.wheeler@nasa.gov
NR 47
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 5
BP 798
EP 806
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.07.027
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 273KV
UT WOS:000253930100020
ER
PT J
AU Selch, F
Higashibata, A
Imamizo-Sato, M
Higashitani, A
Ishioka, N
Szewczyk, NJ
Conley, CA
AF Selch, Florian
Higashibata, Akira
Imamizo-Sato, Mari
Higashitani, Atsushi
Ishioka, Noriaki
Szewczyk, Nathaniel J.
Conley, Catharine A.
TI Genomic response of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to spaceflight
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE C. elegans; spaceflight; microarray; insulin; TGF-beta; Dauer
ID SPACE-FLIGHT; EXPRESSION; RADIATION; GENE; BREAKUP; SYSTEM; IML-1
AB Oil Earth, it is common to employ laboratory animals such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to help understand human health concerns. Similar studies in Earth orbit should help understand and address the concerns associated with spaceflight. The "International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment FIRST" (ICE FIRST), was carried out onboard the Dutch Taxiflight in April of 2004 by all international collaboration of laboratories in France, Canada, Japan and the United States. With the exception of a slight movement defect upon return to Earth, the result of altered muscle development, no significant abnormalities were detected in spaceflown C. elegans. Work from Japan revealed apoptosis proceeds normally and work from Canada revealed no significant increase in the rate of mutation. These results suggest that C elegans call be used to study non-lethal responses to spaceflight and call possibly be developed as a biological sensor. To further our understanding of C elegans response to spaceflight, we examined the gene transcription response to the 10 days in space using a near full genome microarray analysis. The transcriptional response is consistent with the observed normal developmental timing, apoptosis, DNA repair, and altered muscle development. The genes identified as altered in response to spaceflight are enriched for genes known to be regulated, in C elegans, in response to altered environmental conditions (Insulin and TGF-beta regulated). These results demonstrate C elegans call be used to study the effects of altered gravity and suggest that C. elegans responds to spaceflight by altering the expression of at least some of the same metabolic genes that are altered in response to differing terrestrial environments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. oil behalf of COSPAR.
C1 [Szewczyk, Nathaniel J.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Grad Entry Med & Hlth, Derby DE22 3DT, England.
[Selch, Florian; Conley, Catharine A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Selch, Florian] Univ Vienna, Dept Mol Cell Biol, A-1010 Vienna, Austria.
[Higashibata, Akira; Ishioka, Noriaki] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan.
[Imamizo-Sato, Mari] Adv Engn Serv Co Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050032, Japan.
[Higashitani, Atsushi] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan.
[Szewczyk, Nathaniel J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
RP Szewczyk, NJ (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Grad Entry Med & Hlth, Derby DE22 3DT, England.
EM nate@alumni.cmu.edu
RI Higashitani, Atsushi/G-7086-2015;
OI Higashitani, Atsushi/0000-0001-6920-0594; Szewczyk,
Nathaniel/0000-0003-4425-9746
FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR054342-02]
NR 30
TC 19
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 5
BP 807
EP 815
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.015
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 273KV
UT WOS:000253930100021
PM 18392117
ER
PT J
AU Sui, LH
Holman, GD
Dennis, BR
AF Sui, Linhui
Holman, Gordon D.
Dennis, Brian R.
TI A question raised from the observation of dynamic cusp formation: When
and where does particle acceleration occur?
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic reconnection; Sun : X-rays; Sun : coronal;
Sun : coronal loops
ID X-RAY SOURCES; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; SOLAR-FLARE; RHESSI; LOOP; ENERGY
AB We present observations of a C9.4 flare on 2002 June 2 in EUV (TRACE) and X-rays (RHESSI). The multiwavelength data reveal:(]) the involvement of a quadrupole magnetic configuration; (2) loop expansion and ribbon motion in the pre-impulsive phase; (3) gradual formation of a new compact loop with a long cusp at the top during the impulsive phase of the flare; (4) appearance of a large, twisted loop above the cusp expanding outward immediately after the hard X-ray peak; and (5) X-ray emission observed only from the new compact loop and the cusp. In particular, the gradual formation of all EUV cusp feature is very clear. The observations also reveal the timing of the cusp formation and particle acceleration: most of the impulsive hard X-rays (> 25 keV) were emitted before the cusp was seen. This suggests that fast reconnection occurred during the restructuring of tile magnetic configuration, resulting in more efficient particle acceleration, while the reconnection slowed after the cusp was completely formed and tile magnetic geometry was stabilized. This observation is consistent with the observations obtained with Yohkoh/Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) that soft X-ray cusp structures only appear after the major impulsive energy release in solar flares. These observations have important implications for the modeling of magnetic reconnection and particle acceleration. (c) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Sui, Linhui] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Sui, Linhui; Holman, Gordon D.; Dennis, Brian R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Sui, LH (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
EM linhui.sui@gsfc.nasa.gov; gordon.d.holman@nasa.gov;
brian.r.dennis@nasa.gov
RI Dennis, Brian/C-9511-2012; Holman, Gordon/C-9548-2012
NR 30
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 6
BP 976
EP 983
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.03.031
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 290DR
UT WOS:000255104000020
ER
PT J
AU Stokely, CL
Stansbery, EG
AF Stokely, C. L.
Stansbery, E. G.
TI Identification of a debris cloud from the nuclear powered SNAPSHOT
satellite with haystack radar measurements
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 50th Conference of the Committee-on-the-Peaceful-Uses-of-Outer-Space
CY JUN 06-15, 2007
CL Vienna, AUSTRIA
SP Comm Peaceful Uses Outer Space
DE orbital debris; space debris; nuclear; radar; haystack; SNAPSHOT
AB Data from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory Long Range Imaging Radar (known as the Haystack radar) have been used in the past to examine families of objects from individual satellite breakups or families of orbiting objects that can be isolated in altitude and inclination. This is possible because, for some time after a breakup, the debris cloud of particles can remain grouped together in similar orbit planes. This cloud will be visible to the radar, in fixed staring mode, for a short time twice each day, as the orbit plane moves through the field of view. There should be a unique three-dimensional pattern in observation time, range, and range rate which can identify the cloud. Eventually, through slightly differing precession rates of the right ascension of ascending node of the debris cloud, the observation time becomes distributed so that event identification becomes much more difficult. Analyses of the patterns in observation time, range, and range rate have identified good debris candidates released from the polar orbiting SNAPSHOT satellite (International Identifier: 1965-027A). For orbits near 90 degrees inclination, there is essentially no precession of the orbit plane. The SNAPSHOT satellite is a well known nuclear powered satellite launched in 1965 to a near circular 1300 km orbit with an inclination of 90.3 degrees. This satellite began releasing debris in 1979, with new pieces being discovered and cataloged over the years. Fifty-one objects are still being tracked by the United States Space Surveillance Network. An analysis of the Haystack data has identified at least 60 pieces of debris separate from the 51 known tracked debris pieces, where all but 2 of the 60 pieces have a size less than 10 cm. The altitude and inclination (derived from range-rate with a circular orbit assumption) are consistent with the SNAPSHOT satellite and its,tracked debris cloud. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.
C1 [Stansbery, E. G.] NASA, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Orbital Debris Program Off, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Stokely, C. L.] ESCG Barrios Technol, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Stansbery, EG (reprint author), NASA, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Orbital Debris Program Off, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM christopher.l.stokely@nasa.gov; eu-gene.g.stansbery@nasa.gov
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 7
BP 1004
EP 1009
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.03.046
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 283ZV
UT WOS:000254675900002
ER
PT J
AU Liou, JC
Johnson, NL
AF Liou, J. -C.
Johnson, N. L.
TI Instability of the present LEO satellite populations
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 50th Conference of the Committee-on-the-Peaceful-Uses-of-Outer-Space
CY JUN 06-15, 2007
CL Vienna, AUSTRIA
SP Comm Peaceful Uses Outer Space
DE orbital debris; population growth; modeling
ID DEBRIS MITIGATION; SPACE; MODEL; EVOLVE-4.0; LEGEND
AB Several studies conducted during 1991-2001 demonstrated, with some assumed launch rates, the future unintended growth potential of the Earth satellite population, resulting from random, accidental collisions among resident space objects. In some low Earth orbit (LEO) altitude regimes where the number density of satellites is above a critical spatial density, the production rate of new breakup debris due to collisions would exceed the loss of objects due to orbital decay.
A new study has been conducted in the Orbital Debris Program Office at the NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, using higher fidelity models to evaluate the current debris environment. The study assumed no satellites were launched after December 2005. A total of 150 Monte Carlo runs were carried out and analyzed. Each Monte Carlo run simulated the current debris environment and projected it 200 years into the future. The results indicate that the LEO debris environment has reached a point such that even if no further space launches were conducted, the Earth satellite population would remain relatively constant for only the next 50 years or so. Beyond that, the debris population would begin to increase noticeably, due to the production of collisional debris. Detailed analysis shows that this growth is primarily driven by high collision activities around 900-1000 km altitude - the region which has a very high concentration of debris at present.
In reality, the satellite population growth in LEO will undoubtedly be worse than this study indicates, since spacecraft and their orbital stages will continue to be launched into space. Postmission disposal of vehicles (e.g., limiting postmission orbital lifetimes to less than 25 years) will help, but will be insufficient to constrain the Earth satellite population. To better preserve the near-Earth environment for future space activities, it might be necessary to remove existing large and massive objects from regions where high collision activities are expected. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR.
C1 [Liou, J. -C.] ESCG ERC, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Johnson, N. L.] NASA, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Orbital Debris Program Off, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Liou, JC (reprint author), ESCG ERC, Mail Code JE104,2224 Bay Area Bldg,Box 7, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM jer-chyi.liou-1@nasa.gov
NR 23
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 2
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 7
BP 1046
EP 1053
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.04.081
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 283ZV
UT WOS:000254675900007
ER
PT J
AU Rabello-Soares, MC
Thompson, BJ
Scherrer, D
Morrow, C
AF Rabello-Soares, M. C.
Thompson, B. J.
Scherrer, D.
Morrow, C.
TI Education and public outreach program for IHY - A global approach
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE education; science in school; heliosphere; solar-terrestrial relations;
sun; earth; solar system
AB Education and public outreach (EPO) is one of the four components of the International Heliophysical Year (IHY). It is fundamental in achieving one of IHY's primary objectives which is to "demonstrate the beauty, relevance and significance of Space and Earth science to the world."
In this paper we give an overview of the IHY-EPO Program. We describe its goals, structure, elements, plans and what have already been achieved. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Rabello-Soares, M. C.; Scherrer, D.] Stanford Univ, HEPL Solar Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Thompson, B. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Solar & Space Phys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Morrow, C.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
RP Rabello-Soares, MC (reprint author), Stanford Univ, HEPL Solar Phys, 445 Via Palou, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM csoares@sun.stanford.edu; Barbara.J.Thompson@nasa.gov; cmorrow@seti.org
RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012; Rabello Soares, Maria
Cristina/C-3207-2013;
OI Rabello Soares, Maria Cristina/0000-0003-0172-3713
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 8
BP 1206
EP 1211
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.06.016
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 297FK
UT WOS:000255602300007
ER
PT J
AU Zheng, YH
Lui, ATY
Fok, MC
Anderson, BJ
Brandt, PC
Mitchell, DG
AF Zheng, Yihua
Lui, Anthony T. Y.
Fok, Mei-Ching
Anderson, Brian J.
Brandt, Pontus C.
Mitchell, Donald G.
TI Controlling factors of Region 2 field-aligned current and its
relationship to the ring current: Model results
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Region 2 field-aligned currents; the ring current; the comprehensive
ring current model; magnetosphere and ionosphere coupling
ID MAGNETOSPHERIC CONVECTION; PLASMA; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONDUCTIVITY;
IONOSPHERE; PRESSURE; SUBSTORM; STORM
AB One essential component of magnetosphere and ionosphere coupling is the closure of the ring current through Region 2 field-aligned current (FAC). Using the Comprehensive Ring Current Model (CRCM), which includes magnetosphere and ionosphere coupling by solving the kinetic equation of ring current particles and the closure of the electric currents between the two regions, we have investigated the effects of high latitude potential, ionospheric conductivity, plasma sheet density and different magnetic field models on the development of Region 2 field-aligned currents, and the relationship between R2 FACs and the ring current. It is shown that an increase in high latitude potential, ionospheric conductivity or plasma sheet density generally results in an increase in Region 2 FACs' intensity, but R2 FACs display different local time and latitudinal distributions for changes in each parameter due to the different mechanisms involved. Our simulation results show that the magnetic field configuration of the inner magnetosphere is also an important factor in the development of Region 2 field-aligned current. More numerical experiments and observational results are needed in further our understanding of the complex relationship of the two current systems. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.
C1 [Zheng, Yihua; Lui, Anthony T. Y.; Anderson, Brian J.; Brandt, Pontus C.; Mitchell, Donald G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Fok, Mei-Ching] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Zheng, YH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
EM yihua.zheng@jhuapl.edu
RI Zheng, Yihua/D-7368-2012; Fok, Mei-Ching/D-1626-2012; Anderson,
Brian/I-8615-2012; Brandt, Pontus/N-1218-2016
OI Brandt, Pontus/0000-0002-4644-0306
NR 36
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 8
BP 1234
EP 1242
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.05.084
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 297FK
UT WOS:000255602300011
ER
PT J
AU Evans, D
Garrett, H
Jun, I
Evans, R
Chow, J
AF Evans, D.
Garrett, H.
Jun, I.
Evans, R.
Chow, J.
TI Long-term observations of the trapped high-energy proton population (L <
4) by the NOAA Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES)
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE POES; trapped protons; SEM-2
ID MODEL
AB The Space Environment Monitor (SEM) onboard the NOAA POES satellites has been measuring the near-Earth charged particle environment since 1978, providing an extensive database that can be used for studying the long-term behavior of this population of trapped particles. POES stands for Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite. These satellites orbit at similar to 840 km altitude and at ail inclination of 98 degrees. The SEM-1 instrument was flown on the POES satellites beginning in 1978 with TIROS-N and NOAA-6 in 1979 and continuing to NOAA-14 launched in 1995 with the exception of NOAA-9 and NOAA-11 (NOAA-13 failed shortly after launch). Its replacement, SEM-2, has flown oil the POES NOAA-15, -16, and -17 satellites (from 1998). Here we present the results of a study oil the statistical variations of the high-energy trapped proton environment. Among the detectors in SEM, the four SEM-2 omni-directional proton detectors for energies >16 MeV, >36 MeV, >70 MeV, and >140 MeV provide the data most relevant to this study.
For this Study, the SEM-2 omni-directional detector data from each satellite (NOAA-15, -16, and -17) were accumulated over 8-s intervals and arranged/collected on a 1 degrees latitude by 2 degrees longitude grid. The data set covers the period between June 1, 1998 and June 30, 2005. This amounts to about 15 satellite-years of data encompassing much of a solar cycle. The spatial grid covers sub-satellite locations at latitude center values from 65.5 degrees north to 72.5 degrees South and longitude center values from 1 degrees east to 359 degrees east. Typically there are 1700-2100 individual data entries per detector within each longitude-latitude bin. For each spatial bin, we also computed for detailed analysis various geomagnetic field parameters (e.g., Mcllwain's L value, local field strength, field strength at the equator along the field line, etc.) for the field line threading the center of the bin. For this purpose, we used the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) Model, Epoch 2003.5. Each data sample within the spatial bin also contains the information on geomagnetic activity and an index indicating whether a Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) event was in progress at the time the data were taken and the magnitude of that event. The final data set thus obtained forms an extensive source of information useful for studying the long-term near-Earth trapped proton environment as a function of solar cycle, magnetic activity and the role of SEP events. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Garrett, H.; Jun, I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Evans, D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Evans, R.] Gibbel Corp, Montrose, CA 91020 USA.
[Chow, J.] Raytheon Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA.
RP Jun, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM insoo.jun@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 8
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 8
BP 1261
EP 1268
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.028
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 297FK
UT WOS:000255602300014
ER
PT J
AU Gurnett, DA
Huff, RL
Morgan, DD
Persoon, AM
Averkamp, TF
Kirchner, DL
Duru, F
Akalin, F
Kopf, AJ
Nielsen, E
Safaeinili, A
Plaut, JJ
Picardi, G
AF Gurnett, D. A.
Huff, R. L.
Morgan, D. D.
Persoon, A. M.
Averkamp, T. F.
Kirchner, D. L.
Duru, F.
Akalin, F.
Kopf, A. J.
Nielsen, E.
Safaeinili, A.
Plaut, J. J.
Picardi, G.
TI An overview of radar soundings of the martian ionosphere from the Mars
Express spacecraft
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Mars ionosphere; ionosphere radar sounding; Mars
ID RADIO OCCULTATION METHODS; CRUSTAL MAGNETIC-FIELD; GLOBAL SURVEYOR;
VENUS; ATMOSPHERE; ANOMALIES
AB The Mars Express spacecraft carries a low-frequency radar called MARSIS (Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding) that is designed to study the subsurface and ionosphere of Mars. In this paper, we give an overview of the ionospheric sounding results after approximately one year of operation in orbit around Mars. Several types of ionospheric echoes are commonly observed. These include vertical echoes caused by specular reflection from the horizontally stratified ionosphere; echoes from a second layer in the topside ionosphere, possibly associated with O+ ions; oblique echoes from upward bulges in the ionosphere; and, a variety of other echoes that are poorly understood. The vertical echoes provide electron density profiles that are in reasonable agreement with the Chapman photo-equilibrium model of planetary ionospheres. On the dayside of Mars the maximum electron density is approximately 2 x 10(5) cm(-3). On the nightside the echoes are often very diffuse and highly irregular, with maximum electron densities less than 104 cm(-3). Surface reflections are sometimes observed in the same frequency range as the diffuse echoes, suggesting that small isolated holes exist in the nightside ionosphere, possibly similar to those that occur on the nightside of Venus. The oblique echoes arise from upward bulges in the ionosphere in regions where the crustal magnetic field of Mars is strong and nearly vertical. The bulges tend to be elongated in the horizontal direction and located in regions between oppositely directed arch-like structures in the crustal magnetic field. The nearly vertical magnetic field lines in the region between the arches are thought to connect into the solar wind, thereby allowing solar wind electrons to heat the lower levels of the ionosphere, with an attendant increase in the scale height and electron density. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Gurnett, D. A.; Huff, R. L.; Morgan, D. D.; Persoon, A. M.; Averkamp, T. F.; Kirchner, D. L.; Duru, F.; Akalin, F.; Kopf, A. J.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Nielsen, E.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany.
[Safaeinili, A.; Plaut, J. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Picardi, G.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Infocom Dept, I-00184 Rome, Italy.
RP Gurnett, DA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
EM donald-gurnett@uiowa.edu
NR 37
TC 80
Z9 81
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 9
BP 1335
EP 1346
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.01.062
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 296TJ
UT WOS:000255568400001
ER
PT J
AU Wrasse, CM
Fechine, J
Takahashi, H
Denardini, CM
Wickert, J
Mlynczak, MG
Russell, JM
Barbosa, CL
AF Wrasse, C. M.
Fechine, J.
Takahashi, H.
Denardini, C. M.
Wickert, J.
Mlynczak, M. G.
Russell, J. M.
Barbosa, C. L.
TI Temperature comparison between CHAMP radio occultation and TIMED/SABER
measurements in the lower stratosphere
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE temperature; stratosphere; radio occultation; remote sensing
ID GRAVITY-WAVE ACTIVITY; SABER EXPERIMENT; GPS OCCULTATION; ATMOSPHERE
AB Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver on the CHAllenging Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP) and the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument, one of four on board the TIMED satellite, provide middle atmosphere temperature profiles by Radio Occultation (RO) and limb viewing infrared emission measurements, respectively. These temperature profiles retrieved by two different techniques in the stratosphere are compared with each other using more than 1300 correlative profiles in March, September and December 2005. The over-all mean differences averaged over 15 and 35 kin are approximately -2 K and standard deviation is less than 3 K. Below 20 kin of altitude, relatively small mean temperature differences similar to 1 K are observed in wide latitudinal range except for June (during the SABER nighttime observation). In the middle to low latitudes, between 30 degrees S and 30 degrees N, the temperature difference increases with height from similar to 0-1 K at 15 km, to similar to-4 K at 35 km of altitude. Large temperature differences about -4 to -6 K are observed between 60 degrees S and 30 degrees N and 31-35 km of altitude for all months and between 0 degrees and 30 degrees N below 16 km during June (nighttime). (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wrasse, C. M.; Barbosa, C. L.] Univ Vale Paraiba, IP & D, BR-12244000 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
[Wrasse, C. M.; Fechine, J.; Takahashi, H.; Denardini, C. M.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
[Wickert, J.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Dept Geodesy & Remote Sensing, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
[Mlynczak, M. G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Russell, J. M.] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
RP Wrasse, CM (reprint author), Univ Vale Paraiba, IP & D, Av Shishima Hifumi 2911, BR-12244000 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
EM cmw@univap.br; joaquim@laser.inpe.br; hisaotak@laser.inpe.br;
denardin@dae.inpe.br; jens.wickert@gfz-potsdam.de;
m.g.mlynczak@larc.nasa.gov; james.russell@hamptonu.edu; cassio@univap.br
RI De Nardin, Clezio/C-4103-2012; Barbosa, Cassio/C-6009-2012; Mlynczak,
Martin/K-3396-2012; Wickert, Jens/A-7257-2013; Wrasse,
Cristiano/N-6556-2013
OI De Nardin, Clezio/0000-0002-3624-2461;
NR 23
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 9
BP 1422
EP 1427
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.06.073
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 296TJ
UT WOS:000255568400012
ER
PT J
AU Shepherd, MG
Wu, DL
Fedulina, IN
Gurubaran, S
AF Shepherd, M. G.
Wu, D. L.
Fedulina, I. N.
Gurubaran, S.
TI Temperature variability in the tropical mesosphere during the northern
hemisphere winter
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE temperature; zonal winds; tropical mesosphere; stratospheric warming
ID ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH SATELLITE; WIND IMAGING INTERFEROMETER; EQUATORIAL
MESOSPHERE; UPPER-STRATOSPHERE; DATA ASSIMILATION; PLANETARY-WAVES;
UARS; STRATOPAUSE; VALIDATION; LATITUDES
AB Temperature observations at 20-90 km height and 5 degrees N-15 degrees N during the period of December 1992-March 1993 from the WINDII and MLS experiments on the UARS satellite are analysed together with MF radar winds and UKMO assimilated fields of temperature and zonal and meridional winds. The correlation between the different datasets at the tropics and zonal mean wind data at mid latitudes is examined for period February-March 1993, when series of stratospheric warming events were observed at middle and high latitudes. Wavelet analysis is applied to investigate coupling between stationary and travelling planetary waves in the stratosphere and the upper mesosphere. Planetary waves m = 1 with periods of 4-7 days, 8-12 days and 13-18 days are found to dominate the period. Westward 7-and 16-18 day waves at the tropics appear enhanced by stationary planetary waves during sudden stratospheric warming events. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shepherd, M. G.] York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
[Wu, D. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Microwave Atmospher Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Fedulina, I. N.] Inst Ionosphere, Alma Ata 480020, Kazakhstan.
[Gurubaran, S.] Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Equatorial Geophys Res Lab, Krishnapur 627011, Tirunelveli, India.
RP Shepherd, MG (reprint author), York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, 4700 Keele St, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
EM mshepher@yorku.ca
RI Gurubaran, Subramanian/C-6694-2013; Wu, Dong/D-5375-2012
NR 43
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 9
BP 1434
EP 1445
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.04.035
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 296TJ
UT WOS:000255568400014
ER
PT J
AU Fechine, J
Wrasse, CM
Takahashi, H
Mlynczak, MG
Russell, JM
AF Fechine, J.
Wrasse, C. M.
Takahashi, H.
Mlynczak, M. G.
Russell, J. M.
TI Lower-meso spheric inversion layers over brazilian equatorial region
using TIMED/SABER temperature profiles
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE mesospheric inversion layer; atmospheric thermal structure; middle
atmosphere; remote sensing
ID 40-DEGREES-N LATITUDE; LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; THERMAL STRUCTURE; RAYLEIGH
LIDAR; MESOPAUSE; CLIMATOLOGY; TRENDS
AB Lower-mesospheric inversion layers (MILs) were studied using the temperature profiles observed by TIMED/SABER over Cariri (7.5 degrees S, 36.5 degrees W), Brazil, in 2005. A total 175 MILs were identified with the maximum occurrence in April and October and the minimum in January and July. The lower MIL is located in a height region from 70 to 90 kin, with the peak at around 83 +/- 4 kin with the temperature of 205 +/- 5 K, and the thickness of 4-10 km. The results show large amplitudes of MILs during equinoxes and minimum in solstices, with a clear semiannual variation. A general feature of lower MIL in monthly mean profile was observed twice a year, one from February to May, and the other from August to October with a downward shift of the top level. These results suggest that formation and long persistence of MIL is an important factor to investigate propagation of atmospheric gravity waves in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) region. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Fechine, J.; Wrasse, C. M.; Takahashi, H.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
[Mlynczak, M. G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Russell, J. M.] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
[Wrasse, C. M.] Univ Vale Paraiba, IP & D, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
RP Fechine, J (reprint author), Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
EM joaquim@laser.inpe.br; cmw@univap.br; hisaotak@laser.inpe.br;
m.g.mlynczak@larc.nasa.gov; james.russell@hamptonu.edu
RI Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; Wrasse, Cristiano/N-6556-2013
NR 22
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 9
BP 1446
EP 1452
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.04.070
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 296TJ
UT WOS:000255568400015
ER
PT J
AU Li, T
She, CY
Palo, SE
Wu, Q
Liu, HL
Salby, ML
AF Li, Tao
She, C. -Y.
Palo, Scott E.
Wu, Qian
Liu, Han-Li
Salby, Murry L.
TI Coordinated lidar and TIMED observations of the quasi-two-day wave
during August 2002-2004 and possible quasi-biennial oscillation
influence
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE sodium lidar; TIMED/SABER; TIMED/TIDI; QTD wave; mesopause
ID ASYNOPTIC SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; DOPPLER INTERFEROMETER TIDI; 2-DAY
WAVE; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY; SEMIDIURNAL
TIDES; SUMMER MESOSPHERE; SAMPLING THEORY; SPACED DATA; ATMOSPHERE
AB The Colorado State University sodium lidar, located in Fort Collins, CO (41N, 105W), is capable of both daytime and nighttime operations and has conducted a number of continuous multiple-day observational campaigns over the past few years. Three such campaigns, lasting between 80 and 90 It, were conducted during August 2002-2004 when mesospheric winds and temperature observations were collected simultaneously. These data were processed to extract the vertical structure and temporal evolution of the quasi-two-day wave, which was found to be significant in the power spectra. The quasi-two-day wave in temperature, zonal wind and meridional wind was analyzed for each year, indicating that the wave activity in 2003 was weaker than the other two years. Concurrent TIMED/SABER (2002-2004) and TIMED/TIDI observations (2004) in August were also processed. The SABER temperature shows a quasi-two-day wave with a dominant westward propagating zonal wavenumber four (s = -4) component in 2002 and 2004 but not in 2003. Analysis of the TIDI winds in August 2004 also indicates significant quasi-two-day wave activity, with the zonal wavenumber three and four components of comparable strength. The results of this coordinated ground-based lidar and TIMED satellite observations during August are presented. The possible influence of quasi-biennial oscillation on the inter-annual variability of the quasi-two-day wave is investigated. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Li, Tao] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wright Wood, CA 92397 USA.
[Li, Tao; She, C. -Y.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Palo, Scott E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Wu, Qian; Liu, Han-Li] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Salby, Murry L.] Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Li, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wright Wood, CA 92397 USA.
EM taoli@tmf.jpl.nasa.gov
RI Liu, Han-Li/A-9549-2008; Li, Tao/J-8950-2014;
OI Liu, Han-Li/0000-0002-6370-0704; Li, Tao/0000-0002-5100-4429; PALO,
SCOTT/0000-0002-4729-4929
NR 25
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 9
BP 1462
EP 1470
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.03.052
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 296TJ
UT WOS:000255568400018
ER
PT J
AU Keith, WR
Stubbs, TJ
AF Keith, W. R.
Stubbs, T. J.
TI Identification of spacecraft conjunctions in the cusps
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE multi-spacecraft conjunctions; magnetosphere; cusp; data mining;
Cluster; DMSP
ID DAWN-DUSK ASYMMETRY; MAGNETOSPHERIC CUSPS; CLUSTER; PLASMA; MODEL;
CONJUGATE; ALTITUDES; ELECTRON; SYSTEM; POLAR
AB The comparison of particle energy distributions from different altitudes in the cusp is important for developing our understanding of magnetospheric entry and energization processes. The Cluster multi-spacecraft mission allows the opportunity to better understand the features at higher altitudes, facilitating direct comparisons with concurrent low-altitude observations by one or more of the DMSP spacecraft. A simple technique has been developed to search orbit and particle data from both missions for near-simultaneous cusp region crossings using model magnetic field line tracing and the Altitude Adjusted Corrected Geomagnetic (AACGM) coordinate system. This method can quickly search large periods of time and give an indication of the quality of the magnetic conjunctions through automatically generated plots. This technique can also be applied to other regions and spacecraft (e.g., inner magnetospheric observations by NASA Living with a Star (LWS) geospace missions). Examples of two types of conjunctions between Cluster and DMSP are presented, along with a brief description of how these methods provide insight into the temporal and spatial evolution of plasma in the cusp regions. (c) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Keith, W. R.; Stubbs, T. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Keith, W. R.] McMurry Univ, Abilene, TX 79697 USA.
[Stubbs, T. J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
RP Stubbs, TJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Div, Mail Code 674, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM timothy.j.stubbs@nasa.gov
RI Stubbs, Timothy/I-5139-2013
OI Stubbs, Timothy/0000-0002-5524-645X
NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 10
BP 1562
EP 1570
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.09.030
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 305NY
UT WOS:000256186300007
ER
PT J
AU Pickett, JS
Chen, LJ
Mutel, RL
Christopher, IW
Santolik, O
Lakhina, GS
Singh, SV
Reddy, RV
Gurnett, DA
Tsurutani, BT
Lucek, E
Lavraud, B
AF Pickett, J. S.
Chen, L. -J.
Mutel, R. L.
Christopher, I. W.
Santolik, O.
Lakhina, G. S.
Singh, S. V.
Reddy, R. V.
Gurnett, D. A.
Tsurutani, B. T.
Lucek, E.
Lavraud, B.
TI Furthering our understanding of electrostatic solitary waves through
Cluster multispacecraft observations and theory
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE electrostatic solitary waves; ESW propagation; cluster; magnetosheath;
auroral acceleration region
ID RADIATION FINE-STRUCTURE; PHASE-SPACE HOLES; ACOUSTIC SOLITONS;
AURORAL-ZONE; PLASMA-WAVES; POLAR; ION; GENERATION; BIPOLAR; BEAMS
AB Nonlinear isolated electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) are observed routinely at many of Earth's major boundaries by the Wideband Data (WBD) plasma wave receivers that are mounted on the four Cluster satellites. The current study discusses two aspects of ESWs: their characteristics in the magnetosheath, and their propagation in the magnetosheath and in the auroral acceleration (upward current) region. The characteristics (amplitude and time duration) of ESWs detected in the magnetosheath are presented for one case in which special mutual impedance tests were conducted allowing for the determination of the density and temperature of the hot and cold electrons. These electron parameters, together with those from the ion experiment, were used as inputs to an electron acoustic soliton model as a consideration for the generation of the observed ESWs. The results from this model showed that negative potential ESWs of a few Debye lengths (10-50 m) could be generated in this plasma. Other models of ESW generation are discussed, including beam instabilities and spontaneous generation out of turbulence. The results of two types of ESW propagation (in situ and remote sensing) studies are also presented. The first involves the propagation of bipolar type ESWs from one Cluster spacecraft to another in the magnetosheath, thus obtaining the velocity and size of the solitary structures. The structures were found to be very flat, with large scale perpendicular to the magnetic field (>40 km) and small scale parallel to the field (<1 km). These results were then discussed in terms of various models which predict such flat structures to be generated. The second type of propagation study uses striated Auroral Kilometric Radiation (SAKR) bursts, observed on multiple Cluster satellites, as tracers of ion solitary waves in the upward current region. The results of all studies discussed here (pulse characteristics and ESW velocity, lifetime, and size) are compared to in situ measurements previously made on one spacecraft and to theoretical predictions for these quantities, where available. The primary conclusion drawn from the propagation studies is that the multiple spacecraft technique allows us to better assess the stability (lifetime) of ESWs, which can be as large as a few seconds, than can be achieved with single satellites. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Pickett, J. S.; Mutel, R. L.; Christopher, I. W.; Santolik, O.; Gurnett, D. A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Chen, L. -J.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Santolik, O.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, CR-18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
[Santolik, O.] IAP CAS, Prague 18000, Czech Republic.
[Lakhina, G. S.; Singh, S. V.; Reddy, R. V.] Indian Inst Geomagnetism, New Panvel W 410218, Navi Mumbai, India.
[Tsurutani, B. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Lucek, E.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England.
[Lavraud, B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR Space & Atmospher Sci 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Pickett, JS (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
EM pickett@uiowa.edu
RI Chen, Li-Jen/C-2106-2012; Lakhina, Gurbax /C-9295-2012; Singh,
satyavir/C-8949-2012; Santolik, Ondrej/F-7766-2014;
OI Singh, satyavir/0000-0003-2758-7713; Lakhina, Gurbax
/0000-0002-8956-486X
NR 42
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 10
BP 1666
EP 1676
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.05.064
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 305NY
UT WOS:000256186300019
ER
PT J
AU Collier, MR
Roberts, A
Vinas, A
AF Collier, Michael R.
Roberts, Aaron
Vinas, Adolfo
TI Acoustic kappa-density fluctuation waves in suprathermal kappa function
fluids
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE kappa-functions; suprathermal distributions; acoustic waves
ID PLASMA-WAVES; DISTRIBUTIONS; THERMOSTATISTICS; EQUILIBRIUM
AB We describe a new wave mode similar to the acoustic wave in which both density and velocity fluctuate. Unlike the acoustic wave in which the underlying distribution is Maxwellian, this new wave mode occurs when the underlying distribution is a suprathermal kappa-function and involves fluctuations in the power law index, kappa. This wave mode always propagates faster than the acoustic wave with an equivalent effective temperature and becomes the acoustic wave in the Maxwellian limit as kappa -> infinity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR.
C1 [Collier, Michael R.; Roberts, Aaron; Vinas, Adolfo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Collier, MR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 673, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Michael.R.Collier@nasa.gov; Aaron.Roberts@nasa.gov;
Adolfo.Figueroa-Vinas-l@nasa.gov
RI Collier, Michael/I-4864-2013
OI Collier, Michael/0000-0001-9658-6605
NR 16
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 10
BP 1704
EP 1709
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.10.017
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 305NY
UT WOS:000256186300025
ER
PT J
AU Loewenstein, M
Davis, DS
AF Loewenstein, Michael
Davis, David S.
TI High resolution X-ray spectroscopy and chemical evolution in elliptical
galaxies
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE elemental abundances; properties of galaxies; external galaxies
evolution
ID CLUSTERS
AB We discuss the elemental composition in the hot ISM of elliptical galaxies derived from new and recent X-ray spectral analysis in the context of new phenomenological models of their chemical evolution. Star formation histories, the IMF, the astrophysics of supernovae, and the nature of galactic winds impact the metal content and relative abundances in the hot ISM. We evaluate how X-ray spectroscopy may be utilized to deconstruct how elliptical galaxies, and the stellar populations that compose them, form and evolve, with an emphasis on present and future high resolution spectroscopic analysis. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Loewenstein, Michael] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Davis, David S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Loewenstein, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Coll Pk Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM loew@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; ddavis@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
EI 1879-1948
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 12
BP 1972
EP 1974
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.06.040
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 313CW
UT WOS:000256719700005
ER
PT J
AU Clampin, M
AF Clampin, Mark
TI The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE space instrumentation; telescopes; cosmology; galaxy formation; star
formation; planet formation
AB The James Webb Space Telescope is a 6.5 m, infrared space telescope designed to be launched in 2013 aboard an Ariane 5. The JWST program is a cooperative program with the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) managing the project for NASA. The prime contractor for JWST is Northrop Grumman Space Technology (NGST). JWST's international partners are the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). JWST will address four major science themes: end of the dark ages: first light and reionization; the assembly of galaxies, the birth of stars and protoplanetary systems; and the formation of planetary systems and the origins of life. We discuss the design of the observatory and review recent progress on the JWST program. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Clampin, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM mark.clampin@nasa.gov
RI Clampin, mark/D-2738-2012
NR 7
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 12
BP 1983
EP 1991
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2008.01.010
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 313CW
UT WOS:000256719700007
ER
PT J
AU Fuke, H
Tasaki, Y
Abe, K
Haino, S
Makida, Y
Matsuda, S
Mitchell, JW
Molseev, AA
Nishimura, J
Nozaki, M
Orito, S
Ormes, JF
Sasaki, M
Seo, ES
Shikaze, Y
Streitmatter, RE
Suzuki, J
Tanaka, K
Yamagami, T
Yamamoto, A
Yoshida, T
Yoshimura, K
AF Fuke, H.
Tasaki, Y.
Abe, K.
Haino, S.
Makida, Y.
Matsuda, S.
Mitchell, J. W.
Molseev, A. A.
Nishimura, J.
Nozaki, M.
Orito, S.
Ormes, J. F.
Sasaki, M.
Seo, E. S.
Shikaze, Y.
Streitmatter, R. E.
Suzuki, J.
Tanaka, K.
Yamagami, T.
Yamamoto, A.
Yoshida, T.
Yoshimura, K.
TI Search for fractionally charged particles in cosmic rays with the BESS
spectrometer
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE cosmic ray; fractional charge; quark search; superconducting
spectrometer; BESS
ID PENETRATING PARTICLES; UNDERGROUND SEARCH; ONBOARD BESS; ASTROPHYSICS
AB Historically, there are been many searches for fractionally charged particles in the cosmic radiation. However, few searches have been performed near the top of the atmosphere. We performed a search for relativistic 2/3e charged particles in cosmic rays using data collected during four BESS balloon flights from 1997 to 2000 carried out in northern Canada. The data were analyzed by examining energy deposition in the time-of-flight scintillator hodoscopes. No candidate was found. We derive an upper limit of 4.5 x 10(-7) (cm(2) s sr)(-1) for the flux of 2,e charged particles, at the 90% confidence level. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Fuke, H.; Tasaki, Y.; Yamagami, T.; Yoshida, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan.
[Abe, K.; Shikaze, Y.] Kobe Univ, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan.
[Haino, S.; Makida, Y.; Matsuda, S.; Nozaki, M.; Suzuki, J.; Tanaka, K.; Yamamoto, A.; Yoshimura, K.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan.
[Mitchell, J. W.; Molseev, A. A.; Ormes, J. F.; Sasaki, M.; Streitmatter, R. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Nishimura, J.; Orito, S.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan.
[Seo, E. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Fuke, H (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan.
EM fuke@balloon.isas.jaxa.jp
OI Seo, Eun-Suk/0000-0001-8682-805X
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 12
BP 2050
EP 2055
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.02.042
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 313CW
UT WOS:000256719700018
ER
PT J
AU Marrocchesi, PS
Ahn, HS
Allison, P
Bagliesi, MG
Barbieri, L
Beatty, JJ
Bigongiari, G
Brandt, TJ
Childers, JT
Conklin, NB
Coutu, S
DuVernois, MA
Ganel, O
Han, JH
Jeon, JA
Kim, KC
Lee, MH
Lutz, L
Maestro, P
Malinine, A
Minnick, S
Mognet, SI
Nam, SW
Nutter, S
Park, IH
Park, NH
Seo, ES
Sina, R
Walpole, P
Wu, J
Yang, J
Yoon, YS
Zei, R
Zinn, SY
AF Marrocchesi, P. S.
Ahn, H. S.
Allison, P.
Bagliesi, M. G.
Barbieri, L.
Beatty, J. J.
Bigongiari, G.
Brandt, T. J.
Childers, J. T.
Conklin, N. B.
Coutu, S.
DuVernois, M. A.
Ganel, O.
Han, J. H.
Jeon, J. A.
Kim, K. C.
Lee, M. H.
Lutz, L.
Maestro, P.
Malinine, A.
Minnick, S.
Mognet, S. I.
Nam, S. W.
Nutter, S.
Park, I. H.
Park, N. H.
Seo, E. S.
Sina, R.
Walpole, P.
Wu, J.
Yang, J.
Yoon, Y. S.
Zei, R.
Zinn, S. Y.
TI Preliminary results from the second flight of CREAM
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE cosmic ray; balloon measurements
ID COSMIC-RAY ENERGETICS; CHARGE DETECTOR; SHOCK ACCELERATION; CALORIMETER;
PERFORMANCE
AB Launched from McMurdo (Antarctica) in December 2005, the balloon experiment CREAM (cosmic ray energetics and mass) collected about 15 million triggers during its second flight of 28 days. Redundant charge identification, by two pixelated silicon arrays and a time resolved pulse shaping technique from a scintillator system, allowed a clear signature of the primary nuclei. The energy was measured with a tungsten/SciFi calorimeter preceded by a graphite target. Preliminary results from the analysis of the data of the second flight are presented. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.
C1 [Marrocchesi, P. S.; Bagliesi, M. G.; Bigongiari, G.; Maestro, P.; Zei, R.] Univ Siena, Dept Phys, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
[Ahn, H. S.; Ganel, O.; Han, J. H.; Kim, K. C.; Lee, M. H.; Lutz, L.; Malinine, A.; Seo, E. S.; Sina, R.; Walpole, P.; Wu, J.; Zinn, S. Y.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Seo, E. S.; Yoon, Y. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Allison, P.; Beatty, J. J.; Brandt, T. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Childers, J. T.; DuVernois, M. A.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Conklin, N. B.; Coutu, S.; Mognet, S. I.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Jeon, J. A.; Nam, S. W.; Park, I. H.; Park, N. H.; Yang, J.] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120750, South Korea.
[Minnick, S.] Kent State Univ Tuscarawas, Dept Phys, New Philadelphia, OH 44663 USA.
[Nutter, S.] No Kentucky Univ, Dept Phys & Geol, Highland Hts, KY 41099 USA.
[Minnick, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Marrocchesi, PS (reprint author), Univ Siena, Dept Phys, Via Roma 56, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
EM marrocchesi@pi.infn.it
RI maestro, paolo/E-3280-2010; Marrocchesi, Pier Simone/N-9068-2015; Yoon,
Young Soo/O-8580-2014; Beatty, James/D-9310-2011;
OI maestro, paolo/0000-0002-4193-1288; Marrocchesi, Pier
Simone/0000-0003-1966-140X; Yoon, Young Soo/0000-0001-7023-699X; Beatty,
James/0000-0003-0481-4952; Bigongiari, Gabriele/0000-0003-3691-0826;
Seo, Eun-Suk/0000-0001-8682-805X
NR 22
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 12
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.02.052
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 313CW
UT WOS:000256719700010
ER
PT J
AU Kim, SW
Yoon, SC
Dutton, EG
Kim, J
Wehrli, C
Holben, BN
AF Kim, Sang-Woo
Yoon, Soon-Chang
Dutton, Ellsworth G.
Kim, Jiyoung
Wehrli, Christoph
Holben, Brent N.
TI Global surface-based sun photometer network for long-term observations
of column aerosol optical properties: Intercomparison of aerosol optical
depth
SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; AERONET
AB Comparisons of aerosol optical depths (AODs) determined from several types of Sun photometers operating side by side as part of four different networks (GAW PFR, AERONET, SKYNET, and NOAA/ESRL aerosol monitoring programs) were made at 6 different environmental stations to evaluate the different types of current state-of-the-art instruments under different aerosol loading conditions. A comparison between AERONET CIMEL and GAW PFR at a high altitude calibration site, Mauna Loa, shows an excellent agreement with 0.001 bias for 500 nm AOD. AODs obtained from direct Sun-pointing instruments are within 0.01 bias, though these results are similar to or slightly larger than those given in previous short-term intensive studies. These results suggest that well-maintained networks of direct Sun-pointing instruments developed by different companies/institutions can provide quality-assured AOD data across the globe to the aerosol-climate research community. The poorer agreement between a hemispherical field-of-view (FOV) MFRSR and the finite FOV Sun-pointing instrument is found to be due to uncertainty in the angular characterization of the MFRSR optics.
C1 [Kim, Sang-Woo; Yoon, Soon-Chang] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea.
[Kim, Sang-Woo] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Dutton, Ellsworth G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Kim, Jiyoung] Korea Meteorol Adm, Natl Inst Meteorol Res, Seoul, South Korea.
[Wehrli, Christoph] Phys Meteorol Observ Davos, World Radiat Ctr, Davos, Switzerland.
[Holben, Brent N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Kim, SW (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea.
EM yoon@snu.ac.kr
NR 21
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 10
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0278-6826
J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH
JI Aerosol Sci. Technol.
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 42
IS 1
BP 1
EP 9
DI 10.1080/02786820701699743
PG 9
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 262QX
UT WOS:000253164200001
ER
PT J
AU Qi, CL
Chen, DR
Greenberg, P
AF Qi, Chaolong
Chen, Da-Ren
Greenberg, Paul
TI Fundamental study of a miniaturized disk-type electrostatic aerosol
precipitator for a personal nanoparticle sizer
SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PARTICLE CHARGE; SAMPLER; MOBILITY
AB We have developed a low-cost, miniaturized disk-type electrostatic aerosol precipitator for a personal nanoparticle sizer, often needed in applications requiring spatially distributed measurement or personal exposure monitoring. The performance of prototype mini-disk precipitator was evaluated in this study. Measurement of particle transmission through the precipitator for both neutral and singly charged particles shows that the compact size of the disk precipitator does not lead to serious particle loss resulting from particle diffusion and/or electrical image force. The transmission of singly charged particles of 10 nm is 64% at an aerosol flowrate of 0.3 lpm. The device consists of two precipitation chambers, separated by a metal disk. The design further allows the device to be configured to precipitate charged particles by establishing electrical fields in one or both precipitation chambers. Both operations work well to precipitate particles by electrical mobility. The operation of dual-chamber precipitation, with electrical field established on both sides of the middle disk, is preferred since it lowers the maximum requirement of applied voltage to precipitate particles with a specific electrical mobility for a given flowrate. Semi-empirical models were also developed to describe the dependence of the particle penetration curves on particle electrical mobility.
C1 [Qi, Chaolong; Chen, Da-Ren] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Greenberg, Paul] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Micrograv Combust & Reacting Syst Branch, Cleveland, OH USA.
RP Chen, DR (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, 1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
EM chen@seas.wustl.edu
NR 20
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0278-6826
J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH
JI Aerosol Sci. Technol.
PY 2008
VL 42
IS 7
BP 505
EP 512
DI 10.1080/02786820802203643
PG 8
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 319GQ
UT WOS:000257152500002
ER
PT J
AU Pierce, JR
Engelhart, GJ
Hildebrandt, L
Weitkamp, EA
Pathak, RK
Donahue, NM
Robinson, AL
Adams, PJ
Pandis, SN
AF Pierce, J. R.
Engelhart, G. J.
Hildebrandt, L.
Weitkamp, E. A.
Pathak, R. K.
Donahue, N. M.
Robinson, A. L.
Adams, P. J.
Pandis, S. N.
TI Constraining particle evolution from wall losses, coagulation, and
condensation-evaporation in smog-chamber experiments: Optimal estimation
based on size distribution measurements
SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION; TERPENE OZONOLYSIS; SECONDARY; YIELDS; GAS
AB A goal of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) experiments performed in smog chambers is to determine the condensation of SOA onto suspended particles. Complicating the calculation of the condensation rate are uncertainties in particle wall-loss rates. Wall-loss rates generally depend on particle size, turbulence in the bag, the size and shape of the bag, and particle charge. In analyzing smog-chamber data, some or all of the following assumptions are commonly made regarding the first-order wall-loss rate constant: (a) that it is constant during an experiment; (b) that it is constant between experiments; and (c) that it is not a strong function of particle size for the relatively narrow size distributions in smog chamber experiments. Each of these assumptions may not be justified in some circumstances. We present the development and evaluation of the Aerosol Parameter Estimation (APE) model. APE is an inverse model that solves the aerosol general dynamic equation to determine best estimates for the size-dependent condensation rate and size-dependent wall-loss rate as a function of time. Size distribution measurements from a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) provide time boundary conditions that constrain the general dynamic equation. The APE model is tested using data from a smog chamber experiment with dry ammonium sulfate particles in which no condensation occurred. Finally, we assess the variability in predicted SOA production between different wall-loss correction methods for relatively-fast-chemistry limonene-ozonolysis experiments and relatively-slow-chemistry toluene-oxidation experiments. In the fast limonene experiments, wall-loss correction methods agree within 10% for SOA production, and in the slow toluene experiments, wall-loss correction methods disagree up to a factor of 2.
C1 [Pierce, J. R.; Engelhart, G. J.; Hildebrandt, L.; Weitkamp, E. A.; Pathak, R. K.; Donahue, N. M.; Robinson, A. L.; Adams, P. J.; Pandis, S. N.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Pierce, J. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Pandis, S. N.] Univ Patras, FORTH, Inst Chem Engn & High Temp Chem Proc, Patras, Greece.
RP Pierce, JR (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM jeffrey.robert.pierce@gmail.com
RI Donahue, Neil/A-2329-2008; Hildebrandt Ruiz, Lea/A-4236-2010; Robinson,
Allen/I-5713-2012; Pandis, Spyros/D-3680-2013; Pierce,
Jeffrey/E-4681-2013; Adams, Peter/D-7134-2013; Robinson,
Allen/M-3046-2014
OI Pandis, Spyros/0000-0001-8085-9795; Donahue, Neil/0000-0003-3054-2364;
Robinson, Allen/0000-0003-1053-7090; Pierce,
Jeffrey/0000-0002-4241-838X; Adams, Peter/0000-0003-0041-058X; Robinson,
Allen/0000-0002-1819-083X
FU Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Science to Achieve Results (STAR)
Graduate Fellowship [91668201-0]; National Science Foundation Graduate
Research Fellowship; EPA STAR [R832162]; Electric Power Research
Institute (EPRI)
FX J. R. Pierce was supported by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
through the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship
(91668201-0). G. J. Engelhart was supported by the National Science
Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and the Achievement Rewards for
College Scientists. L. Hildebrandt was supported by the National Science
Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. The research was generally
supported by the EPA STAR grant (R832162) and the Electric Power
Research Institute (EPRI).
NR 18
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 2
U2 37
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0278-6826
J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH
JI Aerosol Sci. Technol.
PY 2008
VL 42
IS 12
BP 1001
EP 1015
DI 10.1080/02786820802389251
PG 15
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 354MR
UT WOS:000259644200003
ER
PT J
AU Gates, T
AF Gates, T.
BE Martin, R
TI The physical and chemical ageing of polymeric composites
SO AGEING OF COMPOSITES
SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID REUSABLE LAUNCH VEHICLE; LONG-TERM CREEP; MOISTURE DIFFUSION; MATRIX
COMPOSITES; DEGRADATION; BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE; EPOXY; TEMPERATURE;
DURABILITY
C1 [Gates, T.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
NR 60
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND
BN 978 1 84569 352 7
J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER
PY 2008
BP 3
EP 33
DI 10.1533/9781845694937.1.3
PG 31
WC Materials Science, Composites
SC Materials Science
GA BOI32
UT WOS:000276713500002
ER
PT J
AU Miles, JH
AF Miles, Jeffrey Hilton
TI Separating turbofan engine noise sources using auto- and cross spectra
from four microphones
SO AIAA JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT AIAA/CEAS 12th Aeroacoustics Conference
CY MAY 08-10, 2006
CL Cambridge, MA
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, CEAS
ID TIME-DELAY ESTIMATION; SOURCE LOCATION; COHERENCE FUNCTION; FLOW
AB The study of core noise from turbofan engines has become more important as noise from other sources such as the fan and jet were reduced. A multiple-microphone and acoustic-source modeling method to separate correlated and uncorrelated sources is discussed. The auto- and cross spectra in the frequency range below 1000 Hz are fitted with a noise propagation model based on a source couplet consisting of a single incoherent monopole source with a single coherent monopole source or a source triplet consisting of a single incoherent monopole source with two coherent monopole point sources. Examples are presented using data from a Pratt & Whitney PW4098 turbofan engine. The method separates the low-frequency jet noise from the core noise at the nozzle exit. It is shown that at low power settings, the core noise is a major contributor to the noise. Even at higher power settings, it can be more important than jet noise. However, at low frequencies, uncorrelated broadband noise and jet noise become the important factors as the engine power setting is increased.
C1 NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Fiel, Acoust Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Miles, JH (reprint author), NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Fiel, Acoust Branch, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
NR 50
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA
SN 0001-1452
J9 AIAA J
JI AIAA J.
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 46
IS 1
BP 61
EP 74
DI 10.2514/1.25177
PG 14
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA 250PO
UT WOS:000252312700006
ER
PT S
AU Denney, E
Fischer, B
AF Denney, Ewen
Fischer, Bernd
BE Meseguer, J
Rosu, G
TI Explaining verification conditions
SO ALGEBRAIC METHODOLOGY AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS
SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Conference on Algebraic Methodology and Software
Technology
CY JUL 28-31, 2008
CL Urbana, IL
SP Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Dept Comp Sci
AB Hoare-style program verification relies on the construction and discharge of verification conditions (VCs) but offers no support to trace, analyze, and understand the VCs themselves. We describe a systematic extension of the Hoare rules by labels so that the calculus itself can be used to build up explanations of the VCs. The labels are maintained through the different processing steps and rendered as natural language explanations. The generated explanations are based only on an analysis of the labels rather than directly on the logical meaning of the underlying VCs or their proofs. The explanations can be customized to capture different aspects of the VCs; here, we focus on labelings that explain their structure and purpose.
C1 [Denney, Ewen] NASA, USRA RIACS, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Fischer, Bernd] Univ Southampton, Sch Elect & Comp Sci, DSSE Grp, Southampton, Hants, England.
RP Denney, E (reprint author), NASA, USRA RIACS, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Ewen.W.Denney@nasa.gov; B.Fischer@ecs.soton.ac.uk
FU NASA [NCC2-1426, NNA07BB97C]
FX This material is based upon work supported by NASA under awards
NCC2-1426 and NNA07BB97C.
NR 15
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-540-79979-5
J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC
PY 2008
VL 5140
BP 145
EP +
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
Applications
SC Computer Science; Mathematics
GA BIB58
UT WOS:000258182100012
ER
PT S
AU Olsen, ET
Chahine, MT
Chen, LL
Pagano, TS
AF Olsen, Edward T.
Chahine, Moustafa T.
Chen, Luke L.
Pagano, Thomas S.
BE Shen, SS
Lewis, PE
TI Retrieval of mid-tropospheric CO2 directly from AIRS measurements
SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND
ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XIV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral,
Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII
CY MAR 17-19, 2008
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE remote sounding; carbon dioxide; free troposphere; vanishing partial
derivatives; infrared spectrum
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE
AB We apply the method of Vanishing Partial Derivatives (VPD) to AIRS spectra to retrieve daily the global distribution of CO2 at a nadir geospatial resolution of 90 km x 90 km without requiring a first-guess input beyond the global average. Our retrievals utilize the 15 mu m band radiances, a complex spectral region. This method may be of value in other applications, in which spectral signatures of multiple species are not well isolated spectrally from one another.
C1 [Olsen, Edward T.; Chahine, Moustafa T.; Chen, Luke L.; Pagano, Thomas S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Olsen, ET (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM Edward.T.Olsen@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7157-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 6966
AR 696613
DI 10.1117/12.777920
PG 6
WC Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BHZ01
UT WOS:000257540900026
ER
PT S
AU Pagano, TS
AF Pagano, Thomas S.
BE Shen, SS
Lewis, PE
TI Matching observations to model resolution for future weather and climate
applications
SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND
ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XIV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral,
Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII
CY MAR 17-19, 2008
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE remote sensing; observations; spatial resolution; AIRS; ARIES
AB High spatial resolution sounding observations will improve initialization and assimilation into the next generation forecast models and validation of the next generation of climate models. One such advanced sounder concept for low earth orbit is the Advanced Remote-sensing Imaging Emission Spectrometer (ARIES) which proposes to provide high spatial hyperspectral resolution observations in the mid to longwave infrared. This paper explores the effects of spatial resolution on the errors expected from the combined use of models and observations for representing scene information. We calculate the frequency response of the instrument and model and determine the error at any given spatial frequency. The results show that it is. vital to have observations match the spatial resolution of models to minimize the uncertainty in the representation of the scene contents.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Pagano, TS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7157-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 6966
AR 69660Z
DI 10.1117/12.777611
PG 5
WC Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BHZ01
UT WOS:000257540900023
ER
PT S
AU Susskind, J
Blaisdell, J
AF Susskind, Joel
Blaisdell, John
BE Shen, SS
Lewis, PE
TI Improved surface parameter retrievals using AIRS/AMSU data
SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND
ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XIV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral,
Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII
CY MAR 17-19, 2008
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE high spectral resolution IR sounders; atmospheric sounding; satellite
meteorology; new theoretical developments
AB The AIRS Science Team Version 5.0 retrieval algorithm became operational at the Goddard DAAC in July 2007 generating near real-time products from analysis of AIRS/AMSU sounding data. This algorithm contains many significant theoretical advances over the AIRS Science Team Version 4.0 retrieval algorithm used previously. Two very significant developments of Version 5 are: 1) the development and implementation of an improved Radiative Transfer Algorithm (RTA) which allows for accurate treatment of non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (non-LTE) effects on shortwave sounding channels; and 2) the development of methodology to obtain very accurate case by case product error estimates which are in turn used for quality control. These theoretical improvements taken together enabled a new methodology to be developed which further improves soundings in partially cloudy conditions. In this methodology, longwave CO2 channel observations in the spectral region 700 cm(-1) to 750 cm(-1) are used exclusively for cloud clearing purposes, while shortwave CO2 channels in the spectral region 2195 cm(-1) to 2395 cm(-1) are used for temperature sounding purposes. This allows for accurate temperature soundings under more difficult cloud conditions. This paper further improves on the methodology used in Version 5 to derive surface skin temperature and surface spectral emissivity from AIRS/AMSU observations. Now, following the approach used to improve tropospheric temperature profiles, surface skin temperature is also derived using only shortwave window channels. This produces improved surface parameters, both day and night, compared to what was obtained in Version 5. These in turn result in improved boundary layer temperatures and retrieved total O-3 burden.
C1 [Susskind, Joel] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Susskind, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 7
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7157-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 6966
AR 696610
DI 10.1117/12.774759
PG 12
WC Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BHZ01
UT WOS:000257540900024
ER
PT J
AU Street, KW
AF Street, Kenneth W., Jr.
TI Liquid space lubricants examined by vibrational microspectroscopy
SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS
LA English
DT Review
DE vibrational spectoscopy; FTIR; Raman; space lubricants; tribology
ID DEGRADATION; TRIBOMETER
AB Considerable effort has been expended to develop liquid lubricants for satellites and space exploration vehicles. These lubricants must often perform under a range of harsh conditions such as vacuum, radiation, and temperature extremes while in orbit or in transit and in extremely dusty environments at destinations such as the moon and Mars. Historically, oil development was guided by terrestrial application, which did not provide sufficient space lubricants. Novel fluids such as perfluorinated polyethers provided some relief but are far from ideal. With each new fluid proposed to solve one problem, other problems have arisen. Much of the work performed at National Aeronautics and Space Adminstration's (NASA) Glenn Research Center, in elucidating mechanisms by which chemical degradation of space oils occur, has been done by infrared and Raman microspectroscopy, which this review details. Fundamental lubrication studies are presented as well as actual case studies, in which vibrational spectroscopy led to millions of dollars in savings and potentially prevented loss of mission.
C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Tribol & Surface Sci Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Street, KW (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Tribol & Surface Sci Branch, MS 23-2,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM kenneth.w.street@nasa.gov
NR 35
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 11
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0003-2719
J9 ANAL LETT
JI Anal. Lett.
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 3
BP 351
EP 376
DI 10.1080/00032710701872836
PG 26
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 261MZ
UT WOS:000253084900001
ER
PT J
AU Sootsman, JR
Kong, H
Uher, C
D'Angelo, JJ
Wu, CI
Hogan, TP
Caillat, T
Kanatzidis, MG
AF Sootsman, Joseph R.
Kong, Huijun
Uher, Ctirad
D'Angelo, Jonathan James
Wu, Chim-I
Hogan, Timothy P.
Caillat, Thierry
Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.
TI Large Enhancements in the Thermoelectric Power Factor of Bulk PbTe at
High Temperature by Synergistic Nanostructuring
SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
LA English
DT Article
DE composite materials; nanostructures; semiconductors; thermoelectric
materials
ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SILICON NANOWIRES; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; MERIT;
DEVICES; FIGURE; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY; STATES
C1 [Sootsman, Joseph R.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] NW Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
[Kong, Huijun; Uher, Ctirad] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[D'Angelo, Jonathan James; Wu, Chim-I; Hogan, Timothy P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Caillat, Thierry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Kanatzidis, MG (reprint author), NW Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
EM m-kanatzidis@northwestern.edu
FU Office of Naval Research; Northwestern University; NSF-NSEC; NSF-MRSEC;
Keck Foundation
FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research (MURI
program) for funding. Portions of the scanning and transmission electron
microscopy work was performed in the (EPIC) (NIFTI) (Keck-II) facility
of NUANCE Center at Northwestern University. NUANCE Center is supported
by NSF-NSEC, NSF-MRSEC, Keck Foundation, the State of Illinois, and
Northwestern University.
NR 29
TC 135
Z9 136
U1 11
U2 70
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1433-7851
J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT
JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.
PY 2008
VL 47
IS 45
BP 8618
EP 8622
DI 10.1002/anie.200803934
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 369XO
UT WOS:000260727400014
PM 18846585
ER
PT J
AU Rodriguez, L
Zhukov, AN
Dasso, S
Mandrini, CH
Cremades, H
Cid, C
Cerrato, Y
Saiz, E
Aran, A
Menvielle, M
Poedts, S
Schmieder, B
AF Rodriguez, L.
Zhukov, A. N.
Dasso, S.
Mandrini, C. H.
Cremades, H.
Cid, C.
Cerrato, Y.
Saiz, E.
Aran, A.
Menvielle, M.
Poedts, S.
Schmieder, B.
TI Magnetic clouds seen at different locations in the heliosphere
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd European Space Weather Week
CY NOV 13-17, 2006
CL Royal Lib Belgium, BELGIUM
HO Royal Lib Belgium
DE solar physics, astrophysics, and astronomy; flares and mass ejections;
magnetic fields
ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ACTIVE REGIONS; SOLAR CORONA; SOHO MISSION;
HELICITY; ORIGIN; SPACECRAFT; FIELD; WIND
AB We analyze two magnetic clouds (MCs) observed in different points of the heliosphere. The main aim of the present study is to provide a link between the different aspects of this phenomenon, starting with information on the origins of the MCs at the Sun and following by the analysis of in-situ observations at 1AU and at Ulysses. The candidate source regions were identified in SOHO/EIT and SOHO/MDI observations. They were correlated with H-alpha images that were obtained from ground-based observatories. Hints on the internal magnetic field configuration of the associated coronal mass ejections are obtained from LASCO C2 images. In interplanetary space, magnetic and plasma moments of the distribution function of plasma species (ACE/Ulysses) were analyzed together with information on the plasma composition, and the results were compared between both spacecraft in order to understand how these structures interact and evolve in their cruise from the Sun to 5AU. Additionally, estimates of global magnitudes of magnetic fluxes and helicity were obtained from magnetic field models applied to the data in interplanetary space. We have found that these magnetic characteristics were well kept from their solar source, up to 5AU where Ulysses provided valuable information which, together with that obtained from ACE, can help to reinforce the correct matching of solar events and their interplanetary counterparts.
C1 [Rodriguez, L.; Zhukov, A. N.] Observ Royal Belgique, Solar Influences Data Anal Ctr, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
[Zhukov, A. N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia.
[Dasso, S.; Mandrini, C. H.] CONICET UBA, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
[Dasso, S.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
[Cremades, H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Cid, C.; Cerrato, Y.; Saiz, E.] Univ Alcala De Henares, Madrid, Spain.
[Aran, A.] Univ Barcelona, E-08007 Barcelona, Spain.
[Menvielle, M.] Ctr Etud Environm Terr & Planetaires, Velizy Villacoublay, France.
[Poedts, S.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.
[Schmieder, B.] Observ Paris, Meudon, France.
RP Rodriguez, L (reprint author), Observ Royal Belgique, Solar Influences Data Anal Ctr, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
EM rodriguez@oma.be
RI Poedts, Stefaan/C-9775-2012;
OI Poedts, Stefaan/0000-0002-1743-0651; CID, CONSUELO/0000-0002-2863-3745
NR 44
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
EI 1432-0576
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 2
BP 213
EP 229
PG 17
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 269TG
UT WOS:000253672600002
ER
PT J
AU Fung, SF
Shao, X
AF Fung, Shing F.
Shao, Xi
TI Specification of multiple geomagnetic responses to variable solar wind
and IMF input
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE magnetosphere (magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; solar
wind-magnetosphere interactions; storms and substorms)
ID MAGNETOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; CURRENT SYSTEMS; REAL-TIME; DST INDEX;
PREDICTION; PATTERNS; FILTERS; STORMS; MODEL; STATE
AB This paper shows that the state of the magnetosphere, resulting from continuous but variable forcing of the solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), can be empirically specified by a magnetospheric state vector Psi, consisting of a set of hourly-averaged magnetospheric driver and response parameters. It is demonstrated that there exists a correspondence between the magnetospheric driver and multiple geomagnetic response parameters. This parameter correspondence allows different magnetopsheric states to be specified by means of a look-up table, provided that the relative time lags between various driver (e.g. V(sw), IMF) and response parameters (e.g. K(p), D(st), and AE) are taken into account. Using the magnetospheric state specifications, multiscale geomagnetic responses can then be simultaneously prescribed statistically from their corresponding driver parameters. Magnetospheric state specifications have been determined by using magnetospheric state parameter data taken in 1970-2000. Their validities have been tested by specifying the multi-geomagnetic responses over three representative intervals: (1) a magnetic cloud event, (2) a period of multiple storms, and (3) the years of 2001 and 2002. For all the intervals, we have found good correlation (with r>0.75) between the prescribed and observed geomagnetic indices at hourly resolution, and the magnetospheric state specifications are thus validated.
C1 [Fung, Shing F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliospher Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Shao, Xi] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Fung, SF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliospher Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM shing.f.fung@nasa.gov
RI Fung, Shing/F-5647-2012
NR 41
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS
PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU
PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 3
BP 639
EP 652
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 293WA
UT WOS:000255364900020
ER
PT J
AU Sharma, AS
Nakamura, R
Runov, A
Grigorenko, EE
Hasegawa, H
Hoshino, M
Louarn, P
Owen, CJ
Petrukovich, A
Sauvaud, JA
Semenov, VS
Sergeev, VA
Slavin, JA
Sonnerup, BUO
Zelenyi, LM
Fruit, G
Haaland, S
Malova, H
Snekvik, K
AF Sharma, A. S.
Nakamura, R.
Runov, A.
Grigorenko, E. E.
Hasegawa, H.
Hoshino, M.
Louarn, P.
Owen, C. J.
Petrukovich, A.
Sauvaud, J. -A.
Semenov, V. S.
Sergeev, V. A.
Slavin, J. A.
Sonnerup, B. U. O.
Zelenyi, L. M.
Fruit, G.
Haaland, S.
Malova, H.
Snekvik, K.
TI Transient and localized processes in the magnetotail: a review
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Review
DE magnetospheric physics; magnetotail; plasma sheet; plasma waves and
instabilities
ID PLASMA SHEET BOUNDARY; TRAVELING COMPRESSION REGIONS; MAGNETIC-FLUX
ROPES; BURSTY BULK FLOWS; TAIL CURRENT DISRUPTION; FIELD-ALIGNED
CURRENTS; DEEP GEOMAGNETIC TAIL; LOW-FREQUENCY WAVES; HALL CURRENT
SYSTEM; NEAR-EARTH TAIL
AB Many phenomena in the Earth's magnetotail have characteristic temporal scales of several minutes and spatial scales of a few Earth radii (R-E). Examples of such transient and localized mesoscale phenomena are bursty bulk flows, beamlets, energy dispersed ion beams, flux ropes, traveling compression regions, night-side flux transfer events, and rapid flappings of the current sheet. Although most of these observations are linked to specific interpretations or theoretical models they are inter-related and can be the different aspects of a physical process or origin. Recognizing the inter-connected nature of the different transient and localized phenomena in the magnetotail, this paper reviews their observations by highlighting their important characteristics, with emphasis on the new results from Cluster multipoint observations. The multi-point Cluster measurements have provided, for the first time, the ability to distinguish between temporal and spatial variations, and to resolve spatial structures. Some examples of the new results are: flux ropes with widths of 0.3 R-E, transient field aligned currents associated with bursty bulk flows and connected to the Hall current at the magnetic reconnection, flappings of the magnetotail current sheet with time scales of 100 s-10 min and thickness of few thousand km, and particle energization including velocity and time dispersed ion structures with the latter having durations of 1-3 min. The current theories of these transient and localized processes are based largely on magnetic reconnection, although the important role of the interchange and other plasma modes are now well recognized. On the kinetic scale, the energization of particles takes place near the magnetic X-point by non-adiabatic processes and wave-particle interactions. The theory, modeling and simulations of the plasma and field signatures are reviewed and the links among the different observational concepts and the theoretical frameworks are discussed. The mesoscale processes in the magnetotail and the strong coupling among them are crucial in developing a comprehensive understanding of the multiscale phenomena of the magnetosphere.
C1 [Sharma, A. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Nakamura, R.; Runov, A.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
[Grigorenko, E. E.; Petrukovich, A.; Zelenyi, L. M.; Malova, H.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Moscow V71, Russia.
[Hasegawa, H.] Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 229, Japan.
[Hoshino, M.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
[Louarn, P.] CNRS, CESR, Toulouse, France.
[Owen, C. J.] Univ Coll, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London, England.
[Semenov, V. S.; Sergeev, V. A.] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg, Russia.
[Slavin, J. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Sonnerup, B. U. O.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
[Haaland, S.; Snekvik, K.] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
RP Sharma, AS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM ssh@astro.umd.edu
RI Petrukovich, Anatoly/G-8764-2011; Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013; Hasegawa,
Hiroshi/A-1192-2007; Owen, Christopher/C-2999-2008; Snekvik,
Kristian/A-4475-2009; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; Semenov,
Vladimir/A-5530-2013; Nakamura, Rumi/I-7712-2013
OI Petrukovich, Anatoly/0000-0002-5344-2967; Sergeev,
Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631; Hasegawa, Hiroshi/0000-0002-1172-021X; Owen,
Christopher/0000-0002-5982-4667; Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X;
Semenov, Vladimir/0000-0001-6592-056X; Nakamura,
Rumi/0000-0002-2620-9211
NR 272
TC 74
Z9 74
U1 1
U2 15
PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS
PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU
PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 4
BP 955
EP 1006
PG 52
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 315AH
UT WOS:000256849800018
ER
PT J
AU Remsberg, E
AF Remsberg, E.
TI On the observed changes in upper stratospheric and mesospheric
temperatures from UARS HALOE
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Workshop on Long Term Changes and Trends in the
Atmosphere
CY SEP 04-07, 2006
CL Sodankyla Geophys Observ, Sodankyla, FINLAND
SP IAGA, ICMA, CAWSES
HO Sodankyla Geophys Observ
DE atmospheric composition and structure; pressure, density, and
temperature; meteorology and atmospheric dynamics; climatology; middle
atmosphere dynamics
ID 11-YEAR SOLAR-CYCLE; MIDDLE-ATMOSPHERE; OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; TROPICAL
STRATOSPHERE; PLANETARY-WAVES; VARIABILITY; MODEL; OZONE; TRENDS;
CLIMATE
AB Temperature versus pressure or T (p) time series from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) have been extended and re-analyzed for the period of 1991-2005 and for the upper stratosphere and mesosphere in 10-degree wide latitude zones from 60 S to 60 N. Even though sampling from a solar occultation experiment is somewhat limited, it is shown to be quite adequate for developing both the seasonal and longer-term variations in T (p). Multiple linear regression (MLR) techniques were used in the re-analyses for the seasonal and the significant interannual, solar cycle (SC-like or decadal-scale), and linear trend terms. Plots of the amplitudes and phases for the interannual (QBO and subbiennial) terms are provided. A simple SC-like term of 11-yr period was fitted to the time series residuals after accounting for the seasonal and interannual terms. Highly significant SC-like responses were found for both the upper mesosphere and the upper stratosphere. The phases of these SC-like terms were checked for their continuity with latitude and pressure-altitude; the larger amplitude responses are directly in-phase with that of standard proxies for the solar flux variations. The analyzed, max minus min, responses at low latitudes are of order 0.5 to 1 K, while at middle latitudes they are as large as 3 K in the upper mesosphere. Highly significant, linear cooling trends were found at middle latitudes of the middle to upper mesosphere (-1.5 to-2.0 K/decade), at tropical latitudes of the lower mesosphere (about-0.5 K/decade), and at 2 hPa (of order-1 K/decade). Both the diagnosed solar cycle responses and trends from HALOE for the mid to upper mesosphere at middle latitudes are larger than simulated with most models, perhaps an indication of decadal-scale dynamical forcings that are not being simulated so well.
C1 NASA Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Remsberg, E (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA USA.
EM ellise.e.remsberg@nasa.gov
NR 44
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 5
BP 1287
EP 1297
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 306CC
UT WOS:000256224500027
ER
PT J
AU Jourdain, L
Bekki, S
Lott, F
Lefevre, F
AF Jourdain, L.
Bekki, S.
Lott, F.
Lefevre, F.
TI The coupled chemistry-climate model LMDz-REPROBUS: description and
evaluation of a transient simulation of the period 1980-1999
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE atmospheric composition and structure; middle atmosphere; composition
and chemistry; meteorology and atmospheric dynamics; middle atmosphere
dynamics
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DOPPLER-SPREAD PARAMETERIZATION; TROPICAL
LOWER STRATOSPHERE; MIDDLE-ATMOSPHERE; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; WATER-VAPOR;
OZONE DEPLETION; IMPACT; VARIABILITY; SCHEME
AB We present a description and evaluation of the Chemistry-Climate Model (CCM) LMDz-REPROBUS, which couples interactively the extended version of the Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique General Circulation Model (LMDz GCM) and the stratospheric chemistry module of the REactive Processes Ruling the Ozone BUdget in the Stratosphere (REPROBUS) model. The transient simulation evaluated here covers the period 1980-1999. The introduction of an interactive stratospheric chemistry module improves the model dynamical climatology, with a substantial reduction of the temperature biases in the lower tropical stratosphere. However, at high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, a negative temperature bias, that is already present in the GCM version, albeit with a smaller magnitude, leads to an overestimation of the ozone depletion and its vertical extent in the CCM. This in turn contributes to maintain low polar temperatures in the vortex, delay the break-up of the vortex and the recovery of polar ozone. The latitudinal and vertical variation of the mean age of air compares favourable with estimates derived from long-lived species measurements, though the model mean age of air is 1-3 years too young in the middle stratosphere. The model also reproduces the observed 'tape recorder' in tropical total hydrogen (=H2O+2 x CH4), but its propagation is about 30% too fast and its signal fades away slightly too quickly. The analysis of the global distributions of CH4 and N2O suggests that the subtropical transport barriers are correctly represented in the simulation. LMDz-REPROBUS also reproduces fairly well most of the spatial and seasonal variations of the stratospheric chemical species, in particular ozone. However, because of the Antarctic cold bias, large discrepancies are found for most species at high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere during the spring and early summer. In the Northern Hemisphere, polar ozone depletion and its variability are underestimated in the simulation.
C1 [Jourdain, L.; Bekki, S.; Lefevre, F.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-75005 Paris, France.
[Lott, F.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-75005 Paris, France.
RP Jourdain, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM ljourd@gmail.com
RI bekki, slimane/J-7221-2015
OI bekki, slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800
NR 52
TC 43
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
EI 1432-0576
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 6
BP 1391
EP 1413
PG 23
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 311IN
UT WOS:000256594000009
ER
PT J
AU Sibeck, DG
Omidi, N
Dandouras, I
Lucek, E
AF Sibeck, D. G.
Omidi, N.
Dandouras, I.
Lucek, E.
TI On the edge of the foreshock: model-data comparisons
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE interplanetary physics; discontinuities; planetary bow shocks; plasma
waves and turbulence
ID UPSTREAM PRESSURE VARIATIONS; HOT FLOW ANOMALIES; BOW SHOCK; SOLAR-WIND;
CAVITIES; MAGNETOSPHERE; SIMULATION
AB We present the results of a global hybrid code simulation for the solar wind-interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere during an interval of steady radial IMF. The model predicts a foreshock marked by innumerable localized, correlated, and large amplitude, density and magnetic field strength variations, depressed velocities, and enhanced temperatures. The foreshock is bounded by a broad (similar to 0.8 R-E) region of enhanced densities, temperatures, and magnetic field strengths that extends far (similar to 8.6 R-E) upstream from the bow shock. Flow perturbations within the boundary are directed perpendicular to the boundary, towards the unperturbed solar wind and away from the foreshock. Cluster observations of the ion foreshock and pristine solar wind confirm the predictions of the model. The observations suggest that foreshock cavities, crater-like density and magnetic field strength structures whose cores are filled with suprathermal particles, can be interpreted in terms of transient encounters with the foreshock boundary.
C1 [Sibeck, D. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Omidi, N.] Solana Sci, Solana Beach, CA USA.
[Dandouras, I.] CESR, Toulouse, France.
[Lucek, E.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England.
RP Sibeck, DG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 674, Greenbelt, MD USA.
EM david.g.sibeck@nasa.gov
RI Sibeck, David/D-4424-2012;
OI Dandouras, Iannis/0000-0002-7121-1118
NR 18
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
EI 1432-0576
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 6
BP 1539
EP 1544
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 311IN
UT WOS:000256594000020
ER
PT J
AU Hysell, DL
Michhue, G
Larsen, MF
Pfaff, R
Nicolls, M
Heinselman, C
Bahcivan, H
AF Hysell, D. L.
Michhue, G.
Larsen, M. F.
Pfaff, R.
Nicolls, M.
Heinselman, C.
Bahcivan, H.
TI Imaging radar observations of Farley Buneman waves during the JOULE II
experiment
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE ionosphere; auroral ionosphere; ionospheric irregularities; plasma waves
and instabilities
ID E-REGION IRREGULARITIES; ELECTRON-DRIFT VELOCITY; EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET;
STARE VELOCITIES; PLASMA-WAVES; FIELD; INSTABILITIES; SIMULATIONS;
BACKSCATTER
AB Vector electric fields and associated E x B drifts measured by a sounding rocket in the auroral zone during the NASA JOULE II experiment in January 2007, are compared with coherent scatter spectra measured by a 30 MHz radar imager in a common volume. Radar imaging permits precise collocation of the spectra with the background electric field. The Doppler shifts and spectral widths appear to be governed by the cosine and sine of the convection flow angle, respectively, and also proportional to the presumptive ion acoustic speed. The neutral wind also contributes to the Doppler shifts. These findings are consistent with those from the JOULE I experiment and also with recent numerical simulations of Farley Buneman waves and instabilities carried out by Oppenheim et al. (2008). Simple linear analysis of the waves offers some insights into the spectral moments. A formula relating the spectral width to the flow angle, ion acoustic speed, and other ionospheric parameters is derived.
C1 [Hysell, D. L.; Michhue, G.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
[Larsen, M. F.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys, Clemson, SC USA.
[Pfaff, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Nicolls, M.; Heinselman, C.; Bahcivan, H.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Hysell, DL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
EM dlh37@cornell.edu
RI Larsen, Miguel/A-1079-2013; Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012; Nicolls,
Michael/N-8680-2013
OI Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715; Nicolls, Michael/0000-0001-8267-6327
NR 36
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 7
BP 1837
EP 1850
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 332HO
UT WOS:000258074300016
ER
PT J
AU Lepping, RP
Wu, CC
Berdichevsky, DB
Ferguson, T
AF Lepping, R. P.
Wu, C. -C.
Berdichevsky, D. B.
Ferguson, T.
TI Estimates of magnetic cloud expansion at 1 AU
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE interplanetary physics; interplanetary magnetic fields; solar wind
plasma; solar physics, astrophysics, and astronomy; flares and mass
ejections
ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; CONSTANT-ALPHA; FLUX ROPES; FIELD;
PARAMETERS; EVOLUTION; PLASMA; ERRORS; LOOP
AB In this study we analyze 53 magnetic clouds (MCs) of standard profiles observed in WIND magnetic field and plasma data, in order to estimate the speed of MC expansion (V(E)) at 1 AU, where the expansion is investigated only for the component perpendicular to the MCs' axes. A high percentage, 83%, of the good and acceptable quality cases of MCs (N(good)=64) were actually expanding, where "good quality" as used here refers to those MCs that had relatively well determined axial attitudes. Two different estimation methods are employed. The "scalar" method (where the estimation is denoted V(E,S)) depends on the average speed of the MC from Sun-to-Earth (), the local MC's radius (R(O)), the duration of spacecraft passage through the MC (at average local speed ), and the assumption that =. The second method, the "vector determination" (denoted V(E,V)), depends on the decreasing value of the absolute value of the Z-component (in MC coordinates) of plasma velocity (vertical bar V(Z)vertical bar) across the MC, the closest approach distance (Y(O)), and estimated R(O); the Z-component is related to spacecraft motion through the MC. Another estimate considered here, V'(E,V), is similar to V(E),(V) in its formulation but depends on the decreasing vertical bar V(Z)vertical bar across part of the MC, that part between the maximum and minimum points of vertical bar V(Z)vertical bar which are usually close to (but not the same as) the boundaries points. The scalar means of estimating V(E) is almost independent of any MC parameter fitting model results, but the vector means slightly depends on quantities that are model dependent (e. g. vertical bar CA vertical bar equivalent to vertical bar Y(O)vertical bar/R(O)). The most probable values of V(E) from all three means, based on the full set of N=53 cases, are shown to be around 30 km/s, but V(E) has larger average values of =49 km/s, =36 km/s, and =44 km/s, with standard deviations of 27 km/s, 38 km/s, and 38 km/s, respectively. The linear correlation coefficient for V(E,S) vs. V'(E,V) is 0.85 but is lower (0.76) for V(E,S) vs. V(E,V), as expected. The individual values of V(E) from all three means are usually well below the local Alfven velocities, which are on average (for the cases considered here) equal to 116 km/s around the inbound boundary, 137 km/s at closest approach, and 94 km/s around the outbound boundary. Hence, a shock upstream of a MC is not expected to be due to MC expansion. Estimates reveal that the errors on the "vector" method of estimating V(E) (typically about +/- 7 km/s, but can get as large as +/- 25 km/s) are expected to be markedly smaller than those for the scalar method (which is usually in the range +/-(15, 20) km/s, depending on MC speed). This is true, despite the fact that vertical bar CA vertical bar (on which the vector method depends) is not always well determined by our MC parameter fitting model (Lepping et al., 1990), but the vector method only weakly depends on knowledge of vertical bar CA vertical bar.
C1 [Lepping, R. P.; Wu, C. -C.; Berdichevsky, D. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Wu, C. -C.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[Berdichevsky, D. B.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Ferguson, T.] Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA.
RP Lepping, RP (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM ronald.p.lepping@nasa.gov
NR 36
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 1
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 7
BP 1919
EP 1933
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 332HO
UT WOS:000258074300023
ER
PT J
AU Mayr, HG
Mengel, JG
Huang, FT
Talaat, ER
Nash, ER
Reddy, CA
AF Mayr, H. G.
Mengel, J. G.
Huang, F. T.
Talaat, E. R.
Nash, E. R.
Reddy, C. A.
TI Stratospheric semi-decadal oscillations in NCEP data
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE meteorology and atmospheric dynamics; climatology; middle atmosphere
dynamics; waves and tides
ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; DOPPLER-SPREAD PARAMETERIZATION; WAVE
MOMENTUM DEPOSITION; SEMIANNUAL OSCILLATION; TROPICAL STRATOSPHERE;
MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE; GRAVITY-WAVE; KELVIN WAVE;
GLOBAL QBO
AB An analysis of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) data is presented to provide a more complete description of the stratospheric 5-year semi-decadal (SD) oscillation (Mayr et al., 2007). The zonal-mean temperature and zonal wind data from the Atmospheric Research R-1 analysis are employed, covering the years from 1962 to 2002 in the altitude range from 10 to 30 km. For diagnostic purposes, the data are separated into the hemispherically symmetric and anti-symmetric components, and spectral analysis is applied to identify the signatures of the SD oscillations. Through the synthesis or filtering of spectral features, the SD modulations of the annual oscillation (AO) and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) are delineated. In agreement with the earlier findings, the magnitude of the SD oscillation is more pronounced when the 30-month QBO dominates during the years from 1975 to 1995. This is consistent with results from a numerical model, which shows that such a QBO generates the SD oscillation through interaction with the 12-month AO. In the zonal winds, the SD oscillation in the NCEP data is confined to equatorial latitudes, where it modulates the symmetric AO and QBO by about 5 m/s below 30 km. In the temperature data, the effect is also seen around the equator, but it is much larger at polar latitudes where the SD oscillation produces variations as large as 2 K. Our data analysis indicates that the SD oscillation is mainly hemispherically symmetric, and it appears to originate at equatorial latitudes where most of the energy resides.
C1 [Mayr, H. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Mengel, J. G.; Nash, E. R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Huang, F. T.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Talaat, E. R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA.
RP Mayr, HG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM hans.g.mayr@nasa.gov
NR 45
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 8
BP 2143
EP 2157
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 341AS
UT WOS:000258687200006
ER
PT J
AU Oyama, KI
Hibino, K
Abe, T
Pfaff, R
Yokoyama, T
Liu, JY
AF Oyama, K. -I.
Hibino, K.
Abe, T.
Pfaff, R.
Yokoyama, T.
Liu, J. Y.
TI Energetics and structure of the lower E region associated with sporadic
E layer
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE ionosphere; electric fields and currents; ionospheric irregularities;
mid-latitude ionosphere
ID ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE; MIDLATITUDE; IRREGULARITIES
AB The electron temperature (T(e)), electron density (N(e)), and two components of the electric field were measured from the height of 90 km to 150 km by one of the sounding rockets launched during the SEEK-2 campaign. The rocket went through sporadic E layer (E(s)) at the height of 102 km-109 km during ascent and 99 km-108 km during decent, respectively. The energy density of thermal electrons calculated from N(e) and T(e) shows the broad maximum in the height range of 100-110 km, and it decreases towards the lower and higher altitudes, which implies that a heat source exists in the height region of 100 km-110 km. A 3-D picture of E(s), that was drawn by using T(e), N(e), and the electric field data, corresponded to the computer simulation; the main structure of E(s) is projected to a higher altitude along the magnetic line of force, thus producing irregular structures of T(e), N(e) and electric field in higher altitude.
C1 [Oyama, K. -I.; Liu, J. Y.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
[Hibino, K.] Univ Tokyo, Fac Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.
[Abe, T.] Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 229, Japan.
[Pfaff, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Yokoyama, T.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Aichi, Japan.
RP Oyama, KI (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, 300 Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
EM oyama@jupiter.ss.ncu.edu.tw
RI 魏, 孝慈/D-1493-2012; Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012; Liu, Jann-Yenq/Q-1668-2015
OI Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715;
FU government institutions; fishery Unions
FX The authors express their sincere thanks to the rocket launch crews of
the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science for their successful
operation. They also express their gratitude to all government
institutions and fishery Unions for their supports.; Topical Editor M.
Pinnock thanks H. S. S. Sinha and another anonymous referee for their
help in evaluating this paper.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 9
BP 2929
EP 2936
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 355IO
UT WOS:000259702800034
ER
PT J
AU Robbrecht, E
Hochedez, JF
Fleck, B
Gurman, J
Forsyth, R
AF Robbrecht, Eva
Hochedez, Jean-Francois
Fleck, Bernhard
Gurman, Joseph
Forsyth, Robert
TI SOHO 20 - Transient events on the Sun and in the heliosphere - Preface
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Robbrecht, Eva; Hochedez, Jean-Francois] SIDC Royal Observ Belgium, Brussels, Belgium.
[Fleck, Bernhard] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ESA RSS Dept, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Robbrecht, E (reprint author), SIDC Royal Observ Belgium, Brussels, Belgium.
RI Fleck, Bernhard/C-9520-2012
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 10
BP 2953
EP 2953
PG 1
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 360LQ
UT WOS:000260059400001
ER
PT J
AU Muller, DAN
Antiochos, SK
AF Mueller, D. A. N.
Antiochos, S. K.
TI Topologically driven coronal dynamics - a mechanism for coronal hole
jets
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 20th SOHO Workshop 2007
CY AUG 27-31, 2007
CL Ghent, BELGIUM
SP Univ Ghent, Organizing Inst, Royal Observ Belgium
ID CURRENT SHEET FORMATION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; BALD PATCHES; RECONNECTION;
NULLS
AB Bald patches are magnetic topologies in which the magnetic field is concave up over part of a photospheric polarity inversion line. A bald patch topology is believed to be the essential ingredient for filament channels and is often found in extrapolations of the observed photospheric field. Using an analytic source-surface model to calculate the magnetic topology of a small bipolar region embedded in a global magnetic dipole field, we demonstrate that although common in closed-field regions close to the solar equator, bald patches are unlikely to occur in the open-field topology of a coronal hole. Our results give rise to the following question: What happens to a bald patch topology when the surrounding field lines open up? This would be the case when a bald patch moves into a coronal hole, or when a coronal hole forms in an area that encompasses a bald patch. Our magnetostatic models show that, in this case, the bald patch topology almost invariably transforms into a null point topology with a spine and a fan. We argue that the time-dependent evolution of this scenario will be very dynamic since the change from a bald patch to null point topology cannot occur via a simple ideal evolution in the corona. We discuss the implications of these findings for recent Hinode XRT observations of coronal hole jets and give an outline of planned time-dependent 3-D MHD simulations to fully assess this scenario.
C1 [Mueller, D. A. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, European Space Agcy, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Mueller, D. A. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Support Dept, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Antiochos, S. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Muller, DAN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, European Space Agcy, Mail Code 671-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM dmueller@esa.nascom.nasa.gov
RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012
OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 10
BP 2967
EP 2974
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 360LQ
UT WOS:000260059400004
ER
PT J
AU Gopalswamy, N
Yashiro, S
Akiyama, S
Makela, P
Xie, H
Kaiser, ML
Howard, RA
Bougeret, JL
AF Gopalswamy, N.
Yashiro, S.
Akiyama, S.
Makela, P.
Xie, H.
Kaiser, M. L.
Howard, R. A.
Bougeret, J. L.
TI Coronal mass ejections, type II radio bursts, and solar energetic
particle events in the SOHO era
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 20th SOHO Workshop 2007
CY AUG 27-31, 2007
CL Ghent, BELGIUM
SP Univ Ghent, Organizing Inst, Royal Observ Belgium
DE Interplanetary physics; Interplanetary shocks; Solar physics,
astrophysics, and astronomy; Energetic particles; Flares and mass
ejections; Radio emissions
ID SHOCK-WAVES; NEAR-SUN; HOLES; SPACECRAFT
AB Using the extensive and uniform data on coronal mass ejections (CMEs), solar energetic particle (SEP) events, and type II radio bursts during the SOHO era, we discuss how the CME properties such as speed, width and solar-source longitude decide whether CMEs are associated with type II radio bursts and SEP events. We discuss why some radio-quiet CMEs are associated with small SEP events while some radio-loud CMEs are not associated with SEP events. We conclude that either some fast and wide CMEs do not drive shocks or they drive weak shocks that do not produce significant levels of particle acceleration. We also infer that the Alfven speed in the corona and near-Sun interplanetary medium ranges from <200 km/s to >= 1600 km/s. Radio-quiet fast and wide CMEs are also poor SEP producers and the association rate of type II bursts and SEP events steadily increases with CME speed and width (i.e. energy). If we consider western hemispheric CMEs, the SEP association rate increases linearly from similar to 30% for 800 km/s CMEs to 100% for >= 1800 km/s. Essentially all type II bursts in the decametre-hectometric (DH) wavelength range are associated with SEP events once the source location on the Sun is taken into account. This is a significant result for space weather applications, because if a CME originating from the western hemisphere is accompanied by a DH type II burst, there is a high probability that it will produce an SEP event.
C1 [Gopalswamy, N.; Kaiser, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Yashiro, S.; Akiyama, S.; Makela, P.; Xie, H.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Howard, R. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Bougeret, J. L.] Observ Paris, Meudon, France.
RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
EM nat.gopalswamy@nasa.gov
RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012;
OI Gopalswamy, Nat/0000-0001-5894-9954
NR 31
TC 57
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 10
BP 3033
EP 3047
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 360LQ
UT WOS:000260059400012
ER
PT J
AU Yashiro, S
Michalek, G
Gopalswamy, N
AF Yashiro, S.
Michalek, G.
Gopalswamy, N.
TI A comparison of coronal mass ejections identified by manual and
automatic methods
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 20th SOHO Workshop 2007
CY AUG 27-31, 2007
CL Ghent, BELGIUM
SP Univ Ghent, Organizing Inst, Royal Observ Belgium
DE Solar physics, astrophysics,and astronomy; Flares and mass ejections
ID CMES; DISTRIBUTIONS
AB Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are related to many phenomena (e.g. flares, solar energetic particles, geomagnetic storms), thus compiling of event catalogs is important for a global understanding these phenomena. CMEs have been identified manually for a long time, but in the SOHO era, automatic identification methods are being developed. In order to clarify the advantage and disadvantage of the manual and automatic CME catalogs, we examined the distributions of CME properties listed in the CDAW (manual) and CACTus (automatic) catalogs. Both catalogs have a good agreement on the wide CMEs (width <= 120 degrees) in their properties, while there is a significant discrepancy on the narrow CMEs (width <= 30 degrees): CACTus has a larger number of narrow CMEs than CDAW. We carried out an event-by-event examination of a sample of events and found that the CDAW catalog have missed many narrow CMEs during the solar maximum. Another significant discrepancy was found on the fast CMEs (speed>1000 km/s): the majority of the fast CDAW CMEs are wide and originate from low latitudes, while the fast CACTus CMEs are narrow and originate from all latitudes. Event-by-event examination of a sample of events suggests that CACTus has a problem on the detection of the fast CMEs.
C1 [Yashiro, S.; Michalek, G.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Yashiro, S.; Michalek, G.; Gopalswamy, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Michalek, G.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, Krakow, Poland.
RP Yashiro, S (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
EM seiji.yashiro@nasa.gov
RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012
NR 27
TC 30
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 10
BP 3103
EP 3112
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 360LQ
UT WOS:000260059400018
ER
PT J
AU Billingham, L
Schwartz, SJ
Sibeck, DG
AF Billingham, L.
Schwartz, S. J.
Sibeck, D. G.
TI The statistics of foreshock cavities: results of a Cluster survey
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Interplanetary physics; Discontinuities; Energetic particles; Planetary
bow shocks; Space plasma physics; Shock waves
ID EARTHS BOW SHOCK; UPSTREAM PRESSURE VARIATIONS; SOLAR-WIND; DIAMAGNETIC
CAVITIES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; DISCONTINUITIES; FLOW; HOT; MAGNETOSPHERE;
BOUNDARY
AB We use Cluster magnetic field, thermal ion, and energetic particle observations upstream of the Earth's bow shock to investigate the occurrence patterns of foreshock cavities. Such cavities are thought to form when bundles of magnetic field connect to the quasi-parallel bow shock. Shock-processed suprathermal ions can then stream along the field, back against the flow of the solar wind. These suprathermals enhance the pressure on shock-connected field lines causing them to expand into the surrounding ambient solar wind plasma. Foreshock cavities exhibit depressions in magnetic field magnitude and thermal ion density, associated with enhanced fluxes of energetic ions. We find typical cavity duration to be few minutes with interior densities and magnetic field magnitudes dropping to similar to 60% of those in the surrounding solar wind. Cavities are found to occur preferentially in fast, moderate magnetic field strength solar wind streams. Cavities are observed in all parts of the Cluster orbit upstream of the bow shock. When localised in a coordinate system organised by the underlying physical processes in the foreshock, there is a systematic change in foreshock cavity location with IMF cone angle. At low (high) cone angles foreshock cavities are observed outside (inside) the expected upstream boundary of the intermediate ion foreshock.
C1 [Billingham, L.; Schwartz, S. J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England.
[Sibeck, D. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Billingham, L (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England.
EM laurence.billingham@imperial.ac.uk
RI Sibeck, David/D-4424-2012;
OI Billingham, Laurence/0000-0002-5858-1579
FU UK STFC
FX The authors would like to thank the FGM (PIs: A. Balogh/ E. Lucek), and
CIS (PIs: H. Reeme/ I. Dandouras), and RAPID (PI: P. Daly) instrument
teams, and the teams responsible for the Queen Mary Science Analysis
System, and the Cluster Science Data System. We acknowledge the support
of the Royal Astronomical Society and the UK Institute of Physics C R
Barber fund. This work is supported by UK STFC through the award of a
studentship to LB and research grants to Imperial College London.
NR 39
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
EI 1432-0576
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 12
BP 3653
EP 3667
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 393YN
UT WOS:000262412500002
ER
PT J
AU Juusola, L
Amm, O
Frey, HU
Kauristie, K
Nakamura, R
Owen, CJ
Sergeev, V
Slavin, JA
Walsh, A
AF Juusola, L.
Amm, O.
Frey, H. U.
Kauristie, K.
Nakamura, R.
Owen, C. J.
Sergeev, V.
Slavin, J. A.
Walsh, A.
TI Ionospheric signatures during a magnetospheric flux rope event
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Ionosphere; Auroral ionosphere; Magnetospheric physics;
Magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; Plasma sheet
ID ELEMENTARY CURRENT SYSTEMS; BURSTY BULK FLOWS; CENTRAL PLASMA SHEET;
CONTINUATION; MAGNETOTAIL; SPACECRAFT; MODEL
AB On 13 August 2002, during a substorm, Cluster encountered two earthward moving flux ropes (FR) in the central magnetotail. The first FR was observed during the expansion phase of the substorm, and the second FR during the recovery phase. In the conjugate ionospheric region in Northern Fennoscandia, the ionospheric equivalent currents were observed by the MIRACLE network and the auroral evolution was monitored by the Wideband Imaging Camera (WIC) on-board the IMAGE satellite. Extending the study of Amm et al. (2006), we examine and compare the possible ionospheric signatures associated with the two FRs. Amm et al. studied the first event in detail and found that the ionospheric footprint of Cluster coincided with a region of downward field-aligned current. They suggested that this region of downward current, together with a trailing region of upward current further southwestward, might correspond to the ends of the FR. Unlike during the first FR, however, we do not see any clear ionospheric features associated with the second one. In the GSM xy-plane, the first flux rope axis was tilted with respect to the y-direction by 29 degrees, while the second flux rope axis was almost aligned in the y-direction, with an angle of 4 degrees only. It is possible that due to the length and orientation of the second FR, any ionospheric signatures were simply mapped outside the region covered by the ground-based instruments. We suggest that the ground signatures of a FR depend on the orientation and the length of the structure.
C1 [Frey, H. U.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Nakamura, R.] Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria.
[Owen, C. J.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England.
[Sergeev, V.; Walsh, A.] St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 198504, Russia.
[Slavin, J. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM liisa.juusola@fmi.fi
RI Owen, Christopher/C-2999-2008; Walsh, Andrew/E-6701-2011; Slavin,
James/H-3170-2012; Nakamura, Rumi/I-7712-2013; Sergeev,
Victor/H-1173-2013;
OI Owen, Christopher/0000-0002-5982-4667; Slavin,
James/0000-0002-9206-724X; Nakamura, Rumi/0000-0002-2620-9211; Sergeev,
Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631; Walsh, Andrew/0000-0002-1682-1212; Frey,
Harald/0000-0001-8955-3282
FU Finnish Graduate School in Electromagnetics; Academy of Finland [115947]
FX The IMAGE magnetometer data are collected as a
Estonian-Finnish-German-Norwegian-Polish-Russian-Swedish project. The
work of L. Juusola was supported by the Finnish Graduate School in
Electromagnetics. The work of O. Amm was supported by the grant 115947
of the Academy of Finland.; Topical Editor I. A. Daglis thanks two
anonymous referees for their help in evaluating this paper.
NR 30
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
EI 1432-0576
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 12
BP 3967
EP 3977
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 393YN
UT WOS:000262412500026
ER
PT S
AU Gee, K
Mathias, D
AF Gee, Ken
Mathias, Donovan
GP IEEE
TI Assessment of Launch Vehicle Debris Risk During Ascent Aborts
SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2008 PROCEEDINGS
SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 54th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
CY JAN 28-31, 2008
CL Las Vegas, NV
DE space launch vehicle; launch abort; trajectory; debris strike
probability
AB In the event of a space launch vehicle explosion during ascent, the debris field generated by the explosion poses a risk to the crew. To evaluate this risk, a model of the debris environment was created and used to determine the probability of a debris strike on the crew module. The model uses experimental data to determine the initial debris field due to a launch vehicle explosion and computes the trajectory of each piece of debris. The trajectory of the crew module after the abort is also computed. The relative position of the debris field and the crew module is determined as a function of time after abort and explosion. A debris flux about the crew module is computed based on this information. The debris flux is used to compute the probability of a debris strike on the crew module using the Poisson distribution. The effect of system and model parameters - such as warning time, the number of debris pieces and abort system thrust-on the debris strike probability is assessed.
C1 [Gee, Ken; Mathias, Donovan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Gee, K (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 258-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Ken.Gee-1@nasa.gov; Donovan.L.Mathias@nasa.gov
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-144X
BN 978-1-4244-1460-4
J9 P REL MAINT S
PY 2008
BP 72
EP 75
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BME58
UT WOS:000272027800013
ER
PT S
AU Mathias, DL
Go, S
Gee, K
Lawrence, S
AF Mathias, Donovan L.
Go, Susie
Gee, Ken
Lawrence, Scott
GP IEEE
TI Simulation Assisted Risk Assessment Applied to Launch Vehicle Conceptual
Design
SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2008 PROCEEDINGS
SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 54th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
CY JAN 28-31, 2008
CL Las Vegas, NV
DE Categories: Risk Assessment/Management; System Safety and Reliability
AB A simulation-based risk assessment approach is presented and is applied to the analysis of abort during the ascent phase of a space exploration mission. The approach utilizes groupings of launch vehicle failures, referred to as failure bins, which are mapped to corresponding failure environments. Physical models are used to characterize the failure environments in terms of the risk due to blast overpressure, resulting debris field, and the thermal radiation due to a fireball. The resulting risk to the crew is dynamically modeled by combining the likelihood of each failure, the severity of the failure environments as a function of initiator and time of the failure, the robustness of the crew module, and the warning time available due to early detection. The approach is shown to support the launch vehicle design process by characterizing the risk drivers and identifying regions where failure detection would significantly reduce the risk to the crew.
C1 [Mathias, Donovan L.; Go, Susie; Gee, Ken; Lawrence, Scott] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Mathias, DL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 258-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Donovan.L.Mathias@nasa.gov; Susie.Go-1@nasa.gov;
Scott.L.Lawrence@nasa.gov; kgee@mail.arc.nasa.gov
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-144X
BN 978-1-4244-1460-4
J9 P REL MAINT S
PY 2008
BP 76
EP 81
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BME58
UT WOS:000272027800014
ER
PT S
AU Lawrence, SL
Mathias, DL
AF Lawrence, Scott L.
Mathias, Donovan L.
GP IEEE
TI Blast Overpressure Modeling Enhancements for Application to
Risk-Informed Design of Human Space Flight Launch Abort Systems
SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2008 PROCEEDINGS
SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 54th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
CY JAN 28-31, 2008
CL Las Vegas, NV
DE Categories: Risk Assessment/Management; System Safety and Reliability
AB This paper describes recent enhancements to the engineering-level analysis tools used by the Simulation Assisted Risk Assessment (SARA) project (Ref 1) at NASA Ames Research Center in evaluating the blast overpressure risk to the crew. The primary enhancements to the model include incorporation of vapor cloud explosion (VCE) curve fits for propellant explosions, development of an improved model for the effects of vehicle velocity on blast propagation, improvement in the representation of blast/vehicle interaction effects, and incorporation of pressure vs. impulse (P-1) failure criteria to better represent structural failure modes. High-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, using the Overflow2 (Ref. 2) code, played a crucial role in the development of some of these enhancements. A subset of the high-fidelity results is presented.
C1 [Lawrence, Scott L.; Mathias, Donovan L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Lawrence, SL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 258-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Scott.L.Lawrence@nasa.gov; Donovan.L.Mathias@nasa.gov
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-144X
BN 978-1-4244-1460-4
J9 P REL MAINT S
PY 2008
BP 82
EP 87
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BME58
UT WOS:000272027800015
ER
PT S
AU Li, M
Pruessner, PS
AF Li, Ming
Pruessner, Paula S.
GP IEEE
TI Software Tools for PRA
SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2008 PROCEEDINGS
SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 54th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
CY JAN 28-31, 2008
CL Las Vegas, NV
DE PRA; Software Tools
AB Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) is performed to assess the probability of failure or success of a system's operation. Results provided by the risk assessment methodology are used to make decisions concerning choice of improvements to the design. PRA has been applied or recommended to NASA space applications to identify and mitigate their risks. The complexity of these tasks and varied information sources required for space applications makes solving them manually infeasible. Software tools are mandated
To date, numerous software tools have been developed and claimed as PRA solutions. It is always a concern which software best fits a particular PRA. The authors conducted a limited scope PRA on a NASA application using four different Reliability/PRA software tools (Relex, QRAS, SAPHIRE, GoldSim), which were readily available. The strength and weakness for each tool are identified and discussed. Recommendations on how to improve each tool to better satisfy NASA PRA needs are discussed.
C1 [Li, Ming] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SRS Technol, Mail Stop 300-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Pruessner, Paula S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Li, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SRS Technol, Mail Stop 300-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM mli@pop300.gsfc.nasa.gov; Paula.S.Pruessner@nasa.gov
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-144X
BN 978-1-4244-1460-4
J9 P REL MAINT S
PY 2008
BP 88
EP +
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BME58
UT WOS:000272027800016
ER
PT S
AU Go, S
AF Go, Susie
GP IEEE
TI A historical survey with success and maturity estimates of launch
systems with RL10 upper stage engines
SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2008 PROCEEDINGS
SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 54th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
CY JAN 28-31, 2008
CL Las Vegas, NV
DE reliability; historical survey; upper stage; RL10
AB Pratt & Whitney's RL10 engine line has a long and rich history, beginning in 1958 and continuing today. This paper provides a historical summary of launch vehicles using RL10 engine derivatives dating from 1962-2005. The historical launch data is used to derive baseline launch success rates and growth curves for vehicles configured with RL10 engines in the upper stage.
Because it was the first liquid hydrogen fueled rocket engine, the RL10 engine launch history provides a unique opportunity to investigate the maturity trends for revolutionary new complex systems. All of the data used in this survey was acquired through publicly-available sources [1-21]. In all, 190 vehicles configured with RL10 upper stage engines were launched between 1962 and 2005. There were 12 upper stage failures that either failed to reach orbit, or reached a lower, unintended orbit.
The early failures were dominated by knowledge gaps in system interactions and operational flight conditions. There is a clear trend of early development growth with an eventual plateau as system knowledge improved as a result of flight experience and more thorough test programs.
Failures due to process-based issues (fabrication techniques, quality control, etc.), however, do not appear to exhibit maturity growth. Eventually, as the knowledge-based failures are removed, these process-based failures become the dominant risk driver. Vehicles that use mature, highly-reliable components are still vulnerable to process or functional changes, and failures of this type occur fairly uniformly with flight experience.
In order to improve future reliability estimates for such systems, it is important to understand the trends and relationship between the knowledge-based and process-based issues, and determine which class of issues currently dominates. It should be noted that of the 12 upper stage failures, only one was caused by a defective part.
C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Go, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, M-S 258-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Susie.Go@nasa.gov
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-144X
BN 978-1-4244-1460-4
J9 P REL MAINT S
PY 2008
BP 494
EP 498
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BME58
UT WOS:000272027800086
ER
PT S
AU Sandford, SA
AF Sandford, Scott A.
TI Terrestrial Analysis of the Organic Component of Comet Dust
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
SE Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
DE comets; organics; astrochemistry; spectroscopy; ices; astrobiology;
meteorites; interplanetary dust particles
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; MURCHISON
CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE; AMINO-ACID SURVIVAL; INTERPLANETARY DUST; ICE
ANALOGS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; HALLEY DUST; DEUTERIUM ENRICHMENT; MONOCARBOXYLIC
ACIDS
AB The nature of cometary organics is of great interest, both because these materials are thought to represent a reservoir of the original carbon-containing materials from which everything else in our solar system was made and because these materials may have played key roles in the origin of life on Earth. Because these organic materials are the products of a series of universal chemical processes expected to operate in the interstellar media and star-formation regions of all galaxies, the nature of cometary organics also provides information on the composition of organics in other planetary systems and, by extension, provides insights into the possible abundance of life elsewhere in the universe. Our current understanding of cometary organics represents a synthesis of information front telescopic and spacecraft observations of individual comets, the study of meteoritic materials, laboratory simulations, and, now, the study of samples collected directly from a comet, Comet P81/Wild 2.
C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Sandford, SA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Scott.A.Sandford@nasa.gov
FU NASA
FX This work was supported by NASA grants from the Origins of Solar System,
Exobiology, Cosmochemistry, and Discovery Mission Programs. The author
is grateful to the many, many people who made the Stardust Mission both
a reality and a joy to work on. The author is also grateful for the
helpful advice and review of early of this manuscript provided by Dr. R.
N. Zare.
NR 140
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 15
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA
SN 1936-1327
BN 978-0-8243-4401-6
J9 ANNU REV ANAL CHEM
JI Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem.
PY 2008
VL 1
BP 549
EP 578
DI 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.113108
PG 30
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy
SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA 395LI
UT WOS:000262525200018
PM 20636089
ER
PT S
AU Soifer, BT
Helou, G
Werner, M
AF Soifer, Baruch T.
Helou, George
Werner, Michael
TI The Spitzer view of the extragalactic universe
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
SE Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
DE aromatic emission hands; far-infrared background; infrared astronomy;
massive high-redshift galaxies; star formation history; ultraluminous
infrared galaxies
ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; ACTIVE GALACTIC
NUCLEI; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON; ULTRA-DEEP-FIELD; SPECTRAL
ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; WARM MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES;
ULTRAVIOLET LUMINOSITY DENSITY; REST-FRAME ULTRAVIOLET
AB The Spitzer Space Telescope was launched in August 2003. Scientists from around the world have applied its orders-of-magnitude gain in imaging and spectroscopic capability to a wide array of topics in extragalactic research. Spitzer studies have found massive galaxies at redshifts greater than 6, resolved the cosmic background at 200 mu m > lambda > 20 mu m into the dusty infrared-luminous galaxies that comprise it, directly detected dust-enshrouded star formation, and measured the star formation history of the universe to z > 3. In this review we examine a small fraction of the extragalactic studies from Spitzer that have been conducted in its first three years of operations.
C1 [Soifer, Baruch T.; Helou, George] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Werner, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Astron & Phys Directorate, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Soifer, BT (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM bts@ipac.caltech.edu; gxh@ipac.caltech.edu;
mwerner@sirtfweb.jpl.nasa.gov
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
FX We wish to acknowledge all the people whose work we have been able to
cite, as well as those researchers whose work we were unable to cite
because of lack of space, and we thank many members of the Spitzer
community for providing suggestions and preprints. It is especially
appropriate to acknowledge the instrument teams whose beautiful
handiwork has led to the spectacular results we have described-the TRAC
team led by Giovanni Fazio, the IRS team led by James Houck, and the
MIPS team led by George Rieke. We thank E. van Dishoeck, B. Brandl, R.
Genzel, G. Rieke, and G. Neugebauer for commenting on the manuscript. We
also thank Marilyn Morgan, Mary Young, and Jim Jackson for editorial
assistance, and Caroline Bot for assistance in preparing Figure 13. This
work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA). Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with
NASA.
NR 204
TC 58
Z9 59
U1 0
U2 4
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA
SN 0066-4146
BN 978-0-8243-0946-6
J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR
JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.
PY 2008
VL 46
BP 201
EP 240
DI 10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145144
PG 40
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 350WH
UT WOS:000259383800008
ER
PT S
AU Tielens, AGGM
AF Tielens, A. G. G. M.
TI Interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
SE Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
DE infrared emission features; infrared spectroscopy; interstellar
chemistry; interstellar medium; interstellar molecules
ID INFRARED-EMISSION BANDS; HERBIG-AE/BE STARS; CATIONIC POLYAROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; GAS-PHASE; MU-M;
PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS; REFLECTION NEBULAE; PAH EMISSION; MICRON
EMISSION
AB Large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules carry the infrared (IR) emission features that dominate the spectra of most galactic and extragalactic sources. This review surveys the observed mid-IR characteristics of these emission features and summarizes laboratory and theoretical studies of die spectral characteristics of PAHs and the derived intrinsic properties of emitting interstellar PAHs. Dedicated experimental studies have provided critical input for detailed astronomical models that probe the origin and evolution of interstellar PAHs and their role in the universe. The physics and chemistry of PAHs are discussed, emphasizing the contribution of these species to the photoelectric heating and the ionization balance of the interstellar gas and to the formation of small hydrocarbon radicals and carbon chains. Together, these studies demonstrate that PAHs are abundant, ubiquitous, and a dominant force in the interstellar medium of galaxies.
C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Tielens, AGGM (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM tielens@astro.rug.nl
NR 188
TC 554
Z9 556
U1 16
U2 145
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA
SN 0066-4146
BN 978-0-8243-0946-6
J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR
JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.
PY 2008
VL 46
BP 289
EP 337
DI 10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145211
PG 49
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 350WH
UT WOS:000259383800010
ER
PT J
AU Smith, MD
AF Smith, Michael D.
TI Spacecraft observations of the Martian atmosphere
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES
SE Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
DE Mars; climate; remote sensing; temperature; dust; clouds
ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR; PLANETARY FOURIER
SPECTROMETER; ENCIRCLING DUST STORM; WATER-ICE CLOUDS; TES NADIR DATA;
INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MGS TES; OCCULTATION MEASUREMENTS; INFRARED
SPECTROSCOPY
AB Recent spacecraft observations of the Martian atmosphere show that the current climate has a distinct and generally repeatable pattern of seasonal and spatial variations. The half of the year that Mars is closest to the Sun is characterized by warm, dusty conditions, whereas the opposite season is relatively cool, free of dust, and dominated by a low-latitude band of water ice clouds. Water vapor is most abundant at high latitudes in the summertime of both hemispheres, whereas a polar hood of clouds forms over the winter polar region. The greatest year-to-year variations are caused by intermittent large dust storms, which also affect atmospheric temperature and circulation patterns on a global scale.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Smith, MD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Michael.D.Smith@nasa.gov
RI Smith, Michael/C-8875-2012
NR 94
TC 53
Z9 53
U1 4
U2 20
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA
SN 0084-6597
J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC
JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.
PY 2008
VL 36
BP 191
EP 219
DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124335
PG 29
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology
GA 308LO
UT WOS:000256391900008
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, CM
Beard, BL
Roden, EE
AF Johnson, Clark M.
Beard, Brian L.
Roden, Eric E.
TI The iron isotope fingerprints of redox and biogeochemical cycling in the
modern and ancient Earth
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES
SE Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
DE Precambrian; life; evolution; diagenesis
ID CONTINENTAL-MARGIN SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-CARBON OXIDATION; EARLY ARCHEAN
ERA; BILLION YEARS AGO; FE-ISOTOPE; ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; SULFATE
REDUCTION; FE(III) REDUCTION; FE(II)-FE(III) ELECTRON;
MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY
AB The largest Fe isotope fractionations occur during redox changes, as well as differences in bonding, but these are expressed only in natural environments in which significant quantities of Fe may be mobilized and separated. At the circumneutral pH of most low-temperature aqueous systems, Fe-aq(2+) is the most common species for mobilizing Fe, and Fe-aq(2+) has low Fe-56/Fe-54 ratios relative to Fe3+-bearing minerals. Of the variety of abiologic and biologic processes that involve redox or bonding changes, microbial Fe3+ reduction produces the largest quantities of isotopically distinct Fe by several orders of magnitude relative to abiologic processes and hence plays a major role in producing Fe isotope variations on Earth. In modern Earth, the mass of Fe cycled through redox boundaries is small, but in the Archean it was much larger, reflecting juxtaposition of large inventories of Fe2+ and Fe3+. Development of photosynthesis produced large quantities of Fe3+ and organic carbon that fueled a major expansion in microbial Fe3+ reduction in the late Archean, perhaps starting as early as similar to 3 Ga. The Fe isotope fingerprint of microbial Fe3+ reduction decreases in the sedimentary rock record between similar to 2.4 and 2.2 Ga, reflecting increased bacterial sulfate reduction and a concomitant decrease in the availability of reactive iron to support microbial Fe3+ reduction. The temporal C, S, and Fe isotope record therefore reflects the interplay of changing microbial metabolisms over Earth's history.
C1 [Johnson, Clark M.] Univ Wisconsin, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Johnson, CM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM clarkj@geologywisc.edu; beardb@geology.wisc.edu; eroden@geology.wisc.edu
NR 145
TC 173
Z9 186
U1 6
U2 114
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA
SN 0084-6597
J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC
JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.
PY 2008
VL 36
BP 457
EP 493
DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124139
PG 37
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology
GA 308LO
UT WOS:000256391900016
ER
PT J
AU Turyshev, SG
AF Turyshev, Slava G.
TI Experimental Tests of General Relativity
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE
SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
DE standard model extensions; cosmology; modified gravity; string theory;
scalar-tensor theories; equivalence principle; gravitational experiments
in space
ID INVERSE-SQUARE LAW; PREFERRED-FRAME THEORIES; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS;
ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; NEWLY RECOVERED DATA; SPACE-TIME FRAME;
EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE; SOLAR-SYSTEM; LORENTZ INVARIANCE; THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORKS
AB Einstein's general theory of relativity is the standard theory of gravity, especially where the needs of astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental physics are concerned. As such, this theory is used for many practical purposes involving spacecraft navigation, geodesy, and dine transfer. Here I review the foundations of general relativity, discuss recent progress in the tests of relativistic gravity in the Solar System, and present motivations for the new generation of high-accuracy gravitational experiments. I discuss the advances in our understanding of fundamental physics that are anticipated in the near future and evaluate the discovery potential of the recently proposed gravitational experiments.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Turyshev, SG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM turyshev@jpl.nasa.gov
FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology
FX The work described herein was carried out at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology under a contract
with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
NR 232
TC 66
Z9 69
U1 0
U2 7
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA
SN 0163-8998
J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S
JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.
PY 2008
VL 58
BP 207
EP 248
DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.58.020807.111839
PG 42
WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA 373IF
UT WOS:000260964600009
ER
PT S
AU Canuto, VM
Cheng, Y
AF Canuto, V. M.
Cheng, Y.
BE Deng, L
Chan, KL
TI Angular momentum and overshooting: two as yet unsolved problems in
stellar mixing
SO ART OF MODELLING STARS IN THE 21ST CENTURY
SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 252nd Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union
CY APR 06-11, 2008
CL Sanya, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Int Astron Union, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observatories
DE Stars: abundances; convection; turbulence
ID LOW-MASS STARS; TURBULENT CONVECTION; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION;
INTERNAL-ROTATION; GRAVITY-WAVES; MAIN-SEQUENCE; MODEL; TRANSPORT;
SURFACE; LAYER
AB Helioseismological data have given us two interesting results: the differential-to-uniform solar rotation curve and the extent of the overshooting region, (OV). As of today, no model (including numerical simulations) has been able to reproduce these findings. Here, we first present a new model for the angular momentum. It contains new terms representing vorticity and buoyancy that were left out in all previous formulations without a clear justification. It is shown that they extract angular momentum from the stellar core, a welcome feature since the standard angular momentum equation leads to a rotation curve that is considerably higher than what is observed. As for the overshooting extent, all models yield values that are an order of magnitude larger than the helio data of 0.07 H(p). We propose a criterion whose main ingredient is a new flux conservation law that includes new terms, one of which increases the dissipation in the radiative zone and thus lowers the OV extent, a tendency in the desired direction. Since we have not, coupled the new models to a solar structure-evolution code, we cannot at this stage carry out a comparison with the helio data. The purpose is to exhibit the fact that in both cases the missing ingredients are of such nature is to improve the previous model predictions. A proper quantification remains to be done.
C1 [Canuto, V. M.; Cheng, Y.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
RP Canuto, VM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM vcanuto@giss.nasa.gov; ycheng@giss.nasa.gov
NR 26
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 1743-9213
BN 978-0-521-88983-4
J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES
JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series
PY 2008
VL 4
IS 252
BP 67
EP 74
DI 10.1017/S1743921308022461
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIV31
UT WOS:000263138600010
ER
PT S
AU Gillam, SD
Owen, WM
Vaughan, AT
Wang, TCM
Costello, JD
Jacobson, RA
Bluhm, D
Pojman, JL
Ionasescu, R
AF Gillam, S. D.
Owen, W. M.
Vaughan, A. T.
Wang, T. -C. M.
Costello, J. D.
Jacobson, R. A.
Bluhm, D.
Pojman, J. L.
Ionasescu, R.
BE Proulx, RJ
Starchville, TF
Burnes, RD
Scheeres, DJ
TI Optical navigation for the Cassini/Huygens mission
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 19-23, 2007
CL Mackinac Isl, MI
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc
ID TITANS ATMOSPHERE; SPACECRAFT
AB Navigation of the Cassini orbiter and release of the Huygens probe to Saturn's moon Titan depended partly on high quality ground optical navigation data processing. Pictures of Saturn's nine major satellites were necessary to improve the orbits of the satellites and the spacecraft during cruise; particularly as Cassini approached Saturn orbit insertion (SOI). Optical navigation pictures continued to improve the precision of the satellite ephemerides for several months after SOL Optical navigation pictures (opnavs) continue to be vital to the maintenance of a precise knowledge of the spacecraft position. This paper describes the satellite center-finding tools and the opnav results that contribute to the continuing success of the mission.
C1 [Gillam, S. D.; Owen, W. M.; Vaughan, A. T.; Wang, T. -C. M.; Costello, J. D.; Jacobson, R. A.; Bluhm, D.; Pojman, J. L.; Ionasescu, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Gillam, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 21
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-543-5
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 129
BP 3
EP 19
PN I - III
PG 17
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BHX67
UT WOS:000257272900001
ER
PT S
AU Antreasian, PG
Bordi, JJ
Criddle, KE
Lonasescu, R
Jacobson, RA
Jones, JB
MacKenzie, RA
Parcher, DW
Pelletier, FJ
Roth, DC
Stauch, JR
AF Antreasian, P. G.
Bordi, J. J.
Criddle, K. E.
Lonasescu, R.
Jacobson, R. A.
Jones, J. B.
MacKenzie, R. A.
Parcher, D. W.
Pelletier, F. J.
Roth, D. C.
Stauch, J. R.
BE Proulx, RJ
Starchville, TF
Burnes, RD
Scheeres, DJ
TI Cassini orbit determination performance during saturn satellite tour:
August 2005 to January 2006
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 19-23, 2007
CL Mackinac Isl, MI
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc
AB During the period spanning the second Enceladus flyby in July 2005 through the eleventh Titan encounter in January 2006, the Cassini spacecraft was successfully navigated through eight close-targeted satellite encounters. Three of these encounters included the 500 km flybys of the icy satellites Hyperion, Dione and Rhea and five targeted flybys of Saturn's largest moon, Titan. This paper will show how our refinements to Saturn's satellite ephemerides have improved orbit determination predictions. These refinements include the mass estimates of Saturn and its satellites by better than 0.5%. Also, it will be shown how this better orbit determination performance has helped to eliminate several statistical maneuvers that were scheduled to clean-up orbit determination and/or maneuver-execution errors.
C1 [Antreasian, P. G.; Bordi, J. J.; Criddle, K. E.; Lonasescu, R.; Jacobson, R. A.; Jones, J. B.; MacKenzie, R. A.; Parcher, D. W.; Pelletier, F. J.; Roth, D. C.; Stauch, J. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Nav & Control Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Antreasian, PG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Nav & Control Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-543-5
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 129
BP 21
EP 40
PN I - III
PG 20
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BHX67
UT WOS:000257272900002
ER
PT S
AU Williams, PN
Gist, EM
Goodson, TD
Hahn, Y
Stumpf, PW
Wagner, SV
AF Williams, Powtawche N.
Gist, Emily M.
Goodson, Troy D.
Hahn, Yungsun
Stumpf, Paul W.
Wagner, Sean V.
BE Proulx, RJ
Starchville, TF
Burnes, RD
Scheeres, DJ
TI Cassini-Huygens maneuver experience: Third year of saturn tour
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 19-23, 2007
CL Mackinac Isl, MI
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc
AB The Cassini-Huygens spacecraft was launched in 1997 on a mission to observe Saturn and its many moons. After a seven-year cruise, Cassini-Huygens entered the Saturn orbit in 2004 for a four-year mission. This paper highlights significant maneuver activities performed during the third year of the tour. Specifically, results of 54 maneuvers, orbit trim maneuvers 65 to 118, are presented. Successful execution of these maneuvers have enabled Cassini-Huygens to complete the closest Titan flybys in the tour, as well as achieve inclined orbit. geometries to obtain never-before-seen views of Saturn and its rings.
C1 [Williams, Powtawche N.; Gist, Emily M.; Goodson, Troy D.; Hahn, Yungsun; Stumpf, Paul W.; Wagner, Sean V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Williams, PN (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-543-5
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 129
BP 41
EP 61
PN I - III
PG 21
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BHX67
UT WOS:000257272900003
ER
PT S
AU Pelletier, F
Buffington, BB
Strange, N
Denk, T
AF Pelletier, Frederic
Buffington, Brent B.
Strange, Nathan
Denk, Tilmann
BE Proulx, RJ
Starchville, TF
Burnes, RD
Scheeres, DJ
TI Re-aiming Cassini's Iapetus flyby
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 19-23, 2007
CL Mackinac Isl, MI
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc
AB Cassini's only targeted Iapetus flyby is scheduled for September 10, 2007. In 2006, inquireries were made to investigate the possibility to improve the flyby geometry. After numerous discussions and design variations, modifications to the trajectory were adopted by the Project in early 2007. The goal of the designers was to achieve a flyby geometry that maximized the science results for a reasonable propellant cost. This involved (as a major driver) the reassessment of a star occultation that took away observation time from remote sensing of the surface. Ground-tracks were also studied to ensure the observation of very interesting features near the satellite's equatorial line.
C1 [Pelletier, Frederic; Buffington, Brent B.; Strange, Nathan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance Nav & Control Sect, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Pelletier, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance Nav & Control Sect, Pasadena, CA USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-543-5
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 129
BP 63
EP 75
PN I - III
PG 13
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BHX67
UT WOS:000257272900004
ER
PT S
AU Naasz, BJ
Berry, K
Schatten, K
AF Naasz, Bo J.
Berry, Kevin
Schatten, Kenneth
BE Proulx, RJ
Starchville, TF
Burnes, RD
Scheeres, DJ
TI Orbit decay prediction sensitivity to solar flux variations
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 19-23, 2007
CL Mackinac Isl, MI
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc
AB It is well known that atmospheric density errors are the main source of uncertainty in orbit decay predictions. Perhaps less well known is the sensitivity of atmospheric density to solar activity. In this paper, we examine the sensitivity of orbit decay predictions to realistic daily variations in solar flux. We present results from analysis of orbit decay prediction for a variety of orbits, initial epochs, and predicted smooth flux profiles. For each set of initial conditions, we simulate multiple sample flux profiles with simulated daily variations, and compute the orbital re-entry date for comparison.
C1 [Naasz, Bo J.; Berry, Kevin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Flight Dynam Anal Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Naasz, BJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Flight Dynam Anal Branch, Code 595, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM bo.naasz_@_nasa.gov
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-543-5
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 129
BP 223
EP 241
PN I - III
PG 19
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BHX67
UT WOS:000257272900012
ER
PT S
AU Buffington, B
Strange, N
AF Buffington, Brent
Strange, Nathan
BE Proulx, RJ
Starchville, TF
Burnes, RD
Scheeres, DJ
TI Patched-integrated gravity-assist trajectory design
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 19-23, 2007
CL Mackinac Isl, MI
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc
ID ENCELADUS
AB Patched conics have long been the means by which gravity-assist trajectories have been constructed for preliminary analysis. However, Keplerian orbits are not always sufficient to effectively and efficiently design and evaluate tours that meet a mission's science requirements. For the design of the Cassini extended mission, perturbations due to Saturn's oblate gravity field had to be accounted for in order to accurately design flybys of Saturn's small inner moons, and to better manage the Delta v expended in high-inclination orbits. In response to this design challenge, a method has been developed to patch together central-body integrated trajectories with Keplerian orbits modeling gravity-assists, allowing the sequential build-up of preliminary tours dense in scientific return and, which more closely mirror flight-quality trajectories. This method proved invaluable in the design the Cassini extended mission.
C1 [Buffington, Brent; Strange, Nathan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Buffington, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Brent.Buffington@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-543-5
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 129
BP 403
EP 422
PN I - III
PG 20
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BHX67
UT WOS:000257272900022
ER
PT S
AU Strange, N
Russell, R
Buffington, B
AF Strange, Nathan
Russell, Ryan
Buffington, Brent
BE Proulx, RJ
Starchville, TF
Burnes, RD
Scheeres, DJ
TI Mapping the v-infinity globe
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 19-23, 2007
CL Mackinac Isl, MI
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc
ID EARTH-MARS CYCLERS; TRAJECTORIES; TOUR
AB This paper presents a graphical method for the design of transfers between the same gravity-assist body (i.e., same-body transfers). This graphical method collapses a large and complex space of possible trajectories to a map on which a tour designer may use intuition and experience to design a gravity-assist tour. This method was used with great success in the Cassini extended mission design.
C1 [Strange, Nathan; Russell, Ryan; Buffington, Brent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Strange, N (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-543-5
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 129
BP 423
EP 446
PN I - III
PG 24
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BHX67
UT WOS:000257272900023
ER
PT S
AU Wolf, A
Sklyanskiy, E
Tooley, J
Rush, B
AF Wolf, Aron
Sklyanskiy, Evgeniy
Tooley, Jeffrey
Rush, Brian
BE Proulx, RJ
Starchville, TF
Burnes, RD
Scheeres, DJ
TI Mars pinpoint landing systems
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 19-23, 2007
CL Mackinac Isl, MI
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc
AB Estimated landing accuracy at Mars has steadily improved, from within similar to 150 kin of the target (3-sigma) for Mars Pathfinder to similar to 35 kin for MER (both of which flew unguided ballistic entries), mainly due to improved approach navigation. The 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission will improve delivery to within similar to 10 kin using guided hypersonic entry to "fly out" atmospheric and vehicle aerodynamics uncertainties. "Pinpoint Landing" within 100m requires terrain-relative navigation, as well as additional propellant in powered descent which levies a penalty on EDL performance. Systems trades affecting this propellant mass penalty are explored here.
C1 [Wolf, Aron; Sklyanskiy, Evgeniy; Tooley, Jeffrey; Rush, Brian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Wolf, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-543-5
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 129
BP 959
EP 977
PN I - III
PG 19
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BHX67
UT WOS:000257272900050
ER
PT S
AU Jacobson, RA
Rush, BP
AF Jacobson, Robert A.
Rush, Brian P.
BE Proulx, RJ
Starchville, TF
Burnes, RD
Scheeres, DJ
TI Reconstruction of the Voyager Uranus encounter in the ICRF system
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 19-23, 2007
CL Mackinac Isl, MI
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc
ID CELESTIAL REFERENCE FRAME; OUTER PLANETS; URANIAN SATELLITES; FASTT
OBSERVATIONS; TRACKING DATA; RING ORBITS; POSITIONS; ASTROMETRY
AB The Uranian system was visited by the Voyager 2 spacecraft in January of 1986. In 2007 the planes of the Uranian satellite and ring system will appear edge on as viewed from the Earth. This geometry provides astronomers an unique opportunity to perform a wide variety of scientific measurements. Data acquired during 2007 will be analyzed together with previous observations such as those obtained by Voyager. To enhance the scientific study of the Uranian system, we have re-examined the Voyager mission as part of an extensive redetermination of the gravity field of Uranus, and the orbits of Uranus, its satellites, and its rings. This paper reports on our revised Voyager trajectory, now in the International Celestial Reference Frame and dynamically consistent with our latest gravity field and planet, satellite, and ring orbits.
C1 [Jacobson, Robert A.; Rush, Brian P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Jacobson, RA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-543-5
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 129
BP 1123
EP 1138
PN I - III
PG 16
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BHX67
UT WOS:000257272901007
ER
PT S
AU Lyons, DT
Sklyanskiy, E
AF Lyons, Daniel T.
Sklyanskiy, Evgeniy
BE Proulx, RJ
Starchville, TF
Burnes, RD
Scheeres, DJ
TI Interplanetary Waveriders for atmospheric sample return
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 19-23, 2007
CL Mackinac Isl, MI
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc
ID TRAJECTORIES; ASSIST; DESIGN
AB Interplanetary Waveriders use atmospheric lift to increase the effectiveness of gravity assist maneuvers by increasing the bending angle at the expense of departure speed. A detailed simulation of the atmospheric flyby segments of a possible waverider based, atmospheric sample return mission to Mars and Venus evaluates the possible difficulties associated with achieving and controlling such trajectories. The high departure speeds require very accurate targeting of both the departure speed and direction to minimize cleanup propellant requirements. Preliminary results show that the perturbed, integrated simulations of the atmospheric flight segments can achieve the departure V(infinity) targets from the reference interplanetary design.
C1 [Lyons, Daniel T.; Sklyanskiy, Evgeniy] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Lyons, DT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM daniel.t.lyons@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-543-5
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 129
BP 1169
EP 1188
PN I - III
PG 20
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BHX67
UT WOS:000257272901010
ER
PT S
AU Carpenter, JR
Berry, K
AF Carpenter, J. Russell
Berry, Kevin
BE Proulx, RJ
Starchville, TF
Burnes, RD
Scheeres, DJ
TI Artificial damping for stable long-term orbital covariance propagation
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 19-23, 2007
CL Mackinac Isl, MI
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc
AB Artificial damping may be introduced to stabilize two-body covariance propagation with random-walk-type process noise models, without markedly affecting definitive orbit determination performance. Although the supporting analysis is not strictly valid for non-two-body orbits, if one retains two-body dynamics for the covariance propagation only, the stabilizing effect of artificial damping may still remain. The proposed method may prove useful where complex covariance propagation models are not applicable, as a means of constraining the magnitude of the covariance growth during periods of long outages between definitive spans.
C1 [Carpenter, J. Russell; Berry, Kevin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Flight Dynam Anal Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Carpenter, JR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Flight Dynam Anal Branch, Code 595, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-543-5
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 129
BP 1697
EP 1707
PN I - III
PG 11
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BHX67
UT WOS:000257272901039
ER
PT S
AU Broschart, SB
Scheeres, DJ
AF Broschart, S. B.
Scheeres, D. J.
BE Proulx, RJ
Starchville, TF
Burnes, RD
Scheeres, DJ
TI On the implementation of spacecraft hovering under reduced-order
dead-band control
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 19-23, 2007
CL Mackinac Isl, MI
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc
ID SMALL BODIES; ITOKAWA
AB Hovering is a compelling spacecraft control scheme for close-proximity station-keeping near small bodies with diameters on the order of kilometers or less. Our previous paper 2 showed that the zero-velocity surface near a hovering spacecraft can be exploited to allow a dead-band control on motion in only one direction to fully bound the spacecraft motion. This paper explores that result further by developing sufficient conditions for bounded hovering using a dead-band control on altitude. We find that hovering trajectories close to the small-body surface can often be bounded by such a control. Numerical simulations of hovering are also presented that both validate the bound predicted by the theory and demonstrate how the theory can break down if realistic measurements are considered.
C1 [Broschart, S. B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Broschart, SB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Stephen.B.Broschart@jpl.nasa.gov; scheeres@umich.edu; scheeres@umich.edu
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-543-5
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 129
BP 2315
EP 2335
PN I - III
PG 21
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BHX67
UT WOS:000257272902022
ER
PT S
AU Baird, DT
Jah, M
Jefferson, D
Kennedy, B
Lewis, G
Martin-Mur, T
McElrath, T
Mottinger, N
Nandi, S
Thompson, PF
AF Baird, Darren T.
Jah, Moriba
Jefferson, David
Kennedy, Brian
Lewis, George
Martin-Mur, Tomas
McElrath, Tim
Mottinger, Neil
Nandi, Sumita
Thompson, Paul F.
BE Proulx, RJ
Starchville, TF
Burnes, RD
Scheeres, DJ
TI Stardust earth return orbit determination
SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III
SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference
CY AUG 19-23, 2007
CL Mackinac Isl, MI
SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc
AB The successful delivery of the Stardust sample return capsule (SRC) to the desired landing site at the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR) on January 15, 2006 was the culmination of a seven-year mission. To deliver the SRC to UTTR, the navigation team needed to determine the orbit of the spacecraft very accurately using only radiometric tracking data. During the last two months of the mission, three Trajectory Correction Maneuvers (TCMs) were executed to guide the spacecraft toward the target. Complications to the orbit prediction process were encountered because of frequent thruster firings, which were present since launch, and the difficulty of modeling increased torque caused by solar radiation pressure as the spacecraft neared Earth. To aid in trajectory prediction, an effort was made to separate the effects of TCM execution errors, solar pressure, and reaction control system (RCS) thrusting activity, but the dynamic nature of the spacecraft made the separation of these forces very difficult. Nonetheless, insights obtained from these studies were folded into a baseline filter strategy, which evolved as the spacecraft dynamics became better understood. Variations in data type, arc length, and estimated parameters around the baseline case were made, and a combination of existing and newly developed tools was used to create these variations and analyze the results in a standardized, systematic approach. While the SRC came within I km of the B-plane target, atmospheric dispersions caused the SRC to land 8.1 km from the ground target, which was within the 1-sigma error ellipse.
C1 [Baird, Darren T.; Jah, Moriba; Jefferson, David; Kennedy, Brian; Lewis, George; Martin-Mur, Tomas; McElrath, Tim; Mottinger, Neil; Nandi, Sumita; Thompson, Paul F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Baird, DT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
OI Jah, Moriba/0000-0003-1109-0374
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIVELT INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-543-5
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 129
BP 2785
EP 2797
PN I - III
PG 13
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BHX67
UT WOS:000257272902047
ER
PT B
AU Pence, W
AF Pence, William
BE Argyle, RW
Bunclark, PS
Lewis, JR
TI FITS Birds of a Feather session
SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVII
SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 17th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and
Systems
CY SEP 23-26, 2007
CL Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit, London,
ENGLAND
HO Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit
AB The FITS Birds-of-a-Feather session provides a forum for the FITS user community to exchange information about recent activities and to discuss current issues.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Pence, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-658-5
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2008
VL 394
BP 211
EP 212
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science
GA BIG77
UT WOS:000259393100036
ER
PT J
AU Jacobson, RA
Spitale, J
Porco, CC
Beurle, K
Cooper, NJ
Evans, MW
Murra, CD
AF Jacobson, R. A.
Spitale, J.
Porco, C. C.
Beurle, K.
Cooper, N. J.
Evans, M. W.
Murra, C. D.
TI Revised orbits of Saturn's small inner satellites
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE planets and satellites : general; celestial mechanics
ID MASSES
AB We have updated the orbits of the small inner Saturnian satellites using additional Cassini imaging observations through 2007 March. Statistically significant changes from previously published values appear in the eccentricities and inclinations of Pan and Daphnis, but only small changes have been found in the estimated orbits of the other satellites. We have also improved our knowledge of the masses of Janus and Epimetheus as a result of their close encounter observed in early 2006.
C1 [Jacobson, R. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Spitale, J.; Porco, C. C.] Space Sci Inst, Cassini Imaging Cent Lab Operat, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Beurle, K.; Cooper, N. J.; Evans, M. W.; Murra, C. D.] Univ London, Queen Mary, Sch Math Sci, Astron Unit, London E1 4NS, England.
RP Jacobson, RA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM robert.jacobson@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 9
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-6256
J9 ASTRON J
JI Astron. J.
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 135
IS 1
BP 261
EP 263
DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/261
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 251UB
UT WOS:000252399600022
ER
PT J
AU de Mello, DF
Torres-Flores, S
de Oliveira, CM
AF de Mello, D. F.
Torres-Flores, S.
de Oliveira, C. Mendes
TI Searching for star formation outside galaxies: Multiwavelength analysis
of the intragroup medium of Hickson Compact Group 100
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : clusters : individual
(HCG100); galaxies : stellar content
ID TIDAL DWARF GALAXIES; INTERACTING GALAXIES; ULTRAVIOLET; EVOLUTION;
TAILS; KINEMATICS; EMISSION; SEQUENCE; UNIVERSE; QUINTET
AB We use multiwavelength data (H I, FUV, NUV, R) to search for evidence of star formation in the intragroup medium of the Hickson Compact Group 100. We find that young star-forming regions are located in the intergalactic H I clouds of the compact group which extend to over 130 kpc away from the main galaxies. A tidal dwarf galaxy (TDG) candidate is located in the densest region of the H I tail, 61 kpc from the brightest group member and its age is estimated to be only 3.3 Myr. Fifteen other intragroup H II regions and TDG candidates are detected in the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) FUV image and within a field 10' x 10' encompassing the H I tail. They have ages <200 Myr, H I masses of 10(9.2-10.4) M(circle dot), 0.001 ,where lambda(i) < lambda(j) (and j not equal 24 mu m), have positive slopes within about twice the (K-band) effective radius. Evidently this variation arises because of an increase in stellar metallicity toward the galactic cores. Color profiles < K - j > all have positive slopes, particularly when j = 5.8 mu m, although no obvious absorption feature is observed in spectra of elliptical galaxies near 5.8 mu m. This, and the minimum in R-e, suggests that the K band may be anomalously luminous in metal-rich stars in galaxy cores. Unusual radial color profiles involving the 24 mu m passband may suggest that some 24 mu m emission comes from interstellar not circumstellar dust grains.
C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Temi, Pasquale] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
[Temi, Pasquale] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
[Brighenti, Fabrizio; Mathews, William G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Board Studies Astron & Astrophys, Univ Calif Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Brighenti, Fabrizio] Univ Bologna, Dipartmento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.
RP Temi, P (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, MA 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM ptemi@mail.arc.nasa.gov; fabrizio.brighenti@unibo.it;
mathews@ucolick.org
NR 27
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN 1
PY 2008
VL 672
IS 1
BP 244
EP 251
DI 10.1086/523668
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 266RF
UT WOS:000253454000022
ER
PT J
AU Bernard-Salas, J
Pottasch, SR
Gutenkunst, S
Morris, PW
Houck, JR
AF Bernard-Salas, J.
Pottasch, S. R.
Gutenkunst, S.
Morris, P. W.
Houck, J. R.
TI Neon and sulfur abundances of planetary nebulae in the Magellanic Clouds
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE infrared : general; ISM : abundances; Magellanic Clouds; planetary
nebulae : general
ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH IRS; GIANT BRANCH
EVOLUTION; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; CENTRAL STARS; HII-REGIONS; OPTICAL
SPECTROSCOPY; STELLAR EVOLUTION; MORPHOLOGY; EMISSION
AB The chemical abundances of neon and sulfur for 25 planetary nebulae (PNe) in the Magellanic Clouds are presented. These abundances have been derived using mainly infrared data from the Spitzer Space Telescope. The implications for the chemical evolution of these elements are discussed. A comparison with similarly obtained abundances of Galactic PNe and H II regions and Magellanic Cloud H II regions is also given. The average neon abundances are 6.0 x 10(-5) and 2.7 x 10(-5) for the PNe in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, respectively. These are similar to 1/3 and 1/6 of the average abundances of Galactic planetary nebulae to which we compare. The average sulfur abundances for the LMC and SMC are, respectively, 2.7 x 10(-6) and 1.0 x 10(-6). The Ne/S ratio (23.5) is on average higher than the ratio found in Galactic PNe (16), but the range of values in both data sets is similar for most of the objects. The neon abundances found in PNe and H II regions agree with each other. It is possible that a few (3-4) of the PNe in the sample have experienced some neon enrichment, but for two of these objects the high Ne/S ratio can be explained by their very low sulfur abundances. The neon and sulfur abundances derived in this paper are also compared to previously published abundances using optical data and photoionization models.
C1 [Bernard-Salas, J.; Gutenkunst, S.; Houck, J. R.] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Pottasch, S. R.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands.
[Morris, P. W.] CALTECH, IPAC, NASA, Herschel Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Bernard-Salas, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, 222 Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
NR 62
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN 1
PY 2008
VL 672
IS 1
BP 274
EP 286
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 266RF
UT WOS:000253454000025
ER
PT J
AU Starling, RLC
Van der Horst, AJ
Rol, E
Wijers, RAMJ
Kouveliotou, C
Wiersema, K
Curran, PA
Weltevrede, P
AF Starling, R. L. C.
Van der Horst, A. J.
Rol, E.
Wijers, R. A. M. J.
Kouveliotou, C.
Wiersema, K.
Curran, P. A.
Weltevrede, P.
TI Gamma-ray burst afterglows as probes of environment and blast wave
physics. II. The distribution of p and structure of the circumburst
medium
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE gamma rays : bursts
ID 28 FEBRUARY 1997; X-RAY; LIGHT CURVES; GRB 980519; ULTRARELATIVISTIC
SHOCKS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; RADIO AFTERGLOW;
VIEWING ANGLE; ERROR BOX
AB We constrain blast wave parameters and the circumburst media of a subsample of 10 BeppoSAX gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). For this sample we derive the values of the injected electron energy distribution index, p, and the density structure index of the circumburst medium, k, from simultaneous spectral fits to their X-ray, optical, and NIR afterglow data. The spectral fits have been done in count space and include the effects of metallicity, and are compared with the previously reported optical and X-ray temporal behavior. Using the blast wave model and some assumptions which include on-axis viewing and standard jet structure, constant blast wave energy, and no evolution of the microphysical parameters, we find a mean value of p for the sample as a whole of 2.04(-0.03)(+0.02). A statistical analysis of the distribution demonstrates that the p-values in this sample are inconsistent with a single universal value for p at the 3 sigma level or greater, which has significant implications for particle acceleration models. This approach provides us with a measured distribution of circumburst density structures rather than considering only the cases of k 0 (homogeneous) and k 2 (windlike). We find five GRBs for which k can be well constrained, and in four of these cases the circumburst medium is clearly windlike. The fifth source has a value of 0 <= k <= 1, consistent with a homogeneous circumburst medium.
C1 [Starling, R. L. C.; Rol, E.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
[Starling, R. L. C.; Van der Horst, A. J.; Wijers, R. A. M. J.; Wiersema, K.; Curran, P. A.; Weltevrede, P.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Kouveliotou, C.] Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
RP Starling, RLC (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
EM rlcs1@star.le.ac.uk
RI Curran, Peter/B-5293-2013;
OI Curran, Peter/0000-0003-3003-4626; Wijers, Ralph/0000-0002-3101-1808
NR 66
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN 1
PY 2008
VL 672
IS 1
BP 433
EP 442
DI 10.1086/521975
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 266RF
UT WOS:000253454000038
ER
PT J
AU Cottam, J
Paerels, F
Mendez, M
Boirin, L
Lewin, WHG
Kuulkers, E
Miller, JM
AF Cottam, J.
Paerels, F.
Mendez, M.
Boirin, L.
Lewin, W. H. G.
Kuulkers, E.
Miller, J. M.
TI The burst spectra of EXO 0748-676 during a long 2003 XMM-Newton
observation
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE binaries : general; stars : individual ( EXO 0748-676); stars : neutron;
X-rays : binaries; X-rays : bursts
ID NEUTRON-STAR; THERMONUCLEAR FLASHES; ABSORPTION-LINES; DISCOVERY;
FEATURES
AB Gravitationally redshifted absorption lines from highly ionized iron have been previously identified in the burst spectra of the neutron star in EXO 0748-676. To repeat this detection we obtained a long, nearly 600 ks observation of the source with XMM-Newton in 2003. The spectral features seen in the burst spectra from the initial data are not reproduced in the burst spectra from this new data. In this paper we present the spectra from the 2003 observations and discuss the sensitivity of the absorption structure to changes in the photospheric conditions.
C1 [Cottam, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Paerels, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Paerels, F.; Mendez, M.] SRON, Natl Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Boirin, L.] Observ Astron, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
[Lewin, W. H. G.] Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Kuulkers, E.] ISOC, ESA, ESAC, Madrid 28080, Spain.
[Miller, J. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Cottam, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Mendez, Mariano/C-8011-2012
OI Mendez, Mariano/0000-0003-2187-2708
NR 16
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN 1
PY 2008
VL 672
IS 1
BP 504
EP 509
DI 10.1086/524186
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 266RF
UT WOS:000253454000044
ER
PT J
AU Strohmayer, TE
Markwardt, CB
Kuulkers, E
AF Strohmayer, Tod E.
Markwardt, Craig B.
Kuulkers, Erik
TI Discovery of the spin frequency of 4U 0614+09 with the Swift Burst alert
telescope
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE stars : neutron; stars : rotation; stars : oscillations; X-rays :
bursts; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : individual (4U 0614+091)
ID X-RAY BINARIES; MILLISECOND PULSAR; DONORS
AB We report the discovery of burst oscillations at 414.7 Hz during a thermonuclear X-ray burst from the low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) 4U 0614+091 with the Burst Alert Telescope ( BAT) on board Swift. In a search of the BAT archive, we found two burst triggers consistent with the position of 4U 0614+091. We searched both bursts for high-frequency timing signatures and found a significant detection at 414.7 Hz during a 5 s interval in the cooling tail of the brighter burst. This result establishes the spin frequency of the neutron star in 4U 0614+091 as approximate to 415 Hz. The oscillation had an average amplitude (rms) of 14%. These results are consistent with those known for burst oscillations seen in other LMXBs. The inferred ratio of the frequency difference between the twin kHz quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and the spin frequency Delta v/v(s), in this source is strongly inconsistent with either 0.5 or 1 and tends to support the recent suggestions by Yin et al. and Mendez & Belloni that the kHz QPO frequency difference may not have a strong connection to the neutron star spin frequency.
C1 [Strohmayer, Tod E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Markwardt, Craig B.] UMD, CRESST, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kuulkers, Erik] ESAC, ESA, ISOC, Madrid, Spain.
RP Strohmayer, TE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM stroh@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; craigm@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov;
Erik.Kuulkers@esa.int
NR 16
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 2041-8205
EI 2041-8213
J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT
JI Astrophys. J. Lett.
PD JAN 1
PY 2008
VL 672
IS 1
BP L37
EP L40
DI 10.1086/526546
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 291XY
UT WOS:000255231900010
ER
PT J
AU Sterling, NC
Dinerstein, HL
AF Sterling, N. C.
Dinerstein, Harriet L.
TI The abundances of light neutron-capture elements in planetary nebulae.
II. s-process enrichments and interpretation
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES
LA English
DT Review
DE infrared : general; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances;
planetary nebulae : general; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : evolution
ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; WOLF-RAYET NUCLEI; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; WC
CENTRAL STARS; OPTICAL RECOMBINATION LINES; STATISTICAL DISTANCE SCALE;
NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY-BALANCE TEMPERATURE;
HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; DUST EMISSION FEATURES
AB We present the results of a large-scale survey of neutron(n)-capture elements in Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe), undertaken to study enrichments from s-process nucleosynthesis in their progenitor stars. From new K-band observations of over 100 PNe supplemented by data from the literature, we have detected the emission lines [Kr III] 2.199 mu m and/or [Se IV] 2.287 mu m in 81 of 120 objects. We determine Se and Kr elemental abundances, employing ionization correction formulae derived in the first paper of this series. We find a significant range in Se and Kr abundances, from near solar (no enrichment) to enhanced by > 1.0 dex relative to solar, which we interpret as self-enrichment due to in situ s-process nucleosynthesis. Kr tends to be more strongly enriched than Se; in 18 objects exhibiting both Se and Kr emission, we find that [Kr/Se] = 0.5 +/- 0.2. Our survey has increased the number of PNe with n-capture element abundance determinations by a factor of 10, enabling us for the first time to search for correlations with other nebular properties. As expected, we find a positive correlation between s-process enrichments and the C/O ratio. Type I and bipolar PNe, which arise from intermediate-mass progenitors (> 3-4 M-circle dot), exhibit little to no s-process enrichments. Finally, PNe with H-deficient Wolf-Rayet central stars do not exhibit systematically larger s-process enrichments than objects with H-rich nuclei. Overall, 44% of the PNe in our sample display significant s-process enrichments (> 0.3 dex). Using an empirical PN luminosity function to correct for incompleteness, we estimate that the true fraction of s-process enriched Galactic PNe is at least 20%.
C1 [Sterling, N. C.; Dinerstein, Harriet L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
RP Sterling, NC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM sterling@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; harriet@astro.as.utexas.edu
NR 309
TC 54
Z9 54
U1 0
U2 5
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0067-0049
EI 1538-4365
J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S
JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser.
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 174
IS 1
BP 158
EP 201
DI 10.1086/520845
PG 44
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 258BO
UT WOS:000252843600009
ER
PT J
AU Sahai, R
Young, K
Patel, N
Contreras, CS
Morris, M
AF Sahai, R.
Young, K.
Patel, N.
Contreras, C. Sanchez
Morris, M.
TI A massive, dusty toroid with large grains in the pre-planetary nebula
IRAS22036+5306
SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE circumstellar matter; planetary nebulae : individual (IRAS 22036+5306);
reflection nebulae; AGB and post-AGB stars; mass loss; winds & outflows;
interferometry
ID PLANETARY-NEBULAE; PROTOPLANETARY; BINARY; TORUS; STARS; WINDS; JETS
AB Using the Submillimeter Array (SMA), we have obtained high angular-resolution (similar to 1 '') interferometric maps of the submillimeter (0.88 mm) continuum and CO J = 3-2 line from IRAS 22036+5306 (I 22036), a bipolar preplanetary nebula (PPN )with knotty jets discovered in our HST SNAPshot survey of young PPNe. In addition, we have obtained supporting lower-resolution (similar to 10 '') 2.6 mm continuum and CO, (CO)-C-13 J = 1-0 observations with the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) interferometer. We find an unresolved source of submillimeter (and millimeter wave) continuum emission in I 22036, implying a very substantial mass (0.02-0.04M(circle dot)) of large (i.e., radius similar to 1 mm), cold (less than or similar to 50 K) dust grains associated with I 22036' s toroidal waist. The CO J = 3-2 observations show the presence of a very fast (similar to 220 km s(-1)), highly collimated, massive (0.03M(circle dot)) bipolar outflow with a very large scalar momentum (about 10(39) g cms(-1)), and the characteristic spatiokinematic structure of bow-shocks at the tips of this outflow. The fast outflow in I 22036, as in most PPNe, cannot be driven by radiation pressure. The large mass of the torus suggests that it has most likely resulted from common-envelope evolution in a binary, however it remains to be seen whether or not the time-scales required for the growth of grains to millimeter sizes in the torus are commensurate with such a formation scenario. The presence of the torus should facilitate the formation of the accretion disk needed to launch the jet. We also find that the C-13/C-12 ratio in I 22036 is very high (0.16), close to the maximum value achieved in equilibrium CNO-nucleosynthesis (0.33). The combination of the high circumstellar mass (i.e., in the torus and an extended dust shell inferred from ISO far-infrared spectra) and the high C-13/C-12 ratio in I 22036 provides strong support for this object having evolved from a massive (greater than or similar to 4M(circle dot)) progenitor in which hot-bottom-burning has occurred.
C1 [Sahai, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Young, K.; Patel, N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Contreras, C. Sanchez] CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, Madrid 28006, Spain.
[Morris, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Sahai, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM sahai@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 13
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0004-640X
J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI
JI Astrophys. Space Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 313
IS 1-3
BP 241
EP 244
DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9644-z
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 248NI
UT WOS:000252159900043
ER
PT S
AU Aumann, HH
Pagano, TS
AF Aumann, Hartmut H.
Pagano, Thomas S.
BE Goldberg, MD
Bloom, HJ
Ardanuy, PE
Huang, AHL
TI Using AIRS and IASI data to evaluate absolute radiometric accuracy and
stability for climate applications
SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND
UTILIZATION IV: READINESS FOR GEOSS II
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data
Processing and Utilization IV - Readiness for GEOSS II
CY AUG 12-14, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Hyperspectral; infrared; polar orbiter; EOS Aqua; Metop-A; calibration
ID SEA-SURFACE
AB The creation of multi-decadal data sets for climate research requires better than 100 mK absolute calibration accuracy for the full range of spectral temperatures encountered under global conditions. Validation that this accuracy is achieved by the operational hyperspectral sounders from polar orbit is facilitated by comparing data from two instruments. Extreme radiometric calibration stability is critical to allow a long time series of noisy, but presumably long-term accurate truth measurements to be used for the validation of absolute accuracy at the 100 mK level. We use the RTGSST in the tropical oceans as ground truth. The difference between the AIRS derived sst2616 and the RTGSST based on six years of data shows a systematic cold bias of about 250 mK, but better than 4 mK/year stability. The double difference between AIRS and the RTGSST and IASI and the RTGSST with less than one year of data already allows statements at the 100 mK absolute level. It shows a 60 mK difference between the AIRS and the IASI calibration at 2616 cm(-1) and 300 K, with a statistically insignificant 20 mK shift in six months.
C1 [Aumann, Hartmut H.; Pagano, Thomas S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Aumann, HH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 8
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7305-9
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 7085
AR 708504
DI 10.1117/12.795225
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing
GA BIR88
UT WOS:000262362100003
ER
PT J
AU Sica, RJ
Izawa, MRM
Walker, KA
Boone, C
Petelina, SV
Argall, PS
Bernath, P
Burns, GB
Catoire, V
Collins, RL
Daffer, WH
De Clercq, C
Fan, ZY
Firanski, BJ
French, WJR
Gerard, P
Gerding, M
Granville, J
Innis, JL
Keckhut, P
Kerzenmacher, T
Klekociuk, AR
Kyro, E
Lambert, JC
Llewellyn, EJ
Manney, GL
McDermid, IS
Mizutani, K
Murayama, Y
Piccolo, C
Raspollini, P
Ridolfi, M
Robert, C
Steinbrecht, W
Strawbridge, KB
Strong, K
Stuebi, R
Thurairajah, B
AF Sica, R. J.
Izawa, M. R. M.
Walker, K. A.
Boone, C.
Petelina, S. V.
Argall, P. S.
Bernath, P.
Burns, G. B.
Catoire, V.
Collins, R. L.
Daffer, W. H.
De Clercq, C.
Fan, Z. Y.
Firanski, B. J.
French, W. J. R.
Gerard, P.
Gerding, M.
Granville, J.
Innis, J. L.
Keckhut, P.
Kerzenmacher, T.
Klekociuk, A. R.
Kyro, E.
Lambert, J. C.
Llewellyn, E. J.
Manney, G. L.
McDermid, I. S.
Mizutani, K.
Murayama, Y.
Piccolo, C.
Raspollini, P.
Ridolfi, M.
Robert, C.
Steinbrecht, W.
Strawbridge, K. B.
Strong, K.
Stuebi, R.
Thurairajah, B.
TI Validation of the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) version 2.2
temperature using ground-based and space-borne measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CANADIAN METEOROLOGICAL CENTER; RESOLUTION DOPPLER IMAGER; DATA
ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; MESOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; MIDDLE
ATMOSPHERE; STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES; RESEARCH SATELLITE;
LIMB-EMISSION; MIXING-RATIO
AB An ensemble of space-borne and ground-based instruments has been used to evaluate the quality of the version 2.2 temperature retrievals from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). The agreement of ACE-FTS temperatures with other sensors is typically better than 2 K in the stratosphere and upper troposphere and 5 K in the lower mesosphere. There is evidence of a systematic high bias (roughly 3-6 K) in the ACE-FTS temperatures in the mesosphere, and a possible systematic low bias (roughly 2 K) in ACE-FTS temperatures near 23 km. Some ACE-FTS temperature profiles exhibit unphysical oscillations, a problem fixed in preliminary comparisons with temperatures derived using the next version of the ACE-FTS retrieval software. Though these relatively large oscillations in temperature can be on the order of 10 K in the mesosphere, retrieved volume mixing ratio profiles typically vary by less than a percent or so. Statistical comparisons suggest these oscillations occur in about 10% of the retrieved profiles. Analysis from a set of coincident lidar measurements suggests that the random error in ACE-FTS version 2.2 temperatures has a lower limit of about +/- 2 K.
C1 [Sica, R. J.; Argall, P. S.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON, Canada.
[Izawa, M. R. M.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON, Canada.
[Walker, K. A.; Boone, C.; Bernath, P.; Fan, Z. Y.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Walker, K. A.; Strong, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Petelina, S. V.; Llewellyn, E. J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada.
[Petelina, S. V.] La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, Bundoora, Vic, Australia.
[Bernath, P.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Burns, G. B.; French, W. J. R.; Innis, J. L.; Klekociuk, A. R.] Australian Antarctic Div, Ice Ocean Atmosphere & Climate Program, Kingston, Tas, Australia.
[Catoire, V.; Steinbrecht, W.] Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys Chim & Environm, F-45067 Orleans, France.
[Collins, R. L.; Thurairajah, B.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA.
[Collins, R. L.; Thurairajah, B.] Univ Alaska, Atmospher Sci Program, Fairbanks, AK USA.
[Daffer, W. H.] Columbus Technol Inc, Pasadena, CA USA.
[De Clercq, C.; Gerard, P.; Granville, J.; Lambert, J. C.] IASB BIRA, Brussels, Belgium.
[Firanski, B. J.; Strawbridge, K. B.] CARE, Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Egbert, ON, Canada.
[Gerding, M.] Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys, Kuhlungsborn, Germany.
[Keckhut, P.] UVSQ, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Serv Aeron, Verrieres Le Buisson, France.
[Kyro, E.] Arctic Environm Res Ctr, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Sodankyla, Finland.
[Manney, G. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
[McDermid, I. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA USA.
[Mizutani, K.; Murayama, Y.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Tokyo, Japan.
[Piccolo, C.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
[Raspollini, P.] CNR, Ist Fis Applicata Nello Carrara, Florence, Italy.
[Ridolfi, M.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim Fis & Inorgan, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
[Stuebi, R.] Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol, MeteoSwiss Aerol Stn, Payerne, Switzerland.
RP Sica, RJ (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON, Canada.
EM sica@uwo.ca
RI Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/G-6113-2010; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Strong,
Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Catoire, Valery/E-9662-2015; Klekociuk,
Andrew/A-4498-2015;
OI Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/0000-0003-0680-6729; Bernath,
Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Catoire, Valery/0000-0001-8126-3096;
Klekociuk, Andrew/0000-0003-3335-0034; Murayama,
Yasuhiro/0000-0003-1129-334X
NR 92
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 1
BP 35
EP 62
PG 28
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 273CM
UT WOS:000253908000004
ER
PT J
AU Dubovik, O
Lapyonok, T
Kaufman, YJ
Chin, M
Ginoux, P
Kahn, RA
Sinyuk, A
AF Dubovik, O.
Lapyonok, T.
Kaufman, Y. J.
Chin, M.
Ginoux, P.
Kahn, R. A.
Sinyuk, A.
TI Retrieving global aerosol sources from satellites using inverse modeling
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC
TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; METEOROLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONS; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION;
THEORETICAL ASPECTS; SPECTRAL RADIANCES
AB Understanding aerosol effects on global climate requires knowing the global distribution of tropospheric aerosols. By accounting for aerosol sources, transports, and removal processes, chemical transport models simulate the global aerosol distribution using archived meteorological fields. We develop an algorithm for retrieving global aerosol sources from satellite observations of aerosol distribution by inverting the GOCART aerosol transport model.
The inversion is based on a generalized, multi-term least-squares-type fitting, allowing flexible selection and refinement of a priori algorithm constraints. For example, limitations can be placed on retrieved quantity partial derivatives, to constrain global aerosol emission space and time variability in the results. Similarities and differences between commonly used inverse modeling and remote sensing techniques are analyzed. To retain the high space and time resolution of long-period, global observational records, the algorithm is expressed using adjoint operators.
Successful global aerosol emission retrievals at 2 degrees x2.5 degrees resolution were obtained by inverting GOCART aerosol transport model output, assuming constant emissions over the diurnal cycle, and neglecting aerosol compositional differences. In addition, fine and coarse mode aerosol emission sources were inverted separately from MODIS fine and coarse mode aerosol optical thickness data, respectively. These assumptions are justified, based on observational coverage and accuracy limitations, producing valuable aerosol source locations and emission strengths. From two weeks of daily MODIS observations during August 2000, the global placement of fine mode aerosol sources agreed with available independent knowledge, even though the inverse method did not use any a priori information about aerosol sources, and was initialized with a 'zero aerosol emission' assumption. Retrieving coarse mode aerosol emissions was less successful, mainly because MODIS aerosol data over highly reflecting desert dust sources is lacking.
The broader implications of applying our approach are also discussed.
C1 [Dubovik, O.] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
[Dubovik, O.; Lapyonok, T.; Sinyuk, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Lapyonok, T.; Sinyuk, A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Kaufman, Y. J.; Chin, M.; Kahn, R. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Ginoux, P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Kahn, R. A.] Geophys Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Dubovik, O (reprint author), Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
EM dubovik@loa.univ-lille1.fr
RI Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Chin,
Mian/J-8354-2012; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012
OI Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988;
Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359
NR 99
TC 61
Z9 62
U1 0
U2 19
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 2
BP 209
EP 250
PG 42
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 273CN
UT WOS:000253908100004
ER
PT J
AU Ekstroem, M
Eriksson, P
Read, WG
Milz, M
Murtagh, DP
AF Ekstroem, M.
Eriksson, P.
Read, W. G.
Milz, M.
Murtagh, D. P.
TI Comparison of satellite limb-sounding humidity climatologies of the
uppermost tropical troposphere
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ICE-SUPERSATURATED REGIONS; SUB-MM RETRIEVALS; WATER-VAPOR;
RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; DEEP CONVECTION; CIRRUS CLOUDS; VALIDATION; MLS;
STRATOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE
AB Humidity climatologies of the tropical uppermost troposphere from satellite limb emission measurements have been compared. Four instruments are considered; UARS-MLS, Odin-SMR, and Aura-MLS operating in the microwave region, and MIPAS in the infrared region. A reference for the comparison is obtained by MOZAIC in-situ measurements.
The upper tropospheric humidity products were compared on basis of their empirical probability density functions and seasonally averaged horizontal fields at two altitude layers, 12 and 15 km. The probability density functions of the microwave datasets were found to be in very good agreement with each other, and were also consistent with MOZAIC. The average seasonal humidities differ with less than 10%RHi between the instruments, indicating that stated measurement accuracies of 20-30% are conservative estimates. The systematic uncertainty in Odin-SMR data due to cloud correction was also independently estimated to be 10%RHi. MIPAS humidity profiles were found to suffer from cloud contamination, with only 30% of the measurements reaching into the upper troposphere, but under clear-sky conditions there is a good agreement between MIPAS, Odin-SMR and Aura-MLS.
Odin-SMR and the two MLS datasets can be treated as independent, being based on different underlying spectroscopy and technology. The good agreement between the microwave limb-sounders, and MOZAIC, is therefore an important step towards understanding the upper tropospheric humidity. The found accuracy of 10%RHi is approaching the level required to validate climate modelling of the upper troposphere humidity. The comparison of microwave and infrared also stresses that microwave limb-sounding is necessary for a complete view of the upper troposphere.
C1 [Ekstroem, M.; Eriksson, P.; Murtagh, D. P.] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Read, W. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Milz, M.] Lulea Tech Univ, Dept Space Sci, Kiruna, Sweden.
[Milz, M.] Univ Karlsruhe, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforschung, Karlsruhe, Germany.
RP Ekstroem, M (reprint author), Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
EM mattias.ekstrom@chalmers.se
RI Eriksson, Patrick/A-5321-2009; Milz, Mathias/C-9899-2011; The Odin
satellite, aeronomy mission/F-1671-2011; Murtagh, Donal/F-8694-2011
OI Eriksson, Patrick/0000-0002-8475-0479; Milz,
Mathias/0000-0002-4478-2185; Murtagh, Donal/0000-0003-1539-3559
NR 44
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 2
BP 309
EP 320
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 273CN
UT WOS:000253908100010
ER
PT J
AU Manney, GL
Daffer, WH
Strawbridge, KB
Walker, KA
Boone, CD
Bernath, PF
Kerzenmacher, T
Schwartz, MJ
Strong, K
Sica, RJ
Kruger, K
Pumphrey, HC
Lambert, A
Santee, ML
Livesey, NJ
Remsberg, EE
Mlynczak, MG
Russell, JR
AF Manney, G. L.
Daffer, W. H.
Strawbridge, K. B.
Walker, K. A.
Boone, C. D.
Bernath, P. F.
Kerzenmacher, T.
Schwartz, M. J.
Strong, K.
Sica, R. J.
Krueger, K.
Pumphrey, H. C.
Lambert, A.
Santee, M. L.
Livesey, N. J.
Remsberg, E. E.
Mlynczak, M. G.
Russell, J. R., III
TI The high Arctic in extreme winters: vortex, temperature, and MLS and
ACE-FTS trace gas evolution
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID STRATOSPHERIC POLAR VORTEX; AURA SATELLITE; EOS MLS; PROFILES;
CIRCULATION; RETRIEVALS; TROPOPAUSE; MESOSPHERE; QUALITY; EVENTS
AB The first three Arctic winters of the ACE mission represented two extremes of winter variability: Stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) in 2004 and 2006 were among the strongest, most prolonged on record; 2005 was a record cold winter. Canadian Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) Validation Campaigns were conducted at Eureka (80 degrees N, 86 W) during each of these winters. New satellite measurements from ACE-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER), and Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), along with meteorological analyses and Eureka lidar temperatures, are used to detail the meteorology in these winters, to demonstrate its influence on transport, and to provide a context for interpretation of ACE-FTS and validation campaign observations. During the 2004 and 2006 SSWs, the vortex broke down throughout the stratosphere, reformed quickly in the upper stratosphere, and remained weak in the middle and lower stratosphere. The stratopause reformed at very high altitude, near 75 km. ACE measurements covered both vortex and extra-vortex conditions in each winter, except in late-February through mid-March 2004 and 2006, when the strong, pole-centered vortex that reformed after the SSWs resulted in ACE sampling only inside the vortex in the middle through upper stratosphere. The 2004 and 2006 Eureka campaigns were during the recovery from the SSWs, with the redeveloping vortex over Eureka. 2005 was the coldest winter on record in the lower stratosphere, but with an early final warming in mid-March. The vortex was over Eureka at the start of the 2005 campaign, but moved away as it broke up. Disparate temperature profile structure and vortex evolution resulted in much lower (higher) temperatures in the upper (lower) stratosphere in 2004 and 2006 than in 2005. Satellite temperatures agree well with lidar data up to 50-60 km, and ACE-FTS, MLS and SABER show good agreement in high-latitude temperatures throughout the winters. Consistent with a strong, cold upper stratospheric vortex and enhanced radiative cooling after the SSWs, MLS and ACE-FTS trace gas measurements show strongly enhanced descent in the upper stratospheric vortex in late January through March 2006 compared to that in 2005.
C1 [Manney, G. L.; Schwartz, M. J.; Lambert, A.; Santee, M. L.; Livesey, N. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
[Daffer, W. H.] Columbus Technol Inc, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Strawbridge, K. B.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Walker, K. A.; Kerzenmacher, T.; Strong, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Walker, K. A.; Boone, C. D.; Bernath, P. F.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Sica, R. J.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON, Canada.
[Krueger, K.] Univ Kiel, IFM, GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, Kiel, Germany.
[Pumphrey, H. C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Remsberg, E. E.; Mlynczak, M. G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Russell, J. R., III] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
RP Manney, GL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA USA.
EM manney@mls.jpl.nasa.gov
RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Mlynczak,
Martin/K-3396-2012; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016
OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Schwartz,
Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094
NR 52
TC 47
Z9 48
U1 2
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 3
BP 505
EP 522
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 273CP
UT WOS:000253908300006
ER
PT J
AU Sandford, DJ
Schwartz, MJ
Mitchell, NJ
AF Sandford, D. J.
Schwartz, M. J.
Mitchell, N. J.
TI The wintertime two-day wave in the polar stratosphere, mesosphere and
lower thermosphere
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID QUASI-2-DAY WAVE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; PLANETARY-WAVES; INSTABILITY;
VARIABILITY; REGION
AB Recent observations of the polar mesosphere have revealed that waves with periods near two days reach significant amplitudes in both summer and winter. This is in striking contrast to mid-latitude observations where two-day waves maximise in summer only. Here, we use data from a meteor radar at Esrange (68 degrees N, 21 degrees E) in the Arctic and data from the MLS instrument aboard the EOS Aura satellite to investigate the wintertime polar two-day wave in the stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The radar data reveal that mesospheric two-day wave activity measured by horizontal-wind variance has a semi-annual cycle with maxima in winter and summer and equinoctial minima. The MLS data reveal that the summertime wave in the mesosphere is dominated by a westward-travelling zonal wavenumber three wave with significant westward wavenumber four present. It reaches largest amplitudes at mid-latitudes in the southern hemisphere. In the winter polar mesosphere, however, the wave appears to be an eastward-travelling zonal wavenumber two, which is not seen during the summer. At the latitude of Esrange, the eastward-two wave reaches maximum amplitudes near the stratopause and appears related to similar waves previously observed in the polar stratosphere. We conclude that the wintertime polar two-day wave is the mesospheric manifestation of an eastward-propagating, zonal-wavenumber-two wave originating in the stratosphere, maximising at the stratopause and likely to be generated by instabilities in the polar night jet.
C1 [Sandford, D. J.; Mitchell, N. J.] Univ Bath, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Ctr Space Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England.
[Schwartz, M. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Microwave Atmospher Sci Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Sandford, DJ (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Ctr Space Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England.
EM d.j.sandford@bath.ac.uk
RI Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016
OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094
NR 23
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 3
BP 749
EP 755
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 273CP
UT WOS:000253908300022
ER
PT J
AU Jackman, CH
Marsh, DR
Vitt, FM
Garcia, RR
Fleming, EL
Labow, GJ
Randall, CE
Lopez-Puertas, M
Funke, B
von Clarmann, T
Stiller, GP
AF Jackman, C. H.
Marsh, D. R.
Vitt, F. M.
Garcia, R. R.
Fleming, E. L.
Labow, G. J.
Randall, C. E.
Lopez-Puertas, M.
Funke, B.
von Clarmann, T.
Stiller, G. P.
TI Short- and medium-term atmospheric constituent effects of very large
solar proton events
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL SIMULATIONS; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; EARTHS
MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; ODD NITROGEN; OCTOBER 1989; 2-DIMENSIONAL MODEL;
NITRIC-OXIDE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; NEUTRAL CHEMISTRY; PARTICLE EVENTS
AB Solar eruptions sometimes produce protons, which impact the Earth's atmosphere. These solar proton events (SPEs) generally last a few days and produce high energy particles that precipitate into the Earth's atmosphere. The protons cause ionization and dissociation processes that ultimately lead to an enhancement of odd-hydrogen and odd-nitrogen in the polar cap regions (>60 degrees geomagnetic latitude). We have used the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM3) to study the atmospheric impact of SPEs over the period 1963-2005. The very largest SPEs were found to be the most important and caused atmospheric effects that lasted several months after the events. We present the short- and medium-term (days to a few months) atmospheric influence of the four largest SPEs in the past 45 years (August 1972; October 1989; July 2000; and October-November 2003) as computed by WACCM3 and observed by satellite instruments. Polar mesospheric NOx (NO+NO2) increased by over 50 ppbv and mesospheric ozone decreased by over 30% during these very large SPEs. Changes in HNO3, N2O5, ClONO2, HOCl, and ClO were indirectly caused by the very large SPEs in October-November 2003, were simulated by WACCM3, and previously measured by Envisat Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). WACCM3 output was also represented by sampling with the MIPAS averaging kernel for a more valid comparison. Although qualitatively similar, there are discrepancies between the model and measurement with WACCM3 predicted HNO3 and ClONO2 enhancements being smaller than measured and N2O5 enhancements being larger than measured. The HOCl enhancements were fairly similar in amounts and temporal variation in WACCM3 and MIPAS. WACCM3 simulated ClO decreases below 50 km, whereas MIPAS mainly observed increases, a very perplexing difference. Upper stratospheric and lower mesospheric NOx increased by over 10 ppbv and was transported during polar night down to the middle stratosphere in several weeks past the SPE. The WACCM3 simulations confirmed the SH HALOE observations of enhanced NOx in September 2000 as a result of the July 2000 SPE and the NH SAGE II observations of enhanced NO2 in March 1990 as a result of the October 1989 SPEs.
C1 [Jackman, C. H.; Fleming, E. L.; Labow, G. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Marsh, D. R.; Vitt, F. M.; Garcia, R. R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Randall, C. E.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lopez-Puertas, M.; Funke, B.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain.
[von Clarmann, T.; Stiller, G. P.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[von Clarmann, T.; Stiller, G. P.] Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany.
RP Jackman, CH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM charles.h.jackman@nasa.gov
RI Marsh, Daniel/A-8406-2008; Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; Stiller,
Gabriele/A-7340-2013; von Clarmann, Thomas/A-7287-2013; Lopez Puertas,
Manuel/M-8219-2013; Funke, Bernd/C-2162-2008; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014
OI Marsh, Daniel/0000-0001-6699-494X; Stiller,
Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; von Clarmann, Thomas/0000-0003-2219-3379;
Lopez Puertas, Manuel/0000-0003-2941-7734; Funke,
Bernd/0000-0003-0462-4702; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397
NR 73
TC 78
Z9 78
U1 2
U2 11
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 3
BP 765
EP 785
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 273CP
UT WOS:000253908300024
ER
PT J
AU Ern, M
Preusse, P
Krebsbach, M
Mlynczak, MG
Russell, JM
AF Ern, M.
Preusse, P.
Krebsbach, M.
Mlynczak, M. G.
Russell, J. M., III
TI Equatorial wave analysis from SABER and ECMWF temperatures
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; ASYNOPTIC SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS;
STRATOSPHERIC MOUNTAIN WAVES; RESOLUTION DOPPLER IMAGER; LEAST-SQUARES
METHOD; SPACE-TIME SPECTRA; KELVIN WAVES; GRAVITY-WAVES; LOWER
THERMOSPHERE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE
AB Equatorial planetary scale wave modes such as Kelvin waves or Rossby-gravity waves are excited by convective processes in the troposphere. In this paper an analysis for these and other equatorial wave modes is carried out with special focus on the stratosphere using temperature data from the SABER satellite instrument as well as ECMWF temperatures. Space-time spectra of symmetric and antisymmetric spectral power are derived to separate the different equatorial wave types and the contribution of gravity waves is determined from the spectral background of the space-time spectra.
Both gravity waves and equatorial planetary scale wave modes are main drivers of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the stratosphere. Temperature variances attributed to the different wave types are calculated for the period from February 2002 until March 2006 and compared to previous findings. A comparison between SABER and ECMWF wave analyses shows that in the lower stratosphere SABER and ECMWF spectra and temperature variances agree remarkably well while in the upper stratosphere ECMWF tends to overestimate Kelvin wave components. Gravity wave variances are partly reproduced by ECMWF but have a significant low-bias. For the examples of a QBO westerly phase (October-December 2004) and a QBO easterly phase (November/December 2005, period of the SCOUT-O3 tropical aircraft campaign in Darwin/Australia) in the lower stratosphere we find qualitatively good agreement between SABER and ECMWF in the longitude-time distribution of Kelvin, Rossby (n=1), and Rossby-gravity waves.
C1 [Ern, M.; Preusse, P.; Krebsbach, M.] Forschungszentrum Juelich, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere ICG 1, Julich, Germany.
[Mlynczak, M. G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Russell, J. M., III] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
RP Ern, M (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere ICG 1, Julich, Germany.
EM m.ern@fz-juelich.de
RI Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; Preusse, Peter/A-1193-2013; Ern,
Manfred/I-8839-2016
OI Preusse, Peter/0000-0002-8997-4965; Ern, Manfred/0000-0002-8565-2125
NR 69
TC 64
Z9 64
U1 1
U2 9
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 4
BP 845
EP 869
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 273CR
UT WOS:000253908500005
ER
PT J
AU Saiz-Lopez, A
Plane, JMC
Mahajan, AS
Anderson, PS
Bauguitte, SJB
Jones, AE
Roscoe, HK
Salmon, RA
Bloss, WJ
Lee, JD
Heard, DE
AF Saiz-Lopez, A.
Plane, J. M. C.
Mahajan, A. S.
Anderson, P. S.
Bauguitte, S. J. -B.
Jones, A. E.
Roscoe, H. K.
Salmon, R. A.
Bloss, W. J.
Lee, J. D.
Heard, D. E.
TI On the vertical distribution of boundary layer halogens over coastal
Antarctica: implications for O-3, HOx, NOx and the Hg lifetime
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID OZONE DEPLETION EVENTS; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY;
IODINE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS; ULTRA-FINE PARTICLES; TROPOSPHERIC BRO;
POLAR SUNRISE; I-2/O-3 PHOTOCHEMISTRY; HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION;
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; POTENTIAL INFLUENCE
AB A one-dimensional chemical transport model has been developed to investigate the vertical gradients of bromine and iodine compounds in the Antarctic coastal boundary layer (BL). The model has been applied to interpret recent year-round observations of iodine and bromine monoxides (IO and BrO) at Halley Station, Antarctica. The model requires an equivalent I atom flux of similar to 10(10) molecule cm(-2) s(-1) from the snowpack in order to account for the measured IO levels, which are up to 20 ppt during spring. Using the current knowledge of gas-phase iodine chemistry, the model predicts significant gradients in the vertical distribution of iodine species. However, recent ground-based and satellite observations of IO imply that the radical is well-mixed in the Antarctic boundary layer, indicating a longer than expected atmospheric lifetime for the radical. This can be modelled by including photolysis of the higher iodine oxides (I2O2, I2O3, I2O4 and I2O5), and rapid recycling of HOI and INO3 through sea-salt aerosol. The model also predicts significant concentrations (up to 25 ppt) of I2O5 in the lowest 10 m of the boundary layer. Heterogeneous chemistry involving sea-salt aerosol is also necessary to account for the vertical profile of BrO. Iodine chemistry causes a large increase (typically more than 3-fold) in the rate of O-3 depletion in the BL, compared with bromine chemistry alone. Rapid entrainment of O-3 from the free troposphere appears to be required to account for the observation that on occasion there is little O-3 depletion at the surface in the presence of high concentrations of IO and BrO. The halogens also cause significant changes to the vertical profiles of OH and HO2 and the NO2/NO ratio. The average Hg-0 lifetime against oxidation is also predicted to be about 10 h during springtime. An important result from the model is that very large fluxes of iodine precursors into the boundary layer are required to account for the observed levels of IO. The mechanisms which cause these emissions are unknown. Overall, our results show that halogens profoundly influence the oxidizing capacity of the Antarctic troposphere.
C1 [Saiz-Lopez, A.; Plane, J. M. C.; Mahajan, A. S.; Bloss, W. J.; Lee, J. D.; Heard, D. E.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Saiz-Lopez, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Anderson, P. S.; Bauguitte, S. J. -B.; Jones, A. E.; Roscoe, H. K.; Salmon, R. A.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
RP Plane, JMC (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
EM j.m.c.plane@leeds.ac.uk
RI Mahajan, Anoop/D-2714-2012; Bloss, William/N-1305-2014; Saiz-Lopez,
Alfonso/B-3759-2015; Plane, John/C-7444-2015
OI Heard, Dwayne/0000-0002-0357-6238; Mahajan, Anoop/0000-0002-2909-5432;
Bloss, William/0000-0002-3017-4461; Saiz-Lopez,
Alfonso/0000-0002-0060-1581; Plane, John/0000-0003-3648-6893
NR 81
TC 72
Z9 73
U1 3
U2 29
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 4
BP 887
EP 900
DI 10.5194/acp-8-887-2008
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 273CR
UT WOS:000253908500007
ER
PT J
AU Thomason, LW
Burton, SP
Luo, BP
Peter, T
AF Thomason, L. W.
Burton, S. P.
Luo, B. -P.
Peter, T.
TI SAGE II measurements of stratospheric aerosol properties at non-volcanic
levels
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; EXTINCTION SPECTRA; OZONE;
PINATUBO; HALOE; TEMPERATURE; RETRIEVAL; ERUPTION; NUCLEI
AB Since 2000, stratospheric aerosol levels have been relatively stable and at the lowest levels observed in the historical record. Given the challenges of making satellite measurements of aerosol properties at these levels, we have performed a study of the sensitivity of the product to the major components of the processing algorithm used in the production of SAGE II aerosol extinction measurements and the retrieval process that produces the operational surface area density (SAD) product. We find that the aerosol extinction measurements, particularly at 1020 nm, remain robust and reliable at the observed aerosol levels. On the other hand, during background periods, the SAD operational product has an uncertainty of at least a factor of 2 due to the lack of sensitivity to particles with radii less than 100 nm.
C1 [Thomason, L. W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Burton, S. P.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
[Luo, B. -P.; Peter, T.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
RP Thomason, LW (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
EM l.w.thomason@larc.nasa.gov
OI Thomason, Larry/0000-0002-1902-0840
NR 27
TC 46
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS
PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU
PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 4
BP 983
EP 995
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 273CR
UT WOS:000253908500012
ER
PT J
AU Kahn, BH
Chahine, MT
Stephens, GL
Mace, GG
Marchand, RT
Wang, Z
Barnet, CD
Eldering, A
Holz, RE
Kuehn, RE
Vane, DG
AF Kahn, B. H.
Chahine, M. T.
Stephens, G. L.
Mace, G. G.
Marchand, R. T.
Wang, Z.
Barnet, C. D.
Eldering, A.
Holz, R. E.
Kuehn, R. E.
Vane, D. G.
TI Cloud type comparisons of AIRS, CloudSat, and CALIPSO cloud height and
amount
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ENERGY-BALANCE; MISSION; CLIMATE; ISCCP; RETRIEVAL; VALIDATION;
RESOLUTION; ECMWF; EARTH; LIDAR
AB The precision of the two-layer cloud height fields derived from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is explored and quantified for a five-day set of observations. Coincident profiles of vertical cloud structure by CloudSat, a 94 GHz profiling radar, and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), are compared to AIRS for a wide range of cloud types. Bias and variability in cloud height differences are shown to have dependence on cloud type, height, and amount, as well as whether CloudSat or CALIPSO is used as the comparison standard. The CloudSat-AIRS biases and variability range from 4.3 to 0.5 +/- 1.2-3.6 km for all cloud types. Likewise, the CALIPSO-AIRS biases range from 0.6-3.0 +/- 1.2-3.6 km (-5.8 to -0.2 +/- 0.5-2.7 km) for clouds >= 7 km (<7 km). The upper layer of AIRS has the greatest sensitivity to Altocumulus, Altostratus, Cirrus, Cumulonimbus, and Nimbostratus, whereas the lower layer has the greatest sensitivity to Cumulus and Stratocumulus. Although the bias and variability generally decrease with increasing cloud amount, the ability of AIRS to constrain cloud occurrence, height, and amount is demonstrated across all cloud types for many geophysical conditions. In particular, skill is demonstrated for thin Cirrus, as well as some Cumulus and Stratocumulus, cloud types infrared sounders typically struggle to quantify. Furthermore, some improvements in the AIRS Version 5 operational retrieval algorithm are demonstrated. However, limitations in AIRS cloud retrievals are also revealed, including the existence of spurious Cirrus near the tropopause and low cloud layers within Cumulonimbus and Nimbostratus clouds. Likely causes of spurious clouds are identified and the potential for further improvement is discussed.
C1 [Kahn, B. H.; Chahine, M. T.; Eldering, A.; Vane, D. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Stephens, G. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Mace, G. G.] Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
[Marchand, R. T.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Wang, Z.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Barnet, C. D.] NOAA, NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Holz, R. E.] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA.
[Kuehn, R. E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Kahn, BH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
EM brian.h.kahn@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Wang, Zhien/F-4857-2011
NR 55
TC 53
Z9 60
U1 5
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 5
BP 1231
EP 1248
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 273CS
UT WOS:000253908600009
ER
PT J
AU Hegglin, MI
Boone, CD
Manney, GL
Shepherd, TG
Walker, KA
Bernath, PF
Daffer, WH
Hoor, P
Schiller, C
AF Hegglin, M. I.
Boone, C. D.
Manney, G. L.
Shepherd, T. G.
Walker, K. A.
Bernath, P. F.
Daffer, W. H.
Hoor, P.
Schiller, C.
TI Validation of ACE-FTS satellite data in the upper troposphere/lower
stratosphere (UTLS) using non-coincident measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE MODEL; TRANSPORT MODEL; CHEMISTRY; SPURT; CLIMATOLOGY;
O-3
AB CO, O-3, and H2O data in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) measured by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) on Canada's SCISAT-1 satellite are validated using aircraft and ozonesonde measurements. In the UTLS, validation of chemical trace gas measurements is a challenging task due to small-scale variability in the tracer fields, strong gradients of the tracers across the tropopause, and scarcity of measurements suitable for validation purposes. Validation based on coincidences therefore suffers from geophysical noise. Two alternative methods for the validation of satellite data are introduced, which avoid the usual need for coincident measurements: tracer-tracer correlations, and vertical tracer profiles relative to tropopause height. Both are increasingly being used for model validation as they strongly suppress geophysical variability and thereby provide an 'instantaneous climatology'. This allows comparison of measurements between non-coincident data sets which yields information about the precision and a statistically meaningful error-assessment of the ACE-FTS satellite data in the UTLS. By defining a trade-off factor, we show that the measurement errors can be reduced by including more measurements obtained over a wider longitude range into the comparison, despite the increased geophysical variability. Applying the methods then yields the following upper bounds to the relative differences in the mean found between the ACE-FTS and SPURT aircraft measurements in the upper troposphere (UT) and lower stratosphere (LS), respectively: for CO +/- 9% and +/- 12%, for H2O +/- 30% and +/- 18%, and for O-3 +/- 25% and +/- 19%. The relative differences for O-3 can be narrowed down by using a larger dataset obtained from ozonesondes, yielding a high bias in the ACE-FTS measurements of 18% in the UT and relative differences of +/- 8% for measurements in the LS. When taking into account the smearing effect of the vertically limited spacing between measurements of the ACE-FTS instrument, the relative differences decrease by 5-15% around the tropopause, suggesting a vertical resolution of the ACE-FTS in the UTLS of around 1 km. The ACE-FTS hence offers unprecedented precision and vertical resolution for a satellite instrument, which will allow a new global perspective on UTLS tracer distributions.
C1 [Hegglin, M. I.; Shepherd, T. G.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Walker, K. A.; Bernath, P. F.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Manney, G. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
[Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Daffer, W. H.] Columbus Technol Inc, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Hoor, P.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Schiller, C.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Res Ctr, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere 1, D-5170 Julich, Germany.
RP Hegglin, MI (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
EM michaela@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca
RI hoor, peter/G-5421-2010; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Schiller,
Cornelius/B-1004-2013; Hegglin, Michaela/D-7528-2017
OI hoor, peter/0000-0001-6582-6864; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X;
Hegglin, Michaela/0000-0003-2820-9044
NR 34
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 6
BP 1483
EP 1499
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 280HN
UT WOS:000254416700002
ER
PT J
AU Kahn, BH
Liang, CK
Eldering, A
Gettelman, A
Yue, Q
Liou, KN
AF Kahn, B. H.
Liang, C. K.
Eldering, A.
Gettelman, A.
Yue, Q.
Liou, K. N.
TI Tropical thin cirrus and relative humidity observed by the Atmospheric
Infrared Sounder
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTY RETRIEVALS; RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; SCATTERING
PROPERTIES; OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT; INFORMATION-CONTENT; RADIATIVE
IMPACTS; CLOUD STATISTICS; ICE NUCLEATION; GLOBAL OCEANS; PART I
AB Global observations of cloud and humidity distributions in the upper troposphere within all geophysical conditions are critically important in order to monitor the present climate and to provide necessary data for validation of climate models to project future climate change. Towards this end, tropical oceanic distributions of thin cirrus optical depth (tau), effective diameter (D-e), and relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) within cirrus (RHic) are simultaneously derived from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). Corresponding increases in D-e and cloud temperature are shown for cirrus with tau > 0.25 that demonstrate quantitative consistency to other surface-based, in situ and satellite retrievals. However, inferred cirrus properties are shown to be less certain for increasingly tenuous cirrus. In-cloud supersaturation is observed for 8-12% of thin cirrus and is several factors higher than all-sky conditions; even higher frequencies are shown for the coldest and thinnest cirrus. Spatial and temporal variations in RHic correspond to cloud frequency while regional variability in RHic is observed to be most prominent over the N. Indian Ocean basin. The largest cloud/clear sky RHi anomalies tend to occur in dry regions associated with vertical descent in the sub-tropics, while the smallest occur in moist ascending regions in the tropics. The characteristics of RHic frequency distributions depend on tau and a peak frequency is located between 60-80% that illustrates RHic is on average biased dry. The geometrical thickness of cirrus is typically less than the vertical resolution of AIRS temperature and specific humidity profiles and thus leads to the observed dry bias, shown with coincident cloud vertical structure obtained from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO). The joint distributions of thin cirrus microphysics and humidity derived from AIRS provide unique and important regional and global-scale insights on upper tropospheric processes not available from surface, in situ, and other contemporary satellite observing platforms.
C1 [Kahn, B. H.; Eldering, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Liang, C. K.; Liou, K. N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Liang, C. K.; Liou, K. N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Gettelman, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Kahn, BH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM brian.h.kahn@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Yue, Qing/A-5776-2013; Yue, Qing/F-4619-2017
OI Yue, Qing/0000-0002-3559-6508
NR 81
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 3
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 6
BP 1501
EP 1518
DI 10.5194/acp-8-1501-2008
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 280HN
UT WOS:000254416700003
ER
PT J
AU Liu, Y
Shao, M
Lu, SH
Liao, CC
Wang, JL
Chen, G
AF Liu, Ying
Shao, Min
Lu, Sihua
Liao, Chih-chung
Wang, Jia-Lin
Chen, Gao
TI Volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements in the pearl river delta
(PRD) region, China
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; OZONE FORMATION; AIR-QUALITY; HYDROCARBONS;
ATMOSPHERE; IMPACT; CITIES; CITY; VARIABILITY; CANISTERS
AB We measured levels of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at seven sites in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China during the Air Quality Monitoring Campaign spanning 4 October to 3 November 2004. Two of the sites, Guangzhou (GZ) and Xinken (XK), were intensive sites at which we collected multiple daily canister samples. The observations reported here provide a look at the VOC distribution, speciation, and photochemical implications in the PRD region. Alkanes constituted the largest percentage (> 40%) in mixing ratios of the quantified VOCs at six sites; the exception was one major industrial site that was dominated by aromatics (about 52%). Highly elevated VOC levels occurred at GZ during two pollution episodes; however, the chemical composition of VOCs did not exhibit noticeable changes during these episodes. We calculated the OH loss rate to estimate the chemical reactivity of all VOCs. Of the anthropogenic VOCs, alkenes played a predominant role in VOC reactivity at GZ, whereas the contributions of reactive aromatics were more important at XK. Our preliminary analysis of the VOC correlations suggests that the ambient VOCs at GZ came directly from local sources (i.e., automobiles); those at XK were influenced by both local emissions and transportation of air mass from upwind areas.
C1 [Liu, Ying; Shao, Min; Lu, Sihua] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Joint Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Liao, Chih-chung] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Change, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
[Wang, Jia-Lin] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Chungli 320, Taiwan.
[Chen, Gao] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Shao, M (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Joint Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
EM mshao@pku.edu.cn
RI SHAO, Min/C-7351-2014
NR 36
TC 65
Z9 86
U1 12
U2 60
PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS
PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU
PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 6
BP 1531
EP 1545
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 280HN
UT WOS:000254416700005
ER
PT J
AU Lawson, RP
Pilson, B
Baker, B
Mo, Q
Jensen, E
Pfister, L
Bui, P
AF Lawson, R. P.
Pilson, B.
Baker, B.
Mo, Q.
Jensen, E.
Pfister, L.
Bui, P.
TI Aircraft measurements of microphysical properties of subvisible cirrus
in the tropical tropopause layer
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER-VAPOR MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL ARRAY PROBES; PART I; UPPER
TROPOSPHERE; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; RADIATIVE IMPACTS;
ER-2 AIRCRAFT; NASA ER-2; CLOUDS
AB Subvisible cirrus (SVC) clouds are often observed within the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). Some studies suggest that SVC has a significant impact on the earth radiation budget. The Costa Rica Aura Validation Experiment (CR-AVE) sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) took place near San Jose, Costa Rica from 14 January-15 February 2006. The NASA WB-57F sampled SVC in the TTL from -75 degrees C to -90 degrees C with an improved set of cloud particle probes. The first digital images of ice particles in the TTL are compared with replicator images of ice particles collected in 1973 by a WB-57F in the TTL. The newer measurements reveal larger particles, on the order of 100 mu m compared with <50 mu m from the earlier measurements, and also different particle shapes. The 1973 particles were mainly columnar and trigonal, whereas the newer measurements are quasi-spherical and hexagonal plates. The WB-57F also measured very high water vapor contents with some instruments, up to 4 ppmv, and aerosols with mixed organics and sulfates. It is unknown whether these ambient conditions were present in the 1973 studies, and whether such conditions have an influence on particle shape and the development of the large particles. A companion paper (Jensen et al., 2008) presents crystal growth calculations that suggest that the high water vapor measurements are required to grow ice particles to the observed sizes of 100 mu m and larger.
C1 [Lawson, R. P.; Pilson, B.; Baker, B.; Mo, Q.] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA.
[Jensen, E.; Pfister, L.; Bui, P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Lawson, RP (reprint author), SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA.
EM plawson@specinc.com
NR 46
TC 69
Z9 69
U1 1
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS
PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU
PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 6
BP 1609
EP 1620
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 280HN
UT WOS:000254416700010
ER
PT J
AU Jensen, EJ
Pfister, L
Bui, TV
Lawson, P
Baker, B
Mo, Q
Baumgardner, D
Weinstock, EM
Smith, JB
Moyer, EJ
Hanisco, TF
Sayres, DS
St Clair, JM
Alexander, MJ
Toon, OB
Smith, JA
AF Jensen, E. J.
Pfister, L.
Bui, T. V.
Lawson, P.
Baker, B.
Mo, Q.
Baumgardner, D.
Weinstock, E. M.
Smith, J. B.
Moyer, E. J.
Hanisco, T. F.
Sayres, D. S.
St Clair, J. M.
Alexander, M. J.
Toon, O. B.
Smith, J. A.
TI Formation of large (similar or equal to 100 mu m) ice crystals near the
tropical tropopause
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LOWER STRATOSPHERE; RADIATIVE IMPACTS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; CIRRUS
FORMATION; PARTICLE-SIZE; CLOUDS; DEHYDRATION; NUCLEATION; TRANSPORT;
AIRCRAFT
AB Recent high-altitude aircraft measurements with in situ imaging instruments indicated the presence of relatively large (similar or equal to 100 mu m length), thin (aspect ratios of similar or equal to 6:1 or larger) hexagonal plate ice crystals near the tropical tropopause in very low concentrations (<0.01 L-1). These crystals were not produced by deep convection or aggregation. We use simple growth-sedimentation calculations as well as detailed cloud simulations to evaluate the conditions required to grow the large crystals. Uncertainties in crystal aspect ratio leave a range of possibilities, which could be constrained by knowledge of the water vapor concentration in the air where the crystal growth occurred. Unfortunately, water vapor measurements made in the cloud formation region near the tropopause with different instruments ranged from <2 ppmv to similar or equal to 3.5 ppmv. The higher water vapor concentrations correspond to very large ice supersaturations (relative humidities with respect to ice of about 200%). If the aspect ratios of the hexagonal plate crystals are as small as the image analysis suggests (6:1, see companion paper (Lawson et al., 2008)) then growth of the large crystals before they sediment out of the supersaturated layer would only be possible if the water vapor concentration were on the high end of the range indicated by the different measurements (>3 ppmv). On the other hand, if the crystal aspect ratios are quite a bit larger (similar or equal to 10:1), then H2O concentrations toward the low end of the measurement range (similar or equal to 2-2.5 ppmv) would suffice to grow the large crystals. Gravity-wave driven temperature and vertical wind perturbations only slightly modify the H2O concentrations needed to grow the crystals. We find that it would not be possible to grow the large crystals with water concentrations less than 2 ppmv, even with assumptions of a very high aspect ratio of 15 and steady upward motion of 2 cm s(-1) to loft the crystals in the tropopause region. These calculations would seem to imply that the measurements indicating water vapor concentrations less than 2 ppmv are implausible, but we cannot rule out the possibility that higher humidity prevailed upstream of the aircraft measurements and the air was dehydrated by the cloud formation. Simulations of the cloud formation with a detailed model indicate that homogeneous freezing should generate ice concentrations larger than the observed concencentrations (20 L-1), and even concentrations as low as 20 L-1 should have depleted the vapor in excess of saturation and prevented growth of large crystals. It seems likely that the large crystals resulted from ice nucleation on effective heterogeneous nuclei at low ice supersaturations. Improvements in our understanding of detailed cloud microphysical processes require resolution of the water vapor measurement discrepancies in these very cold, dry regions of the atmosphere.
C1 [Jensen, E. J.; Pfister, L.; Bui, T. V.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Lawson, P.; Baker, B.; Mo, Q.] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA.
[Baumgardner, D.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
[Weinstock, E. M.; Smith, J. B.; Moyer, E. J.; Hanisco, T. F.; Sayres, D. S.; St Clair, J. M.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Alexander, M. J.] Colorado Res Assoc, Boulder, CO USA.
[Toon, O. B.; Smith, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Jensen, EJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM eric.j.jensen@nasa.gov
NR 39
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 1
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 6
BP 1621
EP 1633
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 280HN
UT WOS:000254416700011
ER
PT J
AU Quinn, PK
Bates, TS
Baum, E
Doubleday, N
Fiore, AM
Flanner, M
Fridlind, A
Garrett, TJ
Koch, D
Menon, S
Shindell, D
Stohl, A
Warren, SG
AF Quinn, P. K.
Bates, T. S.
Baum, E.
Doubleday, N.
Fiore, A. M.
Flanner, M.
Fridlind, A.
Garrett, T. J.
Koch, D.
Menon, S.
Shindell, D.
Stohl, A.
Warren, S. G.
TI Short-lived pollutants in the Arctic: their climate impact and possible
mitigation strategies
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID METHANE EMISSION; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; AIR-POLLUTION; TROPOSPHERIC
OZONE; AEROSOLS; MODELS; TRENDS; TRANSPORT; HAZE; SENSITIVITY
AB Several short-lived pollutants known to impact Arctic climate may be contributing to the accelerated rates of warming observed in this region relative to the global annually averaged temperature increase. Here, we present a summary of the short-lived pollutants that impact Arctic climate including methane, tropospheric ozone, and tropospheric aerosols. For each pollutant, we provide a description of the major sources and the mechanism of forcing. We also provide the first seasonally averaged forcing and corresponding temperature response estimates focused specifically on the Arctic. The calculations indicate that the forcings due to black carbon, methane, and tropospheric ozone lead to a positive surface temperature response indicating the need to reduce emissions of these species within and outside the Arctic. Additional aerosol species may also lead to surface warming if the aerosol is coincident with thin, low lying clouds. We suggest strategies for reducing the warming based on current knowledge and discuss directions for future research to address the large remaining uncertainties.
C1 [Quinn, P. K.; Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Baum, E.] Clean Air Task Force, Boston, MA USA.
[Doubleday, N.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
[Fiore, A. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Flanner, M.] NCAR, Adv Study Program, Boulder, CO USA.
[Fridlind, A.; Koch, D.; Shindell, D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Garrett, T. J.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
[Menon, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway.
[Warren, S. G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Quinn, PK (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM patricia.k.quinn@noaa.gov
RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Stohl,
Andreas/A-7535-2008; Flanner, Mark/C-6139-2011; Shindell,
Drew/D-4636-2012; Fridlind, Ann/E-1495-2012
OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755;
Flanner, Mark/0000-0003-4012-174X;
NR 80
TC 148
Z9 155
U1 1
U2 35
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 6
BP 1723
EP 1735
DI 10.5194/acp-8-1723-2008
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 280HN
UT WOS:000254416700019
ER
PT J
AU Shim, C
Wang, Y
Yoshida, Y
AF Shim, C.
Wang, Y.
Yoshida, Y.
TI Evaluation of model-simulated source contributions to tropospheric ozone
with aircraft observations in the factor-projected space
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; UNITED-STATES; INTERCONTINENTAL
TRANSPORT; ASIAN EMISSIONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; NORTH-ATLANTIC;
HIGH-LATITUDES; SURFACE OZONE; ART.; PACIFIC
AB Trace gas measurements of TOPSE and TRACE-P experiments and corresponding global GEOS-Chem model simulations are analyzed with the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) method for model evaluation purposes. Specially, we evaluate the model simulated contributions to O-3 variability from stratospheric transport, intercontinental transport, and production from urban/industry and biomass burning/biogenic sources. We select a suite of relatively long-lived tracers, including 7 chemicals (O-3, NOy, PAN, CO, C3H8, CH3Cl, and Be-7) and 1 dynamic tracer (potential temperature). The largest discrepancy is found in the stratospheric contribution to Be-7. The model underestimates this contribution by a factor of 2-3, corresponding well to a reduction of Be-7 source by the same magnitude in the default setup of the standard GEOS-Chem model. In contrast, we find that the simulated O-3 contributions from stratospheric transport are in reasonable agreement with those derived from the measurements. However, the springtime increasing trend over North America derived from the measurements are largely underestimated in the model, indicating that the magnitude of simulated stratospheric O-3 source is reasonable but the temporal distribution needs improvement. The simulated O-3 contributions from long-range transport and production from urban/industry and biomass burning/biogenic emissions are also in reasonable agreement with those derived from the measurements, although significant discrepancies are found for some regions.
C1 [Shim, C.; Wang, Y.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Yoshida, Y.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA.
RP Shim, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM cshim@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014
NR 41
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 6
BP 1751
EP 1761
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 280HN
UT WOS:000254416700021
ER
PT J
AU Fraser, A
Goutail, F
Strong, K
Bernath, PF
Boone, C
Daffer, WH
Drummond, JR
Dufour, DG
Kerzenmacher, TE
Manney, GL
McElroy, CT
Midwinter, C
McLinden, CA
Nichitiu, F
Nowlan, CR
Walker, J
Walker, KA
Wu, H
Zou, J
AF Fraser, A.
Goutail, F.
Strong, K.
Bernath, P. F.
Boone, C.
Daffer, W. H.
Drummond, J. R.
Dufour, D. G.
Kerzenmacher, T. E.
Manney, G. L.
McElroy, C. T.
Midwinter, C.
McLinden, C. A.
Nichitiu, F.
Nowlan, C. R.
Walker, J.
Walker, K. A.
Wu, H.
Zou, J.
TI Intercomparison of UV-visible measurements of ozone and NO2 during the
Canadian Arctic ACE validation campaigns: 2004-2006
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE;
SPECTROMETER; CHEMISTRY; O-3; NM
AB The first three Canadian Arctic ACE validation campaigns were held during polar sunrise at Eureka, Nunavut, Canada (80 degrees N, 86 degrees W) from 2004 to 2006 in support of validation of the ACE (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment) satellite mission. Three or four zenith-sky viewing UV-visible spectrometers have taken part in each of the three campaigns. The differential slant column densities and vertical column densities of ozone and NO2 from these instruments have been compared following the methods of the UV-visible Working Group of the NDACC (Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change). The instruments are found to partially agree within the required accuracies for both species, although both the vertical and slant column densities are more scattered than required. This might be expected given the spatial and temporal variability of the Arctic stratosphere in spring. The vertical column densities are also compared to integrated total columns from ozonesondes and integrated partial columns from the ACE-FTS (ACE-Fourier Transform Spectrometer) and ACE-MAESTRO (ACE-Measurements of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation) instruments on board ACE. For both species, the columns from the ground-based instruments and the ozonesondes are found to generally agree within their combined error bars. The ACE-FTS ozone partial columns and the ground-based total columns agree within 4.5%, averaged over the three campaigns. The ACE-MAESTRO ozone partial columns are generally smaller than those of the ground-based instruments, by an average of 9.9%, and are smaller than the ACE-FTS columns by an average of 14.4%. The ACE-FTS NO2 partial columns are an average of 13.4% smaller than the total columns from the ground-based instruments, as expected. The ACE-MAESTRO NO2 partial columns are larger than the total columns of the ground-based instruments by an average of 2.5% and are larger than the partial columns of the ACE-FTS by an average of 15.5%.
C1 [Fraser, A.; Strong, K.; Drummond, J. R.; Kerzenmacher, T. E.; McElroy, C. T.; Midwinter, C.; Nichitiu, F.; Nowlan, C. R.; Walker, J.; Walker, K. A.; Wu, H.; Zou, J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Goutail, F.] CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France.
[Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, Heslington, NY USA.
[Bernath, P. F.; Boone, C.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Daffer, W. H.] Columbus Technol & Serv Inc, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Drummond, J. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.
[Dufour, D. G.] Picomole Instruments Inc, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
[Manney, G. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
[McLinden, C. A.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada.
RP Fraser, A (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
EM amery@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca
RI McLinden, Chris/A-7710-2010; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Strong,
Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Fraser, Annemarie/D-3874-2012; Drummond,
James/O-7467-2014
OI McLinden, Chris/0000-0001-5054-1380; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X;
NR 36
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 6
BP 1763
EP 1788
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 280HN
UT WOS:000254416700022
ER
PT J
AU Tilmes, S
Muller, R
Salawitch, RJ
Schmidt, U
Webster, CR
Oelhaf, H
Camy-Peyret, CC
Russell, JM
AF Tilmes, S.
Mueller, R.
Salawitch, R. J.
Schmidt, U.
Webster, C. R.
Oelhaf, H.
Camy-Peyret, C. C.
Russell, J. M., III
TI Chemical ozone loss in the Arctic winter 1991-1992
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; LIMB EMISSION-SPECTRA; BALLOON-BORNE
OBSERVATIONS; POLAR VORTEX; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; STRATOSPHERE; CHLORINE;
DEPLETION; EASOE; N2O
AB Chemical ozone loss in winter 1991-1992 is recalculated based on observations of the HALOE satellite instrument, Version 19, ER-2 aircraft measurements and balloon data. HALOE satellite observations are shown to be reliable in the lower stratosphere below 400 K, at altitudes where the measurements are most likely disturbed by the enhanced sulfate aerosol loading, as a result of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in June 1991. Significant chemical ozone loss ( 13 17 DU) is observed below 380K from Kiruna balloon observations and HALOE satellite data between December 1991 and March 1992. For the two winters after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption, HALOE satellite observations show a stronger extent of chemical ozone loss towards lower altitudes compared to other Arctic winters between 1991 and 2003. In spite of already occurring deactivation of chlorine in March 1992, MIPAS-B and LPMA balloon observations indicate that chlorine was still activated at lower altitudes, consistent with observed chemical ozone loss occurring between February and March and April. Large chemical ozone loss of more than 70 DU in the Arctic winter 1991-1992 as calculated in earlier studies is corroborated here.
C1 [Tilmes, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Mueller, R.] KFA Julich, Forschungszentrum, Inst Stratospher Res ICG 1, Julich, Germany.
[Salawitch, R. J.; Webster, C. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Schmidt, U.] JW Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
[Oelhaf, H.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IMK ASF, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Camy-Peyret, C. C.] Univ Paris 06, Ivry, France.
[Camy-Peyret, C. C.] CNRS, Ivry, France.
[Russell, J. M., III] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
RP Tilmes, S (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM tilmes@ucar.edu
RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Muller, Rolf/A-6669-2013; Oelhaf,
Hermann/A-7895-2013
OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Muller, Rolf/0000-0002-5024-9977;
NR 50
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 7
BP 1897
EP 1910
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 288BI
UT WOS:000254960800002
ER
PT J
AU Eriksson, P
Ekstrom, M
Rydberg, B
Wu, DL
Austin, RT
Murtagh, DP
AF Eriksson, P.
Ekstrom, M.
Rydberg, B.
Wu, D. L.
Austin, R. T.
Murtagh, D. P.
TI Comparison between early Odin-SMR, Aura MLS and CloudSat retrievals of
cloud ice mass in the upper tropical troposphere
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUB-MM RETRIEVALS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; EOS MLS; CIRRUS CLOUDS;
PARTICLE-SIZE; MISSION; RADAR; PARAMETERIZATION; SATELLITE; CRYSTALS
AB Emerging microwave satellite techniques are expected to provide improved global measurements of cloud ice mass. CloudSat, Aura MLS and Odin-SMR fall into this category and early cloud ice retrievals from these instruments are compared. The comparison follows the SMR retrieval product and is made for partial ice water columns above 12 km. None of the retrievals shows a significant degree of false cloud detections, the ratio between local mean values from the instruments is fairly constant and a consistent view of the geographical distribution of cloud ice is obtained. However, important differences on the absolute levels exist, where the overall mean is 9.6, 4.2 and 3.7 gm(-2) for CloudSat, SMR and MLS, respectively. Assumptions about the particle size distribution (PSD) are a consideration for all three instruments and constitute the dominating retrieval uncertainty for CloudSat. The mean for CloudSat when applying the same PSD as for MLS and SMR was estimated to 6.3 gm(-2). A second main consideration for MLS and SMR are the effects caused by the poorer spatial resolution: a possible vertical misplacement of retrieved values and an impact of cloud inhomogeneities. The latter effect was found to be the dominating retrieval uncertainty for SMR, giving a possible mean value range of 2.3-8.9 gm(-2). The comparison indicates a common retrieval accuracy in the order of 70%. Already this number should suffice for improved validations of cloud ice parametrisation schemes in atmospheric models, but a substantially better consistency between the datasets should be attainable through an increased understanding of main retrieval error sources.
C1 [Eriksson, P.; Ekstrom, M.; Rydberg, B.; Murtagh, D. P.] Chalmers, Dept Radiol & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Wu, D. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Austin, R. T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Eriksson, P (reprint author), Chalmers, Dept Radiol & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
EM patrick.eriksson@chalmers.se
RI Eriksson, Patrick/A-5321-2009; The Odin satellite, aeronomy
mission/F-1671-2011; Wu, Dong/D-5375-2012; Murtagh, Donal/F-8694-2011
OI Eriksson, Patrick/0000-0002-8475-0479; Murtagh,
Donal/0000-0003-1539-3559
NR 29
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 7
BP 1937
EP 1948
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 288BI
UT WOS:000254960800005
ER
PT J
AU Kim, SY
Talbot, R
Mao, H
Blake, D
Vay, S
Fuelberg, H
AF Kim, S. Y.
Talbot, R.
Mao, H.
Blake, D.
Vay, S.
Fuelberg, H.
TI Continental outflow from the US to the upper troposphere over the north
Atlantic during the NASA INTEX-NA airborne campaign
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MIDLATITUDE UPPER TROPOSPHERE; WESTERN
PACIFIC-OCEAN; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; PEM-WEST; NONMETHANE
HYDROCARBONS; TRACE-P; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; DISTRIBUTIONS
AB A case of continental outflow from the United States (US) was examined using airborne measurements from NASA DC-8 flight 13 during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-North America (INTEXNA). Mixing ratios of methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) at 8-11 km altitude over the North Atlantic were elevated to 1843 ppbv and 134 ppbv respectively, while those of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbonyl sulfide (COS) were reduced to 372.4 ppmv and 411 pptv respectively. In this region, urban and industrial influences were evidenced by elevated mixing ratios and good linear relationships between urban and industrial tracers compared to North Atlantic background air. Moreover, low mixing ratios and a good correlation between COS and CO2 showed a fingerprint of terrestrial uptake and minimal dilution during rapid transport over a 1-2 day time period. Analysis of synoptic conditions, backward trajectories, and photochemical aging estimates based on C3H8/C2H6 strongly suggested that elevated anthropogenic tracers in the upper troposphere of the flight region were the result of transport via convection and warm conveyor belt (WCB) uplifting of boundary layer air over the southeastern US. This mechanism is supported by the similar slope values of linear correlations between long-lived (months) anthropogenic tracers (e. g., C2Cl4 and CHCl3) from the flight region and the planetary boundary layer in the southeastern US. In addition, the aircraft measurements suggest that outflow from the US augmented the entire tropospheric column at mid-latitudes over the North Atlantic. Overall, the flight 13 data demonstrate a pervasive impact of US anthropogenic emissions on the troposphere over the North Atlantic.
C1 [Kim, S. Y.; Talbot, R.; Mao, H.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Blake, D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Vay, S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Chem & Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Fuelberg, H.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
RP Kim, SY (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
EM sk@gust.sr.unh.edu
NR 57
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 7
BP 1989
EP 2005
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 288BI
UT WOS:000254960800009
ER
PT J
AU Talbot, R
Mao, H
Scheuer, E
Dibb, J
Avery, M
Browell, E
Sachse, G
Vay, S
Blake, D
Huey, G
Fuelberg, H
AF Talbot, R.
Mao, H.
Scheuer, E.
Dibb, J.
Avery, M.
Browell, E.
Sachse, G.
Vay, S.
Blake, D.
Huey, G.
Fuelberg, H.
TI Factors influencing the large-scale distribution of Hg degrees in the
Mexico City area and over the North Pacific
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR-MASS CHARACTERISTICS; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; ASIAN
CONTINENTAL OUTFLOW; EXPLORATORY MISSION-WEST; GASEOUS MERCURY; CHEMICAL
EVOLUTION; FEBRUARY-MARCH; TRACE-P; ART.; EMISSIONS
AB Gas-phase elemental mercury (Hg degrees) was measured aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Phase B (INTEXB) campaign in spring 2006. Flights were conducted around Mexico City and on two subsequent deployments over the North Pacific based out of Honolulu, Hawaii and Anchorage, Alaska. Data obtained from 0.15-12 km altitude showed that Hg degrees exhibited a relatively constant vertical profile centered around 100 ppqv. Highly concentrated pollution plumes emanating from the Mexico City urban agglomeration revealed that mixing ratios of Hg degrees as large as 500 ppqv were related to combustion tracers such as CO, but not SO2 which is presumably released locally from coal burning, refineries, and volcanoes. Our analysis of Mexico City plumes indicated that widespread multi-source urban/industrial emissions may have a more important influence on Hg degrees than specific point sources. Over the Pacific, correlations with CO, CO2, CH4, and C2Cl4 were diffuse overall, but recognizable on flights out of Anchorage and Honolulu. In distinct plumes originating from the Asian continent the Hg degrees- CO relationship yielded an average value of similar to 0.56 ppqv/ppbv, in good agreement with previous findings. A prominent feature of the INTEX-B dataset was frequent total depletion of Hg degrees in the upper troposphere when stratospherically influenced air was encountered. Ozone data obtained with the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) showed that the stratospheric impact on the tropospheric column was a common and pervasive feature on all flights out of Honolulu and Anchorage. We propose that this is likely a major factor driving large-scale seasonality in Hg degrees mixing ratios, especially at mid-latitudes, and an important process that should be incorporated into global chemical transport models.
C1 [Talbot, R.; Mao, H.; Scheuer, E.; Dibb, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Blake, D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Huey, G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Fuelberg, H.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Avery, M.; Browell, E.; Sachse, G.; Vay, S.] Chem & Dynam Branch, Langley Res Ctr, NASA, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Talbot, R (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
EM robert.talbot@unh.edu
NR 48
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 7
BP 2103
EP 2114
DI 10.5194/acp-8-2103-2008
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 288BI
UT WOS:000254960800016
ER
PT J
AU Duncan, BN
West, JJ
Yoshida, Y
Fiore, AM
Ziemke, JR
AF Duncan, B. N.
West, J. J.
Yoshida, Y.
Fiore, A. M.
Ziemke, J. R.
TI The influence of European pollution on ozone in the Near East and
northern Africa
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT;
AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE OZONE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ASIAN
EMISSIONS; HEALTH-BENEFITS; DAILY MORTALITY
AB We present a modeling study of the long-range transport of pollution from Europe, showing that European emissions regularly elevate surface ozone by as much as 20 ppbv in summer in northern Africa and the Near East. European emissions cause 50-150 additional violations per year (i.e. above those that would occur without European pollution) of the European health standard for ozone (8-h average > 120 mu g/m(3) or similar to 60 ppbv) in northern Africa and the Near East. We estimate that European ozone pollution is responsible for 50 000 premature mortalities globally each year, of which the majority occurs outside of Europe itself, including 37% (19 000) in northern Africa and the Near East. Much of the pollution from Europe is exported southward at low altitudes in summer to the Mediterranean Sea, northern Africa and the Near East, regions with favorable photochemical environments for ozone production. Our results suggest that assessments of the human health benefits of reducing ozone precursor emissions in Europe should include effects outside of Europe, and that comprehensive planning to improve air quality in northern Africa and the Near East likely needs to address European emissions.
C1 [Duncan, B. N.; Yoshida, Y.; Ziemke, J. R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[West, J. J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
[Fiore, A. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Duncan, B. N.; Yoshida, Y.; Ziemke, J. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Duncan, BN (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
EM bryan.n.duncan@nasa.gov
RI Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; West, Jason/J-2322-2015
OI West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987
NR 85
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 8
BP 2267
EP 2283
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 295YS
UT WOS:000255511300009
ER
PT J
AU Considine, DB
Logan, JA
Olsen, MA
AF Considine, D. B.
Logan, J. A.
Olsen, M. A.
TI Evaluation of near-tropopause ozone distributions in the Global Modeling
Initiative combined stratosphere/troposphere model with ozonesonde data
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; TRANSPORT MODEL; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE;
TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CHEMISTRY; PARAMETERIZATION; CLIMATOLOGY;
SENSITIVITY; RECOMMENDATIONS; SIMULATIONS
AB The NASA Global Modeling Initiative has developed a combined stratosphere/troposphere chemistry and transport model which fully represents the processes governing atmospheric composition near the tropopause. We evaluate model ozone distributions near the tropopause, using two high vertical resolution monthly mean ozone profile climatologies constructed with ozonesonde data, one by averaging on pressure levels and the other relative to the thermal tropopause. At the tropopause, model ozone is high-biased in the SH tropics and NH midlatitudes by similar to 45% in a 4 degrees latitude x 5 degrees longitude model simulation. Doubling the resolution to 2 degrees x2.5 degrees increases the NH high bias to similar to 60%, and reduces the tropical bias to similar to 30%, apparently due to decreased horizontal transport between the tropics and extratropics in the higher-resolution simulation. These ozone biases do not appear to be due to an overly vigorous residual circulation, insufficient convection, or excessive stratosphere/troposphere exchange, and so may be due to insufficient vertical resolution or excessive vertical diffusion near the tropopause. In the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, model/measurement intercomparisons are strongly affected by the averaging technique.
Compared to the pressure-averaged climatology, NH and tropical mean model lower stratospheric biases are <20%. In the upper troposphere, the 2 degrees x2.5 degrees simulation shows mean high biases of similar to 20% and similar to 35% during April in the tropics and NH midlatitudes, respectively. This apparently good model/measurement agreement degrades when relative-to-tropopause averages are considered, with upper troposphere high biases of similar to 30% and 70% in the tropics and NH midlatitudes. This occurs because relative-to-tropopause averaging better preserves the larger cross-tropopause O-3 gradients which are seen in the daily sonde data, but not in daily model profiles. Relative-to-tropopause averages therefore more accurately reveal model/measurement discrepancies. The relative annual cycle of ozone near the tropopause is reproduced very well in the model Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. In the tropics, the model amplitude of the near-tropopause annual cycle is weak. This is likely due to the annual amplitude of mean vertical upwelling near the tropopause, which analysis suggests is similar to 30% weaker than in the real atmosphere.
C1 [Considine, D. B.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Logan, J. A.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Olsen, M. A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
RP Considine, DB (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
EM david.b.considine@nasa.gov
NR 50
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 3
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 9
BP 2365
EP 2385
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 301GX
UT WOS:000255885500006
ER
PT J
AU Henze, DK
Seinfeld, JH
Ng, NL
Kroll, JH
Fu, TM
Jacob, DJ
Heald, CL
AF Henze, D. K.
Seinfeld, J. H.
Ng, N. L.
Kroll, J. H.
Fu, T. -M.
Jacob, D. J.
Heald, C. L.
TI Global modeling of secondary organic aerosol formation from aromatic
hydrocarbons: high- vs. low-yield pathways
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID OH-INITIATED OXIDATION; M-XYLENE; PEROXY-RADICALS; TROPOSPHERIC
CHEMISTRY; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS; ALPHA-PINENE; P-XYLENE; BENZENE; MASS;
NOX
AB Formation of SOA from the aromatic species toluene, xylene, and, for the first time, benzene, is added to a global chemical transport model. A simple mechanism is presented that accounts for competition between low and high-yield pathways of SOA formation, wherein secondary gas-phase products react further with either nitric oxide (NO) or hydroperoxy radical (HO2) to yield semi- or non-volatile products, respectively. Aromatic species yield more SOA when they react with OH in regions where the [NO]/[HO2] ratios are lower. The SOA yield thus depends upon the distribution of aromatic emissions, with biomass burning emissions being in areas with lower [NO]/[HO2] ratios, and the reactivity of the aromatic with respect to OH, as a lower initial reactivity allows transport away from industrial source regions, where [NO]/[HO2] ratios are higher, to more remote regions, where this ratio is lower and, hence, the ultimate yield of SOA is higher. As a result, benzene is estimated to be the most important aromatic species with regards to global formation of SOA, with a total production nearly equal that of toluene and xylene combined. Global production of SOA from aromatic sources via the mechanisms identified here is estimated at 3.5 Tg/yr, resulting in a global burden of 0.08 Tg, twice as large as previous estimates. The contribution of these largely anthropogenic sources to global SOA is still small relative to biogenic sources, which are estimated to comprise 90% of the global SOA burden, about half of which comes from isoprene. Uncertainty in these estimates owing to factors ranging from the atmospheric relevance of chamber conditions to model deficiencies result in an estimated range of SOA production from aromatics of 2-12 Tg/yr. Though this uncertainty range affords a significant anthropogenic contribution to global SOA, it is evident from comparisons to recent observations that additional pathways for production of anthropogenic SOA still exist beyond those accounted for here. Nevertheless, owing to differences in spatial distributions of sources and seasons of peak production, regions exist in which aromatic SOA produced via the mechanisms identified here are predicted to contribute substantially to, and even dominate, the local SOA concentrations, such as outflow regions from North America and South East Asia during the wintertime, though total modeled SOA concentrations there are small (similar to 0.1 mu g/m(3)).
C1 [Henze, D. K.; Seinfeld, J. H.; Ng, N. L.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Kroll, J. H.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA.
[Fu, T. -M.; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA USA.
[Fu, T. -M.; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Heald, C. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Henze, DK (reprint author), Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM dkh2114@columbia.edu
RI Heald, Colette/A-6813-2011; Henze, Daven/A-1920-2012; Fu,
Tzung-May/N-3418-2015
NR 84
TC 169
Z9 174
U1 13
U2 89
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 9
BP 2405
EP 2420
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 301GX
UT WOS:000255885500008
ER
PT J
AU De Maziere, M
Vigouroux, C
Bernath, PF
Baron, P
Blumenstock, T
Boone, C
Brogniez, C
Catoire, V
Coffey, M
Duchatelet, P
Griffith, D
Hannigan, J
Kasai, Y
Kramer, I
Jones, N
Mahieu, E
Manney, GL
Piccolo, C
Randall, C
Robert, C
Senten, C
Strong, K
Taylor, J
Tetard, C
Walker, KA
Wood, S
AF De Maziere, M.
Vigouroux, C.
Bernath, P. F.
Baron, P.
Blumenstock, T.
Boone, C.
Brogniez, C.
Catoire, V.
Coffey, M.
Duchatelet, P.
Griffith, D.
Hannigan, J.
Kasai, Y.
Kramer, I.
Jones, N.
Mahieu, E.
Manney, G. L.
Piccolo, C.
Randall, C.
Robert, C.
Senten, C.
Strong, K.
Taylor, J.
Tetard, C.
Walker, K. A.
Wood, S.
TI Validation of ACE-FTS v2.2 methane profiles from the upper troposphere
to the lower mesosphere
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH SATELLITE; TRACE GAS
OBSERVATIONS; GROUND-BASED FTIR; POLAR VORTEX; HIGH-RESOLUTION; NOVEMBER
1994; MIPAS; INSTRUMENT; RETRIEVAL
AB The ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment - Fourier Transform Spectrometer) solar occultation instrument that was launched onboard the Canadian SCISAT-1 satellite in August 2003 is measuring vertical profiles from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere for a large number of atmospheric constituents. Methane is one of the key species. The version v2.2 data of the ACE-FTS CH4 data have been compared to correlative satellite, balloon-borne and ground-based Fourier transform infrared remote sensing data to assess their quality. The comparison results indicate that the accuracy of the data is within 10% in the upper troposphere - lower stratosphere, and within 25% in the middle and higher stratosphere up to the lower mesosphere (<60 km). The observed differences are generally consistent with reported systematic uncertainties. ACE-FTS is also shown to reproduce the variability of methane in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere.
C1 [De Maziere, M.; Vigouroux, C.; Senten, C.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium.
[Bernath, P. F.; Boone, C.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Baron, P.; Kasai, Y.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Tokyo, Japan.
[Blumenstock, T.; Kramer, I.] Univ Karlsruhe, IMK ASF, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Blumenstock, T.; Kramer, I.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IMK ASF, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Brogniez, C.; Tetard, C.] Univ Sci & Tech Lille, Opt Atmospher Lab, Lille, France.
[Catoire, V.; Robert, C.] Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, Orleans, France.
[Coffey, M.; Hannigan, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Duchatelet, P.; Mahieu, E.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Liege, Belgium.
[Griffith, D.; Jones, N.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
[Manney, G. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Piccolo, C.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England.
[Strong, K.; Taylor, J.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Wood, S.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Lauder, New Zealand.
[Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, Heslington, Yorks, England.
[Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM USA.
[Randall, C.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Randall, C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP De Maziere, M (reprint author), Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium.
EM martine@oma.be
RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Blumenstock,
Thomas/K-2263-2012; Catoire, Valery/E-9662-2015; Jones,
Nicholas/G-5575-2011; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014;
OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Catoire, Valery/0000-0001-8126-3096;
Jones, Nicholas/0000-0002-0111-2368; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397;
Mahieu, Emmanuel/0000-0002-5251-0286
NR 42
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 11
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 9
BP 2421
EP 2435
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 301GX
UT WOS:000255885500009
ER
PT J
AU Rohen, GJ
Savigny, CV
Kaiser, JW
Llewellyn, EJ
Froidevaux, L
Lopez-Puertas, M
Steck, T
Palm, M
Winkler, H
Sinnhuber, M
Bovensmann, H
Burrows, JP
AF Rohen, G. J.
Savigny, C. V.
Kaiser, J. W.
Llewellyn, E. J.
Froidevaux, L.
Lopez-Puertas, M.
Steck, T.
Palm, M.
Winkler, H.
Sinnhuber, M.
Bovensmann, H.
Burrows, J. P.
TI Ozone profile retrieval from limb scatter measurements in the HARTLEY
bands: further retrieval details and profile comparisons
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; O-3 PROFILES; SAGE-II; SCIAMACHY;
VALIDATION; SATELLITE; SPECTRA; MISSION; DISTRIBUTIONS; INSTRUMENTS
AB SCIAMACHY limb scatter radiance measurements at selected wavelengths in the HARTLEY bands have been used to retrieve ozone profiles in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. Comparisons with profiles measured by a ground based radiometer in Norway, MIPAS on board ENVISAT, HALOE on UARS and MLS on AURA indicate an agreement within 15% between 40 and 55 km and show that the retrieval provides reliable ozone profiles at these altitudes. Above 55 km, an increasing overestimation is observed. Beside the profile comparisons, further retrieval features of the current retrieval (version 1.26) are described.
C1 [Rohen, G. J.; Savigny, C. V.; Palm, M.; Winkler, H.; Sinnhuber, M.; Bovensmann, H.; Burrows, J. P.] Inst Environm Phys & Remote Sensing, Bremen, Germany.
[Kaiser, J. W.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
[Llewellyn, E. J.] Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
[Froidevaux, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Lopez-Puertas, M.] Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain.
[Steck, T.] Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, Karlsruhe, Germany.
RP Rohen, GJ (reprint author), Inst Environm Phys & Remote Sensing, Bremen, Germany.
EM rohen@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de
RI winkler, holger/F-6323-2012; Sinnhuber, Miriam/A-7252-2013; Kaiser,
Johannes/A-7057-2012; Lopez Puertas, Manuel/M-8219-2013; Bovensmann,
Heinrich/P-4135-2016; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014
OI Palm, Mathias/0000-0001-7191-6911; winkler, holger/0000-0001-8162-7996;
Kaiser, Johannes/0000-0003-3696-9123; Lopez Puertas,
Manuel/0000-0003-2941-7734; Bovensmann, Heinrich/0000-0001-8882-4108;
Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580
NR 40
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 9
BP 2509
EP 2517
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 301GX
UT WOS:000255885500014
ER
PT J
AU Clerbaux, C
George, M
Turquety, S
Walker, KA
Barret, B
Bernath, P
Boone, C
Borsdorff, T
Cammas, JP
Catoire, V
Coffey, M
Coheur, PF
Deeter, M
De Maziere, M
Drummond, J
Duchatelet, P
Dupuy, E
de Zafra, R
Eddounia, F
Edwards, DP
Emmons, L
Funke, B
Gille, J
Griffith, DWT
Hannigan, J
Hase, F
Hopfner, M
Jones, N
Kagawa, A
Kasai, Y
Kramer, I
Le Flochmoen, E
Livesey, NJ
Lopez-Puertas, M
Luo, M
Mahieu, E
Murtagh, D
Nedelec, P
Pazmino, A
Pumphrey, H
Ricaud, P
Rinsland, CP
Robert, C
Schneider, M
Senten, C
Stiller, G
Strandberg, A
Strong, K
Sussmann, R
Thouret, V
Urban, J
Wiacek, A
AF Clerbaux, C.
George, M.
Turquety, S.
Walker, K. A.
Barret, B.
Bernath, P.
Boone, C.
Borsdorff, T.
Cammas, J. P.
Catoire, V.
Coffey, M.
Coheur, P. -F.
Deeter, M.
De Maziere, M.
Drummond, J.
Duchatelet, P.
Dupuy, E.
de Zafra, R.
Eddounia, F.
Edwards, D. P.
Emmons, L.
Funke, B.
Gille, J.
Griffith, D. W. T.
Hannigan, J.
Hase, F.
Hoepfner, M.
Jones, N.
Kagawa, A.
Kasai, Y.
Kramer, I.
Le Flochmoen, E.
Livesey, N. J.
Lopez-Puertas, M.
Luo, M.
Mahieu, E.
Murtagh, D.
Nedelec, P.
Pazmino, A.
Pumphrey, H.
Ricaud, P.
Rinsland, C. P.
Robert, C.
Schneider, M.
Senten, C.
Stiller, G.
Strandberg, A.
Strong, K.
Sussmann, R.
Thouret, V.
Urban, J.
Wiacek, A.
TI CO measurements from the ACE-FTS satellite instrument: data analysis and
validation using ground-based, airborne and spaceborne observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; FTIR MEASUREMENTS; TECHNICAL NOTE; ERROR ANALYSIS; AURA
MISSION; RETRIEVAL; CHEMISTRY; SPECTROSCOPY; TROPOSPHERE; NORTHERN
AB The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) mission was launched in August 2003 to sound the atmosphere by solar occultation. Carbon monoxide (CO), a good tracer of pollution plumes and atmospheric dynamics, is one of the key species provided by the primary instrument, the ACE-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). This instrument performs measurements in both the CO 1-0 and 2-0 ro-vibrational bands, from which vertically resolved CO concentration profiles are retrieved, from the mid-troposphere to the thermosphere. This paper presents an updated description of the ACE-FTS version 2.2 CO data product, along with a comprehensive validation of these profiles using available observations (February 2004 to December 2006). We have compared the CO partial columns with ground-based measurements using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and millimeter wave radiometry, and the volume mixing ratio profiles with airborne (both high-altitude balloon flight and airplane) observations. CO satellite observations provided by nadir-looking instruments (MOPITT and TES) as well as limb-viewing remote sensors (MIPAS, SMR and MLS) were also compared with the ACE-FTS CO products. We show that the ACE-FTS measurements provide CO profiles with small retrieval errors (better than 5% from the upper troposphere to 40 km, and better than 10% above). These observations agree well with the correlative measurements, considering the rather loose coincidence criteria in some cases. Based on the validation exercise we assess the following uncertainties to the ACE-FTS measurement data: better than 15% in the upper troposphere (8-12 km), than 30% in the lower stratosphere (12-30 km), and than 25% from 30 to 100 km.
C1 [Clerbaux, C.; George, M.; Turquety, S.; Eddounia, F.; Pazmino, A.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Serv Aeron IPSL, Paris, France.
[Walker, K. A.; Bernath, P.; Boone, C.; Dupuy, E.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Walker, K. A.; Strong, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
[Barret, B.; Cammas, J. P.; Le Flochmoen, E.; Nedelec, P.; Ricaud, P.; Thouret, V.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, UMR 5560, Lab Aerol, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
[Bernath, P.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Borsdorff, T.; Sussmann, R.] IMK IFU, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany.
[Catoire, V.; Robert, C.] Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, Orleans, France.
[Coffey, M.; Deeter, M.; Edwards, D. P.; Emmons, L.; Gille, J.; Hannigan, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Coheur, P. -F.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
[De Maziere, M.; Senten, C.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium.
[Drummond, J.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.
[Duchatelet, P.; Mahieu, E.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Liege, Belgium.
[de Zafra, R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Funke, B.; Lopez-Puertas, M.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain.
[Griffith, D. W. T.; Jones, N.] Univ Wollongong, Dept Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
[Hase, F.; Hoepfner, M.; Kramer, I.; Schneider, M.; Stiller, G.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Kagawa, A.] Fujitsu FIP Corp, Tokyo, Japan.
[Kasai, Y.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Tokyo, Japan.
[Livesey, N. J.] Jet Prop Lab, Microwave Atmospher Sci Team, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Luo, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Murtagh, D.; Strandberg, A.; Urban, J.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Pumphrey, H.] Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Rinsland, C. P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Clerbaux, C (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Serv Aeron IPSL, Paris, France.
EM ccl@aero.jussieu.fr
RI Catoire, Valery/E-9662-2015; Jones, Nicholas/G-5575-2011; Murtagh,
Donal/F-8694-2011; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; Deeter,
Merritt/O-6078-2016; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Funke,
Bernd/C-2162-2008; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Strong,
Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Drummond, James/O-7467-2014; Barret,
Brice/I-9350-2012; Sussmann, Ralf/K-3999-2012; Hopfner,
Michael/A-7255-2013; Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013; Hase,
Frank/A-7497-2013; Schneider, Matthias/B-1441-2013; Urban,
Jo/F-9172-2010; Lopez Puertas, Manuel/M-8219-2013; Garmisch-Pa,
Ifu/H-9902-2014
OI Mahieu, Emmanuel/0000-0002-5251-0286; Catoire,
Valery/0000-0001-8126-3096; Jones, Nicholas/0000-0002-0111-2368;
Murtagh, Donal/0000-0003-1539-3559; Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518;
Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Funke, Bernd/0000-0003-0462-4702;
Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Barret, Brice/0000-0002-1784-4758;
Hopfner, Michael/0000-0002-4174-9531; Stiller,
Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; Urban, Jo/0000-0001-7026-793X; Lopez
Puertas, Manuel/0000-0003-2941-7734;
NR 81
TC 55
Z9 59
U1 0
U2 12
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 9
BP 2569
EP 2594
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 301GX
UT WOS:000255885500018
ER
PT J
AU Su, J
Huang, JP
Fu, Q
Minnis, P
Ge, JM
Bi, JR
AF Su, Jing
Huang, Jianping
Fu, Qiang
Minnis, P.
Ge, Jinming
Bi, Jianrong
TI Estimation of Asian dust aerosol effect on cloud radiation forcing using
Fu-Liou radiative model and CERES measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CLIMATE; SATELLITE
AB The impact of Asian dust on cloud radiative forcing during 2003-2006 is studied by using the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy Budget Scanner (CERES) data and the Fu-Liou radiative transfer model. Analysis of satellite data shows that the dust aerosol significantly reduced the cloud cooling effect at TOA. In dust contaminated cloudy regions, the 4-year mean values of the instantaneous shortwave, longwave and net cloud radiative forcing are -138.9, 69.1, and -69.7 Wm(-2), which are 57.0, 74.2, and 46.3%, respectively, of the corresponding values in pristine cloudy regions. The satellite-retrieved cloud properties are significantly different in the dusty regions and can influence the radiative forcing indirectly. The contributions to the cloud radiation forcing by the dust direct, indirect and semi-direct effects are estimated using combined satellite observations and Fu-Liou model simulation. The 4-year mean value of combination of dust indirect and semi-direct shortwave radiative forcing (SWRF) is 82.2 Wm(-2), which is 78.4% of the total dust effect. The dust direct effect is only 22.7 Wm(-2), which is 21.6% of the total effect. Because both first and second indirect effects enhance cloud cooling, the aerosol-induced cloud warming is mainly the result of the semi-direct effect of dust.
C1 [Su, Jing; Huang, Jianping; Fu, Qiang; Ge, Jinming; Bi, Jianrong] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
[Fu, Qiang] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Minnis, P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
RP Huang, JP (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
EM hjp@lzu.edu.cn
RI Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010
OI Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148
NR 26
TC 44
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 10
BP 2763
EP 2771
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 307AM
UT WOS:000256289900012
ER
PT J
AU Yumimoto, K
Uno, I
Sugimoto, N
Shimizu, A
Liu, Z
Winker, DM
AF Yumimoto, K.
Uno, I.
Sugimoto, N.
Shimizu, A.
Liu, Z.
Winker, D. M.
TI Adjoint inversion modeling of Asian dust emission using lidar
observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; CHEMISTRY DATA ASSIMILATION;
SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; STATE ESTIMATION; AEROSOL; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT;
VALIDATION; FORECAST; SYSTEM
AB A four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation system for a regional dust model (RAMS/CFORS-4DVAR; RC4) is applied to an adjoint inversion of a heavy dust event over eastern Asia during 20 March-4 April 2007. The vertical profiles of the dust extinction coefficients derived from NIES Lidar network are directly assimilated, with validation using observation data. Two experiments assess impacts of observation site selection: Experiment A uses five Japanese observation sites located downwind of dust source regions; Experiment B uses these and two other sites near source regions. Assimilation improves the modeled dust extinction coefficients. Experiment A and Experiment B assimilation results are mutually consistent, indicating that observations of Experiment A distributed over Japan can provide comprehensive information related to dust emission inversion. Time series data of dust AOT calculated using modeled and Lidar dust extinction coefficients improve the model results. At Seoul, Matsue, and Toyama, assimilation reduces the root mean square differences of dust AOT by 35-40%. However, at Beijing and Tsukuba, the RMS differences degrade because of fewer observations during the heavy dust event. Vertical profiles of the dust layer observed by CALIPSO are compared with assimilation results. The dense dust layer was trapped at potential temperatures (theta) of 280-300 K and was higher toward the north; the model reproduces those characteristics well. Latitudinal distributions of modeled dust AOT along the CALIPSO orbit paths agree well with those of CALIPSO dust AOT, OMI AI, and MODIS coarse-mode AOT, capturing the latitude at which AOTs and AI have high values. Assimilation results show increased dust emissions over the Gobi Desert and Mongolia; especially for 29-30 March, emission flux is about 10 times greater. Strong dust uplift fluxes over the Gobi Desert and Mongolia cause the heavy dust event. Total optimized dust emissions are 57.9 Tg (Experiment A; 57.8% larger than before assimilation) and 56.3 Tg (Experiment B; 53.4% larger).
C1 [Yumimoto, K.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci & Technol, Fukuoka 812, Japan.
[Uno, I.] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan.
[Sugimoto, N.; Shimizu, A.] Natl Inst Environm Study, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Liu, Z.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA.
[Winker, D. M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Yumimoto, K (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci & Technol, Fukuoka 812, Japan.
EM yumimoto@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp
RI Liu, Zhaoyan/A-9604-2009; Shimizu, Atsushi/C-2810-2009; Kyushu,
RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Liu, Zhaoyan/B-1783-2010;
Uno, Itsushi/B-5952-2011; Yumimoto, Keiya/G-1345-2012; Sugimoto,
Nobuo/C-5189-2015
OI Shimizu, Atsushi/0000-0002-7306-7412; Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738;
Yumimoto, Keiya/0000-0002-3465-0613; Sugimoto, Nobuo/0000-0002-0545-1316
NR 44
TC 75
Z9 75
U1 2
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 11
BP 2869
EP 2884
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 314BQ
UT WOS:000256784100004
ER
PT J
AU Read, KA
Lewis, AC
Bauguitte, S
Rankin, AM
Salmon, RA
Wolff, EW
Saiz-Lopez, A
Bloss, WJ
Heard, DE
Lee, JD
Plane, JMC
AF Read, K. A.
Lewis, A. C.
Bauguitte, S.
Rankin, A. M.
Salmon, R. A.
Wolff, E. W.
Saiz-Lopez, A.
Bloss, W. J.
Heard, D. E.
Lee, J. D.
Plane, J. M. C.
TI DMS and MSA measurements in the Antarctic Boundary Layer: Impact of BrO
on MSA production
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DURVILLE COASTAL ANTARCTICA; METHANE SULFONIC-ACID; SEGREGATED AEROSOL
COMPOSITION; SALT SULFATE AEROSOLS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; DIMETHYL
SULFIDE; ATMOSPHERIC DIMETHYLSULFIDE; BIOGENIC SULFUR; MARINE AIR;
CHEMISTRY
AB In situ measurements of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and methane sulphonic acid (MSA) were made at Halley Station, Antarctica (75 degrees 35' S, 26 degrees 19' W) during February 2004-February 2005 as part of the CHABLIS (Chemistry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer and the Interface with Snow) project. DMS was present in the atmosphere at Halley all year (average 38.1+/-43 pptV) with a maximum monthly average value of 113.6+/-52 pptV in February 2004 coinciding temporally with a minimum in sea extent. Whilst seasonal variability and interannual variability can be attributed to a number of factors, short term variability appeared strongly dependent on air mass origin and trajectory pressure height. The MSA and derived non-sea salt sulphate (nss-SO42-) measurements showed no correlation with those of DMS (regression R-2=0.039, and R-2=0.001 respectively) in-line with the complexity of DMS fluxes, alternative oxidation routes, transport of air masses and variable spatial coverage of both sea-ice and phytoplankton. MSA was generally low throughout the year, with an annual average of 42 ng m(-3) (9.8+/-13.2 pptV), however MSA: nss-SO42- ratios were high implying a dominance of the addition oxidation route for DMS. Including BrO measurements into MSA production calculations demonstrated the significance of BrO on DMS oxidation within this region of the atmosphere in austral summer. Assuming an 80% yield of DMSO from the reaction of DMS+BrO, an atmospheric concentration of BrO equal to 3 pptV increased the calculated MSA production from DMS by a factor of 9 above that obtained when considering only reaction with the hydroxyl radical. These findings have significant atmospheric implications, but may also impact on the interpretation of ice cores which previously relied on the understanding of MSA and nss-SO42- chemistry to provide information on environmental conditions such as sea ice extent and the origins of sulphur within the ice.
C1 [Read, K. A.; Lewis, A. C.; Lee, J. D.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO19 4RR, N Yorkshire, England.
[Bauguitte, S.; Rankin, A. M.; Salmon, R. A.; Wolff, E. W.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
[Saiz-Lopez, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Earth & Space Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Bloss, W. J.] Univ Birmingham, Dept Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
[Heard, D. E.; Plane, J. M. C.] Univ Leeds, Dept Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
RP Read, KA (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO19 4RR, N Yorkshire, England.
EM km519@york.ac.uk
RI Wolff, Eric/D-7925-2014; Bloss, William/N-1305-2014; Saiz-Lopez,
Alfonso/B-3759-2015; Lewis, Alastair/A-6721-2008; Plane,
John/C-7444-2015;
OI Wolff, Eric/0000-0002-5914-8531; Bloss, William/0000-0002-3017-4461;
Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso/0000-0002-0060-1581; Lewis,
Alastair/0000-0002-4075-3651; Plane, John/0000-0003-3648-6893; Heard,
Dwayne/0000-0002-0357-6238
NR 54
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 2
U2 21
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 11
BP 2985
EP 2997
DI 10.5194/acp-8-2985-2008
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 314BQ
UT WOS:000256784100011
ER
PT J
AU Kulawik, SS
Bowman, KW
Luo, M
Rodgers, CD
Jourdain, L
AF Kulawik, S. S.
Bowman, K. W.
Luo, M.
Rodgers, C. D.
Jourdain, L.
TI Impact of nonlinearity on changing the a priori of trace gas profile
estimates from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES)
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; OZONE
AB Non-linear maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates of atmospheric profiles from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) contains a priori information that may vary geographically, which is a confounding factor in the analysis and physical interpretation of an ensemble of profiles. One mitigation strategy is to transform profile estimates to a common prior using a linear operation thereby facilitating the interpretation of profile variability. However, this operation is dependent on the assumption of not worse than moderate non-linearity near the solution of the non-linear estimate. The robustness of this assumption is tested by comparing atmospheric retrievals from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer processed with a uniform prior with those processed with a variable prior and converted to a uniform prior following the non-linear retrieval. Linearly converting the prior following a non-linear retrieval is shown to have a minor effect on the results as compared to a non-linear retrieval using a uniform prior when compared to the expected total error, with less than 10% of the change in the prior ending up as unbiased fluctuations in the profile estimate results.
C1 [Kulawik, S. S.; Bowman, K. W.; Luo, M.; Jourdain, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Rodgers, C. D.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
RP Kulawik, SS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM susan.s.kulawik@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 29
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 1
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 12
BP 3081
EP 3092
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 319GZ
UT WOS:000257153400006
ER
PT J
AU Barret, B
Ricaud, P
Mari, C
Attie, JL
Bousserez, N
Josse, B
Le Flochmoen, E
Livesey, NJ
Massart, S
Peuch, VH
Piacentini, A
Sauvage, B
Thouret, V
Cammas, JP
AF Barret, B.
Ricaud, P.
Mari, C.
Attie, J. -L.
Bousserez, N.
Josse, B.
Le Flochmoen, E.
Livesey, N. J.
Massart, S.
Peuch, V. -H.
Piacentini, A.
Sauvage, B.
Thouret, V.
Cammas, J. -P.
TI Transport pathways of CO in the African upper troposphere during the
monsoon season: a study based upon the assimilation of spaceborne
observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; MODEL MOCAGE; OZONE; CHEMISTRY; AIR; INSTRUMENT;
IMPACT; STRATOSPHERE; SIMULATIONS; VALIDATION
AB The transport pathways of carbon monoxide (CO) in the African Upper Troposphere (UT) during the West African Monsoon (WAM) is investigated through the assimilation of CO observations by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) in the MOCAGE Chemistry Transport Model (CTM). The assimilation setup, based on a 3-D First Guess at Assimilation Time (3-D-FGAT) variational method is described. Comparisons between the assimilated CO fields and in situ airborne observations from the MOZAIC program between Europe and both Southern Africa and Southeast Asia show an overall good agreement around the lowermost pressure level sampled by MLS (similar to 215 hPa). The 4-D assimilated fields averaged over the month of July 2006 have been used to determine the main dynamical processes responsible for the transport of CO in the African UT. The studied period corresponds to the second AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses) aircraft campaign. At 220 hPa, the CO distribution is characterized by a latitudinal maximum around 5 degrees N mostly driven by convective uplift of air masses impacted by biomass burning from Southern Africa, uplifted within the WAM region and vented predominantly southward by the upper branch of the winter hemisphere Hadley cell. Above 150 hPa, the African CO distribution is characterized by a broad maximum over northern Africa. This maximum is mostly controlled by the large scale UT circulation driven by the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) and characterized by the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone (AMA) centered at 30 degrees N and the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) on the southern flank of the anticyclone. Asian pollution uplifted to the UT over large region of Southeast Asia is trapped within the AMA and transported by the anticyclonic circulation over Northeast Africa. South of the AMA, the TEJ is responsible for the tranport of CO-enriched air masses from India and Southeast Asia over Africa. Using the high time resolution provided by the 4-D assimilated fields, we give evidence that the variability of the African CO distribution above 150 hPa and north of the WAM region is mainly driven by the synoptic dynamical variability of both the AMA and the TEJ.
C1 [Barret, B.; Ricaud, P.; Mari, C.; Attie, J. -L.; Bousserez, N.; Le Flochmoen, E.; Sauvage, B.; Thouret, V.; Cammas, J. -P.] Univ Toulouse, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France.
[Barret, B.; Ricaud, P.; Mari, C.; Attie, J. -L.; Bousserez, N.; Le Flochmoen, E.; Sauvage, B.; Thouret, V.; Cammas, J. -P.] CNRS, UMR 5560, Toulouse, France.
[Josse, B.; Peuch, V. -H.] Meteo France, CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France.
[Josse, B.; Peuch, V. -H.] CNRS, URA 1357, Toulouse, France.
[Massart, S.; Piacentini, A.] CERFACS, F-31057 Toulouse, France.
[Livesey, N. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Barret, B (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France.
EM barp@aero.obs-mip.fr
RI Peuch, Vincent-Henri/A-7308-2008; Barret, Brice/I-9350-2012
OI Barret, Brice/0000-0002-1784-4758
NR 61
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 1
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 12
BP 3231
EP 3246
DI 10.5194/acp-8-3231-2008
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 319GZ
UT WOS:000257153400016
ER
PT J
AU Wolff, MA
Kerzenmacher, T
Strong, K
Walker, KA
Toohey, M
Dupuy, E
Bernath, PF
Boone, CD
Brohede, S
Catoire, V
Von Clarmann, T
Coffey, M
Daffer, WH
De Maziere, M
Duchatelet, P
Glatthor, N
Griffith, DWT
Hannigan, J
Hase, F
Hopfner, M
Huret, N
Jones, N
Jucks, K
Kagawa, A
Kasai, Y
Kramer, I
Kullmann, H
Kuttippurath, J
Mahieu, E
Manney, G
McElroy, CT
McLinden, C
Mebarki, Y
Mikuteit, S
Murtagh, D
Piccolo, C
Raspollini, P
Ridolfi, M
Ruhnke, R
Santee, M
Senten, C
Smale, D
Tetard, C
Urban, J
Wood, S
AF Wolff, M. A.
Kerzenmacher, T.
Strong, K.
Walker, K. A.
Toohey, M.
Dupuy, E.
Bernath, P. F.
Boone, C. D.
Brohede, S.
Catoire, V.
von Clarmann, T.
Coffey, M.
Daffer, W. H.
De Maziere, M.
Duchatelet, P.
Glatthor, N.
Griffith, D. W. T.
Hannigan, J.
Hase, F.
Hoepfner, M.
Huret, N.
Jones, N.
Jucks, K.
Kagawa, A.
Kasai, Y.
Kramer, I.
Kuellmann, H.
Kuttippurath, J.
Mahieu, E.
Manney, G.
McElroy, C. T.
McLinden, C.
Mebarki, Y.
Mikuteit, S.
Murtagh, D.
Piccolo, C.
Raspollini, P.
Ridolfi, M.
Ruhnke, R.
Santee, M.
Senten, C.
Smale, D.
Tetard, C.
Urban, J.
Wood, S.
TI Validation of HNO3, ClONO2, and N2O5 from the Atmospheric Chemistry
Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS)
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Review
ID GROUND-BASED FTIR; CRYOGENIC INFRARED SPECTROMETERS; SOLAR OCCULTATION
SPECTRA; CHLORINE NITRATE CLONO2; LONG-TERM TREND; STRATOSPHERIC
CHLORINE; ATMOS EXPERIMENT; OZONE DEPLETION; HIGH-RESOLUTION;
NITRIC-ACID
AB The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite was launched on 12 August 2003. Its two instruments measure vertical profiles of over 30 atmospheric trace gases by analyzing solar occultation spectra in the ultraviolet/visible and infrared wavelength regions. The reservoir gases HNO3, ClONO2, and N2O5 are three of the key species provided by the primary instrument, the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). This paper describes the ACE-FTS version 2.2 data products, including the N2O5 update, for the three species and presents validation comparisons with available observations. We have compared volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles of HNO3, ClONO2, and N2O5 with measurements by other satellite instruments (SMR, MLS, MIPAS), aircraft measurements (ASUR), and single balloon-flights (SPIRALE, FIRS-2). Partial columns of HNO3 and ClONO2 were also compared with measurements by ground-based Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. Overall the quality of the ACE-FTS v2.2 HNO3 VMR profiles is good from 18 to 35 km. For the statistical satellite comparisons, the mean absolute differences are generally within +/- 1 ppbv (+/- 20%) from 18 to 35 km. For MIPAS and MLS comparisons only, mean relative differences lie within +/- 10% between 10 and 36 km. ACE-FTS HNO3 partial columns (similar to 15-30 km) show a slight negative bias of - 1.3% relative to the ground-based FTIRs at latitudes ranging from 77.8 degrees S-76.5 degrees N. Good agreement between ACE-FTS ClONO2 and MIPAS, using the Institut fur Meteorologie und Klimaforschung and Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IMK-IAA) data processor is seen. Mean absolute differences are typically within +/- 0.01 ppbv between 16 and 27 kin and less than +0.09 ppbv between 27 and 34 km. The ClONO2 partial column comparisons show varying degrees of agreement, depending on the location and the quality of the FTIR measurements. Good agreement was found for the comparisons with the rnidlatitude JungfrauJoch partial columns for which the mean relative difference is 4.7%. ACE-FTS N2O5 has a low bias relative to MIPAS IMK-IAA, reaching -0.25 ppbv at the altitude of the N2O5 maximum (around 30 km). Mean absolute differences at lower altitudes (16-27 km) are typically -0.05 ppbv for MIPAS nighttime and +/- 0.02 ppbv for MIPAS daytime measurements.
C1 [Wolff, M. A.; Kerzenmacher, T.; Strong, K.; Walker, K. A.; Toohey, M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Walker, K. A.; Dupuy, E.; Bernath, P. F.; Boone, C. D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Brohede, S.; Murtagh, D.; Urban, J.] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Catoire, V.; Huret, N.; Mebarki, Y.] Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, Orleans, France.
[von Clarmann, T.; Glatthor, N.; Hase, F.; Hoepfner, M.; Kramer, I.; Mikuteit, S.; Ruhnke, R.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[von Clarmann, T.; Glatthor, N.; Hase, F.; Hoepfner, M.; Kramer, I.; Mikuteit, S.; Ruhnke, R.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Coffey, M.; Hannigan, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Daffer, W. H.] Columbus Technol Inc, Pasadena, CA USA.
[De Maziere, M.; Senten, C.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium.
[Duchatelet, P.; Mahieu, E.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Liege, Belgium.
[Griffith, D. W. T.; Jones, N.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
[Jucks, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Kagawa, A.] Fujitsu FIP Corp, Tokyo, Japan.
[Kagawa, A.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Environm Sensing & Network Grp, Tokyo, Japan.
[Kuellmann, H.; Kuttippurath, J.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany.
[Manney, G.; Santee, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Manney, G.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
[McElroy, C. T.; McLinden, C.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Piccolo, C.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England.
[Raspollini, P.] Natl Res Ctr CNR, Inst Appl Phys Nello Carrara, Florence, Italy.
[Ridolfi, M.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim Fis & Inorgan, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
[Tetard, C.] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Opt Atmospher Lab, Villeneuve Dascq, France.
RP Wolff, MA (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
EM mwolff@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca
RI Barthlott, Sabine/B-1439-2013; Murtagh, Donal/F-8694-2011; Jones,
Nicholas/G-5575-2011; Urban, Jo/F-9172-2010; Toohey,
Matthew/G-3129-2010; McLinden, Chris/A-7710-2010; Bernath,
Peter/B-6567-2012; Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Ruhnke,
Roland/J-8800-2012; Hopfner, Michael/A-7255-2013; Hase,
Frank/A-7497-2013; von Clarmann, Thomas/A-7287-2013; Glatthor,
Norbert/B-2141-2013; Catoire, Valery/E-9662-2015
OI Barthlott, Sabine/0000-0003-0258-9421; Murtagh,
Donal/0000-0003-1539-3559; Mahieu, Emmanuel/0000-0002-5251-0286; Jones,
Nicholas/0000-0002-0111-2368; Urban, Jo/0000-0001-7026-793X; Toohey,
Matthew/0000-0002-7070-405X; McLinden, Chris/0000-0001-5054-1380;
Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Hopfner,
Michael/0000-0002-4174-9531; von Clarmann, Thomas/0000-0003-2219-3379;
Catoire, Valery/0000-0001-8126-3096
FU Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council (NSERC) of Canada; Swedish National Space Board (SNSB); Centre
National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France; National Technology Agency
of Finland (Tekes); MIPAS IMK-IAA; ESA; CNES; NASA Columbia Scientific
Balloon Facility; Swedish Space Corporation; ACE; CINA-MON; Envisat
Database; EU; IRF Kiruna; National Science Foundation; [C01X0204]
FX Funding for the ACE mission was provided primarily by the Canadian Space
Agency (CSA) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
(NSERC) of Canada. This work was also supported by a grant from the
CSA.; Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the
Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the CSA, the Centre National
d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France and the National Technology Agency
of Finland (Tekes).; Thanks to B. Bojkov of the Aura Validation Data
Center (AVDC) and the Aura-MLS Data Distribution Team for access to the
Aura-MLS dataset (see http://avdc.gsfc.nasa.gov). Work at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, is carried
Out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA).; We acknowledge the European Space Agency (ESA)
for providing the MIPAS level 1 and 2 datasets. We thank H. Fischer, U.
Grabowski, S. Kellmann, M. Kiefer, A. Linden, M. Milz, T. Steck. G. P.
Stiller, B. Funke, M. Lopez-Puertas, and G. Mengistu-Tsidu from the
MIPAS IMK-IAA team for their contributions and support.; The ASUR group
would like to acknowledge help and Support from H. Bremer, A. Kleinbohl
and G. Naeveke.; The SPIRALE balloon measurements could only be
performed thanks to the technical team (L. Pomathiod. B. Gaubicher. G.
Jannet): the flight was funded by ESA and space French agency CNES for
the Envisat validation project; the CNES balloon launching team is
greatly acknowledged for Successful operations. A. Hauchecorne is
acknowledged for making available the use of MIMOSA advection model and
F. Coquelet for useful help in the PV calculations and ACE data
formatting.; The FIRS-2 balloon measurements and data analysis were
funded by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Program. The launch was supported
both by the NASA Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility and the Swedish
Space Corporation.; Eight of the ground-based FTIR stations operate
within the framework of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric
Composition Change (NDACC, see http://www.ndacc.org). Poker Flat is a
NDACC candidate and is currently under the process of becoming a
complementary site. All stations are nationally funded and supported.
The Belgian contributions to the present effort were supported by the
ProDEx projects ACE. CINA-MON and Envisat Database. The European
ground-based FTIR stations have been supported partly by the EU project
UFTIR (http://www.nilu.no/uftir). Thanks are extended to the
"International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch
and Gornergrat" (HFSJG, Bern. Switzerland) for hosting the Liege FTIR
laboratory and for providing accommodation for the observers at the
Jungfraujoch site. The support by the local IRF Kiruna staff is highly
appreciated. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is
supported by the National Science Foundation. The NCAR FTIR observation
program at Thule, Greenland is supported under contract with NASA. The
NIWA contribution to this Study work was conducted within the FRST
funded Drivers and Mitigation of Global Change programme (C01X0204).
Support and logistics for measurements conducted at Arrival Heights was
supplied by Antarctica New Zealand.
NR 122
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U1 0
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 13
BP 3529
EP 3562
PG 34
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 324KF
UT WOS:000257516800010
ER
PT J
AU Hu, Y
Stamnes, K
Vaughan, M
Pelon, J
Weimer, C
Wu, D
Cisewski, M
Sun, W
Yang, P
Lin, B
Omar, A
Flittner, D
Hostetler, C
Trepte, C
Gibson, G
Santa-Maria, M
AF Hu, Y.
Stamnes, K.
Vaughan, M.
Pelon, J.
Weimer, C.
Wu, D.
Cisewski, M.
Sun, W.
Yang, P.
Lin, B.
Omar, A.
Flittner, D.
Hostetler, C.
Trepte, C.
Gibson, G.
Santa-Maria, M.
TI Sea surface wind speed estimation from space-based lidar measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID OCEAN SURFACE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; RADAR BACKSCATTER; DEPOLARIZATION;
SLOPE; REFLECTANCE; SATELLITE; CLOUDS
AB Global satellite observations of lidar backscatter measurements acquired by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) mission and collocated sea surface wind speed data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), are used to investigate the relation between wind driven wave slope variance and sea surface wind speed. The new slope variance - wind speed relation established from this study is similar to the linear relation from Cox-Munk (1954) and the log-linear relation from Wu (1990) for wind speed larger than 7 m/s and 13.3 m/s, respectively. For wind speed less than 7 m/s, the slope variance is proportional to the square root of the wind speed, assuming a two dimensional isotropic Gaussian wave slope distribution. This slope variance - wind speed relation becomes linear if a one dimensional Gaussian wave slope distribution and linear slope variance - wind speed relation are assumed. Contributions from whitecaps and subsurface backscattering are effectively removed by using 532 nm lidar depolarization measurements. This new slope variance - wind speed relation is used to derive sea surface wind speed from CALIPSO single shot lidar measurements (70 m spot size), after correcting for atmospheric attenuation. The CALIPSO wind speed result agrees with the collocated AMSR-E wind speed, with 1.2 m/s rms error. Ocean surface with lowest atmospheric loading and moderate wind speed (7-9 m/s) is used as target for lidar calibration correction.
C1 [Hu, Y.; Vaughan, M.; Cisewski, M.; Sun, W.; Lin, B.; Omar, A.; Flittner, D.; Hostetler, C.; Trepte, C.; Gibson, G.; Santa-Maria, M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Climate Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Stamnes, K.] Stevens Inst Tech, Dept Phys & Engn, Hoboken, NJ USA.
[Pelon, J.] Univ Paris 06, Serv Aeron, IPSL, Paris, France.
[Weimer, C.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA.
[Wu, D.] Ocean Univ China, Key Lab Ocean Remote Sensing, Qinvdao, Peoples R China.
[Yang, P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RP Hu, Y (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Climate Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
EM yongxiang.hu-1@nasa.gov
RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; Omar, Ali/D-7102-2017
OI Omar, Ali/0000-0003-1871-9235
FU NASA
FX This study is sponsored by NASA CALIPSO/CloudSat A-train and MIDAS
project of NASA Radiation Science Program and Ocean Biogeochemistry
Program under H. Maring, P. Bontempi and D. Anderson.
NR 27
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PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 13
BP 3593
EP 3601
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 324KF
UT WOS:000257516800013
ER
PT J
AU Derimian, Y
Karnieli, A
Kaufman, YJ
Andreae, MO
Andreae, TW
Dubovik, O
Maenhaut, W
Koren, I
AF Derimian, Y.
Karnieli, A.
Kaufman, Y. J.
Andreae, M. O.
Andreae, T. W.
Dubovik, O.
Maenhaut, W.
Koren, I.
TI The role of iron and black carbon in aerosol light absorption
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUMMER AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; EQUATORIAL
PACIFIC-OCEAN; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM;
DUST AEROSOLS; DESERT DUST; AEGEAN SEA; ACE-ASIA
AB Iron is a major component of atmospheric aerosols, influencing the light absorption ability of mineral dust, and an important micronutrient that affects oceanic biogeochemistry. The regional distribution of the iron concentration in dust is important for climate studies however, this is difficult to obtain since it requires in-situ aerosol sampling or simulation of complex natural processes. Simultaneous studies of aerosol chemical composition and radiometric measurements of aerosol optical properties, which were performed in the Negev desert of Israel continuously for about eight years, suggest a potential for deriving a relationship between chemical composition and light absorption properties, in particular the spectral single-scattering albedo.
The two main data sets of the present study were obtained by a sun/sky radiometer and a stacked filter unit sampler that collects particles in coarse and fine size fractions. Analysis of chemical and optical data showed the presence of mixed dust and pollution aerosol in the study area, although their sources appear to be different. Spectral SSA showed an evident response to increased concentrations of iron, black carbon equivalent matter, and their mixing state. A relationship that relates the spectral SSA, the percentage of iron in total particulate mass., and the pollution components was derived. Results calculated, using this relationship, were compared with measurements from dust episodes in several locations around the globe. The comparison showed reasonable agreement between the calculated and the observed iron concentrations, and supported the validity of the suggested approach for the estimation of iron concentrations in mineral dust.
C1 [Derimian, Y.; Karnieli, A.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel.
[Kaufman, Y. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Andreae, M. O.; Andreae, T. W.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Derimian, Y.; Dubovik, O.] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
[Maenhaut, W.] Univ Ghent, Inst Nucl Sci, Dept Analyt Chem, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
[Koren, I.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
RP Derimian, Y (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel.
EM derimian@loa.univ-lille1.fr
RI Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012; Maenhaut,
Willy/M-3091-2013; Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008
OI Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265;
Maenhaut, Willy/0000-0002-4715-4627; Andreae,
Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925
FU Belgian Federal Science Policy Office
FX The authors thank all members of the AERONET group, led by Brent N.
Holben, for data processing and operation of the AERONET sites. In
addition we thank the principle investigators Didier Tanre, Naif
Al-Abbadi. and their staff for establishing and maintaining Capo Verde.
Dakar and Solar Village sites used in this investigation. ne filter
analysis Was Supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office. The
authors are thankful to Joachim Huth from the Max Planck Institute for
Chemistry, Mainz, Germany. for the SEM images. Also. we appreciate
thoughtful and constructive comments made by reviewers G. Schuster. P.
Fialho and J. Barnard, which contributed to significant improvement of
the paper.
NR 83
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PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 13
BP 3623
EP 3637
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 324KF
UT WOS:000257516800015
ER
PT J
AU Koren, I
Oreopoulos, L
Feingold, G
Remer, LA
Altaratz, O
AF Koren, I.
Oreopoulos, L.
Feingold, G.
Remer, L. A.
Altaratz, O.
TI How small is a small cloud?
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; TRADE-WIND CUMULI; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SATELLITE
DATA; AEROSOL; DISTRIBUTIONS; STATISTICS; RESOLUTION
AB The interplay between clouds and aerosols and their contribution to the radiation budget is one of the largest uncertainties of climate change. Most work to date has separated cloudy and cloud-free areas in order to evaluate the individual radiative forcing of aerosols, clouds, and aerosol effects on clouds.
Here we examine the size distribution and the optical properties of small, sparse cumulus clouds and the associated optical properties of what is considered a cloud-free atmosphere within the cloud field. We show that any separation between clouds and cloud free atmosphere will incur errors in the calculated radiative forcing.
The nature of small cumulus cloud size distributions suggests that at any resolution, a significant fraction of the clouds are missed, and their optical properties are relegated to the apparent cloud-free optical properties. At the same time, the cloudy portion incorporates significant contribution from non-cloudy pixels.
We show that the largest contribution to the total cloud reflectance comes from the smallest clouds and that the spatial resolution changes the apparent energy flux of a broken cloudy scene. When changing the resolution from 30 m to 1 km (Landsat to MODIS) the average 'cloud-free' reflectance at 1.65 mu m increases from 0.0095 to 0.0115 (>20%), the cloud reflectance decreases from 0.13 to 0.066 (similar to 50%), and the cloud coverage doubles, resulting in an important impact on climate forcing estimations. The apparent aerosol forcing is on the order of 0.5 to 1 Wm(-2) per cloud field.
C1 [Koren, I.; Altaratz, O.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
[Oreopoulos, L.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Oreopoulos, L.; Remer, L. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Koren, I (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
EM ilan.koren@weizmann.ac.il
RI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/E-5868-2012; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Koren,
Ilan/K-1417-2012
OI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/0000-0001-6061-6905; Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265
NR 23
TC 58
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U1 1
U2 12
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 14
BP 3855
EP 3864
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 333IP
UT WOS:000258146500010
ER
PT J
AU Witte, JC
Schoeberl, MR
Douglass, AR
Thompson, AM
AF Witte, J. C.
Schoeberl, M. R.
Douglass, A. R.
Thompson, A. M.
TI The Quasi-biennial Oscillation and annual variations in tropical ozone
from SHADOZ and HALOE
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; ATMOSPHERE;
STRATOSPHERE; CYCLE
AB We examine the tropical ozone mixing ratio perturbation fields generated from a monthly ozone climatology using 1998 to 2006 ozonesonde data from the Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) network and the 13-year satellite record from 1993 to 2005 obtained from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE). The long time series and high vertical resolution of the ozone and temperature profiles from the SHADOZ sondes coupled with good tropical coverage north and south of the equator gives a detailed picture of the ozone structure in the lowermost stratosphere down through the tropopause where the picture obtained from HALOE measurements is blurred by coarse vertical resolution. Ozone perturbations respond to annual variations in the Brewer-Dobson Circulation (BDC) in the region just above the cold-point tropopause to around 20 km. Annual cycles in ozone and temperature are well correlated. Above 20 km, ozone and temperature perturbations are dominated by the Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO). Both satellite and sonde records show good agreement between positive and negative ozone mixing ratio anomalies and alternating QBO westerly and easterly wind shears from the Singapore rawinsondes with a mean periodicity of 26 months for SHADOZ and 25 months for HALOE. There is a temporal offset of one to three months with the QBO wind shear ahead of the ozone anomaly field. The meridional length scales for the annual cycle and the QBO, obtained using the temperature anomalies and wind shears in the thermal wind equation, compare well with theoretical calculations.
C1 [Witte, J. C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Schoeberl, M. R.; Douglass, A. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Witte, JC (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
EM jacquelyn.c.witte@nasa.gov
RI Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014
OI Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920
NR 28
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 14
BP 3929
EP 3936
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 333IP
UT WOS:000258146500016
ER
PT J
AU Buchard, V
Brogniez, C
Auriol, F
Bonnel, B
Lenoble, J
Tanskanen, A
Bojkov, B
Veefkind, P
AF Buchard, V.
Brogniez, C.
Auriol, F.
Bonnel, B.
Lenoble, J.
Tanskanen, A.
Bojkov, B.
Veefkind, P.
TI Comparison of OMI ozone and UV irradiance data with ground-based
measurements at two French sites
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MONITORING INSTRUMENT; SURFACE; ALGORITHM
AB Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), launched in July 2004, is dedicated to the monitoring of the Earth's ozone, air quality and climate. OMI is the successor of the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments and provides among other atmospheric and radiometric quantities the total column of ozone (TOC), the surface ultraviolet (UV) irradiance at several wavelengths, the erythemal dose rates and the erythemal daily doses. The main objective of this work is to compare OMI data with data from ground-based instruments in order to use OMI products (collection 2) for scientific studies. The Laboratoire d'Optique Atmospherique (LOA) located in Villeneuve d'Ascq (VdA) in the north of France performs solar UV measurements using a spectroradiometer. The site of Briancon in the French Southern Alps is also equipped with a spectroradiometer operated by Interaction Rayonnement Solaire Atmosphere (IRSA). The OMI total ozone column data is obtained from the OMI-TOMS and OMI-DOAS algorithms. The comparison between the TOC retrieved with ground-based measurements and OMI-TOMS data shows good agreement at both sites for all sky conditions with a relative difference for most of points better than 5%. For OMI-DOAS data, the agreement is generally better than 7% and these data show a significant dependence on solar zenith angle. Comparisons of spectral UV on clear sky conditions are also satisfying with relative differences smaller than 10% except at solar zenith angles larger than 65 degrees. On the contrary, results of comparisons of the erythemal dose rates and erythemal daily doses for clear sky show that OMI overestimates surface UV doses at VdA by about 15% and that on cloudy skies, the bias increases. At Briancon, such a bias is observed if data corresponding to snow-covered surface are excluded.
C1 [Buchard, V.; Brogniez, C.; Auriol, F.; Bonnel, B.; Lenoble, J.] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Opt Atmospher Lab, Lille, France.
[Lenoble, J.] Univ Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
[Tanskanen, A.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
[Bojkov, B.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Bojkov, B.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Veefkind, P.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands.
RP Buchard, V (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Opt Atmospher Lab, Lille, France.
EM buchard@loa.univ-lille1.fr
FU CNES; TOSCA
FX We thank T. Cabot and A. de la Casiniere for taking care of the Briancon
instrument which belongs to the Centre Europeen Medical et Bioclimatique
de Recherche et d'Enseignement Universitaire. The sites are supported by
CNES within the french program TOSCA. The figures were drawn using the
Mgraph package developed at LOA by L. Gonzalez and C. Deroo
(http://www-loa.univ-lille1.fr/Mgraph/). The Dutch-Finnish built OMI
instrument is part of the NASA EOS Aura satellite payload. The OMI
project is managed by NIVR and KNMI in the Netherlands. We thank the OMI
International Science Team for the satellite data used in this study.
The OMI surface UV data were obtained from the NASA Aura Validation Data
Center (AVDC). This work was performed in the framework of the
International ESA/KNMI/NIVR OMI "Announcement of Opportunity for
Calibration and Validation of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument",
providing early access to provisional OMI data sets and guidance to
public OMI data. OMI overpass data is available through the Aura
Validation Data Center (AVDC, http://avdc.gsfc.nasa.gov).
NR 29
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PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 16
BP 4517
EP 4528
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 343OR
UT WOS:000258863900003
ER
PT J
AU Economou, G
Christou, ED
Giannakourou, A
Gerasopoulos, E
Georgopoulos, D
Kotoulas, V
Lyra, D
Tsakalis, N
Tzortziou, M
Vahamidis, P
Papathanassiou, E
Karamanos, A
AF Economou, G.
Christou, E. D.
Giannakourou, A.
Gerasopoulos, E.
Georgopoulos, D.
Kotoulas, V.
Lyra, D.
Tsakalis, N.
Tzortziou, M.
Vahamidis, P.
Papathanassiou, E.
Karamanos, A.
TI Eclipse effects on field crops and marine zooplankton: the 29 March 2006
total solar eclipse
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES;
SCATTERING LAYER; FOREST TREES; SAP FLOW; LIGHT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS;
COPEPODS; BEHAVIOR
AB Some effects in the biosphere from the Total Solar Eclipse of 29 March 2006 were investigated in field crops and marine zooplankton. Taking into account the decisive role of light on plant life and productivity, measurements of photosynthesis and stomatal behaviour were conducted on seven important field-grown cereal and leguminous crops. A drop in photosynthetic rates, by more than a factor of 5 in some cases, was observed, and the minimum values of photosynthetic rates ranged between 3.13 and 10.13 mu mol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1). The drop in solar irradiance and the increase in mesophyll CO(2)-concentration during the eclipse did not induce stomatal closure thus not blocking CO(2) uptake by plants. Light effects on the photochemical phase of photosynthesis may be responsible for the observed depression in photosynthetic rates. Field studies addressing the migratory responses of marine zooplankton (micro-zooplankton (ciliates), and meso-zooplankton) due to the rapid changes in underwater light intensity were also performed. The light intensity attenuation was simulated with the use of accurate underwater radiative transfer modeling techniques. Ciliates, responded to the rapid decrease in light intensity during the eclipse adopting night-time behaviour. From the meso-zooplankton assemblage, various vertical migratory behaviours were adopted by different species.
C1 [Economou, G.; Kotoulas, V.; Lyra, D.; Tsakalis, N.; Vahamidis, P.; Karamanos, A.] Agr Univ Athens, Fac Plant Prod, Agron Lab, Athens 11855, Greece.
[Christou, E. D.; Giannakourou, A.; Georgopoulos, D.; Papathanassiou, E.] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Oceanog, Anavyssos 19013, Greece.
[Gerasopoulos, E.] Natl Observ Athens, Ist Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, Athens, Greece.
[Tzortziou, M.] Univ Maryland, Smithsonian Inst, SERC, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr,ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Tzortziou, M.] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Inland Waters, Anavyssos 19013, Greece.
RP Karamanos, A (reprint author), Agr Univ Athens, Fac Plant Prod, Agron Lab, 75 Iera Odos Str, Athens 11855, Greece.
EM akaram@aua.gr
NR 74
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U1 0
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 16
BP 4665
EP 4676
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 343OR
UT WOS:000258863900012
ER
PT J
AU Gary, BL
AF Gary, B. L.
TI Mesoscale temperature fluctuations in the Southern Hemisphere
stratosphere
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
AB Isentrope surfaces in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere reveal that air parcels undergo mesoscale temperature fluctuations that depend on latitude and season. The largest temperature fluctuations occur at high latitude winter, whereas the smallest fluctuations occur at high latitude summer. This is the same pattern found for the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere. However, the amplitude of the seasonal dependence in the Southern Hemisphere is only 37% of the Northern Hemisphere's seasonal amplitude.
C1 Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Gary, BL (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
EM blgary@umich.edu
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Microwave Temperature
Profiler
FX The research described in this publication was carried out by the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Specific acknowledgement is made for the contributions of R. Denning for
his instrument construction and support throughout all field uses of the
Microwave Temperature Profiler. I thank M. J. Mahoney for assuming all
MTP responsibilities after my retirement and for his encouragement to
bring this work to publication.
NR 1
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U1 0
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 16
BP 4677
EP 4681
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 343OR
UT WOS:000258863900013
ER
PT J
AU Zinner, T
Marshak, A
Lang, S
Martins, JV
Mayer, B
AF Zinner, T.
Marshak, A.
Lang, S.
Martins, J. V.
Mayer, B.
TI Remote sensing of cloud sides of deep convection: towards a
three-dimensional retrieval of cloud particle size profiles
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID WATER; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; EFFECTIVE RADIUS;
STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; SOLAR-RADIATION; CUMULUS CLOUDS; ICE CLOUDS;
MICROPHYSICS; PARAMETERIZATION; MODEL
AB The cloud scanner sensor is a central part of a recently proposed satellite remote sensing concept - the three-dimensional (3-D) cloud and aerosol interaction mission (CLAIM-3D) combining measurements of aerosol characteristics in the vicinity of clouds and profiles of cloud microphysical characteristics. Such a set of collocated measurements will allow new insights in the complex field of cloud-aerosol interactions affecting directly the development of clouds and precipitation, especially in convection. The cloud scanner measures radiance reflected or emitted by cloud sides at several wavelengths to derive a profile of cloud particle size and thermodynamic phase. For the retrieval of effective size a Bayesian approach was adopted and introduced in a preceding paper.
In this paper the potential of the approach, which has to account for the complex three-dimensional nature of cloud geometry and radiative transfer, is tested in realistic cloud observing situations. In a fully simulated environment realistic cloud resolving modelling provides complex 3-D structures of ice, water, and mixed phase clouds, from the early stage of convective development to mature deep convection. A three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer is used to realistically simulate the aspired observations.
A large number of cloud data sets and related simulated observations provide the database for an experimental Bayesian retrieval. An independent simulation of an additional cloud field serves as a synthetic test bed for the demonstration of the capabilities of the developed retrieval techniques. For this test case only a minimal overall bias in the order of 1% as well as pixel-based uncertainties in the order of 1 mu m for droplets and 8 mu m for ice particles were found for measurements at a high spatial resolution of 250 m.
C1 [Zinner, T.; Marshak, A.; Martins, J. V.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Zinner, T.; Mayer, B.] Inst Atmospher Phys, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-82230 Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany.
[Lang, S.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Lanham, MD USA.
[Lang, S.] Greenbelt & Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Martins, J. V.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Martins, J. V.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
RP Zinner, T (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA.
EM tobias.zinner@dlr.de
RI Mayer, Bernhard/B-3397-2011; Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012; Zinner,
Tobias/B-8991-2013
OI Mayer, Bernhard/0000-0002-3358-0190;
FU German Research Foundation (DFG) Fellowship; NASA; United States
Department of Energy [DE-A105-90ER61069]; Atmospheric Radiation
Measurements program (ARM)
FX The authors want to thank W.-K. Tao and X. Li for their support and
helpful discussions and M. Pfeifer for her critical review of the
manuscript. T. Zinner was funded by a German Research Foundation (DFG)
Fellowship and the NASA visiting scientists program. This work was also
supported by the United States Department of Energy (under grant
DE-A105-90ER61069 to NASA GSFC) as part of the Atmospheric Radiation
Measurements program (ARM). The contribution of three anonymous referees
to the final form of the manuscript is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 49
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PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 16
BP 4741
EP 4757
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 343OR
UT WOS:000258863900018
ER
PT J
AU Strong, K
Wolff, MA
Kerzenmacher, TE
Walker, KA
Bernath, PF
Blumenstock, T
Boone, C
Catoire, V
Coffey, M
De Maziere, M
Demoulin, P
Duchatelet, P
Dupuy, E
Hannigan, J
Hopfner, M
Glatthor, N
Griffith, DWT
Jin, JJ
Jones, N
Jucks, K
Kuellmann, H
Kuttippurath, J
Lambert, A
Mahieu, E
McConnell, JC
Mellqvist, J
Mikuteit, S
Murtagh, DP
Notholt, J
Piccolo, C
Raspollini, P
Ridolfi, M
Robert, C
Schneider, M
Schrems, O
Semeniuk, K
Senten, C
Stiller, GP
Strandberg, A
Taylor, J
Tetard, C
Toohey, M
Urban, J
Warneke, T
Wood, S
AF Strong, K.
Wolff, M. A.
Kerzenmacher, T. E.
Walker, K. A.
Bernath, P. F.
Blumenstock, T.
Boone, C.
Catoire, V.
Coffey, M.
De Maziere, M.
Demoulin, P.
Duchatelet, P.
Dupuy, E.
Hannigan, J.
Hoepfner, M.
Glatthor, N.
Griffith, D. W. T.
Jin, J. J.
Jones, N.
Jucks, K.
Kuellmann, H.
Kuttippurath, J.
Lambert, A.
Mahieu, E.
McConnell, J. C.
Mellqvist, J.
Mikuteit, S.
Murtagh, D. P.
Notholt, J.
Piccolo, C.
Raspollini, P.
Ridolfi, M.
Robert, C.
Schneider, M.
Schrems, O.
Semeniuk, K.
Senten, C.
Stiller, G. P.
Strandberg, A.
Taylor, J.
Tetard, C.
Toohey, M.
Urban, J.
Warneke, T.
Wood, S.
TI Validation of ACE-FTS N2O measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Review
ID GROUND-BASED FTIR; MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; CRYOGENIC INFRARED
SPECTROMETERS; ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH SATELLITE; VERTICAL COLUMN
ABUNDANCES; IR SOLAR SPECTRA; NITROUS-OXIDE; MESOSPHERIC SOUNDER; LOWER
STRATOSPHERE; ERROR ANALYSIS
AB The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, was launched on 12 August 2003, carrying two instruments that measure vertical profiles of atmospheric constituents using the solar occultation technique. One of these instruments, the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), is measuring volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles of nitrous oxide (N2O) from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere at a vertical resolution of about 3-4 km. In this study, the quality of the ACE-FTS version 2.2 N2O data is assessed through comparisons with coincident measurements made by other satellite, balloon-borne, aircraft, and ground-based instruments. These consist of vertical profile comparisons with the SMR, MLS, and MIPAS satellite instruments, multiple aircraft flights of ASUR, and single balloon flights of SPIRALE and FIRS-2, and partial column comparisons with a network of ground-based Fourier Transform InfraRed spectrometers (FTIRs). Between 6 and 30 km, the mean absolute differences for the satellite comparisons lie between -42 ppbv and +17 ppbv, with most within +/- 20 ppbv. This corresponds to relative deviations from the mean that are within +/- 15%, except for comparisons with MIPAS near 30 km, for which they are as large as 22.5%. Between 18 and 30 km, the mean absolute differences for the satellite comparisons are generally within +/- 10 ppbv. From 30 to 60 km, the mean absolute differences are within +/- 4 ppbv, and are mostly between -2 and +1 ppbv. Given the small N2O VMR in this region, the relative deviations from the mean are therefore large at these altitudes, with most suggesting a negative bias in the ACE-FTS data between 30 and 50 km. In the comparisons with the FTIRs, the mean relative differences between the ACE-FTS and FTIR partial columns (which cover a mean altitude range of 14 to 27 km) are within +/- 5.6% for eleven of the twelve contributing stations. This mean relative difference is negative at ten stations, suggesting a small negative bias in the ACE-FTS partial columns over the altitude regions compared. Excellent correlation (R=0.964) is observed between the ACE-FTS and FTIR partial columns, with a slope of 1.01 and an intercept of -0.20 on the line fitted to the data.
C1 [Strong, K.; Wolff, M. A.; Kerzenmacher, T. E.; Walker, K. A.; Taylor, J.; Toohey, M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Walker, K. A.; Bernath, P. F.; Boone, C.; Dupuy, E.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Blumenstock, T.; Hoepfner, M.; Glatthor, N.; Mikuteit, S.; Schneider, M.; Stiller, G. P.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Blumenstock, T.; Hoepfner, M.; Glatthor, N.; Mikuteit, S.; Schneider, M.; Stiller, G. P.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Meterol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Catoire, V.; Robert, C.] Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, Orleans, France.
[Coffey, M.; Hannigan, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[De Maziere, M.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium.
[Demoulin, P.; Duchatelet, P.; Mahieu, E.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Liege, Belgium.
[Griffith, D. W. T.; Jones, N.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
[Jin, J. J.; McConnell, J. C.; Semeniuk, K.] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada.
[Jucks, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Kuellmann, H.; Kuttippurath, J.; Warneke, T.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany.
[Lambert, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Mellqvist, J.; Murtagh, D. P.; Strandberg, A.; Urban, J.] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Piccolo, C.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England.
[Raspollini, P.] Natl Res Ctr, Inst Appl Phys Nello Carrara, Florence, Italy.
[Ridolfi, M.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim Fis & Inorgan, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
[Schrems, O.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-2850 Bremerhaven, Germany.
[Tetard, C.] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Opt Atmospher Lab, Villeneuve Dascq, France.
[Wood, S.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Lauder, New Zealand.
RP Strong, K (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
EM strong@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca
RI Barthlott, Sabine/B-1439-2013; Murtagh, Donal/F-8694-2011; Notholt,
Justus/P-4520-2016; Urban, Jo/F-9172-2010; Stiller,
Gabriele/A-7340-2013; Toohey, Matthew/G-3129-2010; Bernath,
Peter/B-6567-2012; Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Jin,
Jianjun/G-8357-2012; Glatthor, Norbert/B-2141-2013; Schneider,
Matthias/B-1441-2013; Catoire, Valery/E-9662-2015; Jones,
Nicholas/G-5575-2011; Blumenstock, Thomas/K-2263-2012; Hopfner,
Michael/A-7255-2013
OI Barthlott, Sabine/0000-0003-0258-9421; Murtagh,
Donal/0000-0003-1539-3559; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X; Mahieu,
Emmanuel/0000-0002-5251-0286; Kuttippurath,
Jayanarayanan/0000-0003-4073-8918; Urban, Jo/0000-0001-7026-793X;
Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; Toohey,
Matthew/0000-0002-7070-405X; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X;
Catoire, Valery/0000-0001-8126-3096; Jones,
Nicholas/0000-0002-0111-2368; Hopfner, Michael/0000-0002-4174-9531
FU Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council (NSERC) of Canada; Swedish National Space Board (SNSB); Centre
National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France; National Technology Agency
of Finland (Tekes); National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA); ASUR; ESA; Swedish Space Corporation; Network for the Detection
of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC); EU; Helmholtz Association;
Swedish Environmental Agency; IRF Kiruna; ProDEx; National Center for
Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation; CFCAS; ABB Bomem;
Ontario Research and Development Challenge Fund; Premier's Excellence
Research Award; University of Toronto
FX Funding for the ACE mission was provided primarily by the Canadian Space
Agency (CSA) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
(NSERC) of Canada. This work was also supported by a grant from the
CSA.r Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the
Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the CSA, the Centre National
d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France and the National Technology Agency
of Finland (Tekes).r Thanks to B. Bojkov of the Aura Validation Data
Center (AVDC) and the Aura-MLS Data Distribution Team for access to the
Aura-MLS dataset (see http://avdc.gsfc.nasa.gov). Work at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, is carried
out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA).r The IMK-IAA team thanks the European Space
Agency (ESA) for providing MIPAS level 1 and 2 datasets. We would also
like to acknowledge the following people for their work on the MIPAS
data relevant to this validation study: T. von Clarmann, U. Grabowski,
S. Kellmann, M. Kiefer, A. Linden, M. Milz, and T. Steck from IMK, and
B. Funke and M. Lopez-Puertas from IAA.r The ASUR group would like to
acknowledge help and support from H. Bremer, A. Kleinbohl and G.
Naeveke.r The SPIRALE balloon measurements could only be performed
thanks to the technical team (L. Pomathiod, B. Gaubicher, G. Jannet);
the flight was funded by ESA and the French space agency CNES for the
Envisat validation project; the CNES balloon launching team is greatly
acknowledged for successful operations. A. Hauchecorne is acknowledged
for making available the use of MIMOSA advection model and F. Coquelet
for useful help in the PV calculations and ACE data formatting.r The
FIRS-2 work was funded by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Program, and the
launch was supported both by the NASA Columbia Scientific Balloon
Facility and the Swedish Space Corporation.r All of the ground-based
FTIR stations operate within the framework of the Network for the
Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC, see
http://www.ndacc.org), and are nationally funded and supported. The
European ground-based FTIR stations have been supported partly by the EU
projects UFTIR (http://www.nilu.no/uftir), GEOMON, and HYMN. National
support by the Helmholtz Association within the project PEP is
acknowledged for Ny-Alesund and Bremen. The University of Bremen also
acknowledges financial support from the ESA project TASTE. The Harestua
measurements were also supported by the Swedish Environmental Agency.
The support by the local IRF Kiruna staff is highly appreciated. The
Belgian contributions to the present effort were partly supported by the
ProDEx projects ACE, CINAMON and Envisat Database. Thanks are extended
to the "International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations
Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat" (HFSJG, Bern, Switzerland) for hosting the
Liege FTIR laboratory and for providing accommodation for the observers
at the Jungfraujoch site. The National Center for Atmospheric Research
is supported by the National Science Foundation. The NCAR FTIR
observation program at Thule, Greenland is supported under contract by
NASA. Work at the Toronto Atmospheric Observatory was supported by
NSERC, CSA, CFCAS, ABB Bomem, the Ontario Research and Development
Challenge Fund, the Premier's Excellence Research Award and the
University of Toronto.
NR 113
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U2 12
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 16
BP 4759
EP 4786
DI 10.5194/acp-8-4759-2008
PG 28
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 343OR
UT WOS:000258863900019
ER
PT J
AU Boxe, CS
Saiz-Lopez, A
AF Boxe, C. S.
Saiz-Lopez, A.
TI Multiphase modeling of nitrate photochemistry in the quasi-liquid layer
(QLL): implications for NO(x) release from the Arctic and coastal
Antarctic snowpack
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; OZONE DEPLETION; SOUTH-POLE;
TROPOSPHERIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY; ABSORPTION CONSTANTS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE;
PHOTOLYSIS RATES; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; QUANTUM YIELDS
AB We utilize a multiphase model, CON-AIR (Condensed Phase to Air Transfer Model), to show that the photochemistry of nitrate (NO(3)(-)) in and on ice and snow surfaces, specifically the quasi-liquid layer (QLL), can account for NO(x) volume fluxes, concentrations, and [NO]/[NO(2)] (gamma=[NO]/[NO(2)]) measured just above the Arctic and coastal Antarctic snowpack. Maximum gas phase NO(x) volume fluxes, concentrations and gamma simulated for spring and summer range from 5.0x10(4) to 6.4x10(5) molecules cm(-3) s(-1), 5.7x10(8) to 4.8x10(9) molecules cm(-3), and similar to 0.8 to 2.2, respectively, which are comparable to gas phase NOx volume fluxes, concentrations and gamma measured in the field. The model incorporates the appropriate actinic solar spectrum, thereby properly weighting the different rates of photolysis of NO(3)(-) and NO(2)(-). This is important since the immediate precursor for NO, for example, NO(2)(-), absorbs at wavelengths longer than nitrate itself. Finally, one-dimensional model simulations indicate that both gas phase boundary layer NO and NO(2) exhibit a negative concentration gradient as a function of height although [NO]/[NO(2)] are approximately constant. This gradient is primarily attributed to gas phase reactions of NO(x) with halogens oxides (i.e. as BrO and IO), HO(x), and hydrocarbons, such as CH(3)O(2).
C1 [Boxe, C. S.; Saiz-Lopez, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Div Earth & Space Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Boxe, CS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Div Earth & Space Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM christopher.boxe@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso/B-3759-2015
OI Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso/0000-0002-0060-1581
FU NASA; Oak Ridge Associated Universities
FX C. S. Boxe and A. Saiz-Lopez were supported by an appointment to the
NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, administered
by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Research at the
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a
contract with NASA, was supported by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research
and Tropospheric Chemistry Programs.
NR 75
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 1
U2 22
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 16
BP 4855
EP 4864
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 343OR
UT WOS:000258863900025
ER
PT J
AU Young, LH
Benson, DR
Kameel, FR
Pierce, JR
Junninen, H
Kulmala, M
Lee, SH
AF Young, L. H.
Benson, D. R.
Kameel, F. R.
Pierce, J. R.
Junninen, H.
Kulmala, M.
Lee, S. -H.
TI Laboratory studies of H2SO4/H2O binary homogeneous nucleation from the
SO2+OH reaction: evaluation of the experimental setup and preliminary
results
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SULFURIC-ACID-WATER; PARTICLE FORMATION; ATMOSPHERIC NUCLEATION; TERNARY
NUCLEATION; GROWTH-RATES; VAPOR; MECHANISMS; MIXTURES; SYSTEMS; NH3
AB Binary homogeneous nucleation (BHN) of sulphuric acid and water (H2SO4/H2O) is one of the most important atmospheric nucleation processes, but laboratory observations of this nucleation process are very limited and there are also large discrepancies between different laboratory studies. The difficulties associated with these experiments include wall loss of H2SO4 and uncertainties in estimation of H2SO4 concentration ([H2SO4]) involved in nucleation. We have developed a new laboratory nucleation setup to study H2SO4/H2O BHN kinetics and provide relatively constrained [H2SO4] needed for nucleation. H2SO4 is produced from the SO2 + OH -> HSO3 reaction and OH radicals are produced from water vapor UV absorption. The residual [H2SO4] were measured at the end of the nucleation reactor with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). Wall loss factors (WLFs) of H2SO4 were estimated by assuming that wall loss is diffusion limited and these calculated WLFs were in good agreement with simultaneous measurements of the initial and residual [H2SO4] with two CIMSs. The nucleation zone was estimated from numerical simulations based on the measured aerosol sizes (particle diameter, D-p) and [H2SO4]. The measured BHN rates (J) ranged from 0.01-220 cm(-3) s(-1) at the initial and residual [ H2SO4] from 10(8)-10(10) cm(-3), a temperature of 288 K and relative humidity (RH) from 11-23%; J increased with increasing [ H2SO4] and RH. J also showed a power dependence on [H2SO4] with the exponential power of 3-8. These power dependences are consistent with other laboratory studies under similar [H2SO4] and RH, but different from atmospheric field observations which showed that particle number concentrations are often linearly dependent on [H2SO4]. These results, together with a higher [H2SO4] threshold (10(8)-10(9) cm(-3)) needed to produce the unit J measured from the laboratory studies compared to the atmospheric conditions (10(6)-10(7) cm(-3)), imply that H2SO4/H2O BHN alone is insufficient to explain atmospheric aerosol formation and growth. Particle growth rates estimated from the measured aerosol size distributions, residence times (t(r)), and [H2SO4] were 100-500 nm h(-1), much higher than those seen from atmospheric field observations, because of the higher [H2SO4] used in our study.
C1 [Young, L. H.; Benson, D. R.; Kameel, F. R.; Lee, S. -H.] Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA.
[Pierce, J. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Junninen, H.; Kulmala, M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Helsinki, Finland.
RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA.
EM slee19@kent.edu
RI Pierce, Jeffrey/E-4681-2013; Junninen, Heikki/C-2157-2014; Lee,
Shan-Hu/F-9913-2014; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016;
OI Pierce, Jeffrey/0000-0002-4241-838X; Junninen,
Heikki/0000-0001-7178-9430; Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; Young,
Li-Hao/0000-0002-3328-8181
FU NSF CAREER Award [ATM-0645567]
FX This study was supported by the NSF CAREER Award (ATM-0645567). We thank
Greg Huey and Dave Tanner for the CIMS construction and technical
support, Chris Cantrell and Dave Tanner for providing information on
designing the OH water vapor UV absorption cell, Jim Gleeson for the
help on OH measurements, and Barbara Wyslouzil, Peter Adams, Neil
Donahue, Fred Eisele, Kari Lehitnen, and Peter McMurry for useful
discussions.
NR 49
TC 55
Z9 55
U1 6
U2 32
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 16
BP 4997
EP 5016
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 343OR
UT WOS:000258863900035
ER
PT J
AU Liu, Z
Liu, D
Huang, J
Vaughan, M
Uno, I
Sugimoto, N
Kittaka, C
Trepte, C
Wang, Z
Hostetler, C
Winker, D
AF Liu, Z.
Liu, D.
Huang, J.
Vaughan, M.
Uno, I.
Sugimoto, N.
Kittaka, C.
Trepte, C.
Wang, Z.
Hostetler, C.
Winker, D.
TI Airborne dust distributions over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding
areas derived from the first year of CALIPSO lidar observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ASIAN DUST; APRIL 1998; AEROSOL PROPERTIES; THAR DESERT; ACE-ASIA;
CLIMATE; STORMS; CHINA; GEOCHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT
AB Using an analysis of the first full year of CALIPSO lidar measurements, this paper derives unprecedented, altitude-resolved seasonal distributions of desert dust transported over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the surrounding areas. The CALIPSO lidar observations include numerous large dust plumes over the northern slope and eastern part of the TP, with the largest number of dust events occurring in the spring of 2007, and some layers being lofted to altitudes of 11-12 km. Generation of the Tibetan airborne dusts appears to be largely associated with source regions to the north and on the eastern part of the plateau. Examination of the CALIPSO time history reveals an "airborne dust corridor" due to the eastward transport of dusts originating primarily in these source areas. This corridor extends from west to east and shows a seasonality largely modulated by the TP through its dynamical and thermal forcing on the atmospheric flows. On the southern side, desert dust particles originate predominately in Northwest India and Pakistan. The dust transport occurs primarily in dry seasons around the TP western and southern slopes and dust particles become mixed with local polluted aerosols. No significant amount of dust appears to be transported over the Himalayas. Extensive forward trajectory simulations are also conducted to confirm the dust transport pattern from the nearby sources observed by the CALIPSO lidar. Comparisons with the OMI and MODIS measurements show the unique capability of the CALIPSO lidar to provide unambiguous, altitude-resolved dust measurements.
C1 [Liu, Z.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Liu, D.; Wang, Z.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Huang, J.] Lanzhou Univ, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China.
[Vaughan, M.; Hostetler, C.; Winker, D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Uno, I.] Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan.
[Sugimoto, N.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Kittaka, C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Liu, Z (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
EM zhaoyan.liu-1@nasa.gov
RI Liu, Zhaoyan/A-9604-2009; Liu, Zhaoyan/B-1783-2010; Uno,
Itsushi/B-5952-2011; Wang, Zhien/F-4857-2011; Sugimoto,
Nobuo/C-5189-2015; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015
OI Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738; Sugimoto, Nobuo/0000-0002-0545-1316;
NR 44
TC 113
Z9 127
U1 7
U2 29
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 16
BP 5045
EP 5060
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 343OR
UT WOS:000258863900038
ER
PT J
AU Frankenberg, C
Warneke, T
Butz, A
Aben, I
Hase, F
Spietz, P
Brown, LR
AF Frankenberg, C.
Warneke, T.
Butz, A.
Aben, I.
Hase, F.
Spietz, P.
Brown, L. R.
TI Pressure broadening in the 2 nu(3) band of methane and its implication
on atmospheric retrievals
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NU(3) BAND; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; LINE PARAMETERS;
CO2 RETRIEVAL; HALF-WIDTHS; 2V(3) BAND; Q-BRANCH; (CH4)-C-12; CH4
AB N-2-broadened half widths and pressure shifts were obtained for transitions in the 2v(3) methane band. Laboratory measurements recorded at 0.011 cm(-1) resolution with a Bruker 120 HR Fouriertransform spectrometer were analysed from 5860 to 6185 cm(-1). A 140 cm gas cell was filled with methane at room temperature and N-2 as foreign gas at pressures ranging from 125 to 900hPa. A multispectrum nonlinear constrained least squares approach based on Optimal Estimation was applied to derive the spectroscopic parameters by simultaneously fitting laboratory spectra at different ambient pressures assuming a Voigt line-shape. At room temperature. the half widths ranged between 0.030 and 0.071 cm(-1) atm(-1), and the pressure shifts varied from -0.002 to -0.025 cm(-1) atm(-1) for transitions up to J '' = 10. Especially for higher rotational levels. we find systematically narrrow lines than HITRAN predicts. The Q and R branch of the new set of spectroscopic parameters is further tested with ground based direct sun Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements where systematic fit residuals reduce by about a factor of 3-4. We report the implication of those differences on atmospheric methane measurements using, high-resolution ground based FTIR measurements as well as low-resolution spectra from the SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) instrument onboard ENVISAT. We find that for SCIAMACHY, a latitudinal and seasonally varying bias of about 1% can be introduced by erroneous broadening parameters.
C1 [Frankenberg, C.; Butz, A.; Aben, I.] Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Warneke, T.; Spietz, P.] Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
[Hase, F.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Brown, L. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Frankenberg, C (reprint author), Netherlands Inst Space Res, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands.
EM c.frankenberg@sron.nl
RI Butz, Andre/A-7024-2013; Hase, Frank/A-7497-2013; Frankenberg,
Christian/A-2944-2013
OI Butz, Andre/0000-0003-0593-1608; Frankenberg,
Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857
NR 31
TC 68
Z9 69
U1 1
U2 12
PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS
PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU
PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 17
BP 5061
EP 5075
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 348PC
UT WOS:000259221400001
ER
PT J
AU Thompson, AM
Yorks, JE
Miller, SK
Witte, JC
Dougherty, KM
Morris, GA
Baumgardner, D
Ladino, L
Rappengluck, B
AF Thompson, A. M.
Yorks, J. E.
Miller, S. K.
Witte, J. C.
Dougherty, K. M.
Morris, G. A.
Baumgardner, D.
Ladino, L.
Rappengluck, B.
TI Tropospheric ozone sources and wave activity over Mexico City and
Houston during MILAGRO/Intercontinental Transport Experiment (INTEX-B)
Ozonesonde Network Study, 2006 (IONS-06)
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SEASONAL EVOLUTION; INDUCED LAMINAE
AB During the INTEX-B (Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment)/ MILAGRO (Megacities Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations) experiments in March 2006 and the associated IONS-06 (INTEX Ozonesonde Network Study: http://croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/intexb/ions06.html), regular ozonesonde launches were made over 15 North American sites. The soundings were strategically positioned to study inter-regional flows and meteorological interactions with a mixture of tropospheric O-3 sources: local pollution;, O-3 associated with convection and lightning; stratosphere-troposphere exchange. The variability of tropospheric O-3 over the Mexico City Basin (MCB; 19 degrees N, 99 degrees W) and Houston (30 degrees N, 95 degrees W) is reported here. MCB and Houston profiles displayed a double tropopause in most soundings and a subtropical tropopause layer with frequent wave disturbances, identified through O-3 laminae as gravity-wave induced. Ozonesondes launched over both cities in August and September 2006 (IONS-06, Phase 3) displayed a thicker tropospheric column O-3 (similar to 7 DU or 15-20%) than in March 2006; nearly all of the increase was in the free troposphere. In spring and summer, O-3 laminar structure manifested mixed influences from the stratosphere, convective redistribution of O-3 and precursors, and O-3 from lightning NO. Stratospheric O-3 origins were present in 39% (MCB) and 60% (Houston) of the summer sondes. Comparison of summer 2006 O-3 structure with summer 2004 sondes (IONS-04) over Houston showed 7% less tropospheric O-3 in 2006. This may reflect a sampling contrast. August to mid-September 2006 instead of July-mid August 2004.
C1 [Thompson, A. M.; Yorks, J. E.; Miller, S. K.; Dougherty, K. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Witte, J. C.] SSAI Lanham, Lanham, MD USA.
[Morris, G. A.] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA.
[Baumgardner, D.; Ladino, L.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, CCA, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
[Rappengluck, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX USA.
[Witte, J. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Thompson, AM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM anne@meteo.psu.edu
RI Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014
OI Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920
FU NASA's INTEX
FX We are grateful to the MILAGRO project. especially to L. T. Molina, the
site coordinators A. lizalde and J.-C. Arredondo at Tecamac (March 2006)
and to M. de la Mora Grutter and G. Raga at UNAM (August-September
2006). Special thanks to colleagues at Tecmac: J. C. Doran, W. Shaw
(DOE/PNL), T Martin and R. Coulter (DOE/ANL). J. Fuentes (Univ
Virginia), J. 1). Fast (DOE/PNL), S. J. Oltmans (NOAA/GMD) and K. E.
Pickering (NASA/GSFC) offered helpful comments on the manuscript. IONS
was supported by NASA's INTEX project within the Tropospheric Chemistry
Program (B. G. Doddridge and J. H. Crawford). with supplements at Texas
from TCEQ. Thanks to J. Lclieveld (Max-Planck Institute for Air
Chemistry, Mainz) and J. E. Johnson (JISAO at NOAA/Pacific Marine
Environmental Lab) for the R/V R H Brown ozonesondes, All IONS-06
ozonesonde-radiosonde data and images reside at the AVDC
http://avdc.gsfc.nasa.gov or INTEX archive: http://cloud1.arc.nasa.gov.
NR 36
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 1
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 17
BP 5113
EP 5125
DI 10.5194/acp-8-5113-2008
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 348PC
UT WOS:000259221400004
ER
PT J
AU Shindell, DT
Chin, M
Dentener, F
Doherty, RM
Faluvegi, G
Fiore, AM
Hess, P
Koch, DM
MacKenzie, IA
Sanderson, MG
Schultz, MG
Schulz, M
Stevenson, DS
Teich, H
Textor, C
Wild, O
Bergmann, DJ
Bey, I
Bian, H
Cuvelier, C
Duncan, BN
Folberth, G
Horowitz, LW
Jonson, J
Kaminski, JW
Marmer, E
Park, R
Pringle, KJ
Schroeder, S
Szopa, S
Takemura, T
Zeng, G
Keating, TJ
Zuber, A
AF Shindell, D. T.
Chin, M.
Dentener, F.
Doherty, R. M.
Faluvegi, G.
Fiore, A. M.
Hess, P.
Koch, D. M.
MacKenzie, I. A.
Sanderson, M. G.
Schultz, M. G.
Schulz, M.
Stevenson, D. S.
Teich, H.
Textor, C.
Wild, O.
Bergmann, D. J.
Bey, I.
Bian, H.
Cuvelier, C.
Duncan, B. N.
Folberth, G.
Horowitz, L. W.
Jonson, J.
Kaminski, J. W.
Marmer, E.
Park, R.
Pringle, K. J.
Schroeder, S.
Szopa, S.
Takemura, T.
Zeng, G.
Keating, T. J.
Zuber, A.
TI A multi-model assessment of pollution transport to the Arctic
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR-POLLUTION; AEROSOL; SNOW; TROPOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; AEROCOM; OZONE;
MODEL
AB We examine the response of Arctic gas and aerosol concentrations to perturbations in pollutant emissions from Europe. East and South Asia, and North America using results from a coordinated model intercomparison. These sensitivities to regional emissions (mixing ratio change per unit emission) vary widely across models and species. Intermodel differences are systematic, however, so that the relative importance of different regions is robust. North America contributes the most to Arctic ozone pollution. For aerosols and CO, European emissions dominate at the Arctic surface but East Asian emissions become progressively more important with altitude, and arc dominant in the upper troposphere. Sensitivities show strong seasonality: surface sensitivities typically maximize during boreal winter for European and during spring for East Asian and North American emissions. Mid-tropospheric sensitivities, however, nearly always maximize during spring or summer for all regions. Deposition of black carbon (BC) onto Greenland is most sensitive to North American emissions. North America and Europe each contribute similar to 40% of total BC deposition to Greenland, with similar to 20% from East Asia. Elsewhere in the Arctic, both sensitivity and total BC deposition are dominated by European emissions. Model diversity for aerosols is especially large, resulting primarily from differences in aerosol physical and chemical processing, (including removal). Comparison of modeled aerosol concentrations with observations indicates problems in the models, and perhaps, interpretation of the measurements. For gas phase pollutants such as CO and O-3, which are relatively well-simulated, the processes contributing most to uncertainties depend on the source region and altitude examined. Uncertainties in the Arctic surface CO response to emissions perturbations are dominated by emissions for East Asian sources, while uncertainties in transport, emissions. and oxidation are comparable for European and North American sources. At higher levels. model-to-model variations in transport and oxidation are most important. Differences in photochemistry appear to play the largest role in the intermodel variations in Arctic ozone sensitivity, though transport also contributes substantially in the mid-troposphere.
C1 [Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.; Koch, D. M.; Teich, H.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.; Koch, D. M.; Teich, H.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Chin, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Dentener, F.; Cuvelier, C.; Marmer, E.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy.
[Doherty, R. M.; MacKenzie, I. A.; Stevenson, D. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Fiore, A. M.; Horowitz, L. W.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Hess, P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Sanderson, M. G.; Pringle, K. J.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Schultz, M. G.; Schroeder, S.] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG 2, Julich, Germany.
[Schulz, M.; Textor, C.; Szopa, S.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England.
[Bergmann, D. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA.
[Bey, I.; Folberth, G.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Modelisat Chim Atmospher, Lausanne, Switzerland.
[Bian, H.; Duncan, B. N.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Jonson, J.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway.
[Kaminski, J. W.] York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
[Park, R.] Harvard Univ, Atmospher Chem Modeling Grp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Park, R.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea.
[Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan.
[Zeng, G.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England.
[Keating, T. J.] US EPA, Off Policy Anal & Review, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
[Zuber, A.] Commiss European Communities, Environm Directorate Gen, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium.
RP Shindell, DT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM dshindell@giss.nasa.gov
RI Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Schulz,
Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Schultz,
Martin/I-9512-2012; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Duncan,
Bryan/A-5962-2011; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Chin,
Mian/J-8354-2012; Pringle, Kirsty /A-4697-2013; mackenzie,
ian/E-9320-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009;
Folberth, Gerd/F-7376-2010; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Bergmann,
Daniel/F-9801-2011; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Kyushu,
RIAM/F-4018-2015
OI Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796;
Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Schultz,
Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Folberth, Gerd/0000-0002-1075-440X;
Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Horowitz,
Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Szopa,
Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301;
Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673;
FU UK Defra [AQ0409]; Joint Defra and MoD [GA01 101, CBC/2B/0417]; Task
Force - Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution
FX We thank the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program
for support, and D. Henze for comments. MGS and KJP were funded by the
UK Defra under contract AQ0409, and were also supported by the Joint
Defra and MoD programme, (Defra) GA01 101 (MoD) CBC/2B/0417-Annex C5.
This work was perfomed under the umbrella of the Task Force -
Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (www.htap.org).
NR 31
TC 180
Z9 184
U1 4
U2 41
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 17
BP 5353
EP 5372
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 348PC
UT WOS:000259221400019
ER
PT J
AU Kerzenmacher, T
Wolff, MA
Strong, K
Dupuy, E
Walker, KA
Amekudzi, LK
Batchelor, RL
Bernath, PF
Berthet, G
Blumenstock, T
Boone, CD
Bramstedt, K
Brogniez, C
Brohede, S
Burrows, JP
Catoire, V
Dodion, J
Drummond, JR
Dufour, DG
Funke, B
Fussen, D
Goutail, F
Griffith, DWT
Haley, CS
Hendrick, F
Hopfner, M
Huret, N
Jones, N
Kar, J
Kramer, I
Llewellyn, EJ
Lopez-Puertas, M
Manney, G
McElroy, CT
McLinden, CA
Melo, S
Mikuteit, S
Murtagh, D
Nichitiu, F
Notholt, J
Nowlan, C
Piccolo, C
Pommereau, JP
Randall, C
Raspollini, P
Ridolfi, M
Richter, A
Schneider, M
Schrems, O
Silicani, M
Stiller, GP
Taylor, J
Tetard, C
Toohey, M
Vanhellemont, F
Warneke, T
Zawodny, JM
Zou, J
AF Kerzenmacher, T.
Wolff, M. A.
Strong, K.
Dupuy, E.
Walker, K. A.
Amekudzi, L. K.
Batchelor, R. L.
Bernath, P. F.
Berthet, G.
Blumenstock, T.
Boone, C. D.
Bramstedt, K.
Brogniez, C.
Brohede, S.
Burrows, J. P.
Catoire, V.
Dodion, J.
Drummond, J. R.
Dufour, D. G.
Funke, B.
Fussen, D.
Goutail, F.
Griffith, D. W. T.
Haley, C. S.
Hendrick, F.
Hoepfner, M.
Huret, N.
Jones, N.
Kar, J.
Kramer, I.
Llewellyn, E. J.
Lopez-Puertas, M.
Manney, G.
McElroy, C. T.
McLinden, C. A.
Melo, S.
Mikuteit, S.
Murtagh, D.
Nichitiu, F.
Notholt, J.
Nowlan, C.
Piccolo, C.
Pommereau, J. -P.
Randall, C.
Raspollini, P.
Ridolfi, M.
Richter, A.
Schneider, M.
Schrems, O.
Silicani, M.
Stiller, G. P.
Taylor, J.
Tetard, C.
Toohey, M.
Vanhellemont, F.
Warneke, T.
Zawodny, J. M.
Zou, J.
TI Validation of NO2 and NO from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Review
ID GROUND-BASED FTIR; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; STRATOSPHERIC
NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER
MODEL; UV-VISIBLE MEASUREMENTS; SOLAR-OCCULTATION;
VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS
AB Vertical profiles of NO2 and NO have been obtained from solar occultation measurements by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), using an infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and (for NO2) an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrometer, MAESTRO (Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation). In this paper, the quality of the ACE-FTS version 2.2 NO2 and NO and the MAESTRO version 1.2 NO2 data are assessed using other solar occultation measurements (HALOE, SAGE II, SAGE III, POAM III, SCIAMACHY), stellar occultation measurements (GOMOS), limb measurements (MIPAS, OSIRIS), nadir measurements (SCIAMACHY), balloon-borne measurements (SPIRALE, SAOZ) and ground-based measurements (UV-VIS, FTIR). Time differences between the comparison measurements were reduced using either a tight coincidence criterion, or where possible, chemical box models. ACE-FTS NO2 and NO and the MAESTRO NO2 are generally consistent with the correlative data. The ACE-FTS and MAESTRO NO2 volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles agree with the profiles from other satellite data sets to within about 20% between 25 and 40 km, with the exception of MIPAS ESA (for ACE-FTS) and SAGE II (for ACE-FTS (sunrise) and MAESTRO) and suggest a negative bias between 23 and 40 km of about 10%. MAESTRO reports larger VMR values than the ACE-FTS. In comparisons with HALOE, ACE-FTS NO VMRs typically (on average) agree to +/- 8% from 22 to 64 km and to +10% from 93 to 105 km, with maxima of 21% and 36%, respectively. Partial column comparisons for NO2 show that there is quite good agreement between the ACE instruments and the FTIRs, with a mean difference of +7.3% for ACE-FTS and +12.8% for MAESTRO.
C1 [Kerzenmacher, T.; Wolff, M. A.; Strong, K.; Walker, K. A.; Batchelor, R. L.; Drummond, J. R.; Kar, J.; McElroy, C. T.; Nichitiu, F.; Nowlan, C.; Taylor, J.; Toohey, M.; Zou, J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Dupuy, E.; Walker, K. A.; Boone, C. D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Amekudzi, L. K.; Bramstedt, K.; Burrows, J. P.; Notholt, J.; Richter, A.; Warneke, T.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Inst Remote Sensing, Bremen, Germany.
[Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Bernath, P. F.; Catoire, V.; Huret, N.] Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, Orleans, France.
[Blumenstock, T.; Hoepfner, M.; Kramer, I.; Mikuteit, S.; Schneider, M.; Stiller, G. P.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Blumenstock, T.; Hoepfner, M.; Kramer, I.; Mikuteit, S.; Schneider, M.; Stiller, G. P.] Univ Karlsruhe, IMK, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Brogniez, C.; Tetard, C.] Univ Sci & Tech Lille Flandres Artois, Opt Atmospher Lab, Villeneuve Dascq, France.
[Brohede, S.; Murtagh, D.] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Dodion, J.; Fussen, D.; Hendrick, F.; Vanhellemont, F.] Inst Aeron Spatiale Belgique, BIRA, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
[Drummond, J. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.
[Dufour, D. G.] Picomole Instruments Inc, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
[Funke, B.; Lopez-Puertas, M.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain.
[Goutail, F.; Pommereau, J. -P.] CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France.
[Griffith, D. W. T.; Jones, N.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
[Haley, C. S.] York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada.
[Llewellyn, E. J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada.
[Manney, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Manney, G.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
[McElroy, C. T.; McLinden, C. A.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada.
[Melo, S.; Silicani, M.] Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ, Canada.
[Piccolo, C.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England.
[Randall, C.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Randall, C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Raspollini, P.] CNR, Ist Fis Applicata Nello Carrara IFAC, Florence, Italy.
[Ridolfi, M.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim Fis & Inorgan, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
[Schrems, O.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-2850 Bremerhaven, Germany.
[Zawodny, J. M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Kerzenmacher, T (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
EM tobias@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca
RI Jones, Nicholas/G-5575-2011; Barthlott, Sabine/B-1439-2013; Murtagh,
Donal/F-8694-2011; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014; Notholt,
Justus/P-4520-2016; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014; Toohey,
Matthew/G-3129-2010; McLinden, Chris/A-7710-2010; Bernath,
Peter/B-6567-2012; Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Richter,
Andreas/C-4971-2008; Blumenstock, Thomas/K-2263-2012; Hopfner,
Michael/A-7255-2013; Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013; Schneider,
Matthias/B-1441-2013; Lopez Puertas, Manuel/M-8219-2013; Funke,
Bernd/C-2162-2008; Drummond, James/O-7467-2014; Catoire,
Valery/E-9662-2015
OI Jones, Nicholas/0000-0002-0111-2368; Barthlott,
Sabine/0000-0003-0258-9421; Murtagh, Donal/0000-0003-1539-3559; Randall,
Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X; Burrows,
John/0000-0002-6821-5580; Toohey, Matthew/0000-0002-7070-405X; McLinden,
Chris/0000-0001-5054-1380; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Richter,
Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Hopfner, Michael/0000-0002-4174-9531;
Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; Lopez Puertas,
Manuel/0000-0003-2941-7734; Funke, Bernd/0000-0003-0462-4702; Catoire,
Valery/0000-0001-8126-3096
NR 129
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 17
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 19
BP 5801
EP 5841
PG 41
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 367NH
UT WOS:000260558200005
ER
PT J
AU Bauer, SE
Wright, DL
Koch, D
Lewis, ER
McGraw, R
Chang, LS
Schwartz, SE
Ruedy, R
AF Bauer, S. E.
Wright, D. L.
Koch, D.
Lewis, E. R.
McGraw, R.
Chang, L. -S.
Schwartz, S. E.
Ruedy, R.
TI MATRIX (Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state): an aerosol
microphysical module for global atmospheric models
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR-QUALITY MODELS; SULFURIC-ACID; NUMERICAL ADVECTION; SIZE
DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEATION RATES; PARTICLE; PARAMETERIZATION; CLIMATE;
SIMULATION; EMISSIONS
AB A new aerosol microphysical module MATRIX, the Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state, and its application in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) climate model (ModelE) are described. This module, which is based on the quadrature method of moments (QMOM), represents nucleation, condensation, coagulation, internal and external mixing, and cloud-drop activation and provides aerosol particle mass and number concentration and particle size information for up to 16 mixed-mode aerosol populations. Internal and external mixing among aerosol components sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, carbonaceous aerosols, dust and sea-salt particles are represented. The solubility of each aerosol population, which is explicitly calculated based on its soluble and insoluble components, enables calculation of the dependence of cloud drop activation on the microphysical characterization of multiple soluble aerosol populations.
A detailed model description and results of box-model simulations of various aerosol population configurations are presented. The box model experiments demonstrate the dependence of cloud activating aerosol number concentration on the aerosol population configuration; comparisons to sectional models are quite favorable. MATRIX is incorporated into the GISS climate model and simulations are carried out primarily to assess its performance/efficiency for global-scale atmospheric model application. Simulation results were compared with aircraft and station measurements of aerosol mass and number concentration and particle size to assess the ability of the new method to yield data suitable for such comparison. The model accurately captures the observed size distributions in the Aitken and accumulation modes up to particle diameter 1 mu m, in which sulfate, nitrate, black and organic carbon are predominantly located; however the model underestimates coarse-mode number concentration and size, especially in the marine environment. This is more likely due to oversimplifications of the representation of sea salt emissions - sea salt emissions are only calculated for two size classes - than to inherent limitations of MATRIX.
C1 [Bauer, S. E.; Koch, D.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Bauer, S. E.; Koch, D.; Ruedy, R.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA.
[Wright, D. L.; Lewis, E. R.; McGraw, R.; Chang, L. -S.; Schwartz, S. E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Ruedy, R.] SSP, New York, NY USA.
RP Bauer, SE (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM sbauer@giss.nasa.gov
RI Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014
OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X;
FU NASA MAP program Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Climate Variability
and Change [NN-H-04-Z-YS-008-N]; U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric
Science Program [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX This work has been supported by the NASA MAP program Modeling, Analysis
and Prediction Climate Variability and Change (NN-H-04-Z-YS-008-N). Work
at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported in part by the U.S.
Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program (Office of Science,
OBER) under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Observational data were
obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data
Center, the EMEP, IMPROVE and GAW network. We thank Joshua Schwarz for
providing the aircraft measured black carbon data sets and his helpful
discussions.
NR 70
TC 75
Z9 75
U1 1
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 20
BP 6003
EP 6035
PG 33
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 367NK
UT WOS:000260558500003
ER
PT J
AU Read, WG
Schwartz, MJ
Lambert, A
Su, H
Livesey, NJ
Daffer, WH
Boone, CD
AF Read, W. G.
Schwartz, M. J.
Lambert, A.
Su, H.
Livesey, N. J.
Daffer, W. H.
Boone, C. D.
TI The roles of convection, extratropical mixing, and in-situ freeze-drying
in the Tropical Tropopause Layer
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE;
DEHYDRATION; TRANSPORT; CIRRUS; MODEL; CIRCULATION; CLOUDS; LIMB
AB Mechanisms for transporting and dehydrating air across the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) are investigated with a conceptual two dimensional (2-D) model. The 2-D TTL model combines the Holton and Gettelman cold trap dehydration mechanism (Holton and Gettelman, 2001) with the two column convection model of Folkins and Martin (2005). We investigate 3 possible transport scenarios through the TTL: 1) slow uniform ascent across the level of zero radiative heating without direct convective mixing, 2) convective mixing of H2O vapor at 100% relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) with no ice retention, and 3) convective mixing of extremely subsaturated air (100% RHi following the moist adiabatic temperature above the level of neutral buoyancy) with sufficient ice retention such that total H2O is 100%RHi. The three mechanisms produce similar seasonal cycles for H2O that are in good quantitative agreement with the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measurements. We use Aura MLS measurement of CO and Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier Transform Spectrometer measurement of HDO to distinguish among the transport mechanisms. Model comparisons with the observations support the view that H2O is predominantly controlled by regions having the lowest cold point tropopause temperature but the trace species CO and HDO support the convective mixing of dry air and lofted ice. The model provides some insight into the processes affecting the long term trends observed in stratospheric H2O.
C1 [Read, W. G.; Schwartz, M. J.; Lambert, A.; Su, H.; Livesey, N. J.; Daffer, W. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Boone, C. D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
RP Read, WG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
EM bill@mls.jpl.nasa.gov
RI Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016
OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094
FU Canadian Space Agency (CSA)
FX The authors thank Steven Sherwood, Andy Dessler, Karen Rosenlof, Stefan
Fueglistaler, and 4 anonymous referees for helpful comments and
suggestions. The research described here done at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was under contract with
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank the Canadian
Space Agency (CSA) for funding the ACE mission and supplying the HDO
data.
NR 80
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 20
BP 6051
EP 6067
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 367NK
UT WOS:000260558500005
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, L
Jacob, DJ
Boersma, KF
Jaffe, DA
Olson, JR
Bowman, KW
Worden, JR
Thompson, AM
Avery, MA
Cohen, RC
Dibb, JE
Flock, FM
Fuelberg, HE
Huey, LG
McMillan, WW
Singh, HB
Weinheimer, AJ
AF Zhang, L.
Jacob, D. J.
Boersma, K. F.
Jaffe, D. A.
Olson, J. R.
Bowman, K. W.
Worden, J. R.
Thompson, A. M.
Avery, M. A.
Cohen, R. C.
Dibb, J. E.
Flock, F. M.
Fuelberg, H. E.
Huey, L. G.
McMillan, W. W.
Singh, H. B.
Weinheimer, A. J.
TI Transpacific transport of ozone pollution and the effect of recent Asian
emission increases on air quality in North America: an integrated
analysis using satellite, aircraft, ozonesonde, and surface observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE;
CARBON-MONOXIDE; INTEX-B; INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; NORTHEASTERN
PACIFIC; GLOBAL SIMULATION; BACKGROUND OZONE; NOX EMISSIONS
AB We use an ensemble of aircraft, satellite, sonde, and surface observations for April-May 2006 (NASA/INTEX-B aircraft campaign) to better understand the mechanisms for transpacific ozone pollution and its implications for North American air quality. The observations are interpreted with a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). OMI NO2 satellite observations constrain Asian anthropogenic NOx emissions and indicate a factor of 2 increase from 2000 to 2006 in China. Satellite observations of CO from AIRS and TES indicate two major events of Asian transpacific pollution during INTEX-B. Correlation between TES CO and ozone observations shows evidence for transpacific ozone pollution. The semi-permanent Pacific High and Aleutian Low cause splitting of transpacific pollution plumes over the Northeast Pacific. The northern branch circulates around the Aleutian Low and has little impact on North America. The southern branch circulates around the Pacific High and some of that air impacts western North America. Both aircraft measurements and model results show sustained ozone production driven by peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) decomposition in the southern branch, roughly doubling the transpacific influence from ozone produced in the Asian boundary layer. Model simulation of ozone observations at Mt. Bachelor Observatory in Oregon (2.7 km altitude) indicates a mean Asian ozone pollution contribution of 9 +/- 3 ppbv to the mean observed concentration of 54 ppbv, reflecting mostly an enhancement in background ozone rather than episodic Asian plumes. Asian pollution enhanced surface ozone concentrations by 5-7 ppbv over western North America in spring 2006. The 2000-2006 rise in Asian anthropogenic emissions increased this influence by 1-2 ppbv.
C1 [Zhang, L.; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Jacob, D. J.; Boersma, K. F.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Jaffe, D. A.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA 98021 USA.
[Olson, J. R.; Avery, M. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Bowman, K. W.; Worden, J. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Flock, F. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Fuelberg, H. E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Huey, L. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[McMillan, W. W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Singh, H. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Weinheimer, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM linzhang@fas.harvard.edu
RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Zhang, Lin/A-6729-2008; Boersma,
Klaas/H-4559-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Zhang,
Lin/H-9801-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014
OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Zhang, Lin/0000-0003-2383-8431;
Boersma, Klaas/0000-0002-4591-7635; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920
FU NASA Global Tropospheric Chemistry Program; NASA Headquarters
[NNX07AN65H]
FX This work was funded by the NASA Global Tropospheric Chemistry Program
and by NASA Headquarters under the Earth and Space Science Fellowship
Program Grant NNX07AN65H to Lin Zhang.
NR 95
TC 161
Z9 163
U1 6
U2 47
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 20
BP 6117
EP 6136
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 367NK
UT WOS:000260558500009
ER
PT J
AU Mahieu, E
Duchatelet, P
Demoulin, P
Walker, KA
Dupuy, E
Froidevaux, L
Randall, C
Catoire, V
Strong, K
Boone, CD
Bernath, PF
Blavier, JF
Blumenstock, T
Coffey, M
De Maziere, M
Griffith, D
Hannigan, J
Hase, F
Jones, N
Jucks, KW
Kagawa, A
Kasai, Y
Mebarki, Y
Mikuteit, S
Nassar, R
Notholt, J
Rinsland, CP
Robert, C
Schrems, O
Senten, C
Smale, D
Taylor, J
Tetard, C
Toon, GC
Warneke, T
Wood, SW
Zander, R
Servais, C
AF Mahieu, E.
Duchatelet, P.
Demoulin, P.
Walker, K. A.
Dupuy, E.
Froidevaux, L.
Randall, C.
Catoire, V.
Strong, K.
Boone, C. D.
Bernath, P. F.
Blavier, J. -F.
Blumenstock, T.
Coffey, M.
De Maziere, M.
Griffith, D.
Hannigan, J.
Hase, F.
Jones, N.
Jucks, K. W.
Kagawa, A.
Kasai, Y.
Mebarki, Y.
Mikuteit, S.
Nassar, R.
Notholt, J.
Rinsland, C. P.
Robert, C.
Schrems, O.
Senten, C.
Smale, D.
Taylor, J.
Tetard, C.
Toon, G. C.
Warneke, T.
Wood, S. W.
Zander, R.
Servais, C.
TI Validation of ACE-FTS v2.2 measurements of HCl, HF, CCl3F and CCl2F2
using space-, balloon- and ground-based instrument observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS;
ATMOSPHERIC TRACE GASES; IN-SITU SURFACE; FTIR MEASUREMENTS;
STRATOSPHERIC CHLORINE; ATMOS INSTRUMENT; AURA SATELLITE; ERROR
ANALYSIS; UARS PLATFORM
AB Hydrogen chloride (HCl) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) are respectively the main chlorine and fluorine reservoirs in the Earth's stratosphere. Their buildup resulted from the intensive use of man-made halogenated source gases, in particular CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2), during the second half of the 20th century. It is important to continue monitoring the evolution of these source gases and reservoirs, in support of the Montreal Protocol and also indirectly of the Kyoto Protocol. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) is a space-based instrument that has been performing regular solar occultation measurements of over 30 atmospheric gases since early 2004. In this validation paper, the HCl, HF, CFC-11 and CFC-12 version 2.2 profile data products retrieved from ACE-FTS measurements are evaluated. Volume mixing ratio profiles have been compared to observations made from space by MLS and HALOE, and from stratospheric balloons by SPIRALE, FIRS-2 and Mark-IV. Partial columns derived from the ACE-FTS data were also compared to column measurements from ground-based Fourier transform instruments operated at 12 sites. ACE-FTS data recorded from March 2004 to August 2007 have been used for the comparisons. These data are representative of a variety of atmospheric and chemical situations, with sounded air masses extending from the winter vortex to summer sub-tropical conditions. Typically, the ACE-FTS products are available in the 10-50 km altitude range for HCl and HF, and in the 7-20 and 7-25 km ranges for CFC-11 and -12, respectively. For both reservoirs, comparison results indicate an agreement generally better than 5-10% above 20 km altitude, when accounting for the known offset affecting HALOE measurements of HCl and HF. Larger positive differences are however found for comparisons with single profiles from FIRS-2 and SPIRALE. For CFCs, the few coincident measurements available suggest that the differences probably remain within +/- 20%.
C1 [Mahieu, E.; Duchatelet, P.; Demoulin, P.; Zander, R.; Servais, C.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, GIRPAS, Liege, Belgium.
[Walker, K. A.; Strong, K.; Taylor, J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
[Walker, K. A.; Dupuy, E.; Boone, C. D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Froidevaux, L.; Blavier, J. -F.; Toon, G. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Randall, C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Catoire, V.; Mebarki, Y.; Robert, C.] Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, UMR 6115, F-45071 Orleans 2, France.
[Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Blumenstock, T.; Hase, F.; Mikuteit, S.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meterorol & Climate Res IMK, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Blumenstock, T.; Hase, F.; Mikuteit, S.] Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[De Maziere, M.; Senten, C.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium.
[Griffith, D.; Jones, N.] Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
[Jucks, K. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Kagawa, A.; Kasai, Y.] Natl Inst Commun & Informat Technol, Tokyo 1848795, Japan.
[Nassar, R.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Notholt, J.; Warneke, T.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-2800 Bremen 33, Germany.
[Schrems, O.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-2850 Bremerhaven, Germany.
[Smale, D.; Wood, S. W.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Lauder, Central Otago, New Zealand.
[Tetard, C.] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
RP Mahieu, E (reprint author), Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, GIRPAS, Liege, Belgium.
EM emmanuel.mahieu@ulg.ac.be
RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Blumenstock,
Thomas/K-2263-2012; Hase, Frank/A-7497-2013; Catoire,
Valery/E-9662-2015; Jones, Nicholas/G-5575-2011; Barthlott,
Sabine/B-1439-2013; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014; Notholt,
Justus/P-4520-2016;
OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Catoire, Valery/0000-0001-8126-3096;
Jones, Nicholas/0000-0002-0111-2368; Barthlott,
Sabine/0000-0003-0258-9421; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397; Notholt,
Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X; Nassar, Ray/0000-0001-6282-1611; Mahieu,
Emmanuel/0000-0002-5251-0286
FU EU-projects SCOUT; GEOMON; HYMN
FX Financial support by the EU-projects SCOUT, GEOMON and HYMN is further
acknowledged.
NR 71
TC 43
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 9
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 20
BP 6199
EP 6221
DI 10.5194/acp-8-6199-2008
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 367NK
UT WOS:000260558500015
ER
PT J
AU Irie, H
Kanaya, Y
Akimoto, H
Tanimoto, H
Wang, Z
Gleason, JF
Bucsela, EJ
AF Irie, H.
Kanaya, Y.
Akimoto, H.
Tanimoto, H.
Wang, Z.
Gleason, J. F.
Bucsela, E. J.
TI Validation of OMI tropospheric NO2 column data using MAX-DOAS
measurements deep inside the North China Plain in June 2006: Mount Tai
Experiment 2006
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR
AB A challenge for the quantitative analysis of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) column data from satellite observations is posed partly by the lack of satellite-independent observations for validation. We performed such observations of the tropospheric NO2 column using the ground-based Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) technique in the North China Plain (NCP) from 29 May to 29 June, 2006. Comparisons between tropospheric NO2 columns measured by MAX-DOAS and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard the Aura satellite indicate that OMI data (the standard product, version 3) over NCP may have a positive bias of 1.6 x 10(15) molecules cm(-2) (20%), yet within the uncertainty of the OMI data. Combining these results with literature validation results for the US, Europe, and Pacific Ocean suggests that a bias of + 20%/-30% is a reasonable estimate, accounting for different regions.
C1 [Irie, H.; Kanaya, Y.; Akimoto, H.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Kanazawa Ku, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan.
[Tanimoto, H.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan.
[Wang, Z.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LAPC NZC, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
[Gleason, J. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Bucsela, E. J.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94107 USA.
RP Irie, H (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Kanazawa Ku, 3173-25 Showa Machi, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan.
EM irie@jamstec.go.jp
RI Tanimoto, Hiroshi/E-6779-2010; Kanaya, Yugo/C-7446-2012; Wang,
ZF/D-7202-2012; Gleason, James/E-1421-2012; Wang, Zifa/B-5799-2011
OI Tanimoto, Hiroshi/0000-0002-5424-9923; Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012;
FU NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center
(GES-DISC); Ministry of the Environment, Japan [B-051]; Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
FX The standard product (SP) of OMI NO2 data was obtained from
the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center
(GES-DISC). MODIS data were obtained from the NASA LAADS web site. This
work was supported by the Global Environment Research Fund (B-051) of
the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. This work was supported by the
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT).
This work was supported by Japan EOS (Earth Observation System)
Promotion Program of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science
and Technology (MEXT).
NR 24
TC 40
Z9 45
U1 1
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 22
BP 6577
EP 6586
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 389FP
UT WOS:000262077000001
ER
PT J
AU Wilson, JC
Lee, SH
Reeves, JM
Brock, CA
Jonsson, HH
Lafleur, BG
Loewenstein, M
Podolske, J
Atlas, E
Boering, K
Toon, G
Fahey, D
Bui, TP
Diskin, G
Moore, F
AF Wilson, J. C.
Lee, S. -H.
Reeves, J. M.
Brock, C. A.
Jonsson, H. H.
Lafleur, B. G.
Loewenstein, M.
Podolske, J.
Atlas, E.
Boering, K.
Toon, G.
Fahey, D.
Bui, T. P.
Diskin, G.
Moore, F.
TI Steady-state aerosol distributions in the extra-tropical, lower
stratosphere and the processes that maintain them
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIODE-LASER SPECTROMETER; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; NORTHERN MIDLATITUDES;
UPPER TROPOSPHERE; OZONE DEPLETION; NITROUS-OXIDE; MEAN AGES; OPEN-PATH;
HYGROMETER; PARTICLES
AB Measurements of aerosol, N(2)O and OCS made in the Northern Hemisphere below 21 km altitude following the eruption of Pinatubo are presented and analyzed. After September 1999, the oxidation of OCS and sedimentation of particles in the extra-tropical overworld north of 45N are found to maintain the aerosol in a steady state. This analysis empirically links precursor gas to aerosol abundance throughout this region. These processes are tracked with age-of-air which offers advantages over tracking as a function of latitude and altitude. In the extra-tropical, lowermost stratosphere, normalized volume distributions appear constant in time after the fall of 1999. Exchange with the troposphere is important in understanding aerosol evolution there. Size distributions of volcanically perturbed aerosol are included to distinguish between volcanic and non-volcanic conditions. This analysis suggests that model failures to correctly predict OCS and aerosol properties below 20 km in the Northern Hemisphere extra tropics result from inadequate descriptions of atmospheric circulation.
C1 [Wilson, J. C.; Reeves, J. M.; Lafleur, B. G.] Univ Denver, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
[Lee, S. -H.] Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44240 USA.
[Brock, C. A.; Fahey, D.] NOAA ESRL CSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Jonsson, H. H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, CIRPAS, Marina, CA 93933 USA.
[Loewenstein, M.; Podolske, J.; Bui, T. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Atlas, E.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Boering, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Toon, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Diskin, G.] NASA, Chem & Dynam Branch, MS 483, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Moore, F.] NOAA ESRL GMD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Wilson, JC (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
EM jwilson@du.edu
RI Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Lee, Shan-Hu/F-9913-2014; Atlas,
Elliot/J-8171-2015; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634;
FU NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program; NASA Atmospheric Effects of
Aviation Project; NASA Radiation Sciences Program
FX JCW gratefully acknowledges useful conversations of A. Tuck, K.
Rosenlof, D. Weisenstein, S. Wofsy and J. Elkins and comments of two
anonymous reviewers. In situ measurements were made from NASA research
aircraft and remote measurements were made from balloons with
sponsorship of the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program, the NASA
Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project, and the NASA Radiation Sciences
Program.
NR 34
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS
PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU
PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 22
BP 6617
EP 6626
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 389FP
UT WOS:000262077000005
ER
PT J
AU Guan, H
Chatfield, RB
Freitas, SR
Bergstrom, RW
Longo, KM
AF Guan, H.
Chatfield, R. B.
Freitas, S. R.
Bergstrom, R. W.
Longo, K. M.
TI Modeling the effect of plume-rise on the transport of carbon monoxide
over Africa with NCAR CAM
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; SOUTH-AMERICA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY;
MOPITT INSTRUMENT; SAFARI 2000; FIRE; POLLUTION; PACIFIC; TRACE;
SIMULATIONS
AB We investigated the effects of fire-induced plume-rise on the simulation of carbon monoxide (CO) over Africa and its export during SAFARI 2000 using the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) with a CO tracer and a plume-rise parameterization scheme. The plume-rise parameterization scheme simulates the consequences of strong buoyancy of hot gases emitted from biomass burning, including both dry and cloud-associated (pyro-cumulus) lofting. The current implementation of the plume-rise parameterization scheme into the global model provides an opportunity to examine the effect of plume-rise on long-range transport. The CAM simulation with the plume-rise parameterization scheme seems to show a substantial improvement of the agreements between the modeled and aircraft-measured vertical distribution of CO over Southern Africa biomass-burning area. The plume-rise mechanism plays a crucial role in lofting biomass-burning pollutants to the middle troposphere. In the presence of deep convection we found that the plume-rise mechanism results in a decrease of CO concentration in the upper troposphere. The plume-rise depletes the boundary layer, and thus leaves lower concentrations of CO to be lofted by the deep convection process. The effect of the plume-rise on free troposphere CO concentration is more important for the source area (short-distance transport) than for remote areas (long-distance transport). A budget analysis of CO burden over Southern Africa reveals the plume-rise process to have a similar impact as the chemical production of CO by OH and CH4. In addition, the plume-rise process has an minor impact on the regional export. These results further confirm and extend previous findings in a regional model study. Effective lofting of large concentration of CO by the plume-rise mechanism also has implications for local air quality forecasting in areas affected by other fire-related pollutants.
C1 [Guan, H.; Bergstrom, R. W.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA.
[Chatfield, R. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Freitas, S. R.; Longo, K. M.] INPE, CPTEC, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil.
RP Guan, H (reprint author), Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA.
EM hong.guan-1@nasa.gov
RI Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012
OI Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X
NR 48
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 22
BP 6801
EP 6812
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 389FP
UT WOS:000262077000018
ER
PT J
AU Millet, DB
Jacob, DJ
Custer, TG
de Gouw, JA
Goldstein, AH
Karl, T
Singh, HB
Sive, BC
Talbot, RW
Warneke, C
Williams, J
AF Millet, D. B.
Jacob, D. J.
Custer, T. G.
de Gouw, J. A.
Goldstein, A. H.
Karl, T.
Singh, H. B.
Sive, B. C.
Talbot, R. W.
Warneke, C.
Williams, J.
TI New constraints on terrestrial and oceanic sources of atmospheric
methanol
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS;
INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY AFTIR; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BIOMASS-BURNING
EMISSIONS; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CARBON-MONOXIDE;
TRACE GAS; MASS-SPECTROMETER
AB We use a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to interpret new aircraft, surface, and oceanic observations of methanol in terms of the constraints that they place on the atmospheric methanol budget. Recent measurements of methanol concentrations in the ocean mixed layer (OML) imply that in situ biological production must be the main methanol source in the OML, dominating over uptake from the atmosphere. It follows that oceanic emission and uptake must be viewed as independent terms in the atmospheric methanol budget. We deduce that the marine biosphere is a large primary source (85 Tg a(-1)) of methanol to the atmosphere and is also a large sink (101 Tg a(-1)), comparable in magnitude to atmospheric oxidation by OH (88 Tg a(-1)). The resulting atmospheric lifetime of methanol in the model is 4.7 days. Aircraft measurements in the North American boundary layer imply that terrestrial plants are a much weaker source than presently thought, likely reflecting an overestimate of broadleaf tree emissions, and this is also generally consistent with surface measurements. We deduce a terrestrial plant source of 80 Tg a(-1), comparable in magnitude to the ocean source. The aircraft measurements show a strong correlation with CO (R-2= 0.51-0.61) over North America during summer. We reproduce this correlation and slope in the model with the reduced plant source, which also confirms that the anthropogenic source of methanol must be small. Our reduced plant source also provides a better simulation of methanol observations over tropical South America.
C1 [Millet, D. B.; Jacob, D. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Millet, D. B.; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Custer, T. G.; Williams, J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA USA.
[Karl, T.] NCAR, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO USA.
[Singh, H. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Sive, B. C.; Talbot, R. W.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Millet, D. B.; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Millet, DB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
EM dbm@umn.edu
RI Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Goldstein,
Allen/A-6857-2011; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; de
Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008
OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896;
de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826
FU US National Science Foundation
FX This work was supported by the Atmospheric Chemistry Program of the US
National Science Foundation. We thank John Holloway, Glen Sachse, and
Glenn Diskin for providing CO data, and Donald Blake for providing
unpublished methanol data from TOPSE. DBM thanks the NOAA Climate and
Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program and Harvard University's
Reginald A. Daly Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, Brendan Field for his
assistance, and Bob Yantosca for his generous help.
NR 96
TC 62
Z9 62
U1 3
U2 25
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 23
BP 6887
EP 6905
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 393YS
UT WOS:000262413000002
ER
PT J
AU Shindell, D
Lamarque, JF
Unger, N
Koch, D
Faluvegi, G
Bauer, S
Ammann, M
Cofala, J
Teich, H
AF Shindell, D.
Lamarque, J. -F.
Unger, N.
Koch, D.
Faluvegi, G.
Bauer, S.
Ammann, M.
Cofala, J.
Teich, H.
TI Climate forcing and air quality change due to regional emissions
reductions by economic sector
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CARBON EMISSIONS; MODEL; AEROSOLS; METHANE;
SIMULATIONS; IMPACT; PREINDUSTRIAL; PRECURSORS; CYCLE
AB We examine the air quality (AQ) and radiative forcing (RF) response to emissions reductions by economic sector for North America and developing Asia in the CAM and GISS composition/climate models. Decreases in annual average surface particulate are relatively robust, with intermodel variations in magnitude typically <30% and very similar spatial structure. Surface ozone responses are small and highly model dependent. The largest net RF results from reductions in emissions from the North America industrial/power and developing Asia domestic fuel burning sectors. Sulfate reductions dominate the first case, for which intermodel variations in the sulfate ( or total) aerosol optical depth ( AOD) responses are similar to 30% and the modeled spatial patterns of the AOD reductions are highly correlated (R=0.9). Decreases in BC dominate the developing Asia domestic fuel burning case, and show substantially greater model-to-model differences. Intermodel variations in tropospheric ozone burden changes are also large, though aerosol changes dominate those cases with substantial net climate forcing. The results indicate that across-the-board emissions reductions in domestic fuel burning in developing Asia and in surface transportation in North America are likely to offer the greatest potential for substantial, simultaneous improvement in local air quality and near-term mitigation of global climate change via short-lived species. Conversely, reductions in industrial/power emissions have the potential to accelerate near-term warming, though they would improve AQ and have a long-term cooling effect on climate. These broad conclusions appear robust to intermodel differences.
C1 [Shindell, D.; Unger, N.; Koch, D.; Faluvegi, G.; Bauer, S.; Teich, H.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Ammann, M.; Cofala, J.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
RP Shindell, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM drew.t.shindell@nasa.gov
RI Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Magana,
Felipe/B-6966-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Unger,
Nadine/M-9360-2015
OI Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074;
FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; National Science Foundation
FX We thank the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program
(ACMAP). JFL was supported by the SciDAC project from the Department of
Energy. This research used resources of the National Energy Research
Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science
of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. The
National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University
Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National
Science Foundation.
NR 42
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 1
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 23
BP 7101
EP 7113
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 393YS
UT WOS:000262413000015
ER
PT J
AU Parazoo, NC
Denning, AS
Kawa, SR
Corbin, KD
Lokupitiya, RS
Baker, IT
AF Parazoo, N. C.
Denning, A. S.
Kawa, S. R.
Corbin, K. D.
Lokupitiya, R. S.
Baker, I. T.
TI Mechanisms for synoptic variations of atmospheric CO2 in North America,
South America and Europe
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; EXCHANGE; TRANSPORT; FLUXES;
INVERSION; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS; SENSITIVITY; BIOSPHERE
AB Synoptic variations of atmospheric CO2 produced by interactions between weather and surface fluxes are investigated mechanistically and quantitatively in midlatitude and tropical regions using continuous in-situ CO2 observations in North America, South America and Europe and forward chemical transport model simulations with the Parameterized Chemistry Transport Model. Frontal CO2 climatologies show consistently strong, characteristic frontal CO2 signals throughout the midlatitudes of North America and Europe. Transitions between synoptically identifiable CO2 air masses or transient spikes along the frontal boundary typically characterize these signals. One case study of a summer cold front shows CO2 gradients organizing with deformational flow along weather fronts, producing strong and spatially coherent variations. In order to differentiate physical and biological controls on synoptic variations in midlatitudes and a site in Amazonia, a boundary layer budget equation is constructed to break down boundary layer CO2 tendencies into components driven by advection, moist convection, and surface fluxes. This analysis suggests that, in midlatitudes, advection is dominant throughout the year and responsible for 60-70% of day-to-day variations on average, with moist convection contributing less than 5%. At a site in Amazonia, vertical mixing, in particular coupling between convective transport and surface CO2 flux, is most important, with advection responsible for 26% of variations, moist convection 32%, and surface flux 42%. Transport model sensitivity experiments agree with budget analysis. These results imply the existence of a recharge-discharge mechanism in Amazonia important for controlling synoptic variations of boundary layer CO2, and that forward and inverse simulations should take care to represent moist convective transport. Due to the scarcity of tropical observations at the time of this study, results in Amazonia are not generalized for the tropics, and future work should extend analysis to additional tropical locations.
C1 [Parazoo, N. C.; Denning, A. S.; Corbin, K. D.; Lokupitiya, R. S.; Baker, I. T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Kawa, S. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Parazoo, NC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM nparazoo@atmos.colostate.edu
RI Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012; Denning, Scott/F-4974-2011
OI Denning, Scott/0000-0003-3032-7875
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX06AC75G, NNG05GD15G,
NNG05GF41G, NNX08AM56G, NNG06GB41G]
FX This research would not been possible without data providers. We thank
Margaret Torn, Sebastien Biraud, and Marc Fischer at LBNL for SGP,
William Munger and Steve Wofsy at Harvard University for HRV and TPJ,
Arlyn Andrews at NOAA/ESRL/GMD for LEF, WKT, and AMT, Douglas Worthy at
MSC for CDL, FRS, ALT, and SBI, Larry Flanagan at the University of
Lethbridge for WPL, Philippe Ciais and Leonard Rivier for their work in
the Carboeurope Database, Johan Strom at SU for ZEP, Tuula Aalto at FMI
for PAL, Ingeborg Levin at UHEI-IUP for HEI, Michel Ramonet at CEA-LSCE
for MHD, Laszlo Haszpra and Zoltan Barcza for HUN, and WMO WDCGG and
NOAA/ESRL/GMD for making CO2 data publicly available. We also
thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for constructive comments and
recommendations. This research is supported by the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration Contracts #NNX06AC75G, #NNG05GD15G,
#NNG05GF41G, #NNX08AM56G, and #NNG06GB41G.
NR 50
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 23
BP 7239
EP 7254
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 393YS
UT WOS:000262413000024
ER
PT J
AU Duncan, BN
Logan, JA
AF Duncan, B. N.
Logan, J. A.
TI Model analysis of the factors regulating the trends and variability of
carbon monoxide between 1988 and 1997
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FREE TROPOSPHERIC CO; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS;
CENTRAL-EUROPE; FOREST-FIRES; OZONE; CHEMISTRY; COLUMN; TRANSPORT;
NORTHERN
AB We used a 3-D model of chemistry and transport to investigate trends and variability in tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) for 1988-1997 caused by changes in the overhead ozone column, fossil fuel emissions, biomass burning emissions, methane, and transport. We found that the decreasing CO burden in the northern extra-tropics (-0.85%/y) was more heavily influenced by the decrease in European emissions during our study period than by the similar increase in Asian emissions, as transport pathways from Europe favored accumulation at higher latitudes in winter and spring. However, the opposite trends in the CO burdens from these two source regions counterbalanced at lower latitudes. Elsewhere, the factors influencing CO often compete, diminishing their cumulative impact, and trends in model CO were small or insignificant for our study period, except in the tropics in boreal fall (1.1%/y), a result of emissions from major fires in Indonesia late in 1997. There was a decrease in the ozone column during the study period as a result of the phase of the solar cycle and the eruption of Pinatubo in 1991. This decrease contributed negatively to the trend in model CO by increasing the hydroxyl radical (OH). The impact of this negative contribution was diminished by a positive contribution of similar magnitude from increasing methane. However, the trends in these two factors did not cancel for tropospheric OH, which responded primarily to changes in the ozone column.
C1 [Duncan, B. N.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Duncan, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Logan, J. A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Duncan, BN (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
EM bryan.n.duncan@nasa.gov
RI Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011
FU NASA [NAG-1-2307]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0554804]
FX B. Duncan gratefully acknowledges important discussions with Stacey
Frith on trends in column ozone and thanks Jerry Ziemke for guidance on
the calculation of trends. This research was supported by NASA Grant
NAG-1-2307 ( B. Duncan) and by the National Science Foundation grant
ATM-0554804 to Harvard University (J. Logan).
NR 49
TC 35
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 24
BP 7389
EP 7403
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 393YG
UT WOS:000262411800005
ER
PT J
AU Voigt, C
Schlager, H
Roiger, A
Stenke, A
de Reus, M
Borrmann, S
Jensen, E
Schiller, C
Konopka, P
Sitnikov, N
AF Voigt, C.
Schlager, H.
Roiger, A.
Stenke, A.
de Reus, M.
Borrmann, S.
Jensen, E.
Schiller, C.
Konopka, P.
Sitnikov, N.
TI Detection of reactive nitrogen containing particles in the tropopause
region - evidence for a tropical nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) belt
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS; LARGE HNO3-CONTAINING PARTICLES;
MICROPHYSICAL MODEL; ARCTIC STRATOSPHERE; CIRRUS CLOUDS; WINTER;
DENITRIFICATION; SEDIMENTATION; SIMULATION; CLIMATE
AB The detection of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT, HNO3 x 3H(2)O) particles in the tropical transition layer (TTL) harmonizes our understanding of polar stratospheric cloud formation. Large reactive nitrogen (NOy) containing particles were observed on 8 August 2006 by instruments on-board the high altitude research aircraft M55-Geophysica near and below the tropical tropopause. The particles, most likely NAT, have diameters less than 6 mu m and concentrations below 10(-4) cm(-3). The NAT particle layer was repeatedly detected at altitudes between 15.1 and 17.5 km over extended areas of 9.5 to 17.2 degrees N and 1.5 degrees W to 2.7 degrees E above the African continent. Satellite observations suggest that the NAT particles could have nucleated on ice fed by convective activity. Once nucleated, the NAT particles can slowly grow within the TTL for days, while being transported over long distances. Their in-situ detection combined with global model simulations of the NAT supersaturation near the tropical tropopause indicate the potential for a tropical tropopause NAT particle belt.
C1 [Voigt, C.; Schlager, H.; Roiger, A.; Stenke, A.] Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[de Reus, M.; Borrmann, S.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Borrmann, S.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Abt Wolkenphys, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Jensen, E.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Schiller, C.; Konopka, P.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphare, Julich, Germany.
[Sitnikov, N.] Cent Aerol Observ, Moscow, Russia.
RP Voigt, C (reprint author), Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
EM christiane.voigt@dlr.de
RI Borrmann, Stephan/E-3868-2010; Voigt, Christiane/G-3279-2010; Konopka,
Paul/A-7329-2013; Schiller, Cornelius/B-1004-2013
FU European Community [505390-GOCE-CT-2004]; Geophysica EEIG; French
CNRS-INSU/CNES; AMMA-EU; AEROTROP [SFB641:TROPICE]
FX The M55-Geophysica AMMA-SCOUT campaign in West Africa was funded by the
Geophysica EEIG, French CNRS-INSU/CNES and European Community sixth
framework integrated projects SCOUT-O3 (505390-GOCE-CT-2004) and
AMMA-EU. Based on a French initiative, AMMA was built by an
international scientific group and is currently funded by a large number
of agencies, especially from France, UK, US and Africa. It has been the
beneficiary of a major financial contribution from the European
Community's Sixth Framework Research Programme. CV performed part of the
work within the Junior Research Group AEROTROP and MdR acknowledges the
support through the SFB641:TROPICE. We thank B. Luo, B. K archer, D.
Fahey and T. Peter for fruitfull discussions. The Geophyisca crew is
acknowledged for excellent flight operation and K. Law and F. Cairo for
the coordination of the Geophysica campaign. The global model
simulations have been performed on the NEC SX-6 high performance
computer of the German Computing Centre (DKRZ). ECMWF data were provided
by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts.
NR 32
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 24
BP 7421
EP 7430
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 393YG
UT WOS:000262411800008
ER
PT J
AU Guan, H
Chatfield, RB
Freitas, SR
Bergstrom, RW
Longo, KM
AF Guan, H.
Chatfield, R. B.
Freitas, S. R.
Bergstrom, R. W.
Longo, K. M.
TI Modeling the effect of plume-rise on the transport of carbon monoxide
over Africa with NCAR CAM (vol 8, pg 6812, 2008)
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Guan, H.; Bergstrom, R. W.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA.
[Guan, H.; Chatfield, R. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Freitas, S. R.; Longo, K. M.] INPE, Ctr Weather Forecasting & Climate Studies CPTEC, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil.
RP Guan, H (reprint author), Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA.
EM hong.guan-1@nasa.gov
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS
PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU
PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 24
BP 7735
EP 7735
PG 1
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 393YG
UT WOS:000262411800030
ER
PT J
AU Ban-Weiss, GA
McLaughlin, JP
Harley, RA
Lunden, MM
Kirchstetter, TW
Kean, AJ
Strawa, AW
Stevenson, ED
Kendall, GR
AF Ban-Weiss, George A.
McLaughlin, John P.
Harley, Robert A.
Lunden, Melissa M.
Kirchstetter, Thomas W.
Kean, Andrew J.
Strawa, Anthony W.
Stevenson, Eric D.
Kendall, Gary R.
TI Long-term changes in emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter
from on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE motor vehicles; tunnel study; aerosol optical properties; nitrogen
oxides; exhaust particulate matter
ID CARBON MEASUREMENTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTICLE NUMBER; FINE-PARTICLE;
DUTY; TUNNEL; IMPACT; AEROSOL; TRUCKS; MODEL
AB Gas- and particle-phase pollutants were measured separately for (a) light-duty (LD) vehicles and (b) medium-duty (MD) and heavy-duty (HD) diesel trucks. Measurements were made during summer 2006 at the Caldecott Tunnel in the San Francisco Bay area as part of a continuing campaign to track changes in vehicle emissions over time. When normalized to fuel consumption, NOx emission factors were found to be 3.0 +/- 0.2 and 40 +/- 3 g kg(-1) for LD vehicles and MD/HD diesel trucks, respectively. Corresponding particulate matter (PM2.5) emission factors were 0.07 +/- 0.02 and 1.4 +/- 0.3 g kg(-1). The ratio of particulate black carbon to organic mass (BC/OM) for LD vehicles was 0.71 +/- 0.15. For diesel trucks, BC/OM was 2 +/- 1, indicating that PM2.5 was dominated by BC. Results from 2006 are compared to similar measurements made at the same site in 1997. For LD vehicles, NOx and PM2.5 emission factors decreased by 67 +/- 3 % and 36 +/- 17%, respectively. Corresponding decreases for diesel trucks were 30 +/- 9% for NOx and 48 +/- 12% for PM2.5. The ratio of HD to LD emission factor for NOx increased from 6 +/- 1 to 13 +/- 1 between 1997 and 2006, which indicates an increase in the relative importance of diesel trucks as a source of NOx emissions. The absorption, scattering, and extinction cross-section emission factors parameters relevant to climate change and atmospheric visibility, were an order of magnitude higher for diesel trucks than LD vehicles. Single-scattering albedo, measured at lambda = 675 nm, was 0.31 +/- 0.06 and 0.20 +/- 0.05 for LD vehicle and diesel truck PM emissions, respectively. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [McLaughlin, John P.; Harley, Robert A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Ban-Weiss, George A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Lunden, Melissa M.; Kirchstetter, Thomas W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Kean, Andrew J.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Mech Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA.
[Strawa, Anthony W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Stevenson, Eric D.; Kendall, Gary R.] Tech Serv Div, Bay Area Air Qual Management Dist, San Francisco, CA 94109 USA.
RP Harley, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM harley@ce.berkeley.edu
RI Harley, Robert/C-9177-2016;
OI Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917; Ban-Weiss,
George/0000-0001-8211-2628
NR 43
TC 129
Z9 133
U1 5
U2 60
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 42
IS 2
BP 220
EP 232
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.049
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 261OD
UT WOS:000253088300002
ER
PT J
AU Landi, E
Bhatia, AK
AF Landi, E.
Bhatia, A. K.
TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for S XIII
SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES
LA English
DT Article
ID BE-LIKE IONS; ELECTRON-IMPACT-EXCITATION; BERYLLIUM-LIKE IONS;
EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; COLLISION STRENGTHS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS;
EMISSION-LINES; RATE COEFFICIENTS; SOLAR SPECTRUM; CROSS-SECTIONS
AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for S XIII. The configurations used are 2s(2), 2s2p, 2p(2), 2131', 2141' and 2s51', with 1 = s, p and 1' = s, p, d, giving rise to 92 fine-structure levels in intermediate coupling. Collision strengths are calculated at seven incident energies (10, 20, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 Ry) for the transitions within the three lowest configurations, and five incident energies (45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 Ry) for transitions between the lowest five levels and the n = 3,4,5 configurations. Calculations have been carried out using the distorted wave approximation. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates of the present work, and R-matrix results for the 2s(2), 2s(2)p, 2P(2) configurations available in the literature, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8)-10(14) cm(-3) at an electron temperature of log T-e(K) = 6.4, corresponding to the maximum abundance of S XIII. Spectral line intensities are calculated, and their diagnostic relevance is discussed. Observed line ratios indicate electron temperatures of the emitting plasma close to log T-e(K) = 6.4. This dataset will be made available in the next version of the CHIANTI database. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Landi, E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Landi, E.] ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA.
[Bhatia, A. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
EM Landi@poppeo.nrl.navy.mil
RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011
NR 47
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0092-640X
J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA
JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 94
IS 1
BP 1
EP 37
DI 10.1016/j.adt.2007.08.002
PG 37
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA 260KO
UT WOS:000253009400001
ER
PT S
AU Miyoshi, K
Ishibashi, K
Suzuki, M
AF Miyoshi, Kazuhisa
Ishibashi, Kenichi
Suzuki, Manabu
BE Tung, S
Kinker, B
Woydt, M
TI Surface characterization techniques in wear of materials
SO AUTOMOTIVE LUBRICANT TESTING AND ADDITIVE DEVELOPMENT
SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Automotive Lubricant Testing and Advanced Additive
Development
CY DEC, 2006
CL Lake Buena Vista, FL
SP Comm D02
DE nanohardness; wear volume measurement; lunar dust simulant; interference
microscopy; surface topography
AB To understand the benefits that tribological engineering materials or surface modifications provide, and ultimately to devise better ones, it is necessary to study the topographical, mechanical, physical, and chemical characteristics of surfaces. This paper reviews advanced surface analytical techniques for measuring surface topography and hardness of engineering surfaces. The primary emphases are on the use of these techniques as they relate to measurements of wear volume loss and nanohardness of materials using optical profilometry and nanoindentation in conjunction with atomic force microscopy, respectively.
C1 [Miyoshi, Kazuhisa] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Miyoshi, K (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 1040-1695
BN 978-0-8031-4505-4
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 2008
VL 1501
BP 126
EP 133
DI 10.1520/STP45590S
PG 8
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA BHS16
UT WOS:000255923300012
ER
PT S
AU Thrower, FP
Joyce, JE
Celewycz, AG
Malecha, PW
AF Thrower, Frank P.
Joyce, John E.
Celewycz, Adrian G.
Malecha, Patrick W.
BE Allen, MS
Sammons, S
Maceina, MJ
TI The Potential Importance of Reservoirs in the Western United States for
the Recovery of Endangered Populations of Anadromous Steelhead
SO BALANCING FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND WATER USES FOR IMPOUNDED RIVER
SYSTEMS
SE American Fisheries Society Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 4th North American Reservoir Symposium on Balancing Fisheries Management
and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems
CY JUN 07-09, 2007
CL Atlanta, GA
SP Amer Fisheries Soc, SE Div Reservoir Comm
ID PACIFIC SALMON; FRESH-WATER; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; WILD;
CONSERVATION; CALIFORNIA; DIVERSITY; SURVIVAL; GROWTH
AB As a consequence of ubiquitous reservoirs impounded oil Pacific Northwest streams having native runs of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss, hundreds of isolated Populations of formerly anadromous fish were unintentionally created. Despite extensive stocking of resident hatchery fish, it is likely that when conditions were favorable, many populations adapted to their new environments and remain viable to this day. Severe population declines of anadromous fish have Occurred in recent decades. If these isolated resident populations retain ancestral anadromous adaptations, they have value as potential reservoirs for anadromous restoration after issues leading to decline have been addressed. We produced five broods of F(2) offspring from pure lines of anadromous steelhead and resident rainbow trout (nonanadromous O. mykiss; descendants of a previous stocking 70 years before from the same anadromous steelhead stock plus reciprocal hybrid lines to determine if captive populations of F(1) offspring of fish thus isolated for decades can still produce smolts that adapt to seawater and Successfully return to spawn as ocean-ranched adults. Although the anadromous line produced significantly more smolts than the resident line, the marine survival of smolts was related to genetic origin more than to smolting history of the parents. Smolting rates and marine survival of the F(2) progeny were similar to, or higher, than those of the F(1) progeny, indicating that completely captive broodstock, derived from isolated Populations, could be an important component of a recovery plan for endangered stocks of anadromous rainbow trout.
C1 [Thrower, Frank P.; Joyce, John E.; Celewycz, Adrian G.; Malecha, Patrick W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Thrower, FP (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM frank.thrower@noaa.gov
NR 25
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0892-2284
BN 978-1-934874-06-6
J9 AM FISH S S
PY 2008
VL 62
BP 309
EP 324
PG 16
WC Fisheries; Water Resources
SC Fisheries; Water Resources
GA BIX56
UT WOS:000263597300021
ER
PT S
AU Cole, J
AF Cole, John
BE Pakhomov, AV
TI An exploration perspective of beamed energy propulsion
SO BEAMED ENERGY PROPULSION
SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Symposium on Beamed Energy Propulsion
CY NOV 12-15, 2007
CL Kailua Kona, HI
SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Univ Alabama, Amer Inst Beamed Energy Propuls
DE beamed energy propulsion; beamed power; launch vehicles; exploration
missions; technology readiness
AB The Vision for Exploration is currently focused on flying the Space Shuttle safety to complete our Space Station obligations, retiring the Shuttle in 2010, then returning humans to the Moon and learning how to proceed to Mars and beyond. The NASA budget still includes funds for science and aeronautics but the primary focus is on human exploration. Fiscal constraints have led to pursuing exploration vehicles that use heritage hardware, particularly existing boosters and engines, with the minimum modifications necessary to satisfy mission requirements. So, pursuit of immature technologies is not currently affordable by NASA. Beamed energy is one example of an immature technology, from a human exploration perspective, that may eventually provide significant benefits for human exploration of space, but likely not in the near future, Looking to the more distant future, this paper will examine sonic of the criteria that must be achieved by beamed energy propulsion to eventually contribute to human exploration of the solar system. The analysis focuses on some of the implications of increasing the payload fraction of a launch vehicle, with a quick look at trans-lunar injection. As one would expect, there is potential for benefit, and there are concerns. The analysis concludes with an assessment of the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for some beamed energy propulsion components, indicating that TRL 2 is close to being completed.
C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Cole, J (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0516-5
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 997
BP 26
EP 36
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA BHR73
UT WOS:000255832700003
ER
PT S
AU Parkin, K
AF Parkin, Kevin
BE Pakhomov, AV
TI Microwave thermal rockets - A progress report
SO BEAMED ENERGY PROPULSION
SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Symposium on Beamed Energy Propulsion
CY NOV 12-15, 2007
CL Kailua Kona, HI
SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Univ Alabama, Amer Inst Beamed Energy Propuls
DE microwave thermal propulsion; microwave thermal rockets
AB This paper reviews progress in microwave thermal rocket research since the concept was set forth in this forum 4 years ago. Since then, a microwave thermal thruster has been demonstrated in the laboratory for the first time, albeit at small scale. A numerical model has been developed that captures the behavior of this configuration and can be used to design future experiments, and system point designs have affirmed that a specific impulse of greater than 700 seconds and thrust to weight ratio of greater than 70 is quite possible. In future work, it remains to fully explore the wider design space and relative merits of microwave thermal rockets, delineating the operating regime in which microwave thermal rockets are superior to alternative approaches.
C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Parkin, K (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0516-5
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 997
BP 470
EP 481
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA BHR73
UT WOS:000255832700042
ER
PT S
AU Abdul-Aziz, A
Abumeri, G
Garg, M
Young, PG
AF Abdul-Aziz, Ali
Abumeri, G.
Garg, Mohit
Young, P. G.
BE Dapino, MJ
Ounaies, Z
TI Structural evaluation of a nickel base super alloy metal foam via NDE
and finite element
SO BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2008
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional and Composite
Materials
CY MAR 10-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engn
AB Cellular materials are known to be useful in the application of designing light but stiff structures. This applies to various components used in various industries such as rotorcraft blades, car bodies or portable electronic devices. Structural application of the metal foam is typically confined to light weight sandwich panels, made up of thin solid face sheets and a metallic foam core. The resulting high-stiffness structure is lighter than that constructed only out of the solid metal material. The face sheets carry the applied in-plane and bending loads and the role of the foam core is separate the face sheets to carry some of the shear stresses, while remaining integral with the face sheet. Many challenges relating to the fabrication and testing of these metal foam panels continue to exist due to some mechanical properties falling short of their theoretical potential. Hence in this study, a detailed three dimensional foam structure is generated using series of 2D Computer Tomography (CT) scans, on Haynes 25 metal foam. Series of the 2D images are utilized to construct a high precision solid model including all the fine details within the metal foam as detected by the CT scanning technique. Subsequently, a finite element analysis is then performed on an as fabricated metal foam microstructures to evaluate the foam structural durability and behavior under tensile and compressive loading conditions. The analysis includes a progressive failure analysis (PFA) using GENOA code to further assess the damage initiation, propagation, and failure. The open cell metal foam material is a cobalt-nickel-chromium-tungsten alloy that combines excellent high-temperature strength with good resistance to oxidizing environments up to 1800 degrees F (980 degrees C) for prolonged exposures. The foam is formed by a powder metallurgy process with an approximate 100 pores per inch (PPI).
C1 [Abdul-Aziz, Ali] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Dept Civil Engn, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Abdul-Aziz, A (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Dept Civil Engn, 21000 Brook Pk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM ali.abdul-aziz-1@nasa.gov; Gabumeri@alphastarcorp.com;
Mgarg@alphastarcorp.com; philippe.g.young@exeter.ac.uk
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7115-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 6929
AR 69291J
DI 10.1117/12.776343
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science,
Composites
SC Materials Science
GA BHW06
UT WOS:000256945900035
ER
PT S
AU Badescu, M
Sherrit, S
Bao, X
Aldrich, J
Bar-Cohen, Y
Jones, C
AF Badescu, M.
Sherrit, S.
Bao, X.
Aldrich, J.
Bar-Cohen, Y.
Jones, C.
BE Dapino, MJ
Ounaies, Z
TI Extended life PZT stack test fixture
SO BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2008
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional and Composite
Materials
CY MAR 10-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engn
DE extended life test; test fixtures; piezoelectric stacks
AB Piezoelectric stacks are being sought to be used as actuators for precision positioning and deployment of mechanisms in future planetary missions. Beside the requirement for very high operation reliability, these actuators may be required to operate in space environments that are considered harsh compared to normal terrestrial conditions. These environmental conditions include low and high temperatures and vacuum or high pressure. Additionally, the stacks are subjected to high stress and in some applications need to operate for extended time periods. Many of these requirements are beyond the current industry design margins for nominal terrestrial applications. In order to investigate some of the properties to assess the durability of such actuators and their limitations we have developed a new type of test fixture that can be easily integrated in various test chambers for simulating environmental conditions, can provide access for multiple measurements while being exposed to adjustable stress levels. We have designed and built two versions of these test fixture and these fixtures were made to be adjustable for testing stacks with different dimensions and can be easily used in small or large numbers. The properties that were measured using these fixtures include impedance, capacitance, dielectric loss factor, leakage current, displacement, breakdown voltage, and lifetime performance. The fixtures characteristics and the test capabilities are presented in this paper.
C1 [Badescu, M.; Sherrit, S.; Bao, X.; Aldrich, J.; Bar-Cohen, Y.; Jones, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Badescu, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 67-119,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Mircea.Badescu@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7115-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 6929
AR 692903
DI 10.1117/12.776483
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science,
Composites
SC Materials Science
GA BHW06
UT WOS:000256945900001
ER
PT S
AU Duffy, KP
Padula, SA
Schelman, DA
AF Duffy, Kirsten P.
Padula, Santo A., II
Schelman, Daniel A.
BE Dapino, MJ
Ounaies, Z
TI Damping of high-temperature shape memory alloys
SO BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2008
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional and Composite
Materials
CY MAR 10-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engn
DE high-temperature; shape memory alloy; damping; aircraft engine blades;
NiTiHf
AB Researchers at NASA Glenn Research Center have been investigating high temperature shape memory alloys as potential damping materials for turbomachinery rotor blades. Analysis shows that a thin layer of SMA with a loss factor of 0.04 or more would be effective at reducing the resonant response of a titanium alloy beam. Two NiTiHf shape memory alloy compositions were tested to determine their loss factors at frequencies from 0.1 to 100 Hz, at temperatures from room temperature to 300 degrees C, and at alternating strain levels of 34-35 x 10(-6). Elevated damping was demonstrated between the M-s and M-f phase transformation temperatures and between the A(s) and A(f) temperatures. The highest damping occurred at the lowest frequencies, with a loss factor of 0.2-0.26 at 0.1 Hz. However, the peak damping decreased with increasing frequency, and showed significant temperature hysteresis in heating and cooling.
C1 [Duffy, Kirsten P.] Univ Toledo, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Duffy, KP (reprint author), Univ Toledo, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM Kirsten.P.Duffy@nasa.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7115-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 6929
AR 69291C
DI 10.1117/12.776288
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science,
Composites
SC Materials Science
GA BHW06
UT WOS:000256945900029
ER
PT S
AU Padula, SA
Gaydosh, DJ
Noebe, RD
Bigelow, GS
Garg, A
Lagoudas, D
Karaman, I
Atli, KC
AF Padula, Santo A., II
Gaydosh, Darrell J.
Noebe, Ronald D.
Bigelow, Glen S.
Garg, Anita
Lagoudas, Dimitris
Karaman, Ibrahim
Atli, Kadri C.
BE Dapino, MJ
Ounaies, Z
TI Influence of test procedures on the thermo mechanical properties of a
55NiTi shape memory alloy
SO BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2008
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional and Composite
Materials
CY MAR 10-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engn
DE shape memory alloy; NiTi; thermomechanical behavior; actuator; testing
standards; transformation temperature; transformation strain; work
output
ID TINI ALLOY; TRANSFORMATION
AB Over the past few decades, binary NiTi shape memory alloys have received attention due to their unique mechanical characteristics, leading to their potential use in low-temperature, solid-state actuator applications. However, prior to using these materials for such applications, the physical response of these systems to mechanical and thermal stimuli must be thoroughly understood and modeled to aid designers in developing SMA-enabled systems. Even though shape memory alloys have been around for almost five decades, very little effort has been made to standardize testing procedures. Although some standards for measuring the transformation temperatures of SMA's are available, no real standards exist for determining the various mechanical and thermomechanical properties that govern the usefulness of these unique materials. Consequently, this study involved testing a 55NiTi alloy using a variety of different test methodologies. All samples tested were taken from the same heat and batch to remove the influence of sample pedigree on the observed results. When the material was tested under constant-stress, thermal-cycle conditions, variations in the characteristic material responses were observed, depending on test methodology. The transformation strain and irreversible strain were impacted more than the transformation temperatures, which only showed an affect with regard to applied external stress. In some cases, test methodology altered the transformation strain by 0.005-0.01 mm/mm, which translates into a difference in work output capability of approximately 2 J/cm(3) (290 in.lbf/in(3)). These results indicate the need for the development of testing standards so that meaningful data can be generated and successfully incorporated into viable models and hardware. The use of consistent testing procedures is also important when comparing results from one research organization to another. To this end, differences in the observed responses will be presented, contrasted and rationalized, in hopes of eventually developing standardized testing procedures for shape memory alloys.
C1 [Padula, Santo A., II; Noebe, Ronald D.; Bigelow, Glen S.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Padula, SA (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RI Atli, Kadri/D-6978-2013;
OI Atli, Kadri/0000-0002-4807-2113; Lagoudas, Dimitris/0000-0002-0194-5933;
Karaman, Ibrahim/0000-0001-6461-4958
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7115-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 6929
AR 692912
DI 10.1117/12.776416
PG 11
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science,
Composites
SC Materials Science
GA BHW06
UT WOS:000256945900023
ER
PT S
AU Sherrit, S
Jones, CM
Aldrich, JB
Blodget, C
Bao, XQ
Badescu, M
Bar-Cohen, Y
AF Sherrit, Stewart
Jones, Christopher M.
Aldrich, Jack B.
Blodget, Chad
Bao, Xiaoqi
Badescu, Mircea
Bar-Cohen, Yoseph
BE Dapino, MJ
Ounaies, Z
TI Multilayer piezoelectric stack actuator characterization
SO BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2008
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional and Composite
Materials
CY MAR 10-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engn
DE piezoelectric devices; positioners; active mirrors; stacks; multilayers
AB Future NASA missions are increasingly seeking to use actuators for precision positioning to accuracies of the order of fractions of a nanometer. For this purpose, multilayer piezoelectric stacks are being considered as actuators for driving these precision mechanisms. In this study, sets of commercial PZT stacks were tested in various AC and DC conditions at both nominal and extreme temperatures and voltages. AC signal testing included impedance, capacitance and dielectric loss factor of each actuator as a function of the small-signal driving sinusoidal frequency, and the ambient temperature. DC signal testing includes leakage current and displacement as a function of the applied DC voltage. The applied DC voltage was increased to over eight times the manufacturers' specifications to investigate the correlation between leakage current and breakdown voltage. Resonance characterization as a function of temperature was done over a temperature range of -180 degrees C to + 200 degrees C which generally exceeded the manufacturers' specifications. In order to study the lifetime performance of these stacks, five actuators from one manufacturer were driven by a 60volt, 2 kHz sine-wave for ten billion cycles. The tests were performed using a Lab-View controlled automated data acquisition system that monitored the waveform of the stack electrical current and voltage. The measurements included the displacement, impedance, capacitance and leakage current and the analysis of the experimental results will be presented.
C1 [Sherrit, Stewart; Jones, Christopher M.; Aldrich, Jack B.; Blodget, Chad; Bao, Xiaoqi; Badescu, Mircea; Bar-Cohen, Yoseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Sherrit, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 12
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 5
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7115-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 6929
AR 692909
DI 10.1117/12.776396
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science,
Composites
SC Materials Science
GA BHW06
UT WOS:000256945900005
ER
PT J
AU Stramski, D
Reynolds, RA
Babin, M
Kaczmarek, S
Lewis, MR
Rottgers, R
Sciandra, A
Stramska, M
Twardowski, MS
Franz, BA
Claustre, H
AF Stramski, D.
Reynolds, R. A.
Babin, M.
Kaczmarek, S.
Lewis, M. R.
Roettgers, R.
Sciandra, A.
Stramska, M.
Twardowski, M. S.
Franz, B. A.
Claustre, H.
TI Relationships between the surface concentration of particulate organic
carbon and optical properties in the eastern South Pacific and eastern
Atlantic Oceans
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Review
ID BEAM ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT; CLEAREST NATURAL-WATERS; CAVITY ABSORPTION
METER; CHLOROPHYLL-A; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; LIGHT-SCATTERING; COASTAL
WATERS; BACKSCATTERING COEFFICIENT; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; DIEL VARIATIONS
AB We have examined several approaches for estimating the surface concentration of particulate organic carbon, POC, from optical measurements of spectral remote-sensing reflectance, R-rs(lambda), using field data collected in tropical and subtropical waters of the eastern South Pacific and eastern Atlantic Oceans. These approaches include a direct empirical relationship between POC and the blue-to-green band ratio of reflectance, R-rs(lambda(B)) / R-rs(555), and two-step algorithms that consist of relationships linking reflectance to an inherent optical property IOP (beam attenuation or backscattering coefficient) and POC to the IOP. We considered two-step empirical algorithms that exclusively include pairs of empirical relationships and two-step hybrid algorithms that consist of semianalytical models and empirical relationships. The surface POC in our data set ranges from about 10 mg m(-3) within the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre to 270 mgm(-3) in the Chilean upwelling area, and ancillary data suggest a considerable variation in the characteristics of particulate assemblages in the investigated waters. The POC algorithm based on the direct relationship between POC and R-rs(lambda(B)) / R-rs(555) promises reasonably good performance in the vast areas of the open ocean covering different provinces from hyperoligotrophic and oligotrophic waters within subtropical gyres to eutrophic coastal upwelling regimes characteristic of eastern ocean boundaries. The best error statistics were found for power function fits to the data of POC vs. Rrs(443) / R-rs(555) and POC vs. R-rs(490) / R-rs(555). For our data set that includes over 50 data pairs, these relationships are characterized by the mean normalized bias of about 2% and the normalized root mean square error of about 20%. We recommend that these algorithms be implemented for routine processing of ocean color satellite data to produce maps of surface POC with the status of an evaluation data product for continued work on algorithm development and refinements. The two-step algorithms also deserve further attention because they can utilize various models for estimating IOPs from reflectance, offer advantages for developing an understanding of bio-optical variability underlying the algorithms, and provide flexibility for regional or seasonal parameterizations of the algorithms.
C1 [Stramski, D.; Reynolds, R. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Babin, M.; Sciandra, A.; Claustre, H.] CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France.
[Babin, M.; Sciandra, A.; Claustre, H.] Univ Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France.
[Kaczmarek, S.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, PL-81712 Sopot, Poland.
[Lewis, M. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS BH3 4J1, Canada.
[Roettgers, R.] GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Inst Coastal Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
[Stramska, M.] San Diego State Univ, Ctr Hydro Opt & Remote Sensing, San Diego, CA 92120 USA.
[Twardowski, M. S.] WET Labs Inc, Dept Res, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
[Franz, B. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Stramski, D (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM dstramski@ucsd.edu
RI Franz, Bryan/D-6284-2012; Reynolds, Rick/C-7470-2014; Sciandra,
Antoine/D-7625-2012; CLAUSTRE, Herve/E-6877-2011
OI Franz, Bryan/0000-0003-0293-2082; Reynolds, Rick/0000-0002-1579-3600;
CLAUSTRE, Herve/0000-0001-6243-0258
NR 115
TC 117
Z9 124
U1 6
U2 38
PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS
PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU
PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PY 2008
VL 5
IS 1
BP 171
EP 201
PG 31
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 269TL
UT WOS:000253673100004
ER
PT B
AU Hunter, GW
Xu, JC
Makel, DB
AF Hunter, Gary W.
Xu, Jennifer C.
Makel, Darby B.
BE Hesketh, PJ
TI Case Studies in Chemical Sensor Development
SO BIONANOFLUIDIC MEMS
SE MEMS Reference Shelf
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Sensor; Microfabricated; MEMS; Fire; Leak; Sensor array; High
temperature; Hydrogen; Hydrocarbon; Carbon monoxide; Carbon dioxide;
Packaging; Silicon carbide
ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CO2 SENSORS; SILICON-CARBIDE; NASICON; THIN
AB The need for chemical sensor technology has increased in recent years generating the need for the development of new, advanced sensor technology. This book chapter provides a series of case studies related to the development and application of chemical sensors centering on microfabricated sensors for aerospace applications. Each case study discusses the development of a sensor or sensor system, including technology challenges, and illustrates a major theme related to chemical sensor development. These major themes suggest possible strategies that can be employed to address technical challenges in the area of sensor developmemt. The chapter closes with a discussion that goes beyond sensor development to application approaches for including sensor technology into operating systems. It is concluded that sensor technology distributed throughout the vehicle with attributes such as ease of use, reliability, and orthogonality can significantly advance intelligent systems
C1 [Hunter, Gary W.; Xu, Jennifer C.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Makel, Darby B.] Makel Engn Inc, Chico, CA 95973 USA.
RP Hunter, GW (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
NR 55
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
BN 978-0-387-46281-3
J9 MEMS REF SHELF
PY 2008
BP 197
EP 231
DI 10.1007/978-0-387-46283-7_8
D2 10.1007/978-0-387-46283-7
PG 35
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA BKE70
UT WOS:000267900200008
ER
PT B
AU Shaw, HC
Hussein, S
AF Shaw, Harry C.
Hussein, Sayed
BE Encarnacao, P
Veloso, A
TI A DNA-inspired encryption methodology for secure, Mobile Ad-hoc Networks
(MANET)
SO BIOSIGNALS 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
BIO-INSPIRED SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL II
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Conference on Bio-Inspired Systems and Signal
Processing
CY JAN 28-31, 2008
CL Funchal, PORTUGAL
SP Inst Syst & Technol Informat, Control & Commun, Univ Madeira, IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc, Special Interest Grp Artificial Intelligence, Assoc Adv Artificial Intelligence
DE encryption; DNA computing; MANET; biomimetic; molecular cryptography;
steganography; computational biology
AB Molecular biology models such as DNA evolution can provide a basis for proprietary architectures that achieve high degrees of diffusion and confusion and resistance to cryptanalysis. Proprietary encryption products can serve both large and small applications and can exist at both application and network level. This paper briefly outlines the basis of the proprietary encryption mechanism which uses the principles of DNA replication and steganography (hidden word cryptography) to produce confidential data. The foundation of the approach includes: organization of coded words and messages using base pairs organized into genes, an expandable genome consisting of DNA-based chromosome keys, and a DNA-based message encoding, replication, and evolution process. Such an encryption model provides "Security by Obscurity".
C1 [Shaw, Harry C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Shaw, HC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
EM Harry.c.shaw@nasa.gov; drsay@gwu.edu
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION
PI SETUBAL
PA AVENIDA D MANUEL L, 27A 2 ESQUERDO, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL
PY 2008
BP 472
EP 477
PG 6
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology;
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology,
Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA BHW16
UT WOS:000256983100076
ER
PT J
AU Kwon, O
Devarakonda, SB
Sankovic, JM
Banerjee, RK
AF Kwon, Ohwon
Devarakonda, Surendra B.
Sankovic, John M.
Banerjee, Rupak K.
TI Oxygen transport and consumption by suspended cells in microgravity: A
multiphase analysis
SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE rotating wall vessel; cell suspension; oxygen transport; oxygen
consumption; Eulerian multiphase
ID ROTATING-WALL VESSEL; SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY; GENE-EXPRESSION;
BIOREACTORS; DYNAMICS; CULTURE; TISSUES
AB A rotating bioreactor for the cell/tissue culture should be operated to obtain sufficient nutrient transfer and avoid damage to the culture materials. Thus, the objective of the present study is to determine the appropriate suspension conditions for the bead/cell distribution and evaluate oxygen transport in the rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor. A numerical analysis of the RWV bioreactor is conducted by incorporating the Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase and oxygen transport equations. The bead size and rotating speed are the control variables in the calculations. The present results show that the rotating speed for appropriate Suspensions needs to be increased as the size of the bead/cell increases: 10 rpm for 200 mu m; 12 rpm for 300 mu m; 14 rpm for 400 mu m; 18 rpm for 600 mu m. As the rotating speed and the bead size increase from 10 rpm/200 mu m to 18 rpm/600 mu m, the mean oxygen concentration in the 80% midzone of the vessel is increased by similar to 85% after 1-h rotation due to the high convective flow for 18 rpm/600 mu m case as compared to 10 rpm/200 pm case. The present results may serve as criteria to set the operating parameters for a RWV bioreactor, such as the size of beads and the rotating speed, according to the growth of cell aggregates. In addition, it might provide a design parameter for an advanced suspension bioreactor for 3-D engineered cell and tissue cultures.
C1 [Kwon, Ohwon; Devarakonda, Surendra B.; Banerjee, Rupak K.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
[Banerjee, Rupak K.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biomed Engn, Cincinnati, OH USA.
[Sankovic, John M.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Micrograv Sci Div, Cleveland, OH USA.
RP Banerjee, RK (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
EM Rupak.Banerjee@UC.Edu
NR 19
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 9
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0006-3592
J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG
JI Biotechnol. Bioeng.
PD JAN 1
PY 2008
VL 99
IS 1
BP 99
EP 107
DI 10.1002/bit.21542
PG 9
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA 241EN
UT WOS:000251639800011
PM 17614322
ER
PT B
AU Chague, S
Droit, B
Boulanov, O
Yanushkevich, SN
Shmerko, VP
Stoica, A
AF Chague, S.
Droit, B.
Boulanov, O.
Yanushkevich, S. N.
Shmerko, V. P.
Stoica, A.
BE Stoica, A
Arslan, T
Howard, D
Higuchi, T
ElRayis, A
TI Biometric-based decision support assistance in physical access control
systems
SO BLISS 2008: 2008 ECSIS SYMPOSIUM ON BIO-INSPIRED, LEARNING AND
INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS FOR SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Bio-Inspired, Learning and Intelligent Systems for Security
CY AUG 04-06, 2008
CL Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, ENGLAND
SP European Ctr Secure Informat & Syst, Inst Syst Level Integrat, Spiral Gateway Ltd
HO Univ Edinburgh
ID SKIN; MELANIN; INFORMATION; TEXTURE
AB This paper aims to contribute to the design of decision support for the physical access security systems. We address the problem of extracting information helpful for early detection of physiological and psycho-emotional data linked to situational awareness. Face images in visible and infrared bands acquired by the system constitute the input of the module for hyper-spectral face analysis and synthesis. The corresponding 3D models, one for video images and one for infrared, are generated by fitting the generic model onto images. The texture maps representing the hemoglobin and melanin content of the facial skin, as well as the temperature distribution, constitutes the output of the face analysis and modeling module. This information is used for evaluating the physiological and psycho-emotional states of a person.
C1 [Chague, S.; Droit, B.] Ecole Natl Super Elect Informat & Radiocommun Bor, Bordeaux, France.
[Boulanov, O.; Yanushkevich, S. N.; Shmerko, V. P.] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
[Stoica, A.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, CALTECH, Humanoid Robot Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Chague, S (reprint author), Ecole Natl Super Elect Informat & Radiocommun Bor, Bordeaux, France.
EM boulanov@ucalgary.ca; syanshk@ucalgary.ca; vshmerko@ucalgary.ca;
Adrian.Stoica@jpl.nasa.gov
FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC);
Canadian Foundation for Innovations (CFI); Government of the Province of
Alberta; Alberta Informatics Circle of Excellence (iCore)
FX This Project is partially supported by the Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Canadian Foundation
for Innovations (CFI), the Government of the Province of Alberta, and
the Alberta Informatics Circle of Excellence (iCore). A part of the
project has been implemented as an initiative within the JPLs Humanoid
Robotics Laboratory.
NR 20
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA
BN 978-0-7695-3265-3
PY 2008
BP 11
EP +
DI 10.1109/BLISS.2008.30
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Robotics; Psychology
SC Computer Science; Robotics; Psychology
GA BIF33
UT WOS:000259094200002
ER
PT B
AU Stoica, A
AF Stoica, Adrian
BE Stoica, A
Arslan, T
Howard, D
Higuchi, T
ElRayis, A
TI Towards recognition of humans and their behaviors from space and
airborne platforms: Extracting the information in the dynamics of human
shadows
SO BLISS 2008: 2008 ECSIS SYMPOSIUM ON BIO-INSPIRED, LEARNING AND
INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS FOR SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Bio-Inspired, Learning, and Intelligent Systems for
Security
CY AUG 04-06, 2008
CL Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, ENGLAND
SP European Ctr Secure Informat & Syst, Inst Syst Level Integrat, Spiral Gateway Ltd
HO Univ Edinburgh
AB This paper proposes the use of shadows and shadow dynamics for the recognition of humans and human behavior. "Shadow biometrics" may be a useful addition to the biometrics arsenal; shadows can be used in isolation, or in addition to the 'direct' (body) observation. Shadows may offer significantly more information could be obtained (larger image areas and more behavioral dynamics details) than in a direct observation of humans from above. Thus, shadow biometrics enables 'above-the-head' remote biometrics, based on which future space/airborne imaging systems may be able to recognize and track suspects (such as wanted terrorists) by analyzing shadow dynamics (e.g. gait). Beyond the recognition of humans, the movement dynamics may offer information on specific types of behavior, such as those of suicide bombers, rioters or other aggressive individuals. The paper describes the image processing and feature analysis steps and illustrates them with examples.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Stoica, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA
BN 978-0-7695-3265-3
PY 2008
BP 125
EP 128
DI 10.1109/BLISS.2008.36
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Robotics; Psychology
SC Computer Science; Robotics; Psychology
GA BIF33
UT WOS:000259094200022
ER
PT J
AU Porter, FS
Beck, BR
Beiersdorfer, P
Boyce, KR
Brown, GV
Chen, H
Gygax, J
Kahn, SM
Kelley, RL
Kilbourne, CA
Magee, E
Thorn, DB
AF Porter, F. S.
Beck, B. R.
Beiersdorfer, P.
Boyce, K. R.
Brown, G. V.
Chen, H.
Gygax, J.
Kahn, S. M.
Kelley, R. L.
Kilbourne, C. A.
Magee, E.
Thorn, D. B.
TI The XRS microcalorimeter spectrometer at the Livermore electron beam ion
trap
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap
CY NOV 13-15, 2006
CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
HO Livermore National Laboratory
ID X-RAY-EMISSION; CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENT; N=2 LINE EMISSION; THERMAL
DETECTORS; RESOLUTION; FE23+; TRANSITION; ASTRO-E2; COMETS; ARRAY
AB NASA's X-ray spectrometer (XRS) microcalorimeter instrument has been operating at the electron beam ion trap (EBIT) facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory since July of 2000. The spectrometer is currently undergoing its third major upgrade to become an easy to use and extremely high-performance instrument for a broad range of EBIT experiments. The spectrometer itself is broadband, capable of simultaneously operating from 0.1 to 12 keV and has been operated at up to 100 keV by manipulating its operating conditions. The spectral resolution closely follows the spaceflight version of the XRS, beginning at 10 eV FWHM at 6 keV in 2000, upgraded to 5.5 eV in 2003, and will hopefully be similar to 3.8 eV in the fall of 2007. Here we review the operating principles of this unique instrument, the extraordinary science that has been performed at EBIT over the last six years, and prospects for future upgrades. Specifically, we discuss upgrades to cover the high-energy band (to at least 100 keV) with a high quantum efficiency detector and prospects for using a new superconducting detector to reach 0.8 eV resolution at 1 keV and 2 eV at 6 keV with high counting rates.
C1 [Porter, F. S.; Boyce, K. R.; Brown, G. V.; Chen, H.; Gygax, J.; Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Beck, B. R.; Beiersdorfer, P.; Magee, E.; Thorn, D. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Kahn, S. M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Porter, FS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM porter@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov
RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012; Beck,
Belinda/B-9079-2008; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009
OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; Beck,
Belinda/0000-0003-1295-6395;
NR 31
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 2
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA
SN 0008-4204
EI 1208-6045
J9 CAN J PHYS
JI Can. J. Phys.
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 86
IS 1
BP 231
EP 240
DI 10.1139/P07-147
PG 10
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 271FQ
UT WOS:000253774700022
ER
PT J
AU Thorn, DB
Brown, GV
Clementson, JHT
Chen, H
Chen, M
Beiersdorfer, P
Boyce, KR
Kilbourne, CA
Porter, FS
Kelley, RL
AF Thorn, Daniel B.
Brown, Greg V.
Clementson, Joel H. T.
Chen, Hui
Chen, Mau
Beiersdorfer, Peter
Boyce, Kevin R.
Kilbourne, Caroline A.
Porter, F. Scott
Kelley, Richard L.
TI High-resolution spectroscopy of K-shell praseodymium with a high-energy
microcalorimeter
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap
CY NOV 13-15, 2006
CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
HO Livermore National Laboratory
ID HELIUM-LIKE XENON; HYDROGENLIKE; IONS; TRANSITIONS; ASTRO-E2; KRYPTON
AB We present a measurement of the K-shell spectrum of He-like through Be-like praseodymium ions trapped in the Livermore SuperEBIT electron beam ion trap using a bismuth absorber pixel on the XRS/EBIT microcalorimeter. This measurement is the first of its kind where the n = 2 to n = 1 transitions of the various charge states are spectroscopically resolved. The measured transition energies are compared with theoretical calculations from several atomic codes.
C1 [Thorn, Daniel B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Thorn, Daniel B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Brown, Greg V.; Clementson, Joel H. T.; Chen, Hui; Chen, Mau; Beiersdorfer, Peter] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Boyce, Kevin R.; Kilbourne, Caroline A.; Porter, F. Scott; Kelley, Richard L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Thorn, DB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM dbthorn@ucdavis.edu
RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012; XRAY,
SUZAKU/A-1808-2009
OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119;
NR 18
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 2
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4204
J9 CAN J PHYS
JI Can. J. Phys.
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 86
IS 1
BP 241
EP 244
DI 10.1139/P07-134
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 271FQ
UT WOS:000253774700023
ER
PT J
AU May, MJ
Beiersdorfer, P
Brown, GV
Fournier, KB
Gu, M
Hansen, SB
Schneider, M
Scofield, JH
Terracol, S
Reed, KJ
Wilson, B
Wong, KL
Boyce, KR
Kelley, R
Kilbourne, CA
Porter, FS
AF May, M. J.
Beiersdorfer, P.
Brown, G. V.
Fournier, K. B.
Gu, M.
Hansen, S. B.
Schneider, M.
Scofield, J. H.
Terracol, S.
Reed, K. J.
Wilson, B.
Wong, K. L.
Boyce, K. R.
Kelley, R.
Kilbourne, C. A.
Porter, F. S.
TI Measuring the ionization balance of gold in a low-density plasma of
importance to inertial confinement fusion
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap
CY NOV 13-15, 2006
CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
HO Livermore National Laboratory
ID BEAM ION-TRAP; CHARGE-STATE DISTRIBUTION; ELECTRON-BEAM; X-RAY;
CROSS-SECTIONS; ATOMIC PROCESSES; EXCITATION; ASTROPHYSICS;
SPECTROSCOPY; WORKSHOP
AB Charge state distributions (CSDs) have been determined in low-density (approximate to 10(12) cm(-3)) gold plasmas having either a monoenergetic beam (E(Beam) = 2.66, 3.53, 4.54, 5.35, 5.85, and 6.35 keV) or experimentally simulated thermal electron distributions (T(e) = 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 keV). These plasmas were created in the Livermore electron beam ion traps, EBIT-I and EBIT-II. Line emission and radiative recombination features of K to Kr-like gold ions were recorded in the X-ray region with a crystal spectrometer and a photometrically calibrated microcalorimeter. The CSDs in the experimentally simulated thermal plasmas were inferred by fitting the observed 4f -> 3d and 5f -> 3d lines with synthetic spectra from the Hebrew University Lawrence Livermore Atomic Code (HULLAC). Additionally, the CSDs in the beam plasmas were inferred both from fitting the line emission and fitting the radiative recombination emission to calculations from the General Relativistic Atomic Structure Program. Despite the relatively simple atomic physics in the low-density plasma, differences existed between the experimental CSDs and the simulations from several available codes (for example, RIGEL). Our experimental CSD relied upon accurate electron impact cross sections provided by HULLAC. To determine their reliability, we have experimentally determined the cross sections for several of the n = 3 -> 4 and n = 3 -> 5 excitations in Ni to Ga-like Au and compared them to distorted wave calculations. Cross-section calculations by flexible atomic code (FAC) and HULLAC were found to be very consistent. Recent Au spectra recorded during experiments at the OMEGA laser facility are presented and compared with those recorded from EBIT-I and EBIT-II. This comparison shows that spectra from the two sources are surprisingly similar despite a 10 order of magnitude difference in their respective plasma densities.
C1 [May, M. J.; Beiersdorfer, P.; Brown, G. V.; Fournier, K. B.; Gu, M.; Hansen, S. B.; Schneider, M.; Scofield, J. H.; Terracol, S.; Reed, K. J.; Wilson, B.; Wong, K. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Boyce, K. R.; Kelley, R.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Porter, F. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20700 USA.
RP May, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-95, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM may13@llnl.gov
RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012
OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119;
NR 35
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 5
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4204
J9 CAN J PHYS
JI Can. J. Phys.
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 86
IS 1
BP 251
EP 258
DI 10.1139/P07-150
PG 8
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 271FQ
UT WOS:000253774700025
ER
PT J
AU Anton, K
Crichton, DJ
Thornquist, MD
Grizzle, WE
Brenner, DE
Johnsey, D
AF Anton, Kristin
Crichton, Daniel J.
Thornquist, Mark D.
Grizzle, William E.
Brenner, Dean E.
Johnsey, Donald
TI Colon biomarker atlas: An integrated resource for EDRN GI cancer
biomarker information
SO CANCER BIOMARKERS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Anton, Kristin] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dartmouth, NS, Canada.
[Crichton, Daniel J.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Washington, DC USA.
[Grizzle, William E.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA.
[Thornquist, Mark D.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.
[Brenner, Dean E.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Johnsey, Donald] Natl Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOS PRESS
PI AMSTERDAM
PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1574-0153
J9 CANCER BIOMARK
JI Cancer Biomark.
PY 2008
VL 4
IS 3
BP 129
EP 130
PG 2
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA 365JW
UT WOS:000260403300014
ER
PT J
AU Thornquist, M
Crichton, D
AF Thornquist, Mark
Crichton, Daniel
TI EDRN knowledge environment: Design and demonstration
SO CANCER BIOMARKERS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Thornquist, Mark] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA.
[Crichton, Daniel] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOS PRESS
PI AMSTERDAM
PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1574-0153
J9 CANCER BIOMARK
JI Cancer Biomark.
PY 2008
VL 4
IS 3
BP 184
EP 184
PG 1
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA 365JW
UT WOS:000260403300112
ER
PT J
AU Baer, J
Chesley, SR
AF Baer, James
Chesley, Steven R.
TI Astrometric masses of 21 asteroids, and an integrated asteroid ephemeris
SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY
LA English
DT Article
DE N-body; asteroid; ephemerides; asteroid masses; astrometric masses;
asteroid porosity
ID MAIN BELT ASTEROIDS; 4 VESTA; ASTRONOMICAL CONSTANTS; PHOTOMETRIC DATA;
15 EUNOMIA; PALLAS; CERES; PLANETS; ORBIT; (11)-PARTHENOPE
AB We apply the technique of astrometric mass determination to measure the masses of 21 main-belt asteroids; the masses of 9 Metis (1.03 +/- 0.24 x 10(-11) M-circle dot), 17 Thetis (6.17 +/- 0.64 x 10(-13) M-circle dot), 19 Fortuna (5.41 +/- 0.76 x 10(-12) M-circle dot), and 189 Phthia (1.87 +/- 0.64 x 10(-14) M-circle dot) appear to be new. The resulting bulk porosities of 11 Parthenope (12 +/- 4%) and 16 Psyche (46 +/- 16%) are smaller than previously-reported values. Empirical expressions modeling bulk density as a function of mean radius are presented for the C and S taxonomic classes. To accurately model the forces on these asteroids during the mass determination process, we created an integrated ephemeris of the 300 large asteroids used in preparing the DE-405 planetary ephemeris; this new BC-405 integrated asteroid ephemeris also appears useful in other high-accuracy applications.
C1 [Baer, James] Univ South, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA.
[Chesley, Steven R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Baer, J (reprint author), Univ South, 1400 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA.
EM jimbaer1@earthlink.net; steve.chesley@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 61
TC 33
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0923-2958
EI 1572-9478
J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR
JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron.
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 100
IS 1
BP 27
EP 42
DI 10.1007/s10569-007-9103-8
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics
GA 250BD
UT WOS:000252274100002
ER
PT S
AU de Nolfo, GA
Hunter, SD
Barbier, LM
Link, JT
Son, S
Floyd, SR
Guardala, N
Skopec, M
Stark, B
AF de Nolfo, G. A.
Hunter, S. D.
Barbier, L. M.
Link, J. T.
Son, S.
Floyd, S. R.
Guardala, N.
Skopec, M.
Stark, B.
BE Fountain III, AW
Gardner, PJ
TI Gamma-ray imaging for explosives detection - art. no. 695404
SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE)
SENSING IX
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 9th Annual Conference for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear,
and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing
CY MAR 18-20, 2008
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE micro-well detector (MWD); gamma-ray imaging camera (GIC); WGPu; HEU
ID MICRO-WELL DETECTORS
AB We describe a gamma-ray imaging camera (GIC) for active interrogation of explosives being developed by NASA/GSFC and NSWC/Carderock. The GIC is based on the Three-dimensional Track Imager (3-DTI) technology developed at GSFC for gamma-ray astrophysics. The 3-DTI, a large volume. time-projection chamber, provides accurate, similar to 0.4 mm resolution, 3-D tracking of charged particles. The incident direction of gamma rays, E-gamma > 6 MeV, are reconstructed from the momenta and energies of the electron-positron pair resulting from interactions in the 3-DTI volume. The optimization of the 3-DTI technology for this specific application and the performance of the GIC from laboratory tests is presented.
C1 [de Nolfo, G. A.; Son, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP de Nolfo, GA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Hunter, Stanley/D-2942-2012; de Nolfo, Georgia/E-1500-2012
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7145-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 6954
BP 95404
EP 95404
DI 10.1117/12.777176
PG 7
WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy
GA BHY71
UT WOS:000257481800003
ER
PT S
AU Hug, WF
Reid, RD
Bhartia, R
Lane, AL
AF Hug, W. F.
Reid, R. D.
Bhartia, R.
Lane, A. L.
BE Fountain III, AW
Gardner, PJ
TI A new miniature, hand-held, solar-blind, reagentless standoff chemical,
biological and explosives (CBE) sensor
SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE)
SENSING IX
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 9th Annual Conference for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear,
and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing
CY MAR 18-20, 2008
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE deep UV Raman & native fluorescence; chemical; biological; explosives
detection and classification
ID UV RESONANCE RAMAN; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; CELLS
AB Improvised explosive devices (IEDs), vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices (VBIEDs), and suicide bombers are a major threat to many countries and their citizenry. The ability to detect trace levels of these threats with a miniature, hand-held, reagentless, standoff sensor represents a major improvement in the state of the art of CBE surface sensors.
Photon Systems, Inc., in collaboration with Jet Propulsion Laboratory, recently demonstrated a new technology hand-held sensor for reagentless, close-range, standoff detection and identification of trace levels CBE materials on surfaces. This targeted ultraviolet CBE (TUCBE) sensor is the result of an Army Phase I STTR program. The resulting 51b, 5W, flashlight-sized sensor can discriminate CBE from background materials using a combination of deep UV excited resonance Raman (RR) and laser induced native fluorescence (LINF) emissions resulting from excitation by a new technology deep UV laser. Detection and identification is accomplished in less than 1ms. Standoff excitation of suspicious packages, vehicles, persons, and other objects that may contain hazardous materials is accomplished using wavelengths below 250nm where Raman and native fluorescence emissions occupy distinctly different wavelength regions. This enables simultaneous detection of RR and LINF emissions with no interferences. The sensor employs fused RR/LINF chemometric methods to extract the identity of targeted materials from background clutter.
Photon Systems has demonstrated detection and identification of 100ng/cm2 of explosives materials at a distance of I meter using a sensor with 3.8 cm optical aperture. Expansion of the optical aperture to 38 cm in a lantern-sized sensor will enable similar detection and identification of CBE materials at standoff distances of 10 meters. As a result of excitation and detection in the deep UV and the use of a gated detection system, the sensor is solar blind and can operate in full daylight conditions.
C1 [Hug, W. F.; Bhartia, R.; Lane, A. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Hug, WF (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 13
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7145-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 6954
AR 69540I
DI 10.1117/12.769055
PG 9
WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy
GA BHY71
UT WOS:000257481800014
ER
PT S
AU Hunter, SD
de Nolf, GA
Barbier, LM
Link, JT
Son, S
Floyd, SR
Guardala, N
Skopec, M
Stark, B
AF Hunter, S. D.
de Nolf, G. A.
Barbier, L. M.
Link, J. T.
Son, S.
Floyd, S. R.
Guardala, N.
Skopec, M.
Stark, B.
BE Fountain III, AW
Gardner, PJ
TI Neutron Imaging Camera
SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE)
SENSING IX
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 9th Annual Conference for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear,
and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing
CY MAR 18-20, 2008
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE micro-well detector (MWD); Neutron Imaging Camera (NIC); WGPu; HEU
ID MICRO-WELL DETECTORS
AB The Neutron Imaging Camera (NIC) is based on the Three-dimensional Track Imager (3-DTI) technology developed at GSFC for gamma-ray astrophysics applications. The 3-DTI, a large volume time-projection chamber, provides accurate, similar to 0.4 mm resolution, 3-D tracking of charged particles. The incident direction of fast neutrons, E(n) > 0.5 MeV, are reconstructed from the momenta and energies of the proton and triton fragments resulting from (3)He(n,p)(3)H interactions in the 3-DTI volume. The performance of the NIC from laboratory is presented.
C1 [Hunter, S. D.; Barbier, L. M.; Floyd, S. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Hunter, SD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Hunter, Stanley/D-2942-2012
NR 8
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7145-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 6954
AR 695415
DI 10.1117/12.777167
PG 7
WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy
GA BHY71
UT WOS:000257481800035
ER
PT J
AU Varotto, A
Todaro, L
Vinodu, M
Koehne, J
Liu, GY
Drain, CM
AF Varotto, Alessandro
Todaro, Louis
Vinodu, Mikki
Koehne, Jessica
Liu, Gang-yu
Drain, Charles M.
TI Self-organization of a new fluorous porphyrin and C(60) films on
indium-tin-oxide electrode
SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; FULLERENES
AB The highly fluorinated alkyl moieties of a new porphyrin drive the self-organization of thin films with C(60) on ITO electrodes.
C1 [Varotto, Alessandro; Todaro, Louis; Vinodu, Mikki; Drain, Charles M.] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, New York, NY 10065 USA.
[Varotto, Alessandro; Todaro, Louis; Vinodu, Mikki; Drain, Charles M.] CUNY Hunter Coll, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10065 USA.
[Koehne, Jessica; Liu, Gang-yu] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Koehne, Jessica] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Aerosp Mat & Devices, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Drain, Charles M.] Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10065 USA.
RP Drain, CM (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA.
EM cdrain@hunter.cuny.edu
FU NSF [CHE-0554703, DMR 0421521]; National Science Foundation; National
Institutes of Health; RCMI program [G12-RR-03037]; City University of
New York
FX We thank Dr Joao Tome for assistance with NMR spectroscopy, Dr Clifford
Soll for assistance with mass spectrometry, and Alan Hicklin of SIF at
UC Davis for his aid in the combined confocal and AFM studies. This work
was supported by NSF grants to CMD (CHE-0554703) and to GYL (UC Davis,
NSF DMR 0421521). Hunter College science infrastructure is supported by
the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health,
including the RCMI program (G12-RR-03037) and the City University of New
York.
NR 21
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 16
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-7345
J9 CHEM COMMUN
JI Chem. Commun.
PY 2008
IS 40
BP 4921
EP 4923
DI 10.1039/b806795c
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 365MP
UT WOS:000260411000015
PM 18931739
ER
PT S
AU Allamandola, LJ
AF Allamandola, Louis J.
BE Zaikowski, L
Friedrich, JM
TI Chemical Evolution in the Interstellar Medium: Feedstock of Solar
Systems
SO CHEMICAL EVOLUTION ACROSS SPACE AND TIME: FROM THE BIG BANG TO PREBIOTIC
CHEMISTRY
SE ACS Symposium Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Spring National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY 2007
CL Chicago, IL
SP ACS, Dowling Coll, Fordham Univ, Meteoritical Soc, Natl Sci Fdn
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DENSE MOLECULAR CLOUDS; COMETARY ICE
ANALOGS; SIDE-GROUP ADDITION; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOLYSIS; DEUTERIUM
ENRICHMENT; ABSORPTION FEATURES; INFRARED-EMISSION; FACILE GENERATION;
ORGANIC-MOLECULES
AB Great strides have been made in our understanding of interstellar material thanks to advances in infrared and radio astronomy and laboratory astrophysics. Ionized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), shockingly large molecules by earlier astrochemical standards, are widespread and very abundant throughout much of the cosmos. In cold molecular clouds, the birthplace of planets and stars, interstellar atoms and molecules freeze onto dust and ice particles forming mixed molecular ices dominated by simple species such as water, methanol, ammonia, and carbon monoxide. The interplay between the gas and the dust leads to a very rich chemistry in these clouds. Within these clouds, and especially in the vicinity of star and planet forming regions, these ices and PAHs are processed by ultraviolet light and cosmic rays forming hundreds of far more complex species, some of biogenic interest. Eventually, these are delivered to primordial planets by comets and meteorites. The chemical context, highlights of this field from a chemist's perspective, and the astronomer's infrared toolbox will be reviewed.
C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Mountain View, CA 94305 USA.
RP Allamandola, LJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrochem Lab, MS 245-6, Mountain View, CA 94305 USA.
NR 70
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0097-6156
BN 978-0-8412-7431-0
J9 ACS SYM SER
JI ACS Symp. Ser.
PY 2008
VL 981
BP 80
EP 110
PG 31
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA BUX37
UT WOS:000290566000005
ER
PT J
AU Wu, KW
Fuerst, SV
Mizuno, Y
Nishikawa, KI
Branduardi-Raymond, G
Lee, KG
AF Wu, Kinwah
Fuerst, Steven V.
Mizuno, Yosuke
Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi
Branduardi-Raymond, Graziella
Lee, Khee-Gan
TI General Relativistic Radiative Transfer: Applications to Black-Hole
Systems
SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy
Cosmic Sources
CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2007
CL Vulcano, ITALY
SP iAG, INAF, INTA, CESR, CNRS, Univ Tubingen, Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm, IASF Roma, INAF, Dept Programas Espciales Cien Espac, DPECE INTA Madrid, E O Hulburt Ctr Space Res, HCA NRL, Max Planck Inst Extraterrestr Phys, MPE, St John Coll, CNRS UPS OMP, Ctr Etude Spatiale Rayoonnements, Inst Astron Astrophys, Univ SAND I
DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; galaxies: active;
radiative transfer; relativity
ID ACCRETION DISK; EMISSION; LINES
AB We present general relativistic radiation transfer formulations which include opacity effects due to absorption, emission and scattering explicitly. We consider a moment expansion for the transfer formulation in the presence of scattering. The formulation is applied to calculations of emissions from accretion and outflows in black-hole systems. Cases with thin accretion disks and accretion tori are considered. Effects, such as emission anisotropy, non-stationary flows and geometrical self-occupation are investigated. Polarisation transfer in curved space-time is discussed qualitatively.
C1 [Wu, Kinwah; Branduardi-Raymond, Graziella; Lee, Khee-Gan] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England.
[Fuerst, Steven V.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
[Mizuno, Yosuke; Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi] NASA, MSFC NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
[Lee, Khee-Gan] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Wu, KW (reprint author), Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England.
EM kw@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; sfuerst@stanford.edu
RI Mizuno, Yosuke/D-5656-2017
OI Mizuno, Yosuke/0000-0002-8131-6730
NR 17
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1009-9271
J9 CHINESE J ASTRON AST
JI Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys.
PY 2008
VL 8
BP 226
EP 236
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 380VI
UT WOS:000261493700026
ER
PT B
AU Jones, JA
Ciftcioglu, N
McKay, D
AF Jones, Jeffrey A.
Ciftcioglu, Neva
McKay, David
BE Shoskes, DA
TI The Role of Nanobacteria/Calcifying Nanoparticles in Prostate Disease
SO CHRONIC PROSTATITIS/CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN SYNDROME
SE Current Clinical Urology
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Nanobacteria; nanoparticles; calcification; prostatitis; calcifying
nanoparticles inflammation
ID PELVIC PAIN SYNDROME; KIDNEY-STONE FORMATION; CALCIFYING NANOPARTICLES;
STRESS PROSTATITIS; MARTIAN METEORITE; ZOLEDRONIC ACID; PSAMMOMA BODIES;
OVARIAN-CANCER; IN-VITRO; CELL
AB The etiology of nonbacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome remain elusive and therefore therapy nonspecific, mainly targeting symptom reduction. If an etiology Could be identified, then more specific therapy, targeting, the source, could be developed. Acute and chronic prostatitis and other chronic prostate conditions are often associated with evidence of inflammation, either acute, chronic, or both, as well as development of other histologic findings, such as corpora amylacea, which contain calcium phosphate, aka apatite. There have been a number of chronic conditions/diseases that were originally classified as idiopathic or noninfectious, such as peptic Ulcer disease, which were later discovered to be infectious in origin. Could such be the case for nonbacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) Calcifying nanoparticles (CNP), aka nanobacteria (NB) are small (50-200 nm), self-replicating entities that can be found in animal and human serum, urine, and tissue and produce an outer shell of apatite. What is the likelihood that the CNPs are associated with the development of inflammatory conditions of the prostate and possibly in the development of chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome? This chapter will examine the controversy Surrounding NB/CNP, as well as the evidence for CNP association with human genitourinary diseases especially that of the prostate.
C1 [Jones, Jeffrey A.; McKay, David] Baylor Coll Med, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
[Ciftcioglu, Neva] Nanobac Pharmaceut Inc, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA.
RP Jones, JA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
NR 142
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU HUMANA PRESS INC
PI TOTOWA
PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA
BN 978-1-934115-27-5
J9 CURR CLIN UROL
PY 2008
BP 221
EP 243
DI 10.1007/978-1-59745-472-8_17
D2 10.1007/978-1-59745-472-8
PG 23
WC Urology & Nephrology
SC Urology & Nephrology
GA BJR04
UT WOS:000267015700017
ER
PT B
AU Quweider, MK
Scargle, JD
AF Quweider, Mahmoud K.
Scargle, Jeffrey D.
BE Li, D
Deng, G
TI Adaptive impulse noise removal using a cost function based optimal
partitioning
SO CISP 2008: FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING,
VOL 3, PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Congress on Image and Signal Processing
CY MAY 27-30, 2008
CL Sanya, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Tianjin Univ Technol
ID MEDIAN FILTERS; ALGORITHMS; DETECTOR; IMAGES
AB This paper presents a new impulse noise detection and removal technique based on applying dynamic optimal partitioning (OP) to a set of neighborhoods of a pixel whose noise identity is in question. Using the nature of the impulse noise, and by gathering collaborating information from different directions around it, a pixel is deemed either noisy or normal. If the pixel is classified as noise, then a median-based noise filtering technique, or any other appropriate filtering technique, is applied; otherwise, the pixel is considered normal and left unaltered. The noise detection algorithm uses an effective dynamic optimal partitiong technique that incorporates a noise-based cost function and works for any size of neighborhood without any major algorithmic adjustments. Different cost functions are introduced for the algorithm with simulation results that show the detector's effectiveness in the presence of low to moderate impulse noise levels.
C1 [Quweider, Mahmoud K.] Univ Texas Brownsville, Dept CS CIS, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA.
[Scargle, Jeffrey D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Quweider, MK (reprint author), Univ Texas Brownsville, Dept CS CIS, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA
BN 978-0-7695-3119-9
PY 2008
BP 270
EP 274
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA BIE09
UT WOS:000258872900054
ER
PT S
AU Mahabal, A
Djorgovski, SG
Williams, R
Drake, A
Donalek, C
Graham, M
Moghaddam, B
Turmon, M
Jewell, J
Khosla, A
Hensley, B
AF Mahabal, A.
Djorgovski, S. G.
Williams, R.
Drake, A.
Donalek, C.
Graham, M.
Moghaddam, B.
Turmon, M.
Jewell, J.
Khosla, A.
Hensley, B.
BE BailerJones, CAL
TI Towards Real-time Classification of Astronomical Transients
SO CLASSIFICATION AND DISCOVERY IN LARGE ASTRONOMICAL SURVEYS
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Classification and Discovery in Large
Astronomical Surveys
CY OCT 14-17, 2008
CL Ringberg Castle, GERMANY
SP Max Planck Inst Astron, Max Planck Gesell, DFG, Emmy Noether Programme
DE Transients; Classification; Bayesian Techniques; Machine Learning
ID SUPERNOVA
AB Exploration of tithe domain is now a vibrant area of research in astronomy, driven by the advent of digital synoptic sky surveys. While panoramic surveys can detect variable or transient events, typically some follow-up observations are needed; for short-lived phenomena, a rapid response is essential. Ability to automatically classify and prioritize transient events for follow-tip studies becomes critical as the data rates increase. We have been developing such methods using the data streams from the Palomar-Quest survey, the Catalina Sky Survey and others, using the VOEventNet framework The goal is to automatically classify transient events, using the new measurements, combined with archival data (previous and multi-wavelength measurements), and contextual information (e.g., Galactic or ecliptic latitude, presence of a possible host galaxy nearby, etc.); and to iterate them dynamically as the follow-up data come in (e.g., light curves or colors). We have been investigating Baycsian methodologies for classification, as well as discriminated follow-up to optimize the use of available resources, including Naive Bayesian approach, and the non-parametric Gaussian process regression. We will also be deploying variants of the traditional machine learning techniques such as Neural Nets and Support Vector Machines on datasets of reliably classified transient: as they build up.
C1 [Mahabal, A.; Djorgovski, S. G.; Williams, R.; Drake, A.; Donalek, C.; Graham, M.; Khosla, A.; Hensley, B.] CALTECH, MC 105-24,1200 E Calif Bl, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Moghaddam, B.; Turmon, M.; Jewell, J.] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Mahabal, A (reprint author), CALTECH, MC 105-24,1200 E Calif Bl, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
OI Hensley, Brandon/0000-0001-7449-4638
FU NSF [AST-0407448, AST-0326524, CNS-0540369]; Ajax Foundation; Caltech
SURF program
FX We are grateful to the staff of Palomar Observatory for their help, and
to our collaborators in PQ and CSS survey teams. This work was supported
in part by the NSF grants AST-0407448, AST-0326524, and CNS-0540369, and
by the Ajax Foundation. A.K. and B.H. were supported in part by the
Caltech SURF program.
NR 20
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0613-1
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1082
BP 287
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIT67
UT WOS:000262629900045
ER
PT S
AU Bronnimann, S
Ewen, T
Luterbacher, J
Diaz, HF
Stolarski, RS
Neu, U
AF Broennimann, S.
Ewen, T.
Luterbacher, J.
Diaz, H. F.
Stolarski, R. S.
Neu, U.
BE Bronnimann, S
Luterbacher, J
Ewen, T
Diaz, HF
Stolarski, RS
Neu, U
TI A focus on climate during the past 100 years
SO CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND EXTREMES DURING THE PAST 100 YEARS
SE Advances in Global Change Research
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Climate Variability and Extremes in the Past 100 Years
CY JUL 24-26, 2006
CL Thun, SWITZERLAND
SP Swiss RE NCCR Climate, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, ProClim, Univ Bern, Max & Elsa Beer Brawand Fdn
ID SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; EUROPEAN SUMMER; SEA-LEVEL;
NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; SOLAR-CYCLE; VARIABILITY;
TRENDS; OCEAN; PRESSURE
AB The past 100 years are a key period for understanding climate variability and climate change as it marks the changeover from a climate system dominated by natural influences to one significantly dominated by anthropogenic activities. This volume is a compilation of contributions to a workshop dealing with different aspects of climate change, variability, and extremes during the past 100 years. The individual contributions cover a broad range of topics, from the re-evaluation of historical marine data to the effect of solar variability on the stratosphere. In this introductory chapter we provide an overview of the book in the context of recent research.
C1 [Broennimann, S.; Ewen, T.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Luterbacher, J.] Univ Bern, NCCR Climate & Oeschger Ctr, Climate Change Res & Inst Geog, Bern, Switzerland.
[Diaz, H. F.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA.
[Stolarski, R. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Neu, U.] ProClim, Bern, Switzerland.
RP Bronnimann, S (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
EM stefan.broniiimann@env.ethz.ch; tracy.ewen@env.ethz.ch;
juerg@giub.unibe.ch; henry.f.diaz@noaa.gov;
Richard.S.Stolarski@nasa.gov; neu@scnat.ch
RI Bronnimann, Stefan/A-5737-2008
FU Swiss National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy; NCCR
Climate; Swiss RE; Max and Elsa Beer-Brawand Foundation; ProClim
FX SB, TE, and JL were funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation; HFD
was supported by a grant from the US Department of Energy. We would like
to acknowledge NCCR Climate, Swiss RE, the Max and Elsa Beer-Brawand
Foundation, the Swiss National Science Foundation, and ProClim for
sponsoring the meeting and the Gwatt Centre (Switzerland) for hosting
the workshop and providing the photo in Fig. 9. Mark Baldwin provided
the NAM data (Fig. 11). We also thank the Climatic Research Unit (Univ.
East Anglia, UK), the UK Met Office, MeteoSwiss, and the NASA TOMS team
for providing data. The paper was sent to all contributors of this
volume, and we thankfully included all of their comments
NR 88
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U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1574-0919
BN 978-1-4020-6765-5
J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES
JI Adv. Glob. Change Res.
PY 2008
VL 33
BP 1
EP +
DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6766-2_1
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA BHL31
UT WOS:000254027000001
ER
PT S
AU Bronnimann, S
Vogler, C
Staehelin, J
Stolarski, R
Hansen, G
AF Broennimann, S.
Vogler, C.
Staehelin, J.
Stolarski, R.
Hansen, G.
BE Bronnimann, S
Luterbacher, J
Ewen, T
Diaz, HF
Stolarski, RS
Neu, U
TI Total ozone observations during the past 80 years
SO CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND EXTREMES DURING THE PAST 100 YEARS
SE Advances in Global Change Research
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Climate Variability and Extremes in the Past 100 Years
CY JUL 24-26, 2006
CL Thun, SWITZERLAND
SP Swiss RE NCCR Climate, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, ProClim, Univ Bern, Max & Elsa Beer Brawand Fdn
ID ATMOSPHERIC OZONE; HISTORY; DEPLETION; TRENDS
AB Ozone plays a key role in the physics and chemistry of the atmosphere. Total ozone, that is, the amount of ozone in an air column, is therefore a variable of vital climatic and environmental importance. The operational measurement of total ozone reaches back to the pioneering work of G. M. B. Dobson in the 1920s. Here, we give a brief overview of total ozone observations during the past 80 years, including the development of ground-based monitoring networks as well as the more recent satellite sensors. We summarize the measurement techniques, the available data as well as issues related to quality and comparability.
C1 [Broennimann, S.; Vogler, C.; Staehelin, J.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Stolarski, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Hansen, G.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Tromso, Norway.
RP Bronnimann, S (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
EM stefan.bronnimann@env.ethz.ch; christian.vogier@alumni.ethz.ch;
johannes.staehelin@env.ethz.ch; Richard.S.Stolarski@nasa.gov;
ghh@nilu.no
RI Bronnimann, Stefan/A-5737-2008; Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013
OI Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012
FU Swiss National Science Foundation; NASA TOMS Science Team; US OMI
Science Team.
FX SB and CV were funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation. RS was
funded by the NASA TOMS Science Team and the US OMI Science Team.
NR 28
TC 1
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U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1574-0919
BN 978-1-4020-6765-5
J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES
JI Adv. Glob. Change Res.
PY 2008
VL 33
BP 129
EP +
DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6766-2_8
PG 3
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA BHL31
UT WOS:000254027000008
ER
PT S
AU Jackman, CH
Fleming, EL
AF Jackman, C. H.
Fleming, E. L.
BE Bronnimann, S
Luterbacher, J
Ewen, T
Diaz, HF
Stolarski, RS
Neu, U
TI Stratospheric ozone variations caused by solar proton events between
1963 and 2005
SO CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND EXTREMES DURING THE PAST 100 YEARS
SE Advances in Global Change Research
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Climate Variability and Extremes in the Past 100 Years
CY JUL 24-26, 2006
CL Thun, SWITZERLAND
SP Swiss RE NCCR Climate, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, ProClim, Univ Bern, Max & Elsa Beer Brawand Fdn
ID EARTHS MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; 2-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; ODD NITROGEN;
NITRIC-OXIDE; PARTICLE EVENTS; OCTOBER 1989; CHEMISTRY; MESOSPHERE;
SIMULATIONS; OXYGEN
AB Some solar eruptions lead to solar proton events (SPEs) at the Earth, which typically last a few days. High energy solar protons associated with SPEs precipitate on the Earth's atmosphere and cause increases in odd hydrogen (HOx) and odd nitrogen (NOy) in the polar cap regions (> 60 degrees geomagnetic). The enhanced HOx leads to short-lived ozone depletion (similar to days) due to the short lifetime of HOx constituents. The enhanced NOy leads to long-lived ozone changes because of the long lifetime of the NOy family in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere. Very large SPEs occurred in 1972, 1989, 2000, 2001, and 2003 and were predicted to cause maximum total ozone depletions of 1-3%, which lasted for several months to years past the events. A long-term data set of solar proton fluxes used in these computations has been compiled for the time period 1963-2005. Several satellites, including the NASA Interplanetary Monitoring Platforms (1963-1993) and the NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (1994-2005), have been used to compile this data set.
C1 [Jackman, C. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Zigh Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Code 613-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Fleming, E. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Jackman, CH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Zigh Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Code 613-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Charles.H.Jackman@nasa.gov; fleming@kahuna.nasa.gov
RI Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012
FU NASA Living with a Star Targeted Research and Technology Program; NASA
Atmospheric Composition Data and Analysis Program
FX This work was supported by the NASA Living with a Star Targeted Research
and Technology Program and the NASA Atmospheric Composition Data and
Analysis Program. We thank the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform and
NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite teams for
providing the solar proton flux data. We thank two anonymous reviewers
for valuable comments and suggested changes, which have led to an
improved manuscript.
NR 41
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U1 1
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1574-0919
BN 978-1-4020-6765-5
J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES
JI Adv. Glob. Change Res.
PY 2008
VL 33
BP 333
EP +
DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6766-2_23
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA BHL31
UT WOS:000254027000023
ER
PT J
AU Roithova, J
Ricketts, CL
Schroder, D
AF Roithova, Jana
Ricketts, Claire L.
Schroeder, Detlef
TI ON THE C-C COUPLING OF THE NAPHTHYLIUM ION WITH METHANE
SO COLLECTION OF CZECHOSLOVAK CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Benzotropylium; C-C coupling; Mass spectrometry; Methane activation;
Naphthylium ion
ID DEPENDENT MASS-SPECTRA; BOND-FORMING PROCESSES; GAS-PHASE; RADICAL
CATIONS; HYDROCARBON DICATIONS; INTERSTELLAR INTEREST; BIMOLECULAR
REACTIONS; MOLECULAR DICATIONS; REACTION-MECHANISMS; REACTIONS RELEVANT
AB Unlike other medium-sized hydrocarbon cations CmHn+ ( m = 7-11, n = 6-12), the naphthylium ion C10H7+ undergoes a thermal reaction with methane to form the C-C coupled product C11H9+ concomitant with dehydrogenation. This reaction, which might be of relevance in the context of the growth of hydrocarbon species under extreme conditions, is suggested to lead to a benzylium-type cation in analogy to the C-C coupling of phenyl cations with methane.
C1 [Roithova, Jana; Ricketts, Claire L.; Schroeder, Detlef] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, CR-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
[Roithova, Jana] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Organ Chem, Prague 12843 2, Czech Republic.
[Ricketts, Claire L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Schroder, D (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, Flemingovo Nam 2, CR-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
EM jana.roithova@natur.cuni.cz; claire.l.ricketts@googlemail.com;
detlef.schroeder@uochb.cas.cz
RI Roithova, Jana/A-5858-2015
OI Roithova, Jana/0000-0001-5144-0688
FU L'Oreal; Czech Academy of Sciences [Z40550506]; Ministry of Education,
Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [MSM0021620857]
FX This work was supported by a L'Oreal 'For Women in Science' stipend for
J. Roithova. Further support was provided by the Czech Academy of
Sciences (Z40550506) and the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of
the Czech Republic (MSM0021620857). The authors thank Dr D. Ascenzi for
a reprint of ref.40 and Prof. S. K. Shin for a reprint of
ref.50.
NR 52
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U1 0
U2 3
PU INST ORGANIC CHEM AND BIOCHEM
PI PRAGUE 6
PA ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC, FLEMINGOVO NAM 2, PRAGUE 6 166 10, CZECH
REPUBLIC
SN 0010-0765
EI 1212-6950
J9 COLLECT CZECH CHEM C
JI Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun.
PY 2008
VL 73
IS 6-7
BP 811
EP 821
DI 10.1135/cccc20080811
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 367FA
UT WOS:000260536700007
ER
PT J
AU Sunderland, PB
Haylett, JE
Urban, DL
Nayagam, V
AF Sunderland, Peter B.
Haylett, James E.
Urban, David L.
Nayagam, Vedha
TI Lengths of laminar jet diffusion flames under elevated gravity
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article
DE centrifuge; flame shape; microgravity; slot burner; soot
ID SOOT FORMATION; SHAPES; PREDICTION; OXYGEN; SIZES
AB There are two prevalent scaling relationships for lengths of laminar jet diffusion flames on circular burners. Experimental studies of earth-gravity and microgravity flames generally invoke a linear relationship between normalized flame length and Reynolds number. In contrast, most studies conducted at elevated gravity have correlated flame lengths with a function of Reynolds and Froude numbers. An important distinction between these scalings is that the Reynolds scaling indicates that stoichiometric flame length is independent of gravity level, whereas the Reynolds-Froude scaling indicates that length decreases with increased gravity. The present work examines the ability of both approaches to correlate laminar hydrogen, methane, ethane, and propane flame lengths for a range of 1-15 times earth gravity. The Reynolds scaling is shown to accurately correlate the length measurements at both earth gravity and elevated gravity. The Reynolds-Froude scaling also correlates the measurements, but its theoretical basis is less rigorous, it does not account as accurately for variations in fuel flowrate, it does not admit microgravity flames, and past predictions of its behavior at low and high Froude number are not supported even with the present extension of Froude number to over eight orders of magnitude. It is shown that the observed reduction in luminosity), length at elevated gravity can be attributed to soot interference and that stoichiometric flame length is independent of gravity except in the approach to microgravity. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute.
C1 [Sunderland, Peter B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Fire Protect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Haylett, James E.; Nayagam, Vedha] Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Urban, David L.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Sunderland, PB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Fire Protect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM pbs@umd.edu
OI Sunderland, Peter/0000-0002-8262-7100
NR 34
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0010-2180
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 152
IS 1-2
BP 60
EP 68
DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2007.08.011
PG 9
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 253EM
UT WOS:000252501500005
ER
PT J
AU Krishnan, SS
Abshire, JM
Sunderland, PB
Yuan, ZG
Gore, JP
AF Krishnan, S. S.
Abshire, J. M.
Sunderland, P. B.
Yuan, Z. -G.
Gore, J. P.
TI Analytical predictions of shapes of laminar diffusion flames in
microgravity and earth gravity
SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE flame shapes; Roper model; microgravity; inverse diffusion flames;
oxygen enhanced
ID JET; SOOT; SIZES
AB Flame shape is an important observed characteristic of flames that can be used to scale flame properties such as heat release rates and radiation. Flame shape is affected by fuel type, oxygen levels in the oxidiser, inverse burning and gravity. The objective of this study is to understand the effect of high oxygen concentrations, inverse burning, and gravity on the predictions of flame shapes. Flame shapes are obtained from recent analytical models and compared with experimental data for a number of inverse and normal ethane flame configurations with varying oxygen concentrations in the oxidiser and under earth gravity and microgravity conditions. The Roper flame shape model was extended to predict the complete flame shapes of laminar gas jet normal and inverse diffusion flames on round burners. The Spalding model was extended to inverse diffusion flames. The results show that the extended Roper model results in reasonable predictions for all microgravity and earth gravity flames except for enhanced oxygen normal diffusion flames under earth gravity conditions. The results also show trends towards cooler flames in microgravity that are in line with past experimental observations. Some key characteristics of the predicted flame shapes and parameters needed to describe the flame shape using the extended Roper model are discussed.
C1 [Krishnan, S. S.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Purdue Sch Engn & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
[Abshire, J. M.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Manassas, VA 20110 USA.
[Sunderland, P. B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Fire Protect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Yuan, Z. -G.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Gore, J. P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Krishnan, SS (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Purdue Sch Engn & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
EM sskris@iupui.edu
OI Sunderland, Peter/0000-0002-8262-7100
NR 33
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1364-7830
J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL
JI Combust. Theory Model.
PY 2008
VL 12
IS 4
BP 605
EP 620
DI 10.1080/13647830801966146
PG 16
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics,
Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics
GA 328IH
UT WOS:000257791200001
ER
PT J
AU Kuang, WJ
Tangborn, A
Jiang, WY
Liu, D
Sun, ZB
Bloxham, J
Wei, ZG
AF Kuang, Weijia
Tangborn, Andrew
Jiang, Weiyuan
Liu, Don
Sun, Zhibin
Bloxham, Jeremy
Wei, Zigang
TI MoSST_DAS: The first generation geomagnetic data assimilation framework
SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE geomagnetism; geodynamo; data assimilation; ensemble forecasting
ID SECULAR VARIATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; DIPOLE-MOMENT; MODEL; CONVECTION;
CORE; GEODYNAMO; DYNAMOS; MANTLE
AB Constraining numerical geodynamo models with surface geomagnetic observations is very important in many respects: it directly helps to improve numerical geodynamo models, and expands their geophysical applications beyond geomagnetism. A successful approach to integrate observations with numerical models is data assimilation, in which Bayesian algorithms are used to combine observational data with model outputs, so that the modified solutions can then be used as initial conditions for forecasts of future physical states. In this paper, we present the first geomagnetic data assimilation framework, which comprises the MoSST core dynamics model, a newly developed data assimilation component (based on ensemble covariance estimation and optimal interpolation), and geomagnetic field models based on paleo, archeo, historical and modern geomagnetic data. The overall architecture, mathematical formulation, numerical algorithms and computational techniques of the framework are discussed. Initial results with 100-year geomagnetic data assimilation and with synthetic data assimilation are presented to demonstrate the operation of the system.
C1 [Kuang, Weijia] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Tangborn, Andrew; Jiang, Weiyuan; Liu, Don; Wei, Zigang] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Sun, Zhibin] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Bloxham, Jeremy] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Kuang, WJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Weijia.Kuang-1@nasa.gov; Tangborn@gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov; jiangw@umbc.edu;
donliu@LaTech.edu; sunzhib1@umbc.edu; Jeremy-bloxham@harvard.edu;
magstorm@umbc.edu
RI Kuang, Weijia/K-5141-2012
OI Kuang, Weijia/0000-0001-7786-6425
NR 29
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 2
PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS
PI WANCHAI
PA ROOM 2303, OFFICER TOWER, CONVENTION PLAZA, 1 HARBOUR ROAD, WANCHAI,
HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1815-2406
J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS
JI Commun. Comput. Phys.
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 3
IS 1
BP 85
EP 108
PG 24
WC Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 251JA
UT WOS:000252368000006
ER
PT J
AU Launius, RD
AF Launius, Roger D.
BE Pursell, C
TI Technology in Space
SO COMPANION TO AMERICAN TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Launius, Roger D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Div Space Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
[Launius, Roger D.] NASA, Washington, DC USA.
RP Launius, RD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Div Space Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
NR 80
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL
PI OXFORD
PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND
BN 978-0-47069-608-8
PY 2008
BP 275
EP 297
DI 10.1002/9780470696088.ch15
D2 10.1002/9780470696088
PG 23
WC History
SC History
GA BYG11
UT WOS:000298541700016
ER
PT J
AU Schaufler, LE
Vollenweider, JJ
Moles, A
AF Schaufler, Lawrence E.
Vollenweider, Johanna J.
Moles, Adam
TI Changes in the lipid class and proximate compositions of coho salmon
(Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts infected with the nematode parasite
Philonema agubernaculum
SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE free fatty acids; lipid class; parasite; phospholipids; pacific salmon
ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; PARATENUISENTIS-AMBIGUUS; HOST EEL;
TRANSFORMATION; METABOLISM; SALAR; WATER; SIZE
AB Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts infected with the nematode Philonema agubernaculum had 36% lower mean lipid content (1.4%) than nonparasitized coho salmon (2.2%) harvested simultaneously from the same outmigration. Lengths, weights, and condition factors, as well as protein and moisture content, did not differ significantly between the two groups. Lipid class compositions differed significantly between the parasitized and nonparasitized fish. None of the nematode-infected fish contained detectable triacylglycerols (TAG) or monoacylglycerols (MAG). In contrast, mean TAG and MAG contents of the nonparasitized fish totaled 5.5% of the extracted lipid. Infected smolts had lower cholesterol contents than did uninfected coho (17% for infected, 33% for uninfected). Parasitized fish had significantly higher levels of free fatty acids (mean of 57% for parasitized vs. 35% for nonparasitized) as well as the phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). However, the PC/PE ratios for infected and noninfected coho did not differ significantly (2.2 for infected vs. 2.0 for uninfected). These differences suggest that the parasitic nematodes are either harvesting storage energy directly from the coho or are placing additional energetic demands on the fish to cope with the infection. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Schaufler, Lawrence E.; Vollenweider, Johanna J.; Moles, Adam] Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Schaufler, LE (reprint author), Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM Lawrence.Schaufler@noaa.gov
NR 31
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1096-4959
J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B
JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol.
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 149
IS 1
BP 148
EP 152
DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.09.003
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology
GA 277NI
UT WOS:000254219600015
PM 17920968
ER
PT J
AU Gurdal, Z
Tatting, BF
Wu, CK
AF Gurdal, Z.
Tatting, B. F.
Wu, C. K.
TI Variable stiffness composite panels: Effects of stiffness variation on
the in-plane and buckling response
SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
LA English
DT Article
DE buckling; elasticity; laminate mechanics; tow; laminate design
ID ORTHOTROPIC MATERIALS; PLATES; OPTIMIZATION
AB Descriptions of fiber orientation variation for flat rectangular composite laminates that possess variable stiffness properties are introduced. The simplest definition employs a unidirectional variation based on a linear function for the fiber orientation angle of the individual layers. Analyses of variable stiffness panels for in-plane and buckling responses are developed and demonstrated for two distinct cases of stiffness variations. The first case assumes a stiffness variation in the direction of the loading, and numerical results indicate small improvements in buckling load for some panel configurations due to favorable distribution of the transverse stresses over the panel planform. The second case varies the stiffness perpendicular to the loading, and provides a much higher degree of improvement due to the re-distribution of the applied loads. It is also demonstrated that the variable stiffness concept provides a flexibility to the designer for trade-offs between overall panel stiffness and buckling load, in that there exist many configurations with equal buckling loads yet different global stiffness values, or vice versa. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Gurdal, Z.] Delft Univ Technol, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands.
[Tatting, B. F.] ADOPTECH Inc, Blacksburg, VA USA.
[Wu, C. K.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Gurdal, Z (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands.
EM z.gurdal@tudelft.nl
NR 20
TC 71
Z9 82
U1 4
U2 19
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1359-835X
J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S
JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.
PY 2008
VL 39
IS 5
BP 911
EP 922
DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.11.015
PG 12
WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 304UU
UT WOS:000256135400023
ER
PT J
AU Schultz, MR
Hulse, MJ
Keller, PN
Turse, D
AF Schultz, Marc R.
Hulse, Michael J.
Keller, Philip N.
Turse, Dana
TI Neutrally stable behavior in fiber-reinforced composite tape springs
SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
LA English
DT Article
DE polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); smart materials; anisotropy; laminate
mechanics; multistability
ID SLIT TUBES; MODEL
AB Thin cylindrical shells such as metallic storable tubular extendable members (STEM's) and carpenter-tape springs have been used as deployable structural members since the early stages of space exploration. Typically these metallic STEM's and tape springs have been elastically strained and held with some restraint in the packaged configuration. For deployment, either the restraint is released and the structure springs into its deployed configuration, or the structure is fed out using a motor. More recently, fiber-reinforced composites have been considered for these applications because of the mass efficiency of composites and the ability to tailor composites to exhibit behavior not seen with isotropic materials. Considered in this paper is a new type of neutrally stable tape spring that does not show an inclination to spring out to the fully extended configuration when partially rolled. Neutrally stable tape springs do not need to be constrained in the packaged state and deployment can be easily controlled with low-force, unobtrusive actuators. An analytical study is used to explore this form of neutral stability and to determine the necessary conditions for neutral stability. Those necessary conditions are confirmed by fabricating a series of composite tape springs. Finally, a simple experiment is performed to demonstrate that the deployment of the neutrally stable tape spring can be started and stopped at any point of deployment. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Schultz, Marc R.; Hulse, Michael J.; Keller, Philip N.; Turse, Dana] Composite Technol Dev, Lafayette, CO 80026 USA.
RP Schultz, MR (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Struct Mech & Concepts Branch, 8 W Taylor St,MS 190, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM marc.r.schultz@nasa.gov
NR 16
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1359-835X
J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S
JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.
PY 2008
VL 39
IS 6
BP 1012
EP 1017
DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.03.004
PG 6
WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 317IZ
UT WOS:000257014700012
ER
PT J
AU Murthy, PLN
Nemeth, NN
Brewer, DN
Mital, S
AF Murthy, Pappu L. N.
Nemeth, Noel N.
Brewer, David N.
Mital, Subodh
TI Probabilistic analysis of a SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composite turbine
vane
SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE probabilistic analysis; CMC vane; cumulative distribution function;
probability density function; scatter; Weibull distribution; strength;
proportional limit; design requirements; ceramic matrix composite
AB To demonstrate the advanced composite materials technology under development within the NASA Ultra-Efficient Engine Technology (UEET) Program, it was planned to fabricate, test, and analyze a turbine vane made entirely of silicon carbide-fiber-reinforced silicon carbide matrix composite (SiC/SiC CMC) material. The objective was to utilize a five-harness satin weave melt-infiltrated (MI) SiC/SiC composite material to design and fabricate a stator vane that can endure 1000 h of engine service conditions. The vane was designed to withstand a maximum temperature of 1315 degrees C (2400 degrees F) within the substrate and the hot surface temperature of 1482 degrees C (2700 degrees F) with the aid of an environmental/thermal barrier coating (EBC/TBC) system. Furthermore, the vane was designed such that the expected maximum stresses to be encountered were kept within the proportional limit strength of the material. Any violation of this design requirement was considered as the failure. This paper presents results of a probabilistic analysis and reliability assessment of the vane. Probability of failure to meet the design requirements was computed using the probabilistic analysis methods embedded in the NESSUS software. In the analysis, material properties, strength, and pressure loading were considered as random variables. The variations in properties and strength were based on the actual experimental data. In the present analysis, the pressure loads were considered normally distributed with a nominal variation. A temperature profile on the vane was obtained by performing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and was assumed to be deterministic. The results suggest that for the current vane design, the chance of not meeting design requirements is about 1.6%. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Murthy, Pappu L. N.; Nemeth, Noel N.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Brewer, David N.] USA, Res Lab, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Mital, Subodh] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA.
RP Murthy, PLN (reprint author), NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM Pappu.L.Murthy@nasa.gov
NR 11
TC 24
Z9 26
U1 2
U2 33
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1359-8368
J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG
JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng.
PY 2008
VL 39
IS 4
BP 694
EP 703
DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2007.05.006
PG 10
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 296VI
UT WOS:000255573500010
ER
PT S
AU Bobaru, MG
Pasareanu, CS
Giannakopoulou, D
AF Bobaru, Mihaela Gheorghiu
Pasareanu, Corina S.
Giannakopoulou, Dimitra
BE Gupta, A
Malik, S
TI Automated assume-guarantee reasoning by abstraction refinement
SO COMPUTER AIDED VERIFICATION
SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 20th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification
CY JUL 07, 2008
CL Princeton, NJ
SP Princeton Univ, Cadence Design Syst, IBM, Intel, Jasper Design Automat, Mentor Graphics, MIcrosoft Res, NEC Lab, Amer, Synopsys
ID COMPOSITIONAL VERIFICATION; LEARNING ASSUMPTIONS
AB Current automated approaches for compositional model checking in the assume-guarantee style are based on learning of assumptions as deterministic automata. We propose an alternative approach based on abstraction refinement. Our new method computes the assumptions for the assume-guarantee rules as conservative and not necessarily deterministic abstractions of some of the components, and refines those abstractions using counterexamples obtained from model checking them together with the other components. Our approach also exploits the alphabets of the interfaces between components and performs iterative refinement of those alphabets as well as of the abstractions. We show experimentally that our preliminary implementation of the proposed alternative achieves similar or better performance than a previous learning-based implementation.
C1 [Bobaru, Mihaela Gheorghiu; Pasareanu, Corina S.; Giannakopoulou, Dimitra] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, PSGS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Bobaru, MG (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, PSGS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 17
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-540-70543-7
J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC
PY 2008
VL 5123
BP 135
EP 148
PG 14
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BHY96
UT WOS:000257539900014
ER
PT J
AU Horta, LG
Kenny, SP
Crespo, LG
Elliott, KB
AF Horta, L. G.
Kenny, S. P.
Crespo, L. G.
Elliott, K. B.
TI NASA Langley's approach to the Sandia's structural dynamics challenge
problem
SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Validation Methodology Workshop
CY MAY 22-23, 2006
CL Albuquerque, NM
SP Sandia Natl Lab
DE probabilistic modeling; model validation; uncertainty quantification;
kernel density
AB The objective of this challenge is to develop a data-based probabilistic model of uncertainty to predict the acceleration response of subsystems (payloads) by themselves and while coupled to a primary (target) system. Although deterministic analyses of this type are routinely performed and representative of issues faced in real-world system design and integration, there are still several key technical challenges that must be addressed when analyzing the uncertainties of interconnected systems. For example, one key technical challenge is related to the fact that there is limited data on the target configurations. Also, while multiple data sets from experiments conducted at the subsystem level are provided, samples sizes are not sufficient to compute high confidence statistics. Moreover, in this challenge problem, additional constraints, in the form of ground rules, have been added. One such constraint is that mathematical models of the subsystem are limited to linear approximations of the nonlinear physics of the problem at hand. Also, participants are constrained to use these subsystem models and the multiple data sets to make predictions about the target system response under completely different forcing functions.
Initially, our approach involved the screening of several different methods to arrive at the three presented herein. The first one is based on a transformation of the structural dynamic data in the modal domain to an orthogonal space where the mean and covariance of the data are matched. The other two approaches worked solutions in physical space where the uncertain parameter set is made of masses, stiffnessess, and damping coefficients; one matches the confidence intervals of low order moments of the statistics via optimization while the second one uses a Kernel density estimation approach. The paper will touch on the approaches, lessons learned, validation metrics and their comparison, data quantity restriction, and assumptions/limitations of each approach. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Horta, L. G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Struct Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Kenny, S. P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Dynam Syst & Control Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Crespo, L. G.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Elliott, K. B.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Syst Integrat & Test Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Horta, LG (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Struct Dynam Branch, MS 230 Hampton, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM lucas.g.horta@nasa.gov
NR 7
TC 3
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0045-7825
J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M
JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng.
PY 2008
VL 197
IS 29-32
BP 2607
EP 2620
DI 10.1016/j.cma.2007.07.035
PG 14
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics
GA 315CR
UT WOS:000256856000023
ER
PT J
AU Nguyen, NT
AF Nguyen, Nhan T.
TI Adjoint optimization of one-dimensional hyperbolic equations with
constrained periodic boundary conditions
SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Adjoint optimization; Hyperbolic equation; Closed-loop flow
ID CONSERVATION-LAWS; SYSTEMS; FLOW; OPTIMALITY; 2ND-ORDER; DESIGN
AB This paper presents a continuous adjoint-based optimization theory for a general closed-loop transport hyperbolic model controlled via a periodic boundary control to minimize a cost functional. The periodic boundary control is subject to a nonlinear differential equation constraint, thus resulting in a coupling between the hyperbolic equation and the ordinary differential equation. Variational principles are used to derive the Pontryagin's minimum principle for optimality that results in a dual adjoint system. A numerical optimization method is implemented using the adjoint-based second-order gradient method to solve for the optimal trajectory of the control. Numerical methods for solving the hyperbolic equation using an explicit scheme, wave splitting method and for solving the adjoint equation using an implicit scheme and a quasi-steady state method are described. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Nguyen, NT (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, M-S 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Nhan.T.Nguyen@nasa.gov
NR 28
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0045-7825
J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M
JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng.
PY 2008
VL 197
IS 51-52
BP 4683
EP 4691
DI 10.1016/j.cma.2008.06.016
PG 9
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics
GA 374BG
UT WOS:000261016600014
ER
PT B
AU Starc, V
Schlegel, TT
AF Starc, V.
Schlegel, T. T.
GP IEEE
TI The Effect of Aging and Cardiac Disease on that Portion of QT Interval
Variability that Is Independent of Heart Rate Variability
SO COMPUTERS IN CARDIOLOGY 2008, VOLS 1 AND 2
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 35th Annual Conference on Computers in Cardiology
CY SEP 14-17, 2008
CL Bologna, ITALY
ID MORPHOLOGY
AB Our goal was to remove all readily explainable (extrinsic) portions of beat-to-beat QT interval variability (QTV) from total QTV so as to derive the purest possible measure of intrinsic QTV. For this purpose we developed a model that describes extrinsic QTV based on other factors ascertainable from the ECG, such as changes in RR intervals, voltage amplitudes and QRS-T angles. Five-min supine high-fidelity 12-lead ECGs were acquired from 101 individuals, including from 20 healthy young men (age 21 +/- 1) and from three groups of middle-aged individuals (52 +/- 11 years) with increasing levels of cardiac disease. By fitting our model data to the measured QT interval signal, we calculated the explained (extrinsic) part of QTV, and the difference between the measured and the calculated QT signal represented the unexplained" (or intrinsic) part of QTV. Results suggest that the ratio of unexplained to explained QTV increases with both age and cardiac disease.
C1 [Starc, V.] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Zaloska 4, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
[Schlegel, T. T.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA.
RP Starc, V (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Zaloska 4, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
EM vito.starc@mf.uni-lj.si
FU Ministry for Higher Education, Science and Technology and, Slovenia
[P3-0019]
FX Supported by Grant No. P3-0019, Ministry for Higher Education, Science
and Technology and, Slovenia
NR 7
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-3706-1
PY 2008
BP 315
EP +
DI 10.1109/CIC.2008.4749041
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Biomedical; Medical
Informatics
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Medical Informatics
GA BIZ28
UT WOS:000263940800080
ER
PT J
AU Vallisneri, M
Babak, S
AF Vallisneri, Michele
Babak, Stanislav
TI Python and XML for agile scientific computing
SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Vallisneri, Michele] NASAs Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Vallisneri, Michele] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Astrophys Relat Res Team, Golm, Germany.
RP Vallisneri, M (reprint author), NASAs Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM michele.vallisneri@jpl.nasa.gov; stba@aei.mpg.de
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 1521-9615
J9 COMPUT SCI ENG
JI Comput. Sci. Eng.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2008
VL 10
IS 1
BP 80
EP 87
DI 10.1109/MCSE.2008.20
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Computer Science
GA 243NO
UT WOS:000251804800011
ER
PT B
AU Launius, RD
AF Launius, Roger D.
BE Kleinman, DL
CloudHansen, KA
Matta, C
Handelsman, J
TI An Historical Overview of US Manned Space Exploration
SO CONTROVERSIES IN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2: FROM CLIMATE TO
CHROMOSOMES
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT; SHUTTLE; VISION
C1 [Launius, Roger D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Div Space Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
[Launius, Roger D.] NASA, Washington, DC USA.
RP Launius, RD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Div Space Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
NR 139
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC
PI LARCHMONT
PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA
BN 978-0-913113-42-4
PY 2008
BP 205
EP 236
PG 32
WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC History & Philosophy of Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA BOE17
UT WOS:000276362800012
ER
PT J
AU Tedesco, M
Serreze, M
Fettweis, X
AF Tedesco, M.
Serreze, M.
Fettweis, X.
TI Diagnosing the extreme surface melt event over southwestern Greenland in
2007
SO CRYOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
AB Analysis of passive microwave brightness temperatures from the space-borne Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) documents a record surface snowmelt over high elevations (above 2000 m) of the Greenland ice sheet during summer of 2007. To interpret this record, results from the SSM/I are examined in conjunction with fields from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis and output from a regional climate model. The record surface melt reflects unusually warm conditions, seen in positive summertime anomalies of surface air temperatures, downwelling long-wave radiation, 1000-500 hPa atmospheric thickness, and the net surface energy flux, linked in turn to southerly airflow over the ice sheet. Low snow accumulation may have contributed to the record through promoting anomalously low surface albedo.
C1 [Tedesco, M.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Tedesco, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Tedesco, M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Serreze, M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Fettweis, X.] Univ Liege, Dept Geog, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
RP Tedesco, M (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA.
EM mtedesco@sci.ccny.cuny.edu
RI Tedesco, Marco/F-7986-2015;
OI Fettweis, Xavier/0000-0002-4140-3813
FU NSF [ARC-0531040, ARC-0531302]; UMBC [1253 10140 022 00002322, 1253
10140 022 00002264, 1253 10140 022 00002262]; NASA Crysophere program;
NASA Terrestrial Hydrology program; City College of the City University
of New York
FX This study was supported by NSF grants ARC-0531040, ARC-0531302, UMBC
grants 1253 10140 022 00002322, 1253 10140 022 00002264 and 1253 10140
022 00002262, the NASA Crysophere program and the NASA Terrestrial
Hydrology program and the City College of the City University of New
York.
NR 21
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1994-0416
J9 CRYOSPHERE
JI Cryosphere
PY 2008
VL 2
IS 2
BP 159
EP 166
PG 8
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA V11AT
UT WOS:000207505200007
ER
PT J
AU Sole, A
Payne, T
Bamber, J
Nienow, P
Krabill, W
AF Sole, A.
Payne, T.
Bamber, J.
Nienow, P.
Krabill, W.
TI Testing hypotheses of the cause of peripheral thinning of the Greenland
Ice Sheet: is land-terminating ice thinning at anomalously high rates?
SO CRYOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
AB Recent observations have shown that the periphery of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) is thinning rapidly and that this thinning is greatest around marine-terminating outlet glaciers. Several theories have been proposed which provide a link between climate and ice thinning. We present surface elevation change dh/dt data from NASA's Program for Arctic Regional Climate Assessment (PARCA) laser altimetry surveys for fourteen and eleven of the largest outlet glaciers in Southern Greenland from 1993 to 1998 and 1998 to 2006 respectively to test the applicability of these theories to the GrIS.
Initially, outlet glacier dh/dt data are compared with data from concurrent surveys over inland ice (slow flowing ice that is not obviously draining into an outlet glacier) to confirm the effect of ice flow on surface thinning rates. Land-terminating and marine-terminating outlet glacier dh/dt data are then compared from 1993 to 1998 and from 1998 to 2006. Finally, ablation anomalies (the difference between the "normal" ablation rate from 1970 to 2000 and the ablation rate in the time period of interest) calculated with a positive degree day model are compared to both marine-terminating and land-terminating outlet glacier dh/dt data.
Our results support earlier conclusions that certain marine-terminating outlet glaciers have thinned much more than land-terminating outlet glaciers during both time periods. Furthermore we show that these differences are not limited to the largest, fastest-flowing outlet glaciers - almost all marine-terminating outlet glaciers are thinning more than land-terminating outlet glaciers. There was a four fold increase in mean marine-terminating outlet glacier thinning rates below 1000 m elevation between the periods 1993 to 1998 and 1998 to 2006, while thinning rates of land-terminating outlet glaciers remained statistically unchanged. This suggests that a change in a controlling mechanism specific to the thinning rates of marine-terminating outlet glaciers occurred in the late 1990s and that this change did not affect thinning rates of land-terminating outlet glaciers.
Thinning rates of land-terminating outlet glaciers are statistically the same as ablation anomalies, while thinning rates of marine-terminating outlet glaciers are not. Thinning of land-terminating outlet glaciers therefore seems to be a response to changes in local mass balance (principally increases in air temperature) while thinning of marine-terminating outlet glaciers is principally controlled by ice dynamics. The mechanism by which this dynamic thinning occurs is still not clear although its association with marine-terminating outlet glaciers suggests perturbations at marine termini (calving) as the likely cause.
C1 [Sole, A.; Payne, T.; Bamber, J.] Sch Geog Sci, Bristol Glaciol Ctr, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England.
[Nienow, P.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Krabill, W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA.
RP Sole, A (reprint author), Sch Geog Sci, Bristol Glaciol Ctr, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England.
EM a.j.sole@bristol.ac.uk
RI payne, antony/A-8916-2008; Bamber, Jonathan/C-7608-2011;
OI payne, antony/0000-0001-8825-8425; Bamber, Jonathan/0000-0002-2280-2819;
Sole, Andrew/0000-0001-5290-8967
NR 54
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1994-0416
J9 CRYOSPHERE
JI Cryosphere
PY 2008
VL 2
IS 2
BP 205
EP 218
PG 14
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA V11AT
UT WOS:000207505200011
ER
PT S
AU Mungas, GS
Gursel, Y
Sepulveda, CA
Anderson, M
La Baw, C
Johnson, KR
Deans, M
Beegle, L
Boynton, J
AF Mungas, Greg S.
Guersel, Yekta
Sepulveda, Cesar A.
Anderson, Mark
La Baw, Clayton
Johnson, Kenneth R.
Deans, Matthew
Beegle, Luther
Boynton, John
BE Mouroulis, PZ
Smith, WJ
Jonhson, RB
TI Development and optical testing of the camera, hand lens, and microscope
probe with scannable laser spectroscopy (CHAMP-SLS)
SO CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LENS DESIGN AND OPTICAL ENGINEERING IX
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical
Engineering IX
CY AUG 11-12, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Camera; hand lens; microscope; microscopy; spectroscopy; Raman;
micro-LIBS; Fluorescence; laser ablation; mass-spectrometry
AB Conducting high resolution field microscopy with coupled laser spectroscopy that can be used to selectively analyze the surface chemistry of individual pixels in a scene is an enabling capability for next generation robotic and manned spaceflight missions, civil, and military applications. In the laboratory, we use a range of imaging and surface preparation tools that provide us with in-focus images, context imaging for identifying features that we want to investigate at high magnification, and surface-optical coupling that allows us to apply optical spectroscopic analysis techniques for analyzing surface chemistry particularly at high magnifications. The camera, handlens, and microscope probe with scannable laser spectroscopy (CHAMP-SLS) is an imaging/spectroscopy instrument capable of imaging continuously from infinity down to high resolution microscopy (resolution of similar to 1 micron/pixel in a final camera format), the closer CHAMP-SLS is placed to a feature, the higher the resultant magnification. At hand lens to microscopic magnifications, the imaged scene can be selectively interrogated with point spectroscopic techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, microscopic Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (micro-LIBS), laser ablation mass-spectrometry, Fluorescence spectroscopy, and/or Reflectance spectroscopy. This paper summarizes the optical design, development, and testing of the CHAMP-SLS optics.
C1 [Mungas, Greg S.; Guersel, Yekta; Sepulveda, Cesar A.; Anderson, Mark; La Baw, Clayton; Johnson, Kenneth R.; Beegle, Luther; Boynton, John] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Mungas, GS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Greg.Mungas@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7280-9
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 7060
AR 70600O
DI 10.1117/12.792024
PG 24
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA BIQ84
UT WOS:000262081400015
ER
PT S
AU Darr, S
Ricks, W
Lemos, KA
AF Darr, Stephen
Ricks, Wendell
Lemos, Katherine A.
GP IEEE
TI SAFER SYSTEMS: A NEXTGEN AVIATION SAFETY STRATEGIC GOAL
SO DASC: 2008 IEEE/AIAA 27TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1
AND 2
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 27th Digital Avionics Systems Conference 2008
CY OCT 26-30, 2008
CL St Paul, MN
SP IEEE, AIAA
AB The Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO), is charged by Congress with developing the concepts and plans for the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) [1]. The National Aviation Safety Strategic Plan (NASSP), developed by the Safety Working Group of the JPDO, focuses on establishing the goals, objectives, and strategies needed to realize the safety objectives of the NextGen Integrated Plan.
The three goal areas of the NASSP are Safer Practices, Safer Systems, and Safer Worldwide. Safer Practices emphasizes an integrated, systematic approach to safety risk management through implementation of formalized Safety Management Systems (SMS) that incorporate safety data analysis processes, and the enhancement of methods for ensuring safety is an inherent characteristic of NextGen. Safer Systems emphasizes implementation of safety-enhancing technologies, which will improve safety for human-centered interfaces and enhance the safety of airborne and ground-based systems. Safer Worldwide encourages coordinating the adoption of the safer practices and safer systems technologies, policies and procedures worldwide, such that the maximum level of safety is achieved across air transportation system boundaries.
This paper introduces the NASSP and its development, and focuses on the Safer Systems elements of the NASSP, which incorporates three objectives for NextGen systems: 1) provide risk reducing system interfaces, 2) provide safety enhancements for airborne systems, and 3) provide safety enhancements for ground-based systems. The goal of this paper is to expose avionics and air traffic management system developers to NASSP objectives and Safer Systems strategies.
C1 [Darr, Stephen] Dynam Aerosp Inc, Sharon, MA 02067 USA.
[Ricks, Wendell; Lemos, Katherine A.] NASA, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Darr, S (reprint author), Dynam Aerosp Inc, Sharon, MA 02067 USA.
EM stephen.darr@verizon.net; wendell.r.ricks@nasa.gov;
katherine@lemoscorp.com
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-4244-2207-4
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2008
BP 234
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation
GA BJH21
UT WOS:000265786500027
ER
PT S
AU Veram, S
Lozito, S
Kozon, T
Ballinger, D
Resnick, H
AF Veram, Savita
Lozito, Sandy
Kozon, Thomas
Ballinger, Deborah
Resnick, Herbert
GP IEEE
TI PROCEDURES FOR OFF-NOMINAL CASES: VERY CLOSELY SPACED PARALLEL RUNWAY
OPERATIONS
SO DASC: 2008 IEEE/AIAA 27TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1
AND 2
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 27th Digital Avionics Systems Conference 2008
CY OCT 26-30, 2008
CL St Paul, MN
SP IEEE, AIAA
AB This study investigated procedures to increase capacity in the terminal area using a high-fidelity flight deck simulator. The concept was developed to achieve visual meteorological condition capacities under instrument meteorological conditions when landing aircraft on runways 750 ft apart. The purpose was to investigate procedures related to breakout maneuvers on final approach during off-nominal conditions. Fifty percent of the simulation runs bad an off-nominal situation. The off-nominal situation was either the wake of the lead aircraft drifting too close to the trailing aircraft or the lead aircraft deviating from its course and blundering towards the trailing aircraft. The location of the off-nominal situation was also a variable. Results showed that the workload and situational demands experienced by pilots were higher in the off-nominal as compared to the normal scenario. Pilots executed a breakout maneuver earlier for wake intrusion than for aircraft deviation. The location and cause of the off-nominal situation did not have a significant impact on workload or situation awareness. In general, the pilots flew the breakout maneuver accurately and safely. The results provide an assessment of the procedures for breakout maneuvers during off-nominal conditions.
C1 [Veram, Savita; Lozito, Sandy; Ballinger, Deborah] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
[Kozon, Thomas] NASA, Raytheon Corp, Washington, DC USA.
[Resnick, Herbert] Raytheon Corp, Waltham, MA USA.
RP Veram, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
EM Savita.A.Venna@nasa.gov; Sandra.C.Lozito@nasa.gov;
Thomas.E.Kozon@nasa.gov; Deborah.Ballinger@nasa.gov;
Herbert_L_Resnick@raytheon.com
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-4244-2207-4
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2008
BP 351
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation
GA BJH21
UT WOS:000265786500038
ER
PT B
AU Ballin, MG
Williams, DH
Allen, BD
Palmer, MT
AF Ballin, Mark G.
Williams, David H.
Allen, B. Danette
Palmer, Michael T.
GP IEEE
TI PROTOTYPE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT CAPABILITIES TO EXPLORE TEMPORAL RNP
CONCEPTS
SO DASC: 2008 IEEE/AIAA 27TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1
AND 2
SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 27th Digital Avionics Systems Conference 2008
CY OCT 26-30, 2008
CL St Paul, MN
SP IEEE, AIAA
ID FUEL
AB Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) concepts of operation may require aircraft to fly planned trajectories in four dimensions - three spatial dimensions and time. A prototype 4D flight management capability is being developed by NASA to facilitate the development of these concepts. New trajectory generation functions extend today's flight management system (FMS) capabilities that meet a single Required Time of Arrival (RTA) to trajectory solutions that comply with multiple RTA constraints. When a solution is not possible, a constraint management capability relaxes constraints to achieve a trajectory solution that meets the most important constraints as specified by candidate NextGen concepts. New flight guidance functions provide continuous guidance to the aircraft's flight control system to enable it to fly specified 4D trajectories. Guidance options developed for research investigations include a moving time window with varying tolerances that are a function of proximity to imposed constraints, and guidance that recalculates the aircraft's planned trajectory as a function of the estimation of current compliance. Compliance tolerances are related to required navigation performance (RNP) through the extension of existing RNP concepts for lateral containment. A conceptual temporal RNP implementation and prototype display symbology are proposed.
C1 [Ballin, Mark G.; Williams, David H.; Allen, B. Danette; Palmer, Michael T.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Ballin, MG (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-2207-4
J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON
PY 2008
BP 499
EP 510
PG 12
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation
GA BJH21
UT WOS:000265786500052
ER
PT S
AU Sheth, KS
Islam, TS
Kopardekar, PH
AF Sheth, Kapil S.
Islam, Tanim S.
Kopardekar, Parimal H.
GP IEEE
TI ANALYSIS OF AIRSPACE TUBE STRUCTURES
SO DASC: 2008 IEEE/AIAA 27TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1
AND 2
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 27th Digital Avionics Systems Conference 2008
CY OCT 26-30, 2008
CL St Paul, MN
SP IEEE, AIAA
AB This paper presents analysis of five airspace tube structures; three of which were previously defined and two new designs that were generated for this research. Five metrics to characterize the performance of these tubes are described. The metrics address the spatio-temporal utilization, frequency and angles at which aircraft cross tubes, along with separation of aircraft with and without tubes. All of the designs were incorporated in a common simulation platform for evaluation. The results indicate that current designs of tubes have low utilization and improvements are needed for additional benefits. Other structural parameters for consideration in future designs are presented along with visualization of a simple three-dimensional tube network.
C1 [Sheth, Kapil S.; Kopardekar, Parimal H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Islam, Tanim S.] UC Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA USA.
[Kopardekar, Parimal H.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
RP Sheth, KS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Kapil.Sheth@nasa.gov; Tanim.S.Islam@nasa.gov;
Parimal.H.Kopardekar@nasa.gov
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-4244-2207-4
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2008
BP 583
EP +
PG 3
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation
GA BJH21
UT WOS:000265786500060
ER
PT B
AU Bloem, M
Sridhar, B
AF Bloem, Michael
Sridhar, Banavar
GP IEEE
TI OPTIMALLY AND EQUITABLY DISTRIBUTING DELAYS WITH THE AGGREGATE FLOW
MODEL
SO DASC: 2008 IEEE/AIAA 27TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1
AND 2
SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 27th Digital Avionics Systems Conference 2008
CY OCT 26-30, 2008
CL St Paul, MN
SP IEEE, AIAA
AB The aggregate flow model is used to determine how to distribute predeparture delays among air traffic control Centers and across time to optimally satisfy constraints on airspace capacity and departure rates. To do so, a quadratic cost on cumulative departure delays is introduced, resulting in an optimization problem that can be quickly solved using convex optimization tools. Simulations using the model demonstrate the behavior of the National Airspace System (NAS) when implementing optimal departure delays for a particular constraint scenario. These results show that capacity-constrained air traffic control Centers suffer the highest delays. Three approaches for increasing the equity of the distribution of delays across the NAS are investigated. The first involves setting an upper bound on the Gini coefficient, a quasi-convex measure of inequality. Another is to make delays in some Centers more costly than in others. The last approach is to put an upper bound on the delay per departure for each Center. Simulation results demonstrate that bounding delay per departure effectively reduces the delays for the constrained Center. Enforcing an upper bound on the Gini coefficient and increasing the weight on delays in some Centers may impose large delays on other Centers when reducing the delays in the constrained Center.
C1 [Bloem, Michael; Sridhar, Banavar] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Bloem, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM michael.bloem@nasa.gov; banavar.sridbar@nasa.gov
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-2207-4
J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON
PY 2008
BP 676
EP 689
PG 14
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation
GA BJH21
UT WOS:000265786500068
ER
PT S
AU Couluris, GJ
Fong, RK
Downs, MB
Mittler, N
Signor, D
Stassart, A
Hsiao, T
AF Couluris, George J.
Fong, Robert K.
Downs, Michael B.
Mittler, Nathan
Signor, David
Stassart, Ari
Hsiao, Thomas
GP IEEE
TI A NEW MODELING CAPABILITY FOR AIRPORT SURFACE TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
SO DASC: 2008 IEEE/AIAA 27TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1
AND 2
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 27th Digital Avionics Systems Conference 2008
CY OCT 26-30, 2008
CL St Paul, MN
SP IEEE, AIAA
AB Surface Traffic Limitations Enhancement (STLE) is a NASA-developed advanced modeling capability for simulating airport surface aircraft movement. STLE augments NASA's Advanced Concept Evaluations System (ACES), which is a fast-time computer simulation of nationwide airport and airspace traffic operations. STLE expands ACES software logic and data inputs and outputs to simulate individual aircraft surface trajectories through an airport's terminal gate/ramp, taxiway and runway system. STLE models surface operations using a link-node modeling structure. The modeling simulates aircraft motion dynamics, tracks the movement of each flight, assesses the traffic situation, determines route assignment, detects and resolves potential conflicts, considers node required/planned crossing time constraints, and evaluates traffic throughput and delay. Inputs include specification of link and node graph components, gate and runway configurations, operating rules and procedures, and traffic and airport operating conditions schedules, typically for a 24-hour study period. Output statistics describe transit time and delay by flight and traffic loading as well as queues and transit times by link and node.
Node transit control governs actual movement of each aircraft from a link into a node and movement from a node into a link, which determines delay propagation through the surface network. STLE distinguishes sequencing nodes (e.g., taxiway intersections) and complex nodes (e.g., gate, gate group) functions. Link transit control supports this nodal network analysis process by managing traffic movement along each link to deliver aircraft to a node. STLE provides a system of working pluggable modules that represent current operations. These pluggable modules are the foundation for subsequent replacement and supplemental models.
C1 [Couluris, George J.; Mittler, Nathan; Signor, David; Stassart, Ari; Hsiao, Thomas] Sensis Corp, Campbell, CA 13057 USA.
[Fong, Robert K.; Downs, Michael B.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
[Mittler, Nathan; Signor, David; Stassart, Ari; Hsiao, Thomas] Sensis Corpot, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
RP Couluris, GJ (reprint author), Sensis Corp, Campbell, CA 13057 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-4244-2207-4
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2008
BP 735
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation
GA BJH21
UT WOS:000265786500073
ER
PT S
AU Trujillo, A
Bruneau, D
AF Trujillo, Anna
Bruneau, Daniel
GP IEEE
TI PREDICTIVE INFORMATION: STATUS OR ALERT INFORMATION?
SO DASC: 2008 IEEE/AIAA 27TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1
AND 2
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 27th Digital Avionics Systems Conference 2008
CY OCT 26-30, 2008
CL St Paul, MN
SP IEEE, AIAA
AB Previous research investigating the efficacy of predictive information for detecting and diagnosing aircraft system failures found that subjects like to have predictive information concerning when a parameter would reach an alert range. This research focused on where the predictive information should be located, and whether the information should be more closely associated with the parameter information or with the alert information. Each subject saw 3 forms of predictive information: (1) none, (2) a predictive alert message, and (3) predictive information on the status display. Generally, subjects performed better and preferred to have predictive information available although the difference between status and alert predictive information was minimal. Overall, for detection and recalling what happened, status predictive information is best; however for diagnosis, alert predictive information holds a slight edge.
C1 [Trujillo, Anna] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Bruneau, Daniel] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Trujillo, A (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-4244-2207-4
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2008
BP 798
EP +
PG 3
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation
GA BJH21
UT WOS:000265786500078
ER
PT B
AU White, AL
AF White, Allan L.
GP IEEE
TI SENSITIVITY STUDY FOR LONG TERM RELIABILITY
SO DASC: 2008 IEEE/AIAA 27TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1
AND 2
SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 27th Digital Avionics Systems Conference 2008
CY OCT 26-30, 2008
CL St Paul, MN
SP IEEE, AIAA
AB This paper illustrates using Markov models to establish system and maintenance requirements for small electronic controllers where the goal is a high probability of continuous service for a long period of time. The system and maintenance items considered are quality of components, various degrees of simple redundancy, redundancy with reconfiguration, diagnostic levels, periodic maintenance, and preventive maintenance. Markov models permit a quantitative investigation with comparison and contrast. An element of special interest is the use of conditional probability to study the combination of imperfect diagnostics and periodic maintenance.
C1 NASA Langley, Hampton, VA USA.
RP White, AL (reprint author), NASA Langley, Hampton, VA USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-2207-4
J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON
PY 2008
BP 1026
EP 1037
PG 12
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation
GA BJH21
UT WOS:000265786500100
ER
PT B
AU Blair-Smith, H
Katz, R
Kleyner, I
AF Blair-Smith, Hugh
Katz, Richard
Kleyner, Igor
GP IEEE
TI BACK TO THE MOON: THE VERIFICATION OF A SMALL MICROPROCESSOR'S LOGIC
DESIGN
SO DASC: 2008 IEEE/AIAA 27TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1
AND 2
SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 27th Digital Avionics Systems Conference 2008
CY OCT 26-30, 2008
CL St Paul, MN
SP IEEE, AIAA
AB The original and primary task of self-test program Smalley3 was independent verification of the logic design of the LOLA DU (Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter Digital Unit) microprocessor. Tasks were added to verify continuing correct operation of this central processing unit (CPU) under margin testing for supply voltage, ambient temperature, and clock frequency. Finally, an on-orbit diagnostic task was added so that any malfunctions of LOLA in lunar orbit can be identified as faults in, or not in, the CPU.
The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft will be launched to the Moon in 2009 with six scientific instruments including LOLA, each containing an embedded microprocessor to perform real-time subsystem control calculations. LOLA's CPU is a small, custom-designed processor, designed to meet the mission requirements while minimizing resources. This 8-bit machine is essentially code compatible with Intel's 8085 but is implemented in modem technology, an advanced, radiation-hardened 0.15 mu m gate array, with the only logic element types being a 4:1 multiplexor and a flip-flop.
This paper explains the fundamental structure of the verification task, shows how particular instructions are verified, presents a high-coverage scheme for detecting inadvertent RAM alteration, describes subsystem testing of RAM, and reviews the results of the verification effort. Some infamous CPU design flaws from both the commercial industry and aerospace flight control systems are discussed.
C1 [Blair-Smith, Hugh; Katz, Richard; Kleyner, Igor] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Off Log Design, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Blair-Smith, H (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Off Log Design, Greenbelt, MD USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-2207-4
J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON
PY 2008
BP 1123
EP 1134
PG 12
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation
GA BJH21
UT WOS:000265786500109
ER
PT S
AU Chakrabarty, D
Ray, PS
Strohmayer, TR
AF Chakrabarty, D.
Ray, P. S.
Strohmayer, T. R.
CA AXTAR Collaboration
BE Wijnands, R
Altamirano, D
Soleri, P
Degenaar, N
Rea, N
Casella, P
Patruno, A
Linares, M
TI The Advanced X-ray Timing Array (AXTAR)
SO DECADE OF ACCRETING MILLISECOND X-RAY PULSARS
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Workshop on Decade of Accreting Millisecond X-Ray Pulsars
CY APR 14-18, 2008
CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS
SP Netherlands Res Sch Astron, Netherlands Org Sci Res, Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek
DE Neutron stars; Black holes; X-ray timing
ID NEUTRON-STARS; HOT-SPOTS; OSCILLATIONS; BURSTS; AMPLITUDE; EQUATION;
STATE
AB AXTAR is an X-ray observatory mission concept, currently under study in the U.S., that combines very large collecting area, broadband spectral coverage, high tune resolution, highly flexible scheduling. and an ability to respond promptly to time-critical targets of-opportunity. It is optimized for submillisecond timing of bright Galactic X-ray sources in order to study phenomena at the natural time scales of neutron star surfaces and black hole event horizons, thus probing the physics of ultradense matter. strongly curved spacetimes, and intense magnetic fields. AXTAR's main instrument is a collimated. thick Si pixel detector with 2-50 keV coverage and 8m(2) collecting area. For timing observations of accreting neutron stars and black holes, AXTAR provides at least an order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity over both RXTE and Constellation-X. AXTAR also carries a sensitive sky monitor that acts as a trigger for pointed observations of X-ray transients and also provides continuous monitoring of the X-ray sky with 20x the sensitivity of tine RXTE ASM. AXTAR builds on detector and electronics technology previously developed for other applications and thus has combines high technical readiness and well understood cost.
C1 [Chakrabarty, D.; AXTAR Collaboration] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Ray, P. S.] Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Strohmayer, T. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Chakrabarty, D (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
NR 15
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0599-8
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1068
BP 227
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIR93
UT WOS:000262363000033
ER
PT J
AU Raju, IS
O'Brien, TK
AF Raju, I. S.
O'Brien, T. K.
BE Sridharan, S
TI Fracture mechanics concepts, stress fields, strain energy release rates,
delamination initiation and growth criteria
SO DELAMINATION BEHAVIOUR OF COMPOSITES
SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID FATIGUE LIFE METHODOLOGY; CRACK; COMPOSITES; TOUGHNESS; MEDIA
C1 [Raju, I. S.; O'Brien, T. K.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23861 USA.
RP Raju, IS (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23861 USA.
EM ivatury.s.raju@nasa.gov
NR 53
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND
BN 978 1 84569 244 5
J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER
PY 2008
BP 3
EP 27
DI 10.1533/9781845694821.1.3
PG 25
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing;
Materials Science, Composites
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA BOF56
UT WOS:000276471300002
ER
PT B
AU Kurtoglu, T
Swantner, A
Campbell, MI
AF Kurtoglu, Tolga
Swantner, Albert
Campbell, Matthew I.
BE Gero, JS
Goel, AK
TI Automating the Conceptual Design Process: From Black-box to Component
Selection
SO DESIGN COMPUTING AND COGNITION '08
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International Conference on Design Computing and Cognition
CY JUN 23-25, 2008
CL Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA
HO Georgia Inst Technol
AB Conceptual design is a vital part of the design process during which designers first envision new ideas and then synthesize them into physical configurations that meet certain design specifications. In this research, a suite of computational tools is developed that assists the designers perform this non-trivial task of navigating the design space for creating conceptual design solutions. The methodology is based on automating the function-based synthesis paradigm by combining various computational methods. Accordingly, three nested search algorithms are developed and integrated that mimic a designer's decision-making at various stages of conceptual design. The implemented system provides a method for automatically generating novel alternative solutions to real design problems. The application of the approach to the design of an electromechanical device shows the method's range of capabilities, and how it serves as a comparison to human conceptual design generation and as a tool Suite to complement the skills of a designer.
C1 [Kurtoglu, Tolga] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Mission Crit Technologies, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Swantner, Albert; Campbell, Matthew I.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Engn Mech, Automated Design Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
RP Kurtoglu, T (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Mission Crit Technologies, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RI Campbell, Matthew/B-5334-2009
OI Campbell, Matthew/0000-0003-1296-6542
FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0448806, IIS-0307665]
FX This material is based on work supported by the National Science
Foundation under Grants CMMI-0448806 and IIS-0307665. Any opinions,
findings, and conclusions or recommendations presented in this paper are
those of the authores and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
National Science Foundation.
NR 25
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 978-1-4020-8727-1
PY 2008
BP 553
EP +
DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8728-8_29
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
Manufacturing
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BIS53
UT WOS:000262457300029
ER
PT B
AU Lewicki, DG
Woods, RL
Lltvin, FL
Fuentes, A
AF Lewicki, David G.
Woods, Ron L.
Lltvin, Faydor L.
Fuentes, Alfonso
GP ASME
TI Evaluation of a low-noise formate spiral-bevel gear set
SO DETC2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING
CONFERENCE, VOL 7
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers
and Information in Engineering Conference
CY SEP 04-07, 2007
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP ASME, Design & Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div
AB Studies to evaluate low-noise Formate spiral-bevel gears were performed. Experimental tests were performed on the OH-58D helicopter main-rotor transmission in the NASA Glenn 500-hp Helicopter Transmission Test Stand. Low-noise Formate spiral-bevel gears were compared to the baseline OH-58D spiral-bevel gear design, a high-strength design, and previously tested low-noise designs (including an original low-noise design and an improved-bearing-contact low-noise design). Noise, vibration, and tooth strain tests were performed. The Formate design showed a decrease in noise and vibration compared to the baseline OH-58D design, and was similar to that of the previously tested improved-bearing contact low-noise design. The pinion tooth stresses for the Formate design significantly decreased in comparison to the baseline OH-58D design. Also similar to that of the improved-bearing-contact low-noise design, the maximum stresses of the Formate design shifted toward the heel, compared to the center of the face width for the baseline, high-strength, and previously tested low-noise designs.
C1 [Lewicki, David G.] USA, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH USA.
RP Lewicki, DG (reprint author), USA, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH USA.
RI Fuentes Aznar, Alfonso/A-4259-2015
OI Fuentes Aznar, Alfonso/0000-0001-7882-4999
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-4808-1
PY 2008
BP 305
EP 325
PG 21
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA BHM75
UT WOS:000254345200036
ER
PT B
AU Barrientos, FA
Tumer, IY
Ullman, DG
AF Barrientos, Francesca A.
Tumer, Irem Y.
Ullman, David G.
GP ASME
TI Modeling uncertainty reduction in concurrent engineering design teams
SO DETC2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING
CONFERENCE, VOL 4
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers
and Information in Engineering Conference
CY SEP 04-07, 2007
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP ASME, Design & Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div
DE risk-based design; concurrent engineering; design teams; uncertainty;
design theory and methodology; conceptual design
ID COLLABORATION
AB The design process can be viewed as a series of actions for reducing uncertainty in product or system design specifications. At the beginning of the design process, uncertainty is high because the design space has yet to be explored and decisions have not been made. This uncertainty contributes to design risk, risk due to the engineer's lack of knowledge and/or information. In design teams, design risk takes on the added dimension of lack of group awareness about the state of knowledge of each team member. To better understand and capture uncertainty inherent in early design, we have developed a methodology to model design evolution in concurrent design teams. The representation is a directed graph that represents the state of a design over time. In this paper we describe our modeling methodology and present a case study of two different design teams. We present the results of modeling a part of the design process. Then we show how the model can be analyzed to understand how information and knowledge transfer was used to make decisions and reduce uncertainty and design risk.
C1 [Barrientos, Francesca A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA RIACS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Barrientos, FA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA RIACS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 26
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-4805-0
PY 2008
BP 471
EP 482
PG 12
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Engineering, Mechanical
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BHM71
UT WOS:000254341600057
ER
PT S
AU Gunapala, SD
Bandara, SV
Liu, JK
Mumolo, JM
Hill, CJ
Ting, DZ
Kurth, E
Woolaway, J
LeVan, PD
Tidrow, MZ
AF Gunapala, S. D.
Bandara, S. V.
Liu, J. K.
Mumolo, J. M.
Hill, C. J.
Ting, D. Z.
Kurth, E.
Woolaway, J.
LeVan, P. D.
Tidrow, M. Z.
BE Tan, HH
Chiao, JC
Faraone, L
Jagadish, C
Williams, J
Wilson, AR
TI Toward very large format infrared detector arrays - art. no. 68000W
SO DEVICE AND PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES FOR MICROELECTRONICS, MEMS, PHOTONICS
AND NANOTECHNOLOGY IV
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Device and Process Technologies for Microelectronics,
MEMS, Photonics and Nanotechnology IV
CY DEC 05-07, 2007
CL Canberra, AUSTRALIA
SP SPIE, Australian Natl Univ, Australian Res Council Nanotechnol Network, COSNet ARC, CUDOS, RPO, Bandwidth Foundry
DE infrared detectors; maga-pixel; QWIP; dualband; two-color; infrared
imaging; focal plane arrays
AB Mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) 1024x 1024 pixel InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs based quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal planes have been demonstrated with excellent imaging performance. The MWIR QWIP detector array has demonstrated a noise equivalent differential temperature (NEAT) of 17 mK at a 95K operating temperature with f/2.5 optics at 300K background and the LWIR detector array has demonstrated a NEAT of 13 mK at a 70K operating temperature with the same optical and background conditions as the MWIR detector array after the subtraction of system noise. Both MWIR and LWIR focal planes have shown background limited performance (BLIP) at 90K and 70K operating temperatures respectively, with similar optical and background conditions. It is well known that III-V compound semiconductor materials such as GaAs, InP, etc. are easy to grow and process into devices. In addition, III-V compound semiconductors are available in large diameter wafers, up to 8-inches. Thus, III-V compound semiconductor based infrared focal plane technologies such as QWIP, InSb, and strain layer superlattices (SLS) are potential candidates for the development of large format focal planes such as 4096x4096 pixels and larger. In this paper, we will discuss the possibility of extending the infrared detector array size up to 16 megapixels.
C1 [Gunapala, S. D.; Bandara, S. V.; Liu, J. K.; Mumolo, J. M.; Hill, C. J.; Ting, D. Z.; Kurth, E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-6971-7
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 6800
BP W8000
EP W8000
DI 10.1117/12.753485
PG 10
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics
GA BHM29
UT WOS:000254227200019
ER
PT J
AU Potter, C
Boriah, S
Steinbach, M
Kumar, V
Klooster, S
AF Potter, Christopher
Boriah, Shyam
Steinbach, Michael
Kumar, Vipin
Klooster, Steven
TI Terrestrial Vegetation Dynamics and Global Climate Controls in North
America: 2001-05
SO EARTH INTERACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE MODIS; El Nino-Southern oscillation; vegetation greenness; drought
ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CARBON; MODIS;
TELECONNECTIONS; TEMPERATURES; EVOLUTION; FRACTION
AB Monthly composite data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) satellite sensor was used to reconstruct vegetation dynamics in response to climate patterns over the period 2001-05 for North America. Results imply that plant growth over extensive land areas were closely coupled to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects on regional climate. Areas strongly tied to recent (2002-03) ENSO climate effects were located mainly in northwestern Canada, interior Alaska, the northern Rocky Mountains of the United States, and throughout northern Mexico. Localized variations in precipitation were detected as the predominant controllers of monthly values for the MODIS fraction absorbed of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) over these regions.
C1 [Potter, Christopher] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Boriah, Shyam; Steinbach, Michael; Kumar, Vipin] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.
[Klooster, Steven] Calif State Univ, Seaside, CA USA.
RP Potter, C (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov
NR 29
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1087-3562
J9 EARTH INTERACT
JI Earth Interact.
PY 2008
VL 12
AR 8
DI 10.1175/2008EI249.1
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 336DK
UT WOS:000258344300001
ER
PT J
AU Ruane, AC
Roads, JO
AF Ruane, Alex C.
Roads, John O.
TI Diurnal to annual precipitation sensitivity to convective and land
surface schemes
SO EARTH INTERACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID ENERGY BUDGETS; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; REANALYSIS; WATER; CYCLE; CEOP;
SIMULATIONS; MOISTURE
AB Precipitation's diurnal to annual variance distribution and atmospheric water cycle component interactions are examined globally for sensitivity to convective and land surface schemes. The main regional features of statistics identified in previous reanalyses are robust in unconstrained continuous simulations corresponding to the reanalyses' convective and land surface schemes. A change from the simplified Arakawa-Schubert (SAS) to the relaxed Arakawa-Schubert (RAS) convection scheme reorganizes the variance of rainfall at low latitudes to a redder spectrum. Despite the potential increase in soil moisture memory, a change from the Oregon State University (OSU2) to the Noah land surface model does not noticeably affect the variance distribution of land surface model does not noticeably affect the variance distribution of precipitation. The competition between dynamic and thermodynamic.
C1 [Ruane, Alex C.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm Postdoctoral Program, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Ruane, Alex C.; Roads, John O.] Univ Calif San Diego, Expt Climate Predict Ctr, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
RP Ruane, AC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm Postdoctoral Program, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM aruane@giss.nasa.gov
NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1087-3562
J9 EARTH INTERACT
JI Earth Interact.
PY 2008
VL 12
AR 5
DI 10.1175/2008EI256.1
PG 13
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 320PC
UT WOS:000257246300001
ER
PT S
AU Barsia, JA
Chander, G
Micijevic, E
Markham, BL
Haque, MO
AF Barsia, Julia A.
Chander, Gyanesh
Micijevic, Esad
Markham, Brian L.
Haque, Md. Obaidul
BE Butler, JJ
TI Development of Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper Internal Calibrator Gain and
Offset Table
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIII
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIII
CY AUG 11-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
DE Landsat Thematic Mapper; radiometry; calibration; NLAPS
AB The National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS) has been the primary processing system for Landsat data since U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS) started archiving Landsat data. NLAPS converts raw satellite data into radiometrically and geometrically calibrated products. NLAPS has historically used the Internal Calibrator (IC) to calibrate the reflective bands of the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM), even though the lamps in the IC were less stable than the TM detectors, as evidenced by vicarious calibration results. In 2003, a major effort was made to model the actual TM gain change and to update NLAPS to use this model rather than the unstable IC data for radiometric calibration. The model coefficients were revised in 2007 to reflect greater understanding of the changes in the TM responsivity.
While the calibration updates are important to users with recently processed data, the processing system no longer calculates the original IC gain or offset. For specific applications, it is useful to have a record of the gain and offset actually applied to the older data. Thus, the NLAPS calibration database was used to generate estimated daily values for the radiometric gain and offset that might have been applied to TM data.
This paper discusses the need for and generation of the NLAPS IC gain and offset tables. A companion paper covers the application of and errors associated with using these tables.
C1 [Barsia, Julia A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Barsia, JA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Code 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM julia.barsi@nasa.gov
RI Markham, Brian/M-4842-2013
OI Markham, Brian/0000-0002-9612-8169
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7301-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7081
AR 708115
DI 10.1117/12.795268
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BIQ51
UT WOS:000262056800033
ER
PT S
AU Diner, DJ
Mischna, M
Chipman, RA
Davis, A
Cairns, B
Davies, R
Kahn, RA
Mullerf, JP
Torres, O
AF Diner, David J.
Mischna, Michael
Chipman, Russell A.
Davis, Ab
Cairns, Brian
Davies, Roger
Kahn, Ralph A.
Mullerf, Jan-Peter
Torres, Omar
BE Butler, JJ
TI WindCam and MSPI: Two cloud and aerosol instrument concepts derived from
Terra/MISR heritage
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIII
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIII
CY AUG 11-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
DE aerosols; clouds; plumes; cloud motion winds; stereo imaging;
polarimetry; photoelastic modulators
ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MISR; TOP HEIGHT; RETRIEVAL; MISSION
AB The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) has been acquiring global cloud and aerosol data from polar orbit since February 2000. MISR acquires moderately high-resolution imagery at nine view angles from nadir to 70.5 degrees, in four visible/near-infrared spectral bands. Stereoscopic parallax, time lapse among the nine views, and the variation of radiance with angle and wavelength enable retrieval of geometric cloud and aerosol plume heights, height-resolved cloud-tracked winds, and aerosol optical depth and particle property information. Two instrument concepts based upon MISR heritage are in development. The Cloud Motion Vector Camera, or WindCam, is a simplified version comprised of a lightweight, compact, wide-angle camera to acquire multiangle stereo imagery at a single visible wavelength. A constellation of three WindCam instruments in polar Earth orbit would obtain height-resolved cloud-motion winds with daily global coverage, making it a low-cost complement to a spaceborne lidar wind measurement system. The Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (MSPI) is aimed at aerosol and cloud inicrophysical properties, and is a candidate for the National Research Council Decadal Survey's Aerosol-Cloud-Ecosystem (ACE) mission. MSPI combines the capabilities of MISR with those of other aerosol sensors, extending the spectral coverage to the ultraviolet and shortwave infrared and incorporating high-accuracy polarimetric imaging. Based on requirernents for the non-imaging Aerosol Polarimeter Sensor on NASA's Glory mission, a degree of linear polarization uncertainty of 0.5% is specified within a subset of the MSPI bands. We are developing a polarization imaging approach using photoelastic modulators (PEMs) to accomplish this objective,
C1 [Diner, David J.; Mischna, Michael; Davis, Ab] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Diner, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM David.J.Diner@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Davies, Roger/D-4296-2009; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Torres,
Omar/G-4929-2013;
OI Davies, Roger/0000-0002-2991-0409; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359;
Cairns, Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7301-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7081
AR 70810T
DI 10.1117/12.795146
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BIQ51
UT WOS:000262056800024
ER
PT S
AU Elliott, DA
Aumann, HH
Jiang, YB
Broberg, SE
AF Elliott, Denis A.
Aumann, Hartmut H.
Jiang, Yibo
Broberg, Steven E.
BE Butler, JJ
TI Level 1C spectra from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIII
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIII
CY AUG 11-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
DE infrared sounder; grating array; cross-calibration; AIRS; Level 1C
AB The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), launched on the EOS Aqua spacecraft on May 4, 2002, is a grating spectrometer with 2378 channels in the range 3.7 to 15.4 microns. Spectra from grating spectrometers are capable of unsurpassed absolute radiometric accuracy, which makes them excellent potential sources for climate data records used in climate trending analyses. However, because each channel has its own detector and (partially) its own electronics, some individual channels can suffer from higher noise than other channels and, in extreme cases, can fail completely. Radiometric quality non-uniformity can complicate error and noise estimation for some products. In particular, cross-calibration with other instruments, frequency interpolation, and frequency shifting are made more difficult. AIRS level IB data are calibrated spectral radiances from each channel. This paper describes results of creating level IC spectra from level IB data, where radiances from channels determined to be very noisy are replaced with
C1 [Elliott, Denis A.; Aumann, Hartmut H.; Jiang, Yibo; Broberg, Steven E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Elliott, DA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7301-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7081
AR 70810L
DI 10.1117/12.795491
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BIQ51
UT WOS:000262056800019
ER
PT S
AU Georgieva, E
Wilson, E
Heaps, WS
AF Georgieva, E.
Wilson, E.
Heaps, W. S.
BE Butler, JJ
TI Novel Laser Approach for Remote Sensing of Atmospheric CO(2) Column
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIII
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIII
CY AUG 11-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
DE Superluminiscent diodes (230.3670); Lidar (010.3640); Instrumentation;
measurement and metrology (120.0120); Remote sensing (280.0280);
Atmospheric composition (010.1280); Optical instruments (120.4640);
Absorption (300.1030); Interferometry (120.3180); Fabry-Perot
(120.2230).
ID CARBON; MISSION
AB We present preliminary experimental results, sensitivity measurements and discuss our new CO(2) lidar system under development. The system is employing an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), superluminescent light emitting diode (SLED) as a source and our previously developed Fabry-Perot interferometer subsystem as a detector part.
Global measurement of carbon dioxide column with the aim of discovering and quantifying unknown sources and sinks has been a high priority for the last decade. The goal of Active Sensing of CO(2) Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) mission is to significantly enhance the understanding of the role of CO(2) in the global carbon cycle. The National Academy of Sciences recommended in its decadal survey that NASA put in orbit a CO(2) lidar to satisfy this long standing need. Existing passive sensors suffer from two shortcomings. Their measurement precision can be compromised by the path length uncertainties arising from scattering within the atmosphere. Also passive sensors using sunlight cannot observe the column at night. Both of these difficulties can be ameliorated by lidar techniques.
Lidar systems present their own set of problems however. Temperature changes in the atmosphere alter the cross section for individual CO(2) absorption features while the different atmospheric pressures encountered passing through the atmosphere broaden the absorption lines. Currently proposed lidars require multiple lasers operating at multiple wavelengths simultaneously in order to untangle these effects.
Our current goal is to develop an ultra precise, inexpensive new lidar system for precise column measurements of CO(2) changes in the lower atmosphere that uses a Fabry-Perot interferometer based system as the detector portion of the instrument and replaces the narrow band laser commonly used in lidars with the newly available high power SLED as the source. This approach reduces the number of individual lasers used in the system from three or more to one-considerably reducing the risk of failure. It also tremendously reduces the requirement for wavelength stability in the source putting this responsibility instead on the Fabry-Perot subsystem.
C1 [Georgieva, E.] Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
RP Georgieva, E (reprint author), Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
RI Wilson, Emily/C-9158-2012
OI Wilson, Emily/0000-0001-5634-3713
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7301-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7081
AR 70811G
DI 10.1117/12.802718
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BIQ51
UT WOS:000262056800043
ER
PT S
AU Heaps, WS
Georgieva, E
Wilsoni, E
AF Heaps, W. S.
Georgieva, E.
Wilsoni, E.
BE Butler, JJ
TI New Differential Fabry-Perot Radiometer for Remote Sensing Measurements
of column CO(2), O(2), H(2)O and other Atmospheric Trace Gases
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIII
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIII
CY AUG 11-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
ID GLOBAL OBSERVATIONS; REFLECTED SUNLIGHT; SOURCE INVERSIONS;
CARBON-DIOXIDE; ABSORPTION; BAND; SPECTRA; BUDGET; SPACE
C1 [Heaps, W. S.; Wilsoni, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Heaps, WS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 554, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7301-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7081
AR 70810K
DI 10.1117/12.794995
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BIQ51
UT WOS:000262056800018
ER
PT S
AU Meister, G
Zong, YQ
McClain, CR
AF Meister, Gerhard
Zong, Yuqin
McClain, Charles R.
BE Butler, JJ
TI Derivation of the MODIS Aqua Point-Spread Function for Ocean Color Bands
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIII
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIII
CY AUG 11-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
DE MODIS; point-spread function; scanner; characterization
ID IMAGES; DECONVOLUTION; ALGORITHM
AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) oil the Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua platform has 9 spectral bands with center wavelengths from 412nm to 870nm that are used to produce the standard ocean color data products. Ocean scenes usually contain high contrast due to the presence of bright clouds over dark water. The MODIS has been characterized for straylight effects prelaunch. In this paper, we derive Point-Spread Functions for the MODIS Aqua ocean bands based on the prelaunch Near-Field Response measurements. We use Harvey-Shack coefficients derived by the system vendor Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The crucial step in the derivation of the Point-Spread Function is the normalization of the Harvey-Shack coefficients relative to the center pixel. The straylight contamination of ocean scenes is evaluated based on artificial test scenes. Furthermore, the dependence of top-of-atmosphere radiances and ocean color products oil proximity to a cloud is analyzed, and a straylight correction algorithm is proposed.
C1 [Meister, Gerhard] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ocean Biol Proc Grp, Futuretech Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Meister, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ocean Biol Proc Grp, Futuretech Corp, Code 614-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Gerhard.Meister@nasa.gov
RI Meister, Gerhard/F-7159-2012
NR 16
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7301-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7081
AR 70811F
DI 10.1117/12.796980
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BIQ51
UT WOS:000262056800042
ER
PT S
AU Meister, G
Sun, JQ
Eplee, RE
Patt, FS
Xiong, XX
AF Meister, Gerhard
Sun, Junqiang
Eplee, Robert E., Jr.
Patt, Frederick S.
Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)
BE Butler, JJ
TI Sun beta angle residuals in solar diffuser measurements of the MODIS
ocean bands
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIII
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIII
CY AUG 11-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
DE remote sensing; scanners; on-orbit calibration; solar diffuser; solar
diffuser screen
ID ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION
AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua platform has 9 spectral bands with center wavelengths from 412nm to 870nm that are used to produce the standard ocean color data, products. Ocean color products require a stability of the radiometric calibration oil the order of 0.2%, which surpasses the official requirements for the MODIS reflective solar bands. The primary calibration source for the MODIS reflective solar bands is the on-board solar diffuser. For the ocean color bands, the SI) calibration is performed with an attenuation screen to prevent saturation. The ocean color products are calculated using supplemental sun beta, angle corrections (with a magnitude of about 0.5%) for the MODIS Aqua solar diffuser measurements in the ocean color bands. The initial corrections were derived using a three-year time series of solar diffuser measurements. This paper presents an update to these corrections for Aqua using a six-year time series, and describes the effect of these new corrections on the resulting calibration
C1 [Meister, Gerhard] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Futuretech Corp, Ocean Biol Proc Grp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Meister, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Futuretech Corp, Ocean Biol Proc Grp, Code 614-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Gerhard.Meister@nasa.gov
RI Meister, Gerhard/F-7159-2012; Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012
NR 7
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7301-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7081
AR 70810D
DI 10.1117/12.796291
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BIQ51
UT WOS:000262056800011
ER
PT S
AU Pagano, TS
Aumann, HH
Schindler, R
Elliott, D
Broberg, S
Overoye, K
Weiler, MH
AF Pagano, Thomas S.
Aumann, Hartmut H.
Schindler, Rudolf
Elliott, Denis
Broberg, Steve
Overoye, Kenneth
Weiler, Margaret H.
BE Butler, JJ
TI Absolute Radiometric Calibration Accuracy of the Atmospheric Infrared
Sounder (AIRS)
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIII
CY AUG 11-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
DE AIRS; hyperspectral infrared; absolute; radiometric; calibration
AB The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the EOS Aqua Spacecraft was launched on May 4, 2002. AIRS has demonstrated in-flight NIST traceability and high radiometric accuracy. This accuracy is achieved in orbit by transferring the calibration from a Large Area Blackbody (LABB) to the On-Board Calibrator (OBC) blackbody during preflight testing. The LABB theoretical emissivity is in excess of 0.9999 and temperature uncertainty is less than 30 mK. The LABB emitted radiance is NIST traceable through precision Platinum Resistance Thermometers (PRTs) located on the internal surfaces. The radiometric accuracy predictions for AIRS based on the OBC, LABB, and preflight measurements give an accuracy of 0.2K, 3 sigma. AIRS pre-flight calibration coefficients have not changed in flight, preserving the link between observations and pre-flight calibration and characterization. An update is being considered that will improve accuracy and preserve traceability.
C1 [Pagano, Thomas S.; Aumann, Hartmut H.; Schindler, Rudolf; Elliott, Denis; Broberg, Steve] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Pagano, TS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Thomas.S.Pagano@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 16
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7301-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 7081
AR 70811B
DI 10.1117/12.795445
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BIQ51
UT WOS:000262056800039
ER
PT S
AU Priestley, KJ
Smith, GL
Thomas, S
Matthews, G
Szewczyk, ZP
AF Priestley, Kory J.
Smith, G. Louis
Thomas, Susan
Matthews, Grant
Szewczyk, Z. Peter
BE Butler, JJ
TI Radiometric performance of the CERES broadband radiometers on the Terra
and Aqua spacecraft
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIII
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIII
CY AUG 11-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; RADIATIVE FLUX ESTIMATION; ENERGY SYSTEM
INSTRUMENT; CLOUDS; VALIDATION; SATELLITE; EARTH
AB The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) is the only program currently measuring the global Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) from space. Two CERES units are located on the EOS Terra platform and two more are placed on the EOS Aqua satellite. Each of the four operational CERES instruments uses three broadband radiometric scanning telescopes: the shortwave (SW 0.3 - 5 mu), total (0.3 - >100 mu), and window (8 - 12 mu) channels. Rigorous pre-launch ground calibration and in-flight calibration is performed on each CERES unit to achieve an accuracy goal of 1% for SW flux and 0.5% for outgoing LW flux.
C1 [Priestley, Kory J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Priestley, KJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM Kory.J.Priestley@nasa.gov
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7301-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7081
AR 70811A
DI 10.1117/12.797957
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BIQ51
UT WOS:000262056800038
ER
PT S
AU Waluschka, E
Bruegge, CJ
Xiong, XX
AF Waluschka, Eugene
Bruegge, Carol J.
Xiong, Xiaoxiong
BE Butler, JJ
TI Pre-Launch Optical Tests of MODIS and MISR
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIII
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIII
CY AUG 11-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
DE MODIS; MISR; Optics; Ground test
ID INSTRUMENT
AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instruments, currently in orbit, take radiometrically accurate pictures of the earth. These two instruments represent two types of earth observing cameras. MODIS is a cross track scanner while MISR is a pushbroom imager. An overview of the prelaunch ground optical testing equipment of MODIS and MISR is presented.
C1 [Waluschka, Eugene] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr 551 0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Waluschka, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr 551 0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7301-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7081
AR 708108
DI 10.1117/12.796423
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BIQ51
UT WOS:000262056800006
ER
PT S
AU Xiong, X
Wu, A
Angal, A
AF Xiong, X.
Wu, A.
Angal, A.
BE Butler, JJ
TI Assessment of MODIS Scan Mirror Reflectance Changes On-orbit
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIII
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIII
CY AUG 11-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
DE MODIS; solar diffuser; blackbody; calibration; scan mirror; detector;
reflectance; RVS
ID SOLAR BANDS; CALIBRATION; PERFORMANCE
AB Since their respective launches in December 1999 and May 2002, NASA's EOS Terra and Aqua MODIS have successfully operated on-orbit for more than 8.5 and 6 years. MODIS collects data using a two-sided scan mirror over a large scan angle range. It has 36 spectral bands with wavelengths ranging from visible (VIS) to long-wave infrared (LWIR). The scan mirror is made of a polished, nickel-plated beryllium base coated with high purity silver, which is then over-coated with the Denton proprietary silicon monoxide and silicon dioxide mixture. The scan mirror's reflectance was characterized pre-launch using its witness samples, and the response versus scan angle (RVS) was measured at the sensor system level. In this study, we present an assessment of the MODIS scan mirror's on-orbit degradation by examining changes in spectral band responses over each sensor's mission lifetime. On-orbit results show that the scan mirror's optical properties for both Terra and Aqua MODIS have experienced significant degradation in the VIS spectral region. The degradation is mirror side dependent as well as scan angle dependent. For MODIS spectral bands at longer wavelengths, the degradation is relatively small. For Terra MODIS, the VIS spectral band degradation is noticeably different between the mirror sides, with bands 8 and 9 showing the largest differences, up to 10%. In contrast, the mirror side differences in Aqua MODIS are much smaller for all spectral bands. Also illustrated in this paper are examples of the mirror side differences, before and after on-orbit correction.
C1 [Xiong, X.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Xiong, X (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov
RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7301-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7081
AR 70810B
DI 10.1117/12.792705
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BIQ51
UT WOS:000262056800009
ER
PT S
AU Xiong, X
Sun, J
Meister, G
Kwiatkowska, E
Barnes, WL
AF Xiong, X.
Sun, J.
Meister, G.
Kwiatkowska, E.
Barnes, W. L.
BE Butler, JJ
TI Characterization of MODIS VIS/NIR Spectral Band Detector-to-Detector
Differences
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIII
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIII
CY AUG 11-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
DE MODIS; solar diffuser; lunar observations; calibration; ocean color;
VIS; NIR
ID REFLECTIVE SOLAR BANDS; ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION; PERFORMANCE
AB MODIS has 36 spectral bands with wavelengths in the visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR), short-wave infrared (SWIR), mid-wave infrared (MWIR), and long-wave infrared (LWIR). It makes observations at three nadir spatial resolutions: 0.25km for bands 1-2 (40 detectors per band), 0.5km for bands 3-7 (20 detectors per band), and I km for bands 8-36 (10 detectors per band). The VIS, NIR, and SWIR are the reflective solar bands (RSB), which are calibrated on-orbit by a solar diffuser (SD) and a solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM). The bi-directional reflectance factor (BRF) of the SD provides a RSB calibration reference and its on-orbit changes are tracked by the SDSM. In addition.. MODIS lunar observations are regularly scheduled and used to track the RSB calibration stability. On-orbit observations show that the changes in detector response are wavelength and scan angle dependent. In this study, we focus on detector-to-detector calibration differences in the MODIS VIS/NIR spectral bands, which are determined using SD and lunar observations, while the calibration performance is evaluated using the Earth view (EV) level IB (LIB) data products. For Aqua MODIS, the detector calibration differences and their impact are also characterized using standard ocean color data products. The current calibration approach for MODIS RSB carries a band-averaged response versus scan angle (RVS) correction. The results from this study suggest that a detector-based RVS correction should, due to changes in the scan mirror's optical properties, be implemented in order to maintain and improve the current RSB L I B data product quality, particularly, for several VIS bands in Terra MODIS.
C1 [Xiong, X.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Xiong, X (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov
RI Meister, Gerhard/F-7159-2012; Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7301-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7081
AR 70810C
DI 10.1117/12.792700
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BIQ51
UT WOS:000262056800010
ER
PT J
AU Thomas-Osip, JE
Lederer, SM
Osip, DJ
Vilas, F
Domingue, D
Jarvis, K
Leeds, SL
AF Thomas-Osip, J. E.
Lederer, S. M.
Osip, D. J.
Vilas, F.
Domingue, D.
Jarvis, K.
Leeds, S. L.
TI The 2004 Las Campanas/Lowell Observatory Itokawa campaign: I.
Simultaneous visible and near-infrared photometry of the Hayabusa
mission target
SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd Hayabusa International Symposium
CY JUL 12-14, 2006
CL Univ Tokyo, Takeda Hall, Tokyo, JAPAN
HO Univ Tokyo, Takeda Hall
DE asteroid Itokawa; near-Earth objects; spectrophotometry
ID AMPLITUDE-PHASE RELATIONSHIP; 25143 1998 SF36; ASTEROID-25143 ITOKAWA;
CCD PHOTOMETRY; STANDARD STARS; 25143-ITOKAWA
AB In 2004, Asteroid 25143 Itokawa made its final close approach to the Earth prior to its encounter with the Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa. This apparition was superb with Itokawa reaching magnitude 12 (two magnitudes brighter than the 2001 apparition and the brightest since its discovery in 1998) and covering a large range of observable solar phase angles. An extensive visible and near-infrared observing campaign of Itokawa was undertaken at Las Campanas and Lowell Observatories to obtain full rotational coverage and cover the largest possible range of solar phase angles (4-129 degrees). Unresolved global color mapping over the complete light curve (best fit synodic period of 12.118 hr) shows no sign of rotational color variability with upper limits of a few percent across the full U-thru-K spectrum. These combined multi-wavelength (UBVRIJHK) rotational light curves allow for the concrete deconvolution of shape from albedo variation in the rotational models and as required for Hapke modeling presented in Paper II (Lederer et al., this issue), permits the removal of the rotational light curve effects from the solar phase curve. Furthermore, these derived solar phase curves can be fit with the IAU H,G magnitude system (Bowell et al., 1989) thus allowing the calculation of geometric albedos (p(v) = 0.23 +/- 0.02) as well as an estimate of the asteroid's elongated shape (a/b = 1.9 +/- 0.1) via the amplitude-phase relationtionship (Zappala et al., 1990). Results derived from the extensive ground-based campaigns are compared and contrasted with the much higher spatial resolution in situ measurements made by the Hayabusa spacecraft. The 'ground-truth' provided by the Hayabusa mission results shed light on the inferences that can begin to be made for the general asteroid population.
C1 [Thomas-Osip, J. E.; Osip, D. J.] Las Campanas Observ, Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, La Serena, Chile.
[Lederer, S. M.; Leeds, S. L.] Calif State Univ San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA.
[Lederer, S. M.; Vilas, F.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Domingue, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Thomas-Osip, JE (reprint author), Las Campanas Observ, Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Casilla 601, La Serena, Chile.
EM jet@lco.cl
NR 32
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 3
PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO
PI TOKYO
PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO,
158-0083, JAPAN
SN 1343-8832
J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE
JI Earth Planets Space
PY 2008
VL 60
IS 1
BP 39
EP 48
PG 10
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 271XF
UT WOS:000253821300006
ER
PT J
AU Lederer, SM
Domingue, DL
Thomas-Osip, JE
Vilas, F
Osip, DJ
Leeds, SL
Jarvis, KS
AF Lederer, S. M.
Domingue, D. L.
Thomas-Osip, J. E.
Vilas, F.
Osip, D. J.
Leeds, S. L.
Jarvis, K. S.
TI The 2004 Las Campanas/Lowell Observatory campaign II. Surface properties
of Hayabusa target asteroid 25143 Itokawa inferred from Hapke modeling
SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd Hayabusa International Symposium
CY JUL 12-14, 2006
CL Univ Tokyo, Takeda Hall, Tokyo, JAPAN
HO Univ Tokyo, Takeda Hall
DE surfaces; asteroids; photometry; regoliths; composition
ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; COHERENT BACKSCATTER; GALILEO
PHOTOMETRY; PLANETARY SURFACES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; 1998 SF36; ITOKAWA;
SPACECRAFT; PARTICLES; 433-EROS
AB We present an analysis of Hapke photometric modeling applied to uniform ground-based UBVRIJHK broadband data of asteroid 25143 Itokawa collected over a wide range of solar phase angles (4 degrees-130 degrees) during the 2004 apparition (Thomas-Osip et al., this issue, hereafter Paper 1). Our photometric analyses indicate that Itokawa has a blocky surface with properties different from other, albeit larger, S-class asteroids studied using similar Hapke modeling analyses. Images from the Hayabusa spacecraft affirm the Hapke modeling results, demonstrating the ability of Hapke photometric modeling to predict a rocky asteroid surface correctly; this is the first time that a predicted rocky surface has been observed by a spacecraft. The single particle scattering functions are dominantly forward scattering, suggesting the surface material is composed primarily of clear particles whose scattering is dictated by the particle's surface as opposed to internal scatterers (more typical of S-class asteroids), while the opposition parameters indicate that the regolith may be more compact than most of the limited number of asteroids visited by spacecraft to date. The roughness properties, single particle scattering properties, and opposition surge characteristics are all indicative of a surface where multiple scattering does not play a major role in defining the photometric properties of the regolith.
C1 [Lederer, S. M.; Leeds, S. L.] Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Phys, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA.
[Domingue, D. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Thomas-Osip, J. E.; Osip, D. J.] Las Campanas Observ, Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, La Serena, Chile.
[Vilas, F.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astron Res & Explorat Sci, Planetary Astron Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Jarvis, K. S.] ESC Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Lederer, SM (reprint author), Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Phys, 5500 Univ Pkwy, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA.
EM slederer@csusb.edu
NR 34
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO
PI TOKYO
PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO,
158-0083, JAPAN
SN 1343-8832
J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE
JI Earth Planets Space
PY 2008
VL 60
IS 1
BP 49
EP 59
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 271XF
UT WOS:000253821300007
ER
PT J
AU A'Hearn, MF
Belton, MJS
Collins, SM
Farnham, TL
Feaga, LM
Groussin, O
Lisse, CM
Meech, KJ
Schultz, PH
Sunshine, JM
AF A'Hearn, Michael F.
Belton, Michael J. S.
Collins, Steven M.
Farnham, Tony L.
Feaga, Lori M.
Groussin, Olivier
Lisse, Carey M.
Meech, Karen J.
Schultz, Peter H.
Sunshine, Jessica M.
TI Deep Impact and sample return
SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd Hayabusa International Symposium
CY JUL 12-14, 2006
CL Univ Tokyo, Takeda Hall, Tokyo, JAPAN
HO Univ Tokyo, Takeda Hall
DE comets; sample return; ice; nucleus
ID COMET 9P/TEMPEL-1; EJECTA PLUME; WATER ICE; COMET-9P/TEMPEL-1; SURFACE;
COMET-TEMPEL-1; TEMPEL-1; NUCLEUS
AB Returning a cold sample containing the ices from a cometary nucleus has long been an unachievable goal of cometary scientists. The results from the Deep Impact encounter with comet Tempel 1 suggest that the task is much easier than previously thought. Thus a cold sample return with ice becomes an achievable goal, at least from comet Tempel I and plausibly from other, active Jupiter-family comets.
C1 [A'Hearn, Michael F.; Farnham, Tony L.; Feaga, Lori M.; Groussin, Olivier; Sunshine, Jessica M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Belton, Michael J. S.] BSEI, Tucson, AZ 85716 USA.
[Collins, Steven M.] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Lisse, Carey M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, SD SRE, ZMP 3, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Meech, Karen J.] Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Schultz, Peter H.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
RP A'Hearn, MF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM ma@astro.umd.edu
RI Lisse, Carey/B-7772-2016
OI Lisse, Carey/0000-0002-9548-1526
NR 24
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 3
PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO
PI TOKYO
PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO,
158-0083, JAPAN
SN 1343-8832
J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE
JI Earth Planets Space
PY 2008
VL 60
IS 1
BP 61
EP 66
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 271XF
UT WOS:000253821300008
ER
PT J
AU Vilas, F
Jensen, EA
Domingue, DL
McFadden, LA
Runyon, CJ
Mendell, WW
AF Vilas, Faith
Jensen, Elizabeth A.
Domingue, Deborah L.
McFadden, Lucy A.
Runyon, Cassandra J.
Mendell, Wendell W.
TI A newly-identified spectral reflectance signature near the lunar South
pole and the South Pole-Aitken Basin
SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd Hayabusa International Symposium
CY JUL 12-14, 2006
CL Univ Tokyo, Takeda Hall, Tokyo, JAPAN
HO Univ Tokyo, Takeda Hall
DE moon; lunar surface composition; spectral reflectance; lunar mineralogy;
lunar remote sensing
ID STATE IMAGING DATA; COMPOSITIONAL VARIATIONS; ORIENTALE REGION; WATER
ICE; MOON; MERCURY; CLEMENTINE; STABILITY; MINERALS; DEPOSITS
AB Signal analysis of Galileo images of the Moon suggests the presence of an absorption band centered near 0.7 mu m in the reflectance spectra of areas located adjacent to the equatorward walls of lunar craters at latitudes ranging from -58 to -78 degrees, and areas contained in the South Pole-Aitken Basin. We propose three potential explanations: an Fe (2+) -> Fe3+ charge transfer transition in oxidized iron in clinopyroxenes (high-Ca bearing pyroxenes) or phyllosilicates (Fe- and Mg-bearing sheet silicates containing adsorbed H2O and interlayer OH-), or an effect of titanium in ilmenite (a common lunar opaque material). No identification of the mineralogy is conclusive. The presence and nature of the absorption feature could be confirmed using AMICA images of the lunar far side from the Japanese mission Hayabusa, spectroscopic results from the Japanese mission Selene scheduled for launch in 2007, or the Moon Mineralology Mapper on the Indian mission Chandrayaan-1.
C1 [Vilas, Faith] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Jensen, Elizabeth A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Domingue, Deborah L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[McFadden, Lucy A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Runyon, Cassandra J.] Coll Charleston, Dept Geol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA.
[Mendell, Wendell W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Vilas, F (reprint author), Univ Arizona, MMT Observ, POB 210065, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM fvilas@mmto.org
RI McFadden, Lucy-Ann/I-4902-2013
OI McFadden, Lucy-Ann/0000-0002-0537-9975
NR 50
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO
PI TOKYO
PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO,
158-0083, JAPAN
SN 1343-8832
J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE
JI Earth Planets Space
PY 2008
VL 60
IS 1
BP 67
EP 74
PG 8
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 271XF
UT WOS:000253821300009
ER
PT J
AU Kuo, CY
Shum, CK
Guo, JY
Yi, YC
Braun, A
Fukumori, I
Matsumoto, K
Sato, T
Shibuya, K
AF Kuo, Chung-Yen
Shum, C. K.
Guo, Jun-yi
Yi, Yuchan
Braun, Alexander
Fukumori, Ichiro
Matsumoto, Koji
Sato, Tadahiro
Shibuya, Kazuo
TI Southern Ocean mass variation studies using GRACE and satellite
altimetry
SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE
LA English
DT Article
DE Southern Ocean; GRACE; altimetry
ID STERIC SEA-LEVEL; ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; VARIABILITY; GRAVITY;
MODELS; VOLUME
AB The Southern Ocean is a major link between the world oceans via complicated processes associated with the melting and accumulation of the vast Antarctic ice sheets and the surrounding sea ice. The Southern Ocean sea level is poorly observed except from recent near-polar orbiting space geodetic satellites. In this study, the Southern Ocean mass variations at the seasonal scale are compared using three independent data sets: (1) the Gravity Recovery And Climate Recovery Experiment (GRACE) observed ocean bottom pressure (OBP), (2) steric-corrected satellite altimetry (ENVISAT) and, (3) the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) model OBP data. The height difference between sea level derived from altimetry and steric sea level contains the vertical displacement of the Earth surface due to elastic loading. Here we provide a formulation of this loading term which has not been considered previously in other studies and demonstrate that it is not negligible, especially for regional studies. In this study, we first conduct a global comparison using steric-corrected JASON-1 altimetry with GRACE to validate our technique and to compare with recent studies. The global ocean mass variation comparison shows excellent agreement with high correlation (similar to 0.81) and with discrepancies at 3-5 mm RMS. However, the discrepancies in the Southern Ocean are much larger at 12-17 mm RMS. The mis-modeling of geocenter variations and the second degree zonal harmonic (J(2)) degrade the accuracy of GRACE-derived mass variations, and the choice of ocean temperature data sets and neglecting the loading correction on altimetry affect the OBP comparisons between GRACE and altimetry. This study indicates that the satellite observations (GRACE and ENVISAT) are capable of providing an improved constraint of oceanic mass variations in the Southern Ocean.
C1 [Kuo, Chung-Yen] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Geomat, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
[Shum, C. K.; Guo, Jun-yi; Yi, Yuchan] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Braun, Alexander] Univ Calgary, Dept Geomat Engn, Calgary, AB, Canada.
[Fukumori, Ichiro] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Matsumoto, Koji] Natl Astron Observ, Mizusawa, Iwate, Japan.
[Sato, Tadahiro] Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Predict Earthquakes & Volcan Erupt, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan.
[Shibuya, Kazuo] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan.
RP Kuo, CY (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Geomat, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
EM kuo70@mail.ncku.edu.tw
RI Guo, Jun-Yi/E-9608-2011
NR 38
TC 8
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 7
PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO
PI TOKYO
PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO,
158-0083, JAPAN
SN 1343-8832
EI 1880-5981
J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE
JI Earth Planets Space
PY 2008
VL 60
IS 5
BP 477
EP 485
PG 9
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 309MW
UT WOS:000256465900005
ER
PT J
AU von Frese, RRB
Kim, JW
Hernandez, O
Kim, HR
Asgharzadeh, MF
AF von Frese, Ralph R. B.
Kim, Jeong Woo
Hernandez, Orlando
Kim, Hyung Rae
Asgharzadeh, Mohammad F.
TI Assessing intraplate earthquake hazards from satellite geopotential
field observations
SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE
LA English
DT Article
DE earthquake; hazards; gravity; magnetic; satellite data
ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; ANOMALY CONSTRAINTS; NORTH-AMERICA; GRAVITY;
OHIO; MAGNETIZATION; MIDCONTINENT; ATTENUATION; EXPRESSION; PHASES
AB Satellite magnetic and gravity field observations provide important constraints on the poorly understood lithospheric properties of intraplate earthquakes because they map lateral long-wavelength contrasts in magnetization and density, respectively, related to petrological, structural, and thermal variations that help control the distribution of lithospheric stress. These anomalies are each a product of the vertically integrated physical property times the layer thickness. Thus, they constrain and enhance the geological utility of near-surface geopotential surveys, as well as seismic, GPS, and other geophysical observations that map the geological and dynamic properties of the lithosphere. To illustrate this synergy, we consider the influence of the US Transcontinental Magnetic Anomaly (TMA) on crustal stress and earthquake activity along the 38(th) parallel. In another example, we compare crustal earthquake stress constraints from gravity and seismic observations of the US mid-continent and North Andes microplate where starkly contrasting plate tectonic forces operate.
C1 [von Frese, Ralph R. B.; Hernandez, Orlando; Asgharzadeh, Mohammad F.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Kim, Jeong Woo] Univ Calgary, Dept Geomat Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
[Kim, Jeong Woo] Sejong Univ, Dept Geoinformat Engn, Seoul, South Korea.
[Hernandez, Orlando] Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Geosci, Bogota, Colombia.
[Kim, Hyung Rae] Univ Maryland, GEST, Baltimore Cty Planetary Geodynam Lab, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP von Frese, RRB (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM kimhr@kongju.ac.kr
NR 46
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 3
PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO
PI TOKYO
PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO,
158-0083, JAPAN
SN 1343-8832
J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE
JI Earth Planets Space
PY 2008
VL 60
IS 5
BP 487
EP 495
PG 9
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 309MW
UT WOS:000256465900006
ER
PT J
AU Taylor, PT
Kim, HR
Kutina, J
Johnson, GL
AF Taylor, Patrick T.
Kim, Hyung Rae
Kutina, Jan
Johnson, G. Leonard
TI Geohazard assessment from satellite magnetic data modeling-with examples
from the Arctic Margin along the Canada Basin and the Korean Peninsula
along 40 degrees N (latitude) parallel
SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE
LA English
DT Article
DE magnetic anomalies; Arctic Margin; Korean Peninsula; stress; tectonics
ID GRAVITY; ALASKA
AB Long-wavelength, relative high-amplitude-magnetic anomalies obtained at satellite altitudes have provided an understanding of the nature of the deeper crust of the Earth. We have studied two such long-wavelength anomalies in regions of high stress-one with a large and one with a lower amplitude anomaly. The first feature is on the Canada Basin continental margin in the Northwest and Yukon Territories, Canada (magnetic anomaly range: 19 nT to -6 nT at 350-km altitude). This area is also the focus of significant stress and earthquake activity. We interpret this anomaly and associated tectonic activity with this region's position at or near the fulcrum of the scissors-like opening of the Canada Basin in the mid-Mesozoic Era. The second is a section along the 40 degrees N (latitude) parallel crossing the Korean Peninsula (magnetic anomaly range: <-2 nT to >3 nT at 350-km altitude), where an east-west fracture zone has been proposed to extend from northeastern China, across the Korean Peninsula, Sea of Japan and (Northern) Japan.
C1 [Taylor, Patrick T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kim, Hyung Rae] GEST UMBC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kim, Hyung Rae] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kutina, Jan] American Univ, Dept Chem, Lab Global Tecton & Met, Washington, DC 20016 USA.
[Johnson, G. Leonard] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Taylor, PT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Patrick.Taylor@nasa.gov
RI Taylor, Patrick/D-4707-2012
OI Taylor, Patrick/0000-0002-1212-9384
NR 27
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 2
PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO
PI TOKYO
PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO,
158-0083, JAPAN
SN 1343-8832
J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE
JI Earth Planets Space
PY 2008
VL 60
IS 5
BP 497
EP 503
PG 7
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 309MW
UT WOS:000256465900007
ER
PT S
AU Bar-Cohen, Y
AF Bar-Cohen, Yoseph
BE Bar-Cohen, Y
TI Humanlike robots as platforms for Electroactive Polymers (EAP)
SO ELECTROACTIVE POLYMER ACTUATORS AND DEVICES (EAPAD) 2008
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD 2008)
CY MAR 10-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn
DE biomimetics; biologically inspired technologies; robotics; EAP;
electroactive polymers
AB Human-like robots, which have been a science fiction for many years, are increasingly becoming an engineering reality thanks to many technology advances in recent years. Humans have always sought to irritate the human appearance, functions and intelligence and as the capability progresses they may become our household appliance or even companion. Biomimetic technologies are increasingly becoming common tools to support the development of such robots. As artificial muscles, electroactive polymers (EAP) are offering important actuation capability for making such machines lifelike. The current limitations of EAP are hampering the possibilities that can be adapted in such robots but progress is continually being made. As opposed to other human made machines and devices, this technology raises various questions and concerns that need to be addressed. These include the need to prevent accidents, deliberate harm, or their use in crimes. In this paper the state-of-the-art and the challenges will be reviewed.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Bar-Cohen, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM yosi@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7113-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 6927
AR 692703
DI 10.1117/12.776471
PG 6
WC Optics; Polymer Science
SC Optics; Polymer Science
GA BHX63
UT WOS:000257246800001
ER
PT S
AU Ihlefeld, CM
Qu, ZH
AF Ihlefeld, Curtis M.
Qu, Zhihua
BE Bar-Cohen, Y
TI A dielectric electroactive polymer generator-actuator model: Modeling,
identification, and dynamic simulation
SO ELECTROACTIVE POLYMER ACTUATORS AND DEVICES (EAPAD) 2008
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD 2008)
CY MAR 10-13, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn
DE electroactive polymer; EAPD; actuator; generator; dynamics; simulation
ID ELASTOMER ACTUATORS; ELECTROSTRICTION
AB Dielectric electroactive polymer membranes have been shown to have capabilities both as actuators and generators. Recent models of actuators have shown input to output dynamics that link the electrical energy input to the acceleration of a mass.' Models such as these are useful for implementing closed loop control systems and will be necessary in the future for the construction of robust and fault tolerant controls. On the other hand, explanations of the generator behavior of dielectric EAP devices tend to ignore full dynamics. In this paper it is demonstrated that an EAP actuator model with full electrical-mechanical dynamics can be used as a generator model with the generator input force equivalent to the actuator disturbance force. Since the generator and actuator models are equivalent, it can be shown how disturbance inputs can cause energy surges back toward the electrical input. Simulations and experimental results are provided of a device model that describes generation and actuation.
C1 [Ihlefeld, Curtis M.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Appl Phys Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
RP Ihlefeld, CM (reprint author), NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Appl Phys Lab, Off Code KT-D-1, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
EM curtis.m.ihlefeld@nasa.gov; qu@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu
NR 13
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7113-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 6927
AR 69270R
DI 10.1117/12.775544
PG 11
WC Optics; Polymer Science
SC Optics; Polymer Science
GA BHX63
UT WOS:000257246800022
ER
PT S
AU Clancey, WJ
Sierhuis, M
Seah, C
Buckley, C
Reynolds, F
Hall, T
Scott, M
AF Clancey, William J.
Sierhuis, Maarten
Seah, Chin
Buckley, Chris
Reynolds, Fisher
Hall, Tim
Scott, Mike
BE Artikis, A
OHare, GMP
Stathis, K
Vouros, G
TI Multi-agent Simulation to Implementation: A Practical Engineering
Methodology for Designing Space Flight Operations
SO ENGINEERING SOCIETIES IN THE AGENTS WORLD VIII
SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Workshop on Engineering Societies in the Agents World
CY OCT 22-24, 2007
CL Athens, GREECE
SP Univ Aegean, EU Funded Project Argugrid, cosmoONE Hellas MarketSite, NCSR, Hellen Artificial Intelligence Soc, Inst Human & Mach Cognit, Imperial College London
DE Work Systems Design; Work Practice Simulation; Decision Support System;
Multi-Agent System; Agent-based Systems Integration; Space Flight
Operations
ID WORK; SYSTEM
AB OCAMS is a practical engineering application of multi-agent systems technology, involving redesign of the tools and practices in a complex, distributed system. OCAMS is designed to assist flight controllers in managing interactions with the file system onboard the International Space Station. The "simulation to implementation" development methodology combines ethnography, participatory design, multiagent simulation, and agent-based systems integration. We describe the model of existing operations and how it was converted into a future operations simulation that embeds a multiagent tool that automates part of the work. This hybrid simulation flexibly combines actual and simulated systems (e.g., mail) and objects (e.g., files) with simulated people, and is validated with actual data. A middleware infrastructure for agent societies is thus demonstrated in which agents are used to link arbitrary hardware and software systems to distributed teams of people on earth and in space-the first step in developing an interplanetary multiagent system.
C1 [Clancey, William J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Sierhuis, Maarten] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, QSS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Seah, Chin; Scott, Mike] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, QSS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Buckley, Chris; Reynolds, Fisher] NASA, Johnson space ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Clancey, WJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM William.J.Cancey@NASA.Gov; Maarten.Sierhuis-1@NASA.Gov;
CSeah@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Christopher.B.Buckley@NASA.Gov;
f.f.reynolds@NASA.Gov; Timothy.A.Hall@NASA.Gov;
mscott@ptolemy.arc.nasa.gov
FU NASA's Constellation Program
FX Brahms was originally developed 1992-1997 as a joint project between
NYNEX Science & Technology and The Institute for Research on Learning
[1, 5], and reengineered in Java at ARC from 1998-2001. The runtime form
of Brahms was developed in the Mobile Agents project [10]. We are
grateful to Tom Diegelman at NASA JSC for promoting applications of
Brahms to mission operations design and securing seed funding for this
project in 2006 [11]; Brian Anderson, Dennis Webb, and Ernie Smith also
provided essential support. Several other OCA officers not listed as
co-authors reviewed and commented on the OCAMS specifications, including
Skip Moore and Karen Wells. This project has been supported in part by
funding from NASAs Constellation Program.
NR 19
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-540-87653-3
J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT
PY 2008
VL 4995
BP 108
EP +
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
SC Computer Science
GA BIO46
UT WOS:000261347600005
ER
PT S
AU Kramer, LJ
Williams, SP
Bailey, RE
AF Kramer, Lynda J.
Williams, Steven P.
Bailey, Randall E.
BE Guell, JJ
DeHaag, MU
TI Simulation evaluation of synthetic vision as an enabling technology for
Equivalent Visual Operations
SO ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2008
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2008
CY MAR 18-20, 2008
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE synthetic vision system; head-up display; global positioning system;
aviation safety; Next Generation Air Transportation System; approach
lighting system; Equivalent Visual Operations
AB Enhanced Vision (EV) and synthetic vision (SV) systems may serve as enabling technologies to meet the challenges of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) Equivalent Visual Operations (EVO) concept - that is, the ability to achieve or even improve on the safety of Visual Flight Rules (VFR) operations, maintain the operational tempos of VFR, and even, perhaps, retain VFR procedures independent of actual weather and visibility conditions. One significant challenge lies in the definition of required equipage on the aircraft and on the airport to enable the EVO concept objective. A piloted simulation experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the presence or absence of Synthetic Vision, the location of this information during an instrument approach (i.e., on a Head-Up or Head-Down Primary Flight Display), and the type of airport lighting information on landing minima. The quantitative data from this experiment were analyzed to begin the definition of performance-based criteria for all-weather approach and landing operations. Objective results from the present study showed that better approach performance was attainable with the head-up display (HUD) compared to the head-down display (HDD). A slight performance improvement in HDD performance was shown when SV was added, as the pilots descended below 200 ft to a 100 ft decision altitude, but this performance was not tested for statistical significance (nor was it expected to be statistically significant). The touchdown data showed that regardless of the display concept flown (SV HUD, Baseline HUD, SV HDD, Baseline HDD) a majority of the runs were within the performance-based defined approach and landing criteria in all the visibility levels, approach lighting systems, and decision altitudes tested. For this visual flight maneuver, RVR appeared to be the most significant influence in touchdown performance. The approach lighting system clearly impacted the pilot's ability to descend to 100 ft height above touchdown based on existing Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) 91.175 using a 200 ft decision height, but did not appear to influence touchdown performance or approach path maintenance.
C1 [Kramer, Lynda J.; Williams, Steven P.; Bailey, Randall E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Kramer, LJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, M-S 152, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM lynda.j.kramer@nasa.gov
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7148-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 6957
AR 69570K
DI 10.1117/12.772775
PG 15
WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA BHZ15
UT WOS:000257578400018
ER
PT S
AU Williams, SP
Arthur, JJ
Shelton, KJ
Prinzel, LJ
Norman, RM
AF Williams, Steven P.
Arthur, Jarvis (Trey) J., III
Shelton, Kevin J.
Prinzel, Lawrence J., III
Norman, R. Michael
BE Guell, JJ
DeHaag, MU
TI Synthetic Vision for lunar and planetary landing vehicles
SO ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2008
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2008
CY MAR 18-20, 2008
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE Synthetic Vision; cockpit; moon; spacecraft; modeling; simulation
AB The Crew Vehicle Interface (CVI) group of the Integrated Intelligent Flight Deck Technologies (IIFDT) has done extensive research in the area of Synthetic Vision (SV), and has shown that SV technology can substantially enhance flight crew situation awareness, reduce pilot workload, promote flight path control precision and improve aviation safety. SV technology is being extended to evaluate its utility for lunar and planetary exploration vehicles. SV may hold significant potential for many lunar and planetary missions since the SV presentation provides a computer-generated view of the terrain and other significant environment characteristics independent of the outside visibility conditions, window locations, or vehicle attributes. SV allows unconstrained control of the computer-generated scene lighting, terrain coloring, and virtual camera angles which may provide invaluable visual cues to pilots/astronauts and in addition, important vehicle state information may be conformally displayed on the view such as forward and down velocities, altitude, and fuel remaining to enhance trajectory control and vehicle system status. This paper discusses preliminary SV concepts for tactical and strategic displays for a lunar landing vehicle. The technical challenges and potential solutions to SV applications for the lunar landing mission are explored, including the requirements for high resolution terrain lunar maps and an accurate position and orientation of the vehicle that is essential in providing lunar Synthetic Vision System (SVS) cockpit displays. The paper also discusses the technical challenge of creating an accurate synthetic terrain portrayal using an ellipsoid lunar digital elevation model which eliminates projection errors and can be efficiently rendered in real-time.
C1 [Williams, Steven P.; Arthur, Jarvis (Trey) J., III; Shelton, Kevin J.; Prinzel, Lawrence J., III] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Williams, SP (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
EM steven.p.williams@nasa.gov
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7148-2
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 6957
AR 695706
DI 10.1117/12.777079
PG 12
WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA BHZ15
UT WOS:000257578400006
ER
PT J
AU Hamer, PD
Shallcross, DE
Yabushita, A
Kawasaki, M
AF Hamer, P. D.
Shallcross, D. E.
Yabushita, A.
Kawasaki, M.
TI Modelling the impact of possible snowpack emissions of O(P-3) and NO2 on
photochemistry in the South Pole boundary layer
SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE nitrate and ice chemistry; oxygen atoms; ozone; reaction dynamics
ID SPRUCE-FIR FOREST; OZONE FLUXES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ANTARCTIC SNOW;
NITRIC-OXIDE; ISCAT 2000; CHEMISTRY; VARIABILITY; PHOTOLYSIS; SURFACE
AB O(P-3) emissions due to photolysis of nitrate were recently identified from ice surfaces doped with nitric acid. O(P-3) atoms react directly with molecular oxygen to yield ozone. Therefore, these results may have direct bearing on photochemical activity monitored at the South Pole, a site already noted for elevated summertime surface ozone concentrations. NO2 is also produced via the photolysis of nitrate and the firn air contains elevated levels of NO2, which will lead to direct emission of NO2. A photochemical box model was used to probe what effect O(P-3) and NO2 emissions have on ozone concentrations within the South Pole boundary layer. The results suggest that these emissions could account for a portion of the observed ozone production at the South Pole and may explain the observed upward fluxes of ozone identified there.
C1 [Hamer, P. D.; Shallcross, D. E.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England.
[Yabushita, A.; Kawasaki, M.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Mol Engn, Kyoto 6158510, Japan.
RP Hamer, PD (reprint author), NASA, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 183-601, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM paul.d.hamer@jpl.nasa.gov
FU National Environment Research Council (NERC); BAS; Daiwa Anglo-Japanese
Foundation; Ministry of Education of Japan
FX P. D. Hamer would like to thank National Environment Research Council
(NERC) and BAS for funding, and Will Harris, Betty Hamer and Laura
Watson for special assistance. Special thanks to Greg Huey for allowing
access to the ISCAT 2000 dataset and to Doug Davis for extremely helpful
discussion. D. E. Shallcross and M. Kawasaki thank the Daiwa
Anglo-Japanese Foundation for a Daiwa-Adrian award that supported the
current work. A. Yabushita and M. Kawasaki thank the Ministry of
Education of Japan for financial support.
NR 33
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 7
PU CSIRO PUBLISHING
PI COLLINGWOOD
PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA
SN 1448-2517
J9 ENVIRON CHEM
JI Environ. Chem.
PY 2008
VL 5
IS 4
BP 268
EP 273
DI 10.1071/EN08022
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences
SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 339QL
UT WOS:000258592000003
ER
PT B
AU Gontijo, I
Qiu, YM
Shapiro, AA
AF Gontijo, Ivair
Qiu, Yueming
Shapiro, Andrew A.
GP IEEE
TI Reliability of Semiconductor Laser Packaging in Space Applications
SO ESTC 2008: 2ND ELECTRONICS SYSTEM-INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE,
VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference
CY SEP 01-04, 2008
CL Greenwich, ENGLAND
SP Univ Greenwich, IEEE, CPMT, iMAPS
ID HIGH-POWER
AB A typical set up used to perform lifetime tests of packaged, fiber pigtailed semiconductor lasers is described, as well as tests performed on a set of four pump lasers. It was found that two lasers failed after 3200 and 6100 hours under device specified bias conditions at elevated temperatures. Failure analysis of the lasers indicates imperfections and carbon contamination of the laser metallization, possibly from improperly cleaned photo resist. SEM imaging of the front facet of one of the lasers, although of poor quality due to the optical fiber charging effects, shows evidence of catastrophic damage at the facet.
More stringent manufacturing controls with 100% visual inspection of laser chips are needed to prevent imperfect lasers from proceeding to packaging and ending up in space applications, where failure can result in the loss of a space flight mission.
C1 [Gontijo, Ivair; Qiu, Yueming; Shapiro, Andrew A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Gontijo, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4244-2813-7
PY 2008
BP 1127
EP 1129
DI 10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684510
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information
Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BIN61
UT WOS:000261094400201
ER
PT J
AU Barton, RJ
Zheng, R
Gezici, S
Veeravalli, VV
AF Barton, Richard J.
Zheng, Rong
Gezici, Sinan
Veeravalli, Venugopal V.
TI Signal processing for location estimation and tracking in wireless
environments
SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID GEOLOCATION; CHANNELS
C1 [Barton, Richard J.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ERC Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Zheng, Rong] Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
[Gezici, Sinan] Bilkent Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey.
[Veeravalli, Venugopal V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Barton, RJ (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ERC Inc, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM richard.j.barton@nasa.gov
NR 18
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 3
PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION
PI NEW YORK
PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA
SN 1687-6172
J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR
JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process.
PY 2008
AR 356546
DI 10.1155/2008/356546
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 297SR
UT WOS:000255637700001
ER
PT J
AU Barton, RJ
Rao, D
AF Barton, Richard J.
Rao, Divya
TI Performance capabilities of long-range UWB-IR TDOA localization systems
SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING
LA English
DT Article
ID LOCATION
AB The theoretical and practical performance limits of a 2D ultra-wideband impulse-radio localization system operating in the far field are studied under the assumption that estimates of location are based on time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements. Performance is evaluated in the presence of errors in both the TDOA measurements and the sensor locations. The performance of both optimal (maximum-likelihood) and suboptimal location estimation algorithms is studied and compared with the theoretical performance limit defined by the Cramer-Rao lower bound on the variance of unbiased TDOA location estimates. A novel weighted total-least-squares algorithm is introduced that compensates somewhat for errors in sensor positions and reduces the bias in location estimation compared with a widely used weighted least-squares approach. In addition, although target tracking per se is not considered in this paper, performance is evaluated both under the assumption that sequential location estimates are not aggregated as well as under the assumption that some sort of tracker is available to aggregate a sequence of estimates. Copyright (C) 2008 R. J. Barton and D. Rao.
C1 [Barton, Richard J.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Engn Res & Consulting Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Rao, Divya] Cisco Syst Inc, San Jose, CA 95134 USA.
RP Barton, RJ (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Engn Res & Consulting Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM richard.j.barton@nasa.gov
NR 22
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION
PI NEW YORK
PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA
SN 1687-6172
J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR
JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process.
PY 2008
AR 236791
DI 10.1155/2008/236791
PG 17
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 297SL
UT WOS:000255637100001
ER
PT J
AU Dardari, D
Conti, A
Lien, J
Win, MZ
AF Dardari, Davide
Conti, Andrea
Lien, Jaime
Win, Moe Z.
TI The effect of cooperation on UWB-based positioning systems using
experimental data
SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING
LA English
DT Article
ID MODEL; PROPAGATION; CHANNELS; RADIO
AB Positioning systems based on ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) technology have been considered recently especially for indoor environments due to the property of UWB signals to resolve multipath and penetrate obstacles. However, line-of-sight (LoS) blockage and excess propagation delay affect ranging measurements thus drastically reducing the positioning accuracy. In this paper, we first characterize and derive models for the range estimation error and the excess delay based on measured data from real-ranging devices. These models are used in various multilateration algorithms to determine the position of the target. From measurements in a real indoor scenario, we investigate how the localization accuracy is affected by the number of beacons and by the availability of priori information about the environment and network geometry. We also examine the case where multiple targets cooperate by measuring ranges not only from the beacons but also from each other. An iterative multilateration algorithm that incorporates information gathered through cooperation is then proposed with the purpose of improving the position estimation accuracy. Using numerical results, we demonstrate the impact of cooperation on the positioning accuracy.
C1 [Conti, Andrea] Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
[Conti, Andrea] Univ Ferrara, WiLAB, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
[Dardari, Davide] Univ Bologna, WiLAB, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
[Lien, Jaime] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Win, Moe Z.] MIT, Informat & Decis Syst Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Conti, A (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
EM a.conti@ieee.org
RI Conti, Andrea/B-7031-2015
OI Conti, Andrea/0000-0001-9224-2178
NR 31
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 8
PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION
PI NEW YORK
PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA
SN 1687-6172
J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR
JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process.
PY 2008
AR 513873
DI 10.1155/2008/513873
PG 11
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 312MI
UT WOS:000256675100001
ER
PT S
AU Hornby, GS
Yu, TN
AF Hornby, Gregory S.
Yu, Tina
BE Yu, T
Davis, L
Baydar, C
Roy, R
TI A SURVEY OF PRACTITIONERS OF EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION
SO EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION IN PRACTICE
SE Studies in Computational Intelligence
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
AB To assist in understanding trends in the field of Evolutionary Computation (EC) and in helping graduates find jobs in EC, we conducted a survey from March 2005 to February 2006 on members of the EC community. The analysis reveals various technology transfer strategies and activities took place during the past 50 years: parallel exploration of multiple application areas; a combination of exploitation and exploration approaches to develop EC applications; and the healthy migration of EC practitioners between different parts of the globe. We believe these emerged and self-organized phenomena contribute to the growth of the field. While there are still challenges in deploying evolutionary computation to industry in a grand scale, the EC community demonstrates the adaptability and resilience necessary to achieve that goal.
C1 [Hornby, Gregory S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Hornby, Gregory S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Yu, Tina] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Comp Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada.
EM hornby@email.arc.nasa.gov; tinayu@cs.mun.ca
NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 1860-949X
BN 978-3-540-75770-2
J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL
PY 2008
VL 88
BP 283
EP 297
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-75771-9
PG 15
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BMF28
UT WOS:000272087100015
ER
PT S
AU Keymeulen, D
Stoica, A
Zebulum, R
Katkoori, S
Fernando, P
Sankaran, H
Mojarradi, M
Daud, T
AF Keymeulen, Didier
Stoica, Adrian
Zebulum, Ricardo
Katkoori, Srinivas
Fernando, Pradeep
Sankaran, Hariharan
Mojarradi, Mohammad
Daud, Taher
BE Hornby, GS
Sekanina, L
Haddow, PC
TI Self-Reconfigurable Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuits Architecture
Comprising a Field Programmable Analog Array and a General Purpose
Genetic Algorithm IP Core
SO EVOLVABLE SYSTEMS: FROM BIOLOGY TO HARDWARE, PROCEEDINGS
SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Conference on Evolvable Systems
CY SEP 21-24, 2008
CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC
SP Brno Univ Technol, Fac Informat Technol, Camea, TESCAN, sro, Honeywell
DE Field Programmable Analog Array; Self-reconfigurable; Self-Healing and
Compensation
ID EVOLVABLE HARDWARE; EVOLUTION
AB Development of analog electronics solutions for space avionics is expensive and time-consuming. Lack of flexible analog devices, counterparts to digital Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), prevents analog designers from the benefits of rapid prototyping. This forces them to expensive and lengthy custom design, fabrication, and qualification of application specific integrated circuits (ASIC). This paper describes a recent FPAA design, the Self-Reconfigurable Analog Array (SRAA) that was developed at JPL. It has a large variety of analog building block components in the cells of the array and allows to operate over it wide range of temperature using a built in general purpose genetic algorithm (GA) engine as an intellectual property (IP) core.
C1 [Keymeulen, Didier; Stoica, Adrian; Zebulum, Ricardo; Mojarradi, Mohammad; Daud, Taher] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Katkoori, Srinivas; Fernando, Pradeep; Sankaran, Hariharan] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
RP Keymeulen, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM didier.keymeulen@jpl.nasa.gov
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Michael Watson
from NASA Marshall Space Flight Center; JPL Program Manager Elizabeth
Kolawa
FX The work described in this chapter was performed at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and was sponsored by the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). We are grateful
for encouragement and support from Project Manager Dr. Michael Watson
from NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA Program Managers Dr. Mita
Desai and Dr. Chris Moore and JPL Program Manager Elizabeth Kolawa.
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-540-85856-0
J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC
PY 2008
VL 5216
BP 225
EP +
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware &
Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science,
Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BIM71
UT WOS:000260884000020
ER
PT J
AU Haghighipour, N
AF Haghighipour, Nader
BE Mason, JW
TI Formation, Dynamical Evolution, and Habitability of Planets in Binary
Star Systems
SO EXOPLANETS: DETECTION, FORMATION, PROPERTIES, HABITABILITY
SE Springer Praxis Books
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID ELLIPTIC RESTRICTED PROBLEM; ALPHA-CENTAURI SYSTEM; GAMMA-CEPHEI SYSTEM;
CARBON-DIOXIDE CLOUDS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE; GG TAURI;
PLANETESIMAL ACCRETION; EXOPLANETARY SYSTEMS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS
AB A survey of currently known planet-hosting stars indicates that approximately 25% of extrasolar planetary systems are within dual-star environments. Several of these systems contain stellar companions on moderately close orbits, implying that studies of the formation and dynamical evolution of giant and terrestrial planets, in and around binary star systems have now found realistic grounds. With the recent launch of the space telescope COROT, and the launch of NASA's Kepler satellite in 2009, the number of such dynamically complex systems will soon increase and many more of their diverse and interesting dynamical characteristics will soon be discovered. It is therefore, both timely and necessary, to obtain a deep understanding of the history and current status of research on planets in binary star systems. This chapter will serve this purpose by reviewing the models of the formation of giant and terrestrial planets in dual-star environments, and by presenting results of the studies of their dynamical evolution and habitability, as well as the mechanisms of delivery of water and other volatiles to their terrestrial-class objects. In this chapter, the reader is presented with a comprehensive, yet relatively less technical approach to the study of planets in and around binary stars, and with discussions on the differences between dynamical characteristics of these systems and planetary systems around single stars.
C1 [Haghighipour, Nader] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Haghighipour, Nader] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Astrobiol Inst, NASA, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Haghighipour, N (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM nader@ifa.hawaii.edu
NR 95
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-540-74008-7
J9 SPRINGER-PRAX BOOKS
PY 2008
BP 223
EP 257
DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74008-7_9
D2 10.1007/978-3-540-74008-7
PG 35
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BLJ12
UT WOS:000270287900010
ER
PT B
AU Sigurdsson, S
Stairs, IH
Moody, K
Arzoumaniau, Z
Thorsett, SE
AF Sigurdsson, S.
Stairs, I. H.
Moody, K.
Arzoumaniau, Z.
Thorsett, S. E.
BE Fischer, D
Rasio, FA
Thorsett, SE
Wolszczan, A
TI Planets Around Pulsars in Globular Clusters
SO EXTREME SOLAR SYSTEMS
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Extreme Solar Systems
CY JUN 25-29, 2007
CL Santorini, GREECE
SP NASA Astrobiol Inst, Natl Sci Fdn, Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, NW Univ, Penn State Univ
ID BINARY MILLISECOND PULSAR; RADIO PULSARS; NEUTRON-STAR; TRIPLE SYSTEM;
PSR B1620-26; 47 TUCANAE; M4; EVOLUTION; COMPANION; TELESCOPE
AB The first planet in a globular cluster was discovered orbiting the 11-millisecond pulsar/white-dwarf binary PSR B1620-26 in Messier 4. As more data have become available on this extraordinary object, the permitted range of parameters for this system has become increasingly tightly constrained, and the most recent data require an outer planet with mass of between 1 and 2 Jupiter masses in a hierarchical orbit, with orbital period of a few decades and with high orbital inclination relative to the plane of the inner pulsar/white-dwarf binary, yet relatively modest orbital eccentricity. The signatures of the Newtonian interaction between the planet and the white dwarf are clearly seen in the data. We discuss some of the implications of the current data, including constraints on scenarios for formation of the system and their implications. The data strongly favour a relatively recent exchange of the planet mass tertiary, and we may infer that the planet originally orbited a star which was a member of the cluster, at an orbital radius of a few AU, and that the planet is likely coeval with the cluster stars, having formed about 12.7 billion years ago.
C1 [Sigurdsson, S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Stairs, I. H.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
[Moody, K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Arzoumaniau, Z.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, X ray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Thorsett, S. E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Sigurdsson, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
NR 60
TC 2
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U1 0
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PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-666-0
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2008
VL 398
BP 119
EP +
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM16
UT WOS:000260672400020
ER
PT B
AU Thommes, EW
Bryden, G
Wu, Y
Rasio, FA
AF Thommes, E. W.
Bryden, G.
Wu, Y.
Rasio, F. A.
BE Fischer, D
Rasio, FA
Thorsett, SE
Wolszczan, A
TI Resonant Planets: From Stability to Violent Upheaval
SO EXTREME SOLAR SYSTEMS
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Extreme Solar Systems
CY JUN 25-29, 2007
CL Santorini, GREECE
SP NASA Astrobiol Inst, Natl Sci Fdn, Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, NW Univ, Penn State Univ
ID PLANETESIMAL DISK; GIANT PLANETS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; NEPTUNE; ORIGIN;
MIGRATION; URANUS; PROTOPLANETS; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS
AB We show that interaction with a gas disk may produce young planetary systems with closely-spaced orbits, stabilized by mean-motion resonances between neighbors. On longer timescales, after the gas in gone, interaction with a remnant planetesimal disk tends to pull these configurations apart, eventually inducing dynamical instability. We find that this can lead to a variety of outcomes; some cases resemble the Solar System, while others end up with high-eccentricity orbits reminiscent of the observed exoplanets. A similar mechanism has been previously suggested as the cause of the lunar Late Heavy Bombardment. Thus, it may be that a large-scale dynamical instability, with more or less cataclysmic results, is an evolutionary step common to many planetary systems, including our own.
C1 [Thommes, E. W.; Rasio, F. A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
[Bryden, G.] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Wu, Y.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
RP Thommes, EW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
FU Spitzer Space Telescope Cycle-4 Theoretical Research [40380]; NSF
[AST-0507727]; NSERC; CITA
FX This work is supported by the Spitzer Space Telescope Cycle-4
Theoretical Research Program through Grant pid 40380 (EWT and GB), by
the NSF through Grant AST-0507727 (FAR and EWT), by NSERC (YW) and by
CITA (EWT).
NR 31
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PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-666-0
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2008
VL 398
BP 315
EP +
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM16
UT WOS:000260672400048
ER
PT B
AU Roberge, A
Weinberger, AJ
AF Roberge, Aki
Weinberger, Alycia J.
BE Fischer, D
Rasio, FA
Thorsett, SE
Wolszczan, A
TI Gas and Dust in Debris Disks: What is Normal?
SO EXTREME SOLAR SYSTEMS
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Extreme Solar Systems
CY JUN 25-29, 2007
CL Santorini, GREECE
SP NASA Astrobiol Inst, Natl Sci Fdn, Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, NW Univ, Penn State Univ
ID PICTORIS CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; BETA-PICTORIS; EMISSION; STARS; CO
AB The basic character of debris disks was established soon after their discovery are composed mostly of dust produced by collisions and/or evaporation of solid planetary bodies. However, several fundamental observational questions about debris disks remain unanswered. How much material do they typically contain and how does it evolve with time? How much gas to they contain? What is the composition of their dust and gas? Answers to these questions will provide insights into the late-stages of planetary system formation.
In this paper, we discuss some recent progress toward addressing these questions. Observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope have shown that the amount of dust in debris disks decreases with time on averages, but also indicate that dust production is stochastic. At least some debris disks contain small amounts of gas which has very different characteristics from gas in younger protoplanetary disks. The most complete inventory of gas in a debris disk to date unexpectedly showed that the gas is extremely carbon-rich. Finally, recent studies of the albedo of dust in debris disks have shown an extraordinary range of colors, including very red colors indicative of organic material.
C1 [Roberge, Aki] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Weinberger, Alycia J.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA.
RP Roberge, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Roberge, Aki/D-2782-2012
OI Roberge, Aki/0000-0002-2989-3725
NR 21
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U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-666-0
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2008
VL 398
BP 325
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM16
UT WOS:000260672400049
ER
PT B
AU Moro-Martin, A
Malhotra, R
Carpenter, JM
Hillenbrand, LA
Wolf, S
Meyer, MR
Hollenbach, D
Najita, J
Henning, T
AF Moro-Martin, Amaya
Malhotra, Renu
Carpenter, John M.
Hillenbrand, Lynne A.
Wolf, Sebastian
Meyer, Michael R.
Hollenbach, David
Najita, Joan
Henning, Thomas
BE Fischer, D
Rasio, FA
Thorsett, SE
Wolszczan, A
TI Dust in the HD 38529 Planetary System
SO EXTREME SOLAR SYSTEMS
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Extreme Solar Systems
CY JUN 25-29, 2007
CL Santorini, GREECE
SP NASA Astrobiol Inst, Natl Sci Fdn, Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, NW Univ, Penn State Univ
ID SOLAR-SYSTEM; DEBRIS DISKS; DISTRIBUTIONS; STARS
AB In this paper we briefly summarized a study on HD 38529, one of the few (less than a dozen) stars known to date to harbor both planetary companions and IR excess, the later due to debris dust and evidence of the presence of planetesimals. For details, please refer to Moro-Martin et al. 2007b.
C1 [Moro-Martin, Amaya] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Malhotra, Renu] Univ Arizona, Dep Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Carpenter, John M.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Wolf, Sebastian; Henning, Thomas] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Meyer, Michael R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Hollenbach, David] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Najita, Joan] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Moro-Martin, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
FU NASA; Princeton University
FX We thank the rest of the FEPS team members, colleagues at the Spitzer
Science Center, and members of all the Spitzer instrument teams for
advice and support. This work is based on observations made with the
Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under NASA contrast 1407.
A.M.M. is under contract with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded
by NASA through the Michelson Fellowship Program. JPL is managed for
NASA by the California Institute of Technology. A.M.M. is also supported
by the Lyman Spitzer Fellowship at Princeton University.
NR 10
TC 0
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U1 0
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PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-666-0
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2008
VL 398
BP 333
EP +
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM16
UT WOS:000260672400050
ER
PT B
AU Fortney, JJ
AF Fortney, Jonathan. J.
BE Fischer, D
Rasio, FA
Thorsett, SE
Wolszczan, A
TI The Impact of Transit Observations on Planetary Physics
SO EXTREME SOLAR SYSTEMS
SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Extreme Solar Systems
CY JUN 25-29, 2007
CL Santorini, GREECE
SP NASA Astrobiol Inst, Natl Sci Fdn, Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, NW Univ, Penn State Univ
ID B-LIKE PLANETS; GIANT PLANETS; HOT JUPITERS; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS;
OBLIQUITY TIDES; MASS; EVOLUTION; ATMOSPHERES; SPECTRA; STARS
AB We highlight the importance of transit observations on understanding the physics of planetary atmospheres and interiors. Transmission spectra and emission spectra of atmospheres allow us to characterize these exotic atmospheres, which possess TiO, VO, H2O, CO, Na, and K, as principal absorbers. We calculate mass-radius relations for water-rock-iron and gas giant planet's and examine these relations in light of current and future transit observations. A brief review is given of mechanisms dial could lead to the. large radii observed for some transiting planets.
C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Fortney, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
NR 40
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U1 1
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PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-666-0
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2008
VL 398
BP 405
EP 418
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM16
UT WOS:000260672400061
ER
PT B
AU Traub, WA
Cutri, R
AF Traub, Wesley A.
Cutri, Roc
BE Fischer, D
Rasio, FA
Thorsett, SE
Wolszczan, A
TI Terrestrial-Planet Transits of M Stars
SO EXTREME SOLAR SYSTEMS
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Extreme Solar Systems
CY JUN 25-29, 2007
CL Santorini, GREECE
SP NASA Astrobiol Inst, Natl Sci Fdn, Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, NW Univ, Penn State Univ
AB We discuss the benefits of extending the Kepler survey to include up to 1630 M-dwarf stars. If there is one Earth-size planet in the habitable zone of each star, then we expect to detect about 11 transiting Earth-size planets. The transit depths are large, ranging from about 200 to 200,000 ppm. Transit times are about 0.5-3 hours. well matched to the Kepler temporal resolution. Stellar signals are on the faint end of the Kepler range, but the, red bias of M stars will produce stronger signals than are indicated by the V magnitudes of these stars. Given that NI-dwarf stars may have Earth-like analogs, and that Kepler is well-suited to observe these stars. we believe that such an investigation could yield very important results. In addition, and as a secondary goal, Kepler could search for inner giant planets (hot Jupiters) using photometry.
C1 [Traub, Wesley A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Cutri, Roc] CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Traub, WA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
FU JPL; MSC
FX We thank JPL and MSC for partial support.
NR 2
TC 1
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U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-666-0
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2008
VL 398
BP 475
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM16
UT WOS:000260672400068
ER
PT B
AU Lissauer, JJ
AF Lissauer, Jack J.
BE Fischer, D
Rasio, FA
Thorsett, SE
Wolszczan, A
TI How Extreme Can Planetary Systems Be?
SO EXTREME SOLAR SYSTEMS
SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Extreme Solar Systems
CY JUN 25-29, 2007
CL Santorini, GREECE
SP NASA Astrobiol Inst, Natl Sci Fdn, Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, NW Univ, Penn State Univ
ID COMPANION; STARS
AB The first system of extrasolar planets was found in orbit about a pulsar. The next was a giant planet, in a 4 day orbit, and following that a more massive giant ill all eccentric orbit. These types of planetary systems were. not expected prior to being found. What else is out, there, in our galaxy? Dynamical stability (for a large number of orbits) is a requirement, but beyond that what restrictions are there? For instance, a nearly coplanar system analogous to our solar system but, with planets alternating between prograde and retrograde orbits with increasing distance from star could survive for a long time, but, no plausible model of its formation (apart from construction by a technologically advanced Civilization) exists. A pure lead planet could survive, but how could such a planet, form? These and other speculations are discussed, together with a sobering assessment of our ability to make predictions of exoplanet characteristics.
C1 [Lissauer, Jack J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Lissauer, JJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 24
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U1 0
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PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-666-0
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2008
VL 398
BP 491
EP 498
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM16
UT WOS:000260672400070
ER
PT J
AU Kaufman, YJ
Boucher, O
AF Kaufman, Yoram J.
Boucher, Olivier
BA Gautier, C
Fellous, JL
BF Gautier, C
Fellous, JL
TI Atmospheric aerosols and climate change
SO FACING CLIMATE CHANGE TOGETHER
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Kaufman, Yoram J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.
[Boucher, Olivier] UK Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
RP Kaufman, YJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND
BN 978-0-521-89682-5
PY 2008
BP 49
EP 61
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BDI03
UT WOS:000313346900005
ER
PT J
AU Chahine, MT
Morel, P
AF Chahine, Moustafa T.
Morel, Pierre
BA Gautier, C
Fellous, JL
BF Gautier, C
Fellous, JL
TI The global water cycle and climate
SO FACING CLIMATE CHANGE TOGETHER
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Chahine, Moustafa T.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Morel, Pierre] Univ Paris, Paris, France.
RP Chahine, MT (reprint author), NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND
BN 978-0-521-89682-5
PY 2008
BP 62
EP 73
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BDI03
UT WOS:000313346900006
ER
PT J
AU Rasool, SI
Duplessy, JC
AF Rasool, S. Ichtiaque
Duplessy, Jean-Claude
BA Gautier, C
Fellous, JL
BF Gautier, C
Fellous, JL
TI Facing Climate Change Together Conclusions
SO FACING CLIMATE CHANGE TOGETHER
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
C1 [Rasool, S. Ichtiaque] NASA, Paris, France.
[Rasool, S. Ichtiaque] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
[Duplessy, Jean-Claude] CEA, CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND
BN 978-0-521-89682-5
PY 2008
BP 217
EP 231
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BDI03
UT WOS:000313346900016
ER
PT S
AU Bualat, M
Edwards, L
Fong, T
Broxton, M
Flueckiger, L
Lee, SY
Park, E
To, V
Utz, H
Verma, V
Kunz, C
MacMahon, M
AF Bualat, Maria
Edwards, Laurence
Fong, Terrence
Broxton, Michael
Flueckiger, Lorenzo
Lee, Susan Y.
Park, Eric
To, Vinh
Utz, Hans
Verma, Vandi
Kunz, Clayton
MacMahon, Matt
BE Laugier, C
Siegwart, R
TI Autonomous robotic inspection for lunar surface operations
SO FIELD AND SERVICE ROBOTICS: RESULTS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
SE Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Conference on Field and Service Robotics
CY JUL 09-12, 2007
CL Chamonix, FRANCE
AB In this paper, we describe NASA Ames Research Center's K10 rover as used in the 2006 Coordinated Field Demonstration at, Meteor Crater, Arizona. We briefly discuss the control software architecture and describe a high dynamic range imaging system and panoramic display system used for the remote inspection of an EVA crew vehicle.
C1 [Bualat, Maria; Edwards, Laurence; Fong, Terrence] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Broxton, Michael; Flueckiger, Lorenzo; Park, Eric; Kunz, Clayton] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Lee, Susan Y.; To, Vinh; Verma, Vandi] Adv Comp Sci Res Inst, Mountain View, CA USA.
[Utz, Hans] Perot Syst Corp, Plano, TX USA.
[MacMahon, Matt] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
RP Bualat, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Maria.G.Bualat@nasa.gov; Laurence.J.Edwards@nasa.gov;
Terry.Fong@nasa.gov; Michael.J.Broxton@nasa.gov;
Lorenzo.J.Flueckiger@nasa.gov; sylee@mail.arc.nasa.gov;
epark@mail.arc.nasa.gov; vinh2@email.arc.nasa.gov;
hutz@mail.arc.nasa.gov; vandi@email.arc.nasa.gov;
ckunz@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Matt@MacMahon.org
FU NASA Ames Research Center; NASA Johnson Space Center
FX The authors of this paper would like to acknowledge the support and
sponsorship of the Exploration Systems Technology Development Program.
We thank the interns and other members of the Intelligent Robotics Group
at NASA Ames Research Center for their continuing support and
inspiration. We would also like to thank our colleagues from NASA
Johnson Space Center who provided us with invaluable support and made
the Coordinated Field Demonstration possible,especially Ron Diftler and
Darby Magruder.
NR 14
TC 2
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U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 1610-7438
BN 978-3-540-75403-9
J9 SPRINGER TRAC ADV RO
PY 2008
VL 42
BP 169
EP +
PG 3
WC Robotics
SC Robotics
GA BHV84
UT WOS:000256879200016
ER
PT J
AU Lock, A
Aggarwal, SK
Puri, IK
Hegde, U
AF Lock, Andrew
Aggarwal, Suresh K.
Puri, Ishwar K.
Hegde, Uday
TI Suppression of fuel and air stream diluted methane-air partially
premixed flames in normal and microgravity
SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE flame suppression; partially premixed methane flames; gravity; liftoff
and blowout
ID COUNTERFLOW DIFFUSION FLAMES; CUP-BURNER FLAMES; TRIPLE FLAMES;
NONPREMIXED FLAMES; HYDROGEN-AIR; EXTINCTION; GRAVITY; INHIBITION; JET;
RADIATION
AB The effects of fuel and air stream dilution (ASD) with carbon dioxide on the suppression of normal and microgravity laminar methane-air partially premixed coflow jet flames were experimentally and numerically investigated. Experiments were conducted both in our normal-gravity laboratory and at the NASA Glenn Research Center 2.2 s drop tower. Measurements included flame topology and liftoff heights of diluted flames, critical diluent mole fractions for flame blowout, and the radiant heat loss from flames. The flames were also simulated using an axisymmetric unsteady numerical code that utilizes detailed chemistry and transport models. In addition, counterftow flame simulation results were used to examine similitude between the counterflow and coflow flame suppression, and further characterize the effectiveness of fuel stream versus ASD on flame extinction. A smaller relative fuel stream dilution (FSD) extinguishes partially premixed flames (PPFs) with increasing premixing as compared to dilution of the air stream. Conversely, smaller ASD is required to extinguish PPFs as they become less premixed and approach nonpremixed (NP) behavior. Fuel stream diluted PPFs and air stream diluted NP flames extinguish primarily through a reactant dilution effect while fuel stream diluted NP flames and air stream diluted PPF are extinguished primarily by a thermal cooling effect. Normal gravity flames lift off and blow out with a smaller diluent mole fraction than microgravity flames. The difference between the fuel and ASD effectiveness increases as the gravitational acceleration is reduced. Radiation heat losses are observed to increase with increasing diluent mole fraction and decreasing gravity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lock, Andrew; Aggarwal, Suresh K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
[Puri, Ishwar K.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Hegde, Uday] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Aggarwal, SK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
EM ska@uic.edu
RI Lock, Andrew/C-5105-2008; Puri, Ishwar/B-8734-2008;
OI Puri, Ishwar/0000-0002-8713-4188; Puri, Ishwar/0000-0002-6638-5762
NR 46
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U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0379-7112
J9 FIRE SAFETY J
JI Fire Saf. J.
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 43
IS 1
BP 24
EP 35
DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.02.004
PG 12
WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 264HD
UT WOS:000253277500003
ER
PT B
AU Moore, RL
Sterling, AC
Suess, ST
AF Moore, Ronald L.
Sterling, Alphonse C.
Suess, Steven T.
BE Matthews, SA
Davis, JM
Harra, LK
TI New Evidence that CMEs are Self-Propelled Magnetic Bubbles
SO FIRST RESULTS FROM HINODE
SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on First Results from Hinode
CY AUG 20-24, 2007
CL Trinity Coll Dublin, Dublin, IRELAND
HO Trinity Coll Dublin
ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR FILAMENT ERUPTIONS; FLARES; MODEL;
SCENARIO
AB We briefly describe the "standard model" for the production of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and our view of how it works. We then summarize pertinent recent results that we have found from SOHO observations of CMEs and the flares at the sources of these magnetic explosions. These results support our interpretation of the standard model: a CME is basically a self-propelled magnetic bubble, a, low-beta plasmoid, that (1) is built and unleashed by the tether-cutting reconnection that builds and heats the coronal flare arcade, (2) can explode from a flare site that is far from centered under the full-blown CME in the outer corona, and (3) drives itself out into the solar wind by pushing on the surrounding coronal magnetic field.
C1 [Moore, Ronald L.; Sterling, Alphonse C.; Suess, Steven T.] NASA, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Moore, RL (reprint author), NASA, MSFC, VP62, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-664-6
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2008
VL 397
BP 98
EP 101
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIK74
UT WOS:000260431200023
ER
PT B
AU Sterling, AC
Moore, RL
AF Sterling, Alphonse C.
Moore, Ronald L.
BE Matthews, SA
Davis, JM
Harra, LK
TI Early Hinode Observations of a Solar Filament Eruption
SO FIRST RESULTS FROM HINODE
SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on First Results from Hinode
CY AUG 20-24, 2007
CL Trinity Coll Dublin, Dublin, IRELAND
HO Trinity Coll Dublin
ID SLOW-RISE; RECONNECTION; PROMINENCES; FLARES; ONSET; CME
AB We use Hinode X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) filtergraph (FG) Stokes-V magnetogram observations to study the early onset of a solar eruption that includes an erupting filament that we observe in TRACE EUV images; this is one of the first filament eruptions seen with Hinode. The filament undergoes a slow rise for at least 30 min prior to its fast eruption and strong soft X-ray flaring, and the new Hinode data elucidate the physical processes occurring during the slow-rise period. During the slow-rise phase, a soft X-ray (SXR) sigmoid forms from apparent reconnection low in the sheared core field traced by the filament, and there is a low-level intensity peak in both EUV and SXRs during the slow rise. The SOT data show that magnetic flux cancelation occurs along the neutral line of the filament in the hours before eruption, and this likely caused the low-lying reconnection that produced the microflaring and the slow rise leading tip to the eruption.
C1 [Sterling, Alphonse C.; Moore, Ronald L.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Sterling, AC (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, VP62, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-664-6
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2008
VL 397
BP 115
EP 118
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIK74
UT WOS:000260431200027
ER
PT B
AU Byrne, JP
Young, CA
Gallagher, PT
McAteer, RTJ
AF Byrne, J. P.
Young, C. A.
Gallagher, P. T.
McAteer, R. T. J.
BE Matthews, SA
Davis, JM
Harra, LK
TI Multiscale Characterization of Eruptive Events
SO FIRST RESULTS FROM HINODE
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on First Results from Hinode
CY AUG 20-24, 2007
CL Trinity Coll Dublin, Dublin, IRELAND
HO Trinity Coll Dublin
AB Image processing plays an important role in the analysis of data from space-based instruments. With the large volumes of information currently available from missions such as Hinode and STEREO, our aim is to produce computationally fast methods for extracting features of interest (e.g. loops, filaments, waves and eruptions). Multiscale image processing methods enable us to study these features as a function of scale. Here we describe these methods, and rise them to study the multiscale properties of a coronal mass ejection (CME) observed by SOHO/LASCO, and briefly discuss the implications for Hinode.
C1 [Byrne, J. P.; Gallagher, P. T.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland.
[Young, C. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ADNET Syst Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[McAteer, R. T. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Catholic Univ Amer, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Byrne, JP (reprint author), Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland.
FU Science Foundation Ireland; NASA's
FX This work is supported by grants from Science Foundation Ireland and
NASA's Living With A Star Program.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-664-6
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2008
VL 397
BP 162
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIK74
UT WOS:000260431200038
ER
PT B
AU Raftery, CL
Gallagher, PT
Milligan, RO
AF Raftery, C. L.
Gallagher, P. T.
Milligan, R. O.
BE Matthews, SA
Davis, JM
Harra, LK
TI Flare Cooling and Implications for Hinode/EIS
SO FIRST RESULTS FROM HINODE
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on First Results from Hinode
CY AUG 20-24, 2007
CL Trinity Coll Dublin, Dublin, IRELAND
HO Trinity Coll Dublin
ID SOLAR-FLARE; PLASMAS
AB The cooling of a post-flare loop system as observed by TRACE and SOHO/CDS, SOHO/EIT, GOES and RHESSI is studied and compared to the predictions of recent solar flare models. The observed C-class flare cools from >= 10 MK to similar to 0.25 MK in approximately 45 mins via conduction and radiation. Using theoretical modelling, conduction was found to dominate during the first 3 min of the decay phase, after which radiation became the dominant loss mechanism (similar to 30 min). We aim to study the flare cooling process using high resolution observations from Hinode/EIS.
C1 [Raftery, C. L.; Gallagher, P. T.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland.
[Raftery, C. L.; Milligan, R. O.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Raftery, CL (reprint author), Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland.
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-664-6
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2008
VL 397
BP 184
EP 186
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIK74
UT WOS:000260431200048
ER
PT B
AU Selwa, M
Ofman, L
AF Selwa, M.
Ofman, Leon
BE Matthews, SA
Davis, JM
Harra, LK
TI 3D MHD Simulations of Excitation and Damping of Vertical Kink Waves in
Coronal Active Region Loops
SO FIRST RESULTS FROM HINODE
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on First Results from Hinode
CY AUG 20-24, 2007
CL Trinity Coll Dublin, Dublin, IRELAND
HO Trinity Coll Dublin
ID OSCILLATIONS; TRACE
AB We present numerical results of a three dimensional MHD model of all idealized active region field. The active region is initialized as a force-free dipole magnetic configuration with gravitationally stratified density and contains a loop with a higher density than its surroundings. We study different ways of exciting vertical kink oscillations by velocity: as an initial condition, and as an impulsive excitation with a pulse of a given position, duration, and amplitude. These properties are varied in the parametric studies. We find that vertical kink oscillations amplitude is significantly amplified in comparison to horizontal kink oscillations amplitude for exciters located centrally (symmetrically) below the loop, which explains why the pure vertical kink mode is so rarely observed in comparison to the horizontally polarized one. We observe that vertical kink waves in 3D stratified geometry are damped mainly due to wave leakage. We compare our simulation with TRACE observational data and find qualitative agreement. We plan to search for vertical kink modes in Hinode data, and compare to our models.
C1 [Selwa, M.; Ofman, Leon] Catholic Univ Amer, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 671, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Selwa, M (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 671, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
FU NASA SEC; NASA [NNG06GI55G, NNX09AG10G]
FX MSs & LOs work was financially supported by the NASA SEC Theory program
and NASA grants NNG06GI55G, and NNX09AG10G. Computer simulations were
performed on Columbia supercomputer at NASA Ames.
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-664-6
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2008
VL 397
BP 189
EP 191
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIK74
UT WOS:000260431200050
ER
PT S
AU Kashlinsky, A
AF Kashlinsky, A.
BE O'Shea, BW
Heger, A
Abel, T
TI Cosmic infrared background from early epochs: Searching for signatures
of the first stars
SO FIRST STARS III
SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on First Stars III
CY JUL 15-20, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, New Mexico Consortium Inst Adv Study, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys
DE stars : formation; large-scale structure of the universe; early universe
ID FLUCTUATIONS; ANISOTROPIES
AB Cosmic infrared background (CIB) contains emission from epochs inaccessible to current telescopic studies, such as the era of the first stars. We discuss theoretical expectations for the CIB contributions from the early population of massive stars. We then present the latest results from the ongoing project by our team [9, 10, 11, 12] to measure/constrain CIB fluctuations from early epochs using deep Spitzer data. The results show the existence of significant CIB fluctuations at the MAC wavelengths (3.6 to 8 mu m) which remain after removing galaxies down to very faint levels. These fluctuations must arise from populations that have a significant clustering component, but only low levels of the shot noise. Furthermore, there are no correlations between the source-subtracted MAC maps and the corresponding fields observed with the HST ACS at optical wavelengths. Taken together, these data imply that 1) the sources producing the CIB fluctuations are individually faint with S-v < a few nJy at 3.6 and 4.5 mu m; 2) are located within the first 0.7Gyr (unless these fluctuations can somehow be produced by - so far unobserved - local galaxies of extremely low luminosity and with the unusual for local populations clustering pattern), 3) they produce contribution to the net CIB flux of at least 1-2 nW/m(2)/sr at 3.6 and 4.5 mu m and must have mass-to-light ratio significantly below the present-day populations, and 4) they have angular density of - a few per arcsec(2) and are in the confusion of the present day instruments, but can be individually observable with JWST.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SSAI, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Kashlinsky, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SSAI, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0509-7
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 990
BP 127
EP 131
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BHN31
UT WOS:000254472200023
ER
PT S
AU Nozawa, T
Kozasa, T
Habe, A
Dwek, E
Umeda, H
Tominaga, N
Maeda, K
Nomoto, K
AF Nozawa, Takaya
Kozasa, Takashi
Habe, Asao
Dwek, Eli
Umeda, Hideyuki
Tominaga, Nozomu
Maeda, Keiichl
Nomoto, Ken'ichi
BE O'Shea, BW
Heger, A
Abel, T
TI Dust evolution in population III supernova remnants
SO FIRST STARS III
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on First Stars III
CY JUL 15-20, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, New Mexico Consortium Inst Adv Study, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys
DE dust; extinction; early universe; shock waves; supernova remnants;
supernovae : general
ID EARLY UNIVERSE; ABUNDANCE ANALYSIS; GRAINS; EJECTA; STAR; HE-1327-2326
AB We present the results of calculations for the evolution of dust within Population III supernova remnants (SNRs), focusing on the dust formed in the unmixed ejecta of Type II SNe. We show that once dust grains inside the He core encounter the reverse shock, they are subject to different fates depending on their initial sizes a(ini). For SNRs expanding into the interstellar medium (ISM) with n(H,0) = 1 cm(-3), grains of a(ini) < 0.05 mu m are trapped in the hot gas and are completely destroyed; grains of a(ini) = 0.05-0.2 mu m are trapped in the dense shell behind the forward shock with the final sizes of 0.001-0.1 mu m; grains of a(ini) > 0.2 mu m are injected into the ISM without significant destruction. The total mass of surviving dust is 0.01 to 0.8 M-circle dot and is higher for the lower ISM gas density. We also investigate the elemental abundances of the second-generation stars that form in the dense shell of Population III SNRs, based on the elemental composition of dust piled up in the shell. The comparison of those results with the observations of hyper-metal poor (HMP) stars indicates that the transport of dust segregated from metal-rich gas within a SNR can be responsible for the abundance patterns of Mg and Si in HMP stars.
C1 [Nozawa, Takaya; Kozasa, Takashi; Habe, Asao] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Cosmosci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan.
[Dwek, Eli] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Astron & Solar Phys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Umeda, Hideyuki; Tominaga, Nozomu; Nomoto, Ken'ichi] Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 113, Japan.
[Maeda, Keiichl] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany.
[Nomoto, Ken'ichi] Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Univ, Tokyo 113, Japan.
RP Nozawa, T (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Cosmosci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan.
RI Dwek, Eli/C-3995-2012
FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences [19740094, 18104003]
FX This work has been supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific
Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences (19740094
and 18104003).
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0509-7
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 990
BP 426
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BHN31
UT WOS:000254472200094
ER
PT J
AU Weitkamp, LA
Sturdevant, MV
AF Weitkamp, Laurie A.
Sturdevant, Molly V.
TI Food habits and marine survival of juvenile Chinook and coho salmon from
marine waters of Southeast Alaska
SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Chinook salmon; coho salmon; diets; marine ecology; marine survival;
predator; prey; Southeast Alaska
ID NORTHERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PACIFIC SALMON; CHUM
SALMON; COMMUNITY REORGANIZATION; BIOENERGETICS APPROACH; PROXIMATE
COMPOSITION; SELECTIVE PREDATION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF
AB Little is known about the food habits of juvenile Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon in marine environments of Alaska, or whether their diets may have contributed to extremely high marine survival rates for coho salmon from Southeast Alaska and much more modest survival rates for Southeast Alaskan Chinook salmon. To address these issues, we documented the spatial and temporal variability of diets of both species collected from marine waters of Southeast Alaska during summers of 1997-2000. Food habits were similar: major prey items of both species included fishes, crab larvae, hyperiid amphipods, insects, and euphausiids. Multivariate analyses of diet composition indicated that the most distinct groups were formed at the smallest spatial and temporal scales (the haul), although groups also formed at larger scales, such as by month or habitat type. Our expectations for how food habits would influence survival were only partially supported. As predicted, Southeast Alaskan coho salmon had more prey in their stomachs overall [1.8% of body weight (BW)] and proportionally far fewer empty stomachs (0.7%) than either Alaskan Chinook (1.4% BW, 5.1% empty) or coho salmon from other regions. However, contrary to our expectations, coho salmon diets contained surprisingly few fish (49% by weight). Apparently, Alaskan coho salmon achieved extremely high marine survival rates despite a diet consisting largely of small, less energetically-efficient crustacean prey. Our results suggest that diet quantity (how much is eaten) rather than diet quality (what is eaten) is important to marine survival.
C1 [Weitkamp, Laurie A.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport Res Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Weitkamp, Laurie A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Sturdevant, Molly V.] Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Weitkamp, LA (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport Res Stn, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM laurie.weitkamp@noaa.gov
NR 80
TC 21
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 20
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1054-6006
J9 FISH OCEANOGR
JI Fish Oceanogr.
PY 2008
VL 17
IS 5
BP 380
EP 395
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00485.x
PG 16
WC Fisheries; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Oceanography
GA 345VJ
UT WOS:000259025200004
ER
PT J
AU Chutjian, A
AF Chutjian, Ara
TI Armenia, Armenia
SO FOREIGN AFFAIRS
LA English
DT Letter
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Chutjian, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU COUNC FOREIGN RELAT INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 58 E 68TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA
SN 0015-7120
J9 FOREIGN AFF
JI Foreign Aff.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2008
VL 87
IS 1
BP 201
EP 202
PG 2
WC International Relations
SC International Relations
GA 255PJ
UT WOS:000252669600072
ER
PT B
AU Thilker, DA
Bianchi, L
Meurer, G
de Paz, AG
Boissier, S
Madore, BF
Ferguson, A
Hameed, S
Neff, S
Martin, CD
Rich, RM
Schiminovich, D
Seibert, M
Wyder, T
AF Thilker, D. A.
Bianchi, L.
Meurer, G.
de Paz, A. Gil
Boissier, S.
Madore, B. F.
Ferguson, A.
Hameed, S.
Neff, S.
Martin, C. D.
Rich, R. M.
Schiminovich, D.
Seibert, M.
Wyder, T.
BE Funes, JG
Corsini, EM
TI Resolved Stellar Populations Constituting Extended UV Disks in Nearby
Galaxies
SO FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF GALAXY DISKS
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Formation and Evolution of Galaxy Disks
CY OCT 01-05, 2007
CL Rome, ITALY
AB We describe HST imaging of recent star formation complexes located in the extended UV disk (XUV-disk) component of NGC 5236 (M 83), NGC 5055 (M 63), and NGC 2090. Photometry in four FUV-visible bands permits us to constrain the type of resolved stars and effective age of clusters, in addition to extinction. The preliminary results given herein focus on CMD analysis and clustering properties in this unique star-forming environment.
C1 [Thilker, D. A.; Bianchi, L.; Meurer, G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[de Paz, A. Gil] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Astrofis, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
[Boissier, S.] Astrophys Lab, F-13376 Marseille, France.
[Madore, B. F.] Carnegie Inst Washington Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA.
[Ferguson, A.] Univ Edinburgh, Astron Inst, Royal Observ, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Hameed, S.] Hampshire Coll, Five Coll Astron Dept, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Neff, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Astron Solar Phys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Martin, C. D.; Wyder, T.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Rich, R. M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Schiminovich, D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA.
RP Thilker, DA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
FU [HST-GO-10608.01-A]; [HST-GO-10904.01-A]
FX This work was supported by grants HST-GO-10608.01-A and
HST-GO-10904.01-A.
NR 1
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-662-2
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2008
VL 396
BP 223
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIP78
UT WOS:000261720400074
ER
PT S
AU Lowry, M
AF Lowry, Michael
BE An, A
Matwin, S
Ras, ZW
Slezak, D
TI Intelligent software engineering tools for NASA's crew exploration
vehicle
SO FOUNDATIONS OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS
SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 17th International Symposium on Metodologies for Intelligent Systems
CY MAY 20-23, 2008
CL York Univ, Toronto, CANADA
SP Natl Sci & Engn Res Council Canada, Ontario Ctr Excellence, Springer, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, York Univ, Sch Informat Technol
HO York Univ
AB Orion is NASA's new crew exploration vehicle. The Orion Project will be using a state-of-the art model-based software development process. This model-based software development process is new for the human space program, and implies both new opportunities and risks for NASA. Opportunities include gaining early insight into designs in the form of executable models, and formulation of requirement verification conditions directly at the model level. Risks include autogenerated code. This paper describes intelligent software engineering tools being developed by NASA. The tools interface directly to the model-based software development process, and provide the following capabilities: early analysis to find defects when they are inexpensive to fix, automated testing and test suite generation, and innovative methods for verifying autogenerated code.
C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Lowry, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Michael.R.Lowry@nasa.gov
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-540-68122-9
J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT
PY 2008
VL 4994
BP 28
EP 37
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
SC Computer Science
GA BHS99
UT WOS:000256022800003
ER
PT S
AU Krainak, MA
Chen, JR
Dabney, PW
Ferrara, JF
Fong, WH
Martino, AJ
McGarry, JF
Merkowitz, SM
Principe, CM
Sun, XL
Zagwodzki, TW
AF Krainak, Michael A.
Chen, Jeffrey R.
Dabney, Philip W.
Ferrara, Jeffrey F.
Fong, Wai H.
Martino, Anthony J.
McGarry, Jan F.
Merkowitz, Stephen M.
Principe, Caleb M.
Sun, Xiaoli
Zagwodzki, Thomas W.
BE Mecherle, S
TI Direct-detection free-space laser transceiver test-bed - art. no. 687703
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XX
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XX
CY JAN 24, 2008
CL San Jose, CA
SP SPIE
DE laser communications; photon counting; ytterbium fiber amplifier; hybrid
photomultiplier; LDPC code
ID PARITY-CHECK CODES
AB NASA Goddard Space Flight Center is developing a direct-detection free-space laser communications transceiver test bed. The laser transmitter is a master-oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configuration using a 1060 nm wavelength laser-diode with a two-stage multi-watt Ytterbium. fiber amplifier. Dual Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulators provide an extinction ratio greater than 40 dB. The MOPA design delivered 10-W average power with low-duty-cycle PPM waveforms and achieved 1.7 kW peak power. We use pulse-position modulation format with a pseudo-noise code header to assist clock recovery and frame boundary identification. We are examining the use of low-density-parity-check (LDPC) codes for forward error correction. Our receiver uses an InGaAsP 1 mm diameter photocathode hybrid photomultiplier tube (BPMT) cooled with a thermo-electric cooler. The BPMT has 25% single-photon detection efficiency at 1064 nm wavelength with a dark count rate of 60,000/s at -22 degrees Celsius and a single-photon impulse response of 0.9 ns. We report on progress toward demonstrating a combined laser communications and ranging field experiment.
C1 [Krainak, Michael A.; Chen, Jeffrey R.; Dabney, Philip W.; Ferrara, Jeffrey F.; Fong, Wai H.; Martino, Anthony J.; McGarry, Jan F.; Merkowitz, Stephen M.; Principe, Caleb M.; Sun, Xiaoli; Zagwodzki, Thomas W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Krainak, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; Dabney, Philip/C-9976-2013; Merkowitz,
Stephen/D-6680-2012
OI Merkowitz, Stephen/0000-0002-0412-4209
NR 18
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7052-2
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 6877
BP 87703
EP 87703
DI 10.1117/12.758654
PG 12
WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications
SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications
GA BHQ91
UT WOS:000255550700003
ER
PT S
AU Hemmati, H
Biswas, A
Boroson, DM
AF Hemmati, H.
Biswas, A.
Boroson, D. M.
BE Mecherle, S
TI 30-dB data rate improvement for interplanetary laser communication -
art. no. 687707
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XX
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XX
CY JAN 24, 2008
CL San Jose, CA
SP SPIE
DE laser communication; deep-space
ID EFFICIENCY
AB Research toward returning high-rate data from deep-space using laser communications has been ongoing for nearly thirty years. Recently the Mars Laser Communication Demonstration (MLCD) Project completed the preliminary design of a system that would have allowed communicating at 1-Mb/s from Mars farthest range and at 30-Mb/s from the closest Mars range. In this paper we propose link improvements based on increased efficiencies and low-risk design modifications that will allow realizing a 30-dB improvement in return data. rates from the farthest Mars range by the 2020 time frame.
C1 [Hemmati, H.; Biswas, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Hemmati, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 27
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7052-2
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 6877
BP 87707
EP 87707
DI 10.1117/12.767696
PG 8
WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications
SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications
GA BHQ91
UT WOS:000255550700006
ER
PT S
AU Birnbaum, KM
Farr, WH
AF Birnbaum, Kevin M.
Farr, William H.
BE Mecherle, S
TI Pulse position modulation/demodulation with picosecond slot widths -
art. no. 68770K
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XX
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XX
CY JAN 24, 2008
CL San Jose, CA
SP SPIE
DE PPM; pulse position modulation
ID PROSPECTS; RATES
AB Pulse position modulation (PPM) is the preferred signaling format for deep space optical communications. Its high peak to average power ratio easily supports efficient forward error correction codes that operate within one dB of capacity at efficiencies better than one bit per detected photon when using photon counting detectors. Sub-100 picosecond slot widths are desired for efficient gigabit/second data links, but slot widths are limited by the jitter of available single photon detectors and laser modulators. Presently, the slot width must be larger than the receiver detector jitter and the transmitter modulator transition times. We show techniques whereby the slot time can be reduced, such that the jitter limitation is no longer the slot width but rather the PPM symbol duration.
C1 [Birnbaum, Kevin M.; Farr, William H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Birnbaum, KM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7052-2
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 6877
BP K8770
EP K8770
DI 10.1117/12.763932
PG 8
WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications
SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications
GA BHQ91
UT WOS:000255550700018
ER
PT S
AU Prasad, NS
AF Prasad, Narasimha S.
BE Majumdar, AK
Ricklin, JC
TI Optical communications in the mid-wave IR spectral band
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATIONS: PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCES
SE Optical and Fiber Communications Reports
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID PERIODICALLY POLED LINBO3; PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; ROOM-TEMPERATURE;
MU-M; LASER; PROPAGATION; GENERATION; SIMULATION; THRESHOLD
AB The mid-wave IR (MWIR) spectral band extending front 3 to 5 microns is considered to be a low loss atmospheric window. The MWIR wavelengths are eye safe and Eire attractive for several free-space applications including remote sensing of chemical and biological species, hard target imaging, range finding, target illumination, and free-space communications. Due to the nature of light-matter interaction characteristics, MWIR wavelength based systems can provide unique advantages over other spectral bands for these applications. The MWIR wavelengths are found to effectively penetrate natural and anthropogenic obscurants. Consequently, MWIR systems offer increased range performance at reduced power levels. Free-space, line-of-sight optical communication links for terrestrial as well as space based platforms using MWIR wavelengths can be designed to operate under low visibility conditions. Combined with high-bandwidth, eye-safe, covert and jam proof features, a MWIR wavelength based optical communication link could play a vital role in hostile environments.
A free-space optical communication link basically consists of a transmitter, a receiver and a scheme for directing the beam towards a target. Coherent radiation in the MWIR spectral band can be generated using various types of lasers and nonlinear optical devices. Traditional modulation techniques are applicable to these optical sources. Novel detector and other subcomponent technologies with enhanced characteristics for a MWIR based system are advancing. Depending on the transmitter beam characteristics, atmospheric conditions may adversely influence the beam propagation and thereby increasing the bit error rate. For satisfactory transmission over a given range, the influence of atmosphere on beam propagation has to be analyzed. In this chapter, salient features of atmospheric modeling required for wavelength selection and performance prediction is presented. Potential optical sources and detectors for building a practical MWIR communication link are surveyed. As an illustration, the design configuration and experimental results of a recently demonstrated free-space, obscurant penetrating optical data communication link suitable for battlefield applications is discussed. In this case, the MWIR wavelength was derived using an all solid-state, compact, optical parametric oscillator device. With this device, weapon codes pertaining to small and large weapon platforms were transmitted over a range of 5 km. Furthermore, image transmission through light fog, accomplished using this hardware, is also presented.
Advances in source and detector technologies are contributing to the development of cost effective systems compatible with various platforms requirements. In coming years, MWIR wavelengths are anticipated to play a vital role in various human endeavors.
C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Prasad, NS (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 468 LEOB,5 N Dryden St,B 1202, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM n.s.prasad@larc.nasa.gov
NR 46
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
SN 1619-1447
BN 978-0-387-28652-5
J9 OPT FIBER COMMUN REP
PY 2008
BP 347
EP 391
DI 10.1007/s10297-005-0057-x
D2 10.1007/978-0-387-28677-8
PG 45
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications
GA BKF23
UT WOS:000267946900008
ER
PT S
AU Moision, B
AF Moision, Bruce
BE Majumdar, AK
Davis, CC
TI Low Complexity Error-Control-Coding for Variable Duty-Cycle
Pulse-Position-Modulation
SO FREE - SPACE LASER COMMUNICATIONS VIII
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication
CY AUG 10-12, 2008
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Optical Communications; Pulse-Position-Modulation; Error-correction-Code
AB Efficient use of a deep-space optical communications channel requires changes to the duty cycle of the modulation as the signal and noise powers change. This can be facilitated by modulating the signal with pulse-position-modulation (PPM), supporting multiple PPM orders. To implement iterative demodulation, which is required by certain error-correction-codes to obtain near-capacity performance, would nominally require a distinct hardware implementation for each PPM order. In this paper we describe a method to utilize a single hardware implementation of an iterative demodulator for any PPM order. The method may be applied to any coded modulation that utilizes iterative demodulation and maps to multiple modulation orders.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Moision, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM bmoision@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7311-0
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7091
AR 709104
DI 10.1117/12.798441
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics
GA BIO84
UT WOS:000261377600003
ER
PT B
AU Weinreb, S
AF Weinreb, Sander
BE Bridle, AH
TI Technology for the next fifty years
SO FRONTIERS OF ASTROPHYSICS: A CELEBRATION OF NRAO'S 50TH ANNIVERSARY
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Frontiers of Astrophysics - A Celebration of NRAOS 50th
Anniversary
CY JUN 18-21, 2007
CL Charlottesville, VA
AB This paper presents a view of radio-astronomy technology over the interval of 1957 to 2057, with the prediction that receiver cost will be reduced by a factor of 1 million. Sonic areas of this technology such as single-chip receivers and low-noise amplifiers are briefly described, along with suggested radio-astronomy goals. Recommendations regarding the Square Kilometer Array and the future NRAO technology program are presented.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Weinreb, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-C 136-93, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM sweinreb@caltecth.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-660-8
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2008
VL 395
BP 335
EP 345
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIG23
UT WOS:000259297300029
ER
PT S
AU Gehrels, N
AF Gehrels, Neil
CA Swift Team
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI Status of Swift GRB observations
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE gamma ray burst; gamma ray astronomy
ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; HOST GALAXY; AFTERGLOW; REDSHIFT; GRB-050709;
SUPERNOVA; GRB-060614; DISCOVERY; TELESCOPE; EMISSION
AB Since its launch on 20 November 2004, the Swift mission has been detecting similar to 100 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) each year, and immediately (within similar to 90 s) starting X-ray and UV/optical observations of the afterglow. It has already collected an impressive database including prompt emission to higher sensitivities than BATSE, uniform monitoring of afterglows, and rapid follow-up by other observatories notified through the GCN. The X-ray afterglows have been found to have complex temporal shapes, including tails emission from the prompt phase and bright flares. X-ray and optical afterglow detections from short bursts have led to accurate localizations. It is found that they can occur in non-star forming galaxies or regions, whereas long GRBs are strongly concentrated within star forming regions. This is consistent with the NS merger model. Swift has greatly increased the redshift range of GRB detection. The highest redshift GRBs, at z similar to 5-6, are approaching the era of reionization. Ground-based deep optical spectroscopy of high redshift bursts is giving metallicity measurements and other information on the source environment to much greater distance than other techniques. The localization of GRB 060218 in a nearby galaxy, and association with SN 2006aj, added a valuable member to the class of GRBs with detected supernova. The prospects for future progress are excellent given the > 10 year orbital lifetime of the Swift satellite.
C1 [Gehrels, Neil] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Gehrels, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012
NR 44
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 3
EP 8
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400001
ER
PT S
AU Falcone, AD
Morris, D
Racusin, J
Chincarini, G
Moretti, A
Romano, R
Burrows, DN
Pagani, C
Stroh, M
Grupe, D
Campana, S
Covino, S
Tagliaferri, G
Gehrels, N
AF Falcone, A. D.
Morris, D.
Racusin, J.
Chincarini, G.
Moretti, A.
Romano, R.
Burrows, D. N.
Pagani, C.
Stroh, M.
Grupe, D.
Campana, S.
Covino, S.
Tagliaferri, G.
Gehrels, N.
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI Observations of X-ray flares from GRBs
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE GRBs; X-rays
ID BURST AFTERGLOWS; LIGHT CURVES; ENGINE ACTIVITY; SWIFT; LONG; TELESCOPE;
EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; MODEL; JET
AB Swift-XRT observations of the X-ray emission from gamma ray bursts (GRBs) and during the GRB afterglow have led to many new results during the past two years. One of these exciting results is that similar to 1/3 - 1/2 of GRBs contain detectable X-ray flares. The mean fluence of the X-ray flares is similar to 10x less than that of the initial prompt emission, but in some cases the flare is as energetic as the prompt emission itself. The flares display fast rises and decays, and they sometimes occur at very late times relative to the prompt emission (sometimes as late as 10(5) s after TO) with very high peak fluxes relative to the underlying afterglow decay that has clearly begun prior to some flares. The temporal and spectral properties of the flares are found to favor models in which flares arise due to the same GRB internal engine processes that spawned the prompt GRB emission. Therefore, both long and short GRB internal engine models must be capable of producing high fluences in the X-ray band at very late times.
C1 [Falcone, A. D.; Morris, D.; Racusin, J.; Burrows, D. N.; Pagani, C.; Stroh, M.; Grupe, D.] Penn State Univ, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Chincarini, G.; Moretti, A.; Romano, R.; Burrows, D. N.; Campana, S.; Covino, S.; Tagliaferri, G.] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Brera, Merate, Italy.
[Chincarini, G.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy.
[Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Falcone, AD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RI Racusin, Judith/D-2935-2012;
OI Campana, Sergio/0000-0001-6278-1576; moretti,
alberto/0000-0002-9770-0315; Covino, Stefano/0000-0001-9078-5507;
Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723
NR 44
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 91
EP +
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400021
ER
PT S
AU Hakkila, J
Giblin, TW
Norris, JP
Fragile, PC
Bonnell, JT
Wells, M
AF Hakkila, Jon
Giblin, Timothy W.
Norris, Jay P.
Fragile, P. Chris
Bonnell, Jerry T.
Wells, Mark
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI Gamma-ray burst pulse lags
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE gamma-ray bursts
ID INTERNAL SHOCKS; LIGHT CURVES; LUMINOSITY; EVOLUTION
AB Gamma-ray burst (GRB) spectral lags are pulse rather than burst characteristics. Most GRB pulses have well-defined properties: short-lag pulses have shorter durations and are brighter than long-lag pulses. These properties are present in the observer's frame, implying that pulse characteristics are intrinsic and are more pronounced than cosmological effects. We show how the GRB lag measured by the cross-correlation function is primarily that of the brightest, shortest-lag pulse, and is insensitive to the presence of longer-lag pulses. The hypothesis that long-lag pulses are related to external shocks is thus placed in doubt because (1) short-lag pulses often precede long-lag ones temporally, and (2) the range of pulse lags seems to span the range of GRB lags.
C1 [Hakkila, Jon; Fragile, P. Chris; Wells, Mark] Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, Charleston, SC 29401 USA.
[Giblin, Timothy W.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Asheville, NC USA.
[Norris, Jay P.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci Div, Moffett Field, CA USA.
[Bonnell, Jerry T.] UMCP, CRESST, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Hakkila, J (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, Charleston, SC 29401 USA.
OI Galassi, Mark/0000-0002-3279-2693
FU NASA [GRNASNNX06AB43G]; South Carolina NASA Space
FX This work has been supported by NASA under award No. GRNASNNX06AB43G and
through the South Carolina NASA Space Grant program.
NR 13
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 109
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400025
ER
PT S
AU Pal'shin, V
Aptekar, R
Frederiks, D
Golenetskii, S
Il'inskii, V
Mazets, E
Yamaoka, K
Ohno, M
Hurley, K
Sakamato, T
Oleynik, P
Ulanov, M
Mitrofanov, IG
Golovin, D
Litvak, ML
Sanin, AB
Boynton, W
Fellows, C
Harshman, K
Shinohara, C
Starr, R
AF Pal'shin, V.
Aptekar, R.
Frederiks, D.
Golenetskii, S.
Il'inskii, V.
Mazets, E.
Yamaoka, K.
Ohno, M.
Hurley, K.
Sakamato, T.
Oleynik, P.
Ulanov, M.
Mitrofanov, I. G.
Golovin, D.
Litvak, M. L.
Sanin, A. B.
Boynton, W.
Fellows, C.
Harshman, K.
Shinohara, C.
Starr, R.
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI Extremely long hard bursts observed by Konus-Wind
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE gamma-ray bursts
AB We report the observations of the prompt emission of the extremely long hard burst GRB 06081413, discovered by Konus-Wind and localized by the IPN. The observations reveal a smooth, hard, similar to 40-min long pulse followed by weaker emission seen several hours after the burst onset. We also present the Konus-Wind data on similar burst GRB 971208, localized by BATSE/IPN. And finally we discuss the different possible origins of these unusual events.
C1 [Pal'shin, V.; Aptekar, R.; Frederiks, D.; Golenetskii, S.; Il'inskii, V.; Mazets, E.; Oleynik, P.; Ulanov, M.] Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia.
[Yamaoka, K.] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys & Math, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan.
[Ohno, M.] Hiroshima Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan.
[Hurley, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Sakamato, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Mitrofanov, I. G.; Golovin, D.; Litvak, M. L.; Sanin, A. B.] Inst Space Res, Moscow 117997, Russia.
[Boynton, W.; Fellows, C.; Harshman, K.; Shinohara, C.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Starr, R.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
RP Pal'shin, V (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia.
EM val@mail.ioffe.ru; fred@mail.ioffe.ru;
ohno@hep01.hepl.hiroshima-u.ac.jp; khurley@ssl.berkeley.edu
RI Oleynik, Philipp/C-1104-2014; Frederiks, Dmitry/C-7612-2014; Pal'shin,
Valentin/F-3973-2014; Ulanov, Mikhail/B-3467-2015; Aptekar,
Raphail/B-3456-2015; Golenetskii, Sergey/B-3818-2015;
OI Ulanov, Mikhail/0000-0002-0076-5228; Frederiks,
Dmitry/0000-0002-1153-6340
FU BATSE [GRB 971208]; Russian Space Agency contract and RFBR
[06-02-16070]; USRA; Mars Odyssey Participating Scientist program
[1282043]; INTEGRAL U.S. Guest Investigator program [NNX07AJ65G]; Suzaku
U.S. Guest Investigator program [NNX06AI36G]
FX We are grateful to Valerie Connaughton for kindly providing us with the
figure of the BATSE light curve of GRB 971208. The Konus-Wind experiment
is supported by a Russian Space Agency contract and RFBR grant
06-02-16070. VR and D.R thank Neil Gehrels and USRA for the support of
their participation in the conference. KH is grateful for support under
the Mars Odyssey Participating Scientist program (JPL Contract 1282043),
the INTEGRAL U.S. Guest Investigator program (NASA Grant NNX07AJ65G),
and the Suzaku U.S. Guest Investigator program (NASA Grant NNX06AI36G).
NR 5
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 117
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400027
ER
PT S
AU Band, DL
AF Band, David L.
CA GLAST Collaboration
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI The synergy of gamma-ray burst detectors in the GLAST era
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE gamma-ray burst detectors
ID SENSITIVITY; MISSION; MONITOR; GRBS
AB Simultaneous observations by the large number of gamma-ray burst detectors operating in the GLAST era will provide the spectra, lightcurves and locations necessary for studying burst physics and testing the putative relations between intrinsic burst properties. The detectors' energy bands and the accumulation timescale of their trigger system affect their sensitivity to hard vs. soft and long vs. short bursts. Coordination of the Swift and GLAST observing plans consistent with Swift's other science objectives could increase the detection rate of GLAST bursts with redshifts.
C1 [Band, David L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Band, DL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 17
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 121
EP 124
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400028
ER
PT S
AU Krimm, H
Yamaoka, K
Ohno, M
Tashiro, M
Onda, K
Sato, G
Sakamoto, T
Sugita, S
AF Krimm, Hans
Yamaoka, Kazutaka
Ohno, Masanori
Tashiro, Makoto
Onda, Kaori
Sato, Goro
Sakamoto, Takanori
Sugita, Satoshi
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI Correlative analysis of GRBs detected by Swift and Suzaku-WAM
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE gamma rays : bursts
ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
AB Since most gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have a peak energy (Epeak) above the energy range (15-150 keV) of the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on Swift, a full understanding of the prompt emission from Swift GRBs requires spectral fits over as broad an energy range as possible. This can be done for bursts which are simultaneously detected by Swift BAT and the Suzaku Wide-band All-Sky Monitor (WAM), which covers the energy range from 50-5000 keV Since the launch of Suzaku in July 2005, there have been 33 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) which have triggered both Swift and WAM. A joint BAT-WAM team has cross-calibrated the two instruments using GRBs, and we are now able to perform joint fits on these bursts to determine spectral parameters including Epeak. The results of broad spectral fits allows us to understand the distribution of Epeak for Swift bursts and to calibrate Epeak estimators when Epeak is within the BAT energy range. For those bursts with spectroscopic redshifts, we can calculate the isotropic energy and study various correlations between Epeak and other global burst parameters. Here we present preliminary results of joint Swift/BAT-Suzaku/WAM spectral fits.
C1 [Krimm, Hans; Sakamoto, Takanori] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Krimm, H (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 129
EP 132
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400030
ER
PT S
AU Stamatikos, M
Sakamoto, T
Band, DL
AF Stamatikos, Michael
Sakamoto, Takanori
Band, David L.
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI Correlative spectral analysis of gamma-ray bursts using Swift-BAT and
GLAST-GBM
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE gamma-ray astronomy; gamma-ray bursts and spectroscopy
ID BRIGHT; ERA
AB We discuss the preliminary results of spectral analysis simulations involving anticipated correlated multi-wavelength observations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) using Swift's Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) and the Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope's (GLAST) Burst Monitor (GLAST-GBM), resulting in joint spectral fits, including characteristic photon energy (E-peak) values, for a conservative annual estimate of similar to 30 GRBs. The addition of BAT's spectral response will (i) complement in-orbit calibration efforts of GBM's detector response matrices, (ii) augment GLAST's low energy sensitivity by increasing the similar to 20 - 100 keV effective area, (iii) facilitate ground-based follow-up efforts of GLAST GRBs by increasing GBM's source localization precision, and (iv) help identify a subset of non-triggered GRBs discovered via off-line GBM data analysis. Such multi-wavelength correlative analyses, which have been demonstrated by successful joint-spectral fits of Swift-BAT GRBs with other higher energy detectors such as Konus-WIND and Suzaku-WAM, would enable the study of broad-band spectral and temporal evolution of prompt GRB emission over three energy decades, thus potentially increasing science return without placing additional demands upon mission resources throughout their contemporaneous orbital tenure over the next decade.
C1 [Stamatikos, Michael; Sakamoto, Takanori; Band, David L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Stamatikos, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 8
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 133
EP 136
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400031
ER
PT S
AU Stamatikos, M
Ukwatta, TN
Sakamoto, T
Barthelmy, SD
Norris, JP
Gehrels, N
Dhuga, KS
AF Stamatikos, Michael
Ukwatta, Tilan N.
Sakamoto, Takanori
Barthelmy, Scott D.
Norris, Jay P.
Gehrels, Neil
Dhuga, Kalvir S.
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI Investigating the lag-luminosity relation in the Swift era with the
Burst Alert Telescope (BAT)
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE gamma-ray bursts and temporal analysis
ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
AB We report on an investigation that confronts the lag-luminosity relation (LLR), i.e. a surrogate redshift parameterization based upon an empirically determined anti-correlation between the observed isotropic luminosity and the temporal lag between the arrivals of photon pulses in low (25-50 keV) and high (100-300 keV) energy bands, with observations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with Swift's Burst Alert Telescope (BAT). Our initial methodology is based upon a cross-correlation function (CCF) analysis of 64 ins BAT light curves (temporal spectra), for a small subset of GRBs with observed spectroscopic redshift (Z(obs)). Our preliminary results span 4 temporal decades and indicate anagreement with LLR, within the margins of error(excluding GRBs 980425 and 060218).
C1 [Stamatikos, Michael; Ukwatta, Tilan N.; Sakamoto, Takanori; Barthelmy, Scott D.; Gehrels, Neil] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Ukwatta, Tilan N.; Dhuga, Kalvir S.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
[Sakamoto, Takanori] Univ Maryland, Baltimore County, CRESST, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Norris, Jay P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Stamatikos, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Michael.Stamatikos-1@nasa.gov; tilan.ukwatta@gmail.com;
scott@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; jpnorris@stanford.edu;
gehrels@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov
RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012
FU NPP at NASA-GSFC; ORAU
FX M.S. is supported by an NPP Fellowship at NASA-GSFC administered by
ORAU.
NR 7
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 137
EP +
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400032
ER
PT S
AU Shirasaki, Y
Yoshida, A
Kawai, N
Nakagawa, Y
Tamagawa, T
Suzuki, M
Sugita, S
Takahashi, I
Arimoto, M
Shimokawabe, T
Vasquez, N
Ishimura, T
Sato, R
Sakamoto, T
Kuwahara, M
Matsuoka, M
AF Shirasaki, Y.
Yoshida, A.
Kawai, N.
Nakagawa, Y.
Tamagawa, T.
Suzuki, M.
Sugita, S.
Takahashi, I.
Arimoto, M.
Shimokawabe, T.
Vasquez, N.
Ishimura, T.
Sato, R.
Sakamoto, T.
Kuwahara, M.
Matsuoka, M.
CA HETE-2 team
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI Spectrum feature of the underlying soft component of GRB041006
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE GRB; HETE2; GRB 041006
ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; PRECURSORS; AFTERGLOW; PERFORMANCE; BRIGHT
AB GRB 041006 was detected by HETE-2 at 12:19:08 UT on 06 October 2004. The GRB shows a soft X-ray emission, a precursor before the onset of the main GRB, and also shows a soft X-ray tail after the end of the main peak. The light curves within four different energy bands show different features; At higher energy bands several peaks are seen in the light curve, while at lower energy band a single broader bump is dominated. It is expected that these different features are the result of mixture of several components each of which has different energetics and variability. To reveal the nature of each component we analysed the time resolved spectra and they are successfully resolved into several components.
C1 [Shirasaki, Y.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan.
[Yoshida, A.; Nakagawa, Y.; Sugita, S.; Takahashi, I.] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys & Math, Shibuya, Japan.
[Yoshida, A.; Kawai, N.; Tamagawa, T.; Sugita, S.; Kuwahara, M.] RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.
[Kawai, N.; Arimoto, M.; Shimokawabe, T.; Vasquez, N.; Ishimura, T.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept phys, Tokyo, Japan.
[Suzuki, M.; Matsuoka, M.] JAXA, Tsukuba Flight Ctr, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan.
[Sato, R.] JAXA, ISAS, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan.
[Sakamoto, T.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Shirasaki, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan.
EM yuji.shirasaki@nao.ac.jp; ayoshida@phys.aoyama.ac.jp;
nkawai@phys.titech.ac.jp; yujin@phys.aoyama.ac.jp;
suzuki.motoko@jaxa.jp; sugita@phys.aoyama.ac.jp;
itakahashi@phys.aoyama.ac.jp; arimoto@hp.phys.titech.ac.jp;
shimokawabe@hp.phys.titech.ac.jp; nvasquez.aa@m.titech.ac.jp;
ishimura@hp.phys.titech.ac.jp; rsato@astro.isas.jaxa.jp
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 158
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400037
ER
PT S
AU Ukwatta, TN
Sakamoto, T
Stamatikos, M
Gehrels, N
Dhuga, KS
AF Ukwatta, T. N.
Sakamoto, T.
Stamatikos, M.
Gehrels, N.
Dhuga, K. S.
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI Screening high-z GRBs with BAT prompt emission properties
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE gamma-ray bursts; high-z GRBs
AB Detecting high-z GRBs is important for constraining the GRB formation rate, and tracing the history of re-ionization and metallicity of the universe. Based on the current sample of GRBs detected by Swift with known redshifts, we investigated the relationship between red-shift, and spectral and temporal characteristics, using the BAT event-by-event data. We found red-shift trends for the peak-flux-normalized temporal width T90, the light curve variance, the peak flux, and the photon index in simple power-law fit to the BAT event data. We have constructed criteria for screening GRBs with high red-shifts. This will enable us to provide a much faster alert to the GRB community of possible high-z bursts.
C1 [Ukwatta, T. N.; Dhuga, K. S.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
[Ukwatta, T. N.; Sakamoto, T.; Stamatikos, M.; Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Sakamoto, T.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Stamatikos, M.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Ukwatta, TN (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
EM tilan.ukwatta@gmail.com; Michael.Stamatikos-1@nasa.gov;
gehrels@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov
RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012
NR 3
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 166
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400039
ER
PT S
AU Marshall, FE
AF Marshall, F. E.
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI Optical GRB afterglows detected with UVOT
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE gamma-ray bursts
AB The automated response of the UltraViolet and Optical Telescope (UVOT) on Swift to new GRBs has several parameters, including exposure time, filter sequence and data mode, that can be adjusted to optimize the science return of early afterglow observations. After some initial changes, the response has remained stable since March 15, 2006. From then through August 10, 2007, UVOT observed 122 of the 130 GRBs detected with Swift's Burst Alert Telescope (BAT). UVOT typically takes an initial 100-s exposure with the White filter (160-650 nm) starting 60 - 180 s after the trigger and then takes exposures with the other 6 filters. In its first finding chart exposure UVOT detected 39% of the 84 long (T90 > 2.0s) GRBs that were not heavily reddened in the Milky Way (EB-V < 0.5) and were observed within 500 seconds of the trigger. Another 4% were detected after including subsequent exposures. Afterglow magnitudes ranged from 12.8 to the sensitivity limit of similar to 21. Only 1 of 11 short GRBs were detected, and its magnitude was near the sensitivity limit. We also report correlations of afterglow magnitudes with other GRB properties.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Marshall, FE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 185
EP 188
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400043
ER
PT S
AU Vetere, L
Burrows, DN
Gehrels, N
Meszaros, P
Morris, DC
Racusin, JL
AF Vetere, L.
Burrows, D. N.
Gehrels, N.
Meszaros, P.
Morris, D. C.
Racusin, J. L.
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI GRBs with no afterglow even in the Swift Era?
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE X-ray; gamma-ray; gamma-ray bursts
AB Three years after its launch Swift has successfully localized and observed a few hundred GRBs. Its well-known speed in slewing to the source has led to great discoveries such as the flaring activities in early X-ray afterglows and the detection of Short GRB afterglows. In a few cases, mainly Short GRBs or late observations, XRT did not detect any emission. However, for six Long GRBs XRT could not measure any X-afterglow either, even as early as 100s after the BAT trigger. In this paper we present a study of these unusual events. We analyse their peculiar behaviour in the Gamma and X-ray bands and discuss their singular origin.
C1 [Vetere, L.; Burrows, D. N.; Meszaros, P.; Morris, D. C.; Racusin, J. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Vetere, L (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM vetere@astro.psu.edu; burrows@astro.psu.edu;
gehrels@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; morris@astro.psu.edu;
racusin@astro.psu.edu
RI Racusin, Judith/D-2935-2012
NR 3
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 191
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400044
ER
PT S
AU Frederiks, D
Aptekar, R
Cline, I
Goldsten, J
Golenetskii, S
Hurley, K
Ilinskii, V
von Kienlin, A
Mazets, E
Palshin, V
AF Frederiks, D.
Aptekar, R.
Cline, T.
Goldsten, J.
Golenetskii, S.
Hurley, K.
Ilinskii, V.
von Kienlin, A.
Mazets, E.
Palshin, V.
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI GRB 051103 and GRB 070201 as giant flares from SGRs in nearby galaxies
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE gamma-ray bursts; soft gamma-ray repeaters; M31; M81/M82 group
ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; SGR-1806-20; SPECTROMETER; REPEATER; M81
AB The Konus-Wind observations of extremely bright short hard GRB 051103 and GRB 070201 are presented. Results of gamma-ray data temporal and spectral analysis together with lPN sources localization are bringing evidences of the bursts being initial pulses of Giant Flares from Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters in the nearby galaxies M81/M82 and M31.
C1 [Frederiks, D.; Aptekar, R.; Golenetskii, S.; Ilinskii, V.; Mazets, E.; Palshin, V.] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia.
[Cline, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Goldsten, J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Hurley, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[von Kienlin, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany.
RP Frederiks, D (reprint author), AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia.
RI Frederiks, Dmitry/C-7612-2014; Pal'shin, Valentin/F-3973-2014; Aptekar,
Raphail/B-3456-2015; Golenetskii, Sergey/B-3818-2015;
OI Frederiks, Dmitry/0000-0002-1153-6340
FU Federal Space Agency of Russia; RFBR [06-02-16070]; NASA [NNG06GE69G];
NNX07AR71G
FX On the Russian side this work was supported by Federal Space Agency of
Russia and RFBR grant 06-02-16070. KH is grateful for IPN support under
NASA grants NNG06GE69G (the INTEGRAL guest investigator program) and
NNX07AR71G (MESSENGER Participating Scientist program). D.F. and V.P
thank Neil Gehrels and USRA for the support of their participation in
the conference.
NR 26
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 271
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400062
ER
PT S
AU Norris, JP
Gehrels, N
AF Norris, Jay P.
Gehrels, Neil
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI Prevalence of extended emission in short GRBs
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE gamma-ray bursts
ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
AB The soft low-intensity component persisting for tens of seconds after the much more intense initial pulse complex (IPC) in short bursts is apparent in both the BATSE and Swift/BAT samples. This extended emission (EE) component is present in similar to 25% of BAT and BATSE short bursts. The average principle properties of IPCs of short bursts with and without EE are indistinguishable, suggesting that short bursts are "unified". In most. short bursts with EE the ratio of average EE flux to peak IPC flux ranges over R similar to 10(-3) - 5 x 10(-2). A statistical treatment of the BATSE sample, and calibration of the BAT sensitivity to the EE component, suggest that R similar to 10(-3) may be the lower cutoff - that similar to 3/4 of short GRBs are truly short with no EE.
C1 [Norris, Jay P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Gehrels, Neil] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Norris, JP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 4
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 280
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400064
ER
PT S
AU Stratta, G
D'Avanzo, P
Piranomonte, S
Cutini, S
Preger, B
Perri, M
Conciatore, ML
Covino, S
Stella, L
Guetta, D
Marshall, F
Holland, S
Stamatikos, M
Guidorzi, C
Mangano, V
Antonelli, LA
Burrows, DN
Campana, S
Capalbi, M
Chincarini, G
Cusumano, G
D'Elia, V
Evans, PA
Fiore, F
Fugazza, F
Giommi, R
Osborne, JP
La Parola, V
Mineo, T
Moretti, A
Page, K
Romano, P
Tagliaferri, G
AF Stratta, G.
D'Avanzo, P.
Piranomonte, S.
Cutini, S.
Preger, B.
Perri, M.
Conciatore, M. L.
Covino, S.
Stella, L.
Guetta, D.
Marshall, F.
Holland, S.
Stamatikos, M.
Guidorzi, C.
Mangano, V.
Antonelli, L. A.
Burrows, D. N.
Campana, S.
Capalbi, M.
Chincarini, G.
Cusumano, G.
D'Elia, V.
Evans, P. A.
Fiore, F.
Fugazza, F.
Giommi, P.
Osborne, J. P.
La Parola, V.
Mineo, T.
Moretti, A.
Page, K.
Romano, P.
Tagliaferri, G.
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI Study of the prompt and afterglow emission of the short GRB 061201
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE gamma-ray sources; gamma-ray bursts
ID RAY BURST AFTERGLOWS
AB The X-ray afterglow of the short GRB 061201 clearly showed an early steepening of the light curve 0.7 hours after the burst with post break decay index consistent with delta(2)similar to 2. We discuss some possible interpretations of this feature. Despite the optical afterglow was clearly detected, no underlying galaxy was found down to R >= 26 mag.
C1 [Stratta, G.; Cutini, S.; Preger, B.; Perri, M.; Conciatore, M. L.; Giommi, P.] ASDC INAF, Frascati, Italy.
[D'Avanzo, P.] Univ Insubria, Como, Italy.
[Piranomonte, S.; Stella, L.; Guetta, D.; Antonelli, L. A.; D'Elia, V.; Fiore, F.] Osservatorio Astro Roma, INAF, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy.
[Cutini, S.] Univ Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
[Conciatore, M. L.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
[Covino, S.; Campana, S.; Moretti, A.; Romano, P.; Tagliaferri, G.] Osservatorio Astro Brera, INAF, Merate, LC, Italy.
[Marshall, F.; Burrows, D. N.] PSU, Dept Astron & Astrophys, State Coll, PA USA.
[Holland, S.; Stamatikos, M.] NASA, GSFC, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Holland, S.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA.
[Guidorzi, C.] Univ Milan, Bicocca, Italy.
[Mangano, V.; Cusumano, G.; La Parola, V.; Mineo, T.] Sezione Palermo, IASF, INAF, Palermo, Italy.
[Capalbi, M.] INAF, ASDC, Frascati, Italy.
[Evans, P. A.; Osborne, J. P.; Page, K.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester, Leics, England.
RP Stratta, G (reprint author), ASDC INAF, Frascati, Italy.
RI Stratta, Maria Giuliana/L-3045-2016;
OI Stratta, Maria Giuliana/0000-0003-1055-7980; D'Elia,
Valerio/0000-0002-7320-5862; guetta, dafne/0000-0002-7349-1109;
Cusumano, Giancarlo/0000-0002-8151-1990; Campana,
Sergio/0000-0001-6278-1576; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Covino,
Stefano/0000-0001-9078-5507; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; moretti,
alberto/0000-0002-9770-0315; Mineo, Teresa/0000-0002-4931-8445; Perri,
Matteo/0000-0003-3613-4409; La Parola, Valentina/0000-0002-8087-6488;
Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723; Fiore,
Fabrizio/0000-0002-4031-4157
FU ASI Science Data Center; ASI [1/024/05/0]; MIUR [2005025417]
FX This work is supported in Italy from ASI Science Data Center and by ASI
grant 1/024/05/0 and MIUR grant 2005025417.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 297
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400068
ER
PT S
AU Mangano, V
Holland, ST
Malesani, D
Troja, E
Chincarini, G
Zhang, B
La Parola, V
Burrows, DN
Della Valle, M
Gehrels, N
AF Mangano, V.
Holland, S. T.
Malesani, D.
Troja, E.
Chincarini, G.
Zhang, B.
La Parola, V.
Burrows, D. N.
Della Valle, M.
Gehrels, N.
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI The Swift view of GRB 060614
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE gamma-rays : bursts
ID GAMMA-RAY BURST
AB GRB 060614 is a remarkable nearby GRB (z = 0.125) observed by Swift. It has puzzling properties, which challenge current progenitor models: the lack of any bright supernova down to very strict limits and the vanishing spectral lags are typical of short GRBs, strikingly at odds with the long (102 s) duration of this event. However, the burst presents optical, UV and X-ray afterglows in remarkable agreement with standard jetted fireball models. In particular, spectral analysis of BAT and XRT data during the overlap time interval and after shows that the peak energy of the burst decays and crosses the XRT energy band within 500 s from the trigger. The afterglow shows a jet break simultaneously detected in optical, UV and X-rays. Moreover, the UVOT light curves possibly show evidence of die passage of the injection frequency across the optical band between 10 and 30 ks from the trigger.
C1 [Mangano, V.; Troja, E.; La Parola, V.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis, Sez Palermo, INAF, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy.
[Holland, S. T.; Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Malesani, D.] Univ Copenhagen, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Chincarini, G.] Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-23807 Merate, Italy.
[Chincarini, G.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy.
[Zhang, B.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
[Burrows, D. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Della Valle, M.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy.
RP Mangano, V (reprint author), Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis, Sez Palermo, INAF, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy.
RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012;
OI Della Valle, Massimo/0000-0003-3142-5020; La Parola,
Valentina/0000-0002-8087-6488
FU ASI [I/Ol 1/07/01/]; MIUR [2005025417]
FX This work is supported at INAF by funding from ASI on grant number I/Ol
1/07/01/ and from MIUR grant 2005025417.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 323
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400074
ER
PT S
AU Sugita, S
Yamaoka, K
Ohno, M
Tashiro, M
Pal'shin, V
Golenetskii, S
Sakamoto, T
Cummings, J
Krimm, H
Stamatikos, M
Parsons, A
Barthelmy, S
Gehrels, N
AF Sugita, Satoshi
Yamaoka, Kazutaka
Ohno, Masanori
Tashiro, Makoto
Pal'shin, Valentin
Golenetskii, Sergel
Sakamoto, Takanori
Cummings, Jay
Krimm, Hans
Stamatikos, Michael
Parsons, Ann
Barthelmy, Scott
Gehrels, Neil
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI Suzaku-WAM, Konus-Wind, and Swift-BAT observations of the prompt
emission of the highest redshift GRB 050904
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE gamma-ray burst; observation; Suzaku
ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; PEAK ENERGY; AFTERGLOW; SPECTRUM
AB We present the results of the highest redshift GRB 050904 from joint spectral analyses among Swift/BAT, Konus-Wind and Suzaku-WAM covering a wide energy range of 15-5000 keV The peak energy was first measured at 338(-93)(+168) keV, corresponding to 2465(-678)(+1225) keV in the source frame. This is one of the highest value that has been ever meaured. The derived spectral and energetic parameters are consisitent with the Amati relation, but not with the Ghirlada relation. This implies that the circumburst density of this burst might be larger than the nominal value, as suggested by other wavelength observations. We also found that the burst could be an outlier in Yonetoku relation.
C1 [Sugita, Satoshi; Yamaoka, Kazutaka] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan.
[Sugita, Satoshi] Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan.
[Ohno, Masanori] Hiroshima Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398426, Japan.
[Tashiro, Makoto] Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Saitama 3388570, Japan.
[Pal'shin, Valentin; Golenetskii, Sergel] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Expt Astrophys Lab, St Petersburg 194021, Russia.
[Sakamoto, Takanori; Cummings, Jay; Krimm, Hans; Stamatikos, Michael; Parsons, Ann; Barthelmy, Scott; Gehrels, Neil] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Sakamoto, Takanori; Stamatikos, Michael] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Cummings, Jay] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Krimm, Hans] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA.
RP Sugita, S (reprint author), Aoyama Gakuin Univ, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan.
EM sugita@phys.aoyama.ac.jp; ohno@hep01.hepl.hiroshima-u.ac.jp;
tashiro@phy.saitamzi-u.ac.jp; val@mail.ioffe.ru; hans.krimm@nasa.gov;
michael.Stamatikos-1@nasa.gov; scott@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov;
gehrels@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov
RI Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012; Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels,
Neil/D-2971-2012; Pal'shin, Valentin/F-3973-2014; Golenetskii,
Sergey/B-3818-2015
NR 8
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 354
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400081
ER
PT S
AU Mizuno, Y
Nishikawa, KI
Hardee, P
Fishman, GJ
Preece, R
AF Mizuno, Y.
Nishikawa, K. -. I.
Hardee, P.
Fishman, G. J.
Preece, R.
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI Relativistic particle-in-cell simulation studies of prompt and early
afterglows from GRBs
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE microinstabilities, particle-in-cell method, jets and bursts; galactic
winds and fountains
ID MAGNETIC-FIELD GENERATION; RAY BURST SOURCES; SHOCKS; ACCELERATION;
RADIATION; EMISSION
AB Nonthermal radiation observed from astrophysical systems containing relativistic jets and shocks, e.g., gamma-my bursts (GRBs), active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and Galactic microquasar systems usually have power-law emission spectra. Recent PIC simulations of relativistic electron-ion (or electron-positron) jets injected into a stationary medium show that particle acceleration occurs within the downstream jet. In the collisionless relativistic shocks particle (electron, positron, and ion) acceleration is due to plasma waves and their associated instabilities (e.g., the Weibel (filamentation) instability) created in the shocks. The simulation results show that the Weibel instability is responsible for generating and amplifying highly nonuniform, small-scale magnetic fields. These magnetic fields contribute to the electron's transverse deflection behind the jet head. The "jitter" radiation from deflected electrons has different properties than synchrotron radiation which assumes a uniform magnetic field. This jitter radiation may be important to understanding the complex time evolution and/or spectral structure in gamma-ray bursts, relativistic jets, and supernova remnants.
C1 [Mizuno, Y.; Fishman, G. J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NSSTC, VP 62, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
[Nishikawa, K. -. I.; Preece, R.] Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Untsville, AL 35805 USA.
[Mizuno, Y.; Hardee, P.; Fishman, G. J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
RP Mizuno, Y (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NSSTC, VP 62, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
EM Yosuke.Mizuno-1@nasa.gov; FISHMAN@MSFC.NASA.GOV; Rob.Preece@nasa.gov
RI Mizuno, Yosuke/D-5656-2017;
OI Mizuno, Yosuke/0000-0002-8131-6730; Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335
FU NASA [AST-0506719, AST-0506666, NASANNG05GK73G]; IBM; (NCSA); NSF
FX 2W0e have benefited from many useful discussions with J. Frederiksen, A.
Nordlund, and C. Hededal. This work is supported by AST-0506719,
AST-0506666, and NASANNG05GK73G. Simulations were performed on Columbia
at NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) and IBM p690 (Copper) at the
National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) which is
supported by the NSF. Part of this work was done while K.-I. N. was
visiting the Niels Bohr Institute. He thank the director of the
institution for its generous hospitality.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 393
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400090
ER
PT S
AU Mizuno, Y
Hardee, P
Hartmann, DH
Nishikawa, KI
Zhang, B
AF Mizuno, Y.
Hardee, P.
Hartmann, D. H.
Nishikawa, K. -I.
Zhang, B.
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI A magnetohydrodynamic boost for relativistic jets
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE relativistic jets; magnetohydrodynamics; gamma-ray bursts
ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; BLACK-HOLES; EFFICIENCY; ACCRETION; OUTFLOWS; MERGERS
AB We performed relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations using the RAISHIN code of the hydrodynamic boosting mechanism for relativistic jets explored by Aloy and Rezzolla. Simulation results show that the presence of a magnetic field changes the properties of the shock interface between a tenuous, overpressured jet flowing parallel to the shock interface and a dense external medium. Magnetic fields can lead to more efficient acceleration of the jet; in comparison to the pure -hydrodynamic case. A "poloidal" magnetic field (B-z), tangent to the interface and parallel to the jet flow, produces both a stronger outward moving shock and a stronger inward moving rarefaction wave. This leads to a large velocity component normal to the interface in addition to acceleration tangent to the interface, and the jet is thus accelerated to larger Lorentz factors than those obtained in the pure hydrodynamic case. Likewise, a strong "toroidal" magnetic field (B-y), tangent to the interface but perpendicular to the jet flow, also leads to stronger acceleration tangent to the shock interface relative to the pure hydrodynamic case. Thus, the presence and relative orientation of a magnetic field in relativistic jets can significant modify the hydrodynamic boost mechanism studied by Aloy and Rezzolla.
C1 [Mizuno, Y.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NSSTC, VP 62, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
[Hartmann, D. H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
[Nishikawa, K. -I.] Clemson Univ, Kinard Lab, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
[Zhang, B.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
RP Mizuno, Y (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NSSTC, VP 62, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
EM Yosuke.Mizuno-1@nasa.gov; hdieter@clemson.edu; bzhang@physics.unlv.edu
RI Mizuno, Yosuke/D-5656-2017
OI Mizuno, Yosuke/0000-0002-8131-6730
FU National Space Science and Technology Center (NSSTC/NASA) [NCC8-256];
NSF [AST 05-06666, ATM 01-00997, INT 99-81508, AST 05-06719, Altix3700
BX2]; NASA [NNG05GK73G, HST-AR-10966.01-A, NASA-06-SWIFT306-0027,
NNG05GB67G, NNG06GH62G]; YITP in Kyoto University
FX Y. M. is supported by an appointment of the NASA Postdoctoral Program at
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated
Universities through a contract with NASA. P. H. acknowledges partial
support by National Space Science and Technology Center (NSSTC/NASA)
cooperative agreement NCC8-256 and NSF award AST 05-06666 to the
University of Alabama. K. N. acknowledges partial support by NSF awards
ATM 01-00997, INT 99-81508, and AST 05-06719, and NASA awards
NNG05GK73G, HST-AR-10966.01-A, and NASA-06-SWIFT306-0027 to the
University of Alabama in Huntsville. B. Z. acknowledges partial support
by NASA awards NNG05GB67G and NNG06GH62G. The simulations have been
performed on the IBM p690 (Copper) at the National Center for
Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), which is supported by the NSF and
Altix3700 BX2 at YITP in Kyoto University.
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 405
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400092
ER
PT S
AU Chester, MM
Wang, XY
Cummings, JR
Grupe, D
Hunsberger, SD
La Parola, V
Marshall, FE
Mineo, T
Oates, SR
Page, MJ
Roming, P
AF Chester, M. M.
Wang, X. Y.
Cummings, J. R.
Grupe, D.
Hunsberger, S. D.
La Parola, V
Marshall, F. E.
Mineo, T.
Oates, S. R.
Page, M. J.
Roming, P.
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI GRB 070318: A case of prompt emission from the external shock?
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE gamma-ray bursts
ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; ENERGY INJECTION; AFTERGLOW
AB The prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is generally thought to be produced by internal shocks within the relativistic outflow, while the longer-wavelength afterglow is produced by external shocks resulting from the interaction between the outflow and external medium. This picture has gained support from the clear separation between the prompt and afterglow phases seen in most Swift GRBs. However, no separation is seen in GRB 070318. The prompt X-ray emission extrapolated from the observed Swift BAT flux matches well the early X-ray afterglow emission in both temporal and spectral properties, and the combined 0.3-10 keV light curve can be fit with a single power-law with an index typical of late-time afterglows. The UV-optical light curve displays a similar power-law decay after the broad maximum. In addition, the gamma-my emission displays a single, FRED(fast rise, exponential decay)-like peak and unusually smooth light curve, consistent with a single impulsive event interacting with the external medium.
C1 [Chester, M. M.; Wang, X. Y.; Grupe, D.; Hunsberger, S. D.; Roming, P.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Chester, M. M.; Cummings, J. R.; Marshall, F. E.] NASA, Goddard Spa Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 23807 USA.
[La Parola, V; Mineo, T.] INAF Inst Astro Spaziale Fis Cosmica, Palermo, Italy.
[Oates, S. R.; Page, M. J.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Palermo, Italy.
RP Chester, MM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM chester@astro.psu.edu; xywang@astro.psu.edu; grupe@astro.psu.edu;
francis.e.marshall@nasa.gov; sro@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; roming@astro.psu.edu
OI Mineo, Teresa/0000-0002-4931-8445; La Parola,
Valentina/0000-0002-8087-6488
FU PSU; NASA [NAS5-00136, NNG06GH60G]; INAF; ASI [I/R/039/04]; COFIN MIUR
[2005025417]
FX This work is supported at PSU by NASA contract NAS5-00136 and at INAF by
ASI grant I/R/039/04 and COFIN MIUR grant 2005025417. D.G. acknowledges
support from NASA grant NNG06GH60G.
NR 14
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 421
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400096
ER
PT S
AU Schady, P
Mason, KO
Page, MJ
De Pasquale, M
Morris, DC
Oates, SR
Roming, PWA
Immler, S
Berk, DEV
AF Schady, P.
Mason, K. O.
Page, M. J.
De Pasquale, M.
Morris, D. C.
Oates, S. R.
Roming, P. W. A.
Immler, S.
Berk, D. E. Vanden
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI Gas-to-dust ratios in GRB host galaxies
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE dust, extinction - galaxies; ISM - gamma-rays : bursts - gamma-rays :
observations
ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; ENVIRONMENTS
AB An understanding of GRB host galaxy properties is pivotal to determining the progenitor stars, and is critical in identifying the effect of the GRB local environment on our observations. The imprint left by dust and gas absorption on GRB X-ray and optical afterglows provides an effective probe to the immediate surroundings, and for this well-sampled, multi-wavelength afterglow observations are imperative. Swift's capabilities to obtain simultaneous X-ray and UV/optical data make it ideal to study the dust and gas content in the local environment of GRBs. In these proceedings we further the work from [1], and present the results of analysis on the combined Swift and ground-based spectra of 24 GRB afterglows, which is the largest sample of GRB afterglow spectral energy distributions thus far studied.
C1 [Schady, P.; Mason, K. O.; Page, M. J.; De Pasquale, M.; Oates, S. R.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England.
[Mason, K. O.] STFC, Swindon SN2 1SZ, Wilts, England.
[Morris, D. C.; Roming, P. W. A.; Berk, D. E. Vanden] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Oates, S. R.] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-23807 Merate, Italy.
[Immler, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Schady, P (reprint author), Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England.
EM ps@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; Keith.Mason@stfc.ac.uk; mdp@gate.mssl.ucl.ac.uk;
morris@astro.psu.edu; sro@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; roming@astro.psu.edu;
danvb@astro.psu.edu
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 505
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400113
ER
PT S
AU Williams, GG
Milne, PA
Park, HS
Barthelmy, SD
Hartmann, DH
Updike, A
Hurley, K
AF Williams, G. G.
Milne, P. A.
Park, H. S.
Barthelmy, S. D.
Hartmann, D. H.
Updike, A.
Hurley, K.
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI The robotic Super-LOTIS telescope: Results & future plans
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE Super-LOTIS; gamma-ray bursts; afterglows
ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; OPTICAL TRANSIENT; AFTERGLOW; SEARCH; SYSTEM
AB We provide an overview of the robotic Super-LOTIS (Livermore Optical Transient Imaging System) telescope and present results from gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow observations using Super-LOTIS and other Steward Observatory telescopes. The 0.6-m Super-LOTIS telescope is a fully robotic system dedicated to the measurement of prompt and early time optical emission from GRBs. The system began routine operations from its Steward Observatory site atop Kitt Peak in April 2000 and currently operates every clear night. The telescope is instrumented with an optical CCD camera and a four position filter wheel. It is capable of observing Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) error boxes as early or earlier than the Swift UV/Optical Telescope (UVOT). Super-LOTIS complements the UVOT observations by providing early R- and I-band imaging. We also use the suite of Steward Observatory telescopes including the 1.6-m Kuiper, the 2.3-m Bok, the 6.5-m MMT, and the 8.4-m Large Binocular Telescope to perform follow-up optical and near infrared observations of GRB afterglows. These follow-up observations have traditionally required human intervention but we are currently working to automate the 1.6-m Kuiper telescope to minimize its response time.
C1 [Williams, G. G.] Univ Arizona, Multiple Mirror Telescope Observ, POB 210065, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Milne, P. A.] Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Park, H. S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Barthelmy, S. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Hartmann, D. H.; Updike, A.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
[Hurley, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Williams, GG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Multiple Mirror Telescope Observ, POB 210065, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM gwilliams@as.arizona.edu; scott@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov;
hdieter@clemson.edu; aupdike@clemson.edu; khurley@ssl.berkeley.edu
RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012
FU NASA [06-SWIFT306-0067]
FX This work was supported in part by NASA Proposal Number
06-SWIFT306-0067.
NR 9
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 535
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400118
ER
PT S
AU Evans, PA
Beardmore, AP
Goad, MR
Osborne, JP
Burrows, DN
Gehrels, N
AF Evans, P. A.
Beardmore, A. P.
Goad, M. R.
Osborne, J. P.
Burrows, D. N.
Gehrels, N.
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI Improving Swift-XRT positions of GRBs
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE Swift; gamma ray bursts; astrometry
ID TELESCOPE
AB Since GRBs fade rapidly, it is important to publish accurate, precise positions at early times. For Swift-detected bursts, the best promptly available position is most commonly the X-ray Telescope (XRT) position. We present two processes, developed by the Swift team at Leicester, which are now routinely used to improve the precision and accuracy of the XRT positions reported by the Swift team. Both methods, which are fully automated, make use of a PSF-fitfing approach which accounts for the bad columns on the CM The first method yields positions with 90% error radii <4.4 '' 90% of the time, within 10-20 minutes of the trigger. The second method astrometrically corrects the position using UVOT field stars and the known mapping between the XRT and UVOT detectors, yielding enhanced positions with 90% error radii of <2.8 '' 90% of the time, usually 2 hours after the trigger.
C1 [Evans, P. A.; Beardmore, A. P.; Goad, M. R.; Osborne, J. P.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
[Burrows, D. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Evans, PA (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
EM pae9@star.le.ac.uk; apb@star.le.ac.uk; julo@star.le.ac.uk;
burrows@astro.psu.edu; gehrels@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 539
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400119
ER
PT S
AU Hoover, AS
Kippen, RM
Wallace, MS
Pendleton, GN
Fishman, GJ
Meegan, CA
Kouveliotou, C
Wilson-Hodge, CA
Bissaldi, E
Diehl, R
Greiner, J
Lichti, GG
von Kienlin, A
Steinle, H
Bhat, PN
Briggs, MS
Connaughton, V
Paciesas, WS
Preece, RD
AF Hoover, A. S.
Kippen, R. M.
Wallace, M. S.
Pendleton, G. N.
Fishman, G. J.
Meegan, C. A.
Kouveliotou, C.
Wilson-Hodge, C. A.
Bissaldi, E.
Diehl, R.
Greiner, J.
Lichti, G. G.
von Kienlin, A.
Steinle, H.
Bhat, P. N.
Briggs, M. S.
Connaughton, V.
Paciesas, W. S.
Preece, R. D.
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI GLAST Burst Monitor instrument simulation and modeling
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE GLAST burst monitor simulation modeling
AB The GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM) is designed to provide wide field of view observations of gamma-ray bursts and other fast transient sources in the energy range 10 keV to 30 MeV. The GBM is composed of several unshielded and uncollimated scintillation detectors (twelve NaI and two BGO) that are widely dispersed about the GLAST spacecraft. As a result reconstructing source locations, energy spectra, and temporal properties from GBM data requires detailed knowledge of the detectors' response to both direct radiation as well as that scattered from the spacecraft and Earth's atmosphere. This full GBM instrument response will be captured in the form of a response function database that is derived from computer modeling and simulation. The simulation system is based on the GEANT4 Monte Carlo radiation transport simulation toolset.
C1 [Hoover, A. S.; Kippen, R. M.; Wallace, M. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA.
[Pendleton, G. N.] Dynet Inc, Huntsville, AL USA.
[Fishman, G. J.; Meegan, C. A.; Kouveliotou, C.] NASA, Natl Space Sci Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA.
[Bissaldi, E.; Diehl, R.; Greiner, J.; Lichti, G. G.; von Kienlin, A.; Steinle, H.] Max Planck Inst Extraterrestrisce Phys, Garching, Germany.
[Bhat, P. N.; Briggs, M. S.; Connaughton, V.; Paciesas, W. S.; Preece, R. D.] Univ Alabama Huntsville, Natl Space Sci Technol, Huntsville, AL USA.
RP Hoover, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA.
EM ahoover@lanl.gov; FISHMAN@MSFC.NASA.GOV; Chip.meegan@nasa.gov;
Chryssa.Kouveliotou@nasa.gov; jcg@mpe.mpg.de; azk@mpe.mpg.de;
Michael.Briggs@nasa.gov; valerie@nasa.gov; Rob.Preece@nasa.gov
RI Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016;
OI Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Preece,
Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335
NR 5
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 565
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400125
ER
PT S
AU Meegan, C
Bhat, N
Bissaldi, E
Briggs, M
Connaughton, V
Diehl, R
Fishman, G
Greiner, J
von Kienlin, A
Kippen, RM
Kouveliotou, C
Lichti, G
Paciesas, W
Preece, R
Stelnle, H
Wilson-Hodge, C
AF Meegan, Charles
Bhat, Narayana
Bissaldi, Elisabetta
Briggs, Michael
Connaughton, Valerie
Diehl, Roland
Fishman, Gerald
Greiner, Jochen
von Kienlin, Andreas
Kippen, R. Marc
Kouveliotou, Chryssa
Lichti, Giselher
Paciesas, William
Preece, Robert
Stelnle, Helmut
Wilson-Hodge, Colleen
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI Expected performance of the GLAST burst monitor
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE gamma-ray bursts; gamma-ray detectors
AB The GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM) will enhance LAT observations of GRBs by extending the spectral coverage from the LAT threshold down to similar to 8 keV, and will provide a trigger for re-orienting the spacecraft to observe delayed emission from selected bursts outside the LAT field of view. GBM consists of twelve NaI scintillation detectors operating in the 8 keV to 1 McV energy range and two BGO scintillation detectors operating in the 150 keV to 30 MeV energy range. Detector resolution, effective area, and angular response have been determined by calibrations. Analyses indicate that the on-board burst threshold will be similar to 0.7 photons cm(-2)s(-1) and the on-board burst localization accuracy will typically be better than 8 degrees.
C1 [Meegan, Charles; Fishman, Gerald; Kouveliotou, Chryssa; Wilson-Hodge, Colleen] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Bhat, Narayana; Briggs, Michael; Connaughton, Valerie; Paciesas, William; Preece, Robert] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[Bissaldi, Elisabetta; Diehl, Roland; Greiner, Jochen; von Kienlin, Andreas; Lichti, Giselher; Stelnle, Helmut] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Garching, Germany.
[Kippen, R. Marc] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA.
RP Meegan, C (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RI Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016;
OI Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Preece,
Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335
FU Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) via the Deutsches
Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) [50 QV 0301]; U.S.Department of
Energy; National Nuclear Security Administration
FX The GBM science team gratefully acknowledges the outstanding engineering
support from our institutions and contractors,particularly
Jena-Optronik, Astrium,and South-west Research Institute.Support for the
German contribution was provided by the Bundesministerium fur Bildung
und Forschung (BMBF) via the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt
(DLR)under contract number 50 QV 0301.RMK acknowledges the support of
the U.S.Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security
Administration.The successful development of GBM is inlarge part due to
the skill and dedication of our Lead Systems Engineer during the
development phase,Mr.Fred Berry(1955-2006).
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 573
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400127
ER
PT S
AU Falcone, AD
Williams, DA
Baring, MG
Blandford, R
Connaughton, V
Coppi, P
Dermer, C
Dingus, B
Fryer, C
Gehrels, N
Granot, J
Horan, D
Katz, JI
Kuehn, K
Meszaros, P
Norris, J
Parkinson, PS
Pe'er, A
Ramirez-Ruiz, E
Razzaque, S
Wang, X
Zhang, B
AF Falcone, A. D.
Williams, D. A.
Baring, M. G.
Blandford, R.
Connaughton, V.
Coppi, P.
Dermer, C.
Dingus, B.
Fryer, C.
Gehrels, N.
Granot, J.
Horan, D.
Katz, J. I.
Kuehn, K.
Meszaros, P.
Norris, J.
Parkinson, P. Saz
Pe'er, A.
Ramirez-Ruiz, E.
Razzaque, S.
Wang, X.
Zhang, B.
BE Galassi, M
Palmer, D
Fenimore, E
TI The gamma ray burst section of the white paper on the status and future
of very high energy gamma ray astronomy: A brief preliminary report
SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts
CY NOV 05-09, 2007
CL Santa Fe, NM
SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc
DE GRBs; VBE gamma-rays
ID GRB 970417A; 1ST SURVEY; FLARES; SWIFT; AFTERGLOWS; EMISSION; TEV
AB This is a short report on the preliminary findings of the gamma ray burst (GRB) working group for the white paper on the status and future of very high energy (VBE; >50 GeV) gamma-ray astronomy. The white paper discusses the status of past and current attempts to observe GRBs at GeV-TeV energies, including a handful of low-significance, possible detections. The white paper concentrates on the potential of future ground-based gamma-ray experiments to observe the highest energy emission ever recorded for GRBs, particularly for those that are nearby and have high Lorentz factors in the GRB jet. It is clear that the detection of VBE emission would have strong implications for GRB models, as well as cosmic ray origin. In particular, the extended emission phase (including both afterglow emission and possible flaring) of nearby long GRBs could provide the best possibility for detection. The difficult-to-obtain observations during the prompt phase of nearby long GRBs and short GRBs could also provide particularly strong constraints on the opacity and bulk Lorentz factors surrounding the acceleration site. The synergy with upcoming and existing observatories will, of course, be critical for both identification of GRBs and for multiwavelength/multi messenger studies.
C1 [Falcone, A. D.; Meszaros, P.; Wang, X.] Penn State Univ, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Williams, D. A.; Parkinson, P. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Space Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA.
[Blandford, R.; Granot, J.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA.
[Connaughton, V.] Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
[Coppi, P.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
[Dermer, C.; Razzaque, S.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Dingus, B.; Fryer, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Horan, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Katz, J. I.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Kuehn, K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Norris, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Pe'er, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Ramirez-Ruiz, E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Zhang, B.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
RP Falcone, AD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012;
OI Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0533-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2008
VL 1000
BP 611
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA BHT72
UT WOS:000256301400136
ER
PT B
AU Hornby, GS
AF Hornby, Gregory S.
BE Riolo, R
Soule, T
Worzel, B
TI Improving the scalability of generative representations for open-ended
design
SO GENETIC PROGRAMMING THEORY AND PRACTICE V
SE Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th Workshop on Genetic Programming, Theory and Practice
CY MAY 17-19, 2007
CL Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
SP Univ Michigan, Ctr Study Complex Syst
HO Univ Michigan
DE evolutionary design; scalability; representations; complexity
ID INDUCTIVE INFERENCE; FORMAL THEORY; COMPLEXITY; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMS
AB With the recent examples of the human-competitiveness of evolutionary design systems, it is not of interest to scale them up to produce more sophisticated designs. Here we argue that for computer-automated design systems to scale to producing more sophisticated results they must be able to produce designs with greater structure and organization. By "structure and organization" we mean the characteristics of modularity, reuse and hierarchy (MR&H), characteristics that are found both in man-made and natural designs. We claim that these characteristics are enabled by implementing the attributes of combination, control-flow and abstraction in the representation, and define metrics for measuring MR&H and define two measures of overall structure and organization by combining the measures of MR&H. To demonstrate the merit of our complexity measures, we use an evolutionary algorithm to evolve solutions to different sizes for a table design problem, and compare the structure and organization scores of the best tables against existing complexity measures. We find that our measures better correlate with the complexity of good designs than do others, which supports our claim that MR&H are important components of complexity. We also compare evolution using five representations with different combinations of MR&H, and find that the best designs are achieved when all three of these attributes are present. The results of this second set of experiments demonstrate that implementing representations with MR&H can greatly improve search performance.
C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, UC Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Hornby, GS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, UC Santa Cruz, Mail Stop 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
BN 978-0-387-76307-1
J9 GEN EVOL COMP SER
PY 2008
BP 125
EP 142
DI 10.1007/978-0-387-76308-8_8
PG 18
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BHJ34
UT WOS:000253521800008
ER
PT J
AU Li, L
He, H
Zhang, J
Wang, XF
Bai, S
Stolc, V
Tongprasit, W
Young, ND
Yu, O
Deng, XW
AF Li, Lei
He, Hang
Zhang, Juan
Wang, Xiangfeng
Bai, Sulan
Stolc, Viktor
Tongprasit, Waraporn
Young, Nevin D.
Yu, Oliver
Deng, Xing-Wang
TI Transcriptional analysis of highly syntenic regions between Medicago
truncatula and Glycine max using tiling microarrays
SO GENOME BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GENE-EXPRESSION PATTERNS; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; GENOME CONSERVATION;
EVOLUTION; ANNOTATION; DROSOPHILA; RESOLUTION; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES;
REVEALS
AB Background: Legumes are the third largest family of flowing plants and are unique among crop species in their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. As a result of recent genome sequencing efforts, legumes are now one of a few plant families with extensive genomic and transcriptomic data available in multiple species. The unprecedented complexity and impending completeness of these data create opportunities for new approaches to discovery.
Results: We report here a transcriptional analysis in six different organ types of syntenic regions totaled at approximately 1 Mb between the legume plants barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) and soybean (Glycine max) using oligonucleotide tiling microarrays. This analysis detected transcription of over 80% of the predicted genes in both species. We also identified 499 and 660 transcriptionally active regions (TARs) from barrel medic and soybean, respectively, over half of which locate outside of the predicted exons. We used the tiling array data to detect differential gene expression in the six examined organ types and found several genes that are preferentially expressed in the nodule. Further investigation revealed that some collinear genes exhibit different expression patterns between the two species.
Conclusions: These results demonstrated the utility of genome tiling microarray in generating transcriptomic data to complement computational annotation of the newly available legume genome sequences. The tiling microarray data was further used to quantitate gene expression levels in multiple organ types of two related legume species. Further development of this method should provide a new approach to comparative genomics aimed at elucidating genome organization and transcriptional regulation.
C1 [Li, Lei; He, Hang; Wang, Xiangfeng; Deng, Xing-Wang] Yale Univ, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
[He, Hang; Wang, Xiangfeng] Natl Inst Biol Sci, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China.
[He, Hang; Wang, Xiangfeng] Peking Univ, Peking Yale Joint Res Ctr Plant Mol Genet & Agrob, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, Juan; Yu, Oliver] Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA.
[Bai, Sulan] Capital Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China.
[Stolc, Viktor; Tongprasit, Waraporn] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Genome Res Facil, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Young, Nevin D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Deng, XW (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
EM xingwang.deng@yale.edu
RI Wang, Xuemin/M-2853-2013
NR 45
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 8
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T
4LB, ENGLAND
SN 1474-760X
J9 GENOME BIOL
JI Genome Biol.
PY 2008
VL 9
IS 3
AR R57
DI 10.1186/gb-2008-9-3-r57
PG 41
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 283TN
UT WOS:000254659500012
PM 18348734
ER
PT J
AU Borsa, AA
Fricker, HA
Bills, BG
Minster, JB
Carabajal, CC
Quinn, KJ
AF Borsa, Adrian A.
Fricker, Helen A.
Bills, Bruce G.
Minster, Jean-Bernard
Carabajal, Claudia C.
Quinn, Katherine J.
TI Topography of the salar de Uyuni, Bolivia from kinematic GPS
SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE space geodetic surveys; gravity anomalies and Earth structure;
geomorphology; South America
ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; CENTRAL ALTIPLANO; LEVEL
AB The salar de Uyuni in the Bolivian Andes is the largest salt flat on Earth, exhibiting less than 1 m of vertical relief over an area of 9000 km(2). We report on a kinematic Global Positioning System (GPS) survey of a 45-by-54 km area in the eastern salar, conducted in September 2002 to provide ground truth for the Ice Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) mission. GPS post-processing included corrections for long-period GPS noise that significantly improved survey accuracy. We fit corrected GPS trajectories with 2-D Fourier basis functions, from which we created a digital elevation model (DEM) of the surface whose absolute accuracy we estimate to be at least 2.2 cm RMSE. With over two magnitudes better vertical resolution than the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data, this DEM reveals decimetre-level topography that is completely absent in other topographic data sets. Longer wavelengths in the DEM correlate well with mapped gravity, suggesting a connection between broad-scale salar topography and the geoid similar to that seen over the oceans.
C1 [Borsa, Adrian A.; Fricker, Helen A.; Bills, Bruce G.; Minster, Jean-Bernard] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Bills, Bruce G.; Carabajal, Claudia C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Carabajal, Claudia C.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA.
[Quinn, Katherine J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Borsa, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM aborsa@ucsd.edu
RI Bills, Bruce/C-1156-2008;
OI Minster, Jean Bernard/0000-0003-1268-5177
NR 23
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 13
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0956-540X
J9 GEOPHYS J INT
JI Geophys. J. Int.
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 172
IS 1
BP 31
EP 40
DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03604.x
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 241QB
UT WOS:000251669800003
ER
PT J
AU Seo, KW
Wilson, CR
Chen, JL
Waliser, DE
AF Seo, Ki-Weon
Wilson, Clark R.
Chen, Jianli
Waliser, Duane E.
TI GRACE's spatial aliasing error
SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE satellite geodesy; time variable gravity
ID GRAVITY-FIELD; GRAVIMETRY; TIDES; MODEL
AB The GRACE satellite mission provides a near-continuous sequence of approximately 30-d gravity field solutions in the form of spherical harmonics (SH). Because SH functions are global while GRACE measurements are sensitive mainly to variations along the ground-track, undersampling (alias contamination) occurs. Here we investigate how geophysical signals are likely to cause alias error in GRACE gravity fields. We use actual GRACE orbits and systematically sample several types of time-varying signals that might represent either errors in geophysical models such as tide models, or unmodelled geophysical signals. We show how error in semi-diurnal tides like S-2 can alias into long period variations in particular harmonics, particularly as a possible error source in the degree 2, order 0 term (C-20) of GRACE fields. We also show that aliasing associated with non-tidal geophysical model errors is significant at order 15 or multiples of 15, due to the GRACE ground track spacing in longitude. This can be predicted from Kaula's resonance formula and might be reduced by suppressing amplitudes of affected harmonics.
C1 [Wilson, Clark R.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Chen, Jianli] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Space Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Seo, Ki-Weon; Waliser, Duane E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Seo, KW (reprint author), KOPRI, Inchon, South Korea.
EM seo.kiweon@kopri.re.kr
NR 22
TC 28
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 3
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0956-540X
J9 GEOPHYS J INT
JI Geophys. J. Int.
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 172
IS 1
BP 41
EP 48
DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03611.x
PG 8
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 241QB
UT WOS:000251669800004
ER
PT J
AU Plesea, L
AF Plesea, Lucian
BE Sample, JT
Shaw, K
Tu, S
Abdelguerfi, M
TI The Design, Implementation and Operation of the JPL On Earth WMS Server
SO GEOSPATIAL SERVICES AND APPLICATIONS FOR THE INTERNET
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
AB The JPL On Earth WMS server is a high performance WMS server offering public access to very large NASA earth imagery datasets, many of which have been created in conjunction with the server itself. This chapter provides description of the server implementation design and details of various components is provided, along with examples of how the components interact in actual use. The On Earth server, in continuous service since mid 2000, has encouraged the development of a large number of client applications and has been an example of the benefits of interoperable GIS Web services.
As opposed to most WMS implementations, the On Earth server only handles raster data, having no support for vector or point data. It is however a feature rich, scalable and fast implementation for WMS access to raster data, including support for OGC Styled Layer Descriptor (SLD). Most of the server performance is the result of the image processing pipeline implementation, which can use multiple CPUs while processing a single request, operates in memory and does not use any external temporary files. In addition to the main server binary, a tiled WMS and KML super-overlay is implemented as an apache module, offering a major boost in speed and availability to applications that can use pre-generated tiles. This component was proven capable of sustaining load exceeding two hundred WMS requests per second without overloading, while reducing the response time from a second or more to a few milliseconds. The WMS server also supports the concept of virtual image dataset, in which slave servers running on remote computers can be used instead of a local image dataset.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Plesea, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
BN 978-0-387-74673-9
PY 2008
BP 95
EP 111
D2 10.1007/978-0-387-74674-6
PG 17
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BDE28
UT WOS:000312936200006
ER
PT S
AU Rahman, MS
Bouidel, O
Atiquzzaman, M
Ivancic, W
AF Rahman, Md Sazzadur
Bouidel, Outman
Atiquzzaman, Mohammed
Ivancic, William
GP IEEE
TI Performance Comparison between NEMO BSP and SINEMO
SO GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE
SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 08)
CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2008
CL New Orleans, LA
SP IEEE
DE Network Mobility; Mobility Management; Multihoming; Performance
Evaluation
ID NETWORK MOBILITY
AB IETF has proposed Mobile IPv6-based Network Mobility (NEMO) basic support protocol (BSP) to support network mobility. NEMO BSP inherits all the drawbacks of Mobile IPv6, such as inefficient routing path, single point of failure, high handover latency and high packet overhead. To address these drawbacks, a new network mobility scheme, called Seamless IP-diversity based Network Mobility (SINEMO), has been proposed. The goal of this paper is to validate with experimental data that SINEMO performs better than NEMO BSP. We show that SINEMO can improve the performance of IP based mobile networks.
C1 [Rahman, Md Sazzadur; Bouidel, Outman; Atiquzzaman, Mohammed] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Ivancic, William] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Rahman, MS (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
EM sazzad@ou.edu; bouidel@ou.edu; atiq@ou.edu; wivancic@grc.nasa.gov
FU NASA [NNX06AE44G]
FX The research reported in this paper was funded by NASA Grant NNX06AE44G.
NR 8
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1930-529X
BN 978-1-4244-2324-8
J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF
PY 2008
DI 10.1109/GLOCOM.2008.ECP.461
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA BTS44
UT WOS:000287978002093
ER
PT B
AU Denney, E
Fischer, B
AF Denney, Ewen
Fischer, Bernd
GP ACM
TI Generating Customized Verifiers for Automatically Generated Code
SO GPCE'08: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM SIGPLAN SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON GENERATIVE PROGRAMMING AND COMPONENT ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Conference on Generative Programming and Component
Engineering
CY OCT 19-23, 2008
CL Nashville, TN
SP ACM SIGPLAN
DE automated code generation; program verification; software certification;
Hoare logic; logical annotations; automated theorem proving
ID VERIFICATION; PROGRAMS
AB Program verification using Hoare-style techniques requires many logical annotations. We have previously developed a generic annotation inference algorithm that weaves in all annotations required to certify safety properties for automatically generated code. It uses patterns to capture generator- and property-specific code idioms and property-specific meta-program fragments to construct the annotations. The algorithm is customized by specifying the code patterns and integrating them with the meta-program fragments for annotation construction. However, this is difficult since it involves tedious and error-prone low-level term manipulations.
Here, we describe an approach that automates this customization task using generative techniques. It uses a small annotation schema compiler that takes a collection of high-level declarative annotation schemas tailored towards a specific code generator and safety property, and generates all customized analysis functions and glue code required for interfacing with the generic algorithm core, thus effectively creating a customized annotation inference algorithm. The compiler raises the level of abstraction and simplifies schema development and maintenance. It also takes care of some more routine aspects of formulating patterns and schemas, in particular handling of irrelevant program fragments and irrelevant variance in the program structure, which reduces the size, complexity, and number of different patterns and annotation schemas required. The improvements described here make it easier and faster to customize the system to a new safety property or a new generator, and we demonstrate this by customizing it to certify frame safety of space flight navigation code that was automatically generated from Simulink models by MathWorks' Real-Time Workshop.
C1 [Denney, Ewen] NASA, Adv Comp Sci Res Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Denney, E (reprint author), NASA, Adv Comp Sci Res Inst, Ames Res Ctr, M-S 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Ewen.W.Denney@nasa.gov; B.Fischer@ecs.soton.ac.uk
NR 25
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 2
PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY
PI NEW YORK
PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA
BN 978-1-60558-267-2
PY 2008
BP 77
EP 87
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Software Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA BKA34
UT WOS:000267584600008
ER
PT S
AU Voellmer, GM
Bennett, C
Chuss, DT
Eimer, J
Hui, H
Moseley, SH
Novak, G
Wollack, EJ
Zeng, L
AF Voellmer, G. M.
Bennett, C.
Chuss, D. T.
Eimer, J.
Hui, H.
Moseley, S. H.
Novak, G.
Wollack, E. J.
Zeng, L.
BE McLean, IS
Casali, MM
TI A Large, Free-Standing Wire Grid for Microwave Variable-delay
Polarization Modulation - art. no. 70142A
SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY II, PTS 1-4
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II
CY JUN 23-28, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE Polarization; Polarizing Grids; Cosmic Microwave Background
AB One technique for mapping the polarization signature of the cosmic microwave background uses large, polarizing grids in reflection. We present the system requirements, the fabrication, assembly, and alignment procedures, and the test results for the polarizing grid component of a 50 cm clear aperture, Variable-delay Polarization Modulator (VPM). This grid is being built and tested at the Goddard Space Flight Center as part of the Polarimeter for Observing Inflationary Cosmology at the Reionization Epoch (POINCARE).
For the demonstration instrument, 64 mu m diameter tungsten wires are being assembled into a 200 mu m pitch, free-standing wire grid with a 50 cm clear aperture, and an expected overall flatness better than 30 mu m. A rectangular, aluminum stretching frame holds the wires with sufficient tension to achieve a minimum resonant frequency of 185 Hz, allowing VPM mirror translation frequencies of several Hz. A lightly loaded, flattening ring with a 50 cm inside diameter rests against the wires and brings them into accurate planarity.
C1 [Voellmer, G. M.; Chuss, D. T.; Moseley, S. H.; Wollack, E. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Voellmer, GM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Chuss, David/D-8281-2012; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012
OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451
NR 7
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7224-3
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7014
BP A142
EP A142
DI 10.1117/12.787979
PN 1-4
PG 12
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics,
Applied
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics
GA BII89
UT WOS:000259917700076
ER
PT S
AU Rinehart, S
Benford, D
Dwek, E
Henry, R
Nuth, J
Silverberg, R
Wollack, E
AF Rinehart, S.
Benford, D.
Dwek, E.
Henry, R.
Nuth, J.
Silverberg, R.
Wollack, E.
BE McLean, IS
Casali, MM
TI Optical Properties of Astronomical Silicates - art. no. 70142G
SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY II, PTS 1-4
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II
CY JUN 23-28, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE Laboratory Astrophysics; Dust; Silicates
ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; DUST; CONDENSATION; TRANSMISSION; CONSTRAINTS;
EXTINCTION; ABSORPTION; OLIVINE; ANALOGS; GLASSES
AB Correct interpretation of a vast array of astronomical data relies heavily on understanding the properties of silicate dust as a function of wavelength, temperature, and crystallinity. We introduce the OPASI-T (Optical Properties of Astronomical Silicates with Infrared Techniques) project to address the need for high fidelity optical characterization data on the various forms of astronomical dust. We use two spectrometers to provide extinction data for silicate samples across a wide wavelength range (from the near infrared to the millimeter). New experiments are in development that will provide complementary information on the emissivity of our samples, allowing us to complete the optical characterization of these dust materials. In this paper, we present initial results from several materials including amorphous iron silicate, magnesium silicate and silica smokes, over a wide range of temperatures, and discuss the design and operation of our new experiments.
C1 [Rinehart, S.; Dwek, E.; Henry, R.; Nuth, J.; Silverberg, R.; Wollack, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Rinehart, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Dwek, Eli/C-3995-2012; Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012; Nuth,
Joseph/E-7085-2012; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012
OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206; Wollack,
Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451
NR 27
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7224-3
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7014
BP G142
EP G142
DI 10.1117/12.789712
PN 1-4
PG 11
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics,
Applied
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics
GA BII89
UT WOS:000259917700082
ER
PT S
AU Kutyrev, AS
Arendt, R
Dwek, E
Moseley, SH
Rapchun, D
Silverberg, RF
AF Kutyrev, A. S.
Arendt, R.
Dwek, E.
Moseley, S. H.
Rapchun, D.
Silverberg, R. F.
BE McLean, IS
Casali, MM
TI High efficiency near Infrared Spectrometer for Zodiacal light Spectral
Study - art. no. 70143N
SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY II, PTS 1-4
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II
CY JUN 23-28, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE high resolution spectroscopy; Fabry-Perot; zodiacal light; cosmic
infrared background; extragalactic background light; airglow
ID RADIAL-VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS; OH AIRGLOW; EMISSION; SKY; DETECTIONS;
MOTION; LINES; DUST
AB We are developing a near infrared spectrometer for measuring solar absorption lines in the zodiacal light in the near infrared region. it has been recently demonstrated(1) that observing single Fraunhofer line can be a powerful tool for extracting zodiacal light parameters based on the measurements of the profile of the Mg I line at 5184 A. We are extending this technique to the near infrared with the primary goal of measuring the absolute intensity of the zodiacal light. This measurement will provide the crucial information needed to accurately subtract zodiacal emission from the DIRBE (Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment) diffuse sky measurements to determine the intensity of the extragalactic infrared background. The instrument design is based on a dual Fabry-Perot interferometer with a narrow hand filter. Its double etalon design allows to achieve high spectral contrast to reject the bright out of band atmospheric hydroxyl emission. High spectral contrast is absolutely necessary to achieve detection limits needed to accurately measure the intensity of the absorption line. We present the design, the estimated performance of the instrument,, and the expected results of the observing program.
C1 [Kutyrev, A. S.; Arendt, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, UMd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Kutyrev, AS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, UMd, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Dwek, Eli/C-3995-2012;
OI Arendt, Richard/0000-0001-8403-8548
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7224-3
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7014
BP N143
EP N143
DI 10.1117/12.790184
PN 1-4
PG 9
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics,
Applied
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics
GA BII89
UT WOS:000259917700121
ER
PT S
AU Bonfield, DG
Woodgate, BE
Grady, CA
Hilton, GM
White, LA
McCleary, JE
AF Bonfield, David G.
Woodgate, Bruce E.
Grady, Carol A.
Hilton, George M.
White, Larry A.
McCleary, Jacqueline E.
BE McLean, IS
Casali, MM
TI GFP-IFS: A Coronographic Integral Field Spectrograph for the APO
3.5-meter telescope - art. no. 70146W
SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY II, PTS 1-4
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II
CY JUN 23-28, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE spectrograph; optical; visible; integral field; IFS; lenslet array;
astronomy
AB We present the design and initial laboratory tests of a new integral-field spectroscopy mode to be added to the Goddard Fabry-Perot instrument at Apache Point Observatory. This new IFS mode incorporates a 'TIGER'-style lenslet array, with pre-optics to allow spatial sampling of 0.21 or 0.42 arcseconds.. corresponding to fields-of-view of 7 or 14 arcseconds. For coronography, we insert a mask close to the lenslet array focal plane, blocking a discrete number of the lenslet foci. Three VPH grisms will be available to disperse the spectra, with medium-resolution (R similar to 1000) red (lambda similar to 660nm) and green (lambda similar to 490nm) modes and a high-resolution (R similar to 5000) red mode. We show that it is possible to reduce crosstalk between spectra by at least an order of magnitude by placing a pinhole mask at the focus of the lenslet array, and present data on the throughput of the lenslets and VPH grism.
C1 [Bonfield, David G.; Woodgate, Bruce E.; Grady, Carol A.; Hilton, George M.; White, Larry A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Bonfield, DG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Woodgate, Bruce/D-2970-2012
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7224-3
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7014
BP W146
EP W146
DI 10.1117/12.789558
PN 1-4
PG 11
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics,
Applied
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics
GA BII89
UT WOS:000259917700229
ER
PT S
AU MacDonald, D
Woody, D
Bradford, CM
Chamberlin, R
Dragovan, M
Goldsmith, P
Radford, S
Sebring, T
Zmuidzinas, J
AF MacDonald, Daniel
Woody, David
Bradford, C. Matt
Chamberlin, Richard
Dragovan, Mark
Goldsmith, Paul
Radford, Simon
Sebring, Thomas
Zmuidzinas, Jonas
BE Stepp, LM
Gilmozzi, R
TI Cornell Caltech Atacama Telescope Primary Mirror Surface Sensing and
Controllability
SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES II, PTS 1-3
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II
CY JUN 23-28, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE CCAT; large telescopes; segmented mirrors; mirror alignment; telescope
control
AB To meet the 10 mu m RMS half wavefront error requirement for the 25 m diameter Cornell Caltech Atacama Telescope (CCAT), active control of the approximately 200 primary mirror panels is required. The CCAT baseline design includes carbon fiber aluminum honeycomb sandwich mirror panels. Distortions of the panels due to thermal gradients, gravity and the mounting scheme need to be taken into consideration in the control system design. We have modeled the primary mirror surface as both flat and curved surfaces and have investigated mirror controllability with a variety of sensor types and positions.
To study different mirror segmentation schemes and find acceptable sensor configurations, we have created a software package that supports multiple segment shapes and reconfigurable panel sizing and orientation. It includes extensible sensor types and flexible positioning. Inclusion of panel and truss deformations allows modeling the effects of thermal and gravity distortions on mirror controllability.
Flat mirrors and curved mirrors with the correct prescription give similar results for controlled modes, but show significant differences in the unsensed flat mirror modes. Both flat and curved mirror models show that sensing schemes that work well with rigid, thermally stable panels will not control a mirror with deformable panels. Sensors external to the mirror surface such as absolute distance measurement systems or Shack-Hartmann type sensors are required to deal with panel deformations. Using a combination of segment based sensors and external sensors we have created a promising prototype control system for the CCAT telescope.
C1 [MacDonald, Daniel; Bradford, C. Matt; Dragovan, Mark; Goldsmith, Paul; Zmuidzinas, Jonas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP MacDonald, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
OI radford, simon/0000-0001-9113-1660
NR 2
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7222-9
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 7012
AR 701211
DI 10.1117/12.790528
PN 1-3
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BIK73
UT WOS:000260430300036
ER
PT S
AU Shelton, C
Mast, T
Chanan, G
Nelson, J
Roberts, LC
Troy, M
Sirota, MJ
Seo, BJ
MacDonald, DR
AF Shelton, Chris
Mast, Terry
Chanan, Gary
Nelson, Jerry
Roberts, Lewis C., Jr.
Troy, Mitchell
Sirota, Mark J.
Seo, Byoung-Joon
MacDonald, Daniel R.
BE Stepp, LM
Gilmozzi, R
TI Advances in Edge Sensors for the Thirty Meter Telescope Primary Mirror
SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES II, PTS 1-3
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II
CY JUN 23-28, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE Extremely Large Telescopes; edge sensors; segmented mirrors; capacitive
sensor
AB The out-of-plane degrees of freedom (piston, tip, and tilt) of each of the 492 segments in the Thirty Meter Telescope primary mirror will be actively controlled using three actuators per segment and two edge sensors along each inter-segment gap. We address two important topics for this system: edge sensor design, and the correction of fabrication and installation errors.
The primary mirror segments are passively constrained in the three lateral degrees of freedom. We evaluate the segment lateral motions due to the changing gravity vector and temperature, using site temperature and wind data, thermal modeling, and finite-element analysis.
Sensor fabrication and installation errors combined with these lateral motions will induce errors in the sensor readings. We evaluate these errors for a capacitive sensor design as a function of dihedral angle sensitivity. We also describe operational scenarios for using the Alignment and Phasing System to correct the sensor readings for errors associated with fabrication and installation.
C1 [Shelton, Chris; Roberts, Lewis C., Jr.; Troy, Mitchell; Seo, Byoung-Joon; MacDonald, Daniel R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Shelton, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7222-9
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 7012
AR 701210
DI 10.1117/12.790415
PN 1-3
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BIK73
UT WOS:000260430300035
ER
PT S
AU Troy, M
Chanan, G
Michaels, S
Bartos, R
Bothwell, G
Give'on, A
Hein, R
Radin, M
Roberts, J
Rodgers, JM
Scherr, LM
Seo, BJ
Zimmerman, D
AF Troy, Mitchell
Chanan, Gary
Michaels, Scott
Bartos, Randy
Bothwell, Graham
Give'on, Amir
Hein, Randy
Radin, Max
Roberts, Jenny
Rodgers, J. Michael
Scherr, Lawrence M.
Seo, Byoung-Joon
Zimmerman, David
BE Stepp, LM
Gilmozzi, R
TI A Conceptual Design for the Thirty Meter Telescope Alignment and Phasing
System
SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES II, PTS 1-3
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II
CY JUN 23-28, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE Telescopes; Segmented Mirrors; Optical Alignment; Phasing
ID MIRROR SEGMENTS; KECK TELESCOPES; ALGORITHM
AB The primary, secondary and tertiary mirrors of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), taken together, have approximately 12,000 degrees of freedom in optical alignment. The Alignment and Phasing System (APS) will use starlight and a variety of Shack-Hartmann based measurement techniques to position the segment pistons, tips, and tilts, segment figures, secondary rigid body motion, secondary figure and the tertiary figure to correctly align the TMT. We present a conceptual design of the APS including the requirements, alignment modes, predicted performance, software architecture, and an optical design.
C1 [Troy, Mitchell; Bartos, Randy; Bothwell, Graham; Give'on, Amir; Hein, Randy; Roberts, Jenny; Scherr, Lawrence M.; Seo, Byoung-Joon] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Troy, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RI Radin, Maxwell/J-6636-2013
OI Radin, Maxwell/0000-0002-8989-8114
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7222-9
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 7012
AR 70120Y
DI 10.1117/12.788560
PN 1-3
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BIK73
UT WOS:000260430300033
ER
PT S
AU Rasmussen, RD
AF Rasmussen, Robert D.
BE Drews, ME
Culp, RD
TI GN&C FAULT PROTECTION FUNDAMENTALS
SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2008
SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on Graphics Recognition
CY SEP 20-21, 2007
CL Curitiba, BRAZIL
AB Addressing fault tolerance for spacecraft Guidance, Navigation, and Control has never been easy. Even under normal conditions, these systems confront a remarkable blend of complex issues across many disciplines, with primary implications for most essential system functions. Moreover, GN&C must deal with the peculiarities of spacecraft configurations, disturbances, environment, and other physical mission-unique constraints that are seldom under its full control, all while promising consistently high performance.
Adding faults in all their insidious variety to this already intricate mix creates a truly daunting challenge. Appropriate tactical recovery must be ensured without compromise to mission or spacecraft integrity, even during energetic activities or under imminent critical deadlines. If that were not enough, the consequences of a seemingly prudent move can have profoundly negative long-term consequences, if chosen unwisely, so there is often a major strategic component to GN&C fault tolerance, as well. Therefore, it is not surprising that fault protection for GN&C has an enduring reputation as one of the more complex and troublesome aspects of spacecraft design - one that will only be compounded by the escalating ambitions of impending space missions.
Despite these difficulties, experience has suggested methods of attack that promise good results when followed consistently and implemented rigorously. Upon close scrutiny, it is strikingly clear that these methods have roots in the same fundamental concepts and principles that have successfully guided normal GN&C development. Yet it is disappointing to note that the actual manifestation of these ideas in deployed systems is rarely transparent. The cost of this obfuscation has been unwarranted growth in complexity, poorly understood behavior, incomplete coverage, brittle design, and loss of confidence.
The objective of this paper is to shed some light on the fundamentals of fault tolerant design for GN&C. The common heritage of ideas behind both faulted and normal operation is explored, as is the increasingly indistinct line between these realms in complex missions. Techniques in common practice are then evaluated in this light to suggest a better direction for future efforts.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Rasmussen, RD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-545-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 131
BP 109
EP 128
PG 20
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM13
UT WOS:000260670800008
ER
PT S
AU Skulsky, ED
Shaffer, S
Bailey, E
Chen, C
Cichy, B
Shafter, D
AF Skulsky, Eli David
Shaffer, Scott
Bailey, Erik
Chen, Curtis
Cichy, Ben
Shafter, David
BE Drews, ME
Culp, RD
TI UNDER THE RADAR: TRIALS AND TRIBULATIONS OF LANDING ON MARS
SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2008
SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on Graphics Recognition
CY SEP 20-21, 2007
CL Curitiba, BRAZIL
AB The Phoenix Mars Scout mission incorporates a radar altimeter/velocimeter which provides surface-relative range and velocity during the terminal descent stage of Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL). The radar was not designed to be used as a landing radar for a Mars mission and, in fact, was adapted from an altimeter used in fighter aircraft. To ensure that this critical component of the landing system operates properly during terminal descent and meets the performance requirements of the landing system, a comprehensive test campaign was initiated. The test campaign included numerous helicopter drop tests, sophisticated radar target stimulator tests, and a detailed software simulation of the radar and landing system. Several surprising and important radar/flight system interaction issues were revealed during the test campaign, a number of which would have been catastrophic had they occurred during EDL. In this paper we provide a brief overview of the Phoenix mission, a description of the landing system and the radar, and a detailed discussion of the test campaign, problems revealed during testing, and how these issues were addressed via EDL sequence, radar, or lander flight system modifications.
C1 [Skulsky, Eli David; Shaffer, Scott; Bailey, Erik; Chen, Curtis; Cichy, Ben] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Skulsky, ED (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-545-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 131
BP 129
EP 147
PG 19
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM13
UT WOS:000260670800009
ER
PT S
AU Andrews, SF
Houghton, M
Saylor, R
AF Andrews, Stephen F.
Houghton, Martin
Saylor, Rick
BE Drews, ME
Culp, RD
TI BUILDING FAULT TOLERANCE INTO NASA'S LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER
SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2008
SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on Graphics Recognition
CY SEP 20-21, 2007
CL Curitiba, BRAZIL
AB The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is NASA's first step in returning humans to the moon. LRO will launch in late 2008 on an Atlas V into a direct insertion trajectory to the moon. The on-board propulsion system will be used to capture at the moon, insert into and maintain a 50 km mean altitude circular polar reconnaissance orbit. The orbiter is a 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointed spacecraft designed to operate continuously during the primary mission length of one year. To reduce complexity and to help meet an aggressive schedule, LRO is a single string spacecraft, with selected redundancy incorporated for some flight elements. This paper will describe the safing design of LRO, including philosophy, implementation, and verification approach.
C1 [Andrews, Stephen F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Andrews, SF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 599, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-545-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 131
BP 175
EP 189
PG 15
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM13
UT WOS:000260670800012
ER
PT S
AU Starin, SR
Vess, MF
Kenney, TM
Maldonado, MD
Morgenstern, WM
AF Starin, Scott R.
Vess, Melissa F.
Kenney, Thomas M.
Maldonado, Manuel D.
Morgenstern, Wendy M.
BE Drews, ME
Culp, RD
TI FAULT DETECTION AND CORRECTION FOR THE SOLAR DYNAMICS OBSERVATORY
ATTITUDE CONTROL SYSTEM
SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2008
SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on Graphics Recognition
CY SEP 20-21, 2007
CL Curitiba, BRAZIL
AB The Solar Dynamics Observatory is an Explorer-class mission that will launch in December, 2008. The spacecraft will operate in a geosynchronous orbit, sending data 24 hours a day to a devoted ground station in White Sands, New Mexico. It will carry a suite of instruments designed to observe the Sun in multiple wavelengths at unprecedented resolution. The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly includes four telescopes with focal plane CCDs that can image the full solar disk in four different visible wavelengths. The Extreme-ultraviolet Variability Experiment will collect time-correlated data on the activity of the Sun's corona. The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager will enable study of pressure waves moving through the body of the Sun.
The attitude control system on Solar Dynamics Observatory is responsible for four main phases of activity. The physical safety of the spacecraft after separation must be guaranteed. Fine attitude determination and control must be sufficient for instrument calibration maneuvers. The mission science mode requires 2-arcsecond control according to error signals provided by guide telescopes on the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly, one of the three instruments to be carried. Lastly, accurate execution of linear and angular momentum changes to the spacecraft must be provided for momentum management and orbit maintenance.
In this paper, single-fault tolerant fault detection and correction of the Solar Dynamics Observatory attitude control system is described. The attitude control hardware suite for the mission is catalogued, with special attention to redundancy at the hardware level. Four reaction wheels are used where any three are satisfactory. Four pairs of redundant thrusters are employed for orbit change maneuvers and momentum management. Three two-axis gyroscopes provide full redundancy for rate sensing. A digital Sun sensor and two autonomous star trackers provide two-out-of-three redundancy for fine attitude determination. The use of software to maximize chances of recovery from any hardware or software fault is detailed. A generic fault detection and correction software structure is used, allowing additions, deletions, and adjustments to fault detection and correction rules. This software structure is fed by in-line fault tests that are also able to take appropriate actions to avoid corruption of the data stream.
C1 [Starin, Scott R.; Vess, Melissa F.; Kenney, Thomas M.; Maldonado, Manuel D.; Morgenstern, Wendy M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Starin, SR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-545-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 131
BP 191
EP 207
PG 17
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM13
UT WOS:000260670800013
ER
PT S
AU Wood, LJ
AF Wood, Lincoln J.
BE Drews, ME
Culp, RD
TI THE EVOLUTION OF DEEP SPACE NAVIGATION: 1962-1989
SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2008
SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on Graphics Recognition
CY SEP 20-21, 2007
CL Curitiba, BRAZIL
ID ORBIT DETERMINATION; MANEUVER DESIGN; MISSION; MARINER-9; TRACKING;
JUPITER
AB The exploration of the planets of the solar system using robotic vehicles began in the early 1960s. Over the years that followed, planetary mission objectives became increasingly sophisticated, as the early single-planet flybys gave way to planetary orbiters, multi-planet flybys, and atmospheric entry and landing missions. During this time the navigational capabilities employed in these missions increased greatly in accuracy, as required by the scientific objectives of the missions and as enabled by improvements in technology. This paper describes how deep space navigational techniques evolved from the early 1960s through the late 1980s, focusing on both the observational data that were processed to obtain navigational information and the computational techniques that were employed. Radio metric data derived from the spacecraft-to-ground communication link were used throughout this time to yield information about spacecraft position and velocity and other parameters of interest. In order of development and incorporation into use, radio metric data types included Doppler, ranging, and very long baseline interferometric data. The transmission frequencies evolved from L-band, to S-band, to X-band, with substantial reductions in error levels along the way. Optical data, derived from on-board imaging systems, were tested and put into operational use during the 1970s and 1980s, enabling substantial improvements in target-relative navigational accuracies. Computing capabilities and techniques improved substantially during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, allowing problems of greater sophistication to be addressed.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance Nav & Control Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Wood, LJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance Nav & Control Sect, Mail Stop 301-150,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 64
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-545-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 131
BP 285
EP 308
PG 24
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM13
UT WOS:000260670800020
ER
PT S
AU Border, JS
Lanyi, GE
Shin, DK
AF Border, James S.
Lanyi, Gabor E.
Shin, Dong K.
BE Drews, ME
Culp, RD
TI RADIOMETRIC TRACKING FOR DEEP SPACE NAVIGATION
SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2008
SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on Graphics Recognition
CY SEP 20-21, 2007
CL Curitiba, BRAZIL
ID SOLAR-WIND; NETWORK
AB Metric information derived from radio communication links between Earth and spacecraft are used for navigation of interplanetary probes. This paper summarizes radiometric techniques and their error budgets. Measurements of the shift between transmitted and received frequency determine the line-of-sight velocity of the probe. In addition, measurements of the elapsed time between transmission of a pulse and its reception determine line-of-sight distance. Finally, measurements of the difference in arrival time of a spacecraft signal between two stations determine the angular spacecraft position. The Deep Space Network (DSN), with three tracking complexes spaced around the globe, provides communication links with all NASA interplanetary probes. Radiometric measurements as implemented in the DSN are described. Reference frame definition, tracking station coordinates, calibrations for the orientation of Earth, and calibrations for transmission media delays are also described. Error budgets are presented for all three data types that show the contributions of the various factors. Typical accuracies for DSN metric observables are 0.06 mm/sec for line-of-sight velocity, 75 cm for line-of-sight distance, and 2.5 nrad for angular position. Tracking measurement results from several recent missions are shown and compared to the error budgets. Limiting error sources are identified. In order to support navigation of more challenging missions planned for the future, possible improvements in radiometric tracking techniques are considered.
C1 [Border, James S.; Lanyi, Gabor E.; Shin, Dong K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Tracking Syst & Applicat Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Border, JS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Tracking Syst & Applicat Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-545-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 131
BP 309
EP 328
PG 20
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM13
UT WOS:000260670800021
ER
PT S
AU Owen, WM
Duxbury, TC
Acton, CH
Synnott, SP
Riedel, JE
Bhaskaran, S
AF Owen, W. M., Jr.
Duxbury, T. C.
Acton, C. H., Jr.
Synnott, S. P.
Riedel, J. E.
Bhaskaran, S.
BE Drews, ME
Culp, RD
TI A BRIEF HISTORY OF OPTICAL NAVIGATION AT JPL
SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2008
SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on Graphics Recognition
CY SEP 20-21, 2007
CL Curitiba, BRAZIL
ID DISCOVERY; SATELLITE
AB Optical navigation-the use of onboard imaging to aid in the determination of the spacecraft trajectory and of the targets' ephemerides-got its start at JPL as an experiment on the Mariner 6 and 7 mission to Mars in 1969. The justification for opnav was to ensure quality navigation results at the outer planets: as radio tracking data are geocentric, a radio-only orbit determination solution will tend to become less accurate with increasing distance from the earth.
Opnav was used operationally for both Viking orbiters at Mars, but it came into its own with the Voyager missions to the outer planets. Pictures of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter, of Titan and the smaller icy satellites of Saturn, of the five classical Uranian satellites, and of Triton, Nereid and Proteus (S/1989 N 1) at Neptune helped immensely to shrink the size of the B-plane error ellipse. Optical navigation engineers were also responsible for several of Voyager's discoveries. The serendipitous discovery of volcanic plumes on lo is best known, but we also found new satellites at all four outer planets and determined their orbits.
Both hardware and software advances have occurred since the 1970s. Vidicon television cameras have given way to CCDs. Ground data processing has moved from mainframes to minicomputers and now to workstations. We once used special frame buffers and monitors for display; now, our workstations bring up pictures inside an X window. The software has progressed from a mixture of Fortran 66 and assembly language to Fortran 77 and C, and some of it is now being rewritten in C++ and Python.
Perhaps the most promising advance in optical navigation technology is the migration from ground processing to onboard processing. Our onboard autonomous navigation system was demonstrated on Deep Space I and used on Stardust. Autonav's greatest success to date was on Deep Impact, where it ran on both the Impactor and Flyby spacecraft and guided the Impactor onto a collision course with the nucleus of comet 9P/Tempel 1 while the Flyby spacecraft was taking pictures of the event.
Opnav figures to play a prominent role in every future JPL mission to a small body. Whether the processing is done on the ground or onboard, whether the imager is our group's own Opnav Camera (first own on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter) or a science instrument, optical navigation data will continue to enable the kind of precision navigation which is required for mission success.
C1 [Owen, W. M., Jr.; Duxbury, T. C.; Acton, C. H., Jr.; Synnott, S. P.; Riedel, J. E.; Bhaskaran, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Owen, WM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 31
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-545-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 131
BP 329
EP 348
PG 20
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM13
UT WOS:000260670800022
ER
PT S
AU Crain, T
Begley, M
Jackson, M
Broome, J
AF Crain, Timothy
Begley, Michael
Jackson, Mark
Broome, Joey
BE Drews, ME
Culp, RD
TI GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN IN A MASS REDUCTION
EXERCISE
SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2008
SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on Graphics Recognition
CY SEP 20-21, 2007
CL Curitiba, BRAZIL
AB Early Orion GN&C system designs optimized for robustness, simplicity, and utilization of commercially available components. During the System Definition Review (SDR), all subsystems on Orion were asked to re-optimize with component mass and steady state power as primary design metrics. The objective was to create a mass reserve in the Orion point of departure vehicle design prior to beginning the PDR analysis cycle. The Orion GN&C subsystem team transitioned from a philosophy of absolute 2 fault tolerance for crew safety and 1 fault tolerance for mission success to an approach of I fault tolerance for crew safety and risk based redundancy to meet probability allocations of loss of mission and loss of crew. This paper will discuss the analyses, rationale, and end results of this activity regarding Orion navigation sensor hardware, control effectors, and trajectory design.
C1 [Crain, Timothy; Broome, Joey] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Crain, T (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-545-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 131
BP 407
EP 424
PG 18
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM13
UT WOS:000260670800027
ER
PT S
AU Sostaric, RR
Merriam, RS
AF Sostaric, Ronald R.
Merriam, Robert S.
BE Drews, ME
Culp, RD
TI LUNAR ASCENT AND RENDEZVOUS TRAJECTORY DESIGN
SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2008
SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on Graphics Recognition
CY SEP 20-21, 2007
CL Curitiba, BRAZIL
AB The Lunar Lander Ascent Module will leave the lunar surface and actively rendezvous in lunar orbit with the Crew Exploration Vehicle. For initial Lunar Lander Ascent Module vehicle sizing efforts, a nominal trajectory, along with required delta-V and a few key sensitivities, is very useful. A nominal lunar ascent and rendezvous trajectory is shown, along with rationale and discussion of the trajectory shaping. Also included are ascent delta-V sensitivities to changes in target orbit and design thrust-to-weight of the vehicle. A sample launch window for a particular launch site has been completed and is included. The launch window shows that budgeting enough delta-V for two missed launch opportunities may be reasonable. A comparison between yaw steering and on-orbit plane change maneuvers is included. The comparison shows that for large plane changes, which are potentially necessary for an anytime return from mid-latitude locations, an on-orbit maneuver is much more efficient than ascent yaw steering. For a planned return, small amounts of yaw steering may be necessary during ascent and must be accounted for in the ascent delta-V budget. The delta-V cost of ascent yaw steering is shown, along with sensitivity to launch site latitude.
C1 [Sostaric, Ronald R.; Merriam, Robert S.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Sostaric, RR (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-545-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 131
BP 491
EP 509
PG 19
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM13
UT WOS:000260670800032
ER
PT S
AU Gay, RS
Bihari, BD
AF Gay, Robert S.
Bihari, Brian D.
BE Drews, ME
Culp, RD
TI CHALLENGES OF ROLL ORIENTATION WITH RESPECT TO VEHICLE HEADING AT
TOUCHDOWN FOR THE ORION COMMAND MODULE
SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2008
SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on Graphics Recognition
CY SEP 20-21, 2007
CL Curitiba, BRAZIL
AB Due to mass constraints, the Orion Command Module landing attention system requires that the capsule be oriented in a specific direction with respect to the horizontal surface-relative velocity (Heading) at touchdown in order to keep crew and vehicle loads within specifications. These constraints apply to both land and water landings. In fact, water landings are even more constrained with the addition of impact angle requirements necessary to slice through the water. There are two primary challenges with achieving this touchdown orientation: 1, Navigation knowledge of velocity (needed to determine Heading) with and without GPS, including the effects of the Heading angle itself becoming undefined as horizontal velocity decreases, and 2. Controlling to the desired orientation in the presence of chute torque and wind gusts that may change the Heading just prior to touchdown. This paper will discuss the design and performance of the current Orion navigation and control system used to achieve the desired orientation at touchdown.
C1 [Gay, Robert S.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Gay, RS (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-545-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 131
BP 529
EP 550
PG 22
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM13
UT WOS:000260670800034
ER
PT S
AU Smith, BA
AF Smith, Brett A.
BE Drews, ME
Culp, RD
TI THREE YEAR ORBITAL TRIM MANEUVER PERFORMANCE OF THE CASSINI SPACECRAFT
ATTITUDE CONTROL SUBSYSTEM
SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2008
SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on Graphics Recognition
CY SEP 20-21, 2007
CL Curitiba, BRAZIL
AB Cassini is a sophisticated interplanetary spacecraft providing scientific findings that continue to offer insight into our solar system. After arriving at Saturn on June 30, 2004 it has completed three years of a four year prime mission. To date, Cassini has completed 49 orbits about Saturn and over 40 targeted flybys of Saturn's moons. This has been achieved with a nominal design using three delta-V maneuvers per targeted encounter. Maneuvers are performed using either the bi-propellant main engine (ME) or the mono-propellant reaction control system (RCS). To date, more than 87 Orbital Trim Maneuvers (OTM) have been successfully executed meeting all applicable requirements with margins. This paper summarizes the long-term attitude control performance trends of both types of maneuvers. Operational steps taken by the maneuver team that contributed to the superb performance will also be discussed.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Cassini Spacecraft Operat Off, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Smith, BA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Cassini Spacecraft Operat Off, Mail Stop 230-104,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-545-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 131
BP 587
EP 596
PG 10
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM13
UT WOS:000260670800037
ER
PT S
AU Eberspeaker, PJ
AF Eberspeaker, Philip J.
BE Drews, ME
Culp, RD
TI NASA SOUNDING ROCKET PROGRAM ATTITUDE CONTROL SYSTEMS
SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2008
SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on Graphics Recognition
CY SEP 20-21, 2007
CL Curitiba, BRAZIL
AB The NASA Sounding Rocket Program (NSRP) supports NASA scientific and technology development missions by providing suborbital rocket vehicle, payload subsystems, and launch support. The NSRP is managed by the Sounding Rocket Program Office (SRPO) at Wallops Flight Facility and implemented by the NASA Sounding Rocket Operations Contract (NSROC) contractor. In addition to a host of flight proven subsystems, the program employs a variety of attitude control systems to meet the needs of the user community. These systems use cold gas thrusters coupled with various sensor suites to control payload attitude before and during the data collection phase of the flights. The standard inertial system is capable of providing economical 1-degree pointing accuracy, which can be used for general sensor pointing, has also been used successfully to reorient exoatmospheric upper stages prior to ignition to provide tailored horizontal trajectories. The inertial system has also been outfitted with a GPS receiver to enable velocity vector tracking during exoatmospheric flight. This configuration has been used to orient sensors in the ram direction for particle detection and could be used to orient reentry bodies prior to atmospheric entry. The basic inertial system can also be used to null payload rates to provide a high quality microgravity environment. A low cost magnetic system is available to orient a payload relative to the Earth's magnetic Yield for electric field measurements. This system has also been used to provide low-cost aspect control for Missile Defense Agency target missions. The Sounding Rocket Program's most recent development is the fine pointing celestial system that is based on the NSROC inertial system and a lost-in-space star tracker developed by the University of Wisconsin. The most recent flight achieved highly stable pointing with less than 0.2 arc-sec pointing jitter. This paper will provide system performance details and outline recent and future flight applications.
C1 NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA.
RP Eberspeaker, PJ (reprint author), NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Bldg E-106, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA
SN 1081-6003
BN 978-0-87703-545-9
J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI
PY 2008
VL 131
BP 597
EP 616
PG 20
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIM13
UT WOS:000260670800038
ER
PT J
AU Bailey, SG
Hubbard, S
Raffaelle, RP
AF Bailey, S. G.
Hubbard, Seth
Raffaelle, R. P.
BE Henini, M
TI Nanostructured Solar Cells
SO HANDBOOK OF SELF ASSEMBLED SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSTRUCTURES FOR NOVEL
DEVICES IN PHOTONICS AND ELECTRONICS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID QUANTUM DOTS; EFFICIENCY; DEVICES; WELLS
C1 [Bailey, S. G.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Space Environm & Expt Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Hubbard, Seth; Raffaelle, R. P.] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
RP Bailey, SG (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Space Environm & Expt Branch, MS 302-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
NR 38
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
BN 978-0-08-056047-2
PY 2008
BP 552
EP 564
DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-046325-4.00018-9
PG 13
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics
GA BEJ54
UT WOS:000316934100019
ER
PT S
AU Pasareanu, CS
Visser, W
AF Pasareanu, Corina S.
Visser, Willem
BE Yorav, K
TI Symbolic execution and model checking for testing
SO HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE: VERIFICATION AND TESTING
SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd Interntional Haifa Verification Conference
CY OCT 23-25, 2007
CL Haifa, ISRAEL
C1 [Pasareanu, Corina S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Perot Syst Govt Serv, Moffett Field, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Visser, Willem] SEVEN Networks, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA.
RP Pasareanu, CS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Perot Syst Govt Serv, Moffett Field, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Corina.S.Pasareanu@nasa.gov; willem@gmail.com
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-540-77964-3
J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC
PY 2008
VL 4899
BP 17
EP +
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software
Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BHJ30
UT WOS:000253520300004
ER
PT J
AU Arthur, K
Limpus, C
Balazs, G
Capper, A
Udy, J
Shaw, G
Keuper-Bennett, U
Bennett, P
AF Arthur, Karen
Limpus, Colin
Balazs, George
Capper, Angela
Udy, James
Shaw, Glen
Keuper-Bennett, Ursula
Bennett, Peter
TI The exposure of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) to tumour promoting
compounds produced by the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula and their
potential role in the aetiology of fibropapillomatosis
SO HARMFUL ALGAE
LA English
DT Article
DE green turtle; Lyngbya majuscula; fibropapillomatosis; lyngbyatoxin A;
debromoaplysiatoxin
ID OKADAIC ACID; SEA-TURTLES; MARINE CYANOBACTERIA; SEAWEED DERMATITIS;
HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; INDOLE ALKALOIDS; SOMATIC GROWTH; TOXINS;
DINOFLAGELLATE; HERPESVIRUS
AB Lyngbya majuscula, a benthic filamentous cyanobacterium found throughout tropical and subtropical oceans, has been shown to contain the tumour promoting compounds lyngbyatoxin A (LA) and debromoaplysiatoxin (DAT). It grows epiphytically on seagrass and macroalgae, which also form the basis of the diet of the herbivorous green turtle (Chelonia mydas). This toxic cyanobacterium, has been observed growing in regions where turtles suffer from fibropapillomatosis (FP), a potentially fatal neoplastic disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether green turtles consume L majuscula in Queensland, Australia and the Hawaiian Islands, USA, resulting in potential exposure to tumour promoting compounds produced by this cyanobacterium. L. majuscula was present, though not in bloom, at nine sites examined and LA and DAT were detected in variable concentrations both within and between sites. Although common in green turtle diets, L majuscula was found to contribute less than 2% of total dietary intake, indicating that turtles may be exposed to low concentrations of tumour promoting compounds during non-bloom conditions. Tissue collected from dead green turtles in Moreton Bay tested positive for LA. An estimated dose, based on dietary intake and average toxin concentration at each site, showed a positive correlation for LA with the proportion of the population observed with external FP lesions. No such relationship was observed for DAT. This does not necessarily demonstrate a cause and effect relationship, but does suggest that naturally produced compounds should be considered in the aetiology of marine turtle FP. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved.
C1 [Arthur, Karen; Capper, Angela] Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA.
[Arthur, Karen] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
[Limpus, Colin] Environm Protect Agcy, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia.
[Balazs, George] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Udy, James] Univ Queensland, Ctr Water Studies Environm Engn, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
[Shaw, Glen] Griffith Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Griffith, Qld 4131, Australia.
[Keuper-Bennett, Ursula; Bennett, Peter] Turtle Trax, Mississauga, ON L5M 3A6, Canada.
RP Arthur, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA.
EM arthur@si.edu
RI Arthur, Karen/A-3089-2012; Capper, Angela/B-4403-2012;
OI Capper, Angela/0000-0002-4922-0253
NR 86
TC 28
Z9 31
U1 3
U2 34
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-9883
J9 HARMFUL ALGAE
JI Harmful Algae
PD JAN
PY 2008
VL 7
IS 1
BP 114
EP 125
DI 10.1016/j.hal.2007.06.001
PG 12
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 242EZ
UT WOS:000251708600012
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, YW
Faghri, A
AF Zhang, Yuwen
Faghri, Amir
TI Advances and unsolved issues in pulsating heat pipes
SO HEAT TRANSFER ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
ID NORMAL OPERATING CONDITION; CLOSED-END; FLOW; VISUALIZATION;
CONDENSATION; WATER; PART
AB Pulsating (or oscillating) heat pipes (PHP or OHP) are new two-phase heat transfer devices that rely on the oscillatory flow of liquid slug and vapor plug in a long miniature tube bent into many turns. The unique feature of PHPs, compared with conventional heat pipes, is that there is no wick structure to return the condensate to the heating section; thus, there is no countercurrent flow between the liquid and vapor. Significant experimental and theoretical efforts have been made related to PHPs in the last decade. While experimental studies have focused on either visualizing the flow pattern in PHPs or characterizing the heat transfer capability of PHPs, theoretical examinations attempt to analytically and numerically model the fluid dynamics and/or heat transfer associated with the oscillating two-phase flow. The existing experimental and theoretical research, including important features and parameters, is summarized in tabular form. Progresses in flow visualization, heat transfer characteristics, and theoretical modeling are thoroughly reviewed. Finally, unresolved issues on the mechanism of PHP operation, modeling, and application are discussed.
C1 [Faghri, Amir] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
[Zhang, Yuwen] Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RP Faghri, A (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
EM faghri@engr.uconn.edu
RI Zhang, Yuwen/C-6474-2008
OI Zhang, Yuwen/0000-0001-8915-1769
NR 60
TC 123
Z9 140
U1 10
U2 58
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0145-7632
EI 1521-0537
J9 HEAT TRANSFER ENG
JI Heat Transf. Eng.
PY 2008
VL 29
IS 1
BP 20
EP 44
DI 10.1080/01457630701677114
PG 25
WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics
SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics
GA 252OO
UT WOS:000252456000003
ER
PT J
AU Raghulapadu, JK
Peddieson, J
Buchanan, GR
Nunes, AC
AF Raghulapadu, J. K.
Peddieson, J.
Buchanan, G. R.
Nunes, A. C.
TI A rotating plug model of friction stir welding heat transfer
SO HEAT TRANSFER ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
AB A simplified rotating plug model is employed to study the heat transfer phenomena associated with the friction stir welding process. An approximate analytical solution is obtained based on this idealized model and used both to demonstrate the qualitative influence of process parameters on predictions and estimate temperatures produced in typical friction stir welding situations.
C1 [Raghulapadu, J. K.; Peddieson, J.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA.
[Buchanan, G. R.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA.
[Buchanan, G. R.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA.
[Nunes, A. C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Mat Proc & Mfg Dept, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Raghulapadu, J. K.] Comerfri USA Inc, Hopkinsville, KY USA.
RP Peddieson, J (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA.
EM jpeddieson@tntech.edu
NR 17
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0145-7632
J9 HEAT TRANSFER ENG
JI Heat Transf. Eng.
PY 2008
VL 29
IS 3
BP 321
EP 327
DI 10.1080/01457630701758187
PG 7
WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics
SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics
GA 256HA
UT WOS:000252717500010
ER
PT S
AU Bandler, SR
Adams, JS
Beyer, J
Hsieh, WT
Rotzinger, H
Seidel, GM
Stevenson, T
AF Bandler, Simon R.
Adams, Joseph S.
Beyer, Joern
Hsieh, Wen-Ting
Rotzinger, Hannes
Seidel, George M.
Stevenson, Thomas
BE Dorn, DA
Holland, AD
TI Micro-fabricated Magnetic Microcalorimeter Development for X-ray
Astronomy
SO High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy III
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy
III
CY JUN 23-26, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE Microcalorimeters; Magnetic Calorimeters; Cryogenic Detectors
ID ABSORBER DESIGN; ARRAYS; SPECTROSCOPY; CALORIMETERS; PERFORMANCE;
MULTIPLEXER
AB X-ray microcalorimeters using magnetic sensors show great promise for use in astronomical x-ray spectroscopy. We have begun to develop technology for fabricating arrays of magnetic calorimeters for X-ray astronomy. The magnetization change in each pixel of the paramagnetic sensor material due to the heat input of an absorbed x-ray is sensed by a meander shaped coil. With this geometry it is possible to obtain excellent energy sensitivity, low magnetic cross-talk and large format arrays fabricated on wafers that are separate from the SQUID read-out. We report on the results from our prototype arrays., which are coupled to low noise 2-stage SQUIDS developed at the PTB Berlin. The first testing results are presented and the sensitivity compared with calculations.
C1 [Bandler, Simon R.; Adams, Joseph S.; Hsieh, Wen-Ting; Rotzinger, Hannes; Stevenson, Thomas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Bandler, SR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Simon.R.Bandler@nasa.gov
RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010
OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106
NR 25
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7231-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7021
AR 70211K
DI 10.1117/12.789894
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BIR72
UT WOS:000262360300046
ER
PT S
AU Benford, DJ
Lauer, TR
Mott, DB
AF Benford, Dominic J.
Lauer, Tod R.
Mott, D. Brent
BE Dorn, DA
Holland, AD
TI Simulations of Sample-Up-The-Ramp for Space-Based Observations of Faint
Sources
SO High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy III
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy
III
CY JUN 23-26, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE detector readout; infrared space telescope; infrared array; up-the-ramp
sampling; dark energy; JDEM
ID COSMIC-RAY REJECTION; DETECTORS
AB We have conducted simulations of a memory-efficient up-the-ramp sampling algorithm for infrared detector arrays. Our simulations use realistic sky models of galaxy brightness, shapes, and distributions, and include the contributions of zodiacal light and cosmic rays. A simulated readout is based on the HAWAII-2RG arrays, and includes read noise, dark current, KTC noise, reset anomaly, persistence, and random telegraph noise. The up-the-ramp algorithm rejects cosmic rays, RTN, and KTC noise. The reset anomaly and persistence are also correctable. It produces a best estimate of the source flux under the assumption of very low signal-to-noise, while the overall dynamic range is increased. We present an analysis of the fidelity of image brightness recovery with this algorithm. This work is motivated by the need for sensitive, precise, accurate photometry for Destiny, a mission concept under study for the Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM).
C1 [Benford, Dominic J.; Mott, D. Brent] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Benford, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Dominic.Benford@nasa.gov
RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012
OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7231-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7021
AR 70211V
DI 10.1117/12.789976
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BIR72
UT WOS:000262360300056
ER
PT S
AU Mainzer, AK
Hogue, H
Stapelbroek, M
Molyneux, D
Hong, J
Werner, M
Ressler, M
Young, E
AF Mainzer, A. K.
Hogue, Henry
Stapelbroek, Maryn
Molyneux, Dale
Hong, John
Werner, Mike
Ressler, Michael
Young, Erick
BE Dorn, DA
Holland, AD
TI Characterization of a Megapixel Mid-infrared Array for High Background
Applications
SO High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy III
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy
III
CY JUN 23-26, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE infrared; detectors
ID SPECTROGRAPH
AB Our group has developed the first 1024x1024 high background Si:As detector array, the Megapixel Mid-Infrared array (MegaMIR). MegaMIR is designed to meet the thermal imaging and spectroscopic needs of the ground-based and airborne astronomical communities. MegaMIR was designed with switchable capacitance and windowing capability to allow maximum flexibility. We report initial test results for the new array.
C1 [Mainzer, A. K.; Hong, John; Werner, Mike; Ressler, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Mainzer, AK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 8
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7231-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7021
AR 70210T
DI 10.1117/12.789820
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BIR72
UT WOS:000262360300025
ER
PT S
AU Mainzer, A
Larsen, M
Stapelbroek, MG
Hogue, H
Garnett, J
Zandian, M
Mattson, R
Masterjohn, S
Livingston, J
Lingner, N
Alster, N
Ressler, M
Masci, F
AF Mainzer, Amy
Larsen, Mark
Stapelbroek, Maryn G.
Hogue, Henry
Garnett, James
Zandian, Majid
Mattson, Reed
Masterjohn, Stacy
Livingston, John
Lingner, Nicole
Alster, Natali
Ressler, Michael
Masci, Frank
BE Dorn, DA
Holland, AD
TI Characterization of Flight Detector Arrays for the Wide-field Infrared
Survey Explorer
SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY III
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy
III
CY JUN 23-26, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE infrared; survey; detectors
AB The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer is a NASA Midex mission launching in late 2009 that will survey the entire sky at 3.3, 4.7, 12, and 23 microns (PI: Ned Wright, UCLA). Its primary scientific goals are to find the nearest stars (actually most likely to be brown dwarfs) and the most luminous galaxies in the universe. WISE uses three dichroic beamsplitters to take simultaneous images in all four bands using four 1024x1024 detector arrays. The 3.3 and 4.7 micron channels use HgCdTe arrays, and the 12 and 23 micron bands employ Si:As arrays. In order to make a 1024x 1024 SiAS array, a new multiplexer had to be designed and produced. The HgCdTe arrays were developed by Teledyne Imaging Systems, and the SiAs array were made by DRS.
All four flight arrays have been delivered to the WISE payload contractor, Space Dynamics Laboratory. We present initial ground-based characterization results for the WISE arrays, including measurements of read noise, dark current, flat field and latent image performance, etc. These characterization data will be useful in producing the final WISE data product, an all-sky image atlas and source catalog.
C1 [Mainzer, Amy; Livingston, John; Lingner, Nicole; Ressler, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Mainzer, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 9
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7231-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2008
VL 7021
AR 70210X
DI 10.1117/12.789585
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BIR72
UT WOS:000262360300028
ER
PT S
AU Mott, DB
Waczynski, A
Wen, YT
Rauscher, BJ
Boehm, N
Chiao, MP
Degumbia, L
Delo, G
Foltz, R
Kan, E
Alexander, D
Cabelli, C
Clemons, B
Connelly, J
Dea, A
Derro, R
Engler, C
Feizi, A
Fox, O
Hill, RJ
Johnson, TE
Lander, M
Lindler, DJ
Loose, M
Manthripragada, SS
Novo-Gradac, K
Roher, WD
Rosenberry, R
Shakoorzadeh, K
Smith, MT
Wilson, D
Zino, J
AF Mott, D. Brent
Waczynski, Augustyn
Wen, Yiting
Rauscher, Bernard J.
Boehm, Nicholas
Chiao, Meng P.
Degumbia, Lantrinh
Delo, Greg
Foltz, Roger
Kan, Emily
Alexander, David
Cabelli, Craig
Clemons, Brian
Connelly, Joseph
Dea, Alex
Derro, Rebecca
Engler, Charles
Feizi, Ali
Fox, Ori
Hill, Robert J.
Johnson, Thomas E.
Lander, Matthew
Lindler, Don J.
Loose, Markus
Manthripragada, Sridhar S.
Novo-Gradac, Kevin
Roher, Wayne D.
Rosenberry, Robert
Shakoorzadeh, Kamdin
Smith, Miles T.
Wilson, Donna
Zino, Joseph
BE Dorn, DA
Holland, AD
TI Characterization of the Detector Subsystem for Near Infrared
Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the James Webb Space Telescope
SO High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy III
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy
III
CY JUN 23-26, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE James Webb Space Telescope; JWST; NIRSpec; Detector Subsystem;
Detectors; HAWAII-2RG; SIDECAR; ASIC
AB We present interim results from the characterization test development for the Detector Subsystem of the Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec). NIRSpec will be the primary near-infrared spectrograph on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The Detector Subsystem consists of a Focal Plane Assembly containing two Teledyne HAWAII-2RG arrays, two Teledyne SIDECAR cryogenic application specific integrated circuits, and a warm Focal Plane Electronics box. The Detector Characterization Laboratory at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center will perform the Detector Subsystem characterization tests. In this paper, we update the initial test results obtained with engineering grade components.
C1 [Mott, D. Brent; Rauscher, Bernard J.; Clemons, Brian; Connelly, Joseph; Derro, Rebecca; Engler, Charles; Johnson, Thomas E.; Manthripragada, Sridhar S.; Roher, Wayne D.; Smith, Miles T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Mott, DB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM brent.mott@nasa.gov
NR 5
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7231-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7021
AR 702127
DI 10.1117/12.789099
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BIR72
UT WOS:000262360300067
ER
PT S
AU Rauscher, BJ
Alexander, D
Brambora, CK
Chiao, M
Clemons, BL
Derro, R
Engler, C
Fox, O
Garrison, MB
Greenhouse, MA
Henegar, G
Hill, RJ
Johnson, T
Lavaque, RJ
Lindler, DJ
Manthripragada, SS
Marshall, C
Mott, B
Parr, TM
Roher, WD
Shakoorzadeh, KB
Smith, M
Waczynski, A
Wen, Y
Wilson, D
Ballard, M
Cabelli, C
Cheng, E
Garnett, J
Koch, E
Loose, M
Zandian, M
Zino, J
Ellis, T
Howe, B
Jurado, M
Lee, G
Nieznanski, J
Wallis, P
York, J
Regan, MW
Bagnasco, G
Boker, T
De Marchi, G
Ferruit, P
Jakobsen, P
Strada, P
AF Rauscher, Bernard J.
Alexander, David
Brambora, Clifford K.
Chiao, Meng
Clemons, Brian L.
Derro, Rebecca
Engler, Chuck
Fox, Ori
Garrison, Matthew B.
Greenhouse, Matthew A.
Henegar, Greg
Hill, Robert J.
Johnson, Thomas
Lavaque, Rodolfo J.
Lindler, Don J.
Manthripragada, Sridhar S.
Marshall, Cheryl
Mott, Brent
Parr, Thomas M.
Roher, Wayne D.
Shakoorzadeh, Kamdin B.
Smith, Miles
Waczynski, Augustyn
Wen, Yiting
Wilson, Donna
Ballard, Mary
Cabelli, Craig
Cheng, Edward
Garnett, James
Koch, Elliott
Loose, Markus
Zandian, Majid
Zino, Joseph
Ellis, Timothy
Howe, Bryan
Jurado, Miriam
Lee, Ginn
Nieznanski, John
Wallis, Peter
York, James
Regan, Michael W.
Bagnasco, Georgio
Boeker, Torsten
De Marchi, Guido
Ferruit, Pierre
Jakobsen, Peter
Strada, Paolo
BE Dorn, DA
Holland, AD
TI James Webb Space Telescope Near-Infrared Spectrograph: Dark Performance
of the First Flight Candidate Detector Arrays
SO High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy III
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy
III
CY JUN 23-26, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE JWST; NIRSpec; Detectors; HgCdTe; HAWAII-2RG; H2RG
AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) incorporates two 5 mu m cutoff (lambda(co) = 5 mu m) 2048 x 2048 pixel Teledyne HgCdTe HAWAII-2RG sensor chip assemblies. These detector arrays, and the two Teledyne SIDECAR. application specific integrated circuits that control theirs, are operated in space at T similar to 37 K. This article focuses on the measured performance of the first flight-candidate, and near-flight candidate, detector arrays. These are the first flight: packaged detector arrays that meet NIRSpec's challenging 6 e(-) rms total noise requirement.
C1 [Rauscher, Bernard J.; Alexander, David; Brambora, Clifford K.; Clemons, Brian L.; Derro, Rebecca; Engler, Chuck; Fox, Ori; Garrison, Matthew B.; Greenhouse, Matthew A.; Henegar, Greg; Hill, Robert J.; Johnson, Thomas; Lavaque, Rodolfo J.; Lindler, Don J.; Manthripragada, Sridhar S.; Marshall, Cheryl; Mott, Brent; Parr, Thomas M.; Roher, Wayne D.; Shakoorzadeh, Kamdin B.; Smith, Miles; Waczynski, Augustyn; Wen, Yiting; Wilson, Donna] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Rauscher, BJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Bernard.J.Rauscher@nasa.gov
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7231-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7021
AR 702124
DI 10.1117/12.786550
PG 19
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BIR72
UT WOS:000262360300065
ER
PT S
AU Ressler, ME
Cho, H
Lee, RAM
Sukhatme, KG
Drab, JJ
Domingo, G
McKelvey, ME
McMurray, RE
Dotsond, JL
AF Ressler, Michael E.
Cho, Hyung
Lee, Richard A. M.
Sukhatme, Kalyani G.
Drab, John J.
Domingo, George
McKelvey, Mark E.
McMurray, Robert E., Jr.
Dotsond, Jessie L.
BE Dorn, DA
Holland, AD
TI Performance of the JWST/MIRI Si:As detectors
SO High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy III
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy
III
CY JUN 23-26, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE Infrared detectors; arsenic-doped silicon; JWST; MIRI
ID IBC ARRAY PERFORMANCE
AB The Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) is a 5 to 28 micron imager and spectrometer that is slated to fly aboard the JWST in 2013. Each of the flight arrays is a 1024x1024 pixel Si:As impurity band conductor detector array, developed by Raytheon Vision Systems. JPL, in conjunction with the MIRI science team, has selected the three flight arrays along with their spares. We briefly summarize the development of these devices, then describe the measured performance of the flight arrays along with supplemental data from sister flight-like parts.
C1 [Ressler, Michael E.; Cho, Hyung; Lee, Richard A. M.; Sukhatme, Kalyani G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Ressler, ME (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Michael.E.Ressler@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 10
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7231-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7021
AR 70210O
DI 10.1117/12.789606
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BIR72
UT WOS:000262360300020
ER
PT S
AU Seshadri, S
Cole, DM
Hancock, BR
Smith, RM
AF Seshadri, S.
Cole, D. M.
Hancock, B. R.
Smith, R. M.
BE Dorn, DA
Holland, AD
TI Mapping electrical crosstalk in pixelated sensor arrays
SO High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy III
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy
III
CY JUN 23-26, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE inter pixel capacitance; electrical coupling; crosstalk; imager; focal
plane array; detector; visible; infrared
AB Electronic coupling effects such as Inter-Pixel Capacitance (IPC) affect the quantitative interpretation of image data from CMOS, hybrid visible and infrared imagers alike. Existing methods of characterizing IPC do not provide a map of the spatial variation of IPC over all pixels. We demonstrate a deterministic method that provides a direct quantitative map of the crosstalk across an imager. The approach requires only the ability to reset single pixels to an arbitrary voltage, different from the rest of the imager. No illumination source is required. Mapping IPC independently for each pixel is also made practical by the greater S/N ratio achievable for an electrical stimulus than for an optical stimulus, which is subject to both Poisson statistics and diffusion effects of photo-generated charge. The data we present illustrates a more complex picture of IPC in Teledyne HgCdTe and HyViSi focal plane arrays than is presently understood, including the presence of a newly discovered, long range IPC in the HyViSi FPA that extends tens of pixels in distance, likely stemming from extended field effects in the fully depleted substrate. The sensitivity of the measurement approach has been shown to be good enough to distinguish spatial structure in IPC of the order of 0.1%.
C1 [Seshadri, S.; Cole, D. M.; Hancock, B. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Seshadri, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 300-315,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7231-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7021
AR 702104
DI 10.1117/12.790150
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BIR72
UT WOS:000262360300004
ER
PT S
AU Sukhatme, KG
Thelen, MP
Cho, H
Ressler, ME
AF Sukhatme, Kalyani G.
Thelen, Michael P.
Cho, Hyung
Ressler, Michael E.
BE Dorn, DA
Holland, AD
TI Development of a focal plane module for JWST/MIRI
SO High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy III
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy
III
CY JUN 23-26, 2008
CL Marseille, FRANCE
SP SPIE, SPIE Europe
DE FPM; MIRI; JWST
ID JWST MIRI; PERFORMANCE
AB We present the development of a Focal Plane Module (FPM) for the Mid-Infrared Instrument on JWST. MIRI will include three FPMs, two for the spectrometer channels and one for the imager channel. The FPMs are designed to support the detectors at an operating temperature of 6.7 K with high temperature stability and precision alignment while being capable of surviving the launch environment. The flight units will be built and will undergo a rigorous test program in the first half of 2008. This paper includes a description of the full test program and will present the results.
C1 [Sukhatme, Kalyani G.; Thelen, Michael P.; Cho, Hyung; Ressler, Michael E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Sukhatme, KG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Kalyani.G.Sukhatme@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-7231-1
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 2008
VL 7021
AR 70210N
DI 10.1117/12.789726
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BIR72
UT WOS:000262360300019
ER
PT B
AU Das, S
AF Das, Subrata
BA Das, S
BF Das, S
TI Models, Architectures, and Data
SO HIGH-LEVEL DATA FUSION
SE Artech House Electronic Warfare Library
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; LEARNING PROBABILISTIC NETWORKS; TARGET TRACKING;
MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; BAYESIAN NETWORKS; STATE ESTIMATION; BELIEF
NETWORKS; EM ALGORITHM; MISSING DATA; DISTRIBUTIONS
C1 [Das, Subrata] Charles River Analyt Inc, Cambridge, MA USA.
[Das, Subrata] Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England.
[Das, Subrata] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England.
[Das, Subrata] NASA, Washington, DC USA.
RP Das, S (reprint author), Charles River Analyt Inc, Cambridge, MA USA.
NR 0
TC 63
Z9 63
U1 0
U2 0
PU ARTECH HOUSE
PI NORWOOD
PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA
BN 978-1-59693-281-4
J9 ARTECH HSE ELEC WARF
PY 2008
BP 1
EP +
PG 32
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
SC Computer Science
GA BKE00
UT WOS:000267849000001
ER
PT B
AU Tilton, JC
AF Tilton, James C.
BE Plaza, AJ
Chang, CI
TI Parallel Implementation of the Recursive Approximation of an
Unsupervised Hierarchical Segmentation Algorithm
SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING IN REMOTE SENSING
SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computer and Information Science Series
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
AB The hierarchical image segmentation algorithm (referred to as HSEG) is a hybrid of hierarchical step-wise optimization (HSWO) and constrained spectral clustering that produces a hierarchical set of image segmentations. HSWO is an iterative approach to region growing segmentation in which the optimal image segmentation is found at N-R regions, given a segmentation at N-R + 1 regions. HSEG's addition of constrained spectral clustering makes it a computationally intensive algorithm, for all but the smallest of images. To counteract this, a computationally efficient recursive approximation of HSEG (called RHSEG) has been devised. Further improvements in processing speed are obtained through a parallel implementation of RHSEG. This chapter describes this parallel implementation and demonstrates its computational efficiency on a Landsat Thematic Mapper test scene.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Tilton, JC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 12
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA
BN 978-1-58488-662-4
J9 CH CRC COMP INFO SCI
PY 2008
BP 97
EP 107
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Remote Sensing
SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing
GA BJN91
UT WOS:000266874600004
ER
PT B
AU Green, RO
AF Green, Robert O.
BE Plaza, AJ
Chang, CI
TI AVIRIS and Related 21st Century Imaging Spectrometers for Earth and
Space Science
SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING IN REMOTE SENSING
SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computer and Information Science Series
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID VEGETATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SOILS; TOOL
AB Imaging spectroscopy (also known as hyperspectral imaging) is a field of scientific investigation based upon the measurement and analysis of spectra measured as images. The human eye qualitatively measures three colors (blue, green, and red) in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum when viewing the environment. The human eye-brain combination is a powerful observing system, however, it generally provides a non-quantitative perspective of the local environment. Imaging spectrometer instruments typically measure hundreds of colors (spectral channels) across a much wider spectral range. These hundreds of spectral channels are recorded quantitatively as spectra for every spatial element in an image. The measured spectra provide the basis for a new approach to understanding the environment from a remote perspective based in the physics, chemistry, and biology revealed by imaging spectroscopy.
The measurement of hundreds of spectral channels for each spatial element of an image consisting of millions of spatial elements creates an important requirement for the use of high-performance computing. First, high-performance computing is required to acquire, store, and manipulate the large data sets collected. Second, to extract the physical, chemical, and biological information recorded in the remotely measured spectra requires the development and use of high-performance computing algorithms and analysis approaches.
This chapter uses the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) to review the critical characteristics of an imaging spectrometer instrument and the corresponding characteristics of the measured spectra. The wide range of scientific research as well as application objectives pursued with AVIRIS is briefly presented. Roles for the application of high-performance computing methods to AVIRIS data sets are discussed. Next in the chapter a review is given of the characteristics and measurement objectives of the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) imaging spectrometer planned for launch in 2008. This is the first imaging spectrometer designed to acquire high precision and high uniformity spectral measurements of an entire planetary-sized rocky body in our solar system. The size of the expected data set and roles for high performance computing are discussed. Finally, a review is given of one design for an Earth imaging spectrometer focused on investigation of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem status and composition. This imaging spectrometer has the potential to deliver calibrated spectra for the entire land and coastal regions of the Earth every 19 days. The size of the data sets generated and the sophistication of the algorithms needed for full analysis provide a clear demand for high-performance computing. Imaging spectroscopy and the data sets collected provide an important basis for the use of high-performance computing from data collection to data storage through to data analysis.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Green, RO (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 30
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA
BN 978-1-58488-662-4
J9 CH CRC COMP INFO SCI
PY 2008
BP 335
EP 358
PG 24
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Remote Sensing
SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing
GA BJN91
UT WOS:000266874600013
ER
PT B
AU El-Araby, E
Taher, M
El-Ghazawi, T
Le Moigne, J
AF El-Araby, Esam
Taher, Mohamed
El-Ghazawi, Tarek
Le Moigne, Jacqueline
BE Plaza, AJ
Chang, CI
TI Remote Sensing and High-Performance Reconfigurable Computing Systems
SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING IN REMOTE SENSING
SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computer and Information Science Series
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
AB The trend for remote sensing satellite missions has always been towards smaller size, lower cost, more flexibility, and higher computational power. On-board processing, as a solution, permits a good utilization of expensive resources. Instead of storing and forwarding all captured images, data processing can be performed on-orbit prior to downlink, resulting in the reduction of communication bandwidth as well as simpler and faster subsequent computations to be performed at ground stations. Reconfigurable computers (RCs) combine the flexibility of traditional microprocessors with the power of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Therefore, RCs are a promising candidate for on-board preprocessing.
C1 [Le Moigne, Jacqueline] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[El-Araby, Esam; Taher, Mohamed; El-Ghazawi, Tarek] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
RP El-Araby, E (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA
BN 978-1-58488-662-4
J9 CH CRC COMP INFO SCI
PY 2008
BP 359
EP 377
PG 19
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Remote Sensing
SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing
GA BJN91
UT WOS:000266874600014
ER
PT S
AU Hrinda, GA
AF Hrinda, G. A.
BE DeWilde, WP
Brebbia, CA
TI Structural optimization of conceptual aerospace vehicles
SO HIGH PERFORMANCE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS IV
SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Conference on High Performance Structures and
Materials
CY MAY, 2008
CL Wessex Inst Technol, Algarve, PORTUGAL
SP High Performance Structures & Mat
HO Wessex Inst Technol
DE finite-element analysis; optimization; conceptual design; composites
AB Aerospace vehicle structures must be optimized for mass to maximize the mission payload. During the conceptual design phase, structures must be optimized to accurately predict the mass of the design. Analysis methods that are used in sizing members should allow for the selection of a variety of metallic and composite materials and user-defined geometry constraints. Rapid vehicle structural analysis is often necessary to improve the fidelity and the results that are obtained during the preliminary design. Recent experiences are highlighted that utilize the Collier Research Corporation's Hypersizer (R) toolset to optimize structural concepts.
C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Hrinda, GA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU WIT PRESS/COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS
PI SOUTHAMPTON
PA ASHURST LODGE, ASHURST, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ENGLAND
SN 1746-4498
BN 978-1-84564-106-1
J9 WIT TRANS BUILT ENV
PY 2008
VL 97
BP 411
EP 419
PG 9
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science
GA BHW19
UT WOS:000256986600042
ER
PT S
AU Smialek, JL
AF Smialek, James L.
BE Steinmetz, P
Wright, IG
Galerie, A
Monceau, D
Mathieu, S
TI Enigmatic Moisture Effects on Al(2)O(3) Scale and TBC Adhesion
SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 7, PTS 1 AND 2
SE Materials Science Forum
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection
of Materials
CY MAY 18-23, 2008
CL Les Embiez, FRANCE
SP Nancy Univ, Inst Polytech Grenoble, Inst Polytech Toulouse, CEFRACOR, ONR Global, VEOLIA Environm, ORNL, St Gobain, EPRI, Snecma Grp SAFRAN, CNRS
DE superalloys; alumina scales; TBC; oxidation; moisture; spallation;
hydrogen
ID ALUMINA SCALES; WATER-VAPOR; OXIDATION; CHROMIA; ALLOYS
AB Alumina scale adhesion on high temperature alloys is known to be affected primarily by sulfur segregation and reactive element additions. However adherent scales can become partially compromised by excessive strain energy and cyclic cracking. With time, exposure of such scales to moisture can lead to spontaneous interfacial decohesion, occurring while the samples are maintained at ambient conditions. Examples of this Moisture-Induced Delayed Spallation (MIDS) are presented for NiCrAl and single crystal superalloys, becoming more severe with sulfur level and cyclic exposure conditions. Similarly, delayed failure or Desk Top Spallation (DTS) results are reviewed for TBC's, culminating in the water drop failure test. Both phenomena are discussed in terms of moisture effects on bulk alumina and bulk aluminides. A mechanism is proposed based on hydrogen embrittlement and is supported by a cathodic hydrogen charging experiment. Hydroxylization of aluminum from the alloy interface appears to be the relevant basic reaction.
C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Smialek, JL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM James.L.Smialek@NASA.gov
NR 18
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 3
PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI STAFA-ZURICH
PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
SN 0255-5476
J9 MATER SCI FORUM
PY 2008
VL 595-598
BP 191
EP 198
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA BIW45
UT WOS:000263369400026
ER
PT J
AU Hyers, RW
Rogers, JR
AF Hyers, Robert W.
Rogers, Jan R.
TI A Review of Electrostatic Levitation for Materials Research
SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS AND PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
DE electrostatic levitation; review; thermophysical properties; mechanical
properties; solidification; containerless processing
AB Electrostatic levitation (ESL) has been applied to research on bulk high-temperature materials for over 15 years. ESL is a non-contact method performed in vacuum or high-pressure gas, making it especially applicable in studying undercooled and/or high-temperature materials. ESL has been applied to metals, ceramics, glasses, and semiconductors from room temperature to over 3800 K. Experiments conducted using ESL span the range from measurement of thermophysical properties, phase diagrams, and rates of nucleation and solidification to the structure of undercooled liquid metals. Through national user facilities and individual laboratories, ESL is now widely available. We review the range of measurements being performed using ESL, with special emphasis on several recent innovations in measurements important to materials research.
C1 [Hyers, Robert W.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Rogers, Jan R.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Hyers, RW (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
RI Hyers, Robert/G-3755-2010
FU NASA organizations [NNX08AL21G]
FX The authors wish to thank all of the wonderful collaborators we have
worked with, many of whom are listed in the references. The authors
gratefully acknowledge support from many different NASA organizations
including the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD), Office of
Biological and Physical Research, and Innovative Partnerships Program.
Dr. Hyers acknowledges support from NASA ESMD under grant NNX08AL21G.
Some of the experimental work presented here was performed at the NASA
Marshall Space Flight Center Electrostatic Levitation Facility.
NR 50
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 11
PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD
PI TEL AVIV
PA PO BOX 35010, TEL AVIV 61350, ISRAEL
SN 0334-6455
J9 HIGH TEMP MAT PR-ISR
JI High Temp. Mater. Process.
PY 2008
VL 27
IS 6
BP 461
EP 474
PG 14
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA V10MN
UT WOS:000207468200009
ER
PT S
AU Cruikshank, DP
AF Cruikshank, Dale P.
BE Kwok, S
Sandford, S
TI Organic matter in the Solar System: From colors to spectral bands
SO IAU: ORGANIC MATTER IN SPACE
SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 251st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union
CY FEB 18-22, 2008
CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Int Astron Union
DE Astrochemistry; Planets and satellites; Kuiper Belt; Molecules
ID MAPPING SPECTROMETER VIMS; SATURN SYSTEM; THOLINS; PHOEBE; GRAINS;
SPECTROSCOPY; COLORIMETRY; ASTEROIDS; IAPETUS; BODIES
AB The reflected spectral energy distribution of low-albedo, red-colored, airless bodies in the outer Solar System (planetary satellites, Centaur objects, Kuiper Belt objects, bare comet nuclei) can be modeled with spectral models that incorporate the optical properties of refractory complex organic materials synthesized in the laboratory and called tholins. These materials are strongly colored and impart their color properties to the models. The colors of the bodies cannot be matched with plausible minerals, ices, or metals, Iapetus, a satellite of Saturn, is one such red-coloured body that is well matched with tholin-rich models. Detection of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons on Iapetus by the Cassini spacecraft, and the presence of these hydrocarbons in the tholins, is taken as evidence for the widespread presence of solid organic complexes aromatic and aliphatic units on many bodies in the outer Solar System. These organic complexes may be compositionally similar to the insoluble organic matter in some classes of the carbonaceous meteorites, and thus may ultimately derive from the organic matter in the interstellar medium.
C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Cruikshank, DP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Dale.P.Cruikshank@nasa.gov
NR 33
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 1743-9213
BN 978-0-521-88982-7
J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES
JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series
PY 2008
VL 4
IS 251
BP 285
EP 292
DI 10.1017/S1743921308021753
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIO81
UT WOS:000261374200068
ER
PT S
AU Sandford, SA
AF Sandford, Scott A.
BE Kwok, S
Sandford, S
TI Organics in the samples returned from comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust
Spacecraft
SO IAU: ORGANIC MATTER IN SPACE
SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 251st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union
CY FEB 18-22, 2008
CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Int Astron Union
DE Stardust Mission; comets; organics; dust; isotopes; astrochemistry;
astrobiology
ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; INTERSTELLAR ICE ANALOGS; MATTER;
IDENTIFICATION; PHOTOLYSIS; MOLECULES; HALLEY; IMPACT
AB The Stardust Mission collected samples from Comet 81P/Wild 2 on 2 Jan 2004 and returned these samples to Earth on 15 Jan 2006. After recovery, a six month preliminary examination was done on a portion of the samples. Studies of the organics in the samples were made by the Organics Preliminary Examination Team (PET) - a worldwide group of over 55 scientists. This paper provides a brief overview of the findings of the Organics PET. Organics in the samples were studied using a multitude of anlaytical techniques including spatial determination of C and heteroatom elemental abundances (STXM), functional group identification (micro-FTIR/Raman, C,N,O-XANES), and specific molecular identification of certain classes of organics (HPLC-LIF, L2MS, TOF-SIMS). Analyses were also made of spacecraft components and environmental samples collected near the recovered returned capsule to assess contamination issues. The distribution of organics (abundance, functionality, and relative elemental abundances of C,N,O) is heterogeneous both within and between particles. They are an unequilibrated reservoir that experienced little parent body processing after incorporation into the comet. Some organics look like those seen in IDPs (and to a lesser extent, meteorites), while new aromatic-poor and highly labile organics, not seen in meteoritic materials, are also present. The organics are O,N-rich compared to meteoritic organics. Some of the organics have an interstellar heritage, as evidenced by D and (15)N enrichments.
C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Sandford, SA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Scott.A.Sandford@nasa.gov
NR 46
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 1743-9213
BN 978-0-521-88982-7
J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES
JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series
PY 2008
VL 4
IS 251
BP 299
EP 307
DI 10.1017/S1743921308021777
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIO81
UT WOS:000261374200070
ER
PT S
AU Mumma, MJ
AF Mumma, Michael J.
BE Kwok, S
Sandford, S
TI Chemical diversity of organic volatiles among comets: An emerging
taxonomy and implications for processes in the proto-planetary disk
SO IAU: ORGANIC MATTER IN SPACE
SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 251st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union
CY FEB 18-22, 2008
CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Int Astron Union
AB As messengers from the early Solar System, comets contain key information from the time of planet formation and even earlier - some may contain material formed in our natal interstellar cloud. Along with water, the cometary nucleus contains ices of natural gases (CH(4), C(2)H(6)), alcohols (CH(3)OH), acids (HCOOH), embalming fluid (H(2)CO), and even antifreeze (ethylene glycol). Comets today contain some ices that vaporize at temperatures near absolute zero (CO, CH(4)), demonstrating that their compositions remain largely unchanged after 4.5 billion years. By comparing their chemical diversity, several distinct cometary classes have been identified but, their specific relation to chemical gradients in the proto-planetary disk remains murky. How does the compositional diversity of comets relate to nebular processes such as chemical processing, radial migration, and dynamical scattering? No current; reservoir holds a unique class, but their fractional abundance can test emerging dynamical models for origins of the scattered Kuiper disk, the Oort cloud, and the (proposed) main-belt comets. I will provide a simplified overview emphasizing what we are learning, current issues, and their relevance to the subject of this, Symposium.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Mumma, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Michael.J.Mumma@nasa.gov
RI mumma, michael/I-2764-2013
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 1743-9213
BN 978-0-521-88982-7
J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES
JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series
PY 2008
VL 4
IS 251
BP 309
EP 309
DI 10.1017/S1743921308021789
PG 1
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIO81
UT WOS:000261374200071
ER
PT S
AU Wong, MC
Cassidy, T
Johnson, RE
AF Wong, Mau C.
Cassidy, Tim
Johnson, Robert E.
BE Kwok, S
Sandford, S
TI The composition of Europa's near-surface atmosphere
SO IAU: ORGANIC MATTER IN SPACE
SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 251st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union
CY FEB 18-22, 2008
CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Int Astron Union
AB The presence of in undersurface ocean renders Europa as one of the few planetary bodies in our Solar System that has been conjectured to have possibly harbored life. Some of the organic and inorganic species present: in the ocean underneath are expected to transport upwards through the relatively thin ice crust; and manifest. themselves as impurities of the water ice surface. For this reason, together with its unique dynamic atmosphere, and geological features, Europa has attracted strong scientific interests in past; decades.
Europa is imbedded inside the Jovian magnetosphere, and, therefore, is constantly subjected to the immerse surrounding radiations, similar to the other three Galilean satellites. The magnetosphere-atmosphere-surface interactions form a complex system that; provides a multitude of interesting geophysical phenomenon that is unique, in the Solar System. The atmosphere of Europa is thought to have created by, mostly, charged particles sputtering of surface materials. Consequently, the study of Europa's atmosphere can be used as a, tool to infer the surface composition. In this paper, we will discuss our recent model studies of Europa.'s near-surface atmosphere. In particular, the abundances and distributions of the dominant O(2) and H(2)O Species, and of other organic and inorganic minor species will be addressed.
C1 [Wong, Mau C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Wong, MC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM mau.c.wong@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 1743-9213
BN 978-0-521-88982-7
J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES
JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series
PY 2008
VL 4
IS 251
BP 327
EP 327
DI 10.1017/S1743921308021856
PG 1
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIO81
UT WOS:000261374200078
ER
PT S
AU Salama, F
AF Salama, Farid
BE Kwok, S
Sandford, S
TI PAHs in Astronomy - A Review
SO IAU: ORGANIC MATTER IN SPACE
SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 251st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union
CY FEB 18-22, 2008
CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Int Astron Union
DE Infrared: ISM; ultraviolet: ISM; ISM: molecules; ISM: dust; extinction;
methods: laboratory; techniques: spectroscopic; line: identification;
line: profiles; surveys; molecular data
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR BANDS;
UNIDENTIFIED INFRARED-EMISSION; PULSED DISCHARGE NOZZLE; RING-DOWN
SPECTROSCOPY; EXTENDED RED EMISSION; SUPERSONIC JET; GAS-PHASE; CATIONS;
DUST
AB Carbonaceous materials play an important role in space. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, (PAHs) axe a ubiquitous component of organic matter in space. Their contribution is invoked in a broad spectrum of astronomical observations that range from the ultraviolet to the far-infrared and cover a wide variety of objects and environments from meteorites and interplanetary dust particles to outer Solar System bodies to the interstellar medium in the local Milky Way and in other galaxies. Extensive efforts have been devoted in the past; two decades to experimental, theoretical, and observational studies of PAHs. A brief review is given here, of the evidence obtained so far for the contribution of PAHs to the phenomena aforementioned. An attempt; is made to distinguish the cases where solid evidence is available from Cases Where reasonable assumptions can be made to the cases where the presence - or the absence - of PAHs is purely speculative at this point.
C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Salama, F (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM farid.salama@nasa.gov
RI Salama, Farid/A-8787-2009
OI Salama, Farid/0000-0002-6064-4401
NR 50
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 5
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 1743-9213
BN 978-0-521-88982-7
J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES
JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series
PY 2008
VL 4
IS 251
BP 357
EP 365
DI 10.1017/S1743921308021960
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIO81
UT WOS:000261374200088
ER
PT S
AU Nuth, JA
Johnson, NM
Manning, S
AF Nuth, Joseph A., III
Johnson, Natasha M.
Manning, Steven
BE Kwok, S
Sandford, S
TI A self-perpetuating catalyst for the production of complex organic
molecules in protostellar nebulae
SO IAU: ORGANIC MATTER IN SPACE
SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 251st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union
CY FEB 18-22, 2008
CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Int Astron Union
DE Astrobiology; astrochemistry; methods: laboratory; molecular processes;
solar system: formation; stars: pre-main-sequence
ID SOLAR NEBULA; CHEMISTRY; COMETS; ORIGIN; DUST; CO
AB When hydrogen, nitrogen and CO are exposed to amorphous iron silicate surfaces at temperatures between 500-900 K a carbonaceous coating forms via Fischer-Tropsch type reactions. Under normal circumstances such a coating would impede or stop further reaction. However, we find that this coating is a better catalyst than the amorphous iron silicates that initiate these reactions,. Formation of a self-perpetuating catalytic coating on grain surfaces could explain the rich deposits of macromolecular carbon found in primitive meteorites and would imply that protostellar nebulae should be rich in organic material.
C1 [Nuth, Joseph A., III; Johnson, Natasha M.; Manning, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Nuth, JA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Joseph.A.Nuth@NASA.gov
RI Johnson, Natasha/E-3093-2012; Nuth, Joseph/E-7085-2012
NR 17
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 1743-9213
BN 978-0-521-88982-7
J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES
JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series
PY 2008
VL 4
IS 251
BP 403
EP 408
DI 10.1017/S1743921308022047
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIO81
UT WOS:000261374200096
ER
PT S
AU Bernstein, M
AF Bernstein, Max
BE Kwok, S
Sandford, S
TI Reactions of aromatics in space and connections to the carbon chemistry
of Solar System materials
SO IAU: ORGANIC MATTER IN SPACE
SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 251st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union
CY FEB 18-22, 2008
CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Int Astron Union
AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and related aromatic materials are thought to I)e the most; abudant; class of organic carbon in the, universe, being present ill virtually all phases of the ISM, and abundant, ill carbonaceous meteorites and asteroid and comet (lust. The basic PAH skeleton is proposed to have formed in outflows of carbon rich stars, and isotopic measurements of extraterrestrial graphitic carbon is consistent with this notion. However, functionalized aromatics bearing oxygen atoms, aliphatic domains, and deuterium enrichments have been extracted front meteorites and more recently been measured in IDPs and Stardust retuned comet samples. Exposure of remnant circumstellar PAHs to energetic processing at low temperature in the presense of H(2)O is die most; parsimonious explanation for these observations.
We will present laboratory infrared spectra of various aromatic species and PAH cations in solid H(2)O under conditions relevant for comparsion to absorptions attributed to PAHs observed towards objects embedded ill dense clouds. Ill addition, we shall describe the reactions of PAHs under these conditions in the lab when they are exposed to energetic processing. Finally, we will propose a mechanism, and make specific predictions regarding the structures and distribution of deuterium that; should I)c observed ill extraterrestrial samples if low temperature ice radiation chemistry is playing a role ill the formation of the molecules seen in Solar System materials.
C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
RP Bernstein, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
EM Max.Bernstein@nasa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 1743-9213
BN 978-0-521-88982-7
J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES
JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series
PY 2008
VL 4
IS 251
BP 437
EP 439
DI 10.1017/S1743921308022102
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIO81
UT WOS:000261374200102
ER
PT S
AU Khare, BN
McKay, CP
Cruikshank, DP
Sekine, Y
Wilhite, P
Ishihara, T
AF Khare, Bishun N.
McKay, Christopher P.
Cruikshank, Dale P.
Sekine, Yasuhito
Wilhite, Patrick
Ishihara, Tomoko
BE Kwok, S
Sandford, S
TI Optical and chemical properties of tholins
SO IAU: ORGANIC MATTER IN SPACE
SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 251st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union
CY FEB 18-22, 2008
CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Int Astron Union
AB For over three decades tholins have been synthesized from mixtures of the cosmically abundant gases CH(4), C(2)H(6), NH(3), H(2)O, HCHO, N(2), and H(2), previously in the Laboratory for Planetary Studies at Cornell University and in recent years at NASA Ames Research Center. The tholin synthesized by UV light or spark discharge on sequential and non-sequential pyrolysis GC-MS revealed hundreds of compounds, and on hydrolysis produced a large number or amino acids including racemic protein amino acids. Optical constants have been measured of many of the tholins, tholins produced from a condensed mixture of water and ethane at 77 K, poly HCN, and Titan tholin produced on electrical discharge through a mixture of 90% N(2) and 10% CH(4). Its optical constants were measured from soft x-rays to microwave for the first time.
Here we report the absorption properties of Titan tholin that is produced in the temperature range 135 to 178 K where tholins are produced by magnetospheric charged particles, then pass through lower temperature at 70 K and finally to the ground at 95 K. While descending to the ground, it gets coated and processed on the way by other sources of energy such as long UV and cosmic rays. It is therefore expected that the stable products of CH(4) photolysis react with Titan tholin to recycle the CH(4) supply in Titan's atmosphere. Furthermore, the reactions of gaseous C(2)H(6) with the reactive materials on the surface of the tholin could incorporate atmospheric C(2)H(6) into the tholin and therefore might reduce the depositio rate of C(2)H(6) onto the ground of Titan.
C1 [Khare, Bishun N.; Ishihara, Tomoko] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, SETI Inst,Carl Sagan Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
RP Khare, BN (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, SETI Inst,Carl Sagan Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
EM bkhare@mail.arc.nasa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 1743-9213
BN 978-0-521-88982-7
J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES
JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series
PY 2008
VL 4
IS 251
BP 441
EP 442
DI 10.1017/S1743921308022114
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BIO81
UT WOS:000261374200103
ER
EF